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Tang Z, Zhang X, Cheng C, Xu Y, Deng G, Zhou X, Liu S. Correlation between mental status and prevalence of asthenopia in Chinese college students. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024:10.1007/s00417-024-06551-5. [PMID: 38916723 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06551-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to identify the possible association between mental status and the risk of self-reported asthenopia among college students in China. METHODS Ten thousand students were randomly assessed in the study using a self-reported asthenopia questionnaire. Their demographic characteristics and mental status were recorded. Univariate analysis was performed to preliminarily select potential risk and protective factors. Then, multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the selected risk factors of interest. RESULTS Among the 8370 students who completed the survey, the prevalence of asthenopia was 61.0%. Multivariate analysis revealed a significant relationship between asthenopia and depressive symptoms (OR 1.511 95% CI: 1.350-1.691), obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OR 1.477, 95% CI: 1.338-1.632), gender and study load. The place college students spent their off-hours (OR 0.841, 95% CI: 0.784-0.902) was found to be the strongest factor for decreasing the occurrence of asthenopia complaints. CONCLUSION Asthenopia appears common in Chinese college students. In addition to depressive symptoms, we should pay attention to obsessive-compulsive symptoms when considering means of preventing asthenopia. Harmonious social relationships, outdoor off-hour activities and exercising more than three times per week are crucial to relieving visual fatigue. Further study is still needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201100, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chiwen Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yupeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Guoying Deng
- Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 650 Xin Songjiang Road, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengtao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Myopia, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China.
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Biswas V, Masihuzzaman M, Jha RK, Majumder R. Is there a relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance using the factor structure of the convergence insufficiency symptoms survey questionnaire? Oman J Ophthalmol 2024; 17:32-36. [PMID: 38524337 PMCID: PMC10957034 DOI: 10.4103/ojo.ojo_67_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to evaluate the relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance using the factor structure convergence insufficiency symptoms survey questionnaire in university undergraduate and post-graduate students. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Centre-based and questionnaire-based. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Subjects were recruited from a university. First, an e-Survey was conducted with the help of Google form and distributed through WhatsApp and Gmail to carry out the survey. The age group of participants was ranged from 18 to 30 years. A total number of 561 responses was received during the data collection period. As per the exclusion criteria, 230 responses were excluded from the study. Out of 331 students, 154 were male while 177 were female. Out of 331 participants, 213 were undergraduates and 118 were postgraduate's students. RESULTS A total of 331 participants took part in the study. The minimum age was 18 years and the maximum age was 30 years. The mean age of the participants was 23.40 ± 2.42. Among all students, 23.81% had somatic sensations followed by 10.49% had impaired vision, and 16.31% had a poor cognitive function. The correlation between somatic sensations-impaired visions was a moderate positive correlation and a strong positive correlation between somatic sensations-cognitive performance and impaired vision-cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS A significant relationship between somatic sensations, impaired vision, and cognitive performance was found in the study. The students had more somatic sensations than impaired vision and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Biswas
- Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Masihuzzaman
- Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Roshan Kumar Jha
- Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Amity University, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Roshni Majumder
- Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Noida International University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lin N, Zhu Y, Wu X, Yang M, Lu F, Deng R. Prevalence and determinants of asthenopia among ophthalmologists in China: a national cross-sectional survey. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1290811. [PMID: 38222083 PMCID: PMC10784379 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The role of ophthalmologists is defined by tasks requiring visual effort, emphasizing the importance of examining their condition within the realm of occupational visual health. Our goal was to explore the occurrence of asthenopia among Chinese ophthalmologists and identify contributing factors through the use of a reliable and validated survey instrument. Methods A national cross-sectional online survey was carried out in June 2017, involving 6,220 practicing ophthalmologists in China. Utilizing an 11-item Asthenopia Survey Questionnaire with established reliability and validity. Prevalence rates of asthenopia among subgroups categorized by age, gender, hospital classification, physician level, daily near vision activity duration, sleep duration, sleep quality, presbyopia status, and history of eye surgery were determined using the independent t-test, chi-square test and bonferroni test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to pinpoint independent factors linked to asthenopia. Results Out of the 5,009 ophthalmologists who completed the survey, a 40.7% prevalence of asthenopia was identified. Multivariate analysis revealed that good sleep quality (OR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.20-0.30), moderate sleep quality (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.38-0.59), engaging in daily near vision activities for less than 7 h (OR: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.68-0.86), having daily sleep duration exceeding 7 h (OR: 0.87, 95%CI: 0.77-0.98), and working in tertiary hospitals (OR: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.78-0.99) were protective factors against asthenopia. Conversely, presbyopia was identified as a risk factor (OR: 1.33, 95%CI: 1.04-1.70). All calculated p values were below 0.05. Age, gender, physician level, and eye surgery history were not related factors. Conclusion Asthenopia is prevalent among Chinese ophthalmologists, with employment in tertiary hospitals providing a protective effect and presbyopia is a risk factor. Preventive strategies include improving sleep quality, restricting daily near vision activity to under 7 h, and extending daily sleep duration to over 7 h. Further investigation is needed to explore the protective implications of working in tertiary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaotian Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maoyuan Yang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruzhi Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Wang Y, Zheng F, Zhou F, Song E. Assessment of precision and reliability of a novel computerized heterophoria test. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1207945. [PMID: 37378014 PMCID: PMC10291043 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1207945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the precision and reliability of a novel computerized heterophoria test (CHT). Methods One hundred and three subjects aged 20 to 48 (27.37 ± 5.15) were recruited from Wenzhou Medical University. All subjects with corrected spectacles were examined with CHT and a prism-neutralized objective cover test (POCT) in a randomized order. They were then re-examined with CHT within 1 week. Their heterophoria was measured at three different distances (3 m, 0.77 m and 0.4 m); the average was recorded after three consecutive measurements. Inter-examiner repeatability, intra-examiner repeatability of CHT and agreement between CHT and POCT were evaluated. Results There was no significant difference among repeated measurements using CHT (all p > 0.05). The difference between POCT and CHT was statistically significant at three distances (all p < 0.001). However, the mean absolute difference was 1.20△, 1.93△, and 2.41△, all of which were significantly smaller than the permissible range of error (4△) at three different distances (all p < 0.001). Conclusion The CHT demonstrated excellent inter- and intra-examiner repeatability, as well as good correlation with POCT. The differences between CHT and POCT were within the permissible range of error, indicating that CHT could provide a precise and reliable measurement for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fuhao Zheng
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengchao Zhou
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - E. Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Li X, Lin J, Tian Z, Lin Y. An Explainable Student Fatigue Monitoring Module with Joint Facial Representation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3602. [PMID: 37050662 PMCID: PMC10099194 DOI: 10.3390/s23073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Online fatigue estimation is, inevitably, in demand as fatigue can impair the health of college students and lower the quality of higher education. Therefore, it is essential to monitor college students' fatigue to diminish its adverse effects on the health and academic performance of college students. However, former studies on student fatigue monitoring are mainly survey-based with offline analysis, instead of using constant fatigue monitoring. Hence, we proposed an explainable student fatigue estimation model based on joint facial representation. This model includes two modules: a spacial-temporal symptom classification module and a data-experience joint status inferring module. The first module tracks a student's face and generates spatial-temporal features using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the relevant drivers of abnormal symptom classification; the second module infers a student's status with symptom classification results with maximum a posteriori (MAP) under the data-experience joint constraints. The model was trained on the benchmark NTHU Driver Drowsiness Detection (NTHU-DDD) dataset and tested on an Online Student Fatigue Monitoring (OSFM) dataset. Our method outperformed the other methods with an accuracy rate of 94.47% under the same training-testing setting. The results were significant for real-time monitoring of students' fatigue states during online classes and could also provide practical strategies for in-person education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomian Li
- School of Foreign Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Jiaqin Lin
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
| | - Yuping Lin
- School of Foreign Studies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
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Eye Habits Affect the Prevalence of Asthenopia in Patients with Myopia. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:8669217. [PMID: 36300162 PMCID: PMC9592227 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8669217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to explore the risk factors of asthenopia in the myopic population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, myopia patients were inquired about their eye habits and were requested to complete an asthenopia questionnaire and ocular examinations. Age, gender, occupation, anisometropia, eye care education, weekly outdoor activity time, duration of continuous near work, daily screen time, dry eye, near phoria, and binocular accommodative facility were calculated using the Student's test-test, Mann Whitney U test, and Pearson's chi-square test. Spherical equivalents and astigmatism were calculated using a generalized estimating equation. Binary logistic regression was performed on factors with a p-value <0.05. Results Of the 65 myopic patients, 57% showed asthenopia, 52% experienced blurry vision, 37% felt their eyes hurt or sore, and 28% felt tired when performing close work. Asthenopia patients were older than patients without asthenopia (Z = −2.887, p=0.004). Daily screen time, continuous near-work time, eye care education, and dry eye were positively correlated with asthenopia (χ2 = 8.64, p=0.003; χ2 = 13.873, p < 0.001, χ2 = 9.643, p=0.002; χ2 = 7.035, p=0.008). After eliminating collinearity, eye care education and continuous near-work time were identified as independent risk factors of asthenopia, with odds ratios of 0.115 and 4.227, respectively. Conclusion This study shows that receiving eye care education from schools and hospitals and limiting near-work duration to less than 45 minutes per session could reduce the occurrence of asthenopia in myopic patients. This approach may be a more economical and convenient way for myopic people to relieve asthenopia.
