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Li J, Huang Y, Song J, Li X, Zhang X, Zhou Z, Chen D, Ma PX, Peng W, Wang W, Zhou G. Cartilage regeneration using arthroscopic flushing fluid-derived mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a one-step rapid cross-linked hydrogel. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:202-215. [PMID: 30165202 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Many attempts have been made to repair articular cartilage defects, including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tissue engineering strategies. Although this approach shows promise, optimizing MSC sources and their delivery is challenging. This study was designed to test the feasibility of using MSCs found in the human arthroscopic flushing fluid (AFF) for cartilage regeneration, by incorporating them into a newly developed one-step rapid cross-linking hyper-branched polyPEGDA/HA hydrogel. AFF-MSCs were isolated from the original intra-articular flushing fluid of 10 patients prior to arthroscopic procedures. The hydrogel was fabricated with hyper-branched polyPEGDA and thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA). In vitro assays demonstrated that AFF-MSCs possessed the typical MSC morphology and phenotype, and maintained chondrogenic differentiation properties when encapsulated within the hydrogel. The AFF-MSC/hydrogel composite could significantly repair full-thickness cartilage defects generated in a rat model after 8 weeks of implantation; smooth cartilage was formed with evidence of hyaline cartilage formation. These data suggest that human AFF-MSCs are a novel and abundant MSC source that have high therapeutic value for cartilage regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Many attempts have been made to repair the defects of articular cartilage, including mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based tissue engineering strategies. Optimizing MSC sources and their delivery approaches still remain clinically challenging. Recent studies determined that MSCs derived from synovium and synovial fluid exhibited superior chondrogenic potential. However, no feasible methods to harvest these human tissues and cells have been impeding them for clinical application. Hereby, we explored a simple and easy accessible approach to obtain a new stem cell source from arthroscopic flushing fluid (AFF-MSCs), which probably contains plenty of MSCs from synovium and synovial fluid. Further experiments demonstrated that encapsulation of these stem cells with one-step rapid cross-linked polyPEGDA/HA hydrogel held very encouraging potential for cartilage regeneration.
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Deegan AJ, Wang W, Men S, Li Y, Song S, Xu J, Wang RK. Optical coherence tomography angiography monitors human cutaneous wound healing over time. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2018; 8:135-150. [PMID: 29675355 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2018.02.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background In vivo imaging of the complex cascade of events known to be pivotal elements in the healing of cutaneous wounds is a difficult but essential task. Current techniques are highly invasive, or lack the level of vascular and structural detail required for accurate evaluation, monitoring and treatment. We aimed to use an advanced optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based angiography (OCTA) technique for the non-invasive, high resolution imaging of cutaneous wound healing. Methods We used a clinical prototype OCTA to image, identify and track key vascular and structural adaptations known to occur throughout the healing process. Specific vascular parameters, such as diameter and density, were measured to aid our interpretations under a spatiotemporal framework. Results We identified multiple distinct, yet overlapping stages, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, and demonstrated the detailed vascularization and anatomical attributes underlying the multifactorial processes of dermatologic wound healing. Conclusions OCTA provides an opportunity to both qualitatively and quantitatively assess the vascular response to acute cutaneous damage and in the future, may help to ascertain wound severity and possible healing outcomes; thus, enabling more effective treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Deegan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wendy Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shaojie Men
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yuandong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shaozhen Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jingjiang Xu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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3
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Le N, Song S, Zhang Q, Wang RK. Robust principal component analysis in optical micro-angiography. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2017; 7:654-667. [PMID: 29312870 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2017.12.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent development of optical micro-angiography (OMAG) utilizes principal component analysis (PCA), where linear-regression filter is employed to separate static and blood flow signals within optical coherence tomography (OCT). While PCA is relatively simple and computationally efficient, the technique is sensitive to and easily skewed by outliers. In this paper, robust PCA (RPCA) is thus introduced to tackle this issue in traditional PCA. Methods We first provide brief theoretical background of PCA and RPCA in the context of OMAG where coherent (complex) OCT signals are utilized to contrast blood flow. We then compare PCA and RPCA on sets of 4D-OCT complex data (3 dimensions in space and 1 dimension in time), which are collected from microfluidic phantoms and in vivo nail-fold tissue. Results In phantom experiments, both analyses perform relatively well since there are little motion within our observation time window, albeit small tail-noise artifacts from PCA. In nail-fold experiment, PCA suffers from tissue motion, from which RPCA does not seem to be affected. Results from RPCA also show enhancements of other dynamic signals, which are likely from the intercellular fluid. This unwanted result is yet to be proven useful for clinical applications. Conclusions Traditional PCA method employs linear-regression filter and is sensitive to outliers (tail-noise and motion artifacts). RPCA method is robust against outliers, but is currently computationally expensive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhan Le
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shaozhen Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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4
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Hu F, Morhard R, Murphy HA, Zhu C, Ramanujam N. Dark field optical imaging reveals vascular changes in an inducible hamster cheek pouch model during carcinogenesis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:3247-3261. [PMID: 27699096 PMCID: PMC5030008 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.003247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we propose a low-cost cross-polarized dark field microscopy system for in vivo vascular imaging to detect head and neck cancer. A simple-to-use Gabor-filter-based image processing technique was developed to objectively and automatically quantify several important vascular features, including tortuosity, length, diameter and area fraction, from vascular images. Simulations were performed to evaluate the accuracies of vessel segmentation and feature extraction for our algorithm. Sensitivity and specificity for vessel segmentation of the Gabor masks both remained above 80% at all contrast levels when compared to gold-standard masks. Errors for vascular feature extraction were under 5%. Moreover, vascular contrast and vessel diameter were identified to be the two primary factors which affected the segmentation accuracies. After our algorithm was validated, we monitored the blood vessels in an inducible hamster cheek pouch carcinogen model over 17 weeks and quantified vascular features during carcinogenesis. A significant increase in vascular tortuosity and a significant decrease in vessel length were observed during carcinogenesis.
