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Costa Lemos da Silva AG, da Silva Ribeiro KD, Alves de Araújo GE, da Silva Oliveira L, de Oliveira Lyra C. Vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases: an interest to public health? Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:131-140. [PMID: 37382196 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422423000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. From this perspective, the role of vitamin E and its metabolites in preventing CVD has been studied, being supported by the findings that low vitamin E concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Despite this, no studies have analysed the co-existence of vitamin E deficiency (VED) and CVD on the basis of population studies. Facing that, this study summarises information on the relationship between vitamin E status and CVD, providing a basis for understanding the determining and protective factors for its development. VED may be a public health problem since it has been observed to vary from 0·6% to 55·5% worldwide, with higher percentages in Asia and Europe, where CVD mortality rates stand out. Intervention studies with α-tocopherol supplementation do not confirm cardioprotective action of vitamin E, which may reflect that α-tocopherol alone does not provide cardiovascular protection to individuals, but the consumption of all isomers found in food. Considering that low concentrations of α-tocopherol can lead to a higher susceptibility to diseases involving oxidative stress in the population, in addition to the high and growing prevalence of CVD and VED, it is essential to investigate or reinterpret the mechanisms of action of vitamin E and its metabolites in the cardiovascular process to better understand the co-existence of CVD and VED. It is also important to implement public health policies and programmes aimed at promoting the consumption of natural food sources of vitamin E and healthy fats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Letícia da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Clélia de Oliveira Lyra
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
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Sugihara N, Shirai Y, Imai T, Sezaki A, Abe C, Kawase F, Miyamoto K, Inden A, Kato T, Sanada M, Shimokata H. The Global Association between Egg Intake and the Incidence and Mortality of Ischemic Heart Disease-An Ecological Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4138. [PMID: 36901143 PMCID: PMC10001696 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between egg consumption and ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains controversial as there is still no clear answer regarding the relationship, with research limited to a few geographical regions. In the current study, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of the association between egg intake and IHD incidence (IHDi) and mortality (IHDd) using 28 years of international data from 1990 to 2018. Egg intake (g/day/capita) by country was obtained from the Global Dietary Database. Age-standard IHDi and IHDd rates per 100,000 subjects in each country were obtained from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease database. The analysis included a total of 142 countries with populations of at least one million, for which all data were available from 1990 to 2018. Eggs are consumed worldwide, and regional differences in consumption are also shown. Utilizing IHDi and IHDd as objective variables and egg intake as an explanatory variable, the analysis was conducted using linear mixed models, which controlled for inter- and intra-country variation from year to year. The results showed a significant negative association between egg intake, and IHDi (-0.253 ± 0.117, p < 0.05) and IHDd (-0.359 ± 0.137, p < 0.05). The analysis was carried out using R 4.0.5. The results suggest that adequate egg intake might suppress IHDi and IHDd on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Sugihara
- Faculty of Health and Social Services, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Yokosuka 238-8550, Japan
- Faculty of Core Research, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Shirai
- Department of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya 463-8521, Japan
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
| | - Tomoko Imai
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 602-0893, Japan
| | - Ayako Sezaki
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Ryukoku University, Otsu 520-2194, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
| | - Chisato Abe
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Tsu City College, Tsu 514-0112, Japan
| | - Fumiya Kawase
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Asuke Hospital Aichi Prefectural Welfare Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives, Toyota 444-2351, Japan
| | - Keiko Miyamoto
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nagoya 460-0001, Japan
| | - Ayaka Inden
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Hamamatsu University Hospital, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takumi Kato
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Nutrition Division, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya 466-8650, Japan
| | - Masayo Sanada
- Department of Nursing, Heisei College of Health Sciences, Gifu 501-1131, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Institute of Health and Nutrition, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin 470-0196, Japan
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Functional tooth number in the posterior region associated serum ucOC levels. Int J Implant Dent 2022; 8:50. [PMID: 36316516 PMCID: PMC9622957 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels in partially edentulous patients scheduled to receive implant treatment and determine the association between ucOC levels, vegetable intake, vitamin K, dietary fiber intake, and functional tooth number in the posterior region (p-FTN). Methods A total of 46 patients (20 male and 26 female, 61.9 ± 12.7 years old) were included. The association among serum ucOC levels, vegetable intake, vitamin K and dietary fiber intake was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and binary logistic regression analysis. Results In total, 35% of patients (16/46 subjects) showed an abnormally high ucOC level (≧ 4.5 ng/mL). p-FTN showed a weak positive correlation with vegetable intake, vitamin K and dietary fiber intake (r = 0.28, 0.21, and 0.14, respectively) and a significant negative correlation with ucOC levels (r = − 0.51). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that p-FTN as well as vitamin K intake showed a significant negative association with serum ucOC levels. Conclusions More than one-third of patients showed abnormally high ucOC levels. p-FTN showed a negative association with serum ucOC levels, which indicated the possibility that oral status affected bone quality.
