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Leem KH, Kim S, Lim J, Park HJ, Shin YC, Lee JS. Hydrolyzed Collagen Tripeptide Promotes Longitudinal Bone Growth in Childhood Rats via Increases in Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Bone Morphogenetic Proteins. J Med Food 2023; 26:809-819. [PMID: 37862561 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that collagen tripeptide (CTP) derived from collagen hydrolysate has various beneficial effects on health by protecting against skin aging and improving bone formation and cartilage regeneration. Collagen-Tripep20TM (CTP20), which is a low-molecular-weight CTP derived from fish skin, contains a bioactive CTP, Gly-Pro-Hyp >3.2% with a tripeptide content >20%. Herein, we investigated the osteogenic effects and mechanisms of CTP20 (<500 Da) on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells and SW1353 chondrocytes. And we measured promoting ratio of the longitudinal bone growth in childhood rats. First, CTP20 at 100 μg/mL elevated the proliferation (15.0% and 28.2%), alkaline phosphatase activity (29.3% and 32.0%), collagen synthesis (1.25- and 1.14-fold), and calcium deposition (1.18- and 1.15-fold) in MG-63 cells and SW1353, respectively. In addition, we found that CTP20 could promote the longitudinal growth and height of the growth plate of the tibia in childhood rats. CTP20 enhanced the protein expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in MG-63 and SW1353 cells, and in the growth plate of childhood rats, along with Janus Kinase 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 activation in MG-63 and SW1353 cells. CTP20 also elevated the expression levels of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in MG-63 and SW1353 cells and in the growth plates of childhood rats. These results indicate that CTP20 may promote the endochondral ossification and longitudinal bone growth, through enhancing of IGF-1 and BMPs. (Clinical Trial Registration number: smecae 19-09-01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Hyun Leem
- College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea
| | - Sanga Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junsik Lim
- College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University, Jecheon, Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Hwang YJ, Hwang HJ, Go H, Park N, Hwang KA. Sword Bean ( Canavalia gladiata) Pods Induce Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Cells by Activating the BMP2/SMAD/RUNX2 Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:4372. [PMID: 37892447 PMCID: PMC10610144 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sword bean (SB) contains various phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. Although the evaluation of its potential functions, including antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, liver protection, and antiangiogenic activities, has been widely reported, research on their use in osteoporosis prevention is insufficient. Furthermore, while various studies are conducted on SB, research on sword bean pods (SBP) is not yet active, and little is known about it. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of promoting osteoblast differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells using SB and SBP extracts and their mechanisms. We show that SBP extracts increase osteoblast proliferation, mineralization-activated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and collagen synthesis activities. Additionally, treatment with SBP extract increased the expression of markers related to osteoblast differentiation, such as ALP, SPARC, RUNX2, COL-I, BMP2, OCN, and OPN. It was confirmed that SBP induces differentiation by activating the BMP2/SMAD/RUNX2 pathway. We also show that SBP is more effective than SB, and SBP may be useful in assimilating bone minerals and preventing osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.H.); (H.-J.H.); (H.G.)
| | - Hye-Jeong Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.H.); (H.-J.H.); (H.G.)
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong City 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseo Go
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.H.); (H.-J.H.); (H.G.)
| | - NaYeong Park
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.H.); (H.-J.H.); (H.G.)
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea; (Y.J.H.); (H.-J.H.); (H.G.)
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Uijlenbroek HJJ, Lin X, Liu T, Zheng Y, Wismeijer D, Liu Y. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 incorporated calcium phosphate graft promotes peri-implant bone defect healing in dogs: A pilot study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:1092-1102. [PMID: 35796096 PMCID: PMC9562579 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The evaluation of three different drug delivery modes of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) in healing peri‐implant bone defects in beagle dogs. BMP‐2 was incorporated in or onto calcium phosphate (CaP) granules in various ways: (i) directly on the outer layer of granules CaP: as an adsorbed depot; (ii) during the entire precipitation process of CaP: an internally incorporated depot; or (iii) during the biomimetic coating precipitation of BMP‐2 on the surface of CaP granules: as a coating incorporated depot. Material and Methods After extraction of the lower molars and wound healing in 6 male beagle dogs, 36 implants were placed (n = 6 animal per group). Peri‐implant bone defects were induced. The following treatment groups were evaluated: no treatment; air abrasive surface cleaning (SC) using hydroxyapatite; SC and the subsequent filling of the defect with CaP without BMP‐2; SC plus the subsequent filling of the defect with CaP adsorbed BMP‐2; SC plus the subsequent filling of the defect with CaP internally incorporated BMP‐2; SC plus the subsequent filling of the defect with CaP coating incorporated BMP‐2. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were carried out to quantify and compare the changes in bone tissue surrounding the treated implants. Results In Group 1 with no treatment, four implants were lost. Group 5 with the SC and the subsequent filling of the defect with internally incorporated BMP‐2 biomimetically prepared CaP (BioCaP), whereby the BMP‐2 is incorporated in the entire volume of all BioCaP particles, showed overall the best results to regenerate bone around the implants. Conclusion This study concluded that the group treated with SC plus the subsequent filling of the defect with CaP BMP‐2 internally incorporated BMP‐2, whereby BMP‐2 has been incorporated in the entire volume of all CaP particles, showed overall the best results when aiming to regenerate bone around the implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri J J Uijlenbroek
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xingnan Lin
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tie Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanna Zheng
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Private Practice prof. dr. D. Wismeijer, Ellecom, The Netherlands
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The context-dependent, combinatorial logic of BMP signaling. Cell Syst 2022; 13:388-407.e10. [PMID: 35421361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell communication systems typically comprise families of ligand and receptor variants that function together in combinations. Pathway activation depends on the complex way in which ligands are presented extracellularly and receptors are expressed by the signal-receiving cell. To understand the combinatorial logic of such a system, we systematically measured pairwise bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) ligand interactions in cells with varying receptor expression. Ligands could be classified into equivalence groups based on their profile of positive and negative synergies with other ligands. These groups varied with receptor expression, explaining how ligands can functionally replace each other in one context but not another. Context-dependent combinatorial interactions could be explained by a biochemical model based on the competitive formation of alternative signaling complexes with distinct activities. Together, these results provide insights into the roles of BMP combinations in developmental and therapeutic contexts and establish a framework for analyzing other combinatorial, context-dependent signaling systems.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis significantly impacts the normal life of the elderly and is reported to be closely related to dysfunction of osteoblastic differentiation. Runt-related transcription factor-2 (Runx2) is a critical transcriptional factor involved in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Omarigliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DDP-4) inhibitor and this study proposes to probe into its possible therapeutic function against Osteoporosis by investigating its impacts on osteoblastic differentiation. Osteogenic medium was used to induce osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3‑E1 cells, and was verified by the increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, enhanced mineralization, and promoted expression level of osteoblastic differentiation-related factors, including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), ALP, osteocalcin (Ocn), collagen type I alpha 1 (Col1a1), Collagen Type I alpha 2 (Col1a2), Runx2, osterix (Sp7), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2), and fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (Fgfr3), accompanied by the activation of the p38 and Akt pathways. After treatment with Omarigliptin, the ALP activity and mineralization were further promoted, accompanied by the further upregulation of osteoblastic differentiation-related factors, and activation of the p38 and Akt pathways. Lastly, Omarigliptin-induced osteoblastic differentiation, promoted ALP activity, and increased expression levels of Sp7, Fgfr2, Fgfr3, BMP-2, Ocn, ALP, Col1a1, and Col1a2, in the osteogenic medium- cultured MC3T3‑E1 cells were dramatically abolished by the knockdown of Runx2. Taken together, our data reveal that Omarigliptin promoted osteoblastic differentiation by regulating Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fake Liao
