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Sakai T, Choo YY, Mitsuhashi S, Ikebe R, Jeffers A, Idell S, Tucker TA, Ikebe M. Myocardin regulates fibronectin expression and secretion from human pleural mesothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L419-L430. [PMID: 38349126 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00271.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
During the progression of pleural fibrosis, pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) undergo a phenotype switching process known as mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT). During MesoMT, transformed PMCs become myofibroblasts that produce increased extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen and fibronectin (FN1) that is critical to develop fibrosis. Here, we studied the mechanism that regulates FN1 expression in myofibroblasts derived from human pleural mesothelial cells (HPMCs). We found that myocardin (Myocd), a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF) and a master regulator of smooth muscle and cardiac muscle differentiation, strongly controls FN1 gene expression. Myocd gene silencing markedly inhibited FN1 expression. FN1 promoter analysis revealed that deletion of the Smad3-binding element diminished FN1 promoter activity, whereas deletion of the putative SRF-binding element increased FN1 promoter activity. Smad3 gene silencing decreased FN1 expression, whereas SRF gene silencing increased FN1 expression. Moreover, SRF competes with Smad3 for binding to Myocd. These results indicate that Myocd activates FN1 expression through Smad3, whereas SRF inhibits FN1 expression in HPMCs. In HPMCs, TGF-β induced Smad3 nuclear localization, and the proximity ligation signal between Myocd and Smad3 was markedly increased after TGF-β stimulation at nucleus, suggesting that TGF-β facilitates nuclear translocation of Smad3 and interaction between Smad3 and Myocd. Moreover, Myocd and Smad3 were coimmunoprecipitated and isolated Myocd and Smad3 proteins directly bound each other. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Myocd interacts with the FN1 promoter at the Smad3-binding consensus sequence. The results indicate that Myocd regulates FN1 gene activation through interaction and activation of the Smad3 transcription factor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY During phenotype switching from mesothelial to mesenchymal, pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) produce extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including collagen and fibronectin (FN1), critical components in the development of fibrosis. Here, we found that myocardin, a transcriptional coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), strongly activates FN1 expression through Smad3, whereas SRF inhibits FN1 expression. This study provides insights about the regulation of FN1 that could lead to the development of novel interventional approaches to prevent pleural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Shinya Mitsuhashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Reiko Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Ann Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Torry A Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
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Choo YY, Sakai T, Ikebe R, Jeffers A, Idell S, Tucker TA, Ikebe M. Role of ZIP kinase in development of myofibroblast differentiation from HPMCs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L353-L366. [PMID: 38252666 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00251.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
During the development of pleural fibrosis, pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) undergo phenotypic switching from differentiated mesothelial cells to mesenchymal cells (MesoMT). Here, we investigated how external stimuli such as TGF-β induce HPMC-derived myofibroblast differentiation to facilitate the development of pleural fibrosis. TGF-β significantly increased di-phosphorylation but not mono-phosphorylation of myosin II regulatory light chain (RLC) in HPMCs. An increase in RLC di-phosphorylation was also found at the pleural layer of our carbon black bleomycin (CBB) pleural fibrosis mouse model, where it showed filamentous localization that coincided with alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) in the cells in the pleura. Among the protein kinases that can phosphorylate myosin II RLC, ZIPK (zipper-interacting kinase) protein expression was significantly augmented after TGF-β stimulation. Furthermore, ZIPK gene silencing attenuated RLC di-phosphorylation, suggesting that ZIPK is responsible for di-phosphorylation of myosin II in HPMCs. Although TGF-β significantly increased the expression of ZIP kinase protein, the change in ZIP kinase mRNA was marginal, suggesting a posttranscriptional mechanism for the regulation of ZIP kinase expression by TGF-β. ZIPK gene knockdown (KD) also significantly reduced TGF-β-induced upregulation of αSMA expression. This finding suggests that siZIPK attenuates myofibroblast differentiation of HPMCs. siZIPK diminished TGF-β-induced contractility of HPMCs consistent with siZIPK-induced decrease in the di-phosphorylation of myosin II RLC. The present results implicate ZIPK in the regulation of the contractility of HPMC-derived myofibroblasts, phenotype switching, and myofibroblast differentiation of HPMCs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here, we highlight that ZIP kinase is responsible for di-phosphorylation of myosin light chain, which facilitates stress fiber formation and actomyosin-based cell contraction during mesothelial to mesenchymal transition in human pleural mesothelial cells. This transition has a significant impact on tissue remodeling and subsequent stiffness of the pleura. This study provides insight into a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pleural fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Yeon Choo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Reiko Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Ann Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Torry A Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas, United States
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Metelmann IB, Kraemer S, Steinert M, Langer S, Stock P, Kurow O. Novel 3D organotypic co-culture model of pleura. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276978. [PMID: 36454800 PMCID: PMC9714887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelial cells are the predominant cell type in the pleural cavity, but their role in the pathogenesis of pleural diseases needs to be further elucidated. 3D organotypic models are an encouraging approach for an in vivo understanding of molecular disease development. The aim of the present study was to develop a 3D organotypic model of the pleural mesothelium. Specimens of human pleura parietalis were obtained from patients undergoing surgery at the University Hospital Leipzig, Germany. 3D co-culture model of pleura was established from human pleural mesothelial cells and fibroblasts. The model was compared to human pleura tissue by phase-contrast and light microscopy, immunochemistry and -fluorescence as well as solute permeation test. Histological assessment of the 3D co-culture model displayed the presence of both cell types mimicking the morphology of the human pleura. Vimentin and Cytokeratin, PHD1 showed a similar expression pattern in pleural biopsies and 3D model. Expression of Ki-67 indicates the presence of proliferating cells. Tight junctional marker ZO-1 was found localized at contact zones between mesothelial cells. Each of these markers were expressed in both the 3D co-culture model and human biopsies. Permeability of 3D organotypic co-culture model of pleura was found to be higher for 70 kDa-Dextran and no significant difference was seen in the permeability for small dextran (4 kDa). In summary, the presented 3D organoid of pleura functions as a robust assay for pleural research serving as a precise reproduction of the in vivo morphology and microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella B. Metelmann
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kraemer
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Steinert
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Langer
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peggy Stock
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Kurow
- Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Pouliquen DL, Boissard A, Henry C, Coqueret O, Guette C. Curcuminoids as Modulators of EMT in Invasive Cancers: A Review of Molecular Targets With the Contribution of Malignant Mesothelioma Studies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934534. [PMID: 35873564 PMCID: PMC9304619 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcuminoids, which include natural acyclic diarylheptanoids and the synthetic analogs of curcumin, have considerable potential for fighting against all the characteristics of invasive cancers. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a fundamental process for embryonic morphogenesis, however, the last decade has confirmed it orchestrates many features of cancer invasiveness, such as tumor cell stemness, metabolic rewiring, and drug resistance. A wealth of studies has revealed EMT in cancer is in fact driven by an increasing number of parameters, and thus understanding its complexity has now become a cornerstone for defining future therapeutic strategies dealing with cancer progression and metastasis. A specificity of curcuminoids is their ability to target multiple molecular targets, modulate several signaling pathways, modify tumor microenvironments and enhance the host’s immune response. Although the effects of curcumin on these various parameters have been the subject of many reviews, the role of curcuminoids against EMT in the context of cancer have never been reviewed so far. This review first provides an updated overview of all EMT drivers, including signaling pathways, transcription factors, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and tumor microenvironment components, with a special focus on the most recent findings. Secondly, for each of these drivers the effects of curcumin/curcuminoids on specific molecular targets are analyzed. Finally, we address some common findings observed between data reported in the literature and the results of investigations we conducted on experimental malignant mesothelioma, a model of invasive cancer representing a useful tool for studies on EMT and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L. Pouliquen
- Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
- *Correspondence: Daniel L. Pouliquen,
| | - Alice Boissard
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Cécile Henry