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Hess JM. Modeling Dairy-Free Vegetarian and Vegan USDA Food Patterns for Nonpregnant, Nonlactating Adults. J Nutr 2022; 152:2097-2108. [PMID: 35485767 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (2020 DGA) recommend 3 dietary patterns for Americans, including a Healthy Vegetarian Dietary Pattern (HVDP). OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to assess whether nutritionally adequate dairy-free and vegan adaptations to the HVDP can be modeled with foods already in the DGA. METHODS Using similar food pattern modeling procedures as the 2020 DGA, the nutrient composition of 2 alternative models-dairy-free and vegan-of the 1800-, 2000-, 2200-, and 2400-kcal/d HVDPs was assessed. The dairy food group was replaced with a dairy alternative group comprised of soy milk and soy yogurt fortified with calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D. For the vegan model, eggs were replaced with equal proportions of vegetarian protein foods. RESULTS Dairy-free and vegan models required minimal changes to the HVDP. Cup-equivalents and/or ounce-equivalents of vegetables, fruits, grains, oils, and discretionary calories remained unchanged. Content of total fat, polyunsaturated fat, linoleic acid (18:2n-6), linolenic acid, iron, copper, vitamin D, riboflavin, vitamin B-12, and vitamin K increased in both models by ≥10% (all comparisons relative to the original HVDP). Choline increased ≥25% in the dairy-free models. Protein decreased 11% in both 1800-kcal/d models and 10% in both 2000-kcal/d models. Sodium, cholesterol, zinc, and phosphorus decreased across all energy levels in both models, and selenium decreased in the vegan model. Carbohydrate, fiber, saturated fat, EPA, DHA, calcium, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, thiamin, folate, and vitamin B-6 changed ≤10%. Both models contained adequate nutrients to meet Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for most age and sex groups for which 1800-, 2000-, 2200-, and 2400-kcal/d diets are appropriate. Zinc was the only nutrient below the DRI for males. CONCLUSIONS The dairy-free and vegan HVDP models could help adults who do not consume dairy foods and/or other animal products to meet nutrition recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie M Hess
- USDA-ARS Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND, USA
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Tocotrienol-Rich Vitamin E (Tocovid) Improved Nerve Conduction Velocity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Phase II Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113770. [PMID: 34836025 PMCID: PMC8618591 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes that affects approximately half of the diabetic population. Up to 53% of DPN patients experience neuropathic pain, which leads to a reduction in the quality of life and work productivity. Tocotrienols have been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties in preclinical and clinical studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tocotrienol-rich vitamin E (Tocovid SuprabioTM) on nerve conduction parameters and serum biomarkers among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 88 patients were randomized to receive 200 mg of Tocovid twice daily, or a matching placebo for 12 months. Fasting blood samples were collected for measurements of HbA1c, renal profile, lipid profile, and biomarkers. A nerve conduction study (NCS) was performed on all patients at baseline and subsequently at 2, 6, 12 months. Patients were reassessed after 6 months of washout. After 12 months of supplementation, patients in the Tocovid group exhibited highly significant improvements in conduction velocity (CV) of both median and sural sensory nerves as compared to those in the placebo group. The between-intervention-group differences (treatment effects) in CV were 1.60 m/s (95% CI: 0.70, 2.40) for the median nerve and 2.10 m/s (95% CI: 1.50, 2.90) for the sural nerve. A significant difference in peak velocity (PV) was also observed in the sural nerve (2.10 m/s; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.20) after 12 months. Significant improvements in CV were only observed up to 6 months in the tibial motor nerve, 1.30 m/s (95% CI: 0.60, 2.20). There were no significant changes in serum biomarkers, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ-1), or vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). After 6 months of washout, there were no significant differences from baseline between groups in nerve conduction parameters of all three nerves. Tocovid at 400 mg/day significantly improve tibial motor nerve CV up to 6 months, but median and sural sensory nerve CV in up to 12 months of supplementation. All improvements diminished after 6 months of washout.