- Department of orthopedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan City, Fujian Province, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Zhongcheng, Xinluo District, 364000, China
| | - Xiunian Hu
- Department of orthopedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan City, Fujian Province, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Zhongcheng, Xinluo District, 364000, China
| | - Rijiang Chen
- Department of orthopedics, Longyan First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Longyan City, Fujian Province, No. 105, Jiuyi North Road, Zhongcheng, Xinluo District, 364000, China
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Kim JH, Yang YR, Kwon KS, Kim N. Anti-Müllerian Hormone Negatively Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation by Suppressing the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-κB Ligand Pathway. J Bone Metab 2021; 28:223-230. [PMID: 34520656 PMCID: PMC8441534 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2021.28.3.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily have well-established roles in bone homeostasis. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of TGF-β superfamily of glycoproteins that is responsible for the regression of fetal Müllerian ducts and the transcription inhibition of gonadal steroidogenic enzymes. However, the involvement of AMH in bone remodeling is unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether AMH has an effect on bone cells as other TGF-β superfamily members do. Methods To identify the roles of AMH in bone cells, we administered AMH during osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation, cultured the cells, and then stained the cultured cells with Alizarin red and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, respectively. We analyzed the expression of osteoblast- or osteoclast-related genes using real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Results AMH does not affect bone morphogenetic protein 2-mediated osteoblast differentiation but inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation. The inhibitory effect of AMH on osteoclast differentiation is mediated by IκB-NF-κB signaling. Conclusions AMH negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation without affecting osteoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ha Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Nacksung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.,Hard-Tissue Biointerface Research Center, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Li C, Mills Z, Zheng Z. Novel cell sources for bone regeneration. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:145-174. [PMID: 34766140 PMCID: PMC8491221 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A plethora of both acute and chronic conditions, including traumatic, degenerative, malignant, or congenital disorders, commonly induce bone disorders often associated with severe persisting pain and limited mobility. Over 1 million surgical procedures involving bone excision, bone grafting, and fracture repair are performed each year in the U.S. alone, resulting in immense levels of public health challenges and corresponding financial burdens. Unfortunately, the innate self-healing capacity of bone is often inadequate for larger defects over a critical size. Moreover, as direct transplantation of committed osteoblasts is hindered by deficient cell availability, limited cell spreading, and poor survivability, an urgent need for novel cell sources for bone regeneration is concurrent. Thanks to the development in stem cell biology and cell reprogramming technology, many multipotent and pluripotent cells that manifest promising osteogenic potential are considered the regenerative remedy for bone defects. Considering these cells' investigation is still in its relative infancy, each of them offers their own particular challenges that must be conquered before the large-scale clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenshuang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zane Mills
- College of DentistryUniversity of OklahomaOklahoma CityOklahomaUSA
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of DentistryUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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8
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Tang G, Liu Z, Liu Y, Yu J, Wang X, Tan Z, Ye X. Recent Trends in the Development of Bone Regenerative Biomaterials. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665813. [PMID: 34026758 PMCID: PMC8138062 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of a biomaterial is to support the bone tissue regeneration process at the defect site and eventually degrade in situ and get replaced with the newly generated bone tissue. Biomaterials that enhance bone regeneration have a wealth of potential clinical applications from the treatment of non-union fractures to spinal fusion. The use of bone regenerative biomaterials from bioceramics and polymeric components to support bone cell and tissue growth is a longstanding area of interest. Recently, various forms of bone repair materials such as hydrogel, nanofiber scaffolds, and 3D printing composite scaffolds are emerging. Current challenges include the engineering of biomaterials that can match both the mechanical and biological context of bone tissue matrix and support the vascularization of large tissue constructs. Biomaterials with new levels of biofunctionality that attempt to recreate nanoscale topographical, biofactor, and gene delivery cues from the extracellular environment are emerging as interesting candidate bone regenerative biomaterials. This review has been sculptured around a case-by-case basis of current research that is being undertaken in the field of bone regeneration engineering. We will highlight the current progress in the development of physicochemical properties and applications of bone defect repair materials and their perspectives in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoke Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Hunan, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangming Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihong Tan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medical CSU, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Bouyer M, Garot C, Machillot P, Vollaire J, Fitzpatrick V, Morand S, Boutonnat J, Josserand V, Bettega G, Picart C. 3D-printed scaffold combined to 2D osteoinductive coatings to repair a critical-size mandibular bone defect. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100113. [PMID: 34124641 PMCID: PMC8173095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of large bone defects (12 cm3) remains a challenge for clinicians. We developed a new critical-size mandibular bone defect model on a minipig, close to human clinical issues. We analyzed the bone reconstruction obtained by a 3D-printed scaffold made of clinical-grade polylactic acid (PLA), coated with a polyelectrolyte film delivering an osteogenic bioactive molecule (BMP-2). We compared the results (computed tomography scans, microcomputed tomography scans, histology) to the gold standard solution, bone autograft. We demonstrated that the dose of BMP-2 delivered from the scaffold significantly influenced the amount of regenerated bone and the repair kinetics, with a clear BMP-2 dose-dependence. Bone was homogeneously formed inside the scaffold without ectopic bone formation. The bone repair was as good as for the bone autograft. The BMP-2 doses applied in our study were reduced 20- to 75-fold compared to the commercial collagen sponges used in the current clinical applications, without any adverse effects. Three-dimensional printed PLA scaffolds loaded with reduced doses of BMP-2 may be a safe and simple solution for large bone defects faced in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bouyer
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- Clinique Générale d’Annecy, 4 Chemin de la Tour la Reine, 74000, Annecy, France
| | - C. Garot
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Machillot
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Vollaire
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - V. Fitzpatrick
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
| | - S. Morand
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, 1 Avenue de l'hôpital, 74370, Epagny Metz-Tessy, France
| | - J. Boutonnat
- Unité Médico-technique d’Histologie Cytologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université Joseph Fourier, 38700, La Tronche, France
- Département d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, France
| | - V. Josserand
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Bettega
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- INSERM U1209, Institut Albert Bonniot, F-38000, Grenoble, France
- Service de Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale, Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, 1 Avenue de l'hôpital, 74370, Epagny Metz-Tessy, France
- Corresponding author.
