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LaPorte MF, Suwarno WB, Hannok P, Koide A, Bradbury P, Crossa J, Palacios-Rojas N, Diepenbrock CH. Investigating genomic prediction strategies for grain carotenoid traits in a tropical/subtropical maize panel. G3 (Bethesda) 2024; 14:jkae044. [PMID: 38427914 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin A deficiency remains prevalent on a global scale, including in regions where maize constitutes a high percentage of human diets. One solution for alleviating this deficiency has been to increase grain concentrations of provitamin A carotenoids in maize (Zea mays ssp. mays L.)-an example of biofortification. The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) developed a Carotenoid Association Mapping panel of 380 inbred lines adapted to tropical and subtropical environments that have varying grain concentrations of provitamin A and other health-beneficial carotenoids. Several major genes have been identified for these traits, 2 of which have particularly been leveraged in marker-assisted selection. This project assesses the predictive ability of several genomic prediction strategies for maize grain carotenoid traits within and between 4 environments in Mexico. Ridge Regression-Best Linear Unbiased Prediction, Elastic Net, and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces had high predictive abilities for all tested traits (β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, provitamin A, lutein, and zeaxanthin) and outperformed Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator. Furthermore, predictive abilities were higher when using genome-wide markers rather than only the markers proximal to 2 or 13 genes. These findings suggest that genomic prediction models using genome-wide markers (and assuming equal variance of marker effects) are worthwhile for these traits even though key genes have already been identified, especially if breeding for additional grain carotenoid traits alongside β-carotene. Predictive ability was maintained for all traits except lutein in between-environment prediction. The TASSEL (Trait Analysis by aSSociation, Evolution, and Linkage) Genomic Selection plugin performed as well as other more computationally intensive methods for within-environment prediction. The findings observed herein indicate the utility of genomic prediction methods for these traits and could inform their resource-efficient implementation in biofortification breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary-Francis LaPorte
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Willy Bayuardi Suwarno
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Pattama Hannok
- Division of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Plant Breeding and Plant Genetics Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Akiyoshi Koide
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter Bradbury
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - José Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco 56130, Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco 56130, Mexico
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Rosales A, Molina-Macedo A, Leyva M, San Vicente F, Palacios-Rojas N. Fresh/High-Zinc Maize: A Promising Solution for Alleviating Zinc Deficiency through Significant Micronutrient Accumulation. Foods 2023; 12:2757. [PMID: 37509849 PMCID: PMC10379605 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc deficiency poses a significant health challenge worldwide, particularly in regions where access to and the affordability of dietary diversity are limited. This research article presents a time course analysis of kernel development on the zinc content in maize kernels with different genetic backgrounds, including normal maize, quality protein maize, and high-zinc maize, grown at two locations. Zn concentrations during stage I were high, decreasing between stages II and IV and increasing during stages V to VII. High-zinc kernel genotypes, including those ones with high-quality protein genetic backgrounds, have higher contents of zinc and iron during the milky stage (fresh/green maize). The zinc and iron content in fresh maize differed depending on the genotype. By consuming fresh maize biofortified with zinc, up to 89% and 100% of EAR needs can be fulfilled for pregnant women and children. The results demonstrate that fresh high-zinc maize accumulates a substantial amount of this micronutrient, highlighting its potential as a valuable source for addressing zinc deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Rosales
- International Maize and What Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - Aide Molina-Macedo
- International Maize and What Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - Mayolo Leyva
- International Maize and What Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - Félix San Vicente
- International Maize and What Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
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Rodríguez-Bustos L, Galicia L, Benítez M, Palacios-Rojas N, Ramos I. Implementing the nature's contributions framework: A case study based on farm typologies in small-scale agroecosystems from the Mexico highlands. Front Sustain Food Syst 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1009447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIntegrating the heterogeneity of small-scale agriculture with the regulation, material, and non-material contributions is key to complementing the rural-support policy instruments. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the diversity of agricultural types of management in small-scale maize agroecosystems and discuss their implications for nature's contributions in the region of Valles Altos, México.MethodsThe methodology was conducted by constructing an agricultural management typology with multivariate statistical analysis for 112 small plots interviews. The operationalization of regulation, material, and non-material nature's contributions was based on the definition and counting of cultural elements from agronomic management for each class of contribution.ResultsThe results indicate three different types of agricultural management defined mainly by the type of seed, the destination of harvest, and the type of tillage. This management diversity is guided by farmers' motivation to achieve food self-sufficiency or generate income from grain sales. Each management type has a unique provision of regulation, material, and no material contributions defined by the use of the native seed, use of stover, and management diversification.DiscussionThe integration of farm typology methods and nature's contributions framework reveals that it is critical to establish new incentives that include the biological and cultural diversity of agroecosystems and the individual motivations of farmers. This may help conserve the natural and cultural values of agriculture and design appropriate incentives for small-scale agriculture.
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Odjo S, Bongianino N, González Regalado J, Cabrera Soto ML, Palacios-Rojas N, Burgueño J, Verhulst N. Effect of Storage Technologies on Postharvest Insect Pest Control and Seed Germination in Mexican Maize Landraces. Insects 2022; 13:insects13100878. [PMID: 36292825 PMCID: PMC9604504 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Smallholder farmers who grow maize landraces face important challenges to preserve their seed biodiversity from one season to another. This study was carried out in the central highlands of Mexico to compare the effectiveness of two seed storage practices-specifically, polypropylene woven bags (farmers' conventional practice) vs. hermetic containers-for minimizing seed losses and maintaining germination. Four Mexican landraces were stored for three and six months. Data on moisture content and kernel damage were collected at the beginning and the end of the storage period. Pest-free samples collected were also analyzed for seed germination. Moisture content was below 13% overall and was not significantly affected by storage technology or storage time. Samples from the polypropylene woven bags suffered significant damage from Sitophilus zeamais and Prostephanus truncatus, with the percentages of insect damage and weight loss reaching 61.4% and 23.4%, respectively. Losses were minimal in seed stored in hermetic containers, with a maximum insect damage of 4.1% and weight loss of 2.2%. Overall, the germination rate of samples stored in these airtight containers was greater than 90%. This study provides additional evidence on the effectiveness of hermetic containers at maintaining Mexican landraces' seed quantity and quality during storage in smallholder conditions in central Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvanus Odjo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batán, Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - Nicolas Bongianino
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba (ICYTAC), CONICET-UNC, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Jessica González Regalado
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batán, Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - María Luisa Cabrera Soto
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batán, Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batán, Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - Juan Burgueño
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batán, Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
| | - Nele Verhulst
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera Mexico-Veracruz km 45, El Batán, Texcoco C.P. 56237, Mexico
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Cardador-Martínez A, Pech-Almeida JL, Allaf K, Palacios-Rojas N, Alonzo-Macías M, Téllez-Pérez C. A Preliminary Study on the Effect of the Instant Controlled Pressure Drop Technology (DIC) on Drying and Rehydration Kinetics of Maize Kernels (Zea mays L.). Foods 2022; 11:foods11142151. [PMID: 35885392 PMCID: PMC9316620 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is one of the three worldwide cereal crops with the most outstanding production; however, its postharvest losses range from 2 to 40% due to inadequate harvesting, drying, and storage technologies. This study focuses on the Instant Controlled Pressure Drop technology (DIC) effect on maize kernels’ drying and rehydration kinetics. In total, 19 different DIC treatments were carried out on maize kernels (~25% d.b.). The DIC parameters studied were steam pressure (0.1 to 0.4 MPa) and treatment time (10 to 90 s). After DIC treatment, drying kinetics were carried out by Convective Air Drying (CAD) at 50 °C and 0.4 ms−1 airflow. Rehydration kinetics and Water Holding Capacity (WHC) were evaluated at 20 °C. In comparison to CAD samples, DIC (0.4 MPa and 90 s) reduced the drying time from 180 min to ~108 min. Additionally, regarding the rehydration and WHC results, DIC achieved the same moisture content in only 3.5 min that controls achieved after 1 h of rehydration (0.40 g H2O/g dry matter). Moreover, DIC (0.4 MPa and nine cycles of 10 s) increased the WHC 2.3 times compared to the control. In this way, DIC could be a postharvest technology to improve maize kernels’ drying operations and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaberta Cardador-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Epigmenio González 500, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (J.L.P.-A.)
| | - Juan Leopoldo Pech-Almeida
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Epigmenio González 500, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (J.L.P.-A.)
| | - Karim Allaf
- Laboratory of Engineering Science for Environment LaSIE-UMR-CNRS 7356, Eco-Intensification of Agro-Industrial Eco-Processes, La Rochelle University, 17042 La Rochelle, France;
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Carretera México-Veracruz, Texcoco 56237, Mexico;
| | - Maritza Alonzo-Macías
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Epigmenio González 500, Querétaro 76130, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (J.L.P.-A.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.-M.); (C.T.-P.)
| | - Carmen Téllez-Pérez
- Laboratory of Engineering Science for Environment LaSIE-UMR-CNRS 7356, Eco-Intensification of Agro-Industrial Eco-Processes, La Rochelle University, 17042 La Rochelle, France;
- Correspondence: (M.A.-M.); (C.T.-P.)