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Abuallut I, Qumayi EA, Mohana AJ, Almalki NM, Ghilan ME, Dallak FH, Mahzari SM, Makrami A, Tawhari A, Ajeebi RE, Bakri SM. Prevalence of Asthenopia and Its Relationship with Electronic Screen Usage During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:3165-3174. [PMID: 36193511 PMCID: PMC9526506 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s377541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the connection between the prevalence of asthenopia and the use of electronic devices in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and Methods Asthenopia prevalence and its connection to electronic screens during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated in an analytical, cross-sectional investigation among the Jazan population. The sample population included 784 participants. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a pre-tested, organized, and self-administered questionnaire was used as the study method. Social media invitations were used to contact the sample group. Results Of the 784 participants, 587 (74.96%) had asthenopia symptoms after using digital devices at the end of the day. A total of 56.30% used digital gadgets for > 6 hours each day, whereas 55.36% spent <2 hours per day reading papers or books or writing. Daily usage of digital gadgets did not significantly differ from asthenopia (p=0.46), as well as reading papers, books, or writing and asthenopia (p=0.098). A total of 45.92% of the study population maintained digital devices/books at a distance <25 cm, which was significantly associated with symptoms of asthenopia (p=0.048). Furthermore, 90.10% of the sample population used laptops, cellphones, and iPads before going to bed or after turning off lights. A total of 63.52% preferred using devices while lying in bed. There was no positive link between asthenopia symptoms and cellphone usage at bedtime or after turning off lights (p=0.028). Conclusion Digital technology is used by people of all ages for a wide range of daily activities, including education, employment, business, and recreation. We concluded that this group had a high prevalence of asthenopia, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The high frequency of asthenopia emphasizes the significance of conducting public awareness campaigns concerning asthenopia symptoms and prevention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Abuallut
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ismail Abuallut, Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Email
| | - Elham A Qumayi
- College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Almoayad Makrami
- Ophthalmology Department, Prince Mohammed bin Naser Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Tawhari
- College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sultan Mousa Bakri
- Ophthalmology Department, Prince Mohammed bin Naser Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Self-Reported Computer Vision Syndrome among Thai University Students in Virtual Classrooms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prevalence and Associated Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19073996. [PMID: 35409679 PMCID: PMC8997620 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, computer vision syndrome (CVS) related to online classrooms were unavoidable. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the prevalence, characteristics and associated factors of CVS. A total of 527 students who were currently studying in a virtual classroom (70.40% female, mean (standard deviation; SD) age of 20.04 (2.17) years) were included. The prevalence of CVS assessed by an online CVS-Questionnaire was 81.0% (427/527). Comparing with those in the period before the online study, an increase in screen time (interquartile range) in students with and without CVS was 3 (0−3) and 2 (1−5) h, respectively. Overall, 516 students (97.9%) experienced at least one symptom. The most frequent symptom in CVS subjects was eye pain (96.5%). The most intense symptoms were the feeling of worsening eyesight (15.9%). The factors associated with CVS were female (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.010), atopic diseases (p = 0.020), prior ocular symptoms (p < 0.001), astigmatism (p = 0.033), distance from display <20 cm (p = 0.023), presence of glare or reflection on screen (p < 0.001), low screen brightness (p = 0.045), sleep duration (p = 0.030), inadequate break time between classes (p < 0.001) and increased screen time usage during online study (p < 0.001). Recommendations to prevent CVS based on the adjustable factors might reduce the burden of online study.