| | - C. Picart
- CEA, CNRS, Université de Grenoble Alpes, ERL5000 BRM, IRIG Institute, 17 Rue des Martyrs, F-38054, Grenoble, France
- CNRS and Grenoble Institute of Engineering, UMR5628, LMGP, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, F-38016, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France
- Corresponding author.
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Abstract
TGF-β family heterodimeric ligands show increased or exclusive signaling compared to homodimeric ligands in both vertebrate and insect development as well as in therapeutically relevant processes, like osteogenesis. However, the mechanisms that differentiate heterodimer and homodimer signaling remain uncharacterized. We show that BMP antagonists do not account for the exclusive signaling of Bmp2/7 heterodimers in zebrafish development. We found that overexpressed homodimers can signal but surprisingly require two distinct type I receptors, like heterodimers, indicating a required activity of the heteromeric type I receptor complex. We further demonstrate that a canonical type I receptor function has been delegated to only one of these receptors, Acvr1. Our findings should inform both basic and translational research in multiple TGF-β family signaling contexts. Heterodimeric TGF-β ligands outperform homodimers in a variety of developmental, cell culture, and therapeutic contexts; however, the mechanisms underlying this increased potency remain uncharacterized. Here, we use dorsal–ventral axial patterning of the zebrafish embryo to interrogate the BMP2/7 heterodimer signaling mechanism. We demonstrate that differential interactions with BMP antagonists do not account for the reduced signaling ability of homodimers. Instead, we find that while overexpressed BMP2 homodimers can signal, they require two nonredundant type I receptors, one from the Acvr1 subfamily and one from the Bmpr1 subfamily. This implies that all BMP signaling within the zebrafish gastrula, even BMP2 homodimer signaling, requires Acvr1. This is particularly surprising as BMP2 homodimers do not bind Acvr1 in vitro. Furthermore, we find that the roles of the two type I receptors are subfunctionalized within the heterodimer signaling complex, with the kinase activity of Acvr1 being essential, while that of Bmpr1 is not. These results suggest that the potency of the Bmp2/7 heterodimer arises from the ability to recruit both Acvr1 and Bmpr1 into the same signaling complex.
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11
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Betz VM, Ren B, Betz OB, Jansson V, Müller PE. Osteoinduction within adipose tissue fragments by heterodimeric bone morphogenetic Proteins-2/6 and -2/7 versus homodimeric bone morphogenetic protein-2: Therapeutic implications for bone regeneration. J Gene Med 2021; 23:e3311. [PMID: 33527563 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fragments of subcutaneous adipose tissue that have been genetically modified to express bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) regenerate large segmental osseous lesions in rodents. Gene-activated adipose tissue can be implanted into osseous defects without prior cell extraction and cell culture. The present study aimed to explore whether the heterodimers BMP-2/6 or BMP-2/7 exceed the osteoinductive effect of BMP-2 on adipose tissue. METHODS In an in vitro tissue culture system, freshly harvested rat subcutaneous adipose tissue was cultivated in the presence of either BMP-2 or BMP-2/6 or BMP-2/7 at a high (200 ng/ml) and low (50 ng/ml) concentration. Gene expression analysis as well as histological and immunohistochemical methods were applied to test for osteoinduction. RESULTS A concentration of 200 ng/ml of homodimeric BMP-2 induced osteogenic differentiation most potently, showing more calcification and a higher expression level of bone markers than both concentrations of BMP-2/6 or -2/7. A concentration of 50 ng/ml of BMP-2 was a significantly stronger osteogenic inducer than both concentrations of BMP-2/6 and the low concentration of BMP-2/7. The most potent heterodimeric driver of osteoinduction was BMP-2/7 at a high concentration, demonstrating effects similar to those of BMP-2 at a low concentration. CONCLUSIONS Homodimeric BMP-2 evoked osteoinduction within adipose tissue more potently and at a lower concentration than heterodimeric BMP-2/6 or BMP-2/7. This result agrees well with the fact that it might be easier to translate adipose grafts activated by homodimeric BMP-2 clinically. Preclinical in vivo gene transfer studies are necessary to confirm the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker M Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Oliver B Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Peter E Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital Munich, Campus Grosshadern, LMU, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
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12
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the growth factors active in bone regeneration and healing. Both normal and impaired bone healing are discussed, with a focus on the spatiotemporal activity of the various growth factors known to be involved in the healing response. The review highlights the activities of most important growth factors impacting bone regeneration, with a particular emphasis on those being pursued for clinical translation or which have already been marketed as components of bone regenerative materials. Current approaches the use of bone grafts in clinical settings of bone repair (including bone grafts) are summarized, and carrier systems (scaffolds) for bone tissue engineering via localized growth factor delivery are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a consideration of how bone repair might be improved in the future.
