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Lee JS, Lee JS, Yun HJ, Chang H, Kim SM, Lee YS, Chang HS, Park CS. Prognosis of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer with Distant Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235784. [PMID: 36497268 PMCID: PMC9737297 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is derived from follicular thyroid cells and is associated with high mortality risk. Obtaining information to characterize ATC is difficult because ATC with distant metastasis is extremely rare. This study determined the clinical characteristics of ATC with distant metastasis. The medical records of 152 patients with ATC at Gangnam Severance Hospital were reviewed between January 2004 and March 2022. The primary endpoint was the overall survival of the total patient sample, patients with ATC and distant metastasis, and those with ATC and brain metastasis. Of the 152 patients with ATC, 88 had distant metastasis at diagnosis. The 5-year disease-specific survival was 24% for total ATC and 10% for ATC with distant metastasis. Survival for >1 year was 32% for total ATC and 15% for ATC with distant metastasis. The median survival rate differed significantly between the total ATC and ATC with distant metastasis groups (228.5 vs. 171 days). Among the ATC cases, 11% had brain metastasis; thus, brain MRI or CT is worth considering at diagnosis and follow-up, even if there were no statistical difference in overall survival between patients with ATC with and without brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Lee
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Sung Lee
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Jun Yun
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojin Chang
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Mo Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2019-3370
| | - Yong Sang Lee
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Seok Chang
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Institute of Refractory Thyroid Cancer, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- Department of Surgery, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10414, Republic of Korea
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Nakazawa T, Nagasaka T, Yoshida K, Hasegawa A, Guo F, Wu D, Hiroshima K, Katoh R. Expression of T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:204. [PMID: 35971106 PMCID: PMC9377113 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-01113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint proteins have not been fully examined in follicular cell-derived thyroid carcinoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive carcinomas. Even multimodal treatment does not result in favorable clinical outcomes for patients with ATC. Anti-tumor immunity has therefore been highlighted as having therapeutic promise for ATC. METHODS We examined a novel immune checkpoint receptor, T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT), in variable thyroid lesions: adenomatous goiter, follicular adenoma, and thyroid carcinoma (TC) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS Our IHC results showed that TIGIT expression was detected in cancer cells of MTC and high-grade TC: poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and ATC. Neoplastic cells were positive for TIGIT in four of five MTCs (80.0%), 17 of 31 ATCs (54.8%) and in 3 of 12 PDTCs (25.0%). TIGIT was not detected in any adenomatous goiters, thyroid benign tumors, or differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTCs). Intriguingly, ATC cells showing pleomorphic/giant cell features were positive for TIGIT, while ATC cells with other cell morphologies lacked the immunoreactivity. Intra-tumoral immune cell was inclined to be enriched in TIGI-positive ATC. Although coexisting papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) components demonstrated high-grade microscopic features, neither the PTC nor follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) components expressed TIGT in any composite ATCs. CONCLUSION TIGIT was immunohistochemically found in MTC with high frequency and partially in high-grade TC. TIGIT expression in cancer cells may be beneficial for a potential utility in MTC and a subset of high-grade TC, especially ATC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Nakazawa
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center (TYMC), 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, 276-8524, Japan.
| | - Takuya Nagasaka
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center (TYMC), 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, 276-8524, Japan
| | - Keita Yoshida
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center (TYMC), 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, 276-8524, Japan
| | - Atsuko Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center (TYMC), 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, 276-8524, Japan
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center (TYMC), 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, 276-8524, Japan
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center (TYMC), 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, 276-8524, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiroshima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Yachiyo Medical Center (TYMC), 477-96 Owada-Shinden, Yachiyo-shi, Chiba, 276-8524, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
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Yao X, Zhang Q. Function and Clinical Significance of Circular RNAs in Thyroid Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:925389. [PMID: 35936780 PMCID: PMC9353217 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.925389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the leading cause and mortality of endocrine malignancies worldwide. Tumourigenesis involves multiple molecules including circular RNAs (circRNAs). circRNAs with covalently closed single-stranded structures have been identified as a type of regulatory RNA because of their high stability, abundance, and tissue/developmental stage-specific expression. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that various circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in thyroid tissues, cells, exosomes, and body fluids in patients with TC. CircRNAs have been identified as either oncogenic or tumour suppressor roles in regulating tumourigenesis, tumour metabolism, metastasis, ferroptosis, and chemoradiation resistance in TC. Importantly, circRNAs exert pivotal effects on TC through various mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges or decoys, interacting with RNA-binding proteins, and translating functional peptides. Recent studies have suggested that many different circRNAs are associated with certain clinicopathological features, implying that the altered expression of circRNAs may be characteristic of TC. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances on the dysregulation, functions, molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications of circRNAs in TC. This review also aimes to improve our understanding of the functions of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer, and to discuss the future perspectives on strategies targeting circRNAs in TC.
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Baldini E, Presutti D, Favoriti P, Santini S, Papoff G, Tuccilli C, Carletti R, Di Gioia C, Lori E, Ferent IC, Gagliardi F, Catania A, Pironi D, Tripodi D, D’Andrea V, Sorrenti S, Ruberti G, Ulisse S. In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor WX-340 on Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073724. [PMID: 35409084 PMCID: PMC8999125 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system is associated with tumor invasion, neo-angiogenesis, and metastatic spread, and has been shown to positively correlate with a poor prognosis in several cancer types, including thyroid carcinomas. In recent years, several uPA inhibitors were found to have anticancer effects in preclinical studies and in some phase II clinical trials, which prompted us to evaluate uPA as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of patients affected by the most aggressive form of thyroid cancer, the anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). In this study, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo effects of WX-340, a highly specific and selective uPA inhibitor, on two ATC-derived cell lines, CAL-62 and BHT-101. The results obtained indicated that WX-340 was able to reduce cell adhesion and invasiveness in a dose-dependent manner in both cell lines. In addition, WX-340 increased uPA receptor (uPAR) protein levels without affecting its plasma membrane concentration. However, this compound was unable to significantly reduce ATC growth in a xenograft model, indicating that uPA inhibition alone may not have the expected therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enke Baldini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Dario Presutti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Pasqualino Favoriti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Simonetta Santini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuliana Papoff
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Chiara Tuccilli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Raffaella Carletti
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Cira Di Gioia
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (C.D.G.)
| | - Eleonora Lori
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Iulia Catalina Ferent
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Federica Gagliardi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Antonio Catania
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniele Pironi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Vito D’Andrea
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Salvatore Sorrenti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Giovina Ruberti
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), National Research Council (CNR), Monterotondo, 00015 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (S.S.); (G.P.); (G.R.)
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Surgical Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (E.B.); (P.F.); (C.T.); (E.L.); (I.C.F.); (F.G.); (A.C.); (D.P.); (D.T.); (V.D.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Jiang L, Zhang S, An N, Chai G, Ye C. ASPM Promotes the Progression of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinomas by Regulating the Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:5316102. [PMID: 35387319 PMCID: PMC8977346 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5316102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated protein (ASPM) is closely correlated with several malignant tumors, whereas little is known about the role of ASPM in anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Herein, we sought to investigate whether ASPM is involved in the pathogenesis of ATC and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The data from two data sets (GSE76039 and GSE33630) were extracted and analyzed for the expression of ASPM, followed by a further validation in collected ATC patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The effect of ASPM on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cell cycle was explored in ATC cell lines by in vitro inhibition of ASPM, while ASPM-mediated tumorigenicity was investigated in a xenograft tumor model. The involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was also investigated. RESULTS ASPM was overexpressed in ATC patients and cell lines. In vitro knockdown of ASPM inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion capabilities of ATC cells and induced cell cycle arrest. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was suppressed in response to ASPM inhibition, while rescue of β-catenin expression restored the impaired biological functions of ATC cells. In vivo transplantation of ASPM-knockdown cells inhibited the growth of tumors. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of ASPM promotes the malignant properties of ATC cells and contributes to tumorigenesis through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jiang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning An
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoqing Chai
- Department of General Surgery, The Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Jiangxia District, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhong Ye
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Jung HW, Hwang JH. Anticancer Effects of Ursi Fel Extract and Its Active Compound, Ursodeoxycholic Acid, in FRO Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175309. [PMID: 34500742 PMCID: PMC8434085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most fatal human malignancies. Ursi Fel (UF) is the bile of a brown bear that has been traditionally used for heat clearance and toxin relief in Korean and Chinese medicines. In this study, we determined the anticancer effects of a UF extract and its active compound, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), in FRO human ATC cells. FRO cells were treated with UF extract and UDCA at different concentrations for various durations. Cell viability was measured using an MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometric analysis following Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, and Hoechst staining was used to observe nuclear fragmentation. The expression of pro-apoptotic (Bax, caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), and angiogenetic (TGF-β, VEGF, N-cadherin, and sirtuin-1) proteins and the phosphorylation of Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by western blot analysis. Treatment with UF extract at 10, 25, and 50 μg/mL and UDCA at 25, 50, and 100 μM/mL significantly inhibited the growth of FRO cells in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry and Hoechst staining revealed an increase in the apoptosis of FRO cells mediated by UF extract and UDCA in a dose-dependent manner. UF extract (25 and 50 μg) and UDCA (50 and 100 μM) significantly increased the expression of Bax, caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2, TGF-β, VEGF, N-cadherin, and sirtuin-1 in FRO cells. Furthermore, UF extract and UDCA treatment stimulated Akt phosphorylation and inhibited mTOR phosphorylation in these cells. These results indicate that UF extract and UDCA exert anticancer properties in FRO cells by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis via regulating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Jung
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Dongdae-ro 123, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Ji Hye Hwang
- Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-770-1300
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Kim HJ, Chang HS, Ryu YH. Prognostic Role of Pre-Treatment [ 18F]FDG PET/CT in Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164228. [PMID: 34439382 PMCID: PMC8391441 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study evaluates the prognostic capability of the 18fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) which can be used as a potential biomarker reflecting glycolysis. ATC is a rare, but highly lethal disease with a one-year overall survival of 20%, and its prognostic factors have rarely been investigated. In this study, survival data correlated with PET/CT derived parameters provide evidence that FDG uptake assessed by PET/CT is a prognostic marker, which may have a clinical impact on the management of patients with ATC. Abstract Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare but highly lethal disease. Therefore, its diagnosis at an early stage and a rapid and accurate establishment of a proper treatment strategy is warranted. Tumor glycolysis assessed by 18fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is predictive of many cancers despite its limited proven applicability to ATC. We investigated the prognostic capability of [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with ATC. Forty patients with ATC were subjected to [18F]FDG PET/CT for pre-treatment evaluation. The tumor size and stage, overall survival (OS), and PET parameters, including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were analyzed. The 1-year OS rate was 17.5% with a mean life expectancy of 7.1 months. Distant metastasis was detected solely using PET/CT in 37.5% of cases. High SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were significantly associated with poor prognosis (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001, respectively). A significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed in OS between patients with a high and low tumor SUVmax. Glucose metabolism assessed by [18F]FDG PET/CT was significantly associated with the OS of patients with ATC. PET-derived parameters such as SUVmax, MTV, and TLG are useful prognostic biomarkers for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin 16995, Korea;
| | - Hang-Seok Chang
- Department of Surgery, Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.C.); (Y.H.R.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3510 (H.-S.C.)