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Olivier Coqueret
- Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
| | - Catherine Guette
- ICO, Inserm, CNRS, Nantes Université, CRCI2NA, Université d’Angers, Angers, France
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Zheng J, Dong H, Zhang T, Ning J, Xu Y, Cai C. Development and Validation of a Novel Gene Signature for Predicting the Prognosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Based on Three Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Immune-Related Genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:865052. [PMID: 35559024 PMCID: PMC9086533 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.865052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has revealed that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and immunity play key roles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). However, correlation between EMT and immune response and the prognostic significance of EMT in IPF remains unclear. Methods: Two microarray expression profiling datasets (GSE70866 and GSE28221) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. EMT- and immune-related genes were identified by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and the Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignant Tumors using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to investigate the functions of these EMT- and immune-related genes. Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analyses were used to screen prognostic genes and establish a gene signature. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Cell-type Identification By Estimating Relative Subsets Of RNA Transcripts (CIBERSORT) were used to investigate the function of the EMT- and immune-related signatures and correlation between the EMT- and immune-related signatures and immune cell infiltration. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to investigate the mRNA expression of genes in the EMT- and immune-related signatures. Results: Functional enrichment analysis suggested that these genes were mainly involved in immune response. Moreover, the EMT- and immune-related signatures were constructed based on three EMT- and immune-related genes (IL1R2, S100A12, and CCL8), and the K–M and ROC curves presented that the signature could affect the prognosis of IPF patients and could predict the 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival well. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed based on the expression of IL1R2, S100A12, and CCL8, and the calibration curve showed that the nomogram could visually and accurately predict the 1-, 2-, 3-year survival of IPF patients. Finally, we further found that immune-related pathways were activated in the high-risk group of patients, and the EMT- and immune-related signatures were associated with NK cells activated, macrophages M0, dendritic cells resting, mast cells resting, and mast cells activated. qRT-PCR suggested that the mRNA expression of IL1R2, S100A12, and CCL8 was upregulated in whole blood of IPF patients compared with normal samples. Conclusion: IL1R2, S100A12, and CCL8 might play key roles in IPF by regulating immune response and could be used as prognostic biomarkers of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Zheng
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Hanquan Dong
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Tongqiang Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Chunquan Cai
- Tianjin Institute of Pediatrics(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Birth Defects for Prevention and Treatment), Tianjin Children's Hospital (Tianjin University Children's Hospital), Tianjin, China
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6
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Balancin ML, Baldavira CM, Prieto TG, Machado-Rugolo J, Farhat C, Assato AK, Velosa APP, Teodoro WR, Ab'Saber AM, Takagaki TY, Capelozzi VL. Dissecting and Reconstructing Matrix in Malignant Mesothelioma Through Histocell-Histochemistry Gradients for Clinical Applications. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:871202. [PMID: 35492318 PMCID: PMC9043486 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.871202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMalignant pleural mesotheliomas (MM) are known for their heterogenous histology and clinical behavior. MM histology reveals three major tumor cell populations: epithelioid, sarcomatoid, and biphasic. Using a dissecting approach, we showed that histochemical gradients help us better understand tumor heterogeneity and reconsider its histologic classifications. We also showed that this method to characterize MM tumor cell populations provides a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms for invasion and disease progression.MethodsIn a cohort of 87 patients with surgically excised MM, we used hematoxylin and eosin to characterize tumor cell populations and Movat's pentachrome staining to dissect the ECM matrisome. Next, we developed a computerized semi-assisted protocol to quantify and reconstruct the ECM in 3D and examined the clinical association between the matricellular factors and patient outcome.ResultsEpithelioid cells had a higher matrix composition of elastin and fibrin, whereas, in the sarcomatoid type, hyaluronic acid and total collagen were most prevalent. The 3D reconstruction exposed the collagen I and III that form channels surrounding the neoplastic cell blocks. The estimated volume of the two collagen fractions was 14% of the total volume, consistent with the median estimated area of total collagen (12.05 mm2) for epithelioid MM.ConclusionDifferential patterns in matricellular phenotypes in MM could be used in translational studies to improve patient outcome. More importantly, our data raise the possibility that cancer cells can use the matrisome for disease expansion and could be effectively targeted by anti-collagen, anti-elastin, and/or anti-hyaluronic acid therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Luiz Balancin
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Machado Baldavira
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tabatha Gutierrez Prieto
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Machado-Rugolo
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Health Technology Assessment Center (NATS), Clinical Hospital (HCFMB), Medical School of São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Cecília Farhat
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Kawassaki Assato
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Velosa
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Walcy Rosolia Teodoro
- Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Muxfeldt Ab'Saber
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa Yae Takagaki
- Division of Pneumology, Instituto do Coração (Incor), University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vera Luiza Capelozzi
- Laboratory of Genomics and Histomorphometry, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo Medical School (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vera Luiza Capelozzi
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Anaphylatoxins orchestrate Th17 response via interactions between CD16+ monocytes and pleural mesothelial cells in tuberculous pleural effusion. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009508. [PMID: 34237073 PMCID: PMC8291687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is activated in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE), with increased levels of the anaphylatoxins stimulating pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) to secrete chemokines, which recruit nonclassical monocytes to the pleural cavity. The differentiation and recruitment of naive CD4+ T cells are induced by pleural cytokines and PMC-produced chemokines in TPE. However, it is unclear whether anaphylatoxins orchestrate CD4+ T cell response via interactions between PMCs and monocytes in TPE. In this study, CD16+ and CD16- monocytes isolated from TPE patients were cocultured with PMCs pretreated with anaphylatoxins. After removing the PMCs, the conditioned monocytes were cocultured with CD4+ T cells. The levels of the cytokines were measured in PMCs and monocyte subsets treated separately with anaphylatoxins. The costimulatory molecules were assessed in conditioned monocyte subsets. Furthermore, CD4+ T cell response was evaluated in different coculture systems. The results indicated that anaphylatoxins induced PMCs and CD16+ monocytes to secrete abundant cytokines capable of only inducing Th17 expansion, but Th1 was feeble. In addition, costimulatory molecules were more highly expressed in CD16+ than in CD16− monocytes isolated from TPE. The interactions between monocytes and PMCs enhanced the ability of PMCs and monocytes to produce cytokines and that of monocytes to express HLA-DR, CD40, CD80 and CD86, which synergistically induced Th17 expansion. In the above process, anaphylatoxins enhanced the interactions between monocytes and PMCs by increasing the level of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and upregulating the phenotype of CD40 and CD80 in CD16+ monocytes. Collectively, these data indicate that anaphylatoxins play a central role in orchestrating Th17 response mainly via interactions between CD16+ monocytes and PMCs in TPE. Tuberculous pleural effusion is characterized by intense chronic accumulations of fluid and lymphocyte cells and monocytes/macrophages in the pleural space. Complement mediators play important roles in providing protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our results demonstrated that Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection induced the amplification of complement activation in TPE. Complement activation produces anaphylatoxins that induce PMCs and CD16+ monocytes to secrete abundant cytokines capable of only inducing Th17 expansion, but Th1 was feeble. In addition, costimulatory molecules were more highly expressed in CD16+ than in CD16− monocytes isolated from TPE. The interactions between monocytes and PMCs enhanced the ability of PMCs and monocytes to produce cytokines and that of monocytes to express HLA-DR, CD40, CD80 and CD86, which synergistically induced Th17 expansion. In the above process, anaphylatoxins enhanced the interactions between monocytes and PMCs by increasing the level of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-23 and upregulating the phenotype of CD40 and CD80 in CD16+ monocytes. In summary, these data highlighted the importance of anaphylatoxins and the innate immune system in eliciting pathogenic T cell responses in TPE and suggested that monocytes, especially the CD16+ subset, might be an efficient target for controlling inflammation.
