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Lee JJ, Ng SC, Hsu JY, Liu H, Chen CJ, Huang CY, Kuo WW. Galangin Reverses H 2O 2-Induced Dermal Fibroblast Senescence via SIRT1-PGC-1α/Nrf2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031387. [PMID: 35163314 PMCID: PMC8836071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
UV radiation and H2O2 are the primary factors that cause skin aging. Both trigger oxidative stress and cellular aging. It has been reported that deacetylase silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), a longevity gene, enhances activation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), as well as its downstream key antioxidant gene hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), to protect cells against oxidative damage by deacetylating the transcription coactivator PPARγ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). Galangin, a flavonoid, possesses anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory potential. In the present study, we applied Ultraviolet B/H2O2-induced human dermal fibroblast damage as an in vitro model and UVB-induced photoaging of C57BL/6J nude mice as an in vivo model to investigate the underlying dermo-protective mechanisms of galangin. Our results indicated that galangin treatment attenuates H2O2/UVB-induced cell viability reduction, dermal aging, and SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling activation. Furthermore, galangin treatment enhanced Nrf2 activation and nuclear accumulation, in addition to inhibiting Nrf2 degradation. Interestingly, upregulation of antioxidant response element luciferase activity following galangin treatment indicated the transcriptional activation of Nrf2. However, knockdown of SIRT1, PGC-1α, or Nrf2 by siRNA reversed the antioxidant and anti-aging effects of galangin. In vivo evidence further showed that galangin treatment, at doses of 12 and 24 mg/kg on the dorsal skin cells of nude mice resulted in considerably reduced UVB-induced epidermal hyperplasia and skin senescence, and promoted SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling. Furthermore, enhanced nuclear localization of Nrf2 was observed in galangin-treated mice following UVB irradiation. In conclusion, our data indicated that galangin exerts anti-photoaging and antioxidant effects by promoting SIRT1/PGC-1α/Nrf2 signaling. Therefore, galangin is a potentially promising agent for cosmetic skin care products against UV-induced skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jr Lee
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chuan Ng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (S.-C.N.); (J.-Y.H.); (H.L.)
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Yun Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (S.-C.N.); (J.-Y.H.); (H.L.)
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsun Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (S.-C.N.); (J.-Y.H.); (H.L.)
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan;
- Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; (S.-C.N.); (J.-Y.H.); (H.L.)
- Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-2205-3366 (ext. 2510); Fax: +886-4-2207-1507
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Li BL, Zhao DY, Du PL, Wang XT, Yang Q, Cai YR. Luteolin alleviates ulcerative colitis through SHP-1/STAT3 pathway. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:705-717. [PMID: 34014331 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01468-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated that Luteolin has a positive effect on epithelial barrier integrity by promoting the function of tight protein, however, little is known about the underline mechanism of Luteolin. In this study, we constructed Caco-2 cell monolayer to explore the effects and the regulation mechanism of Luteolin in intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. METHODS Caco-2 cells were co-treated with TNF-α, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Luteolin for 24 h. Overexpression or knockdown of SHP-1 was applied to study the effects of protein phosphoserine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) on epithelial barrier integrity. Cell viability was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Barrier function was detected by trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and FITC-dextran assay. The expression levels of SHP-1, phosphorylation signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), STAT3 and tight junction proteins were measured by qRT-PCR or western blot. In vivo model of ulcerative colitis was established to detect the function of Luteolin in ulcerative colitis. RESULTS We clarified that Luteolin protected intestinal epithelial barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers by increasing the resistance values and tight junction (TJ) protein expression. The expression of OCLN, CLDN1, and ZO1 was increased by Luteolin, while the expression of CLDN2 was decreased. Furthermore, Luteolin significantly alleviated the symptom of ulcerative colitis in DSS-induced mice. The in vitro cell model proved that overexpression of SHP-1 promotes the epithelial barrier function and knockdown of SHP-1 or STAT3 activation destroyed the protective effects of Luteolin on the expression of TJ proteins. CONCLUSION We found that the treatment of Luteolin promoted epithelial barrier function and Luteolin might preserve intestinal epithelial barrier function through suppression