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-S.C.); (Y.H.R.); Tel.: +82-2-2019-3510 (H.-S.C.)
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Al-Qurayshi Z, Sullivan CB, Khadra H, Shama M, Lee GS, Kandil E. Presentation and outcomes of patients with undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma: a national perspective. Gland Surg 2021; 10:1971-1979. [PMID: 34268081 DOI: 10.21037/gs-20-927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Undifferentiated thyroid cancer (UTC) accounts for only 1-2% of all thyroid cancers. UTC is one of the most aggressive solid tumors with high metastatic rates and mortality. The objectives of this study are to examine the characteristics of patients with UTC and their overall survival. Methods Retrospective analysis utilizing the National Cancer Database, 2004-2014 is performed. The study population included adults (≥18 years) patients with UTC or differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), which served as a reference group. Results A total of 1,870 UTC and 209,707 DTC patients were identified. The median follow-up time of UTC patients was 3.9 months (interquartile range: 1.6-9.0 months). When compared to DTC patients, patients with UTC were more likely to be ≥45-year-old [OR: 48.62, 95% CI: (35.75, 66.14), P<0.001], male [OR: 2.02, 95% CI: (1.84, 2.22), P<0.001], and/or black [OR: 1.27, 95% CI: (1.08, 1.49), P=0.004]. UTC patients were more likely to have Medicaid/Medicare or no insurance and treated in low-volume hospitals (P<0.001). Overall survival in patients with UTC was lower in patients older than 65 years [OR: 1.63, 95% CI: (1.12, 2.38), P=0.011], with multiple comorbidities [OR: 1.65, 95% CI: (1.02, 2.67), P=0.040] and/or presented with metastatic disease [OR: 1.93, 95% CI: (1.71, 2.17), P<0.001]. Compared to thyroidectomy alone, patients without metastasis who received adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy had a better overall survival (P<0.001 each). In patients with metastatic disease, any intervention or combination of interventions other than thyroidectomy alone improved survival (P<0.05). Conclusions Older age, male, and/or black are associated with a higher prevalence of UTC compared to DTC. Although overall survival is poor in UTC, utilization of multi-modal treatment may improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Al-Qurayshi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher Blake Sullivan
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Helmi Khadra
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Mohamed Shama
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Grace S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Lu YL, Huang YT, Wu MH, Chou TC, Wong RJ, Lin SF. Efficacy of adavosertib therapy against anaplastic thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2021; 28:311-324. [PMID: 33769310 PMCID: PMC8197631 DOI: 10.1530/erc-21-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Wee1 is a kinase that regulates the G2/M progression by the inhibition of CDK1, which is critical for ensuring DNA damage repair before initiation of mitotic entry. Targeting Wee1 may be a potential strategy in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer, a rare but lethal disease. The therapeutic effects of adavosertib, a Wee1 inhibitor for anaplastic thyroid cancer was evaluated in this study. Adavosertib inhibited cell growth in three anaplastic thyroid cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis revealed cells were accumulated in the G2/M phase. Adavosertib induced caspase-3 activity and led to apoptosis. Adavosertib monotherapy showed significant retardation of the growth of two anaplastic thyroid cancer tumor models. The combination of adavosertib with dabrafenib and trametinib revealed strong synergism in vitro and demonstrated robust suppression of tumor growth in vivo in anaplastic thyroid cancer xenograft models with BRAFV600E mutation. The combination of adavosertib with either sorafenib or lenvatinib also demonstrated synergism in vitro and had strong inhibition of tumor growth in vivo in an anaplastic thyroid cancer xenograft model. No appreciable toxicity appeared in mice treated with either a single agent or combination treatment. Our findings suggest adavosertib holds the promise for the treatment of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Current address: PD Science, LLC., 599 Mill Run, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Richard J. Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Corresponding author: Shu-Fu Lin, Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; ; Tel: +886 2 22630588 Ext 6178; Fax: +886 3 3288257
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10
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Lv C, Gao Y, Yao J, Li Y, Lou Q, Zhang M, Tian Q, Yang Y, Sun D. High Iodine Induces the Proliferation of Papillary and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells via AKT/Wee1/CDK1 Axis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:622085. [PMID: 33796458 PMCID: PMC8008130 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.622085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
High iodine can alter the proliferative activity of thyroid cancer cells, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Here, the role of high iodine in the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells was studied. In this study, we demonstrated that high iodine induced the proliferation of BCPAP and 8305C cells via accelerating cell cycle progression. The transcriptome analysis showed that there were 295 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BCPAP and 8305C cells induced by high iodine, among which CDK1 expression associated with the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells induced by high iodine. Moreover, the western blot analysis revealed that cells exposed to high iodine enhanced the phosphorylation activation of AKT and the expression of phospho-Wee1 (Ser642), while decreasing the expression of phospho-CDK1 (Tyr15). Importantly, the inhibition of AKT phosphorylation revered the expression of CDK1 induced by high iodine and arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, decreasing the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells induced by high iodine. Taken together, these findings suggested that high iodine induced the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells through AKT-mediated Wee1/CDK1 axis, which provided new insights into the regulation of proliferation of thyroid cancer cells by iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Lv
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Jinyin Yao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Li
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Qun Lou
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Meichen Zhang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Qiushi Tian
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
| | - Dianjun Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin, China
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11
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Synergistic Anticancer Activity of N-Hydroxy-7-(2-Naphthylthio) Heptanomide, Sorafenib, and Radiation Therapy in Patient-Derived Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020536. [PMID: 33430361 PMCID: PMC7825761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is an undifferentiated and advanced form of thyroid cancer, accompanied with a high ratio of epigenetic adjustment, which occurs more than genetic mutations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the synergistic anticancer effect (in vitro and in vivo) of the new combination of N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) heptanomide (HNHA) and sorafenib with radiation therapy in pre-clinical models of ATC. The ATC cell lines, YUMC-A1 and YUMC-A2, were isolated from the current patients who were treated with HNHA and sorafenib, either as monotherapy or combination therapy. Synergistic anticancer effect of the combination therapy on the intracellular signaling pathways and cell cycle was assessed via flow cytometry and immunoblot analysis. To examine tumor shrinkage activity in vivo, an ATC cell line-derived mouse xenograft model was used. Results showed that the combination therapy of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation promoted tumor suppression via caspase cleavage and cell cycle arrest in patient-derived ATC. In addition, the combination therapy of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation was more effective against ATC than therapy with HNHA or sorafenib with radiation. Thus, the combination of HNHA and sorafenib with radiation may be used as a novel curative approach for the treatment of ATC.