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5
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Wilson RH, Vishwanath K, Mycek MA. Optical methods for quantitative and label-free sensing in living human tissues: principles, techniques, and applications. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS 2016; 1:523-543. [PMID: 28824194 PMCID: PMC5560608 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2016.1221739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present an overview of quantitative and label-free optical methods used to characterize living biological tissues, with an emphasis on emerging applications in clinical tissue diagnostics. Specifically, this review focuses on diffuse optical spectroscopy, imaging, and tomography, optical coherence-based techniques, and non-linear optical methods for molecular imaging. The potential for non- or minimally-invasive assessment, quantitative diagnostics, and continuous monitoring enabled by these tissue-optics technologies provides significant promise for continued clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Wilson
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary-Ann Mycek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Kam J, Zhang Q, Lin J, Liu J, Wang RK, Rezaei K. Optical coherence tomography based microangiography findings in hydroxychloroquine toxicity. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:178-83. [PMID: 27190770 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2016.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography based microangiography (OMAG) is a new, non-invasive imaging modality capable of providing three dimentional (3D) retinal and choroidal microvascular maps without a need for exogenous dye. In this study, we evaluated the retinal and choroidal microvascular architecture of the macula in a patient with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) toxicity using OMAG. Detailed microvascular information of the retina and the underlying choroid showed loss of parafoveal outer retinal vasculature with sparing of the central fovea vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Kam
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Qinqin Zhang
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Lin
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kasra Rezaei
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, 2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Serpell C, Kostarelos K, Davis BG. Can Carbon Nanotubes Deliver on Their Promise in Biology? Harnessing Unique Properties for Unparalleled Applications. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2016; 2:190-200. [PMID: 27163049 PMCID: PMC4850505 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.6b00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylindrical sheets of hexagonally ordered carbon atoms, giving tubes with diameters on the order of a few nanometers and lengths typically in the micrometer range. They may be single- or multiwalled (SWCNTs and MWCNTs respectively). Since the seminal report of their synthesis in 1991, CNTs have fascinated scientists of all stripes. Physicists have been intrigued by their electrical, thermal, and vibrational potential. Materials scientists have worked on integrating them into ultrastrong composites and electronic devices, while chemists have been fascinated by the effects of curvature on reactivity and have developed new synthesis and purification techniques. However, to date no large-scale, real-life biotechnological CNT breakthrough has been industrially adopted and it is proving difficult to justify taking these materials forward into the clinic. We believe that these challenges are not the end of the story, but that a viable carbon nanotube biotechnology is one in which the unique properties of nanotubes bring about an effect that would be otherwise impossible. In this Outlook, we therefore seek to reframe the field by highlighting those biological applications in which the singular properties of CNTs provide some entirely new activity or biological effect as a pointer to "what could be".
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
J. Serpell
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
- School
of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University
of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NH, U.K.
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine
Lab, School of Medicine and National Graphene Institute, Faculty of
Medical & Human Sciences, University
of Manchester, AV Hill
Building, Manchester M13
9PT, U.K.
| | - Benjamin G. Davis
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, U.K.