of STAT3 signaling pathway by SHP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Lin Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yang Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Li Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Tian Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Ru Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 389, Zhongshan East Road, Chang an District, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Hyun J, Han J, Lee C, Yoon M, Jung Y. Pathophysiological Aspects of Alcohol Metabolism in the Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115717. [PMID: 34071962 PMCID: PMC8197869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease caused by chronic or binge consumption of alcohol. The liver is the major organ that metabolizes alcohol; therefore, it is particularly sensitive to alcohol intake. Metabolites and byproducts generated during alcohol metabolism cause liver damage, leading to ALD via several mechanisms, such as impairing lipid metabolism, intensifying inflammatory reactions, and inducing fibrosis. Despite the severity of ALD, the development of novel treatments has been hampered by the lack of animal models that fully mimic human ALD. To overcome the current limitations of ALD studies and therapy development, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver injury. Hence, to provide insights into the progression of ALD, this review examines previous studies conducted on alcohol metabolism in the liver. There is a particular focus on the occurrence of ALD caused by hepatotoxicity originating from alcohol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongeun Hyun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jinsol Han
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Chanbin Lee
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
| | - Myunghee Yoon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreas Surgery, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea;
| | - Youngmi Jung
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.H.); (C.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-510-2262
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Liu SX, Du YC, Zeng T. A mini-review of the rodent models for alcoholic liver disease: shortcomings, application, and future prospects. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2021; 10:523-530. [PMID: 34141166 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfab042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rodents are the most common models in studies of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Although several rodents ALD models have been established and multiple mechanisms have been elucidated based on them, these models have some non-negligible shortcomings, specifically only inducing early stage (mainly steatosis, slight to moderate steatohepatitis) but not the whole spectrum of human ALD. The resistance of rodents to advanced ALD has been suggested to be due to the physiological differences between rodents and human beings. Previous studies have reported significant interstrain differences in the susceptibility to ethanol-induced liver injury and in the manifestation of ALD (such as different alteration of lipid profiles). Therefore, it would be interesting to characterize the manifestation of ethanol-induced liver damage in various rodents, which may provide a recommendation to investigators of ALD. Furthermore, more severe ALD models need to be established for the study of serious ALD forms, which may be achieved by using genetic modified rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xuan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Yan-Chao Du
- Jinan Institute for Product Quality Inspection, 1311 Longao Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250102, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
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Oroxin B Induces Apoptosis by Down-Regulating MicroRNA-221 Resulting in the Inactivation of the PTEN/PI3K/AKT Pathway in Liver Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234384. [PMID: 31801250 PMCID: PMC6930563 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the anticancer effect of Oroxin B (OB) both in vitro and in vivo, and the molecular mechanism involved in microRNA-221 and the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway through modulation of apoptosis in Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DEN-induced rats and HepG2 cells based on the microfluidic chip were employed, while the mRNA and protein expression of microRNA-221, PI3K, p-Akt and PTEN were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Based on Microfluidic Chip and DEN-induced rat model, OB effectively exerts anti-liver cancer effect both in vitro and in vivo, and the expression of miR-221 in OB treated groups was significantly lower than that in the control group (** p < 0.01). The RT-PCR and Western blot results suggested the PI3K mRNA and protein in OB treated groups were both lower than those in control group and indicated the overexpression of PTEN. Therefore, OB effectively exerts anticancer effects by positively regulating the PTEN gene and then inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway through down-regulating the expression of the microRNA-221, thereby inducing apoptosis of liver cancer cells. This study offers a theoretical evidence for further development and clinical guidance of OB as an anti-tumor agent.