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12
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Lin SF, Yeh CN, Huang YT, Chou TC, Wong RJ. Therapeutic inhibition of polo-like kinases in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:803-814. [PMID: 33306266 PMCID: PMC7893987 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo‐like kinases (PLKs) are potent regulators of cell proliferation and cell survival. Polo‐like kinases are potential targets in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a rare but deadly disease. The therapeutic effects of volasertib, a PLK inhibitor, was evaluated for the treatment of ATC either alone or in combination with sorafenib. Volasertib decreased cell viability in three ATC cell lines (8505C, 8305C, and KAT18) in a dose‐dependent manner. Volasertib caused ATC cells to accumulate in G2/M phase, activated caspase‐3 activity, and induced apoptosis. Combination therapy using volasertib and sorafenib in ATC cells showed mostly synergistic effects. In vivo studies revealed that combination therapy of volasertib and sorafenib was effective in the treatment of 8505C xenografts. Single‐agent volasertib treatment was sufficient to retard 8305C tumor growth. No substantial morbidity was observed in animals that received either single‐agent or combination treatment. These preclinical findings suggest that volasertib could be an effective drug in treating ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Rakhsh-Khorshid H, Samimi H, Torabi S, Sajjadi-Jazi SM, Samadi H, Ghafouri F, Asgari Y, Haghpanah V. Network analysis reveals essential proteins that regulate sodium-iodide symporter expression in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21440. [PMID: 33293661 PMCID: PMC7722919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most rare and lethal form of thyroid cancer and requires effective treatment. Efforts have been made to restore sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) expression in ATC cells where it has been downregulated, yet without complete success. Systems biology approaches have been used to simplify complex biological networks. Here, we attempt to find more suitable targets in order to restore NIS expression in ATC cells. We have built a simplified protein interaction network including transcription factors and proteins involved in MAPK, TGFβ/SMAD, PI3K/AKT, and TSHR signaling pathways which regulate NIS expression, alongside proteins interacting with them. The network was analyzed, and proteins were ranked based on several centrality indices. Our results suggest that the protein interaction network of NIS expression regulation is modular, and distance-based and information-flow-based centrality indices may be better predictors of important proteins in such networks. We propose that the high-ranked proteins found in our analysis are expected to be more promising targets in attempts to restore NIS expression in ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Rakhsh-Khorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Apoptosis Research Centre, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hilda Samimi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, Tehran, 14114, Iran
| | - Shukoofeh Torabi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Mahmoud Sajjadi-Jazi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, Tehran, 14114, Iran.,Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Samadi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, Tehran, 14114, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghafouri
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, Tehran, 14114, Iran.,Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Asgari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Italia St., Tehran, 1417755469, Iran.
| | - Vahid Haghpanah
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dr. Shariati Hospital, North Kargar Ave, Tehran, 14114, Iran. .,Personalized Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Bai Y, Kakudo K, Jung CK. Updates in the Pathologic Classification of Thyroid Neoplasms: A Review of the World Health Organization Classification. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2020; 35:696-715. [PMID: 33261309 PMCID: PMC7803616 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2020.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in medical sciences and evidence-based medicine have led to momentous changes in classification and management of thyroid neoplasms. Much progress has been made toward avoiding overdiagnosis and overtreatment of thyroid cancers. The new 2017 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of thyroid neoplasms updated the diagnostic criteria and molecular and genetic characteristics reflecting the biology and behavior of the tumors, and newly introduced the category of borderline malignancy or uncertain malignant potential. Some neoplasms were subclassified, renamed, or redefined as a specific entity. This review introduces changes in the fourth edition WHO classification of thyroid tumors and updates the contemporary diagnosis and classification of thyroid tumors. We also discuss several challenges with the proposal of new diagnostic entities, since they have unique histopathologic and molecular features and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Bai
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing,
China
| | - Kennichi Kakudo
- Department of Pathology and Thyroid Disease Center, Izumi City General Hospital, Izumi,
Japan
- Department of Human Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama,
Japan
| | - Chan Kwon Jung
- Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
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15
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Su X, Liu J, Zhang H, Gu Q, Zhou X, Ji M, Yao D. Lenvatinib Promotes the Antitumor Effect of Doxorubicin in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11183-11192. [PMID: 33173310 PMCID: PMC7646435 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s278349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a kind of rare thyroid cancer with very poor prognosis. Doxorubicin has been approved in ATC treatment as a single agent, but monotherapy still shows no improvement of the total survival in advanced ATC. Lenvatinib was investigated with encouraging results in treating patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, antitumor efficacy of combination therapy with lenvatinib and doxorubicin remains largely unclear. Materials and Methods The antitumor efficacy of combination therapy with lenvatinib and doxorubicin on ATC cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT assay and colony formation. Flow cytometry was employed to assess ATC cells’ apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in response to combination therapy. Transwell assay was used to test the migration and invasion in response to combination therapy. Xenograft models were used to test its in vivo antitumor activity. Results Lenvatinib monotherapy was less effective than doxorubicin in treating ATC cell lines and xenograft model. The combination therapy of lenvatinib and doxorubicin significantly inhibited ATC cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice, and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest as compared to lenvatinib or doxorubicin monotherapy. Conclusion Lenvatinib promotes the antitumor effect of doxorubicin in ATC cell and xenograft model. The lenvatinib/doxorubicin combination may be a potential candidate therapeutic approach for anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Su
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinrui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiju Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Demao Yao
- Department of Geriatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China
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16
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Clinical Outcome and Toxicity in the Treatment of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer in Elderly Patients. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103231. [PMID: 33050286 PMCID: PMC7600138 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The present study aims to evaluate the outcomes and toxicity of elderly anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) patients receiving (chemo)radiotherapy, as well as to identify prognostic factors. Patients and methods: A systematic review using the MEDLINE/PubMed and Cochrane databases was performed. Individual data from all eligible studies were extracted, and a pooled analysis (n = 186) was conducted to examine patient characteristics and treatment. All consecutive ATC patients (≥65 years) treated between 2009 and 2019 at our institution were evaluated for outcomes concerning progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) probabilities and treatment-related toxicity. Results: The systematic review and pooled analysis identified age as a prognostic factor. The median OS of our patient cohort (n = 26) was three months (range = 0–125). The 6-, 12- and 24-month survival rates were 35%, 22% and 11%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, a Karnofsky performance status of >70%, the Union for International Cancer Control Tumor–Node–Metastasis classification, multimodal therapy and an EQD2 of >49 Gy were correlated with longer OS and PFS. The acute grade 3 toxicity of dysphagia, dyspnea, dermatitis, mucositis and dysphonia was found in 23%, 15%, 12%, 12% and 8% of patients. Conclusion: Age appears to be a prognostic factor in ATC. Elderly ATC patients can tolerate multimodal treatment and achieve a promising outcome. Prospective studies need to confirm our findings.
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17
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Liao Y, Gao Y, Chang A, Li Z, Wang H, Cao J, Gu W, Tang R. Melatonin synergizes BRAF-targeting agent dabrafenib for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer by inhibiting AKT/hTERT signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12119-12130. [PMID: 32935463 PMCID: PMC7579709 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a selective inhibitor of BRAF kinase, dabrafenib has shown potent anti‐tumour activities in patients with BRAFV600E mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer. However, the resistance of thyroid cancer cells to dabrafenib limited its therapeutic effect. The effects of melatonin and dabrafenib as monotherapy or in combination on the proliferation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, migration and invasion of anaplastic thyroid cancer cells were examined. The molecular mechanism involved in drug combinations was also revealed. Melatonin enhanced dabrafenib‐mediated inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted dabrafenib‐induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in anaplastic thyroid cancer cells. Molecular mechanistic studies further uncovered that melatonin synergized with dabrafenib to inhibit AKT and EMT signalling pathways. Furthermore, melatonin and dabrafenib synergistically inhibited the expression of hTERT, and the inhibition of cell viability and the induction of cell cycle arrest mediated by the combination of these two drugs were reversed by hTERT overexpression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that melatonin synergized the anti‐tumour effect of dabrafenib in human anaplastic thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting multiple signalling pathways, and provided new insights in exploring the potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Liao
- Shanghai Center for Thyroid Disease, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - An Chang
- Department of Drug Administration, First affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zongjuan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huayu Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ranran Tang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Hegedűs L, Rittler D, Garay T, Stockhammer P, Kovács I, Döme B, Theurer S, Hager T, Herold T, Kalbourtzis S, Bankfalvi A, Schmid KW, Führer D, Aigner C, Hegedűs B. HDAC Inhibition Induces PD-L1 Expression in a Novel Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cell Line. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:2523-2535. [PMID: 32591993 PMCID: PMC7471186 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-020-00834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
While papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has largely favorable prognosis, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but extremely aggressive malignancy with grim clinical outcome. Even though new therapeutic options are emerging for ATC, additional preclinical models and novel combinations are needed for specific subsets of patients. We established a novel cell line (PF49) from the malignant pleural effusion of a 68-year-old male patient with ATC that rapidly transformed from a BRAF and TERT promoter mutant PTC. PF49 cells demonstrated a robust migratory activity in vitro and strong invasive capacity in vivo in a pleural carcinosis model. Combined BRAF and MEK inhibition decreased the proliferation and migration of PF49 cells, however could not induce cell death. Importantly, HDAC inhibitor treatment with SAHA or valproic acid induced cell cycle arrest and strongly increased PD-L1 expression of the tumor cells. Induction of PD-L1 expression was also present when paclitaxel-cisplatin chemotherapeutic treatment was combined with HDAC inhibitor treatment. Increased PD-L1 expression after HDAC inhibition was recapitulated in an international ATC cell model. Our data suggest that HDAC inhibition alone or in combination with standard chemotherapy may potentiate anaplastic thyroid cancer cells for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Hegedűs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dominika Rittler
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garay
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Stockhammer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildikó Kovács