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Li L, Zhang J, Chen M, Li X, Chu Q, Jiang R, Liu Z, Zhang L, Shi J, Wang Y, Zhu W, Chen J, Xun P, Zhou J. Contribution of Total Screen/Online-Course Time to Asthenopia in Children During COVID-19 Pandemic via Influencing Psychological Stress. Front Public Health 2021; 9:736617. [PMID: 34926368 PMCID: PMC8671164 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.736617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) self-quarantine period, the transition to online-course has profoundly changed the learning modes of millions of school-aged children and put them at an increased risk of asthenopia. Therefore, we aimed to determine associations of the total screen/online-course time with asthenopia prevalence among that children during the COVID-19 pandemic, and whether the associations were mediated by psychological stress. Methods: Asthenopia was defined according to a validated computer vision syndrome questionnaire (CVS-Q). We used CVS-Q to collect the frequency and intensity of 16 asthenopia-related eye symptoms of 25,781 children. Demographic features, eye care habits, visual disorders, lifestyle, psychological and environmental factors, were also collected. Results: The overall asthenopia prevalence was 12.1%, varying from 5.4 to 18.2% across grade/gender-classified subgroups. A 100-h increment of total screen/online-course time were associated with an increased risk of asthenopia by 9% [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09] and 11% (OR = 1.11), respectively. Mediation analysis showed that the proportions of total effects mediated by psychological stress were 23.5 and 38.1%, respectively. Age, female gender, having myopia or astigmatism, bad habits when watching screens were also risk factors. Conversely, keeping 34–65 cm between eyes and screen, increased rest time between classes, and increased eye exercise were all associated with a decreased risk. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the influence of long total screen or online-course time on psychological stress increases asthenopia risk. The findings of this study have provided a new avenue for intervening screen-related asthenopia in addition to incorporating a reasonable schedule of online courses into educational policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Moxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Li
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Chu
- Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- China Hospital Development Institute, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Dongtai Tangyang High School, Yancheng, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiaxing First Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shouxian Hospital, Huainan, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengcheng Xun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States.,Department of Global Value Access and Outcomes, Atara Biotherapeutics, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States
| | - Jibo Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zheng F, Hou F, Chen R, Mei J, Huang P, Chen B, Wang Y. Investigation of the Relationship Between Subjective Symptoms of Visual Fatigue and Visual Functions. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:686740. [PMID: 34335163 PMCID: PMC8319646 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.686740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether the severity of symptoms of visual fatigue might be associated with clinical visual measures and basic visual functions, such as accommodation, vergence, and contrast sensitivity. Methods In this study, 104 students were recruited (25 males, 79 females, Age 23.4 ± 2.5) for this study. Those with high myopia, strabismus, anisometropia, eye disease or history of ophthalmological surgery were excluded. The included subjects completed a questionnaire that assesses the severity of visual fatigue. Then, binocular accommodative facility, vergence facility and contrast sensitivity using a quick contrast sensitivity function approach were measured in a random sequence. Next, the correlations between each symptom of visual fatigue in the questionnaire and accommodative facility, vergence facility and contrast sensitivity were examined. Results Factor analysis indicated that visual fatigue, as captured by the scores of a subset of the questionnaire items, could be strongly related to binocular accommodative facility and binocular contrast sensitivity, but not to vergence facility. We also found that binocular accommodative facility and contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies are related. Conclusion Our findings suggest that visual fatigue is related to the ability of human observers to encode visual details through their binocular vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhao Zheng
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Hou
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruru Chen
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Mei
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Pingping Huang
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bingzhen Chen