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Wang X, Zhao L, Ajay AK, Jiao B, Zhang X, Wang C, Gao X, Yuan Z, Liu H, Liu WJ. QiDiTangShen Granules Activate Renal Nutrient-Sensing Associated Autophagy in db/db Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1224. [PMID: 31632286 PMCID: PMC6779835 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
QiDiTangShen granules (QDTS) have been proven to reduce the proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) effectively. The present study was aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying QDTS's renoprotection. The main components of QDTS were identified by ultra-high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and pharmacological databases, among which active components were screened by oral bioavailability and drug-likeness. Their regulation on autophagy-related nutrient-sensing signal molecules (AMPK, SIRT1, and mTOR) was retrieved and analyzed through the Pubmed database. Then, db/db mice were randomly divided into three groups (model control, valsartan and QDTS), and given intragastric administration for 12 weeks, separately. Fasting and random blood glucose, body weight, urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and injury markers of liver and kidney were investigated to evaluate the effects and safety. Renal histological lesions were assessed, and the expressions of proteins related to nutrient-sensing signals and autophagy were investigated. Thirteen active components were screened from 78 components identified. Over half the components had already been reported to improve nutrient-sensing signals. QDTS significantly reduced UAE, ameliorated mesangial matrix deposition, alleviate the expression of protein and mRNA of TGF-β, α-SMA, and Col I, as well as improved the quality of mitochondria and the number of autophagic vesicles of renal tubular cells although the blood glucose was not decreased in db/db mice. Compared to the db/db group, the expression of the autophagy-inducible protein (Atg14 and Beclin1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II) were up-regulated, autophagic substrate transporter p62 was down-regulated in QDTS group. It was also found that the expression of SIRT1 and the proportion of p-AMPK (thr172)/AMPK were increased, while the p-mTOR (ser2448)/mTOR ratio was decreased after QDTS treatment in db/db mice, which was consistent with the effect of its active ingredients on the nutrient-sensing signal pathway as reported previously. Therefore, QDTS may prevent the progression of DN by offering the anti-fibrotic effect. The renoprotection is probably attributable to the regulation of nutrient-sensing signal pathways, which activates autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangming Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Amrendra K. Ajay
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Baihai Jiao
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Xianhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Health Management Center, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunguo Wang
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Jing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Renal Research Institute of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Tomato lycopene prevention of alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma development. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2018; 4:211-224. [PMID: 30603740 PMCID: PMC6308920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdtm.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is increasing in the United States, and chronic, excessive alcohol consumption is responsible for 32%–45% of all the liver cancer cases in the United States. Avoidance of chronic or excessive alcohol intake is the best protection against alcohol-related liver injury; however, the social presence and addictive power of alcohol are strong. Induction of the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) enzyme by chronic and excessive alcohol intake is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of ALD. High intake of tomatoes, rich in the carotenoid lycopene, is associated with a decreased risk of chronic disease. The review will overview the prevention of ALD and HCC through dietary tomato rich in lycopene as an effective intervention strategy and the crucial role of CYP2E1 induction as a molecular target. The review also indicates a need for caution among individuals consuming both alcohol and high dose lycopene as a dietary supplement.
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Lamas-Paz A, Hao F, Nelson LJ, Vázquez MT, Canals S, Gómez del Moral M, Martínez-Naves E, Nevzorova YA, Cubero FJ. Alcoholic liver disease: Utility of animal models. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5063-5075. [PMID: 30568384 PMCID: PMC6288648 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i45.5063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of acute and chronic liver injury. Extensive evidence has been accumulated on the pathological process of ALD during the past decades. However, effective treatment options for ALD are very limited due to the lack of suitable in vivo models that recapitulate the full spectrum of ALD. Experimental animal models of ALD, particularly rodents, have been used extensively to mimic human ALD. An ideal animal model should recapitulate all aspects of the ALD process, including significant steatosis, hepatic neutrophil infiltration, and liver injury. A better strategy against ALD depends on clear diagnostic biomarkers, accurate predictor(s) of its progression and new therapeutic approaches to modulate stop or even reverse the disease. Numerous models employing rodent animals have been established in the last decades to investigate the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the initiation and progression of ALD. Although significant progress has been made in gaining better knowledge on the mechanisms and pathology of ALD, many features of ALD are unknown, and require further investigation, ideally with improved animal models that more effectively mimic human ALD. Although differences in the degree and stages of alcoholic liver injury inevitably exist between animal models and human ALD, the acquisition and translational relevance will be greatly enhanced with the development of new and improved animal models of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arantza Lamas-Paz
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Yulia A Nevzovova, Francisco Javier Cubero, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Fengjie Hao
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Yulia A Nevzovova, Francisco Javier Cubero, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Leonard J Nelson