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University-National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hager
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thomas Herold
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stavros Kalbourtzis
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bankfalvi
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kurt W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Führer
- Department of Endocrinology, University Clinic Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Balázs Hegedűs
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen - Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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19
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Garcia D, Siegel JB, Mahvi DA, Zhang B, Mahvi DM, Camp ER, Graybill W, Savage SJ, Giordano A, Giordano S, Carneiro-Pla D, Javid M, Lesher AP, Abbott A, DeMore NK. What is Elective Oncologic Surgery in the Time of COVID-19? A Literature Review of the Impact of Surgical Delays on Outcomes in Patients with Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 3:1-11. [PMID: 34142081 PMCID: PMC8208646 DOI: 10.31487/j.cor.2020.06.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has spread beyond those infected with SARS-CoV-2. Its widespread consequences have affected cancer patients whose surgeries may be delayed in order to minimize exposure and conserve resources. Methods Experts in each surgical oncology subspecialty were selected to perform a review of the relevant literature. Articles were obtained through PubMed searches in each cancer subtype using the following terms: delay to surgery, time to surgery, outcomes, and survival. Results Delays in surgery > 4 weeks in breast cancer, ductal carcinoma in situ, T1 pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and pediatric osteosarcoma, negatively impacted survival. Studies on hepatocellular cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma (Stage I) demonstrated reduced survival with delays > 3 months. Conclusion Studies have shown that short-term surgical delays can result in negative impacts on patient outcomes in multiple cancer types as well as in situ carcinoma. Conversely, other cancers such as gastric cancer, advanced melanoma and pancreatic cancer, well-differentiated thyroid cancer, and several genitourinary cancers demonstrated no significant outcome differences with surgical delays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Garcia
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julie B Siegel
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David A Mahvi
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Biqi Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M Mahvi
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - E Ramsay Camp
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Whitney Graybill
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Stephen J Savage
- Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Giordano
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Denise Carneiro-Pla
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Urology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mahsa Javid
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Aaron P Lesher
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Abbott
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nancy Klauber DeMore
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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20
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Singla G, Singla T, Das S, Arora R, Singla S. Cytomorphological diagnosis of rapidly growing, hard, non-tender thyroid lesion. Cytojournal 2020; 17:14. [PMID: 32636921 PMCID: PMC7332510 DOI: 10.25259/cytojournal_6_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singla
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanisha Singla
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sumanta Das
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi Arora
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Singla
- Department of Pathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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21
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Ma L, Fei H. Antimalarial drug artesunate is effective against chemoresistant anaplastic thyroid carcinoma via targeting mitochondrial metabolism. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:123-130. [PMID: 32036542 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09824-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid malignancies and resistant to chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic strategy is required for better management of ATC. In this work, we show that artesunate, an antimalarial drug, is active against chemoresistant ATC cells. Artesunate dose-dependently inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in chemo-sensitive (8505C and KAT-4) and -resistant (8505C-r and KAT-4-r) ATC cells, and acts synergistically with doxorubicin. Using multiple xenograft mouse models, artesunate is active against chemo-sensitive and -resistant ATC cells in vivo at doses that do not cause toxicity in mice. Our mechanism analysis reveals that artesunate acts on ATC cells through suppressing mitochondrial functions without affecting glycolysis, leading to oxidative stress and damage, regardless of whether they are sensitive or resistant to chemotherapy. Interestingly, KAT-4-r cells demonstrate decreased glycolysis, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial respiration compared to KAT-4 cells whereas such phenomenon is not observed between 8505C and 8505C-r cells. This suggests that some but not all ATC cells gain enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis after prolonged exposure to chemotherapy drug, which may explain the different sensitivities of 8505C-r and KAT-4-r to artesunate. Our work demonstrates that artesunate is a potential addition to the treatment armamentarium for ATC, particularly those with chemoresistance. Our findings also highlight the therapeutic value of targeting mitochondria in chemoresistant ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, First Clinical Medical College, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434000, China
| | - Honghua Fei
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Rizhao, No.126, Taian Road, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China.
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22
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Mo JH, Tan D, Zhao XS, Tjoa T, Wang BY. Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Histologically Mimicking a Plasmacytoma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E29. [PMID: 31936233 PMCID: PMC7168172 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic (undifferentiated) thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare malignancy which may arise from transformation of a pre-existing differentiated carcinoma. We report the unique case where a lesion of thyroid origin presented with the histological features of mature plasma cells. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the lesion to be an anaplastic thyroid carcinoma arising from papillary thyroid carcinoma. A tumor mimicking a malignancy of a different cellular origin can lead clinicians to incorrect treatment approaches. Careful correlation with clinical details and knowledge of these unique presentations is important for reaching the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Mo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (X.S.Z.); (B.Y.W.)
| | - Donald Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (D.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Xiaohui S. Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (X.S.Z.); (B.Y.W.)
| | - Tjoson Tjoa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; (D.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Beverly Y. Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (X.S.Z.); (B.Y.W.)
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23
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Seyed Abutorabi E, Irani S, Yaghmaie M, Ghaffari SH. Abemaciclib (CDK4/6 Inhibitor) Blockade Induces Cytotoxicity in Human Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cells. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 8:438-445. [PMID: 32582803 PMCID: PMC7275834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancies globally. Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for 1-3% of all Thyroid cancer. The evidence showed that ATC is a highly invasive solid tumor with poor prognosis. Despite conventional chemotherapy treatments, a considerable number of patients show developing resistance to therapeutic agents and tumor relapse. The aim of this study was the investigation anti-tumor effect of Abemaciclib (novel targeted cancer therapy drug) on Anaplastic Thyroid carcinoma SW1736 and C643 cell lines. METHODS SW1736 and C643 cell lines were treated by desire concentrations of Abemaciclib (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 μM) and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Also, Anoikis resistance assay was conducted for non-adherent the cells in the exposure of Abemaciclib. The gene expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes was conducted by quantitative Real-time PCR. RESULTS Abemaciclib at the concentration of 10 and 20 μM effectively reduced cell proliferation and growth of the ATC cells compared to the control (p=0.000). Furthermore, we showed that 10 and 20 μM doses of the Abemaciclib inhibited the non-adherent ATC cells which were resistant to Anoikis death significantly (p=0.001). Moreover, we demonstrated this targeted therapy significantly reduced anti-apoptotic gene expression levels (BCL2 and CMYC) (p<0.05) and increased apoptotic gene expressions such as P21 and BAX (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our data suggested that Abemaciclib can be utilized as a novel therapeutic agent in ATC cancer. Further in vivo and in vitro investigations are needed to evaluate molecular and clinical mechanisms of Abemaciclib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Seyed Abutorabi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shiva Irani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Marjan Yaghmaie
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hamid Ghaffari
- Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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24
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Lungulescu C, Croitoru VM, Lungulescu C, Croitoru A, Paul D. DURABLE RESPONSE IN A CASE OF METASTATIC ANAPLASTIC THYROID CANCER USING A COMBINATION OF TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS AND A CHECK POINT INHIBITOR. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA-BUCHAREST 2020; 16:236-241. [PMID: 33029242 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2020.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly uncommon (less than 2% of thyroid malignancies) and aggressive type of cancer, with aggressive behavior and, therefore, exhibiting poor prognosis. ATC tumors are automatically labeled as stage IV disease regardless of standard criteria such as tumor burden or metastasis. ATC tumors require a diversified treatment approach that includes surgical resection, followed by a complete an aggressive combination of radiation and chemotherapy and/or palliative care. Despite best efforts, 1-year overall survival of patients is 20% to 40% with nearly universal mortality rate. Consequently, novel approaches (targeted therapy, immunotherapy) have been studied, alone or in combination, to improve the dire prognosis of these patients. BRAF V600E mutation is the most common genetic mutation found in ATC. We report the case of a 57-year-old man diagnosed with stage IVc (undifferentiated) ATC with hepatic and osseous metastases. The molecular analysis of the tumor revealed a V600E BRAF-mutation. The patient was treated with Dabrafenib and Trametinib, and achieved remission 5 weeks after starting the treatment. Subsequently, he had a thyroidectomy, and pembrolizumab was added to the two tyrosine kinase inhibitors. 9 months later he is still in remission. This case illustrates the importance of obtaining molecular information in anaplastic thyroid cancer and the urgent need of studies investigating the combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and check-point inhibitors in patients with V600E BRAF- mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lungulescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - Oncology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - V M Croitoru
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - Fundeni Clinical Institute - Medical Oncology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Lungulescu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - Doctoral School, Craiova, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Croitoru
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - Fundeni Clinical Institute - Medical Oncology, Bucharest, Romania.,University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - "Titu Maiorescu" University - "Acad. Nicolae Cajal" Institute of Medical Scientific Research, Bucharest, Romania
| | - D Paul
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova - New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center - Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, New York, United States of America
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25
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Eremeeva ER, Rotin DL, Paklina OV, Grekov DN, Chizhova NV, Evsikov AI. [Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: a case report]. Arkh Patol 2020; 82:55-58. [PMID: 33274628 DOI: 10.17116/patol20208206155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a high-grade aggressive tumor with a tendency for early metastasis. The paper describes a rare case of Stage IVB anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, including its clinical, instrumental, morphological, and autopsy findings, in a 66-year-old woman.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Eremeeva