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Li P, Sun Y, Hariri S, Zhou Z, Inamoto Y, Lee SJ, Shen TT, Wang RK. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography evaluation of ocular graft-versus-host disease: a case study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:163-70. [PMID: 25694966 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.11.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
To explore ocular graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) imaging of eyelids, tear meniscus, cornea and conjunctiva is performed in subsequent sessions on a patient who has ocular GVHD after allogeneic related donor stem cell transplant. The OCT results are presented together with those from a normal subject. OCT imaging is promising in visualizing several ocular GVHD manifestations, such as abnormal meibomian gland orifice (MGO), conjunctival keratinization, conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis, corneal epithelium opacification, thinning and sloughing. This case study demonstrates the capability of AS-OCT in the imaging and monitoring of ocular GVHD, which may be useful in the development of current ocular GVHD staging system and the clinical management for GVHD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Yichen Sun
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sepideh Hariri
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Zhehai Zhou
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Inamoto
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Stephanie J Lee
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Tueng T Shen
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- 1 Department of Bioengineering, 2 Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA ; 3 Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Taipei Division, New Taipei, Taiwan ; 4 Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Lin R, Chen J, Wang H, Yan M, Zheng W, Song L. Longitudinal label-free optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy of tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:23-9. [PMID: 25694950 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is a high-resolution imaging technology capable of label-free imaging of the morphology and functions of the microvasculature in vivo. Previous studies of angiogenesis by OR-PAM were carried out primarily with transgenic mice and the mouse ear model. While important findings have been generated using this approach, the application of OR-PAM to the more widely used subcutaneous dorsal tumor models remains challenging, largely due to the respiratory and cardiac motion artifacts, as well as the protruding tumor contours. METHODS AND MATERIALS A noninvasive dorsal skin-fold (N-DSF) model, along with adaptive z-scanning and a corresponding experimental protocol, is developed. Mammary carcinoma cells (4T1) were administered subcutaneously to the backs of female BALB/c mice for tumor inoculation. The mice were anesthetized using a mixture of isofluorane and oxygen. RESULTS In vivo OR-PAM of angiogenesis with subcutaneous dorsal tumor models in mice has been demonstrated. To test the performance of this method, we have monitored the growth of 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma in BALB/c mice over a period of 9 days. The major features of tumor angiogenesis, including the change of vascular tortuosity, the dilation of vessel diameters, and the increase of blood supply, have been clearly captured with OR-PAM. CONCLUSIONS In combination with N-DSF model, OR-PAM has demonstrated outstanding capacity to provide label-free monitoring of angiogenesis in tumor. Thus, OR-PAM is of great potential to find broad biomedical applications in the pathophysiological studies of tumor and the treatments for anti-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Lin
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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10
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Lin R, Chen J, Wang H, Yan M, Zheng W, Song L. Longitudinal label-free optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy of tumor angiogenesis in vivo. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:23-29. [PMID: 25694950 DOI: 10.3978/2fj.issn.2223-4292.2014.11.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is a high-resolution imaging technology capable of label-free imaging of the morphology and functions of the microvasculature in vivo. Previous studies of angiogenesis by OR-PAM were carried out primarily with transgenic mice and the mouse ear model. While important findings have been generated using this approach, the application of OR-PAM to the more widely used subcutaneous dorsal tumor models remains challenging, largely due to the respiratory and cardiac motion artifacts, as well as the protruding tumor contours. METHODS AND MATERIALS A noninvasive dorsal skin-fold (N-DSF) model, along with adaptive z-scanning and a corresponding experimental protocol, is developed. Mammary carcinoma cells (4T1) were administered subcutaneously to the backs of female BALB/c mice for tumor inoculation. The mice were anesthetized using a mixture of isofluorane and oxygen. RESULTS In vivo OR-PAM of angiogenesis with subcutaneous dorsal tumor models in mice has been demonstrated. To test the performance of this method, we have monitored the growth of 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma in BALB/c mice over a period of 9 days. The major features of tumor angiogenesis, including the change of vascular tortuosity, the dilation of vessel diameters, and the increase of blood supply, have been clearly captured with OR-PAM. CONCLUSIONS In combination with N-DSF model, OR-PAM has demonstrated outstanding capacity to provide label-free monitoring of angiogenesis in tumor. Thus, OR-PAM is of great potential to find broad biomedical applications in the pathophysiological studies of tumor and the treatments for anti-angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riqiang Lin
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Meng Yan
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Song
- Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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11