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Ponce-García N, Palacios-Rojas N, Serna-Saldivar SO, García-Lara S. Aflatoxin contamination in maize: occurrence and health implications in Latin America. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation, mycotoxicoses constitute the second most pressing food safety problem worldwide, with most cases occurring in developing countries. Maize (Zea mays L.), the main staple for many Latin Americans, is one of the best suitable substrates for mycotoxigenic Aspergillus fungi. Aflatoxins (AFs) produced primarily by Aspergillus flavus, are of significant concern, especially in developing countries. While AFs production occurs mainly in warmer, tropical, and subtropical environments, recent evidence suggests that global climate change favours their presence in regions with little or no awareness of this issue. AFs interfere with metabolic processes, causing cancer and other health disorders resulting in health hazards and even death. The setting of national acceptable regulatory levels of AFs is necessary for Latin American countries. Unfortunately, no estimates of the economic impact of AFs in this region are currently available nor the cost of regulatory programs designed to reduce health risks to animals and humans. This review explores relevant data about incidence of AFs in maize produced in the region and the adverse effects of the consumption of contaminated foods and the associated health consequences for Latin American consumers. Regulations aimed to mitigate AFs exposure to consumers are also reviewed and identified gaps for researchers and actors of the maize value chain are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Ponce-García
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Mexico State, UAEMéx, Campus Universitario ‘El Cerrillo’, El Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, P.O. Box 50200, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - N. Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera Mexico-Veracruz Km. 45, P.O. Box 56237, El Batán, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - S. O. Serna-Saldivar
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - S. García-Lara
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, C.P. 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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Gallego-Castillo S, Taleon V, Talsma EF, Rosales-Nolasco A, Palacios-Rojas N. Effect of maize processing methods on the retention of minerals, phytic acid and amino acids when using high kernel-zinc maize. Curr Res Food Sci 2021; 4:279-286. [PMID: 33997794 PMCID: PMC8089769 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High kernel-zinc maize varieties are available to consumers in several countries in Latin America to contribute to increase the zinc intake of their populations. Minerals, phytic acid and amino acids retention were measured after processing six maize varieties including three high kernel-zinc, one quality protein maize and two conventional maize. Grain for each variety was processed into tortillas, arepas and mazamorra, common maize dishes in the region. To evaluate the effect of processing kernel-zinc maize varieties on zinc retention, varieties were grouped in zinc biofortified maize (ZBM) and non-ZBM. Iron, zinc, phytic acid, tryptophan and lysine concentrations in non-processed maize were 17.1–19.1 μg/g DW, 23.9–33.0 μg/g DW, 9.9–10.0 mg/g DW, 0.06–0.08% and 0.27–0.37%, respectively. In tortillas, the iron, zinc, phytic acid and lysine content did not change (p < 0.05) compared to raw grain, while tryptophan decreased by 32%. True retention of iron in arepas and mazamorra was 43.9 and 60.0%, for zinc 36.8 and 41.3%, and for phytic acid 19.3 and 25.1%. Tortillas had higher zinc retention than arepas and mazamorra due to use of whole grain in the nixtamalization process. Therefore, to contribute to higher zinc intake, nixtamalized tortilla prepared with biofortified zinc maize is recommended. Additionally, promotion of whole grain flour to prepare arepas should be explored to enhance the intake of minerals that are usually confined to aleurone layers and germ. High kernel-zinc maize varieties are available to consumers in several Latin American countries. In nixtamalized tortillas, the iron, zinc, phytic acid and lysine content did not chage compared to raw grain. Nixtamalized tortillas prepared with biofortified zinc maize is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gallego-Castillo
- HarvestPlus, c/o The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, A.A, 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Victor Taleon
- HarvestPlus, c/o International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), 1201 Eye Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20005, USA
| | - Elise F Talsma
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Rosales-Nolasco
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, 56130, 00174, Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, 56130, 00174, Mexico
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Mageto EK, Crossa J, Pérez-Rodríguez P, Dhliwayo T, Palacios-Rojas N, Lee M, Guo R, San Vicente F, Zhang X, Hindu V. Genomic Prediction with Genotype by Environment Interaction Analysis for Kernel Zinc Concentration in Tropical Maize Germplasm. G3 (Bethesda) 2020; 10:2629-2639. [PMID: 32482728 PMCID: PMC7407456 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a major risk factor for human health, affecting about 30% of the world's population. To study the potential of genomic selection (GS) for maize with increased Zn concentration, an association panel and two doubled haploid (DH) populations were evaluated in three environments. Three genomic prediction models, M (M1: Environment + Line, M2: Environment + Line + Genomic, and M3: Environment + Line + Genomic + Genomic x Environment) incorporating main effects (lines and genomic) and the interaction between genomic and environment (G x E) were assessed to estimate the prediction ability (rMP ) for each model. Two distinct cross-validation (CV) schemes simulating two genomic prediction breeding scenarios were used. CV1 predicts the performance of newly developed lines, whereas CV2 predicts the performance of lines tested in sparse multi-location trials. Predictions for Zn in CV1 ranged from -0.01 to 0.56 for DH1, 0.04 to 0.50 for DH2 and -0.001 to 0.47 for the association panel. For CV2, rMP values ranged from 0.67 to 0.71 for DH1, 0.40 to 0.56 for DH2 and 0.64 to 0.72 for the association panel. The genomic prediction model which included G x E had the highest average rMP for both CV1 (0.39 and 0.44) and CV2 (0.71 and 0.51) for the association panel and DH2 population, respectively. These results suggest that GS has potential to accelerate breeding for enhanced kernel Zn concentration by facilitating selection of superior genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna K Mageto
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Jose Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco CP 56237, Mexico
| | - Paulino Pérez-Rodríguez
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Department of Statistics and Computer Sciences, Montecillos, Edo. De México 56230, México
| | - Thanda Dhliwayo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco CP 56237, Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco CP 56237, Mexico
| | - Michael Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011,
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, China, and
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco CP 56237, Mexico
| | - Félix San Vicente
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco CP 56237, Mexico
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), El Batan, Texcoco CP 56237, Mexico
| | - Vemuri Hindu
- Asia Regional Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324, India
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Tanumihardjo SA, McCulley L, Roh R, Lopez-Ridaura S, Palacios-Rojas N, Gunaratna NS. Maize agro-food systems to ensure food and nutrition security in reference to the Sustainable Development Goals. Global Food Security 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Palacios-Rojas N, McCulley L, Kaeppler M, Titcomb TJ, Gunaratna NS, Lopez-Ridaura S, Tanumihardjo SA. Mining maize diversity and improving its nutritional aspects within agro-food systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1809-1834. [PMID: 33337075 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Agro-food systems are undergoing rapid innovation in the world and the system's continuum is promoted at different scales with one of the main outcomes to improve nutrition of consumers. Consumer knowledge through educational outreach is important to food and nutrition security and consumer demands guide breeding efforts. Maize is an important part of food systems. It is a staple food and together with rice and wheat, they provide 60% of the world's caloric intake. In addition to being a major contributor to global food and nutrition security, maize forms an important part of the culinary culture in many areas of Africa, the Americas, and Asia. Maize genetics are being exploited to improve human nutrition with the ultimate outcome of improving overall health. By impacting the health of maize consumers, market opportunities will be opened for maize producers with unique genotypes. Although maize is a great source of macronutrients, it is also a source of many micronutrients and phytochemicals purported to confer health benefits. The process of biofortification through traditional plant breeding has increased the protein, provitamin A carotenoid, and zinc contents of maize. The objective of this paper is to review the innovations developed and promoted to improve the nutritional profiles of maize and outcomes of the maize agro-food system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura McCulley
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Mikayla Kaeppler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tyler J Titcomb
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Ekpa O, Palacios-Rojas N, Rosales A, Renzetti S, Fogliano V, Linnemann AR. Genotype selection influences the quality of gluten-free bread from maize. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Prasanna BM, Palacios-Rojas N, Hossain F, Muthusamy V, Menkir A, Dhliwayo T, Ndhlela T, San Vicente F, Nair SK, Vivek BS, Zhang X, Olsen M, Fan X. Molecular Breeding for Nutritionally Enriched Maize: Status and Prospects. Front Genet 2020; 10:1392. [PMID: 32153628 PMCID: PMC7046684 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is a major source of food security and economic development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Latin America, and the Caribbean, and is among the top three cereal crops in Asia. Yet, maize is deficient in certain essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Biofortified maize cultivars enriched with essential minerals and vitamins could be particularly impactful in rural areas with limited access to diversified diet, dietary supplements, and fortified foods. Significant progress has been made in developing, testing, and deploying maize cultivars biofortified with quality protein maize (QPM), provitamin A, and kernel zinc. In this review, we outline the status and prospects of developing nutritionally enriched maize by successfully harnessing conventional and molecular marker-assisted breeding, highlighting the need for intensification of efforts to create greater impacts on malnutrition in maize-consuming populations, especially in the low- and middle-income countries. Molecular marker-assisted selection methods are particularly useful for improving nutritional traits since conventional breeding methods are relatively constrained by the cost and throughput of nutritional trait phenotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Firoz Hossain