- S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - D L Rotin
- S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - O V Paklina
- S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - D N Grekov
- S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - N V Chizhova
- S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Evsikov
- S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Wei W, Jiang D, Rosenkrans ZT, Barnhart TE, Engle JW, Luo Q, Cai W. HER2-targeted multimodal imaging of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2413-2427. [PMID: 31815043 PMCID: PMC6895447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical management of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is very challenging due to its dedifferentiation and aggressiveness. We aim to develop HER2-targeted multimodal imaging approaches and assess the diagnostic efficacies of these molecular imaging probes in preclinical ATC models. Flow cytometry was used to detect HER2 expression status in thyroid cancer cell lines. We then developed a HER2-specific immunoPET imaging probe 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab by radiolabeling a HER-2 specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) pertuzumab with 89Zr (t1/2=78.4 h) and a fluorescent imaging probe IRDye 800CW-pertuzumab. The diagnostic efficacies of the probes were assessed in subcutaneous and orthotopic ATC models, followed by ex vivo biodistribution profile and immunofluorescence staining studies. HER2 was highly expressed on the surface of all the four primary thyroid cancer cell lines examined, which included two ATC cell lines (i.e., 8505C and THJ-16T). PET imaging with 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab clearly visualized all the subcutaneous ATCs with a peak tumor uptake of 20.23±6.44 %ID/g (n=3), whereas the highest tumor uptake of the nonspecific probe 89Zr-Df-IgG in subcutaneous ATC models was 6.30±0.95 %ID/g (n=3). More importantly, 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab PET imaging strategy readily delineated all the orthotopic ATCs with a peak tumor uptake of 24.93±8.53 %ID/g (n=3). We also suggested that Cerenkov luminescence imaging (CLI) using 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and fluorescence imaging using IRDye 800CW-pertuzumab are useful tools for image-guided removal of ATCs. We demonstrate that HER2 is a promising biomarker for ATC, and multimodal imaging using 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and IRDye 800CW-pertuzumab is useful for identifying HER2-postive ATCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Quanyong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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27
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Li Z, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zou K, Zou L. Genetic alterations in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma and targeted therapies. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2369-2377. [PMID: 31555347 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine malignancy, and its incidence is increasing. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), referring to undifferentiated subtypes, is considered to be aggressive and associated with poor prognosis. Conventional therapies, including surgery, chemotherapy and radioiodine therapy, have been used for ATC, but these do not provide any significant reduction of the overall mortality rate. The tumorigenesis, development, dedifferentiation and metastasis of ATC are closely associated with the activation of various tyrosine cascades and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, including B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinaseV600E, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α,tumor protein 53 mutations and telomerase reverse transcriptase mutation. These pathways exert their functions individually or through a complex network. Identification of these mutations may provide a deeper understanding of ATC. A variety of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been successfully employed for controlling ATC growth in vitro and in xenografts. Certain novel compounds are still in clinical trials. Multi-kinase inhibitors provide a novel approach with great potential. This systematic review determined the prevalence of the major genetic alterations and their inhibitors in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjuan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University Medical College, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Lijuan Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116027, P.R. China
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28
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Integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic characteristics associated with progression of aggressive thyroid cancer. Nat Commun 2019. [PMID: 31235699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10680-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and advanced differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) show fatal outcomes, unlike DTCs. Here, we demonstrate mutational landscape of 27 ATCs and 86 advanced DTCs by massively-parallel DNA sequencing, and transcriptome of 13 ATCs and 12 advanced DTCs were profiled by RNA sequencing. TERT, AKT1, PIK3CA, and EIF1AX were frequently co-mutated with driver genes (BRAFV600E and RAS) in advanced DTCs as well as ATC, but tumor suppressors (e.g., TP53 and CDKN2A) were predominantly altered in ATC. CDKN2A loss was significantly associated with poor disease-specific survival in patients with ATC or advanced DTCs, and up-regulation of CD274 (PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2). Transcriptome analysis revealed a fourth molecular subtype of thyroid cancer (TC), ATC-like, which hardly reflects the molecular signatures in DTC. Furthermore, the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway could be a potential druggable target in RAS-positive ATC. Our findings provide insights for precision medicine in patients with advanced TCs.
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29
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Integrative analysis of genomic and transcriptomic characteristics associated with progression of aggressive thyroid cancer. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2764. [PMID: 31235699 PMCID: PMC6591357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10680-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and advanced differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) show fatal outcomes, unlike DTCs. Here, we demonstrate mutational landscape of 27 ATCs and 86 advanced DTCs by massively-parallel DNA sequencing, and transcriptome of 13 ATCs and 12 advanced DTCs were profiled by RNA sequencing. TERT, AKT1, PIK3CA, and EIF1AX were frequently co-mutated with driver genes (BRAFV600E and RAS) in advanced DTCs as well as ATC, but tumor suppressors (e.g., TP53 and CDKN2A) were predominantly altered in ATC. CDKN2A loss was significantly associated with poor disease-specific survival in patients with ATC or advanced DTCs, and up-regulation of CD274 (PD-L1) and PDCD1LG2 (PD-L2). Transcriptome analysis revealed a fourth molecular subtype of thyroid cancer (TC), ATC-like, which hardly reflects the molecular signatures in DTC. Furthermore, the activation of JAK-STAT signaling pathway could be a potential druggable target in RAS-positive ATC. Our findings provide insights for precision medicine in patients with advanced TCs. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and advanced differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) come with a dismal prognosis. Here, Yoo and colleagues reveal the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of ATC and DTC, highlighting potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.
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30
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Karanikas M, Michalopoulos N, Kofina K, Laskou S, Kteniadakis N. Lymph node mapping helps in R0 resection for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma-report of a case with prolonged survival. J Surg Case Rep 2019; 2019:rjz197. [PMID: 31240095 PMCID: PMC6585385 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is a rare tumor, consisting 1–2% of all thyroid malignancies and presenting a high mortality rate. Median survival for patients undergoing primary surgery is approximately 6.6 months. We present a case of a patient treated with R0 resection, including total thyroidectomy and lymphadenectomy of levels III, IV, VI and VII after cervical lymph node mapping, oral 131I administration, and radiotherapy. Proper preoperative research, R0 resection and relatively early diagnosis, led to good prognosis, as the patient is currently totally disease-free, twelve months postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Styliani Laskou
- Surgical Department, St Lukas Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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31
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Robb R, Yang L, Shen C, Wolfe AR, Webb A, Zhang X, Vedaie M, Saji M, Jhiang S, Ringel MD, Williams TM. Inhibiting BRAF Oncogene-Mediated Radioresistance Effectively Radiosensitizes BRAF V600E-Mutant Thyroid Cancer Cells by Constraining DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4749-4760. [PMID: 31097454 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activating BRAF mutations, most commonly BRAFV600E, are a major oncogenic driver of many cancers. We explored whether BRAFV600E promotes radiation resistance and whether selectively targeting BRAFV600E with a BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib, BRAFi) sensitizes BRAFV600E thyroid cancer cells to radiotherapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Immunoblotting, neutral comet, immunocytochemistry, functional reporter, and clonogenic assays were used to analyze the outcome and molecular characteristics following radiotherapy with or without BRAFV600E or vemurafenib in thyroid cancer cells. RESULTS BRAFV600E thyroid cancer cell lines were associated with resistance to ionizing radiation (IR), and expression of BRAFV600E into wild-type BRAF thyroid cancer cells led to IR resistance. BRAFi inhibited ERK signaling in BRAFV600E mutants, but not BRAF wild-type thyroid cancer cell lines. BRAFi selectively radiosensitized and delayed resolution of IR-induced γH2AX nuclear foci in BRAFV600E cells. Moreover, BRAFi impaired global DNA repair and altered the resolution of 53BP1 and RAD51 nuclear foci in BRAFV600E cells following IR. BRAFV600E mutants displayed enhanced nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair activity, which was abolished by BRAFi. Intriguingly, BRAFV600E mutation led to upregulation of XLF, a component of NHEJ, which was prevented by BRAFi. Importantly, BRAFi in combination with radiotherapy resulted in marked and sustained tumor regression of BRAFV600E thyroid tumor xenografts. CONCLUSIONS BRAFV600E mutation promotes NHEJ activity leading to radioresistance and BRAFi selectively radiosensitizes BRAFV600E thyroid cancer cells through inhibiting NHEJ. Our findings suggest that combining BRAFi and radiation may improve the therapeutic outcome of patients with BRAFV600E-mutant thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Robb
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Linlin Yang
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Changxian Shen
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Adam R Wolfe
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amy Webb
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Marall Vedaie
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Motoyasu Saji
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sissy Jhiang
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Terence M Williams
- Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
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32
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Loss of MADD expression inhibits cellular growth and metastasis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:145. [PMID: 30760700 PMCID: PMC6374448 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC) is an aggressive malignancy with limited therapeutic options and dismal patient survival. We have previously shown MADD to be differentially overexpressed in multiple cancer histologies and to contribute to tumor cell growth and survival. Therefore, we targeted MADD by gene silencing, explored its effect on cellular proliferation and metastases and examined its therapeutic potential in an orthotopic ATC model in athymic nude mice. When compared to untreated control and scramble siRNA, MADD siRNA treatment inhibited the proliferative capacity of 8505C, C643 and HTH7 cells in vitro and 8505C-derived-orthotopic tumor growth in vivo. MADD ablation caused a significant reduction in cellular migration and invasion potential; clonogenic capacity; as well as, mitochondrial length and potential in vitro. This MADD siRNA-induced anti-migratory/invasive effect corresponded with inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Wnt signaling. Mechanistically, MADD siRNA inhibited TNFα induced activation of pERK, pGSK3β and β-catenin, suggesting that MADD knockdown might exert its anti-migratory/invasive effects, by blocking TNFα/ERK/GSK3β axis. MADD siRNA can inhibit β-catenin nuclear translocation and consequently, the expression of its target genes in ATC cells. In in vivo experiments, along with tumor regression, MADD siRNA treatment also decreased evidence of lung metastases. Immunohistochemically, MADD siRNA-treated tumor tissues exhibited a reduction in Ki67 and N-Cadherin expression, and an increase in E-Cadherin expression. In conclusion, we show the crucial role of MADD in ATC tumorigenesis and metastasis and its potential implications as a molecular target for ATC therapy.