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Toh DWK, Koh ES, Kim JE. Incorporating healthy dietary changes in addition to an increase in fruit and vegetable intake further improves the status of cardiovascular disease risk factors: A systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2020; 78:532-545. [PMID: 31889199 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Beyond increasing FV intake, the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes may help to further attenuate CVD risk. OBJECTIVE A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily as well as incorporating other healthy dietary changes on classical CVD risk factors through a systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES The following databases were searched: PubMed, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Medline (ProQuest), and Cochrane Library. DATA EXTRACTION 82, 24, and 10 articles were selected for the systematic review, meta-regression, and meta-analysis, respectively. DATA ANALYSIS Meta-regression analysis showed a dose-dependent response between the number of FV servings consumed in each intervention group and the blood triglyceride change value. Pooled weighted mean differences from the meta-analysis suggested that increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily contributes to significant decreases in triglyceride (-0.10 mmol/L; 95%CI, -0.18 to -0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (-1.99 mmHg; 95%CI, -2.28 to -1.70) as well as marginal decreases in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. While improvements were observed in the triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol response following the incorporation of other healthy dietary changes, no additional cardiovascular benefits were observed when FV intake was increased from > 3 to > 5 servings daily. CONCLUSION Increasing FV intake to > 3 servings daily improves CVD risk factors, most distinctly triglyceride, especially when complemented with other healthy dietary changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evangelyn Sihui Koh
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Food Science and Technology Programme, Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Miso Soup Consumption Enhances the Bioavailability of the Reduced Form of Supplemental Coenzyme Q 10. J Nutr Metab 2020; 2020:5349086. [PMID: 31998536 PMCID: PMC6969983 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5349086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential compound that is involved in energy production and is a lipid-soluble antioxidant. Although it has been proposed as an antiaging and a health-supporting supplement, its low bioavailability remains a significant issue. Concurrent food intake enhances the absorption of orally administered CoQ10, but it has not been fully established whether specific food substances affect intestinal CoQ10 absorption. Therefore, to determine whether the bioavailability of supplemental CoQ10 is affected by diet, P30, a granulated and reduced form of CoQ10, was dispersed in four different foods, clear soup, miso soup, milk soup, and raw egg sauce. Those foods which contained CoQ10 were consumed on different occasions at intervals of 6–14 weeks by the same participants. Thirteen participants were recruited in the single-dose and repeated clinical study. When miso soup containing P30 was provided, the serum CoQ10 concentration increased faster than when participants consumed other P30-containing soups or a P30-containing raw egg sauce. The area under the curve for serum CoQ10 during the first 5 h after consumption of the P30-containing miso soup was approximately 1.5 times larger than those after the consumption of other P30-containing meals. These data imply that the absorption of CoQ10 supplements can be enhanced by consuming them with food and in particular with specific food substances, such as miso soup.
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Conrad Z, Johnson LK, Jahns L, Roemmich JN. Food Price Elasticity by Status of Participation in Federal Food Assistance Programs: A Laboratory-Based Grocery Store Study. Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background
Federal food assistance programs target low-income and nutritionally vulnerable Americans, with the dual goals of reducing food insecurity and improving diet quality. Individuals on limited food budgets may face constraints on their ability to purchase healthy foods when their prices increase, which could mitigate the intended impact of federal feeding programs. To better understand the effect of food price changes on healthy food purchases, we focus on eggs, which are rich in many important nutrients and can be a healthy part of a wide range of cultural food menus.