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Nunes AF, Monteiro PL, Nunes AS. Factor structure of the convergence insufficiency symptom survey questionnaire. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229511. [PMID: 32092119 PMCID: PMC7039507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze the factorial structure of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey questionnaire with 15 items, in order to identify latent dimensions that can contribute to a more focused implementation. The questionnaire was self-administered in paper by 183 university students, in the age span of 18 to 30. Both Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and Bartlett's sphericity test were performed to ensure the validity of the factorization. In order to analyze the principal components, factors which obtained eigenvalues greater than 1 were chosen. The extraction of factors was performed after computing a Promax rotation and a Kaiser criterion. In each extracted factor, the internal consistency was used to prove its reliability. Bartlett's sphericity test was statistically significant (p <0.001), and the Both Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test was 0.89, confirming the factorization of this instrument. Exploratory factor analysis followed by a Promax rotation and scree plots graphic, extracted three factors that explained 62.1% of the total variance. The composition of each factor suggests the following meanings: Factor 1 (somatic sensation) includes 8 of 15 items; Factor 2 (impaired vision) includes 3 of 15 items; Factor 3 (cognitive performance) includes 4 of 15 items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient demonstrated good internal consistency (α> 0.75) in three dimensions. The multivariate statistical analysis of the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey revealed a three-factor structure, so new forms of questionnaire analysis can be designed in order to obtain gains in the management of a symptomatic patient, using 3 subscores, one for each factor, instead of a total score. The factorial structure of the questionnaire can be used with a high level of confidence in future investigations, which aim to assess which dimensions are most affected in each type of visual changes and develop more targeted therapeutic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia Fernandes Nunes
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), UBIMedical, Covilhã, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Pedro Lourenço Monteiro
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), UBIMedical, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - António Santos Nunes
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Unit in Business Sciences (NECE), Covilhã, Portugal
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12
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Hashemi H, Saatchi M, Yekta A, Ali B, Ostadimoghaddam H, Nabovati P, Aghamirsalim M, Khabazkhoob M. High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2019; 14:474-482. [PMID: 31875103 PMCID: PMC6825687 DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v14i4.5455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the prevalence of asthenopia and its associated factors in a
sample of university students in Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected using multistage
cluster sampling. Presence of at least one of the 10 symptoms—foreign body
sensation, diplopia, blurred vision, eye swelling, dry eye, eye pain,
difficulty in sustaining visual operations, decreased visual acuity,
tearing, and photophobia—was considered as asthenopia. Ocular examinations,
including uncorrected/corrected visual acuity measurement,
objective/subjective refraction, cover test, amplitude of accommodation
(AA), and near point of convergence (NPC) were performed. Results Of the 1,462 students (mean age: 22.8 ± 3.1 years), 73% were women. The age- and
gender-standardized prevalence was 70.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]:
68.3–73.5), 39.8% (95% CI: 36.4–43.1), and 19.7% (95% CI: 16.0–23.3) based
on the presence of at least one, two, and three symptoms, respectively. The
prevalence was significantly higher in females (P = 0.048),
hyperopic students (P< 0.001), and astigmatic participants (P < 0.001). The mean AA and NPC were 9.7 ± 2.6 D and 10.2 ± 4.2 D (P = 0.008) and 7.0 ± 2.1 cm and 7.7 ± 3.9 cm (P< 0.001) in participants with and without asthenopia,
respectively. Multiple regression model revealed age (28–29 years),
astigmatism, and NPC as independent associated factors (odds ratios: 3.51,
1.61, and 0.91, respectively). Conclusion This study shows relatively high prevalence of asthenopia in university
students. Demographic factors and visual system disorders are important risk
factors and timely correction of conditions may lead to decreased
asthenopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran.,Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saatchi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Babak Ali
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Ostadimoghaddam
- Refractive Errors Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Payam Nabovati
- Rehabilitation Research Center, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Video Display Operator Complaints: A 10-Year Follow-Up of Visual Fatigue and Refractive Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142501. [PMID: 31337021 PMCID: PMC6678724 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Visual fatigue and discomfort are very common complaints for video display operators (VDTs). The aim of our study was to study work-related visual symptoms in relation to refractive disorders and psychosocial factors in 3054 public employees by way of follow-ups for 10 years with periodic medical examinations with eye evaluation in the period 2000-2009. Factors related to visual fatigue were evaluated in the follow-up using generalized equation estimation. Visual fatigue was very common in VDT operators (64.03%). During the follow-up, no relationship between visual fatigue and age, sex, seniority of work, visual acuity and refractory disorders was found. Visual fatigue was significantly associated with anxiety perception in a dose-related matter (odds ratio (OR) 7.40, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.77-31.3), psychosocial factors (OR 1.03, CI 95% 1.01-1.07), use of lenses (OR 1.34, CI 95% 1.09-1.64) and time of VDT usage (OR 1.27, CI 95% 1.04-1.53). This study confirmed that visual fatigue is common in VDT users and is related to anxiety perception, time of VDT usage, use of lenses and stress. No relationship was found between visual fatigue and refractory disorders or visual acuity.