- Institute for Bioengineering (IBioE), School of Engineering, Faraday Building, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3 JL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Teresa Vázquez
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Santiago Canals
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante 03550, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez del Moral
- Department of Cell Biology, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Eduardo Martínez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Yulia A Nevzovova, Francisco Javier Cubero, 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Yulia A Nevzorova
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen 52062, Germany
| | - Francisco Javier Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid 28040, Spain
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Zhang Y, Jin Q, Li X, Jiang M, Cui BW, Xia KL, Wu YL, Lian LH, Nan JX. Amelioration of Alcoholic Liver Steatosis by Dihydroquercetin through the Modulation of AMPK-Dependent Lipogenesis Mediated by P2X7R-NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4862-4871. [PMID: 29706079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dihydroquercetin (TAX) is the most abundant dihydroflavone found in onions, milk thistle, and Douglas fir bark. We investigated whether TAX could inhibit lipid accumulation in alcoholic liver steatosis in vivo and in vitro. An in vivo model was established by intragastrically treating mice with ethanol, and an in vitro model was created by treating HepG2 cells with ethanol. TAX regulated SREBP1 and ACC expression by elevating LKB1 and AMPK phosphorylation. Also, TAX upregulated SIRT1 expression, which was suppressed by ethanol intake. Decreased expression of P2X7R and NLRP3 and suppressed cleavage of caspase-1 by TAX resulted in the inhibition of IL-1β production and release. Additionally, TAX reduced lipogenesis and promoted lipid oxidation via the regulation of AMPK and ACC in ethanol-treated steatotic HepG2 cells. TAX downregulated IL-1β cleavage responses to LPS and ATP stimulation in HepG2 cells. P2X7R deficiency attenuated lipid accumulation, characterized by increased AMPK activity and decreased SREBP1 expression in ethanol-treated HepG2 cells. Our data showed that TAX exhibited the ability to inhibit lipogenesis and a hepatoprotective capacity, indicating that TAX has therapeutic potential for preventing alcoholic liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Quan Jin
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Ben-Wen Cui
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Kai-Li Xia
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Yan-Ling Wu
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Li-Hua Lian
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
| | - Ji-Xing Nan
- Key Laboratory for Natural Resource of Changbai Mountain & Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Yanbian University , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
- Clinical Research Center , Yanbian University Hospital , Yanji , Jilin Province 133002 , China
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Luteolin selectively kills STAT3 highly activated gastric cancer cells through enhancing the binding of STAT3 to SHP-1. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2612. [PMID: 28182003 PMCID: PMC5386483 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor effect of luteolin, a plant flavonoid, in gastric cancer (GC) cells has not been fully understood. Here we show that luteolin selectively kills STAT3 overactivated GC cells that are often drug resistant. The treatment of luteolin in these GC cells significantly inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced the expression of STAT3 targeting gene Mcl-1, Survivin and Bcl-xl. Silencing of SHP-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase, abolished the inhibitory effect of luteolin on STAT3 and cell apoptosis, suggesting that SHP-1 is crucial in luteolin-mediated cellular function. Moreover, this luteolin effect of STAT3 dephosphorylation by SHP-1 involved in HSP-90, which protected STAT3 phosphorylation by forming HSP-90/STAT3 complex. Thus, luteolin inhibited STAT3 activation through disrupting the binding of HSP-90 to STAT3, which promoted its interaction to SHP-1, resulted in the dephosphorylation of STAT3. The GC cell xenograft mouse model confirmed the effectiveness of luteolin induced inhibition of tumor growth in vivo.
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Mercer KE, Pulliam CF, Pedersen KB, Hennings L, Ronis MJ. Soy protein isolate inhibits hepatic tumor promotion in mice fed a high-fat liquid diet. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:635-644. [PMID: 28056552 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216685436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases are risk factors for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. On the other hand, ingestion of soy-containing diets may oppose the development of certain cancers. We previously reported that replacing casein with a soy protein isolate reduced tumor promotion in the livers of mice with alcoholic liver disease after feeding a high fat ethanol liquid diet following initiation with diethylnitrosamine. Feeding soy protein isolate inhibited processes that may contribute to tumor promotion including inflammation, sphingolipid signaling, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. We have extended these studies to characterize liver tumor promotion in a model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease produced by chronic feeding of high-fat liquid diets in the absence of ethanol. Mice treated with diethylnitrosamine on postnatal day 14 were fed a high-fat liquid diet made with casein or SPI as the sole protein source for 16 weeks in adulthood. Relative to mice fed normal chow, a high fat/casein diet led to increased tumor promotion, hepatocyte proliferation, steatosis, and inflammation. Replacing casein with soy protein isolate counteracted these effects. The high fat diets also resulted in a general increase in transcripts for Wnt/β-catenin pathway components, which may be an important mechanism, whereby hepatic tumorigenesis is promoted. However, soy protein isolate did not block Wnt signaling in this nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model. We conclude that replacing casein with soy protein isolate blocks development of steatosis, inflammation, and tumor promotion in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice fed high fat diets. Impact statement The impact of dietary components on cancer is a topic of great interest for both the general public and the scientific community. Liver cancer is currently the second leading form of cancer deaths worldwide. Our study has addressed the effect of the protein source on hepatic tumor promotion in a mouse model reflecting aspects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high-fat liquid diet with casein as the protein source promotes hepatic injury and tumor promotion in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. Replacing casein with a soy protein isolate led to a pronounced diminishment of tumor promotion and associated hepatic injury and inflammation. The study thus demonstrates that a dietary protein source can have beneficial, preventative effects on hepatic tumor promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Mercer