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Matuchova I, Kelbich P, Kubalik J, Hanuljakova E, Stanek I, Maly V, Karpjuk O, Krejsek J. Cytological-energy analysis of pleural effusions with predominance of neutrophils. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2021; 14:1753466620935772. [PMID: 32600177 PMCID: PMC7328477 DOI: 10.1177/1753466620935772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The predominance of neutrophils in pleural effusions of patients with
different serious impairments of the pleural cavity organs is often found.
The aim of this study was to identify the type of injury using the
cytological-energy analysis of pleural effusions. Methods: We analysed 635 samples of pleural effusions with predominance of
neutrophils. We compared the values of the coefficient of energy balance
(KEB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
catalytic activities in the following subgroups of patients: with
transudative effusions, purulent pneumonia, chest empyema and after chest
surgery with and without purulent complications. Statistical analysis was
performed using the ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis test (p < 0.05
was considered as significant). Results: We found the lowest KEB values in pleural effusions of patients with chest
empyema and their gradual increases in patients with purulent pneumonia and
with transudative effusions. We observed the highest LDH and AST enzymes
activity in patients with chest empyema and their gradual decrease in
patients with purulent pneumonia and with transudative effusions. LDH and
AST enzymes activity was significantly higher in pleural effusions of
patients after chest surgery with purulent complications compared with
non-purulent cases. Conclusion: The most intensive inflammation and the most extensive tissue destruction in
the pleural cavity were found in patients with chest empyema. Significantly
better parameters were observed in patients with purulent pneumonia. The
absence of serious inflammation and the absence of tissue destruction were
typical for patients with transudative effusions. Finally, our results
confirmed an anticipated higher tissue destruction in patients after chest
surgery. Significantly worse injury was found in surgical patients with
purulent complications compared with non-purulent ones. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental
material section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Matuchova
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kelbich
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Socialni pece 3316/12A, 401 13, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubalik
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Hanuljakova
- Biomedical Centre, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic.,Laboratory for Cerebrospinal Fluid, Neuroimmunology, Pathology and Special Diagnostics Topelex, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Stanek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Vilem Maly
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Karpjuk
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Masaryk Hospital in Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Krejsek
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Zwicky SN, Stroka D, Zindel J. Sterile Injury Repair and Adhesion Formation at Serosal Surfaces. Front Immunol 2021; 12:684967. [PMID: 34054877 PMCID: PMC8160448 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.684967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most multicellular organisms have a major body cavity containing vital organs. This cavity is lined by a mucosa-like serosal surface and filled with serous fluid which suspends many immune cells. Injuries affecting the major body cavity are potentially life-threatening. Here we summarize evidence that unique damage detection and repair mechanisms have evolved to ensure immediate and swift repair of injuries at serosal surfaces. Furthermore, thousands of patients undergo surgery within the abdominal and thoracic cavities each day. While these surgeries are potentially lifesaving, some patients will suffer complications due to inappropriate scar formation when wound healing at serosal surfaces defects. These scars called adhesions cause profound challenges for health care systems and patients. Therefore, reviewing the mechanisms of wound repair at serosal surfaces is of clinical importance. Serosal surfaces will be introduced with a short embryological and microanatomical perspective followed by a discussion of the mechanisms of damage recognition and initiation of sterile inflammation at serosal surfaces. Distinct immune cells populations are free floating within the coelomic (peritoneal) cavity and contribute towards damage recognition and initiation of wound repair. We will highlight the emerging role of resident cavity GATA6+ macrophages in repairing serosal injuries and compare serosal (mesothelial) injuries with injuries to the blood vessel walls. This allows to draw some parallels such as the critical role of the mesothelium in regulating fibrin deposition and how peritoneal macrophages can aggregate in a platelet-like fashion in response to sterile injury. Then, we discuss how serosal wound healing can go wrong, causing adhesions. The current pathogenetic understanding of and potential future therapeutic avenues against adhesions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone N Zwicky
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joel Zindel
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Principe N, Kidman J, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ, Nowak AK, McDonnell AM, Chee J. Malignant Pleural Effusions-A Window Into Local Anti-Tumor T Cell Immunity? Front Oncol 2021; 11:672747. [PMID: 33987104 PMCID: PMC8111299 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of immunotherapy that targets inhibitory T cell receptors for the treatment of multiple cancers has seen the anti-tumor immune response re-emerge as a promising biomarker of response to therapy. Longitudinal characterization of T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) helps us understand how to promote effective anti-tumor immunity. However, serial analyses at the tumor site are rarely feasible in clinical practice. Malignant pleural effusions (MPE) associated with thoracic cancers are an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space that is routinely drained for patient symptom control. This fluid contains tumor cells and immune cells, including lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells, providing a window into the local tumor microenvironment. Recurrent MPE is common, and provides an opportunity for longitudinal analysis of the tumor site in a clinical setting. Here, we review the phenotype of MPE-derived T cells, comparing them to tumor and blood T cells. We discuss the benefits and limitations of their use as potential dynamic biomarkers of response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Principe
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Joel Kidman
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Willem Joost Lesterhuis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Jonathan Chee
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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11
