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Zhu S, Li J, Li Z, Wang Z, Wei Q, Shi F. Effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on growth and intestinal health by regulating hypothalamic RNA profile and ileum microbiota in guinea pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:4342-4353. [PMID: 38328855 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are commonly used in sweetened foods and beverages; however their role in metabolic regulation is still not clear. In this experiment, we used guinea pigs as an animal model to study the effect of NNS on body growth and intestinal health by modifying gut microbiota and hypothalamus-related proteins. RESULTS For a 28-day feeding experiment a total of 40 guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups, one control (CN) group and three treatments, in which three NNS were added to the diet: rebaudioside A (RA, 330 mg kg-1), sodium saccharin (SS, 800 mg kg-1), and sucralose (TGS, 167 mg kg-1), respectively. The TGS group exhibited significantly reduced food consumption in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05) whereas the RA group showed increased food consumption in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05). Notably, Taste receptor type 1 subunit 2 (T1R2) expression in the hypothalamus was significantly higher in the RA group than in the CN group (P < 0.05). The mRNA expressions of appetite-stimulated genes arouti-related neuropeptide (AGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSHB) were significantly higher than those in the CN group (P < 0.05) but mRNA expressions of appetite-suppressed genes tryptophan hydroxylase 2(THP2) were significantly lower in the TGS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NNS in the guinea pig diets (RA, SS, TGS) significantly increased the relative abundance of Muribaculaceae but decreased the relative abundance of Clostridia_vadin BB60 in comparison with the CN group (P < 0.05). We also found that dietary supplementation with RA also significantly altered the relative abundance of Lactobacillus. CONCLUSION Our finding confirmed that dietary supplementation with RA and TGS affected body growth and intestinal health by modulating hypothalamic RNA profiles and ileum microbiota, suggesting that NNS should be included in guinea-pig feeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanli Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Junrong Li
- College of Agriculture, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Ziqing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanwei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangxiong Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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2
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Posta E, Fekete I, Gyarmati E, Stündl L, Zold E, Barta Z. The Effects of Artificial Sweeteners on Intestinal Nutrient-Sensing Receptors: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde? Life (Basel) 2023; 14:10. [PMID: 38276259 PMCID: PMC10817473 DOI: 10.3390/life14010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The consumption of artificial and low-calorie sweeteners (ASs, LCSs) is an important component of the Western diet. ASs play a role in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, dysbiosis, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and various inflammatory conditions. Intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors act as a crosstalk between dietary components, the gut microbiota, and the regulation of immune, endocrinological, and neurological responses. This narrative review aimed to summarize the possible effects of ASs and LCSs on intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors and their related functions. Based on the findings of various studies, long-term AS consumption has effects on the gut microbiota and intestinal nutrient-sensing receptors in modulating incretin hormones, antimicrobial peptides, and cytokine secretion. These effects contribute to the regulation of glucose metabolism, ion transport, gut permeability, and inflammation and modulate the gut-brain, and gut-kidney axes. Based on the conflicting findings of several in vitro, in vivo, and randomized and controlled studies, artificial sweeteners may have a role in the pathogenesis of IBDs, functional bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, and cancers via the modulation of nutrient-sensing receptors. Further studies are needed to explore the exact mechanisms underlying their effects to decide the risk/benefit ratio of sugar intake reduction via AS and LCS consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Posta
- GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.G.); (Z.B.)
| | - Istvan Fekete
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Eva Gyarmati
- GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.G.); (Z.B.)
- Doctoral School of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei Blvd. 98, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Stündl
- Institute of Food Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Eva Zold
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond Str. 22, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Zsolt Barta
- GI Unit, Department of Infectology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Bartok Bela Street 2-26, 4031 Debrecen, Hungary; (E.G.); (Z.B.)