- 1 Department of Pediatrics at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.,2 Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Casey F Pulliam
- 3 Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kim B Pedersen
- 3 Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Leah Hennings
- 4 Department of Pathology at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Martin Jj Ronis
- 3 Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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12
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TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-TAK1 Complex-Mediated NF-κB Activation Contribute to the Anti-Inflammatory Effect of V8 in LPS-Induced Human Cervical Cancer SiHa Cells. Inflammation 2016; 39:172-181. [PMID: 26276130 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-015-0236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic compound 7-4-[Bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-butoxy-5-hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-phenylchromen-4-one (V8) is a novel flavonoid-derived compound. In this study, we investigated the effects of V8 on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory reaction in human cervical cancer SiHa cells and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TLR4 activity in cervical cancer SiHa (HPV16+) cells, but not in HeLa (HPV18+) and C33A (HPV-) cells. In addition, V8 inhibited LPS-induced expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6 and phosphorylation of TAK1, and their interaction with TLR4 in SiHa cells, resulting in an inhibition of TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-TAK1 complex. Moreover, V8 blocked LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB and IKK, resulting in inhibition of the nuclear translocation of P65-NF-κB in SiHa cells. We also found that V8 reduced the expression of NF-κB target genes, such as those for COX-2, iNOS, IL-6, IL-8, CCL-2, and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated SiHa cells. These results suggested that V8 exerted an anti-inflammatory effect on SiHa cells by inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88-TRAF6-TAK1 complex-mediated NF-κB activation.
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13
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Galangin Induces Autophagy via Deacetylation of LC3 by SIRT1 in HepG2 Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30496. [PMID: 27460655 PMCID: PMC4962058 DOI: 10.1038/srep30496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis and autophagy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, but the precise mechanism is not clear. In this study, we demonstrated that galangin induced autophagy, enhanced the binding of SIRT1-LC3 and reduced the acetylation of endogenous LC3 in HepG2 cells. But this autophagy was inhibited by inactivation of SIRT1 meanwhile, galangin failed to reduce the acetylation of endogenous LC3 after SIRT1 was knocked-down. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a new mechanism by which galangin induces autophagy via the deacetylation of endogenous LC3 by SIRT1.
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14
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Stice CP, Hussain S, Liu C, Ausman LM, Wang XD, Greenberg AS. Deletion of tumor progression locus 2 attenuates alcohol-induced hepatic inflammation. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr 2016; 5:29-37. [PMID: 26904554 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2015.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) involves the interaction of several inflammatory signaling pathways. Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), also known as Cancer Osaka Thyroid (COT) and MAP3K8, is a serine-threonine kinase that functions as a critical regulator of inflammatory pathways by up-regulating production of inflammatory cytokines. The present study aims to fill the gap in knowledge regarding the involvement of TPL2 in the mechanism of alcohol-induced hepatic inflammation. METHODS Male TPL2(-/-) knockout (TPL2KO) mice and TPL2(+/+) wild-type (WT) mice were group pair-fed with Lieber-DeCarli liquid ethanol diet (EtOH diet, 27% energy from EtOH) or control diet (ctrl diet) for 4 weeks. Both histological and molecular biomarkers involved in the induction of hepatic inflammation by alcohol consumption were examined. RESULTS Consumption of the EtOH diet in WT mice lead to a significant induction of TPL2 mRNA expression as compared with WT mice fed ctrl diet. A significant induction in inflammatory foci and steatosis was also observed in WT mice fed EtOH diet. The deletion of TPL2 significantly reduced inflammatory foci in the liver of mice consuming both ctrl and EtOH diets as compared to their respective WT controls. This reduction was associated with suppression of hepatic inflammatory gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and macrophage marker F4/80. In addition, histological analysis of livers revealed that TPL2 deletion resulted in reduced steatosis in both ctrl (significant) and EtOH (non-significant) diet-fed mice as compared to their respective WT controls. CONCLUSIONS The demonstration that TPL2 deletion attenuates alcohol-induced hepatic inflammation provides evidence of a novel role for TPL2 in the pathogenesis of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla P Stice
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, 2 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sajid Hussain
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, 2 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chun Liu
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, 2 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynne M Ausman
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, 2 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, 2 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew S Greenberg