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Vignesh Muthusamy
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India
| | - Abebe Menkir
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mike Olsen
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Xingming Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (YAAS), Kunming, China
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13
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Guo R, Dhliwayo T, Mageto EK, Palacios-Rojas N, Lee M, Yu D, Ruan Y, Zhang A, San Vicente F, Olsen M, Crossa J, Prasanna BM, Zhang L, Zhang X. Genomic Prediction of Kernel Zinc Concentration in Multiple Maize Populations Using Genotyping-by-Sequencing and Repeat Amplification Sequencing Markers. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:534. [PMID: 32457778 PMCID: PMC7225839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Enriching of kernel zinc (Zn) concentration in maize is one of the most effective ways to solve the problem of Zn deficiency in low and middle income countries where maize is the major staple food, and 17% of the global population is affected with Zn deficiency. Genomic selection (GS) has shown to be an effective approach to accelerate genetic gains in plant breeding. In the present study, an association-mapping panel and two maize double-haploid (DH) populations, both genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and repeat amplification sequencing (rAmpSeq) markers, were used to estimate the genomic prediction accuracy of kernel Zn concentration in maize. Results showed that the prediction accuracy of two DH populations was higher than that of the association mapping population using the same set of markers. The prediction accuracy estimated with the GBS markers was significantly higher than that estimated with the rAmpSeq markers in the same population. The maximum prediction accuracy with minimum standard error was observed when half of the genotypes were included in the training set and 3,000 and 500 markers were used for prediction in the association mapping panel and the DH populations, respectively. Appropriate levels of minor allele frequency and missing rate should be considered and selected to achieve good prediction accuracy and reduce the computation burden by balancing the number of markers and marker quality. Training set development with broad phenotypic variation is possible to improve prediction accuracy. The transferability of the GS models across populations was assessed, the prediction accuracies in a few pairwise populations were above or close to 0.20, which indicates the prediction accuracies across years and populations have to be assessed in a larger breeding dataset with closer relationship between the training and prediction sets in further studies. GS outperformed MAS (marker-assisted-selection) on predicting the kernel Zn concentration in maize, the decision of a breeding strategy to implement GS individually or to implement MAS and GS stepwise for improving kernel Zn concentration in maize requires further research. Results of this study provide valuable information for understanding how to implement GS for improving kernel Zn concentration in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Thanda Dhliwayo
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Edna K. Mageto
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Michael Lee
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Diansi Yu
- CIMMYT-China Specialty Maize Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Crop Breeding and Cultivation Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanye Ruan
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Felix San Vicente
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Michael Olsen
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jose Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Lijun Zhang
- College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Zhang,
| | - Xuecai Zhang
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
- Xuecai Zhang,
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Ekpa O, Palacios-Rojas N, Kruseman G, Fogliano V, Linnemann AR. Sub-Saharan African Maize-Based Foods - Processing Practices, Challenges and Opportunities. Food Reviews International 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2019.1588290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onu Ekpa
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Gideon Kruseman
- Socio-Economics Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Vincenzo Fogliano
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita R. Linnemann
- Food Quality and Design Group, Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Suwarno WB, Hannok P, Palacios-Rojas N, Windham G, Crossa J, Pixley KV. Provitamin A Carotenoids in Grain Reduce Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize While Combating Vitamin A Deficiency. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:30. [PMID: 30778360 PMCID: PMC6369730 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination of maize grain and products causes serious health problems for consumers worldwide, and especially in low- and middle-income countries where monitoring and safety standards are inconsistently implemented. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) also compromises the health of millions of maize consumers in several regions of the world including large parts of sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated whether provitamin A (proVA) enriched maize can simultaneously contribute to alleviate both of these health concerns. We studied aflatoxin accumulation in grain of 120 maize hybrids formed by crossing 3 Aspergillus flavus resistant and three susceptible lines with 20 orange maize lines with low to high carotenoids concentrations. The hybrids were grown in replicated, artificially-inoculated field trials at five environments. Grain of hybrids with larger concentrations of beta-carotene (BC), beta-cryptoxanthin (BCX) and total proVA had significantly less aflatoxin contamination than hybrids with lower carotenoids concentrations. Aflatoxin contamination had negative genetic correlation with BCX (-0.28, p < 0.01), BC (-0.18, p < 0.05), and proVA (-0.23, p < 0.05). The relative ease of breeding for increased proVA carotenoid concentrations as compared to breeding for aflatoxin resistance in maize suggests using the former as a component of strategies to combat aflatoxin contamination problems for maize. Our findings indicate that proVA enriched maize can be particularly beneficial where the health burdens of exposure to aflatoxin and prevalence of VAD converge with high rates of maize consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy B. Suwarno
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Pattama Hannok
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Gary Windham
- Corn Host Plant Resistance Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - José Crossa
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Kevin V. Pixley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Texcoco, Mexico
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Titcomb TJ, Sheftel J, Sowa M, Gannon BM, Davis CR, Palacios-Rojas N, Tanumihardjo SA. β-Cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin are highly bioavailable from whole-grain and refined biofortified orange maize in humans with optimal vitamin A status: a randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108:793-802. [PMID: 30321275 PMCID: PMC8483000 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biofortification of staple crops with β-carotene is a strategy to reduce vitamin A deficiency, and several varieties are available in some African countries. β-Cryptoxanthin (BCX)-enhanced maize is currently in field trials. To our knowledge, maize BCX bioavailability has not been assessed in humans. Serum retinol 13C content and xanthophyll concentrations are proposed effectiveness biomarkers for biofortified maize adoption. Objective We determined the relative difference in BCX and zeaxanthin bioavailability from whole-grain and refined BCX-biofortified maize during chronic feeding compared with white maize and evaluated short-term changes in 13C-abundance in serum retinol. Design After a 7-d washout, 9 adults (mean ± SD age: 23.4 ± 2.3 y; 5 men) were provided with muffins made from BCX-enhanced whole-grain orange maize (WGOM), refined orange maize (ROM), or refined white maize (RWM) for 12 d in a randomized, blinded, crossover study followed by a 7-d washout. Blood was drawn on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 19. Carotenoid areas under the curve (AUCs) were compared by using a fixed-effects model. 13C-Abundance in serum retinol was determined by using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope-ratio mass spectrometry on days 0, 12, and 19. Vitamin A status was determined by 13C-retinol isotope dilution postintervention. Results The serum BCX AUC was significantly higher for WGOM (1.70 ± 0.63 μmol ⋅ L-1 ⋅ d) and ROM (1.66 ± 1.08 μmol ⋅ L-1 ⋅ d) than for RWM (-0.06 ± 0.13 μmol ⋅ L-1 ⋅ d; P < 0.003). A greater increase occurred in serum BCX from WGOM muffins (131%) than from ROM muffins (108%) (P ≤ 0.003). Zeaxanthin AUCs were higher for WGOM (0.94 ± 0.33) and ROM (0.96 ± 0.47) than for RWM (0.05 ± 0.12 μmol ⋅ L-1 ⋅ d; P < 0.003). The intervention did not affect predose serum retinol 13C-abundance. Vitamin A status was within an optimal range (defined as 0.1-0.7 μmol/g liver). Conclusions BCX and zeaxanthin were highly bioavailable from BCX-biofortified maize. The adoption of BCX maize could positively affect consumers' BCX and zeaxanthin intakes and associated health benefits. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02800408.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Titcomb
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jesse Sheftel
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Margaret Sowa
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Bryan M Gannon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Christopher R Davis
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,Address correspondence to SAT (e-mail: )