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Lu YZ, Liang LM, Cheng PP, Xiong L, Wang M, Song LJ, Yu F, He XL, Xiong L, Wang XR, Xin JB, Ye H, Ma WL. VEGF/Src signaling mediated pleural barrier damage and increased permeability contributes to subpleural pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L990-L1004. [PMID: 33787325 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00436.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The distribution of fibrosis in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is subpleural with basal predominance. Alveolar epithelial cell was considered as the key cell in the initial phase of IPF. However, the idea of activation and damage of alveolar epithelial cells is very difficult to explain why fibrosis distributes in the subpleural area. In this study, human pleural mesothelial cell (PMC) line and primary rat PMC was used as in vitro model. Intraperitoneal injection of bleomycin was used for making a pulmonary fibrosis model. The integrity of cultured monolayer PMCs was determined by transepithelial electric resistance (TEER). Pleural permeability was estimated by measuring paracellular transport of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated dextran. Changes in lung tissue of patients with IPF were analyzed by Masson's and immunofluorescence staining. We found bleomycin induced PMCs damage and increased PMCs permeability; increased PMCs permeability aggravated bleomycin-induced subpleural inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, bleomycin was found to activate VEGF/Src signaling which increased PMCs permeability. In vivo, inhibition of VEGF/Src signaling prevented bleomycin-induced subpleural pulmonary fibrosis. At last, activation of VEGF/Src signaling was confirmed in subpleural area in patients with IPF. Taken together, our findings indicate that VEGF/Src signaling mediated pleural barrier damage and increased permeability which contributes to subpleural pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhi Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Mei Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Cheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Jie Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Liang He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Rong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bao Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Chiu CY, Chen JR, Yin SY, Wang CJ, Chen TP, Hsieh TY. Histopathologic Findings Associated With Matrix Metalloproteinases Proceeding to Recurrence of Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Adolescents. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:788336. [PMID: 34926357 PMCID: PMC8671608 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.788336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax is potentially life-threatening, and its recurrence is always a serious problem. Pathological examination provides molecular insights into the pathophysiology of primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Objectives: To investigate the association of histopathologic features of primary spontaneous pneumothorax with matrix metalloproteinase expression and their relevance to the recurrence. Methods: A total of 217 tissue section slides in 172 adolescent patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax were retrospectively reviewed from January 2001 to June 2020. All histopathologic features were recorded and pathologic findings related to ipsilateral recurrence and second surgery were analyzed. Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases were prospectively measured in 25 primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients receiving surgery and 18 healthy controls. Their relevance to the histopathologic features of primary spontaneous pneumothorax related to its recurrence was also examined. Results: The major presenting histopathologic findings of primary spontaneous pneumothorax were bleb/bulla (98%) followed by fibrosis (68%). Low prevalence of the pathologic findings of granulation tissue and macrophage accumulation were significantly associated with recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax, whereas fibrosis was significantly higher in patients receiving more than once surgery. Furthermore, the ratios of matrix metalloproteinase-2/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 were significantly higher in theses pathological findings as well as multinucleated giant cells and mesothelial cell hyperplasia in comparison with healthy controls. Conclusions: Low prevalence of macrophage accumulation and granulation tissue related to the overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and-9 activities may contribute to healing impairment and primary spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yung Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Ray Chen
- Department of Pathology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ying Yin
- Department of Surgery and Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ping Chen
- Department of Surgery and Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Yu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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13
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Evaluation of cellular alterations and inflammatory profile of mesothelial cells and/or neoplastic cells exposed to talc used for pleurodesis. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3730-3736. [PMID: 33110480 PMCID: PMC7566804 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdution: To determine the role of Pleural Mesothelial Cells (PMC) and/or Neoplasic Cells (NC) in the initiation and regulation of acute inflammatory response after exposure to talc for evaluating inflammatory mediators and cellular alterations. Materials and Methods: PMC cultures, human lung (A549) and breast (MCF7) adenocarcinoma cells were divided in 5 groups: 100% PMC, 100% NC, 25% PMC + 75% NC, 50% of each type and 75% PMC + 25% NC. All groups were exposed to talc and measured IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, TNF-α, TNFRI, pH, LDH, apoptosis and necrosis. Statistical Analysis: One-way Anova. Results: High IL-6, IL-1β and TNFRI levels were found in PMC and NC exposed to talc. IL-6 was higher at the points of more confluence of PMC. The highest levels of IL-1β and TNFRI were found in mixed cultures. In pure cultures TNFRI was higher in A549 followed by PMC and MCF7. LDH was higher in A549 than PMC. The lowest pH was found in 100% NC. All cell line exposed to talc reduced viability and increased necrosis. Apoptotic cells exposed to talc were higher in pure cultures of NC than in PMC. Mixed cultures of PMC and A549 showed lower levels of apoptosis in cultures with more NC. Conclusions: PMC after talc exposure participates in the inflammatory process contributing to production of molecular mediators, necessary for effective pleurodesis. Talc acted in NC causing higher rates of apoptosis, contributing in a modest way to tumoral decrease. Different types of tumor cells may respond differently to exposure to talc.
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14
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The Effects of Asbestos Fibers on Human T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21196987. [PMID: 32977478 PMCID: PMC7584019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21196987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Asbestos exposure causes malignant tumors such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. The effects of asbestos fibers on immunocompetent cells, however, have not been well studied. Asbestos physically comprises a fibrous substance, which differs from silica particles which are a particulate substance, although chemically it is a mineral silicate. Since silicosis patients previously exposed to silica particles often suffer from lung and autoimmune diseases, it is clear that silica exposure impairs immune tolerance. Similarly, asbestos may alter the immune system in asbestos-exposed individuals. Given that malignant tumors can result following exposure to asbestos, the attenuation of anti-tumor immunity in cases of asbestos exposure is an important area of investigation. We observed the effect of asbestos fibers on T lymphocytes, such as CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), CD4+ helper T (Th), and regulatory T (Treg) cells, and showed that anti-tumor immunity was attenuated, as demonstrated in a system that stimulates fresh cells isolated from peripheral blood in vitro and a system that is continuously exposed to a cell line. In this manuscript, we introduce the experiments and results of studies on CTLs, as well as Th and Treg cells, and discuss how future changes in immunocompetent cells induced by asbestos fibers can be clinically linked.