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Fuladi R, Nagarkar R, Roy S. Metastasis to Stomach in a Patient with Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Clinical Challenge. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2019; 20:134-138. [PMID: 30705249 PMCID: PMC6368130 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.913736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 71 Final Diagnosis: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma Symptoms: Breathlessness Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Total thyroidectomy along with left modified radical neck dissection Specialty: Oncology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Fuladi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajnish Nagarkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sirshendu Roy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Lin CL, Tsai ML, Lin CY, Hsu KW, Hsieh WS, Chi WM, Huang LC, Lee CH. HDAC1 and HDAC2 Double Knockout Triggers Cell Apoptosis in Advanced Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020454. [PMID: 30669676 PMCID: PMC6359659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) and squamous thyroid carcinoma (STC) are both rare and advanced thyroid malignancies with a very poor prognosis and an average median survival time of 5 months and less than 20% of affected patients are alive 1 year after diagnosis. The clinical management of both ATC and STC is very similar because they are not particularly responsive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This inspired us to explore a novel and effective clinically approved therapy for ATC treatment. Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) drugs are recently FDA-approved drug for malignancies, especially for blood cell cancers. Therefore, we investigated whether an HDACi drug acts as an effective anticancer drug for advanced thyroid cancers. Cell viability analysis of panobinostat treatment demonstrated a significant IC50 of 0.075 µM on SW579 STC cells. In addition, panobinostat exposure activated histone acetylation and triggered cell death mainly through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis-related protein activation. Using CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out HDAC1 and HDAC2 genes in SW579 cells, we observed that the histone acetylation level and cell cycle arrest were enhanced without any impact on cell growth. Furthermore, HDAC1 and HDAC2 double knockout (KO) cells showed dramatic cell apoptosis activation compared to HDAC1 and HDAC2 individual KO cells. This suggests expressional and biofunctional compensation between HDAC1 and HDAC2 on SW579 cells. This study provides strong evidence that panobinostat can potentially be used in the clinic of advanced thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ling Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Lin Tsai
- Department of General Surgery, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Yu Lin
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30068, Taiwan.
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Shyang Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ming Chi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Chi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10630, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hwa Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Medicine Biotechnology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
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Kim J, Song J, Ji HD, Yoo EK, Lee JE, Lee SB, Oh JM, Lee S, Hwang JS, Yoon H, Kim DS, Lee SJ, Jeong M, Lee S, Kim KH, Choi HS, Lee SW, Park KG, Lee IK, Kim SH, Hwang H, Jeon YH, Chin J, Cho SJ. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable Estrogen-Related Receptor-γ Inverse Agonists To Restore the Sodium Iodide Symporter Function in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. J Med Chem 2019; 62:1837-1858. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jina Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Song
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jae-Eon Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan 50463, South Korea
| | - Sang Bong Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | | | | | - Ji Sun Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Heeseok Yoon
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Minseon Jeong
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Sungwoo Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Nuclear Receptor Signals and Hormone Research Center, School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | | | - Keun-Gyu Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, South Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Hayoung Hwang
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Jungwook Chin
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
| | - Sung Jin Cho
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, South Korea
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Jayarangaiah A, Sidhu G, Brown J, Barrett-Campbell O, Bahtiyar G, Youssef I, Arora S, Skwiersky S, McFarlane SI. Therapeutic options for advanced thyroid cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2019; 5:26-34. [PMID: 31709422 PMCID: PMC6839707 DOI: 10.17352/ijcem.000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer can be largely classified as well-differentiated, poorly differentiated, medullary and anaplastic. Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) includes follicular and papillary subtypes, with the incidence of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) on the rise. The mainstay of treatment for DTC includes a combination of surgery, radioactive iodine (RAI) and levothyroxine suppression. DTC portends a favorable prognosis, even in the presence of distant metastases, with a 50% rate of 5-year survival largely due to tumor cell's sensitivity to RAI therapy influencing disease outcome. In radioactive iodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (RAI-refractory DTC) there is a lower survival rate prompting the use of other therapeutic options available. RAI refractoriness is more common in older patients (age >40), large metastases and lesions that are fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) avid on position emission tomography (PET). Over the past decade, Identification of genetic mutations in the signaling pathway involved in thyroid tumorigenesis has led to the approval of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs); Sorafenib and Lenvatinib in RAI-refractory DTC. Similarly, metastatic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) implies an unfavorable 10-year survival rate of only 20% as the principal treatment options focuses on loco regional control via surgical and/or non-surgical options. The approval of TKIs such as Cabozantinib and Vandetanib has introduced an encouraging, novel, systemic therapeutic option for metastatic MTC. Lastly, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) carries the worst prognosis with high recurrence rates. Treatment includes surgery, chemotherapy and external beam radiation. The FDA recently approved Dabrafenib plus trametinib for BRAF V600E mutated ATC. Considering the modality of chemotherapy and the expanding field of targeted therapies, the role of the oncologist and interaction with endocrinologist in the management of thyroid cancer needs further clarification aiming at collaborative management plans more than ever. This review summarizes the key phase III trials that led to the approval of TKIs in the treatment of DTC and metastatic MTC. Additionally, the review aims to clarify the patient selection criteria for initiation of TKIs and examine the implications, considerations and adverse effects prior to utilizing targeted therapy. Clinical trials are ongoing with promising results and may contribute to the addition of several targeted molecules and immune check point inhibitors to the therapeutic armamentarium for RAI-refractory DTC, medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Jayarangaiah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Gurinder Sidhu
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jordonna Brown
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Odeth Barrett-Campbell
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Gul Bahtiyar
- Department of Surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Irini Youssef
- Department of Surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Shalini Arora
- Department of Surgery, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Samara Skwiersky
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Samy I McFarlane
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA,Corresponding author: Samy I McFarlane, MD, MPH, MBA, FACP, Distinguished Teaching Professor and Associate Dean, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine Residency Program Director, State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Box 50, Brooklyn, New York, 11203, USA, Tel: 718-270-3711; Fax: 718-270-6358;
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Huang NS, Shi X, Lei BW, Wei WJ, Lu ZW, Yu PC, Wang Y, Ji QH, Wang YL. An Update of the Appropriate Treatment Strategies in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: A Population-Based Study of 735 Patients. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:8428547. [PMID: 30915116 PMCID: PMC6399533 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8428547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) responds poorly to conventional therapies and requires a multidisciplinary approach to manage. The aim of the current study is to explore whether aggressive treatment is beneficial, especially the appropriate extent of surgery in ATC. METHODS Patients diagnosed with ATC from 2004 to 2014 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and included in our study. RESULTS A total of 735 ATC patients were identified. The two-year overall survival (OS) rates for stage IVA, IVB, and IVC patients were 36.5%, 15.6%, and 1.4%, respectively. By directly comparing eight treatment modalities, we found that surgery + radiotherapy (RT) ± chemotherapy was the most effective treatment strategy. surgery + chemotherapy and RT + chemotherapy had comparable results (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.461, 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.843-2.531, P = 0.177). Multivariate Cox regression analysis also showed increased mortality risk in patients with increased age (HR = 1.022, P < 0.001), tumor extension to adjacent structures (HR = 1.649, P = 0.013), and distant metastasis (HR = 2.041, P < 0.001), while surgery + RT (HR = 0.600, P = 0.004) and chemotherapy (HR = 0.692, P = 0.010) were independently associated with improved OS. Further analysis revealed that patients undergoing total/near-total thyroidectomy (TT) had superior OS to those receiving less than TT (P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, the benefit of TT remained significant in patients with tumors larger than 4.0 cm (HR = 0.776, 95% CI: 0.469-0.887, P = 0.007), with adjacent structure extension (HR = 0.642, 95% CI: 0.472-0.877, P = 0.005), including trachea and major vessels, but not in patients with early phase local disease such as tumor ≤ 4.0 cm or tumor within the thyroid or with minimal extrathyroidal extension. Patients with very locally advanced disease or distant metastasis could not benefit from TT as well. CONCLUSIONS In operable cases, surgery + RT ± chemotherapy was the optimal treatment modality. Otherwise, RT + chemotherapy was the appropriate strategy. However, TT was not beneficial for very early stage or metastatic ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-si Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-wen Lei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-wu Lu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-cheng Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing-hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Saini S, Tulla K, Maker AV, Burman KD, Prabhakar BS. Therapeutic advances in anaplastic thyroid cancer: a current perspective. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:154. [PMID: 30352606 PMCID: PMC6198524 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing at an alarming rate, almost tripling every decade. In 2017, it was the fifth most common cancer in women. Although the majority of thyroid tumors are curable, about 2-3% of thyroid cancers are refractory to standard treatments. These undifferentiated, highly aggressive and mostly chemo-resistant tumors are phenotypically-termed anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). ATCs are resistant to standard therapies and are extremely difficult to manage. In this review, we provide the information related to current and recently emerged first-line systemic therapy (Dabrafenib and Trametinib) along with promising therapeutics which are in clinical trials and may be incorporated into clinical practice in the future. Different categories of promising therapeutics such as Aurora kinase inhibitors, multi-kinase inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, gene therapy using oncolytic viruses, apoptosis-inducing agents, and immunotherapy are reviewed. Combination treatment options that showed synergistic and antagonistic effects are also discussed. We highlight ongoing clinical trials in ATC and discuss how personalized medicine is crucial to design the second line of treatment. Besides using conventional combination therapy, embracing a personalized approach based on advanced genomics and proteomics assessment will be crucial to developing a tailored treatment plan to improve the chances of clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Saini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kiara Tulla