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Cabrera-Soto L, Pixley KV, Rosales-Nolasco A, Galicia-Flores LA, Palacios-Rojas N. Carotenoid and Tocochromanol Profiles during Kernel Development Make Consumption of Biofortified "Fresh" Maize an Option to Improve Micronutrient Nutrition. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:9391-9398. [PMID: 30130402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification is a strategy to reduce micronutrient malnutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of biofortified fresh maize can supply nutritionally meaningful amounts of provitamin A carotenoids (PVA), zinc, lysine, and tryptophan. The accumulation patterns for PVA and tocochromanol compounds in developing grain of 23 PVA hybrids was studied, and nutritionally meaningful amounts of those compounds were found in grain by milk stage, when fresh maize is eaten. The highest PVA and tocochromanol accumulation occurred by physiological maturity. The percent apparent retention in boiled fresh maize was 92%, 117%, 99%, and 66% for PVA, zinc, lysine, and tryptophan, respectively. Consumption of 0.5 to 2 ears of fresh maize daily could supply 33-62.2%, 11-24% and more than 85% of the estimated average requirement of PVA, tryptophan, and zinc, respectively. The results indicate that eating biofortified fresh maize can contribute to improved micronutrient nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Cabrera-Soto
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
| | - Kevin V Pixley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
| | - Aldo Rosales-Nolasco
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
| | - Luis A Galicia-Flores
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
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18
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Heying EK, Ziemer KL, Tanumihardjo JP, Palacios-Rojas N, Tanumihardjo SA. β-Cryptoxanthin-Biofortified Hen Eggs Enhance Vitamin A Status When Fed to Male Mongolian Gerbils. J Nutr 2018; 148:1236-1243. [PMID: 30137479 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of provitamin A carotenoid biofortified crops, such as maize, supports vitamin A (VA) status in animals and humans. Laying hens that consume β-cryptoxanthin-biofortified maize deposit β-cryptoxanthin into egg yolk. Objective We investigated whether β-cryptoxanthin-biofortified egg consumption would affect VA status of male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) compared with white-yolked eggs. Methods β-Cryptoxanthin-biofortified egg yolk, produced in hens fed biofortified orange maize or tangerine-fortified maize feeds, was freeze-dried and fed to gerbils. White-yolked eggs were produced by feeding white maize to hens. Gerbils (n = 57) were fed VA-deficient feed for 28 d. After baseline (n = 7), treatments (n = 10/group) included oil control (VA-); 16.7% orange maize-biofortified, tangerine-fortified, or white-yolk egg feeds; or retinyl acetate as positive control (VA+) matched to daily preformed retinol intake from the eggs for 30 d. Preformed retinol did not differ between the egg yolks. Gerbil liver retinol, lipid, fatty acids, and cholesterol were determined. Results Liver retinol concentration (0.13 ± 0.03 µmol/g) and total hepatic VA (0.52 ± 0.12 µmol) were higher in gerbils fed orange maize-biofortified eggs than in all other groups. The VA- group was severely VA deficient (0.018 ±0.010 µmol/g; P < 0.05). Liver retinol was similar among VA+, tangerine-egg-, and white-egg-fed gerbils, but retinol reserves were higher in tangerine-egg-fed gerbils (0.35 ± 0.11 μmol) than in VA+ or VA- gerbils or at baseline (P < 0.05). Liver fat was 3.6 times (P < 0.0001) and cholesterol was 2.1 times (P < 0.004) higher in egg-fed groups that experienced hepatosteatosis. Liver fatty acid profiles reflected feed, but retinyl ester fatty acids did not. Conclusions The preformed retinol in the eggs enhanced gerbil VA status, and the β-cryptoxanthin-biofortified eggs from hens fed orange maize prevented deficiency. Biofortified maize can enhance VA status when consumed directly or through products from livestock fed orange maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Heying
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kaitlin Leary Ziemer
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jacob P Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | | | - Sherry A Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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19
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Hindu V, Palacios-Rojas N, Babu R, Suwarno WB, Rashid Z, Usha R, Saykhedkar GR, Nair SK. Identification and validation of genomic regions influencing kernel zinc and iron in maize. Theor Appl Genet 2018; 131:1443-1457. [PMID: 29574570 PMCID: PMC6004279 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3089-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genome-wide association study (GWAS) on 923 maize lines and validation in bi-parental populations identified significant genomic regions for kernel-Zinc and-Iron in maize. Bio-fortification of maize with elevated Zinc (Zn) and Iron (Fe) holds considerable promise for alleviating under-nutrition among the world's poor. Bio-fortification through molecular breeding could be an economical strategy for developing nutritious maize, and hence in this study, we adopted GWAS to identify markers associated with high kernel-Zn and Fe in maize and subsequently validated marker-trait associations in independent bi-parental populations. For GWAS, we evaluated a diverse maize association mapping panel of 923 inbred lines across three environments and detected trait associations using high-density Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) obtained through genotyping-by-sequencing. Phenotyping trials of the GWAS panel showed high heritability and moderate correlation between kernel-Zn and Fe concentrations. GWAS revealed a total of 46 SNPs (Zn-20 and Fe-26) significantly associated (P ≤ 5.03 × 10-05) with kernel-Zn and Fe concentrations with some of these associated SNPs located within previously reported QTL intervals for these traits. Three double-haploid (DH) populations were developed using lines identified from the panel that were contrasting for these micronutrients. The DH populations were phenotyped at two environments and were used for validating significant SNPs (P ≤ 1 × 10-03) based on single marker QTL analysis. Based on this analysis, 11 (Zn) and 11 (Fe) SNPs were found to have significant effect on the trait variance (P ≤ 0.01, R2 ≥ 0.05) in at least one bi-parental population. These findings are being pursued in the kernel-Zn and Fe breeding program, and could hold great value in functional analysis and possible cloning of high-value genes for these traits in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vemuri Hindu
- Asia Regional Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
- Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women’s University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, 56130 Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Raman Babu
- Asia Regional Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
- Present Address: Multi-Crop Research Center (MCRC), DuPont Pioneer, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078 India
| | - Willy B. Suwarno
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, 56130 Texcoco, Mexico
- Present Address: Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Zerka Rashid
- Asia Regional Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
| | - Rayalcheruvu Usha
- Sri Padmavati Mahila Visvavidyalayam (Women’s University), Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517502 India
| | - Gajanan R Saykhedkar
- Asia Regional Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
- Present Address: Project Director, SPMESM, Dr. Hedgewar Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431005 India
| | - Sudha K. Nair
- Asia Regional Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), ICRISAT Campus, Patancheru, Hyderabad, Telangana 502324 India
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20
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Ekpa O, Palacios-Rojas N, Kruseman G, Fogliano V, Linnemann AR. Sub-Saharan African maize-based foods: Technological perspectives to increase the food and nutrition security impacts of maize breeding programmes. Global Food Security 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Sowa M, Yu J, Palacios-Rojas N, Goltz SR, Howe JA, Davis CR, Rocheford T, Tanumihardjo SA. Retention of Carotenoids in Biofortified Maize Flour and β-Cryptoxanthin-Enhanced Eggs after Household Cooking. ACS Omega 2017; 2:7320-7328. [PMID: 31457305 PMCID: PMC6645162 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification of crops to enhance provitamin A carotenoids is a strategy to increase the intake where vitamin A deficiency presents a widespread problem. Heat, light, and oxygen cause isomerization and oxidation of carotenoids, reducing provitamin A activity. Understanding provitamin A retention is important for assessing efficacy of biofortified foods. Retention of carotenoids in high-xanthophyll and high-β-carotene maize was assessed after a long-term storage at three temperatures. Carotenoid retention in high-β-cryptoxanthin maize was determined in muffins, non-nixtamalized tortillas, porridge, and fried puffs made from whole-grain and sifted flour. Retention in eggs from hens fed high-β-cryptoxanthin maize was assessed after frying, scrambling, boiling, and microwaving. Loss during storage in maize was accelerated with increasing temperature and affected by genotype. Boiling whole-grain maize into porridge resulted in the highest retention of all cooking and sifting methods (112%). Deep-fried maize and scrambled eggs had the lowest carotenoid retention rates of 67-78 and 84-86%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Sowa
- Interdepartmental
Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Linden Dr., 53706 Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Jiaoying Yu
- Interdepartmental
Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Linden Dr., 53706 Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- Global
Maize Program, International Center for
Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT), Km 45, Carr. Mex-Veracruz, Col. El Batan, 56130 Texcoco, Edo. De Mexico, Mexico
| | - Shellen R. Goltz
- Interdepartmental
Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Linden Dr., 53706 Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Julie A. Howe
- Interdepartmental
Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Linden Dr., 53706 Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Christopher R. Davis
- Interdepartmental
Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Linden Dr., 53706 Madison, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Torbert Rocheford
- Department
of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, AW-101 Turner Hall, MC046, 1102 S. Goodwin Avenue, 61801 Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental
Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1415 Linden Dr., 53706 Madison, Wisconsin, United States
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22
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Taleon V, Mugode L, Cabrera-Soto L, Palacios-Rojas N. Carotenoid retention in biofortified maize using different post-harvest storage and packaging methods. Food Chem 2017; 232:60-66. [PMID: 28490117 PMCID: PMC5437647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.03.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Degradation rate of βCX was 51% lower than βC during storage of orange maize grain. Grain storage methods with 16% oxygen level reduced carotenoid degradation by 9.1%. Orange maize is an alternative to improve vitamin A status of deficient populations.