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15
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Tucker T, Tsukasaki Y, Sakai T, Mitsuhashi S, Komatsu S, Jeffers A, Idell S, Ikebe M. Myocardin Is Involved in Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Human Pleural Mesothelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:86-96. [PMID: 30605348 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural fibrosis is characterized by severe inflammation of the pleural space and pleural reorganization. Subsequent thickening of the visceral pleura contributes to lung stiffness and impaired lung function. Pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) can become myofibroblasts via mesothelial-mesenchymal transition (MesoMT) and contribute to pleural organization, fibrosis, and rind formation. However, the mechanisms that underlie MesoMT remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of myocardin in the induction of MesoMT. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and thrombin induced MesoMT and markedly upregulated the expression of myocardin, but not myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A) or MRTF-B, in human PMCs (HPMCs). TGF-β stimulation notably induced the nuclear translocation of myocardin in HPMCs, whereas nuclear translocation of MRTF-A and MRTF-B was not observed. Several genes under the control of myocardin were upregulated in cells undergoing MesoMT, an effect that was accompanied by a dramatic cytoskeletal reorganization of HPMCs consistent with a migratory phenotype. Myocardin gene silencing blocked TGF-β- and thrombin-induced MesoMT. Although myocardin upregulation was blocked, MRTF-A and MRTF-B were unchanged. Myocardin, α-SMA, calponin, and smooth muscle myosin were notably upregulated in the thickened pleura of carbon black/bleomycin and empyema mouse models of fibrosing pleural injury. Similar results were observed in human nonspecific pleuritis. In a TGF-β mouse model of pleural fibrosis, PMC-specific knockout of myocardin protected against decrements in lung function. Further, TGF-β-induced pleural thickening was abolished by PMC-specific myocardin knockout, which was accompanied by a marked reduction of myocardin, calponin, and α-SMA expression compared with floxed-myocardin controls. These novel results show that myocardin participates in the development of MesoMT in HPMCs and contributes to the pathogenesis of pleural organization and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torry Tucker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Yoshikazu Tsukasaki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Shinya Mitsuhashi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Satoshi Komatsu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Ann Jeffers
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
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16
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Hagan AS, Zhang B, Ornitz DM. Identification of a FGF18-expressing alveolar myofibroblast that is developmentally cleared during alveologenesis. Development 2020; 147:dev.181032. [PMID: 31862844 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alveologenesis is an essential developmental process that increases the surface area of the lung through the formation of septal ridges. In the mouse, septation occurs postnatally and is thought to require the alveolar myofibroblast (AMF). Though abundant during alveologenesis, markers for AMFs are minimally detected in the adult. After septation, the alveolar walls thin to allow efficient gas exchange. Both loss of AMFs or retention and differentiation into another cell type during septal thinning have been proposed. Using a novel Fgf18:CreERT2 allele to lineage trace AMFs, we demonstrate that most AMFs are developmentally cleared during alveologenesis. Lung mesenchyme also contains other poorly described cell types, including alveolar lipofibroblasts (ALF). We show that Gli1:CreERT2 marks both AMFs as well as ALFs, and lineage tracing shows that ALFs are retained in adult alveoli while AMFs are lost. We further show that multiple immune cell populations contain lineage-labeled particles, suggesting a phagocytic role in the clearance of AMFs. The demonstration that the AMF lineage is depleted during septal thinning through a phagocytic process provides a mechanism for the clearance of a transient developmental cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Hagan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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17
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Papazoglou ED, Jagirdar RM, Kouliou OA, Pitaraki E, Hatzoglou C, Gourgoulianis KI, Zarogiannis SG. In Vitro Characterization of Cisplatin and Pemetrexed Effects in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma 3D Culture Phenotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101446. [PMID: 31569615 PMCID: PMC6826727 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. The main treatment for MPM is doublet chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Pemetrexed, while ongoing trials test the efficacy of pemetrexed monotherapy. However, there is lack of evidence regarding the effects of Cisplatin and Pemetrexed on MPM cell phenotypes, especially in three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures. In this study, we evaluated the effects Cisplatin and Pemetrexed on cell viability using homologous cell derived extracellular matrix (hECM) as substratum and subsequently in the following 3D cell culture phenotypes: tumor spheroid formation, tumor spheroid invasion, and collagen gel contraction. We used benign mesothelial MeT-5A cells as controls and the MPM cell lines M14K (epithelioid), MSTO (biphasic), and ZL34 (sarcomatoid). Cell viability of all cell lines was significantly decreased with all treatments. Mean tumor spheroid perimeter was reduced after treatment with Pemetrexed or the doublet therapy in all cell lines, while Cisplatin reduced the mean spheroid perimeter of MeT-5A and MSTO cells. Doublet treatment reduced the invasive capacity of spheroids of cell lines into collagenous matrices, while Cisplatin lowered the invasion of the MSTO and ZL34 cell lines, and Pemetrexed lowered the invasion of MeT-5A and ZL34 cell lines. Treatment with Pemetrexed or the combination significantly reduced the collagen gel contraction of all cell lines, while Cisplatin treatment affected only the MeT-5A and M14K cells. The results of the current study can be used as an in vitro 3D platform for testing novel drugs against MPM for ameliorating the effects of first line chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios D Papazoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Rajesh M Jagirdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Olympia A Kouliou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Eleanna Pitaraki
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece.
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18
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Rehbein S, Manchi G, Gruber AD, Kohn B. Successful Treatment of Pneumothorax in a Dog With Sterile Pleural Fibrosis Caused by Chylothorax. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:278. [PMID: 31508433 PMCID: PMC6713890 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A 2-year-old, 12 kg, intact male crossbreed dog was presented with respiratory distress, exercise intolerance, and gagging. Plain thoracic radiographs revealed severe pleural effusion. Although bilateral needle thoracocentesis and chest tube placement were performed, no re-expansion of the lung lobes occurred. Pleural effusion was of chylous quality and led to lung entrapment. Computer tomography revealed a highly atrophic and atelectatic right middle lung lobe. The remaining lung lobes were only expanded to ~40%. Visceral pleura and pericardium showed a heterogeneous thickening consistent with pleural fibrosis. Partial pericardiectomy with resection of the middle lung lobe through a right lateral thoracotomy was performed. Ligation of the thoracic duct and ablation of the cisterna chyli was achieved through a single paracostal approach. Histopathology revealed chronic-active proliferative beginning granulomatous pleuritis, fibrotic pericarditis, and partial coagulative necrosis with incomplete granulomatous sequestration in the resected middle lung lobe. Chylothorax resolved after surgical intervention. Active pleural effusion resolved, and lung entrapment changed to trapped lung disease. The remaining lung lobes re-expanded to ~80% over the following 6 days. The dog was discharged 10 days later. Mild to moderate pleural effusion of non-chylic quality was present during the following 4 months. Meloxicam was administered for 4 months because of its anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory properties. Fifteen months later, thoracic radiographs revealed full radiologic expansion of the lungs with persistent mild pleural fibrosis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case report of pneumothorax due pleural fibrosis caused by chylothorax in a dog with an excellent clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Rehbein
- Clinic for Small Animals, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Manchi
- Clinic for Small Animals, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D. Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Kohn
- Clinic for Small Animals, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Pleural Effusion IL-33/sST2 Levels and Effects of Low and High IL-33/sST2 Levels on Human Mesothelial Cell Adhesion and Migration. Inflammation 2019; 42:2072-2085. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Caiazzo E, Morello S, Carnuccio R, Ialenti A, Cicala C. The Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase/CD73 Inhibitor, α,β-Methylene Adenosine 5'-Diphosphate, Exacerbates Carrageenan-Induced Pleurisy in Rat. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:775. [PMID: 31354490 PMCID: PMC6637294 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ecto-5’-nucleotidase (ecto-5’NT/CD73) represents a crucial enzyme for endogenous adenosine generation. Several findings have shown that CD73 plays an important role in regulating vascular permeability and immune cell function. Adenosine 5’-(α,β-methylene)diphosphate (APCP) is a CD73 inhibitor, widely used as pharmacological tool to investigate the role of CD73/adenosine pathway in several in vitro and in vivo models, although it has been also shown to inhibit other ectoenzymes involved in adenosinergic pathway. Here, we evaluated the effect of APCP in the development of inflammation in carrageenan-induced pleurisy model. We found that treatment with APCP (400 µg/rat) significantly increased cell accumulation, exudate formation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine content into the pleural cavity in the acute phase (4 h) of inflammation, with no differences in the sub-acute phase (72 h) except for the regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels. In addition, cells collected by pleural lavage fluids of APCP-treated rats, 4 h following carrageenan injection, showed increased ability to migrate in vitro, both in presence and in absence of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine as chemotactic stimulus, compared to cells obtained by control rats. Our results demonstrate that APCP exacerbates the early phase of carrageenan-induced pleurisy by controlling pleural effusion and polymorphonuclear migration in vivo and ex vivo. This effect is likely dependent upon CD73 inhibition, although an inhibitory effect of other ectoenzymes cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caiazzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Morello