Objective
We use a laboratory-based grocery store experiment (n = 80) to examine the difference in price elasticity of eggs between individuals participating in food assistance programs and those not participating in these programs. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03296878.
Methods
Subjects completed several food purchasing trials, as well as questionnaires that assessed demographic, psychosocial, and other factors. Mixed linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between food price changes and food purchases (price elasticity).
Results
No difference in price elasticity was observed between groups, but subjects in both groups decreased their egg purchases by 6.9–8.6% for every 10% increase in egg price. For every 10% increase in the price of all nonegg foods, egg purchases increased by 3.3% among federal food assistance program participants but not nonparticipants, and purchases for foods such as lean meats, low-fat dairy, fruits, vegetables, and whole grains decreased by up to 14% among both groups.
Conclusions
Efforts to emphasize healthy eating strategies for individuals on limited budgets will be especially important during times of food price increases. Additional research is needed to estimate the price elasticities of other food groups among individuals participating in federal food assistance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
- Department of Health Sciences, William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA
| | - LuAnn K Johnson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
| | - James N Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center. US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, ND
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Janani C, Sundararajan B, Kumari BR. Construction and transformation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (RnPPARγ) gene using Agrobacterium tumefaciens into Glycine max L. Merr. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Sass CAB, Kuriya S, da Silva GV, Silva HLA, da Cruz AG, Esmerino EA, Freitas MQ. Completion task to uncover consumer's perception: a case study using distinct types of hen's eggs. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2591-2599. [PMID: 29660079 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The choice and consumption of eggs are made considering a consumers' multidimensional perception, and their understanding becomes essential to the production targeting and the products' success in the market. In this context, this work aimed to verify the consumers' perception about the distinct types of hens' eggs, using a projective technique of completion task combined with presentation of images. A hundred consumers (n = 100) evaluated the main factors, both positive and negative, involved at the purchase time of eggs besides estimating their price. Between the positive factors that guide the eggs' consumption and purchase, the category with highest mention of terms was "Health," whereas negatively it was highlighted the category "Price." Concerning the perception of price, the results showed that the factory farm white eggs' value was the one that least differed from the average market price, possibly due to the nearness and familiarity with this variety. The methodology of completion task combined with presentation of images proved as being a practical and efficient tool to capture the consumers' perception of eggs, capable of providing valuable information to the ones involved in the production chain and commercialization of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A B Sass
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24230-340
| | - S Kuriya
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20270-021
| | - G V da Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 23890-000
| | - H L A Silva
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24230-340
| | - A G da Cruz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Institute of Education of Rio de Janeiro, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20270-021
| | - E A Esmerino
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24230-340
| | - M Q Freitas
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24230-340
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Kim JE, Campbell WW. Dietary Cholesterol Contained in Whole Eggs Is Not Well Absorbed and Does Not Acutely Affect Plasma Total Cholesterol Concentration in Men and Women: Results from 2 Randomized Controlled Crossover Studies. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091272. [PMID: 30205602 PMCID: PMC6165023 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole egg is a food source of dietary cholesterol and inconsistent research findings exist about the effect of dietary cholesterol from whole egg on blood cholesterol concentration. We assessed the effect of co-consuming cooked whole egg (CWE) on dietary cholesterol absorption from two randomized-crossover studies. For study 1, 16 men consumed raw vegetables with no egg, 75 g CWE, or 150 g CWE. For study 2, 17 women consumed cooked vegetables with no egg or 100 g CWE. Triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein fractions (TRL) were isolated from collected blood. In study 1, total-cholesterol areas under the curve (AUC)0–10h in TRL were not different but triacylglycerol AUC0–10h in TRL was greater for 150 g CWE vs. 75 g CWE and no egg. Similarly, in study 2, total-cholesterol AUC0–10h in TRL was not different but triacylglycerol AUC0–10h in TRL was greater for 100 g CWE vs. no egg. In both studies, whole egg consumption did not affect plasma total-cholesterol AUC0–10h, while triacylglycerol AUC0–10h was increased. These results suggest that the dietary cholesterol in whole egg was not well absorbed, which may provide mechanistic insight for why it does not acutely influence plasma total-cholesterol concentration and is not associated with longer-term plasma cholesterol control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Food Science & Technology Programme, c/o Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore.