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Chen J, Deng LL, Xiao XL, Long SY, Deng Y, Peng T, Xie J, Zhang XY. An Association between Decreased Small Intestinal RNA Modification and Disturbed Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion under High-Fat Diet Stress. Nutrients 2023; 15:3707. [PMID: 37686740 PMCID: PMC10490556 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Unhealthy diets rich in fats and/or sugar are considered as the major external cause of the obesity epidemic, which is often accompanied by a significant decrease in gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) levels. Numerous studies have demonstrated notable contributions of the gut microbiota in this process. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism still needs further investigation. The role of epigenetic modifications in gene expression and metabolism has been well demonstrated, with m6A methylation on RNAs being the most prevalent modification throughout their metabolism. In the present study, we found that the expressions of small intestinal Gcg and Pc3, two key genes regulating GLP1 expression, were significantly downregulated in obese mice, associated with reduced GLP1 level. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that a high-fat diet slightly increased the density of enteroendocrine L cells in the small intestine, implying that decreased GLP1 levels were not caused by the changes in L cell intensity. Instead, the small intestinal m6A level as well as the expression of known "writers", mettl3/14 and wtap, were found to be positively correlated with the expression of Gcg and Pc3. Fecal microbiota transplantation with feces from normal and obese mice daily to antibiotic-treated mice revealed that dysbiosis in diet-induced obesity was sufficient to reduce serum GLP1, small intestinal m6A level, and intestinal expressions of Gcg, Pc3, and writer genes (mettl3/14, wtap). However, as the most direct and universal methyl donor, the production of fecal S-adenosylmethionine was neither affected by the different dietary patterns nor their shaped microbiota. These results suggested that microbial modulation of the epitranscriptome may be involved in regulating GLP1 expression, and highlighted epitranscriptomic modifications as an additional level of interaction between diet and individual health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
| | - Lin-Ling Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Xing-Lin Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Shi-Yuan Long
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yuan Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Tong Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
- Keystonecare Technology (Chengdu) Co., Ltd., No.200 Tianfu 5th Street, Chengdu 610094, China
| | - Jie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (J.C.)
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4
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Li Y, Li P, Yu X, Zheng X, Gu Q. Exploitation of In Vivo-Emulated In Vitro System in Advanced Food Science. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37023249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Reasonable model construction contributes to the accuracy of experimental results. Multiple in vivo models offer reliable choices for effective evaluation, whereas their applications are hampered due to adverse features including high time-consumption, high cost and ethical contradictions. In vivo-emulated in vitro systems (IVE systems) have experienced rapid development and have been brought into food science for about two decades. IVE systems' flexibly gathers the strengths of in vitro and in vivo models into one, reflecting the results in an efficient, systematic and interacted manner. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed the current research progress of IVE systems based on the literature published in the recent two decades. By categorizing the IVE systems into 2D coculture models, spheroids and organoids, their applications were systematically summarized and typically exemplified. The pros and cons of IVE systems were also thoroughly discussed, drawing attention to present challenges and inspiring potential orientation and future perspectives. The wide applicability and multiple possibilities suggest IVE systems as an effective and persuasive platform in the future of advanced food science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglu Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, and National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, and National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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5
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Oost MJ, Ijaz A, van Haarlem DA, van Summeren K, Velkers FC, Kraneveld AD, Venema K, Jansen CA, Pieters RHH, Ten Klooster JP. Chicken-derived RSPO1 and WNT3 contribute to maintaining longevity of chicken intestinal organoid cultures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10563. [PMID: 35732901 PMCID: PMC9217957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal organoids are advanced cellular models, which are widely used in mammalian studies to mimic and study in vivo intestinal function and host–pathogen interactions. Growth factors WNT3 and RSPO1 are crucial for the growth of intestinal organoids. Chicken intestinal organoids are currently cultured with mammalian Wnt3a and Rspo1, however, maintaining their longevity has shown to be challenging. Based on the limited homology between mammalian and avian RSPO1, we expect that chicken-derived factors are required for the organoid cultures. Isolated crypts from embryonic tissue of laying hens were growing in the presence of chicken WNT3 and RSPO1, whereas growth in the presence of mammalian Wnt3a and Rspo1 was limited. Moreover, the growth was increased by using Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and a Forkhead box O1-inhibitor (FOXO1-inhibitor), allowing to culture these organoids for 15 passages. Furthermore, stem cells maintained their ability to differentiate into goblets, enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells in 2D structures. Overall, we show that chicken intestinal organoids can be cultured for multiple passages using chicken-derived WNT3 and RSPO1, PGE2, and FOXO1-inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J Oost
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Adil Ijaz
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne A van Haarlem
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty van Summeren
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Francisca C Velkers