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosa Carnuccio
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
| | - Armando Ialenti
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Cicala
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, Naples, Italy
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21
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Salton F, Volpe MC, Confalonieri M. Epithelial⁻Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55040083. [PMID: 30925805 PMCID: PMC6524028 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious disease of the lung, which leads to extensive parenchymal scarring and death from respiratory failure. The most accepted hypothesis for IPF pathogenesis relies on the inability of the alveolar epithelium to regenerate after injury. Alveolar epithelial cells become apoptotic and rare, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts accumulate and extracellular matrix (ECM) is deposited in response to the aberrant activation of several pathways that are physiologically implicated in alveologenesis and repair but also favor the creation of excessive fibrosis via different mechanisms, including epithelial⁻mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a pathophysiological process in which epithelial cells lose part of their characteristics and markers, while gaining mesenchymal ones. A role for EMT in the pathogenesis of IPF has been widely hypothesized and indirectly demonstrated; however, precise definition of its mechanisms and relevance has been hindered by the lack of a reliable animal model and needs further studies. The overall available evidence conceptualizes EMT as an alternative cell and tissue normal regeneration, which could open the way to novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as to more effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Salton
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | | | - Marco Confalonieri
- Pulmonology Department, University Hospital of Cattinara, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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22
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miR-4739 mediates pleural fibrosis by targeting bone morphogenetic protein 7. EBioMedicine 2019; 41:670-682. [PMID: 30850350 PMCID: PMC6443597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleural fibrosis is defined as excessive depositions of matrix components that result in pleural tissue architecture destruction and dysfunction. In severe cases, the progression of pleural fibrosis leads to lung entrapment, resulting in dyspnea and respiratory failure. However, the mechanism of pleural fibrosis is poorly understood. METHODS miR-4739 levels were detected by miRNA array and real-time PCR. Real-time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to identify the expression profile of indicators related to fibrosis. Target gene of miR-4739 and promoter activity assay was measured by using dual-luciferase reporter assay system. In vivo, pleural fibrosis was evaluated by Masson staining and miR-4739 level was detected by In situ hybridization histochemistry. FINDINGS We found that bleomycin induced up-regulation of miR-4739 in pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs). Over-regulated miR-4739 mediated mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and increased collagen-I synthesis in PMCs. Investigation on the clinical specimens revealed that high levels of miR-4739 and low levels of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) associated with pleural fibrosis in patients. Then we next identified that miR-4739 targeted and down-regulated BMP-7 which further resulted in unbalance between Smad1/5/9 and Smad2/3 signaling. Lastly, in vivo studies revealed that miR-4739 over-expression induced pleural fibrosis, and exogenous BMP-7 prevented pleural fibrosis in mice. INTERPRETATION Our data indicated that miR-4739 targets BMP-7 which mediates pleural fibrosis. The miR-4739/BMP-7 axis is a promising therapeutic target for the disease. FUND: The National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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23
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Murthy P, Ekeke CN, Russell KL, Butler SC, Wang Y, Luketich JD, Soloff AC, Dhupar R, Lotze MT. Making cold malignant pleural effusions hot: driving novel immunotherapies. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1554969. [PMID: 30906651 PMCID: PMC6422374 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1554969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural effusions, arising from either primary mesotheliomas or secondary malignancies, heralds advanced disease and poor prognosis. Current treatments, including therapeutic thoracentesis and tube thoracostomy, are largely palliative. The immunosuppressive environment within the pleural cavity includes myeloid derived suppressor cells, T-regulatory cells, and dysfunctional T cells. The advent of effective immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies for lung cancer and other malignancies suggests a renewed examination of local and systemic therapies for this malady. Prior strategies reporting remarkable success, including instillation of the cytokine interleukin-2, perhaps coupled with checkpoint inhibitors, should be further evaluated in the modern era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Murthy
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chigozirim N. Ekeke
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kira L. Russell
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Samuel C. Butler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James D. Luketich
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam C. Soloff
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rajeev Dhupar
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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24
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Mesothelial to mesenchyme transition as a major developmental and pathological player in trunk organs and their cavities. Commun Biol 2018; 1:170. [PMID: 30345394 PMCID: PMC6191446 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal organs embedded in the cavities are lined by an epithelial monolayer termed the mesothelium. The mesothelium is increasingly implicated in driving various internal organ pathologies, as many of the normal embryonic developmental pathways acting in mesothelial cells, such as those regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, also drive disease progression in adult life. Here, we summarize observations from different animal models and organ systems that collectively point toward a central role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in driving tissue fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. Thus, drugs targeting pathways of mesothelium’s transition may have broad therapeutic benefits in patients suffering from these diseases. Tim Koopmans and Yuval Rinkevich review recent findings linking the mesothelium’s embryonic programs that drive epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition with adult pathologies, such as fibrosis, acute scarring, and cancer metastasis. They highlight new avenues for drug development that would target pathways of the mesothelium’s mesenchymal transition.
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25
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Li C, Rezov V, Joensuu E, Vartiainen V, Rönty M, Yin M, Myllärniemi M, Koli K. Pirfenidone decreases mesothelioma cell proliferation and migration via inhibition of ERK and AKT and regulates mesothelioma tumor microenvironment in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10070. [PMID: 29968778 PMCID: PMC6030186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28297-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. It is characterized by prominent extracellular matrix, mesenchymal tumor cell phenotypes and chemoresistance. In this study, the ability of pirfenidone to alter mesothelioma cell proliferation and migration as well as mesothelioma tumor microenvironment was evaluated. Pirfenidone is an anti-fibrotic drug used in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and has also anti-proliferative activities. Mesothelioma cell proliferation was decreased by pirfenidone alone or in combination with cisplatin. Pirfenidone also decreased significantly Transwell migration/invasion and 3D collagen invasion. This was associated with increased BMP pathway activity, decreased GREM1 expression and downregulation of MAPK/ERK and AKT/mTOR signaling. The canonical Smad-mediated TGF-β signaling was not affected by pirfenidone. However, pirfenidone blocked TGF-β induced upregulation of ERK and AKT pathways. Treatment of mice harboring mesothelioma xenografts with pirfenidone alone did not reduce tumor proliferation in vivo. However, pirfenidone modified the tumor microenvironment by reducing the expression of extracellular matrix associated genes. In addition, GREM1 expression was downregulated by pirfenidone in vivo. By reducing two major upregulated pathways in mesothelioma and by targeting tumor cells and the microenvironment pirfenidone may present a novel anti-fibrotic and anti-cancer adjuvant therapy for mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Veronika Rezov
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emmi Joensuu
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Vartiainen
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center and HUH diagnostics, Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Rönty
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and Fimlab laboratories, Pathology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Miao Yin
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjukka Myllärniemi
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Heart and Lung Center and HUH diagnostics, Pulmonary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Koli