- 1 Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, 2 Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Weiskirchen R. Hepatoprotective and Anti-fibrotic Agents: It's Time to Take the Next Step. Front Pharmacol 2016; 6:303. [PMID: 26779021 PMCID: PMC4703795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis cause strong human suffering and necessitate a monetary burden worldwide. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of therapies. Pre-clinical animal models are indispensable in the drug discovery and development of new anti-fibrotic compounds and are immensely valuable for understanding and proofing the mode of their proposed action. In fibrosis research, inbreed mice and rats are by far the most used species for testing drug efficacy. During the last decades, several hundred or even a thousand different drugs that reproducibly evolve beneficial effects on liver health in respective disease models were identified. However, there are only a few compounds (e.g., GR-MD-02, GM-CT-01) that were translated from bench to bedside. In contrast, the large number of drugs successfully tested in animal studies is repeatedly tested over and over engender findings with similar or identical outcome. This circumstance undermines the 3R (Replacement, Refinement, Reduction) principle of Russell and Burch that was introduced to minimize the suffering of laboratory animals. This ethical framework, however, represents the basis of the new animal welfare regulations in the member states of the European Union. Consequently, the legal authorities in the different countries are halted to foreclose testing of drugs in animals that were successfully tested before. This review provides a synopsis on anti-fibrotic compounds that were tested in classical rodent models. Their mode of action, potential sources and the observed beneficial effects on liver health are discussed. This review attempts to provide a reference compilation for all those involved in the testing of drugs or in the design of new clinical trials targeting hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy, and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH University Hospital Aachen Aachen, Germany
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16
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Hytti M, Piippo N, Korhonen E, Honkakoski P, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Fisetin and luteolin protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death and regulate inflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17645. [PMID: 26619957 PMCID: PMC4664957 DOI: 10.1038/srep17645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a clinical hallmark of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness among aged people in the Western world. Both inflammation and oxidative stress are known to play vital roles in the development of this disease. Here, we assess the ability of fisetin and luteolin, to protect ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death and to decrease intracellular inflammation. We also compare the growth and reactivity of human ARPE-19 cells in serum-free and serum-containing conditions. The absence of serum in the culture medium did not prevent ARPE-19 cells from reaching full confluency but caused an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Both fisetin and luteolin protected ARPE-19 cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. They also significantly decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines into the culture medium. The decrease in inflammation was associated with reduced activation of MAPKs and CREB, but was not linked to NF- κB or SIRT1. The ability of fisetin and luteolin to protect and repair stressed RPE cells even after the oxidative insult make them attractive in the search for treatments for AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hytti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Piippo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eveliina Korhonen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paavo Honkakoski
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.B. 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O.B. 100, FI-70029 KYS, Finland
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17
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Li X, Liu C, Ip BC, Hu KQ, Smith DE, Greenberg AS, Wang XD. Tumor progression locus 2 ablation suppressed hepatocellular carcinoma development by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and steatosis in mice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:138. [PMID: 26560698 PMCID: PMC4642781 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2), a serine-threonine kinase, functions as a critical regulator of inflammatory pathways and mediates oncogenic events. The potential role of Tpl2 in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development remains unknown. Methods Both wild-type and Tpl2 knockout male mice were initiated by a hepatic carcinogen (diethylnitrosamine, i.p. with a single dose of 25 mg.kg−1)at 2 weeks of age, and then were given the high carbohydrate diet feeding to induce hepatic steatosis, inflammation, adenoma and HCC for 24 weeks. Results Tpl2 knockout mice had significantly lower incidences of liver tumor and developed hepatocellular adenoma only, which is contrast to wild-type mice where they all developed HCC. Tpl2 knockout mice had significantly down-regulated phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, and levels of mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il-1β, Il-18, Mcp-1 and Nalp3), which correlated with the reduced incidence and number of hepatic inflammatory foci. Furthermore, Tpl2 ablation resulted in decreased hepatic steatosis and expression of de novo lipogenesis related markers (ACC, SCD1, SREBP1C and AKT phosphorylation), as well as reduction of endoplasmic reticulum stress biomarkers PERK and eIF-2a. Conclusion The study revealed for the first time that Tpl2 plays a significant role in promoting HCC development by its pro-inflammatory effect, which suggested that Tpl2 could be a molecular target for HCC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Li
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, PR China
| | - Chun Liu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Blanche C Ip
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Kang-Quan Hu
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Greenberg
- Obesity and Metabolism Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Xiang-Dong Wang
- Nutrition and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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