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14
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Moldovan HR, Voidazan ST, Moldovan G, Vlasiu MA, Moldovan G, Panaitescu R. Accommodative asthenopia among Romanian computer-using medical students-A neglected occupational disease. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2019; 75:235-241. [PMID: 31124406 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2019.1616666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Computers have become to play an important role in people's lives throughout the world thus increasing the number of patients with ocular complaints. Also known as computer vision syndrome, accommodative asthenopia might be considered as a neglected occupational condition, but there is no consensus regarding diagnostic criteria, which leads to under-recognition and under-reporting. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence, early symptoms and specific preventive measures of accommodative asthenopia among computer-using medical students (n = 420), in a cross-sectional study. The most common early symptoms were: tired eyes/eye strain (86.1%), burning eyes (46.8%), migraines/headaches (46.8%), red-swollen eyes (43%), photophobia (41.8%), temporary blurred vision (35.4%), and eyelid spasms (32.9%). Our study identifies the most frequent early symptoms of accommodative asthenopia as a possible occupational disease, which might serve as a fundament for a future consensus strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horatiu-Remus Moldovan
- Occupational Medicine Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu-Mures, Romania
| | - Septimiu-Toader Voidazan
- Epidemiology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu-Mures, Romania
| | | | | | - Geanina Moldovan
- Hygiene Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu-Mures, Romania
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15
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Guo F, Zhang Q, Fan MN, Ma L, Chen C, Liu XH, Jiang H, Liu Y. Fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1020-1027. [PMID: 29977818 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.06.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of asthenopia among Chinese college students. METHODS A total of 1022 students were selected from five universities by a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. They were surveyed via a self-administered questionnaire including socio-demographic features, dietary and lifestyle habits, eye-related symptoms, eye care habits and history of diseases. Ascertainment of asthenopia was based on participants' subjectively reported symptoms. The associations between fruit and vegetable intake with asthenopia risk were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS There were no significant associations between total fruit and vegetable, total vegetable, or fruit and the risk of asthenopia. Higher intake of dark-green leafy vegetable was likely to be inversely associated with asthenopia risk [odd ratio (OR): 0.60; 95%CI: 0.37-0.97; Ptrend=0.21] after controlling for nondietary and dietary risk factors. Stratified analysis showed that the inverse association between dark-green leafy vegetable intake and asthenopia risk was limited to participants with suboptimal eyesight (OR: 0.45; 95%CI: 0.25-0.82; Ptrend=0.05), wearing glasses (OR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.17-0.72; Ptrend=0.03) or using computer ≥3h/d (OR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.25-0.93; Ptrend=0.08). CONCLUSION A higher consumption of dark-green leafy vegetable is associated with a lower asthenopia risk among college students with suboptimal eyesight and poor eye care habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng-Nan Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Le Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.,School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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16
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Hirota M, Morimoto T, Kanda H, Endo T, Miyoshi T, Miyagawa S, Hirohara Y, Yamaguchi T, Saika M, Fujikado T. Objective Evaluation of Visual Fatigue Using Binocular Fusion Maintenance. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2018; 7:9. [PMID: 29600117 PMCID: PMC5868862 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.7.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we investigated whether an individual's visual fatigue can be evaluated objectively and quantitatively from their ability to maintain binocular fusion. Methods Binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) was measured using a custom-made binocular open-view Shack-Hartmann wavefront aberrometer equipped with liquid crystal shutters, wherein eye movements and wavefront aberrations were measured simultaneously. Transmittance in the liquid crystal shutter in front of the subject's nondominant eye was reduced linearly, and BFM was determined from the transmittance at the point when binocular fusion was broken and vergence eye movement was induced. In total, 40 healthy subjects underwent the BFM test and completed a questionnaire regarding subjective symptoms before and after a visual task lasting 30 minutes. Results BFM was significantly reduced after the visual task (P < 0.001) and was negatively correlated with the total subjective eye symptom score (adjusted R2 = 0.752, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the diagnostic accuracy for visual fatigue was significantly higher in BFM than in the conventional test results (aggregated fusional vergence range, near point of convergence, and the high-frequency component of accommodative microfluctuations; P = 0.007). Conclusions These results suggest that BFM can be used as an indicator for evaluating visual fatigue. Translational Relevance BFM can be used to evaluate the visual fatigue caused by the new visual devices, such as head-mount display, objectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Hirota
- Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanda
- Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takao Endo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Miyoshi
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Suguru Miyagawa
- Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Topcon Corporation, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Takashi Fujikado
- Department of Applied Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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17