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13
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Wu C, Shao X, Lin X, Gao W, Fang Y, Wang J. Surface modification of titanium with collagen/hyaluronic acid and bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 heterodimer promotes osteoblastic differentiation. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:1072-1079. [PMID: 33028783 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a collagen/hyaluronic acid coating without or with incorporated heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein 2/7 (BMP2/7) on in-vitro osteoblastic differentiation on titanium discs. The multilayer collagen/hyaluronic acid coatings without or without incorporated BMP2/7 were deposited on titanium discs via a layer-by-layer technique. The effects of the coatings were evaluated by assessing the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (an early osteoblastic differentiation marker) and the osteocalcin expression (a late osteoblastic differentiation marker). The expression levels of the osteoblastic genes, such as alkaline phosphatase 2 (AKP2) and osteocalcin (OC) were detected using real-time RT-PCR. ALP activity and OC expression were significantly increased when cells were cultured with collagen/hyaluronic acid+BMP2/7 heterodimer (p<0.05). The same result was found in cells with the expression of a BMP2/7 fusion gene, OC and AKP2. These results indicated that collagen/hyaluronic acid+BMP2/7 heterodimer-coated discs might have the potential to greatly enhance osseointegration than a either BMP2 or BMP7 solution or a mixture of BMP2 and BMP7 BMP2/7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhong Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Xia Shao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Xianglin Lin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Weijin Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Yiming Fang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
| | - Jingxiao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
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14
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Bone Morphogenetic Proteins for Nucleus Pulposus Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082720. [PMID: 32295299 PMCID: PMC7215319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix production by nucleus pulposus (NP) cells, the cells residing in the center of the intervertebral disc, can be stimulated by growth factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) hold great promise. Although BMP2 and BMP7 have been used most frequently, other BMPs have also shown potential for NP regeneration. Heterodimers may be more potent than single homodimers, but it is not known whether combinations of homodimers would perform equally well. In this study, we compared BMP2, BMP4, BMP6, and BMP7, their combinations and heterodimers, for regeneration by human NP cells. The BMPs investigated induced variable matrix deposition by NP cells. BMP4 was the most potent, both in the final neotissue glysosaminoglycan content and incorporation efficiency. Heterodimers BMP2/6H and BMP2/7H were more potent than their respective homodimer combinations, but not the BMP4/7H heterodimer. The current results indicate that BMP4 might have a high potential for regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Moreover, the added value of BMP heterodimers over their respective homodimer BMP combinations depends on the BMP combination applied.
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15
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Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) together with the Growth and Differentiation Factors (GDFs) form the largest subgroup of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)β family and represent secreted growth factors, which play an essential role in many aspects of cell communication in higher organisms. As morphogens they exert crucial functions during embryonal development, but are also involved in tissue homeostasis and regeneration in the adult organism. Their involvement in maintenance and repair processes of various tissues and organs made these growth factors highly interesting targets for novel pharmaceutical applications in regenerative medicine. A hallmark of the TGFβ protein family is that all of the more than 30 growth factors identified to date signal by binding and hetero-oligomerization of a very limited set of transmembrane serine-threonine kinase receptors, which can be classified into two subgroups termed type I and type II. Only seven type I and five type II receptors exist for all 30plus TGFβ members suggesting a pronounced ligand-receptor promiscuity. Indeed, many TGFβ ligands can bind the same type I or type II receptor and a particular receptor of either subtype can usually interact with and bind various TGFβ ligands. The possible consequence of this ligand-receptor promiscuity is further aggravated by the finding that canonical TGFβ signaling of all family members seemingly results in the activation of just two distinct signaling pathways, that is either SMAD2/3 or SMAD1/5/8 activation. While this would implicate that different ligands can assemble seemingly identical receptor complexes that activate just either one of two distinct pathways, in vitro and in vivo analyses show that the different TGFβ members exert quite distinct biological functions with high specificity. This discrepancy indicates that our current view of TGFβ signaling initiation just by hetero-oligomerization of two receptor subtypes and transduction via two main pathways in an on-off switch manner is too simplified. Hence, the signals generated by the various TGFβ members are either quantitatively interpreted using the subtle differences in their receptor-binding properties leading to ligand-specific modulation of the downstream signaling cascade or additional components participating in the signaling activation complex allow diversification of the encoded signal in a ligand-dependent manner at all cellular levels. In this review we focus on signal specification of TGFβ members, particularly of BMPs and GDFs addressing the role of binding affinities, specificities, and kinetics of individual ligand-receptor interactions for the assembly of specific receptor complexes with potentially distinct signaling properties.