- Division Farm Animal Health, Department Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aletta D Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Christine A Jansen
- Division Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Animal Sciences, Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond H H Pieters
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Paul Ten Klooster
- Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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6
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de Boer A, van der Harst J, Fehr M, Geurts L, Knipping K, Kramer N, Krul L, Tabernero Urbieta M, van de Water B, Venema K, Schütte K, Triantis V. Animal-free strategies in food safety & nutrition: What are we waiting for? Part II: Nutrition research. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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da Silva Ferreira AR, van der Aa SAJ, Wehkamp T, Wardill HR, Ten Klooster JP, Garssen J, Harthoorn LF, Hartog A, Harmsen HJM, Tissing WJE, van Bergenhenegouwen J. Development of a self-limiting model of methotrexate-induced mucositis reinforces butyrate as a potential therapy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22911. [PMID: 34824316 PMCID: PMC8617074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal mucositis is a complication of anticancer treatment, with few validated in vitro systems suitable to study the complex mechanisms of mucosal injury. Therefore, we aimed to develop and characterize a chemotherapeutic-induced model of mucositis using 3D intestinal organoids. Organoids derived from mouse ileum were grown for 7 days and incubated with different concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX). Metabolic activity, citrulline levels and cytokine/chemokine production were measured to determine the optimal dosage and incubation time. The protective effects of folinic acid on the toxicity of MTX were investigated by pre-treating organoids with (0.0005-50 µg/mL) folinic acid. The impact of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids was evaluated by supplementation with butyrate in the organoid model. MTX caused a dose-dependent reduction in cell metabolic activity and citrulline production that was salvaged by folinic acid treatment. Overall, MTX causes significant organoid damage, which can be reversed upon removal of MTX. The protective effect of folinic acid suggest that the organoids respond in a clinical relevant manner. By using the model for intervention, it was found that prophylactic treatment with butyrate might be a valuable strategy for prophylactic mucositis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R da Silva Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EB80, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S A J van der Aa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T Wehkamp
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H R Wardill
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J P Ten Klooster
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Garssen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L F Harthoorn
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Hartog
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1 EB80, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - W J E Tissing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J van Bergenhenegouwen
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Research Centre for Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Klooster JPT, Bol-Schoenmakers M, van Summeren K, van Vliet ALW, de Haan CAM, van Kuppeveld FJM, Verkoeijen S, Pieters R. Enterocytes, fibroblasts and myeloid cells synergize in anti-bacterial and anti-viral pathways with IL22 as the central cytokine. Commun Biol 2021; 4:631. [PMID: 34045640 PMCID: PMC8160143 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
IL22 is an important cytokine involved in the intestinal defense mechanisms against microbiome. By using ileum-derived organoids, we show that the expression of anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) and anti-viral peptides (AVPs) can be induced by IL22. In addition, we identified a bacterial and a viral route, both leading to IL22 production by T cells, but via different pathways. Bacterial products, such as LPS, induce enterocyte-secreted SAA1, which triggers the secretion of IL6 in fibroblasts, and subsequently IL22 in T cells. This IL22 induction can then be enhanced by macrophage-derived TNFα in two ways: by enhancing the responsiveness of T cells to IL6 and by increasing the expression of IL6 by fibroblasts. Viral infections of intestinal cells induce IFNβ1 and subsequently IL7. IFNβ1 can induce the expression of IL6 in fibroblasts and the combined activity of IL6 and IL7 can then induce IL22 expression in T cells. We also show that IL22 reduces the expression of viral entry receptors (e.g. ACE2, TMPRSS2, DPP4, CD46 and TNFRSF14), increases the expression of anti-viral proteins (e.g. RSAD2, AOS, ISG20 and Mx1) and, consequently, reduces the viral infection of neighboring cells. Overall, our data indicates that IL22 contributes to the innate responses against both bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Paul Ten Klooster
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marianne Bol-Schoenmakers
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Population Health Sciences Division, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty van Summeren
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arno L W van Vliet
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A M de Haan
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J M van Kuppeveld
- Virology Section, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saertje Verkoeijen
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raymond Pieters