| | - Wayne W Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, 700 W State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Hossain A, Jayadeep A. Determination of tocopherol and tocotrienol contents in maize by in vitro digestion and chemical methods. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Conrad Z, Jahns L, Roemmich JN. Study design for a clinical trial to examine food price elasticity among participants in federal food assistance programs: A laboratory-based grocery store study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 10:154-160. [PMID: 30023450 PMCID: PMC6047316 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a protocol for a study investigating the effect of food price changes on purchasing decisions among individuals participating in federal food assistance programs and among those not participating in these programs. We use a laboratory-based grocery store design, which provides greater control over factors influencing food purchasing than in situ experiments in actual grocery stores. We focus primarily, but not exclusively, on eggs because they are highly nutritious, easy to prepare, can be included in many different dishes, and are a part of a wide range of cultural food menus. The primary aim of this study is to compare the own-and cross-price elasticity of eggs between individuals participating in federal food assistance programs and those not participating in these programs. Our secondary aims are to 1) compare the own- and cross-price elasticity of eggs between overweight/obese individuals and non-overweight/obese individuals, 2) examine whether delay discounting moderates the effect of income on own- and cross-price elasticity, 3) examine whether subjective social status moderates the effect of participation in federal food assistance programs on the purchase of high nutrient-dense foods, and 4) examine whether usual psychological stress level moderates the effect of subjective social status on the purchase of high-nutrient dense foods. The results of this study will provide information about the drivers of food demand among low-income adults. A better understanding of these drivers is needed to develop effective nutrition interventions for this large population.
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Key Words
- 24HR, 24-h Recall
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- Egg
- Food assistance
- NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
- NRF, Nutrient-rich Foods Index
- Obesity
- Price elasticity
- SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
- Social status
- Stress
- USDA, United States Department of Agriculture
- WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
- WWEIA, What We Eat In America
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND 58203, USA
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Conrad Z, Johnson LK, Roemmich JN, Juan W, Jahns L. Nutrient intake disparities in the US: modeling the effect of food substitutions. Nutr J 2018; 17:53. [PMID: 29776365 PMCID: PMC5960152 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diet quality among federal food assistance program participants remains low, and little research has assessed the diet quality of food insecure non-participants. Further research is needed to assess the extent to which food substitutions can improve the nutritional status of these vulnerable populations. Substituting egg dishes for other commonly consumed dishes at certain eating occasions may be an effective strategy for improving the daily nutrient intake among these groups. Eggs are rich in many important nutrients, and are low-cost and part of a wide range of cultural food menus, which are important considerations for low-income and ethnically diverse populations. To help guide the focus of targeted nutrition interventions and education campaigns for vulnerable populations, the present work begins by 1) estimating the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy among these groups, and then models the effect of consuming egg dishes instead of commonly consumed dishes at each eating occasion on 2) the prevalence of nutrient inadequacy, and 3) the mean intake of nutrients. Methods Dietary data from 34,741 adults ≥ 20 y were acquired from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014. Diet pattern modeling was used to substitute commonly consumed egg dishes for commonly consumed main dishes at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. National Cancer Institute usual intake methods were used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intake of 31 nutrients pre- and post-substitution, and a novel index was used to estimate change in intake of all nutrients collectively. Results Substituting eggs for commonly consumed main dishes at lunch or dinner did not change total daily nutrient intake for each group (P > 0.05), but decreased the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy by 1–4 percentage points (P < 0.01). Substituting eggs for commonly consumed foods at breakfast increased the prevalence of folate inadequacy by 8–12 percentage points among each group (P < 0.01). Conclusions When making food substitutions to increase nutrient intake, eating occasion should be an important consideration. Further research is needed to better understand how food substitutions affect diet costs, which may be an important driver of food purchasing decisions among low income individuals with limited food budgets. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-018-0360-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Conrad
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA.