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Mecham RP. Elastin in lung development and disease pathogenesis. Matrix Biol 2018; 73:6-20. [PMID: 29331337 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Elastin is expressed in most tissues that require elastic recoil. The protein first appeared coincident with the closed circulatory system, and was critical for the evolutionary success of the vertebrate lineage. Elastin is expressed by multiple cell types in the lung, including mesothelial cells in the pleura, smooth muscle cells in airways and blood vessels, endothelial cells, and interstitial fibroblasts. This highly crosslinked protein associates with fibrillin-containing microfibrils to form the elastic fiber, which is the physiological structure that functions in the extracellular matrix. Elastic fibers can be woven into many different shapes depending on the mechanical needs of the tissue. In large pulmonary vessels, for example, elastin forms continuous sheets, or lamellae, that separate smooth muscle layers. Outside of the vasculature, elastic fibers form an extensive fiber network that originates in the central bronchi and inserts into the distal airspaces and visceral pleura. The fibrous cables form a looping system that encircle the alveolar ducts and terminal air spaces and ensures that applied force is transmitted equally to all parts of the lung. Normal lung function depends on proper secretion and assembly of elastin, and either inhibition of elastin fiber assembly or degradation of existing elastin results in lung dysfunction and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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27
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Justet A, Joannes A, Besnard V, Marchal-Sommé J, Jaillet M, Bonniaud P, Sallenave JM, Solhonne B, Castier Y, Mordant P, Mal H, Cazes A, Borie R, Mailleux AA, Crestani B. FGF9 prevents pleural fibrosis induced by intrapleural adenovirus injection in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L781-L795. [PMID: 28729349 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00508.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) is necessary for fetal lung development and is expressed by epithelium and mesothelium. We evaluated the role of FGF9 overexpression on adenoviral-induced pleural injury in vivo and determined the biological effects of FGF9 on mesothelial cells in vitro. We assessed the expression of FGF9 and FGF receptors by mesothelial cells in both human and mouse lungs. Intrapleural injection of an adenovirus expressing human FGF9 (AdFGF9) or a control adenovirus (AdCont) was performed. Mice were euthanized at days 3, 5, and 14 Expression of FGF9 and markers of inflammation and myofibroblastic differentiation was studied by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, rat mesothelial cells were stimulated with FGF9 (20 ng/ml), and we assessed its effect on proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. FGF9 was expressed by mesothelial cells in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. FGF receptors, mainly FGFR3, were expressed by mesothelial cells in vivo in humans and mice. AdCont instillation induced diffuse pleural thickening appearing at day 5, maximal at day 14 The altered pleura cells strongly expressed α-smooth muscle actin and collagen. AdFGF9 injection induced maximal FGF9 expression at day 5 that lasted until day 14 FGF9 overexpression prevented pleural thickening, collagen and fibronectin accumulation, and myofibroblastic differentiation of mesothelial cells. In vitro, FGF9 decreased mesothelial cell migration and inhibited the differentiating effect of transforming growth factor-β1. We conclude that FGF9 has a potential antifibrotic effect on mesothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Justet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Joannes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Besnard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Joëlle Marchal-Sommé
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Madeleine Jaillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Philipe Bonniaud
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U866, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Jean Michel Sallenave
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Solhonne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yves Castier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Mordant
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique et Vasculaire, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Mal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation, Paris, France; and
| | - Aurélie Cazes
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Département d'Anatomie Pathologique, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Borie
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud A Mailleux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France.,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1152, Paris, France; .,Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Fibrosis Inflammation and Remodeling (DHU FIRE), Paris, France.,Labex Inflamex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, Paris, France
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28
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Rouka E, Vavougios GD, Solenov EI, Gourgoulianis KI, Hatzoglou C, Zarogiannis SG. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Claudin Interactome in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Evaluation of the Effect of Disease Phenotype, Asbestos Exposure, and CDKN2A Deletion Status. Front Physiol 2017; 8:156. [PMID: 28377727 PMCID: PMC5359316 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive tumor primarily associated with asbestos exposure. Early detection of MPM is restricted by the long latency period until clinical presentation, the ineffectiveness of imaging techniques in early stage detection and the lack of non-invasive biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity. In this study we used transcriptome data mining in order to determine which CLAUDIN (CLDN) genes are differentially expressed in MPM as compared to controls. Using the same approach we identified the interactome of the differentially expressed CLDN genes and assessed their expression profile. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of tumor histology, asbestos exposure, CDKN2A deletion status, and gender on the gene expression level of the claudin interactome. We found that 5 out of 15 studied CLDNs (4, 5, 8, 10, 15) and 4 out of 27 available interactors (S100B, SHBG, CDH5, CXCL8) were differentially expressed in MPM specimens vs. healthy tissues. The genes encoding the CLDN-15 and S100B proteins present differences in their expression profile between the three histological subtypes of MPM. Moreover, CLDN-15 is significantly under-expressed in the cohort of patients with previous history of asbestos exposure. CLDN-15 was also found significantly underexpressed in patients lacking the CDKN2A gene. These results warrant the detailed in vitro investigation of the role of CDLN-15 in the pathobiology of MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erasmia Rouka
- Gradute Program in Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios D Vavougios
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Thessaly Medical School Larissa, Greece
| | - Evgeniy I Solenov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirsk, Russia; Department of Physiology, Novosibirsk State UniversityNovosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantinos I Gourgoulianis
- Gradute Program in Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of ThessalyLarissa, Greece; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Thessaly Medical SchoolLarissa, Greece
| | - Chrissi Hatzoglou
- Gradute Program in Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of ThessalyLarissa, Greece; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Thessaly Medical SchoolLarissa, Greece; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ThessalyLarissa, Greece
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Gradute Program in Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of ThessalyLarissa, Greece; Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Thessaly Medical SchoolLarissa, Greece; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ThessalyLarissa, Greece
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29
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Li Y, Li X, Guan Q, Zhang C, Xu T, Dong Y, Bai X, Zhang W. Strategy for chemotherapeutic delivery using a nanosized porous metal-organic framework with a central composite design. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:1465-1474. [PMID: 28260892 PMCID: PMC5328663 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s119115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing drug delivery is an ongoing endeavor in pharmaceutics, especially when the efficacy of chemotherapy for cancer is concerned. In this study, we prepared and evaluated nanosized HKUST-1 (nanoHKUST-1), nanosized metal-organic drug delivery framework, loaded with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for potential use in cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS NanoHKUST-1 was prepared by reacting copper (II) acetate [Cu(OAc)2] and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (H3BTC) with benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) at room temperature (23.7°C±2.4°C). A central composite design was used to optimize 5-FU-loaded nanoHKUST-1. Contact time, ethanol concentration, and 5-FU:material ratios were the independent variables, and the entrapment efficiency of 5-FU was the response parameter measured. Powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nitrogen adsorption were used to determine the morphology of nanoHKUST-1. In addition, 5-FU release studies were conducted, and the in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated. RESULTS Entrapment efficiency and drug loading were 9.96% and 40.22%, respectively, while the small-angle X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed a regular porous structure. The SEM and TEM images of the nanoHKUST-1 confirmed the presence of round particles (diameter: approximately 100 nm) and regular polygon arrays of mesoporous channels of approximately 2-5 nm. The half-maximal lethal concentration (LC50) of the 5-FU-loaded nanoHKUST-1 was approximately 10 µg/mL. CONCLUSION The results indicated that nanoHKUST-1 is a potential vector worth developing as a cancer chemotherapeutic drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin
| | - Xiuyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujing Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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30