- Research Centre Healthy and Sustainable Living, Innovative Testing in Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Population Health Sciences Division, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Wang J, Li Q, Chen Z, Qi X, Wu X, Di G, Fan J, Guo C. Improved bioavailability and anticancer efficacy of Hesperetin on breast cancer via a self-assembled rebaudioside A nanomicelles system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 419:115511. [PMID: 33819459 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hesperetin (HSP) has excellent biological activities with poor water solubility which limits its clinical development. In this study, we successfully prepared a novel, self-assembled micelle based on Rebaudioside A (RA) for oral delivery of HSP with improved bioavailability and therapeutic effects. We found that RA and HSP could be formylated into nanomicelles with particle sizes of 4.541 nm ± 0.048 nm. HSP was readily encapsulated into RA micelles and this improved its water solubility (to 12.74 mg/mL ± 0.28 mg/mL). The MTT results showed that RA-HSP enhanced the cytotoxicity, the clonal formation inhibitory activity, and cell migration inhibitory activity of HSP in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The mechanism results showed that RA-HSP induced cell apoptosis by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), destroying the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, RA-HSP enhanced the anticancer activity, increased the oral bioavailability and tissue distribution of HSP in vivo. Moreover, the mechanism studies in vivo found that HSP inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling pathway with low side effects. These findings indicate that RA micelle formulations have great potential in oral drug delivery systems for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zekun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xueju Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xianggen Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Guohu Di
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chuanlong Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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10
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Becker SL, Chiang E, Plantinga A, Carey HV, Suen G, Swoap SJ. Effect of stevia on the gut microbiota and glucose tolerance in a murine model of diet-induced obesity. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:5827635. [PMID: 32356872 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial sweeteners have been shown to induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota; however, little is known about the effect of stevia. Here, we investigate whether stevia supplementation induces glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota in mice, hypothesizing that stevia would correct high fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and alter the gut microbiota. Mice were split into four treatment groups: low fat, high fat, high fat + saccharin and high fat + stevia. After 10 weeks of treatment, mice consuming a high fat diet (60% kcal from fat) developed glucose intolerance and gained more weight than mice consuming a low fat diet. Stevia supplementation did not impact body weight or glucose intolerance. Differences in species richness and relative abundances of several phyla were observed in low fat groups compared to high fat, stevia and saccharin. We identified two operational taxonomic groups that contributed to differences in beta-diversity between the stevia and saccharin groups: Lactococcus and Akkermansia in females and Lactococcus in males. Our results demonstrate that stevia does not rescue high fat diet-induced changes in glucose tolerance or the microbiota, and that stevia results in similar alterations to the gut microbiota as saccharin when administered in concordance with a high fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Becker
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Science Center South Building Room 222, Williamstown, MA, USA 01267
| | - Edna Chiang
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5159 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, USA 53706-1521
| | - Anna Plantinga
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Williams College, Bascom House, Williamstown, MA, USA 01267
| | - Hannah V Carey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, USA 53706
| | - Garret Suen
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 5159 Microbial Sciences Building, 1550 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, USA 53706-1521
| | - Steven J Swoap
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Science Center South Building Room 222, Williamstown, MA, USA 01267
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11
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Markus V, Share O, Teralı K, Ozer N, Marks RS, Kushmaro A, Golberg K. Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Stevia Extract, Stevioside, Rebaudioside A and Their Aglycon Steviol. Molecules 2020; 25:E5480. [PMID: 33238612 PMCID: PMC7700441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Governments are creating regulations for consumers to reduce their sugar intake, prompting companies to increase the ratio of artificial sweeteners in their products. However, there is evidence of some deleterious effects ascribed to the aforementioned synthetic agents and therefore consumers and food manufacturers have turned their attention to natural dietary sweeteners, such as stevia, to meet their sweetening needs. Stevia is generally considered safe; however, emerging scientific evidence has implicated the agent in gut microbial imbalance. In general, regulation of microbial behavior is known to depend highly on signaling molecules via quorum sensing (QS) pathways. This is also true for the gut microbial community. We, therefore, evaluated the possible role of these stevia-based natural sweeteners on this bacterial communication pathway. The use of a commercial stevia herbal supplement resulted in an inhibitory effect on bacterial communication, with no observable bactericidal effect. Purified stevia extracts, including stevioside, rebaudioside A (Reb A), and steviol revealed a molecular interaction, and possible interruption of Gram-negative bacterial communication, via either the LasR or RhlR receptor. Our in-silico analyses suggest a competitive-type inhibitory role for steviol, while Reb A and stevioside are likely to inhibit LasR-mediated QS in a non-competitive manner. These results suggest the need for further safety studies on the agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Markus
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; (V.M.); (K.T.)
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Orr Share
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Kerem Teralı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; (V.M.); (K.T.)
| | - Nazmi Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Girne American University, Kyrenia 99428, Cyprus;
| | - Robert S. Marks
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
- The Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ariel Kushmaro
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
- The Ilse Katz Center for Meso and Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Karina Golberg
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva 84105, Israel; (O.S.); (R.S.M.)