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Porcar E, Montalt JC, Pons ÁM, España-Gregori E. Symptomatic accommodative and binocular dysfunctions from the use of flat-panel displays. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:501-505. [PMID: 29600186 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.03.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the presence of symptomatic accommodative and non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions (ANSBD) in a non-presbyopic population of video display unit (VDU) users with flat-panel displays. METHODS One hundred and one VDU users, aged between 20 to 34y, initially participated in the study. This study excluded contact-lens wearers and subjects who had undergone refractive surgery or had any systemic or ocular disease. First, subjects were asked about the type and nature of eye symptoms they experienced during VDU use. Then, a thorough eye examination excluded those subjects with a significant uncorrected refractive error or other problem, such as ocular motility disorders, vertical deviation, strabismus and eye diseases. Finally, the remaining participants underwent an exhaustive assessment of their accommodative and binocular vision status. RESULTS Eighty-nine VDU users (46 females and 43 males) were included in this study. They used flat-panel displays for an average of 5±1.9h a day. Twenty subjects presented ANSBD (22.5%). Convergence excess was the most frequent non-strabismic binocular dysfunction (9 subjects), followed by fusional vergence dysfunction (3 subjects) and convergence insufficiency (2 subjects). Within the accommodative dysfunctions, accommodative excess was the most common (4 subjects), followed by accommodative insufficiency (2 subjects). Moderate to severe eye symptoms were found in 13 subjects with ANSBD. CONCLUSION Significant eye symptoms in VDU users with accommodative and/or non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions often occur and should not be underestimated; therefore, an appropriate evaluation of accommodative and binocular vision status is more important for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Porcar
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia) 46100, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Montalt
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia) 46100, Spain
| | - Álvaro M Pons
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Sciences, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot (Valencia) 46100, Spain
| | - Enrique España-Gregori
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Odontology, la Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Valencia 46026, Spain
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18
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Kim DJ, Lim CY, Gu N, Park CY. Visual Fatigue Induced by Viewing a Tablet Computer with a High-resolution Display. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2017; 31:388-393. [PMID: 28914003 PMCID: PMC5636714 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2016.0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the present study, the visual discomfort induced by smart mobile devices was assessed in normal and healthy adults. Methods Fifty-nine volunteers (age, 38.16 ± 10.23 years; male : female = 19 : 40) were exposed to tablet computer screen stimuli (iPad Air, Apple Inc.) for 1 hour. Participants watched a movie or played a computer game on the tablet computer. Visual fatigue and discomfort were assessed using an asthenopia questionnaire, tear film break-up time, and total ocular wavefront aberration before and after viewing smart mobile devices. Results Based on the questionnaire, viewing smart mobile devices for 1 hour significantly increased mean total asthenopia score from 19.59 ± 8.58 to 22.68 ± 9.39 (p < 0.001). Specifically, the scores for five items (tired eyes, sore/aching eyes, irritated eyes, watery eyes, and hot/burning eye) were significantly increased by viewing smart mobile devices. Tear film break-up time significantly decreased from 5.09 ± 1.52 seconds to 4.63 ± 1.34 seconds (p = 0.003). However, total ocular wavefront aberration was unchanged. Conclusions Visual fatigue and discomfort were significantly induced by viewing smart mobile devices, even though the devices were equipped with state-of-the-art display technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ju Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Chi Yeon Lim
- Department of Biostatistics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Namyi Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Choul Yong Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea.
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Ma H, Lai B, Dong S, Li X, Cui Y, Sun Q, Liu W, Jiang W, Xu F, Lv H, Han H, Pan Z. Warming infusion improves perioperative outcomes of elderly patients who underwent bilateral hip replacement. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6490. [PMID: 28353593 PMCID: PMC5380277 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective, randomized, and controlled study was performed to determine the benefits of prewarmed infusion in elderly patients who underwent bilateral hip replacement. METHODS Between September 2015 and April 2016, elderly patients who underwent bilateral hips replacement that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. After inclusion, patients were randomized into one of the study groups: in the control group, patients received an infusion of fluid kept at room temperature (22-23°C); in the warming infusion group, patients received an infusion of fluid warmed using an infusion fluid heating apparatus (35°C). Postoperative outcomes, including recovery time, length of hospital stay, visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and postoperative complications rate of patients from both groups, were compared. RESULTS A total of 64 patients were included in our study (71.2 ± 7.6 years, 53.1% males), with 32 patients in the control group and 32 patients in warming infusion group. No significant difference was found in terms of demographic data and intraoperative blood transfusion rate between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Patients receiving a prewarmed infusion had a significantly shorter time to spontaneous breath, eye opening, consciousness recovery, and extubation than the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, significant differences were found in Steward score and VAS score between 2 groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, warming infusion group also showed an obviously decreased incidence of shivering and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION A prewarmed infusion could reduce the incidence of perioperative hypothermia and improve outcomes in the elderly during bilateral hip replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology
| | - Bingjie Lai
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Hospital of Jilin University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Feng Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology