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ajay V. Maker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | | | - Bellur S. Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
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Koyama S, Miyake N, Fujiwara K, Morisaki T, Fukuhara T, Kitano H, Takeuchi H. Lenvatinib for Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer and Lenvatinib-Induced Thyroid Dysfunction. Eur Thyroid J 2018; 7:139-144. [PMID: 30023346 PMCID: PMC6047489 DOI: 10.1159/000485972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lenvatinib is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has an anticancer action in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer that is refractory to radioiodine. Knowledge of the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is limited. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors frequently cause hypothyroidism, but the incidence of hypothyroidism with lenvatinib is unclear. OBJECTIVES We conducted a retrospective study to investigate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib in ATC. METHODS Five patients with unresectable ATC were enrolled. Lenvatinib 24 mg once daily was administered until disease progression, unmanageable toxicity, withdrawal, or death occurred. We retrospectively analyzed the objective response rate (ORR), time to progression (TTP), overall survival, and safety. RESULTS Three of the 5 patients (60%) had a partial response, and 5 (40%) had stable disease. The ORR was 60%. Median TTP was 88 days, and overall survival was 165 days. Hypothyroidism was a common treatment-related adverse effect; 4 patients (80%) had hypothyroidism of any grade. These 4 patients had not undergone total thyroidectomy prior to lenvatinib administration, and the other patient had undergone total thyroidectomy. Treatment-related adverse effects of any grade were hypertension in 80% of patients, diarrhea in 40%, fatigue in 80%, and decreased appetite in 80%. CONCLUSIONS Lenvatinib is an effective treatment and may improve the prognosis of unresectable ATC. Four of the 5 patients had hypothyroidism, which may have been associated with treatment-induced injury of the thyroid gland. There were many treatment-related adverse effects, most of which were manageable by dose modification and medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Koyama
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- *Satoshi Koyama, MD, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, 36-1 Nishicho, Yonago, Tottori 683-8504 (Japan), E-Mail
| | - Naritomo Miyake
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujiwara
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Morisaki
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuhara
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kitano
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
- Center for Head and Neck Surgery, Kusatsu General Hospital, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takeuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan
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Park CH, Han SE, Nam-Goong IS, Kim YI, Kim ES. Combined Effects of Baicalein and Docetaxel on Apoptosis in 8505c Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells via Downregulation of the ERK and Akt/mTOR Pathways. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2018; 33:121-132. [PMID: 29589394 PMCID: PMC5874188 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2018.33.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal human malignancies. Docetaxel, a microtubule stabilizer, is a common chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various metastatic cancers. However, prolonged use results in various side effects and drug resistance. Flavonoids, such as baicalein, are accepted chemotherapeutic and dietary chemopreventive agents with many advantages, such as greater accessibility, affordability, and lower toxicity, compared with traditional chemotherapy agents. In this study, we evaluated whether baicalein enhances the effects of docetaxel on apoptosis and metastasis in 8505c ATC cells. METHODS The 8505c cells were treated with baicalein or docetaxel individually and in combination. Cell viability was measured by MTT (thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide) assay, and apoptosis was detected by fluorescence microscopy of Hoechst-stained cells. The expression of apoptotic (Bax and caspase-3), anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2), angiogenic (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], transforming growth factor β [TGF-β], E-cadherin, and N-cadherin), and signaling (extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] mitogen activated protein kinase [MAPK], Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]) proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS The combination of baicalein (50 or 100 μM) and docetaxel (10 nM) significantly inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis compared with monotherapies. The combination treatment significantly inhibited the expression of Bax, caspase-3, VEGF, TGF-β1, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and mTOR, but decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and significantly decreased the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt. CONCLUSION The combination of baicalein and docetaxel effectively induced apoptosis and inhibited metastasis in 8505c cells through downregulation of apoptotic and angiogenic protein expression and blocking of the ERK and Akt/mTOR pathways in 8505c cells. These results suggest that baicalein enhances the anticancer effects of docetaxel in ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Se Eun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Il Seong Nam-Goong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Young Il Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea.
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Lin SF, Lin JD, Hsueh C, Chou TC, Wong RJ. Effects of roniciclib in preclinical models of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67990-68000. [PMID: 28978090 PMCID: PMC5620230 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many human cancers have altered cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases may arrest cell cycle progression and represents an important strategy in the treatment of malignancies. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of roniciclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, as a treatment for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Roniciclib inhibited anaplastic thyroid cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Roniciclib activated caspase-3 activity and induced apoptosis. Cell cycle progression was arrested in G2/M phase. In vivo, the growth of anaplastic thyroid cancer xenograft tumors was retarded by roniciclib treatment without evidence of toxicity. These data provide a rationale for further clinical evaluation using roniciclib in the treatment of patients with anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Current address: PD Science, Inc., Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Rao SN, Zafereo M, Dadu R, Busaidy NL, Hess K, Cote GJ, Williams MD, William WN, Sandulache V, Gross N, Gunn GB, Lu C, Ferrarotto R, Lai SY, Cabanillas ME. Patterns of Treatment Failure in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2017; 27:672-681. [PMID: 28068873 PMCID: PMC5802249 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal forms of cancer with a high mortality rate. Current guidelines support surgery for resectable ATC followed by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without chemotherapy. Treatment for those who are unresectable is palliative. Our goal was to examine first-line therapies as well as the role of genomic profiling in an effort better understand how to approach ATC. METHODS This is a retrospective study of ATC patients who were seen at our institution from January 2013 to October 2015. Median overall survival (OS) and time to treatment failure (TTF) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Fifty-four patients were included. Median age at diagnosis was 63 years and 29/54 (54%) were women. The majority had stage IVC disease at diagnosis (50%), followed by IVB (32%), and IVA (18%). Approximately 93% had somatic gene testing. Initial treatment was surgery in 23 patients, EBRT with or without radiosensitizing chemotherapy in 29 patients, and systemic chemotherapy in 2 patients. Nineteen patients had all three treatment modalities. For the entire cohort, median OS was 11.9 months with 39% survival at 1 year and median TTF was 3.8 months. The majority of patients (74%) developed new distant metastasis or progression of existing metastatic disease. Patients who received trimodal therapy consisting of surgery, EBRT, and chemotherapy had a median OS of 22.1 months versus 6.5 months in those who received dual therapy with EBRT and chemotherapy (p = 0.0008). The TTF was the same in the two groups (7.0 and 6.5 months, respectively). Men were three times more likely to die from ATC than women (p = 0.0024). No differences in OS or TTF were noted based on tumor size (5 cm cutoff), age (60 years cutoff), or presence of any mutation. There was a trend toward shorter TTF in patients with somatic mutations in TP53. CONCLUSION Patients with ATC amenable to aggressive tri-modal therapy demonstrate improved survival. The short TTF, due primarily to distant metastatic disease, highlights the potential opportunity for improved outcomes with earlier initiation of systemic therapy including adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika N. Rao
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Zafereo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ramona Dadu
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Naifa L. Busaidy
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth Hess
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Gilbert J. Cote
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michelle D. Williams
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - William N. William
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vlad Sandulache
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Neil Gross
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - G. Brandon Gunn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Charles Lu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Renata Ferrarotto
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen Y. Lai
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Maria E. Cabanillas
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Jing C, Gao Z, Wang R, Yang Z, Shi B, Hou P. Lenvatinib enhances the antitumor effects of paclitaxel in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:903-912. [PMID: 28469962 PMCID: PMC5411797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare malignancy and has a very poor prognosis due to its aggressive behavior and resistance to treatment. No effective treatment modalities are currently available. Lenvatinib has shown encouraging results in the patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC); however, lenvatinib monotherapy has a relatively low efficacy against ATC. In this study, we assessed the antitumor effects of a combination of lenvatinib and microtubule inhibitor paclitaxel in ATC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data showed that lenvatinib monotherapy was less effective than paclitaxel monotherapy in ATC cell lines and xenografts. The addition of lenvatinib to paclitaxel synergistically inhibited colony formation and tumor growth in nude mice, and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis as compared to lenvatinib or paclitaxel monotherapy. Taken together, this is the first study to suggest that lenvatinib/paclitaxel combination may be a promising candidate therapeutic strategy for ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Jing