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Bracey DN, Jinnah AH, Willey JS, Seyler TM, Hutchinson ID, Whitlock PW, Smith TL, Danelson KA, Emory CL, Kerr BA. Investigating the Osteoinductive Potential of a Decellularized Xenograft Bone Substitute. Cells Tissues Organs 2019; 207:97-113. [PMID: 31655811 PMCID: PMC6935535 DOI: 10.1159/000503280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone grafting is the second most common tissue transplantation procedure worldwide. One of the alternative methods for bone repair under investigation is a tissue-engineered bone substitute. An ideal property of tissue-engineered bone substitutes is osteoinductivity, defined as the ability to stimulate primitive cells to differentiate into a bone-forming lineage. In the current study, we use a decellularization and oxidation protocol to produce a porcine bone scaffold and examine whether it possesses osteoinductive potential and can be used to create a tissue-engineered bone microenvironment. The decellularization protocol was patented by our lab and consists of chemical decellularization and oxidation steps using combinations of deionized water, trypsin, antimicrobials, peracetic acid, and triton-X100. To test if the bone scaffold was a viable host, preosteoblasts were seeded and analyzed for markers of osteogenic differentiation. The osteoinductive potential was observed in vitro with similar osteogenic markers being expressed in preosteoblasts seeded on the scaffolds and demineralized bone matrix. To assess these properties in vivo, scaffolds with and without preosteoblasts preseeded were subcutaneously implanted in mice for 4 weeks. MicroCT scanning revealed 1.6-fold increased bone volume to total volume ratio and 1.4-fold increase in trabecular thickness in scaffolds after implantation. The histological analysis demonstrates new bone formation and blood vessel formation with pentachrome staining demonstrating osteogenesis and angiogenesis, respectively, within the scaffold. Furthermore, CD31+ staining confirmed the endothelial lining of the blood vessels. These results demonstrate that porcine bone maintains its osteoinductive properties after the application of a patented decellularization and oxidation protocol developed in our laboratory. Future work must be performed to definitively prove osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells, biocompatibility in large animal models, and osteoinduction/osseointegration in a relevant clinical model in vivo. The ability to create a functional bone microenvironment using decellularized xenografts will impact regenerative medicine, orthopedic reconstruction, and could be used in the research of multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N. Bracey
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Alexander H. Jinnah
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Willey
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Radiation Oncology, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Thomas L. Smith
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kerry A. Danelson
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Cynthia L. Emory
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bethany A. Kerr
- Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Orthopaedic Surgery, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest University School for Bioengineering and Sciences, Winston Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Cancer Biology, Winston Salem, NC, USA
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17
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Kämmerer PW, Pabst AM, Dau M, Staedt H, Al-Nawas B, Heller M. Immobilization of BMP-2, BMP-7 and alendronic acid on titanium surfaces: Adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 108:212-220. [PMID: 31587476 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the influence of titanium (TiO2 ) surface modifications with two osteogenic proteins (BMP-2, BMP-7) and an anti-osteoclastic drug (alendronic acid [AA]) on sandblasted/acid-etched (SLA) and plain TiO2 (PT) on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation (alkaline phosphatase [AP] and osteocalcin [OC]) of bone-marrow derived stem cells (BMSCs) after 1, 3 and 7 days in-vitro. Initially, AA surfaces showed the highest cell number and surface coverage. At day 3 and 7, BMP and AA-modified surfaces exhibited a significantly enhanced cell growth. For proliferation, at days 3 and 7, an enhancement on BMP-2, BMP-7 and AA-surfaces was seen. At day 7, SLA also showed a higher proliferation when compared to PT. Initially, AP expression was elevated on SLA and AA surfaces. At days 3 and 7, a significant increased AP expression was seen for SLA, BMP-2, BMP-7 and AA discs. For OC, SLA and AA surfaces had the highest expression after 1 day whereas after 3 and 7 days a significant difference was recorded for SLA, BMP-2, BMP-7 and AA. In conclusion, a beneficial biological effect of a chemical immobilization method of BMP-2, BMP-7 and alendronate onto titanium surfaces on BMSCs was proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peer W Kämmerer
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas M Pabst
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Federal Armed Forces Hospital, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Michael Dau
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Henning Staedt
- Private Practice and Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Science, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bilal Al-Nawas
- Department of Oral- and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Heller
- Department of Gynecology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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18
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Huang Z, Wang Z, Li C, Zhou N, Liu F, Lan J. The osteoinduction of RGD and Mg ion functionalized bioactive zirconia coating. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:95. [PMID: 31414276 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6298-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the adhesion, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts on arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)- and magnesium ion (Mg+)-decorated zirconia coatings. The zirconia coatings were prepared via a plasma spray; RGD and Mg+ were immobilized via a silane-coupling agent and ion implantation, respectively. This study employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the surface morphology of RGD- and Mg+-decorated zirconia coatings; surface roughness and wettability were also measured. The initial adhesion of osteoblasts was measured, and cell morphology and focal adhesion were observed. In addition, the expressions of the integrins a1, a2, a5, av, and ß1 were measured using RT-PCR. A cell count was conducted to measure proliferation. The expressions of ALP and OCN were detected based on a western blot analysis, and mineralized nodules were observed to visualize the mineralization of osteoblasts. A nanoscale surface structure could be found on the Mg+-decorated zirconia coating, and the RGD-decorated zirconia coating showed better wettability (p < 0.05). Cells on the RGD- and Mg+-decorated zirconia coating possessed better spreading properties than did cells on nondecorated surfaces, and more focal adhesion was observed. The higher expressions of the integrins a5, av and ß1 were found on the RGD-decorated zirconia coating (p < 0.05). The western blot results demonstrated that the introduction of Mg+ heightened the expressions of ALP and OCN. More and bigger mineralized nodules were observed on the Mg+- and RGD-decorated zirconia coating, which consisted of small mineralized nodules. RGD- and Mg+-functionalized zirconia coating facilitates the osteogenic reaction of osteoblasts. RGD improves the adhesion of osteoblasts, and Mg+ benefits the mineralization of osteoblasts. In addition, a synergistic effect was found between RGD and Mg+, allowing better performances with regard to adhesion, proliferation and mineralization when the two were used together rather than as separate decorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfei Huang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhifeng Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanhua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Lan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, 44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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19
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Zhang B, Skelly JD, Maalouf JR, Ayers DC, Song J. Multifunctional scaffolds for facile implantation, spontaneous fixation, and accelerated long bone regeneration in rodents. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:11/502/eaau7411. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Graft-guided regenerative repair of critical long bone defects achieving facile surgical delivery, stable graft fixation, and timely restoration of biomechanical integrity without excessive biotherapeutics remains challenging. Here, we engineered hydration-induced swelling/stiffening and thermal-responsive shape-memory properties into scalable, three-dimensional–printed amphiphilic degradable polymer-osteoconductive mineral composites as macroporous, non–load-bearing, resorbable synthetic grafts. The distinct physical properties of the grafts enabled straightforward surgical insertion into critical-size rat femoral segmental defects. Grafts rapidly recovered their precompressed shape, stiffening and swelling upon warm saline rinse to result in 100% stable graft fixation. The osteoconductive macroporous grafts guided bone formation throughout the defect as early as 4 weeks after implantation; new bone remodeling correlated with rates of scaffold composition-dependent degradation. A single dose of 400-ng recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2/7 heterodimer delivered via the graft accelerated bone regeneration bridging throughout the entire defect by 4 weeks after delivery. Full restoration of torsional integrity and complete scaffold resorption were achieved by 12 to 16 weeks after surgery. This biomaterial platform enables personalized bone regeneration with improved surgical handling, in vivo efficacy and safety.