Orange maize is being promoted as a source of provitamin A carotenoids (pVAC) in Zambia. Carotenoid retention in orange maize grains stored in metal silos, multilayer polyethylene and common woven bags, and maize meal packaged in single and multilayer polyethylene bags was evaluated. Significant differences in total pVAC retention were found between grain storage methods (48.1–57.2%) after 6 months of storage. Total pVAC retention in hammer meal (73.1–73.5%) was higher than in breakfast meal (64.3–69.3%) after 4 months of storage; however, no differences in pVAC retention were found between meal types when stored in single and multilayer polyethylene bags. In general, β-cryptoxanthin (βCX) had higher retention than β-carotene (βC). Potential contribution of stored orange maize to the estimated average requirement of children and women was 26.5% and 24.3%, respectively. Orange maize meal can provide significant amounts of provitamin A to diets of Zambians even after 4 months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Taleon
- HarvestPlus, c/o IFPRI 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006-1002, USA.
| | - Luke Mugode
- Department of Food Science, Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Luisa Cabrera-Soto
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station, Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco CP 56237, Edo. de México, Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station, Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco CP 56237, Edo. de México, Mexico
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Muzhingi T, Palacios-Rojas N, Miranda A, Cabrera ML, Yeum KJ, Tang G. Genetic variation of carotenoids, vitamin E and phenolic compounds in Provitamin A biofortified maize. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:793-801. [PMID: 27173638 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofortified maize is not only a good vehicle for provitamin A carotenoids for vitamin A deficient populations in developing countries but also a source of vitamin E, tocochromanols and phenolic compounds, which have antioxidant properties. Using high-performance liquid chromatography and a total antioxidant performance assay, the present study analyzed the antioxidant variation and antioxidant activity of 36 provitamin A improved maize hybrids and one common yellow maize hybrid. RESULTS The ranges of major carotenoids in provitamin A carotenoids biofortified maize were zeaxanthin [1.2-13.2 µg g-1 dry weight (DW)], β-cryptoxanthin (1.3-8.8 µg g-1 DW) and β-carotene (1.3-8.0 µg g-1 DW). The ranges of vitamin E compounds identified in provitamin A carotenoids biofortified maize were α-tocopherol (3.4-34.3 µg g-1 DW), γ-tocopherol (5.9-54.4 µg g-1 DW), α-tocotrienol (2.6-19.5 µg g-1 DW) and γ-tocotrienol (45.4 µg g-1 DW). The ranges of phenolic compounds were γ-oryzanol (0.0-0.8 mg g-1 DW), ferulic acid (0.4-3.6 mg g-1 DW) and p-coumaric acid (0.1-0.45 mg g-1 DW). There was significant correlation between α-tocopherol and cis isomers of β-carotene (P < 0.01). Tocotrienols were correlated with α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Genotype was significant in determining the variation in β-cryptoxanthin, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol contents (P < 0.01). A genotype × environment interaction was observed for γ-tocopherol content (P < 0.01). © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawanda Muzhingi
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station, Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, 56130, 00174, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Miranda
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station, Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, 56130, 00174, Mexico
| | - Maria L Cabrera
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station, Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, 56130, 00174, Mexico
| | - Kyung-J Yeum
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Glocal Campus, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 380-701, South Korea
| | - Guangwen Tang
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Gerald J. and Dorothy R. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
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Rosales A, Agama-Acevedo E, Arturo Bello-Pérez L, Gutiérrez-Dorado R, Palacios-Rojas N. Effect of Traditional and Extrusion Nixtamalization on Carotenoid Retention in Tortillas Made from Provitamin A Biofortified Maize (Zea mays L.). J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:8289-8295. [PMID: 27758103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Provitamin A (proVA) enhanced maize was developed to help alleviate vitamin A deficiency in maize-consuming populations. Nixtamalization (lime-cooking process) is the most commonly used maize-preparation method in Mexico and Central America. In this study, the effect of traditional nixtamalization (TN) and nixtamalized extrusion (NE) on proVA retention was evaluated. Kernel conversion to TN dough led to high proVA apparent retention (>100%), while kernel conversion to NE flour led to lower retention (85%). However, TN tortilla proVA carotenoid concentration was similar to the kernels' original concentration and slightly higher in NE tortillas. Genotypic variation has a strong effect on proVA retention in TN dough and NE flour, but no such variation in proVA retention was observed in tortillas. Tortillas prepared with proVA-enhanced maize, using either TN or NE, are a good source of proVA carotenoids. Also, dough made using TN and proVA-enhanced maize is a high proVA-content ingredient for other food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Rosales
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Kilometer 8.5 Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Colonia San Isidro, Apartado Postal 24, 62731 Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, CP 56237, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Edith Agama-Acevedo
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Kilometer 8.5 Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Colonia San Isidro, Apartado Postal 24, 62731 Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Luis Arturo Bello-Pérez
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Kilometer 8.5 Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla, Colonia San Isidro, Apartado Postal 24, 62731 Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Roberto Gutiérrez-Dorado
- Programa Regional del Noroeste para el Doctorado en Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa , Culiacán, Sinaloa 80010, Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batan, Texcoco, CP 56237, Estado de México, Mexico
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25
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Obata T, Witt S, Lisec J, Palacios-Rojas N, Florez-Sarasa I, Yousfi S, Araus JL, Cairns JE, Fernie AR. Metabolite Profiles of Maize Leaves in Drought, Heat, and Combined Stress Field Trials Reveal the Relationship between Metabolism and Grain Yield. Plant Physiol 2015; 169:2665-83. [PMID: 26424159 PMCID: PMC4677906 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The development of abiotic stress-resistant cultivars is of premium importance for the agriculture of developing countries. Further progress in maize (Zea mays) performance under stresses is expected by combining marker-assisted breeding with metabolite markers. In order to dissect metabolic responses and to identify promising metabolite marker candidates, metabolite profiles of maize leaves were analyzed and compared with grain yield in field trials. Plants were grown under well-watered conditions (control) or exposed to drought, heat, and both stresses simultaneously. Trials were conducted in 2010 and 2011 using 10 tropical hybrids selected to exhibit diverse abiotic stress tolerance. Drought stress evoked the accumulation of many amino acids, including isoleucine, valine, threonine, and 4-aminobutanoate, which has been commonly reported in both field and greenhouse experiments in many plant species. Two photorespiratory amino acids, glycine and serine, and myoinositol also accumulated under drought. The combination of drought and heat evoked relatively few specific responses, and most of the metabolic changes were predictable from the sum of the responses to individual stresses. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlation between levels of glycine and myoinositol and grain yield under drought. Levels of myoinositol in control conditions were also related to grain yield under drought. Furthermore, multiple linear regression models very well explained the variation of grain yield via the combination of several metabolites. These results indicate the importance of photorespiration and raffinose family oligosaccharide metabolism in grain yield under drought and suggest single or multiple metabolites as potential metabolic markers for the breeding of abiotic stress-tolerant maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
| | - Sandra Witt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
| | - Jan Lisec
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
| | - Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
| | - Salima Yousfi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
| | - Jill E Cairns
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.O., S.W., J.L., I.F.-S., A.R.F.);International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Kilometer 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico 56130 (N.P.-R.);Department de Biologia Vegetal, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (S.Y., J.L.A.); andInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Southern Africa Regional Office, Harare, Zimbabwe (J.E.C.)