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12
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Kong X, Wang X, Qin Y, Han J. Effects of sunset yellow on proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells in murine intestinal organoids. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:953-963. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiunan Kong
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiu Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yumei Qin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China
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13
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Ranjbar T, Nekooeian AA, Tanideh N, Koohi-Hosseinabadi O, Masoumi SJ, Amanat S, Azarpira N, Monabati A. A comparison of the effects of Stevia extract and metformin on metabolic syndrome indices in rats fed with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13242. [PMID: 32478426 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Stevia on metabolic indices have been studied in recent years. However, controversial results emphasize the need for further investigation. We aimed to examine and compare the effects of Stevia's hydroalcoholic extract with two dosages (200, 400 mg/kg) with those of metformin (100 mg/kg) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) indices of rats fed with a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHS). It was found that both Stevia extract and metformin could prevent the adverse effects of a HFHS on lipid profile, liver enzymes, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and histopathologic factors. Except for the finding that metformin showed a greater potential to alleviate insulin resistance than did Stevia extract, no significant difference was observed between the rats receiving metformin or Stevia extract. In addition, using a high treatment dosage of Stevia extract did not lead to better results than a low dosage. Collectively, the efficacy of Stevia extracts to modify metabolic, oxidative, and histopathological indices in a MetS model was comparable to that of the metformin. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study was aimed to compare the efficiency of Stevia hydroalcoholic extract with metformin in attenuating MetS abnormalities of rats induced by a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. The results showed the beneficial changes caused due to the administration of Stevia extract on lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, liver enzyme, and liver histopathological indices. The changes were comparable with the results of metformin group. Despite some promising results, further investigation is suggested to evaluate the effectiveness of Stevia extract on human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Nekooeian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Koohi-Hosseinabadi
- Department of Central Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalil Masoumi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sasan Amanat
- Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Monabati
- Department of Pathology and Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Panaro BL, Yusta B, Matthews D, Koehler JA, Song Y, Sandoval DA, Drucker DJ. Intestine-selective reduction of Gcg expression reveals the importance of the distal gut for GLP-1 secretion. Mol Metab 2020; 37:100990. [PMID: 32278655 PMCID: PMC7200938 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a nutrient-sensitive hormone secreted from enteroendocrine L cells within the small and large bowel. Although GLP-1 levels rise rapidly in response to food ingestion, the greatest density of L cells is localized to the distal small bowel and colon. Here, we assessed the importance of the distal gut in the acute L cell response to diverse secretagogues. Methods Circulating levels of glucose and plasma GLP-1 were measured in response to the administration of L cell secretagogues in wild-type mice and in mice with (1) genetic reduction of Gcg expression throughout the small bowel and large bowel (GcgGut−/-) and (2) selective reduction of Gcg expression in the distal gut (GcgDistalGut−/-). Results The acute GLP-1 response to olive oil or arginine administration was markedly diminished in GcgGut−/- but preserved in GcgDistalGut−/- mice. In contrast, the increase in plasma GLP-1 levels following the administration of the GPR119 agonist AR231453, or the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist LY2112688, was markedly diminished in the GcgDistalGut−/- mice. The GLP-1 response to LPS was also markedly attenuated in the GcgGut−/- mice and remained submaximal in the GcgDistalGut−/- mice. Doses of metformin sufficient to lower glucose and increase GLP-1 levels in the GcgGut+/+ mice retained their glucoregulatory activity, yet they failed to increase GLP-1 levels in the GcgGut−/- mice. Surprisingly, the actions of metformin to increase plasma GLP-1 levels were substantially attenuated in the GcgDistalGut−/- mice. Conclusion These findings further establish the importance of the proximal gut for the acute response to nutrient-related GLP-1 secretagogues. In contrast, we identify essential contributions of the distal gut to (i) the rapid induction of circulating GLP-1 levels in response to pharmacological selective agonism of G-protein-coupled receptors, (ii) the increased GLP-1 levels following the activation of Toll-Like Receptors with LPS, and iii) the acute GLP-1 response to metformin. Collectively, these results reveal that distal gut Gcg + endocrine cells are rapid responders to structurally and functionally diverse GLP-1 secretagogues. Distal gut Gcg expression is dispensable for GLP-1 response to olive oil and arginine. GLP-1 response to GPR119 and MCR4 agonism requires distal gut Gcg expression. The maximal GLP-1 response to lipopolysaccharide requires distal gut Gcg expression. The distal gut is a substantial source of GLP-1 release in response to metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Panaro
- Department of Medicine and the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Bernardo Yusta
- Department of Medicine and the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dianne Matthews
- Department of Medicine and the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Koehler
- Department of Medicine and the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Youngmi Song