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20
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Perron JC, Rodrigues AA, Surubholta N, Dodd J. Chemotropic signaling by BMP7 requires selective interaction at a key residue in ActRIIA. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.042283. [PMID: 31208997 PMCID: PMC6679395 DOI: 10.1242/bio.042283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP7 evokes acute chemotropic PI3K-dependent responses, such as growth cone collapse and monocyte chemotaxis, as well as classical Smad-dependent gene transcription. That these divergent responses can be activated in the same cell raises the question of how the BMP-dependent signaling apparatus is manipulated to produce chemotropic and transcriptional signals. RNA interference and site-directed mutagenesis were used to explore functional and structural BMP receptor requirements for BMP7-evoked chemotropic activity. We show that specific type II BMP receptor subunits, ActRIIA and BMPR2, are required for BMP7-induced growth cone collapse in developing spinal neurons and for chemotaxis of monocytes. Reintroduction of wild-type ActRIIA into monocytic cells lacking endogenous ActRIIA restores BMP7-evoked chemotaxis, whereas expression of an ActRIIA K76A receptor variant fails to rescue. BMP7-evoked Smad-dependent signaling is unaffected by either ActRIIA knockdown or expression of the ActRIIA K76A variant. In contrast, BMP7-evoked PI3K-dependent signaling is significantly disturbed in the presence of ActRIIA K76A. These results support a model for selective engagement of chemotropic BMPs with type II BMP receptors, through specific residues, that results in strict regulation of PI3K-dependent signal transduction. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: Chemotropic BMPs, typified by BMP7, mediate selective receptor recruitment and transduction of PI3K-dependent intracellular signals through interaction with a key residue in the ActRIIA type II BMP receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette C Perron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Alcina A Rodrigues
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nirupama Surubholta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jane Dodd
- Departments of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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21
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Donos N, Dereka X, Calciolari E. The use of bioactive factors to enhance bone regeneration: A narrative review. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46 Suppl 21:124-161. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Xanthippi Dereka
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Elena Calciolari
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research (COCR); Institute of Dentistry, Barts & The London School of Medicine & Dentistry; Queen Mary University of London (QMUL); London UK
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22
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Miao C, Qin D, Cao P, Lu P, Xia Y, Li M, Sun M, Zhang W, Yang F, Zhang Y, Tang S, Liu T, Liu F. BMP2/7 heterodimer enhances osteogenic differentiation of rat BMSCs via ERK signaling compared with respective homodimers. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:8754-8763. [PMID: 30485526 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2/7 heterodimer shows greater efficacy in enhancing bone regeneration. However, the precise mechanism and the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling network in BMP2/7-driven osteogenesis remain ambiguous. In this study, we evaluated the effects of BMP2/7 heterodimers on osteoblastic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), with the aim to elaborate how MAPKs might be involved in this cellular process by treatment of rat BMSCs with BMP2/-7 with a special signal-pathway inhibitor. We found that BMP2/7 heterodimer induced a much stronger osteogenic response in rat BMSCs compared with either homodimer. Most interestingly, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) demonstrated a highly sustained phosphorylation and activation in the BMP2/7 heterodimer treatment groups, and inhibition of ERK cascades using U0126 special inhibitor that significantly reduced the activity of ALP and calcium mineralization to a substantial degree in rat BMSCs treated with BMP2/7 heterodimers. Collectively, we demonstrate that BMP2/7 heterodimer shows a potent ability to stimulate osteogenesis in rat BMSCs. The activated ERK signaling pathway involved in this process may contribute partially to an increased osteogenic potency of heterodimeric BMP2/7 growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Miao
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Dengke Qin
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, HuaDong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peigang Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Weifang People's hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, Shandong, China
| | - Yutong Xia
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, HuaDong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Academic Support, Shanghai Pinghe School, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fanghong Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Weifang People's hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Division of Research & Development, Eugenom Inc, San Diego, CA
| | - Shengjian Tang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, HuaDong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangjun Liu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Institute of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Plastic Surgery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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23
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Liu L, Wang D, Qin Y, Xu M, Zhou L, Xu W, Liu X, Ye L, Yue S, Zheng Q, Li D. Astragalin Promotes Osteoblastic Differentiation in MC3T3-E1 Cells and Bone Formation in vivo. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:228. [PMID: 31040823 PMCID: PMC6476984 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalin (AG) is a biologically active flavonoid compound that can be extracted from a number of medicinal plants. However, the effects of AG on osteoblastic differentiation in mouse MC3T3-E1 cells and on bone formation in vivo have not been studied fully. In this study, we found that the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralized nodules in MC3T3-E1 cells were both significantly increased after treatment with AG (5, 10, and 20 μM). Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein levels of osteoblastic marker genes in MC3T3-E1 cells after AG treatment were markedly increased compared with a control group. In addition, the levels of BMP-2, p-Smad1/5/9, and Runx2 were significantly elevated in AG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells. Moreover, we found that the protein levels of Erk1/2, p-Erk1/2, p38, p-p38, and p-JNK were also significantly increased in AG-treated MC3T3-E1 cells compared to those in the control group. Finally, in vivo experiments demonstrated that AG significantly promoted bone formation in an ovariectomized (OVX)-induced osteoporotic mouse model. This was evidenced by significant increases in the values of osteoblast-related parameters (BFR/BS, MAR, Ob.S/BS, and Ob.N/B.Pm) and bone histomorphometric parameters (BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, and Tb.N.) in OVX mice after AG treatment (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg). Collectively, these results demonstrated that AG may promote osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells via the activation of the BMP and MAPK pathways and promote bone formation in vivo. These novel findings indicated that AG may be a useful bone anabolic agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yao Qin