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Reif R, Baran U, Wang RK. Motion artifact and background noise suppression on optical microangiography frames using a naïve Bayes mask. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:4164-71. [PMID: 25089975 PMCID: PMC4303031 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.004164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a technique that allows for the three-dimensional (3D) imaging of small volumes of tissue (a few millimeters) with high resolution (∼10 μm). Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a method of processing OCT data, which allows for the extraction of the tissue vasculature with capillary resolution from the OCT images. Cross-sectional B-frame OMAG images present the location of the patent blood vessels; however, the signal-to-noise-ratio of these images can be affected by several factors such as the quality of the OCT system and the tissue motion artifact. This background noise can appear in the en face projection view image. In this work we propose to develop a binary mask that can be applied on the cross-sectional B-frame OMAG images, which will reduce the background noise while leaving the signal from the blood vessels intact. The mask is created by using a naïve Bayes (NB) classification algorithm trained with a gold standard image which is manually segmented by an expert. The masked OMAG images present better contrast for binarizing the image and quantifying the result without the influence of noise. The results are compared with a previously developed frequency rejection filter (FRF) method which is applied on the en face projection view image. It is demonstrated that both the NB and FRF methods provide similar vessel length fractions. The advantage of the NB method is that the results are applicable in 3D and that its use is not limited to periodic motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Reif
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave. NE, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Utku Baran
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, 185 Stevens Way, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave. NE, Seattle WA 98195, USA
- Corresponding author:
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12
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Reif R, Yousefi S, Choi WJ, Wang RK. Analysis of cross-sectional image filters for evaluating nonaveraged optical microangiography images. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:806-15. [PMID: 24663258 PMCID: PMC3978384 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical microangiography (OMAG) is a method that enables the noninvasive extraction of blood vessels within biological tissues. OMAG B-frames are prone to noise; therefore, techniques such as B-frame averaging have been applied to reduce these effects. A drawback of this method is that the total acquisition time and amount of data collected are increased; hence, the data are susceptible to motion artifacts and decorrelation. In this paper we propose using an image filter on a nonaveraged OMAG B-frame to reduce its noise. Consequently, B-frames comparable to the averaged OMAG B-frame are obtained, while reducing the total acquisition and processing time. The method is tested with two different systems, a high-resolution spectral domain and a relatively low-resolution swept-source optical coherence tomography system. It is demonstrated that the weighted average filter produces the lowest B-frame error; however, all filters produce comparable results when quantifying the en face projection view image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Reif
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave. NE, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Siavash Yousefi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave. NE, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Woo June Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave. NE, Seattle WA 98195, USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave. NE, Seattle WA 98195, USA
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Choi WJ, Wang RK. Volumetric cutaneous microangiography of human skin in vivo by VCSEL swept-source optical coherence tomography. QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2014; 44:740. [PMID: 25635163 PMCID: PMC4307845 DOI: 10.1070/qe2014v044n08abeh015542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) assessment of cutaneous microcirculation in human skin is essential in the identification of disease states in skin or other organs. Few 3D imaging techniques have revealed the skin micro-vasculatures non-invasively and with sufficient imaging depth. Here, we demonstrate volumetric cutaneous microangiography of the human skin in vivo that utilizes a 1.3 µm high-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). The swept source is based on a MEMS tunable vertical cavity surface emission laser (VCSEL) that is advantageous in terms of long coherence length over 50 mm and 100 nm spectral bandwidth that enables the visualization of microstructures within a few mm from the skin surface. We show that skin microvasculature can be delineated in 3D SS-OCT images using ultrahigh-sensitive optical microangiography (UHS-OMAG) with a correlation mapping mask, providing a contrast enhanced blood perfusion map with capillary flow sensitivity. 3D microangiograms of a healthy human finger are shown with distinct cutaneous vessel architectures from different dermal layers and even within hypodermis. These findings suggest that the OCT microangiography could be a beneficial biomedical assay to assess cutaneous vascular functions in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Address all correspondence to: Ruikang K. Wang, University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, Washington 98195; Tel: +1 206-616-5025; Fax: +1 206-685-3300;
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14
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Reif R, Zhi Z, Dziennis S, Nuttall AL, Wang RK. Changes in cochlear blood flow in mice due to loud sound exposure measured with Doppler optical microangiography and laser Doppler flowmetry. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2013; 3:235-42. [PMID: 24273740 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2013.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work we determined the contributions of loud sound exposure (LSE) on cochlear blood flow (CoBF) in an in vivo anesthetized mouse model. A broadband noise system (20 kHz bandwidth) with an intensity of 119 dB SPL, was used for a period of one hour to produce a loud sound stimulus. Two techniques were used to study the changes in blood flow, a Doppler optical microangiography (DOMAG) system; which can measure the blood flow within individual cochlear vessels, and a laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) system; which averages the blood flow within a volume (a hemisphere of ~1.5 mm radius) of tissue. Both systems determined that the blood flow within the cochlea is reduced due to the LSE stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Reif
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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