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Zhang Q, Ye H, Xiang F, Song LJ, Zhou LL, Cai PC, Zhang JC, Yu F, Shi HZ, Su Y, Xin JB, Ma WL. miR-18a-5p Inhibits Sub-pleural Pulmonary Fibrosis by Targeting TGF-β Receptor II. Mol Ther 2017; 25:728-738. [PMID: 28131417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2016.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease that typically leads to respiratory failure and death within 3-5 years of diagnosis. Sub-pleural pulmonary fibrosis is a pathological hallmark of IPF. Bleomycin treatment of mice is a an established pulmonary fibrosis model. We recently showed that bleomycin-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to pleural mesothelial cell (PMC) migration and sub-pleural pulmonary fibrosis. MicroRNA (miRNA) expression has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF. However, changes in miRNA expression in PMCs and sub-pleural fibrosis have not been reported. Using cultured PMCs and a pulmonary fibrosis animal model, we found that miR-18a-5p was reduced in PMCs treated with bleomycin and that downregulation of miR-18a-5p contributed to EMT of PMCs. Furthermore, we determined that miR-18a-5p binds to the 3' UTR region of transforming growth factor β receptor II (TGF-βRII) mRNA, and this is associated with reduced TGF-βRII expression and suppression of TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling. Overexpression of miR-18a-5p prevented bleomycin-induced EMT of PMC and inhibited bleomycin-induced sub-pleural fibrosis in mice. Taken together, our data indicate that downregulated miR-18a-5p mediates sub-pleural pulmonary fibrosis through upregulation of its target, TGF-βRII, and that overexpression of miR-18a-5p might therefore provide a novel approach to the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lin-Jie Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Jian-Chu Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Huan-Zhong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jian-Bao Xin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Wan-Li Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China; Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Ministry of Health of China, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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31
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Harada A, Uchino J, Harada T, Nakagaki N, Hisasue J, Fujita M, Takayama K. Vascular endothelial growth factor promoter-based conditionally replicative adenoviruses effectively suppress growth of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Cancer Sci 2016; 108:116-123. [PMID: 27783867 PMCID: PMC5276838 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) incidence is increasing drastically worldwide as an occupational disease resulting from asbestos exposure. However, no curative treatment for MM of advanced stage is available. Thus, new therapeutic approaches for MM are required. Because malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) cells spread along the pleural surface in most patients, MPM can be targeted using intrapleural therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of the intrapleural instillation of a replication‐competent adenovirus as an oncolytic agent against MPM. We constructed a vascular endothelial growth factor promoter‐based conditionally replicative adenovirus (VEGF‐CRAd) that replicates exclusively in VEGF‐expressing cells. All of the MM cell lines that we tested expressed VEGF mRNA, and VEGF‐CRAd selectively replicated in these MM cells and exerted a direct concentration‐dependent oncolytic effect in vitro. Furthermore, our in vivo studies showed that pre‐infection of MM cells with VEGF‐CRAd potently suppressed MPM tumor formation in nude mice, and that intrapleural instillation of VEGF‐CRAd prolonged the survival time of tumor‐bearing mice. Our results indicate that VEGF‐CRAd exerts an oncolytic effect on MM cells and that intrapleural instillation of VEGF‐CRAd is safe and might represent a promising therapeutic strategy for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Harada
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junji Uchino
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taishi Harada
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Nakagaki
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Junko Hisasue
- Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Fujita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Takayama
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Snitow M, Lu M, Cheng L, Zhou S, Morrisey EE. Ezh2 restricts the smooth muscle lineage during mouse lung mesothelial development. Development 2016; 143:3733-3741. [PMID: 27578795 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
During development, the lung mesoderm generates a variety of cell lineages, including airway and vascular smooth muscle. Epigenetic changes in adult lung mesodermal lineages are thought to contribute towards diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, although the factors that regulate early lung mesoderm development are unknown. We show in mouse that the PRC2 component Ezh2 is required to restrict smooth muscle differentiation in the developing lung mesothelium. Mesodermal loss of Ezh2 leads to the formation of ectopic smooth muscle in the submesothelial region of the developing lung mesoderm. Loss of Ezh2 specifically in the developing mesothelium reveals a mesothelial cell-autonomous role for Ezh2 in repression of the smooth muscle differentiation program. Loss of Ezh2 derepresses expression of myocardin and Tbx18, which are important regulators of smooth muscle differentiation from the mesothelium and related cell lineages. Together, these findings uncover an Ezh2-dependent mechanism to restrict the smooth muscle gene expression program in the developing mesothelium and allow appropriate cell fate decisions to occur in this multipotent mesoderm lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Snitow
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - MinMin Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Su Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edward E Morrisey
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA .,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Center for Pulmonary Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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33
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Gulino GR, Polimeni M, Prato M, Gazzano E, Kopecka J, Colombatto S, Ghigo D, Aldieri E. Effects of Chrysotile Exposure in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells: Insights into the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Asbestos-Related Diseases. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2016; 124:776-784. [PMID: 26685284 PMCID: PMC4892914 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1409627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chrysotile asbestos accounts for > 90% of the asbestos used worldwide, and exposure is associated with asbestosis (asbestos-related fibrosis) and other malignancies; however, the molecular mechanisms involved are not fully understood. A common pathogenic mechanism for these malignancies is represented by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), through which epithelial cells undergo a morphological transformation to assume a mesenchymal phenotype. In the present work, we propose that chrysotile asbestos induces EMT through a mechanism involving a signaling pathway mediated by tranforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). OBJECTIVES We investigated the role of chrysotile asbestos in inducing EMT in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in this event. METHODS Human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) were incubated with 1 μg/cm2 chrysotile asbestos for ≤ 72 hr, and several markers of EMT were investigated. Experiments with specific inhibitors for TGF-β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and Akt were performed to confirm their involvement in asbestos-induced EMT. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blotting, and gelatin zymography were performed to detect mRNA and protein level changes for these markers. RESULTS Chrysotile asbestos activated a TGF-β-mediated signaling pathway, implicating the contributions of Akt, GSK-3β, and SNAIL-1. The activation of this pathway in BEAS-2B cells was associated with a decrease in epithelial markers (E-cadherin and β-catenin) and an increase in mesenchymal markers (α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, metalloproteinases, and fibronectin). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that chrysotile asbestos induces EMT, a common event in asbestos-related diseases, at least in part by eliciting the TGF-β-mediated Akt/GSK-3β/SNAIL-1 pathway. CITATION Gulino GR, Polimeni M, Prato M, Gazzano E, Kopecka J, Colombatto S, Ghigo D, Aldieri E. 2016. Effects of chrysotile exposure in human bronchial epithelial cells: insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of asbestos-related diseases. Environ Health Perspect 124:776-784; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rossana Gulino
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Manuela Polimeni
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Mauro Prato
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Joanna Kopecka
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Dario Ghigo
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Aldieri
- Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates “G. Scansetti,” University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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34
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Porcel JM, Statophoulos G, Lee YCG. Advances and controversies in pleural diseases. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:961-3. [PMID: 26150909 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.04.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José M Porcel
- 1 Pleural Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain ; 2 Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece ; 3 Respiratory Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, & Centre for Asthma, Allergy & Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Georgios Statophoulos
- 1 Pleural Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain ; 2 Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece ; 3 Respiratory Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, & Centre for Asthma, Allergy & Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Yun Chor Gary Lee
- 1 Pleural Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Lleida, Spain ; 2 Laboratory for Molecular Respiratory Carcinogenesis, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece ; 3 Respiratory Department, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, & Centre for Asthma, Allergy & Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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