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Maolei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaona Liu
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shijun Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Qiusheng Zheng
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Defang Li
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Defang Li
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White KA, Olabisi RM. Spatiotemporal Control Strategies for Bone Formation through Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Approaches. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801044. [PMID: 30556328 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Global increases in life expectancy drive increasing demands for bone regeneration. The gold standard for surgical bone repair is autografting, which enjoys excellent clinical outcomes; however, it possesses significant drawbacks including donor site morbidity and limited availability. Although collagen sponges delivered with bone morphogenetic protein, type 2 (BMP2) are a common alternative or supplement, they do not efficiently retain BMP2, necessitating extremely high doses to elicit bone formation. Hence, reports of BMP2 complications are rising, including cancer promotion and ectopic bone formation, the latter inducing complications such as breathing difficulties and neurologic impairments. Thus, efforts to exert spatial control over bone formation are increasing. Several tissue engineering approaches have demonstrated the potential for targeted and controlled bone formation. These approaches include biomaterial scaffolds derived from synthetic sources, e.g., calcium phosphates or polymers; natural sources, e.g., bone or seashell; and immobilized biofactors, e.g., BMP2. Although BMP2 is the only protein clinically approved for use in a surgical device, there are several proteins, small molecules, and growth factors that show promise in tissue engineering applications. This review profiles the tissue engineering advances in achieving control over the location and onset of bone formation (spatiotemporal control) toward avoiding the complications associated with BMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher A. White
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering; Rutgers University; 98 Brett Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
| | - Ronke M. Olabisi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers University; 599 Taylor Road Piscataway NJ 08854 USA
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Betz VM, Ren B, Messmer C, Jansson V, Betz OB, Müller PE. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 is a stronger inducer of osteogenesis within muscle tissue than heterodimeric bone morphogenetic protein-2/6 and -2/7: Implications for expedited gene-enhanced bone repair. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3042. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Volker M. Betz
- Department of Gene Therapy; University of Ulm; Ulm Germany
- Center for Rehabilitation; RKU - University and Rehabilitation Hospitals Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Carolin Messmer
- Center for Rehabilitation; RKU - University and Rehabilitation Hospitals Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Volkmar Jansson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
| | - Oliver B. Betz
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Peter E. Müller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Munich Germany
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Kim MJ, Park SY, Chang HR, Jung EY, Munkhjargal A, Lim JS, Lee MS, Kim Y. Clinical significance linked to functional defects in bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor, BMPR2. BMB Rep 2018; 50:308-317. [PMID: 28391780 PMCID: PMC5498141 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2017.50.6.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) is one of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily receptors, performing diverse roles during embryonic development, vasculogenesis, and osteogenesis. Human BMPR2 consists of 1,038 amino acids, and contains functionally conserved extracellular, transmembrane, kinase, and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) engage the tetrameric complex, composed of BMPR2 and its corresponding type 1 receptors, which initiates SMAD proteins-mediated signal transduction leading to the expression of target genes implicated in the development or differentiation of the embryo, organs and bones. In particular, genetic alterations of BMPR2 gene are associated with several clinical disorders, including representative pulmonary arterial hypertension, cancers, and metabolic diseases, thus demonstrating the physiological importance of BMPR2. In this mini review, we summarize recent findings regarding the molecular basis of BMPR2 functions in BMP signaling, and the versatile roles of BMPR2. In addition, various aspects of experimentally validated pathogenic mutations of BMPR2 and the linked human diseases will also be discussed, which are important in clinical settings for diagnostics and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Seon Young Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Hae Ryung Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Eun Young Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Anudari Munkhjargal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Myeong-Sok Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea
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Maxillary Bone Regeneration Based on Nanoreservoirs Functionalized ε-Polycaprolactone Biomembranes in a Mouse Model of Jaw Bone Lesion. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:7380389. [PMID: 29682553 PMCID: PMC5846386 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7380389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches of regenerative therapies constitute strategies for bone tissue reparation and engineering, especially in the context of genetical diseases with skeletal defects. Bone regeneration using electrospun nanofibers' implant has the following objectives: bone neoformation induction with rapid healing, reduced postoperative complications, and improvement of bone tissue quality. In vivo implantation of polycaprolactone (PCL) biomembrane functionalized with BMP-2/Ibuprofen in mouse maxillary defects was followed by bone neoformation kinetics evaluation using microcomputed tomography. Wild-Type (WT) and Tabby (Ta) mice were used to compare effects on a normal phenotype and on a mutant model of ectodermal dysplasia (ED). After 21 days, no effect on bone neoformation was observed in Ta treated lesion (4% neoformation compared to 13% in the control lesion). Between the 21st and the 30th days, the use of biomembrane functionalized with BMP-2/Ibuprofen in maxillary bone lesions allowed a significant increase in bone neoformation peaks (resp., +8% in mutant Ta and +13% in WT). Histological analyses revealed a neoformed bone with regular trabecular structure, areas of mineralized bone inside the membrane, and an improved neovascularization in the treated lesion with bifunctionalized membrane. In conclusion, PCL functionalized biomembrane promoted bone neoformation, this effect being modulated by the Ta bone phenotype responsible for an alteration of bone response.