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Schellini S, Ferraz F, Opromolla P, Oliveira L, Padovani C. Main visual symptoms associated to refractive errors and spectacle need in a Brazilian population. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1657-1662. [PMID: 27990372 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the main visual symptoms in a Brazilian population sample, associated to refractive errors (REs) and spectacle need to suggest priorities in preventive programs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in nine counties of the southeast region of Brazil, using a systematic sampling of households, between March 2004 and July 2005. The population was defined as individuals aged between 1 and 96y, inhabitants of 3600 residences to be evaluated and 3012 households were included, corresponding to 8010 subjects considered for participation in the survey, of whom 7654 underwent ophthalmic examinations. The individuals were evaluated according their demographic data, eye complaints and eye examination including the RE and the need to prescribe spectacles according to age. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software package and descriptive analysis using 95% confidence intervals (P<0.05). RESULTS The main symptom detected was asthenopia, most frequent in the 2nd and 3rd decades of life, with a significant decline after the 4th decade. Astigmatism was the RE most associated with asthenopia. Reduced near vision sight was more frequent in those ≥40y with a progressive decline thereafter. Spectacles were most frequently required in subjects of ≥40 years of age. CONCLUSION The main symptom related to the vision was asthenopia and was associated to astigmatism. The greatest need for spectacles prescription occurred after 40's, mainly to correct near vision. Subjects of ≥40 years old were determined to be at high risk of uncorrected REs. These observations can guide intervention programs for the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Schellini
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio Ferraz
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Opromolla
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laryssa Oliveira
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Padovani
- Botucatu Medical School, University of State of Sao Paulo, Botucatu 18618-970, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Park CY, Gu N, Lim CY, Oh JH, Chang M, Kim M, Rhee MY. The effect of Vaccinium uliginosum extract on tablet computer-induced asthenopia: randomized placebo-controlled study. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:296. [PMID: 27538497 PMCID: PMC4991001 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the alleviation effect of Vaccinium uliginosum extract (DA9301) on tablet computer-induced asthenopia. Methods This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind and parallel study (Trial registration number: 2013–95). A total 60 volunteers were randomized into DA9301 (n = 30) and control (n = 30) groups. The DA9301 group received DA9301 oral pill (1000 mg/day) for 4 weeks and the control group received placebo. Asthenopia was evaluated by administering a questionnaire containing 10 questions (responses were scored on a scales of 0–6; total score: 60) regarding ocular symptoms before (baseline) and 4 weeks after receiving pills (DA9301 or placebo). The participants completed the questionnaire before and after tablet computer (iPad Air, Apple Inc.) watching at each visit. The change in total asthenopia score (TAS) was calculated and compared between the groups Results TAS increased significantly after tablet computer watching at baseline in DA9301 group. (from 20.35 to 23.88; p = 0.031) However, after receiving DA9301 for 4 weeks, TAS remained stable after tablet computer watching. In the control group, TAS changes induced by tablet computer watching were not significant both at baseline and at 4 weeks after receiving placebo. Further analysis revealed the scores for “tired eyes” (p = 0.001), “sore/aching eyes” (p = 0.038), “irritated eyes” (p = 0.010), “watery eyes” (p = 0.005), “dry eyes” (p = 0.003), “eye strain” (p = 0.006), “blurred vision” (p = 0.034), and “visual discomfort” (p = 0.018) significantly improved in the DA9301 group. Conclusions We found that oral intake of DA9301 (1000 mg/day for 4 weeks) was effective in alleviating asthenopia symptoms induced by tablet computer watching. Trial registration The study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (registration number: NCT02641470, date of registration December 30, 2015).
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Porcar E, Pons AM, Lorente A. Visual and ocular effects from the use of flat-panel displays. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:881-5. [PMID: 27366692 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.06.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the prevalence of eye symptoms in a non-presbyopic population of video display unit (VDU) users with flat-panel displays. METHODS One hundred and sixteen VDU users with flat-panel display from an urban population participated in the study; their ages ranging from 20 to 34y. There were 60 females and 56 males. An eye examination to rule out the presence of significant uncorrected refractive errors, general binocular dysfunctions and eye conditions was carried out. In order to determine and quantify the type and nature of eye symptoms, participants were asked to answer written questionnaire and the results were grouped by gender, age and number of hours a day spent using a VDU. RESULTS Seventy-two percent of participants reported eye symptoms related to VDU use. Eye symptoms from moderate-to-severe were found in 23% of participants. The main symptom was moderate-to-severe tired eyes (14%); followed by sensitivity to bright lights (12%), blurred vision at far distances (10%), eyestrain or dry eye or irritated or burning eyes (9%), difficulty in refocusing from one distance to another or headache (8%) and blurred vision at near or intermediate distances (<4%). Eye symptoms were greater among females (P=0.005) and increased with VDU use, markedly above 6h spent using a VDU in a typical day (P=0.01). CONCLUSION Significant eye symptoms relate to VDU use often occur and should not be underestimated. The increasing use of electronic devices with flat-panel display should prompt users to take appropriate measures to prevent or to relieve the eye symptoms arising from their use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Porcar
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Science Unit, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Alvaro M Pons
- Department of Optics, Optometry and Vision Science Unit, Physics College, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | - Amalia Lorente
- Department of Optics II, Optometry College, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
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