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Suwarno WB, Pixley KV, Palacios-Rojas N, Kaeppler SM, Babu R. Genome-wide association analysis reveals new targets for carotenoid biofortification in maize. Theor Appl Genet 2015; 128:851-64. [PMID: 25690716 PMCID: PMC4544543 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Genome-wide association analysis in CIMMYT's association panel revealed new favorable native genomic variations in/nearby important genes such as hydroxylases and CCD1 that have potential for carotenoid biofortification in maize. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been used extensively to identify allelic variation for genes controlling important agronomic and nutritional traits in plants. Provitamin A (proVA) enhancing alleles of lycopene epsilon cyclase (LCYE) and β-carotene hydroxylase 1 (CRTRB1), previously identified through candidate-gene based GWAS, are currently used in CIMMYT's maize breeding program. The objective of this study was to identify genes or genomic regions controlling variation for carotenoid concentrations in grain for CIMMYT's carotenoid association mapping panel of 380 inbred maize lines, using high-density genome-wide platforms with ~476,000 SNP markers. Population structure effects were minimized by adjustments using principal components and kinship matrix with mixed models. Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis indicated faster LD decay (3.9 kb; r (2) = 0.1) than commonly reported for temperate germplasm, and therefore the possibility of achieving higher mapping resolution with our mostly tropical diversity panel. GWAS for various carotenoids identified CRTRB1, LCYE and other key genes or genomic regions that govern rate-critical steps in the upstream pathway, such as DXS1, GGPS1, and GGPS2 that are known to play important roles in the accumulation of precursor isoprenoids as well as downstream genes HYD5, CCD1, and ZEP1, which are involved in hydroxylation and carotenoid degradation. SNPs at or near all of these regions were identified and may be useful target regions for carotenoid biofortification breeding efforts in maize; for example a genomic region on chromosome 2 explained ~16% of the phenotypic variance for β-carotene independently of CRTRB1, and a variant of CCD1 that resulted in reduced β-cryptoxanthin degradation was found in lines that have previously been observed to have low proVA degradation rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy B. Suwarno
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680 Indonesia
| | - Kevin V. Pixley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico, 56130 Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico, 56130 Mexico
| | - Shawn M. Kaeppler
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1575 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53705 USA
| | - Raman Babu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Mexico, 56130 Mexico
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27
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Heying EK, Tanumihardjo JP, Vasic V, Cook M, Palacios-Rojas N, Tanumihardjo SA. Biofortified orange maize enhances β-cryptoxanthin concentrations in egg yolks of laying hens better than tangerine peel fortificant. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:11892-900. [PMID: 25393127 DOI: 10.1021/jf5037195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The xanthophyll β-cryptoxanthin provides vitamin A and has other purported health benefits. Laying hens deposit xanthophyll carotenoids into egg yolk. Hens (n = 8/group) were fed conventional-bred high β-cryptoxanthin biofortified (orange) maize, tangerine peel-fortified white maize, lutein-fortified yellow maize, or white maize for 40 d to investigate yolk color changes using L*a*b* scales, yolk carotenoid enhancement, and hen vitamin A status. Yolks from hens fed orange maize had scores indicating a darker, orange color and mean higher β-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene concentrations (8.43 ± 1.82, 23.1 ± 4.8, 0.16 ± 0.08 nmol/g, respectively) than other treatments (P < 0.0001). Yolk retinol concentrations (mean: 14.4 ± 3.42 nmol/g) were similar among groups and decreased with time (P < 0.0001). Hens fed orange maize had higher liver retinol (0.53 ± 0.20 μmol/g liver) than other groups (P < 0.0001). β-Cryptoxanthin-biofortified eggs could be another choice for consumers, providing enhanced color through a provitamin A carotenoid and supporting eggs' status as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Heying
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Nutritional Sciences, ‡Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Schmaelzle S, Gannon B, Crawford S, Arscott SA, Goltz S, Palacios-Rojas N, Pixley KV, Simon PW, Tanumihardjo SA. Maize genotype and food matrix affect the provitamin A carotenoid bioefficacy from staple and carrot-fortified feeds in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:136-43. [PMID: 24341827 PMCID: PMC4125541 DOI: 10.1021/jf403548w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification to increase provitamin A carotenoids is an agronomic approach to alleviate vitamin A deficiency. Two studies compared biofortified foods using in vitro and in vivo methods. Study 1 screened maize genotypes (n = 44) using in vitro analysis, which demonstrated decreasing micellarization with increasing provitamin A. Thereafter, seven 50% biofortified maize feeds that hypothesized a one-to-one equivalency between β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene were fed to Mongolian gerbils. Total liver retinol differed among the maize groups (P = 0.0043). Study 2 assessed provitamin A bioefficacy from 0.5% high-carotene carrots added to 60% staple-food feeds, followed by in vitro screening. Liver retinol was highest in the potato and banana groups, maize group retinol did not differ from baseline, and all treatments differed from control (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene have similar bioefficacy; meal matrix effects influence provitamin A absorption from carrot; and in vitro micellarization does not predict bioefficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Schmaelzle
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Bryan Gannon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Serra Crawford
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sara A. Arscott
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Shellen Goltz
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | | | - Kevin V. Pixley
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT),
Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Philipp W. Simon
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
| | - Sherry A. Tanumihardjo
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences,
University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706
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Miranda A, Vásquez-Carrillo G, García-Lara S, San Vicente F, Torres JL, Ortiz-Islas S, Salinas-Moreno Y, Palacios-Rojas N. Influence of genotype and environmental adaptation into the maize grain quality traits for nixtamalization. CyTA - Journal of Food 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2013.763862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zhang X, Pfeiffer WH, Palacios-Rojas N, Babu R, Bouis H, Wang J. Probability of success of breeding strategies for improving pro-vitamin A content in maize. Theor Appl Genet 2012; 125:235-46. [PMID: 22450859 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-012-1828-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification for pro-vitamin A content (pVAC) of modern maize inbreds and hybrids is a feasible way to deal with vitamin A deficiency in rural areas in developing countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate the probability of success of breeding strategies when transferring the high pVAC present in donors to elite modern-adapted lines. For this purpose, a genetic model was built based on previous genetic studies, and different selection schemes including phenotypic selection (PS) and marker-assisted selection (MAS) were simulated and compared. MAS for simultaneously selecting all pVAC genes and a combined scheme for selecting two major pVAC genes by MAS followed by ultra performance liquid chromatography screening for the remaining genetic variation on pVAC were identified as being most effective and cost-efficient. The two schemes have 83.7 and 84.8% probabilities of achieving a predefined breeding target on pVAC and adaptation in one breeding cycle under the current breeding scale. When the breeding scale is increased by making 50% more crosses, the probability values could reach 94.8 and 95.1% for the two schemes. Under fixed resources, larger early generation populations with fewer crosses had similar breeding efficiency to smaller early generation populations with more crosses. Breeding on a larger scale was more efficient both genetically and economically. The approach presented in this study could be used as a general way in quantifying probability of success and comparing different breeding schemes in other breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecai Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, and CIMMYT China Office, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhongguancun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