| | - LuAnn K Johnson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - James N Roemmich
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
| | - WenYen Juan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Lisa Jahns
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2420 2nd Ave. N, Grand Forks, ND, 58203, USA
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Kopec RE, Failla ML. Recent advances in the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of carotenoids and effects of other dietary lipophiles. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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16
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Rodrigues DB, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Mariutti LRB, Mercadante AZ, Failla ML. Comparison of Two Static in Vitro Digestion Methods for Screening the Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids in Fruits, Vegetables, and Animal Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:11220-11228. [PMID: 29205039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In vitro digestion methods are routinely used to assess the bioaccessibility of carotenoids and other dietary lipophilic compounds. Here, we compared the recovery of carotenoids and their efficiency of micellarization in digested fruits, vegetables, egg yolk, and salmon and also in mixed-vegetable salads with and without either egg yolk or salmon using the static INFOGEST method22 and the procedure of Failla et al.16 Carotenoid stability during the simulated digestion was ≥70%. The efficiencies of the partitioning of carotenoids into mixed micelles were similar when individual plant foods and salad meals were digested using the two static methods. Furthermore, the addition of cooked egg or salmon to vegetable salads increased the bioaccessibility of some carotenoids. Our findings showed that the two methods of in vitro digestion generated similar estimates of carotenoid retention and bioaccessibility for diverse foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele B Rodrigues
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | | | - Lilian R B Mariutti
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Adriana Z Mercadante
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas , Campinas, São Paulo 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mark L Failla
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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17
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Vitamin E Bioavailability: Mechanisms of Intestinal Absorption in the Spotlight. Antioxidants (Basel) 2017; 6:antiox6040095. [PMID: 29165370 PMCID: PMC5745505 DOI: 10.3390/antiox6040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is an essential fat-soluble micronutrient whose effects on human health can be attributed to both antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties. A growing number of studies aim to promote vitamin E bioavailability in foods. It is thus of major interest to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms of vitamin E absorption, which remain only partly understood. It was long assumed that vitamin E was absorbed by passive diffusion, but recent data has shown that this process is actually far more complex than previously thought. This review describes the fate of vitamin E in the human gastrointestinal lumen during digestion and focuses on the proteins involved in the intestinal membrane and cellular transport of vitamin E across the enterocyte. Special attention is also given to the factors modulating both vitamin E micellarization and absorption. Although these latest results significantly improve our understanding of vitamin E intestinal absorption, further studies are still needed to decipher the molecular mechanisms driving this multifaceted process.
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18
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Time Trends and Patterns of Reported Egg Consumption in the U.S. by Sociodemographic Characteristics. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040333. [PMID: 28350345 PMCID: PMC5409672 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eggs have the potential to contribute essential nutrients to nutritionally vulnerable populations on limited food budgets. Further research is needed to better understand patterns of egg consumption across diverse sociodemographic groups in order to inform clinical practice to improve nutrient adequacy. Data on demographics and egg intake of 29,694 U.S. adults were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2012. The National Cancer Institute's usual intake methodology was used to estimate the distribution of egg intake. Linear and logistic regression models were used to test for time trends in egg consumption and for differences between sociodemographic groups. The proportion of the U.S. population, overall (21%-22%; p = 0.311) and by sociodemographic group (p > 0.05 for all groups), that reported consuming eggs remained unchanged from 2001 to 2012. Mean egg consumption increased overall from 23.0 (95% CI, 20.8-25.2) g/day in 2001-2002 to 25.5 (22.7-28.4) g/day in 2011-2012 (p = 0.012), but not among food insecure individuals (p = 0.816) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants (p = 0.399). No differences in the odds of egg consumption were observed by income level, food security status, or SNAP participation status (p > 0.05 for all groups). Given the nutritional benefits of eggs, as well as their low cost and culinary versatility, the results presented here have important implications for reducing disparities in health outcomes and diet quality, in particular among food insecure individuals and SNAP participants. Further research is needed to examine factors that influence egg consumption and associated nutrient intake, and to identify potential barriers to increasing egg consumption, such as egg price changes, across diverse sociodemographic groups.
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