- Department of Medicine and the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine and the Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Song Y, Koehler JA, Baggio LL, Powers AC, Sandoval DA, Drucker DJ. Gut-Proglucagon-Derived Peptides Are Essential for Regulating Glucose Homeostasis in Mice. Cell Metab 2019; 30:976-986.e3. [PMID: 31495689 PMCID: PMC8140521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of pancreatic versus intestinal-derived GLP-1 for glucose homeostasis is controversial. We detected active GLP-1 in the mouse and human pancreas, albeit at extremely low levels relative to glucagon. Accordingly, to elucidate the metabolic importance of intestinal proglucagon-derived peptides (PGDPs), we generated mice with reduction of Gcg expression within the distal (GcgDistalGut-/-) or entire (GcgGut-/-) gut. Substantial reduction of gut Gcg expression markedly reduced circulating levels of GLP-1, and impaired glucose homeostasis, associated with increased levels of GIP, and accelerated gastric emptying. GcgDistalGut-/- mice similarly exhibited lower circulating GLP-1 and impaired oral glucose tolerance. Nevertheless, plasma levels of insulin remained normal following glucose administration in the absence of gut-derived GLP-1. Collectively, our findings identify the essential importance of gut-derived PGDPs for maintaining levels of circulating GLP-1, control of gastric emptying, and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmi Song
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X5, Canada; Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Jacqueline A Koehler
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Laurie L Baggio
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X5, Canada
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-0475, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G1X5, Canada.
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16
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Nešić A, Stam A, Čavić M, Ten Klooster JP, Pieters R, Smit J, Gavrović-Jankulović M. Activation of epithelial cells by the major kiwifruit allergen Act d 1 in human and mouse-derived intestinal model. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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17
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The functional and health-promoting properties of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni and its glycosides with special focus on the antidiabetic potential – A review. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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18
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Yin YB, de Jonge HR, Wu X, Yin YL. Mini-gut: a promising model for drug development. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:1784-1794. [PMID: 31212027 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Until recently, major advances in drug development have been hampered by a lack of proper cell and tissue models; but the introduction of organoid technology has revolutionized this field. At the level of the gastrointestinal tract, the so-called mini-gut comprises all major cell types of native intestine and recapitulates the composition and function of native intestinal epithelium. The mini-gut can be classified as an intestinal organoid (IO), derived from pluripotent stem cells, or as an enteroid, consisting only of epithelial cells and generated from adult stem cells. Both classifications have been used as models to develop drugs against cystic fibrosis, cancer and infectious disease, as well as for drug screening, personalized medicine and the development of new medical tools. In this review, we highlight and discuss the importance of mini-guts for drug development and point out their limitations and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Bang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China; Institute of Biological Resources, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China.
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.
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19
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Yin YB, de Jonge HR, Wu X, Yin YL. Enteroids for Nutritional Studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801143. [PMID: 30883003 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional studies are greatly hampered by a paucity of proper models. Previous studies on nutrition have employed conventional cell lines and animal models to gain a better understanding of the field. These models lack certain correlations with human physiological responses, which impede their applications in this field. Enteroids are cultured from intestinal stem cells and include enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, goblet cells, Paneth cells, and stem cells, which mimic hallmarks of in vivo epithelium and support long-term culture without genetic or physiological changes. Enteroids have been used as models to study the effects of diet and nutrients on intestinal growth and development, ion and nutrient transport, secretory and absorption functions, the intestinal barrier, and location-specific functions of the intestine. In this review, the existing models for nutritional studies are discussed and the importance of enteroids as a new model for nutritional studies is highlighted. Taken together, it is suggested that enteroids can serve as a potential model system to be exploited in nutritional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Bang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, 3015, CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Yu-Long Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
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20
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Song K, Xin M, Yu H, Zheng Z, Li J, Li M, Guo H, Tan Y, Wu X. Novel ultra-small micelles based on rebaudioside A: A potential nanoplatform for ocular drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 552:265-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Ginés I, Gil-Cardoso K, Robles P, Arola L, Terra X, Blay M, Ardévol A, Pinent M. Novel ex Vivo Experimental Setup to Assay the Vectorial Transepithelial Enteroendocrine Secretions of Different Intestinal Segments. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11622-11629. [PMID: 30148363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The enteroendocrine system coordinates gastrointestinal (GI) tract functionality and the whole organism. However, the scarcity of enteroendocrine cells and their scattered distribution make them difficult to study. Here, we glued segments of the GI wall of pigs to a silicon tube, keeping the apical and the basolateral sides separate. The fact that there was less than 1% of 70-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran on the basolateral side proved that the gluing was efficient. Since the lactate dehydrogenase leakage at basolateral side was lower than 0.1% (1.40 ± 0.17 nKatals) it proved that the tissue was viable. The intestinal barrier function was maintained as it is in segments mounted in Ussing chambers (the amount of Lucifer Yellow crossing it, was similar between them; respectively, % LY, 0.48 ± 0.13; 0.52 ± 0.09; p > 0.05). Finally, apical treatments with two different extract produced differential basolateral enterohormone secretions (basolateral PYY secretion vs control; animal extract, 0.35 ± 0.16; plant extract, 2.5 ± 0.74; p < 0.05). In conclusion, we report an ex vivo system called "Ap-to-Bas" for assaying vectorial transepithelial processes that makes it possible to work with several samples at the same time. It is an optimal device for enterohormone studies in the intestine.