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Witt S, Galicia L, Lisec J, Cairns J, Tiessen A, Araus JL, Palacios-Rojas N, Fernie AR. Metabolic and phenotypic responses of greenhouse-grown maize hybrids to experimentally controlled drought stress. Mol Plant 2012; 5:401-17. [PMID: 22180467 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssr102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to abiotic stresses like drought is an important acquirement of agriculturally relevant crops like maize. Development of enhanced drought tolerance in crops grown in climatic zones where drought is a very dominant stress factor therefore plays an essential role in plant breeding. Previous studies demonstrated that corn yield potential and enhanced stress tolerance are associated traits. In this study, we analyzed six different maize hybrids for their ability to deal with drought stress in a greenhouse experiment. We were able to combine data from morphophysiological parameters measured under well-watered conditions and under water restriction with metabolic data from different organs. These different organs possessed distinct metabolite compositions, with the leaf blade displaying the most considerable metabolome changes following water deficiency. Whilst we could show a general increase in metabolite levels under drought stress, including changes in amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, and intermediates of the TCA cycle, these changes were not differential between maize hybrids that had previously been designated based on field trial data as either drought-tolerant or susceptible. The fact that data described here resulted from a greenhouse experiment with rather different growth conditions compared to natural ones in the field may explain why tolerance groups could not be confirmed in this study. We were, however, able to highlight several metabolites that displayed conserved responses to drought as well as metabolites whose levels correlated well with certain physiological traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Witt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Rosales A, Galicia L, Oviedo E, Islas C, Palacios-Rojas N. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for protein, tryptophan, and lysine evaluation in quality protein maize (QPM) breeding programs. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:10781-6. [PMID: 21919454 DOI: 10.1021/jf201468x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Quality protein maize (QPM) has approximately twice the tryptophan (Trp) and lysine (Lys) concentrations in protein compared to normal maize. Because several genetic systems control the protein quality of QPM, it is essential to regularly monitor Trp and/or Lys in breeding programs. Our objective was to examine the potential of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to enhance the efficiency of QPM research efforts by partially replacing more expensive and time-consuming wet chemistry analysis. More than 276 maize samples were used to develop NIRS models for protein content (PC), Trp, and Lys. The standard error of prediction (SEP) for the calibration and the coefficient of determination for validation (R(2)(v)) were 0.26 and 0.96 for PC, 0.005 and 0.85 for Trp, and 0.02 and 0.75 for Lys. When the NIRS models were used to evaluate 266 S2 lines from five QPM breeding populations, the coefficients of determination between NIRS and the chemical data were 0.94, 0.76, and 0.80 for PC, Trp, and Lys, respectively. Therefore, the NIRS models can be used to support the QPM breeding efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Rosales
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico
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Vázquez-Carrillo G, García-Lara S, Salinas-Moreno Y, Bergvinson DJ, Palacios-Rojas N. Grain and tortilla quality in landraces and improved maize grown in the highlands of Mexico. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2011; 66:203-208. [PMID: 21611770 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-011-0231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The maize produced in the highlands of Mexico (>2,400 masl) is generally not accepted by the flour and masa and tortilla industry. The objective of this work was to evaluate the grain quality and tortilla properties of maize landraces commonly grown in the highlands of Mexico and compare them with improved germplasm (hybrids). Germplasm analysis included 11 landraces, 32 white hybrids, and six yellow hybrids. Grain quality was analyzed for a range of physical and chemical factors, as well as for alkaline cooking quality. Landrace grains tended to be heterogeneous in terms of size, hardness and color. All landraces had soft-intermediate grains with an average flotation index (FI) of 61%. In contrast, hybrid grains were homogenous in size and color, and harder than landrace grains, with a FI of 38%. Protein, free sugars, oil and phenolic content in landraces were higher than in the hybrids. Significant correlations were found between phenolic content and tortilla color (r= -0.60; p<0.001). Three landraces were identified as appropriate for the masa and tortilla industry, while all the hybrids evaluated fulfilled the requirements of this industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gricelda Vázquez-Carrillo
- Laboratorio de Calidad de Maíz, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental Valle de México, Km 13.5 Carretera Los Reyes-Texcoco, Coatlinchan, Texcoco, 56250, Edo de México, Mexico.
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Cabrera-Bosquet L, Sánchez C, Rosales A, Palacios-Rojas N, Araus JL. Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) assessment of δ(18)O and nitrogen and ash contents for improved yield potential and drought adaptation in maize. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:467-74. [PMID: 21175211 DOI: 10.1021/jf103395z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen isotope composition (δ(18)O), accumulation of minerals (ash content), and nitrogen (N) content in plant tissues have been recently proposed as useful integrative physiological criteria associated with yield potential and drought resistance in maize. This study tested the ability of near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to predict δ(18)O and ash and N contents in leaves and mature kernels of maize. The δ(18)O and ash and N contents were determined in leaf and kernel samples from a set of 15 inbreds and 18 hybrids grown in Mexico under full irrigation and two levels of drought stress. Calibration models between NIRS spectra and the measured variables were developed using modified partial least-squares regressions. Global models (which included inbred lines and hybrids) accurately predicted ash and N contents, whereas prediction of δ(18)O showed lower results. Moreover, in hybrids, NIRS clearly reflected genotypic differences in leaf and kernel ash and N contents within each water treatment. It was concluded that NIRS can be used as a rapid, cost-effective, and accurate method for predicting ash and N contents and as a method for screening δ(18)O in maize with promising applications in crop management and maize breeding programs for improved water and nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality.
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Tallada JG, Palacios-Rojas N, Armstrong PR. Prediction of maize seed attributes using a rapid single kernel near infrared instrument. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Nurit E, Tiessen A, Pixley KV, Palacios-Rojas N. Reliable and inexpensive colorimetric method for determining protein-bound tryptophan in maize kernels. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:7233-7238. [PMID: 19624133 DOI: 10.1021/jf901315x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification programs in maize have led to the development of quality protein maize (QPM) with increased contents of the essential amino acids lysine and tryptophan, and increased nutritional value for protein deficient populations where maize is a staple food. Because multiple genetic systems control and modify the protein quality of QPM, tryptophan or lysine monitoring is required to maximize genetic gain in breeding programs. The objective of this work was to develop an accurate, reliable, and inexpensive method for tryptophan analysis in whole-grain maize flour to support QPM research efforts around the world. Tryptophan reacts with glyoxylic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid and ferric chloride, producing a colored compound that absorbs at 560 nm. A series of experiments varying the reagent concentrations, hydrolysis time, and length of the colorimetric reaction resulted in an optimized protocol which uses 0.1 M glyoxylic acid in 7 N sulfuric acid and 1.8 mM ferric chloride, and 30 min reaction time. This method produced stable and reproducible results for tryptophan concentration in whole-grain maize flour and was validated by comparison with data obtained using an acetic acid-based colorimetric procedure (r(2) = 0.80) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) (r(2) = 0.71). We describe adaptations that permit high throughput application of this tryptophan analysis method using a microplate platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Nurit
- Global Maize Program, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45 via Mexico-Veracruz, Texcoco, Edo de Mexico, Mexico
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Xu Y, Skinner DJ, Wu H, Palacios-Rojas N, Araus JL, Yan J, Gao S, Warburton ML, Crouch JH. Advances in maize genomics and their value for enhancing genetic gains from breeding. Int J Plant Genomics 2009; 2009:957602. [PMID: 19688107 PMCID: PMC2726335 DOI: 10.1155/2009/957602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Maize is an important crop for food, feed, forage, and fuel across tropical and temperate areas of the world. Diversity studies at genetic, molecular, and functional levels have revealed that, tropical maize germplasm, landraces, and wild relatives harbor a significantly wider range of genetic variation. Among all types of markers, SNP markers are increasingly the marker-of-choice for all genomics applications in maize breeding. Genetic mapping has been developed through conventional linkage mapping and more recently through linkage disequilibrium-based association analyses. Maize genome sequencing, initially focused on gene-rich regions, now aims for the availability of complete genome sequence. Conventional insertion mutation-based cloning has been complemented recently by EST- and map-based cloning. Transgenics and nutritional genomics are rapidly advancing fields targeting important agronomic traits including pest resistance and grain quality. Substantial advances have been made in methodologies for genomics-assisted breeding, enhancing progress in yield as well as abiotic and biotic stress resistances. Various genomic databases and informatics tools have been developed, among which MaizeGDB is the most developed and widely used by the maize research community. In the future, more emphasis should be given to the development of tools and strategic germplasm resources for more effective molecular breeding of tropical maize products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbi Xu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Debra J. Skinner
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Huixia Wu
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Jose Luis Araus
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Jianbing Yan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Shibin Gao
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, China
| | - Marilyn L. Warburton
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
- USDA-ARS-CHPRRU, Box 9555, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Jonathan H. Crouch