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of YulinYulin 719000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifei Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of YulinYulin 719000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of YulinYulin 719000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710061, People’s Republic of China
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Weinberger P, Ponny SR, Xu H, Bai S, Smallridge R, Copland J, Sharma A. Cell Cycle M-Phase Genes Are Highly Upregulated in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma. Thyroid 2017; 27:236-252. [PMID: 27796151 PMCID: PMC5314727 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2016.0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) accounts for only 3% of thyroid cancers, yet strikingly, it accounts for almost 40% of thyroid cancer deaths. Currently, no effective therapies exist. In an effort to identify ATC-specific therapeutic targets, we analyzed global gene expression data from multiple studies to identify ATC-specific dysregulated genes. METHODS The National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus database was searched for high-throughput gene expression microarray studies from human ATC tissue along with normal thyroid and/or papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) tissue. Gene expression levels in ATC were compared with normal thyroid or PTC using seven separate comparisons, and an ATC-specific gene set common in all seven comparisons was identified. We investigated these genes for their biological functions and pathways. RESULTS There were three studies meeting inclusion criteria, (including 32 ATC patients, 69 PTC, and 75 normal). There were 259 upregulated genes and 286 downregulated genes in ATC with at least two-fold change in all seven comparisons. Using a five-fold filter, 36 genes were upregulated in ATC, while 40 genes were downregulated. Of the 10 top globally upregulated genes in ATC, 4/10 (MMP1, ANLN, CEP55, and TFPI2) are known to play a role in ATC progression; however, 6/10 genes (TMEM158, CXCL5, E2F7, DLGAP5, MME, and ASPM) had not been specifically implicated in ATC. Similarly, 3/10 (SFTA3, LMO3, and C2orf40) of the most globally downregulated genes were novel in this context, while 7/10 genes (SLC26A7, TG, TSHR, DUOX2, CDH1, PDE8B, and FOXE1) have been previously identified in ATC. We experimentally validated a significant correlation for seven transcription factors (KLF16, SP3, ETV6, FOXC1, SP1, EGFR1, and MAFK) with the ATC-specific genes using microarray analysis of ATC cell lines. Ontology clustering of globally altered genes revealed that "mitotic cell cycle" is highly enriched in the globally upregulated gene set (44% of top upregulated genes, p-value <10-30). CONCLUSIONS By focusing on globally altered genes, we have identified a set of consistently altered biological processes and pathways in ATC. Our data are consistent with an important role for M-phase cell cycle genes in ATC, and may provide direction for future studies to identify novel therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Weinberger
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Augusta University Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sithara Raju Ponny
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - John Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Park KC, Kim SM, Jeon JY, Kim BW, Kim HK, Chang HJ, Lee YS, Kim SY, Choi SH, Park CS, Chang HS. Synergistic Activity of N-hydroxy-7-(2-naphthylthio) Heptanomide and Sorafenib Against Cancer Stem Cells, Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Neoplasia 2017; 19:145-153. [PMID: 28142087 PMCID: PMC5279904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) although rare is the most deadly form of thyroid cancer. The fatality rate for ATC is high-pitched, the survival rate at 1 year after diagnosis is <20%. Control of ATC is severely hard and widespread with unpredictability. We Previous proved that histone gene reviser and epigenetic changes role significant parts in papillary and anaplastic thyroid cancer tumorigenesis. Herein, the goal of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor activities of a HDAC inhibitor, HNHA alone and in combination with sorafenib in ATC cells in vitro and in vivo and to explore its effects on apoptotic cell death pathways. Three ATC cell lines were exposed to sorafenib in the presence or absence of HNHA, and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Effects of combined treatment on cell cycle and intracellular signaling pathways were assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. The ATC cell lines xenograft model was used to examine the anti-tumor activity in vivo. Our data showed that HNHA and sorafenib synergistically decreased cell viability in ATC cells, and also significantly increased apoptotic cell death in these cells, as proved by the cleavage of caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation. HNHA and sorafenib combination was reduced anti-apoptotic factor in ATC. Thus, combination therapy with HNHA and sorafenib significantly decreased vessel density, and most significantly reduced tumor volume and increased survival in ATC xenografts. These results propose that HNHA in combination with sorafenib has significant anti-cancer activity in preclinical models, potentially suggesting a new clinical approach for patients of advanced thyroid cancer type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Cheong Park
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Mo Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yong Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Bup-Woo Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeung Kyoo Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Chang
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sang Lee
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Kim
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Choi
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong Soo Park
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Seok Chang
- Thyroid Cancer Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea; Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA comprising approximately 19-25 nucleotides. miRNAs can act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes, and aberrant expression of miRNAs has been reported in several human cancers and has been associated with cancer initiation and progression. Recent evidence suggests that miRNAs play a major role in thyroid carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of miRNAs in thyroid cancer and describe the oncogenic or tumour suppressor function of miRNAs as well as their clinical utility as prognostic or diagnostic markers in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriem Boufraqech
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joanna Klubo-Gwiezdzinska
- Metabolic Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Electron Kebebew
- Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Obata K, Sugitani I, Ebina A, Sugiura Y, Toda K, Takahashi S, Kawabata K. Common carotid artery rupture during treatment with lenvatinib for anaplastic thyroid cancer. Int Cancer Conf J 2016; 5:197-201. [PMID: 31149454 DOI: 10.1007/s13691-016-0257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a fatal disease for which no effective therapeutic strategies exist. Lenvatinib, a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor that targets vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, has recently been approved in Japan for the treatment of patients with unresectable thyroid cancer including anaplastic thyroid cancer. Although lenvatinib, like the other tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, sunitinib and sorafenib, might also confer a risk of bleeding, fatal bleeding as a result of lenvatinib treatment for anaplastic thyroid cancer has not been described. A 61-year-old woman presented with a 7-cm mass in the right lobe of the thyroid, lymph node metastases to the neck and multiple lung metastases. Fine needle aspiration revealed that the tumor was anaplastic thyroid cancer. The TNM classification was T4aN1bM1, stage IVC. Shortly after local curative surgery, a tumor recurred in her neck that was treated with lenvatinib (24 mg/day). Nineteen days later, the common carotid artery ruptured and the lenvatinib was stopped. She received the best possible supportive care but died 40 days after stopping the lenvatinib. Autopsy findings showed that the tumor had invaded the adventitia of the common carotid artery at the region of the neck surgery, and an aneurysm had developed. However, the adventitia of the common carotid artery was preserved at the non-dissected area. Lenvatinib might confer risk for fatal bleeding in patients with recurrent anaplastic thyroid cancer after neck surgery, particularly with dissection around the common carotid artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Obata
- 1Division of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Iwao Sugitani
- 2Department of Endocrine Surgery, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602 Japan
| | - Aya Ebina
- 1Division of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Yoshiya Sugiura
- 3Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Toda
- 1Division of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Shunji Takahashi
- 4Division of Medical Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawabata
- 1Division of Head and Neck, Cancer Institute Hospital, 3-8-31 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550 Japan
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48
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Jiménez-Fonseca P, Gómez Saez JM, Santamaria Sandi J, Capdevila J, Navarro Gonzalez E, Zafon Llopis C, Ramón Y Cajal Asensio T, Riesco-Eizaguirre G, Grande E, Galofré JC. Spanish consensus for the management of patients with anaplastic cell thyroid carcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2016; 19:12-20. [PMID: 27048161 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-016-1506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive solid tumor and almost uniformly lethal in humans. The Boards of the Thyroid Cancer Group of the Spanish Society of Endocrinology and Nutrition and the Grupo Español de Enfermedades Huérfanas e Infrecuentes of the Spanish Society of Oncology requested that an independent task force draft a more comprehensive consensus statement regarding ATC. All relevant literature was reviewed, including serial PubMed searches together with additional articles. This is the first, comprehensive Spanish consensus statement for ATC and includes the characteristics, diagnosis, initial evaluation, treatment goals, recommendations and modalities for locoregional and advanced disease, palliative care options, surveillance, and long-term monitoring. Newer systemic therapies are being investigated, but more effective combinations are needed to improve patient outcomes. Though more aggressive radiotherapy has reduced locoregional recurrences, median overall survival has not improved in more than 50 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jiménez-Fonseca
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Avenida de Roma sn, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J M Gómez Saez
- CIBERDEM, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Santamaria Sandi
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - J Capdevila
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Navarro Gonzalez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain
| | - C Zafon Llopis
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario de la Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - G Riesco-Eizaguirre
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Universitario de Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Grande
- Medical Oncology Service, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - J C Galofré
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Haddad RI, Lydiatt WM, Ball DW, Busaidy NL, Byrd D, Callender G, Dickson P, Duh QY, Ehya H, Haymart M, Hoh C, Hunt JP, Iagaru A, Kandeel F, Kopp P, Lamonica DM, McCaffrey JC, Moley JF, Parks L, Raeburn CD, Ridge JA, Ringel MD, Scheri RP, Shah JP, Smallridge RC, Sturgeon C, Wang TN, Wirth LJ, Hoffmann KG, Hughes M. Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma, Version 2.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2015; 13:1140-50. [PMID: 26358798 PMCID: PMC4986600 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2015.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This selection from the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Thyroid Carcinoma focuses on anaplastic carcinoma because substantial changes were made to the systemic therapy recommendations for the 2015 update. Dosages and frequency of administration are now provided, docetaxel/doxorubicin regimens were added, and single-agent cisplatin was deleted because it is not recommended for patients with advanced or metastatic anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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