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22
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Effect of meal size and texture on gastric pouch emptying and glucagon-like peptide 1 after gastric bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2017; 13:1975-1983. [PMID: 29055668 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) accelerates gastric pouch emptying, enhances postprandial glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin, and lowers glucose concentrations. To prevent discomfort and reactive hypoglycemia, it is recommended that post-RYGB patients eat small, frequent meals and avoid caloric drinks. However, the effect of meal size and texture on GLP-1 and metabolic response has not been studied. OBJECTIVES To demonstrate that frequent minimeals and solid meals (S) elicit less GLP-1 and insulin release and less reactive hypoglycemia and are better tolerated compared with a single isocaloric liquid meal (L). SETTING A university hospital. METHODS In this prospective study, 32 RYGB candidates were enrolled and randomized to L or S groups before gastric bypass. Each subject received an L or S 600-kcal single meal (SM) administered at hour 0 or three 200-kcal minimeals administered at hours 0, 2, and 4 on 2 separate days. Twenty-one patients were retested 1 year after RYGB. Blood and visual analogue scale measurements were collected up to 6 hours postprandially. Outcome measures included gastric pouch emptying, glucose, insulin, and GLP-1; hunger, fullness, and stomach discomfort were measured by visual analogue scale. RESULTS Twenty-one were patients retested after RYGB (L: n = 12; S: n = 9). Meal texture had a significant effect on peak GLP-1 (L-SM: 106.1 ± 67.2 versus S-SM: 45.3 ± 25.2 pM, P = .004), peak insulin, and postprandial glucose. Hypoglycemia was more frequent after the L-SM meal compared with the S-SM. Gastric pouch emptying was 2.4 times faster after RYGB but was not affected by texture. CONCLUSIONS Meal texture and size have significant impact on tolerance and metabolic response after RYGB.
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Lai F, Chen Y, Lin H, Wang X, Zhu X, Li Y, Xiao H, Cao X. Pancreatic-derived factor impaired glucagon-like Peptide-1 production from GLUTag enterendorine L-cell line and intestines. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 452:110-119. [PMID: 28549991 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic-derived factor (PANDER) is a pancreatic islet-specific cytokine that co-secretes with insulin. However, its biological function remains largely unknown. We have recently shown that the intestine might be its novel target tissue. The aim of this study was to clarify whether PANDER impacts the production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). METHODS We treated GLUTag cells from the mouse intestine L cell line with recombinant PANDER protein and hepatic overexpression of PANDER in an obese murine model. RESULTS In GLUTag cells, PANDER exposure led to decreased proglucagon gene mRNA expression and GLP-1 secretion without affecting cell viability or caspase-3 activation. Overexpression of PANDER in mice induced glucose intolerance and impaired glucose-stimulated GLP-1 secretion Moreover, PANDER blocked insulin-induced GLP-1 secretion by inhibiting the insulin signalling-Wnt pathway and directly inhibited the cAMP/PKA pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that intestinal L cells are responsive to PANDER, and elevated PANDER levels impair GLP-1 production in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Lai
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimei Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuelan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaonan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopei Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 58 Zhongshan 2nd Rd., Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.
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