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Apdo. Postal 6-64, 06600 Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Fritz C, Palacios-Rojas N, Feil R, Stitt M. Regulation of secondary metabolism by the carbon-nitrogen status in tobacco: nitrate inhibits large sectors of phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant J 2006; 46:533-48. [PMID: 16640592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2006.02715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between nitrogen and carbon metabolism modulate many aspects of the metabolism, physiology and development of plants. This paper investigates the contribution of nitrate and nitrogen metabolism to the regulation of phenylpropanoid and nicotine synthesis. Wild-type tobacco was grown on 12 or 0.2 mm nitrate and compared with a nitrate reductase-deficient mutant [Nia30(145)] growing on 12 mm nitrate. Nitrate-deficient wild-type plants accumulate high levels of a range of phenylpropanoids including chlorogenic acid, contain high levels of rutin, are highly lignified, but contain less nicotine than nitrogen-replete wild-type tobacco. Nia30(145) resembles nitrate-deficient wild-type plants with respect to the levels of amino acids, but accumulates large amounts of nitrate. The levels of phenylpropanoids, rutin and lignin resemble those in nitrogen-replete wild-type plants, whereas the level of nicotine resembles that in nitrate-deficient wild-type plants. Expression arrays and real time RT-PCR revealed that a set of genes required for phenylpropanoid metabolism including PAL, 4CL and HQT are induced in nitrogen-deficient wild-type plants but not in Nia30(145). It is concluded that nitrogen deficiency leads to a marked shift from the nitrogen-containing alkaloid nicotine to carbon-rich phenylpropanoids. The stimulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism is triggered by changes of nitrate, rather than downstream nitrogen metabolites, and is mediated by induction of a set of enzymes in the early steps of the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fritz
- Department 2, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm, Germany
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Usadel B, Nagel A, Thimm O, Redestig H, Blaesing OE, Palacios-Rojas N, Selbig J, Hannemann J, Piques MC, Steinhauser D, Scheible WR, Gibon Y, Morcuende R, Weicht D, Meyer S, Stitt M. Extension of the visualization tool MapMan to allow statistical analysis of arrays, display of corresponding genes, and comparison with known responses. Plant Physiol 2005; 138:1195-204. [PMID: 16009995 PMCID: PMC1176394 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.060459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MapMan is a user-driven tool that displays large genomics datasets onto diagrams of metabolic pathways or other processes. Here, we present new developments, including improvements of the gene assignments and the user interface, a strategy to visualize multilayered datasets, the incorporation of statistics packages, and extensions of the software to incorporate more biological information including visualization of corresponding genes and horizontal searches for similar global responses across large numbers of arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Usadel
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Golm, Germany.
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Carrari F, Coll-Garcia D, Schauer N, Lytovchenko A, Palacios-Rojas N, Balbo I, Rosso M, Fernie AR. Deficiency of a plastidial adenylate kinase in Arabidopsis results in elevated photosynthetic amino acid biosynthesis and enhanced growth. Plant Physiol 2005; 137:70-82. [PMID: 15618410 PMCID: PMC548839 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.056143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2004] [Revised: 11/08/2004] [Accepted: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) L. Heynh mutant deficient in an isoform of adenylate kinase (ADK; At2g37250) was isolated by reverse genetics. It contains a T-DNA insertion 377 bp downstream of the start point of transcription. The mutant lacks At2g37250 transcripts and has a mild reduction in total cellular ADK activity. Green fluorescent protein-fusion based cellular localization experiments, carried out with the full-length At2g37250, suggested a plastidial localization for this isoform. In keeping with this observation, organelle isolation experiments revealed that the loss in ADK activity was confined to the inner plastid. This plastid stroma ADK gene was found to be expressed tissue constitutively but at much higher levels in illuminated leaves. Phenotypic and biochemical analyses of the mutant revealed that it exhibited higher amino acid biosynthetic activity in the light and was characterized by an enhanced root growth. When the mutant was subjected to either continuous light or continuous dark, growth phenotypes were also observed in the shoots. While the levels of adenylates were not much altered in the leaves, the pattern of change observed in the roots was consistent with the inhibition of an ATP-consuming reaction. Taken together, these data suggest a role for the plastid stromal ADK in the coordination of metabolism and growth, but imply that the exact importance of this isoform is tissue dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Carrari
- Department Willmitzer, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476 Golm, Germany
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Gibon Y, Bläsing OE, Palacios-Rojas N, Pankovic D, Hendriks JHM, Fisahn J, Höhne M, Günther M, Stitt M. Adjustment of diurnal starch turnover to short days: depletion of sugar during the night leads to a temporary inhibition of carbohydrate utilization, accumulation of sugars and post-translational activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in the following light period. Plant J 2004; 39:847-62. [PMID: 15341628 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2004.02173.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A larger proportion of the fixed carbon is retained as starch in the leaf in short days, providing a larger store to support metabolism and carbon export during the long night. The mechanisms that facilitate this adjustment of the sink-source balance are unknown. Starchless pgm mutants were analysed to discover responses that are triggered when diurnal starch turnover is disturbed. Sugars accumulated to high levels during the day, and fell to very low levels by the middle of the night. Sugars rose rapidly in the roots and rosette after illumination, and decreased later in the light period. Global transcript profiling revealed only small differences between pgm and Col0 at the end of the day but large differences at the end of the night, when pgm resembled Col0 after a 4-6 h prolongation of the night and many genes required for biosynthesis and growth were repressed [Plant J. 37 (2004) 914]. It is concluded that transient sugar depletion at the end of the night inhibits carbon utilization at the start of the ensuing light period. A second set of experiments investigated the stimulation of starch synthesis in response to short days in wild-type Col0. In short days, sugars were very low in the roots and rosette at the end of the dark period, and after illumination accumulated rapidly in both organs to levels that were higher than in long days. The response resembles pgm, except that carbohydrate accumulated in the leaf as starch instead of sugars. A similar response was found after transfer from long to short days. Inclusion of sugar in the rooting medium attenuated the stimulation of starch synthesis. Post-translational activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) was increased in pgm, and in Col0 in short days. It is concluded that starch synthesis is stimulated in short day conditions because sugar depletion at the end of the night triggers a temporary inhibition of growth and carbohydrate utilization in the first part of the light period, leading to transient accumulation of sugar and activation of AGPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Gibon
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Science Park Golm, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Scheible WR, Morcuende R, Czechowski T, Fritz C, Osuna D, Palacios-Rojas N, Schindelasch D, Thimm O, Udvardi MK, Stitt M. Genome-wide reprogramming of primary and secondary metabolism, protein synthesis, cellular growth processes, and the regulatory infrastructure of Arabidopsis in response to nitrogen. Plant Physiol 2004; 136:2483-99. [PMID: 15375205 PMCID: PMC523316 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.047019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 640] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2004] [Revised: 06/23/2004] [Accepted: 06/23/2004] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptome analysis, using Affymetrix ATH1 arrays and a real-time reverse transcription-PCR platform for >1,400 transcription factors, was performed to identify processes affected by long-term nitrogen-deprivation or short-term nitrate nutrition in Arabidopsis. Two days of nitrogen deprivation led to coordinate repression of the majority of the genes assigned to photosynthesis, chlorophyll synthesis, plastid protein synthesis, induction of many genes for secondary metabolism, and reprogramming of mitochondrial electron transport. Nitrate readdition led to rapid, widespread, and coordinated changes. Multiple genes for the uptake and reduction of nitrate, the generation of reducing equivalents, and organic acid skeletons were induced within 30 min, before primary metabolites changed significantly. By 3 h, most genes assigned to amino acid and nucleotide biosynthesis and scavenging were induced, while most genes assigned to amino acid and nucleotide breakdown were repressed. There was coordinate induction of many genes assigned to RNA synthesis and processing and most of the genes assigned to amino acid activation and protein synthesis. Although amino acids involved in central metabolism increased, minor amino acids decreased, providing independent evidence for the activation of protein synthesis. Specific genes encoding expansin and tonoplast intrinsic proteins were induced, indicating activation of cell expansion and growth in response to nitrate nutrition. There were rapid responses in the expression of many genes potentially involved in regulation, including genes for trehalose metabolism and hormone metabolism, protein kinases and phosphatases, receptor kinases, and transcription factors.
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