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Gaoli X, Yi L, Lili W, Qiutao S, Guang H, Zhiyuan G. [Effect of naringin combined with bone morphogenetic protein-2 on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:275-280. [PMID: 28675012 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the biological effects of naringin (NAR) joint bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 on the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and expression of osteoblastogenic genes, such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), collagen Ⅰ (ColⅠ), ALP, and osteocalcin (OCN) of pre-osteoblasts. METHODS Three different NAR concentrations (10, 100, and 1 000 μmol·L⁻¹) were applied, alone or combined with BMP-2(50 ng·mL⁻¹), to restore the osteoblastogenesis of pre-osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1 cell line). Cell numbers (proliferation) were evaluated at first, fourth, and seventh days by Alamar blue assay. ALP activity and the expression of osteoblastogenic genes, such as Runx2, ColⅠ, ALP, and OCN were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at fourth and seventh day. RESULTS Stimulation by NAR alone and in combination with BMP-2 for 1 day and 4 days could promote cell proliferation, which peaked at a concentration of 100 μmol·L⁻¹ NAR combined with BMP-2 could promote cell proliferation significantly (P<0.05). Stimulation by NAR alone and in combination with BMP-2 for 4 and 7 days could promote ALP activity and bone-related gene(ALP, OCN, Runx2, ColⅠ) expression. ALP expression was significantly promoted after stimulation of 100 μmol·L⁻¹ NAR and BMP-2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS NAR exhibits promising potential for improving MC3T3-E1 proliferation and differentiation, and appropriate concentrations of NAR and BMP-2 show synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Gaoli
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;Dept. of Stomatology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Liu Yi
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China;Dept. of Dental Implant and Prosthetics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1011-1109, Holland
| | - Wu Lili
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shi Qiutao
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Huo Guang
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Gu Zhiyuan
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Haimov H, Yosupov N, Pinchasov G, Juodzbalys G. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Coating on Titanium Implant Surface: a Systematic Review. EJOURNAL OF ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL RESEARCH 2017; 8:e1. [PMID: 28791077 PMCID: PMC5541986 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2017.8201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The purpose of the study is to systematically review the osseointegration process improvement by bone morphogenetic protein coating on titanium implant surface. Material and Methods An electronic literature search was conducted through the MEDLINE (PubMed) and EMBASE databases. The search was restricted for articles published during the last 10 years from October 2006 to September 2016 and articles were limited to English language. Results A total of 41 articles were reviewed, and 8 of the most relevant articles that are suitable to the criteria were selected. Articles were analysed regarding concentration of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), delivery systems, adverse reactions and the influence of the BMP on the bone and peri-implant surface in vivo. Finally, the present data included 340 implants and 236 models. Conclusions It’s clearly shown from most of the examined studies that bone morphogenetic protein increases bone regeneration. Further studies should be done in order to induce and sustain bone formation activity. Osteogenic agent should be gradually liberated and not rapidly released with priority to three-dimension reservoir (incorporated) titanium implant surface in order to avoid following severe side effects: inflammation, bleeding, haematoma, oedema, erythema, and graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haim Haimov
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, KaunasLithuania
| | - Natali Yosupov
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, KaunasLithuania
| | - Ginnady Pinchasov
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, KaunasLithuania
| | - Gintaras Juodzbalys
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, KaunasLithuania
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BALCI YUCE H. Periodontoloji Alaninda Hayvan Çalışmaları: Deneysel Periodontal ve Periimplant Hastalığın İndüksiyonu. CUMHURIYET DENTAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.7126/cumudj.307312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Li Z, Lang G, Karfeld-Sulzer LS, Mader KT, Richards RG, Weber FE, Sammon C, Sacks H, Yayon A, Alini M, Grad S. Heterodimeric BMP-2/7 for nucleus pulposus regeneration-In vitro and ex vivo studies. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:51-60. [PMID: 27340938 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the leading trigger of low back pain, which causes disability and leads to enormous healthcare toll worldwide. Biological treatment with growth factors has evolved as potential therapy for IVD regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and BMP-7 have shown promise in this regard. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of BMP-2/7 heterodimer for disc regeneration both in vitro and in organ culture. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells isolated from bovine caudal disc were cultured in a fibrin-hyaluronan (FBG-HA) hydrogel for up to 14 days. BMP-2/7 heterodimer covalently incorporated within the hydrogel up-regulated the aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of NP cells. The activity of the BMP-2/7 heterodimer was dose dependent. The higher dose of BMP-2/7 was further assessed in an IVD whole organ system. After 14 days of culture with cyclic dynamic load, the BMP-2/7 heterodimer delivered into the nucleotomized region showed potential to stimulate the gene expression and synthesis of proteoglycan in the remaining NP tissue after partial nucleotomy. The gene expression level of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase in the native disc tissue were not affected by BMP-2/7 treatment, indicating no adverse fibroblastic or osteogenic effect on the disc tissue. Intradiscal delivery of BMP-2/7 heterodimer may be a promising therapeutic approach for NP regeneration. The current IVD whole organ partial nucleotomy model may be utilized for screening of other biomaterials or drugs to treat early degenerative disc disorders. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:51-60, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Lang
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Lindsay S Karfeld-Sulzer
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - R Geoff Richards
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Franz E Weber
- Oral Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Center for Dental Medicine, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chris Sammon
- Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos 7270, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Grad
- AO Research Institute Davos, Clavadelerstrasse 8, Davos 7270, Switzerland
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Mulloy B, Rider CC. The Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Antagonists. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015; 99:63-90. [PMID: 26279373 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and the growth and differentiation factors comprise a single family of some 20 homologous, dimeric cytokines which share the cystine-knot domain typical of the TGF-β superfamily. They control the differentiation and activity of a range of cell types, including many outside bone and cartilage. They serve as developmental morphogens, but are also important in chronic pathologies, including tissue fibrosis and cancer. One mechanism for enabling tight spatiotemporal control of their activities is through a number of antagonist proteins, including Noggin, Follistatin, Chordin, Twisted gastrulation (TSG), and the seven members of the Cerberus and Dan family. These antagonists are secreted proteins that bind selectively to particular BMPs with high affinity, thereby blocking receptor engagement and signaling. Most of these antagonists also possess a TGF-β cystine-knot domain. Here, we discuss current knowledge and understanding of the structures and activities of the BMPs and their antagonists, with a particular focus on the latter proteins. Recent advances in structural biology of BMP antagonists have begun the process of elucidating the molecular basis of their activity, displaying a surprising variety between the modes of action of these closely related proteins. We also discuss the interactions of the antagonists with the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate, which is found ubiquitously on cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mulloy
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Chris C Rider
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Morimoto T, Kaito T, Matsuo Y, Sugiura T, Kashii M, Makino T, Iwasaki M, Yoshikawa H. The bone morphogenetic protein-2/7 heterodimer is a stronger inducer of bone regeneration than the individual homodimers in a rat spinal fusion model. Spine J 2015; 15:1379-90. [PMID: 25733023 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of dimeric growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor super family and are capable of eliciting new bone formation. Previous studies have suggested that the coexpression of two different BMP genes in a cell can result in the production of BMP heterodimers that are more potent than homodimers. However, because of the difficulty in optimizing the level of BMP gene expression, the coexpression of two different BMP genes also produces BMP homodimers as a by-product. These homodimers could, in theory, interact with the heterodimers. PURPOSE To elucidate the effects of a BMP-2/7 heterodimer, which were investigated in depth using purified BMP-2/7 heterodimers, BMP-2 homodimers, and BMP-7 homodimers in a rat spinal fusion model. METHODS Bilateral posterolateral fusion at L4-L5 was performed in four different groups: control group animals were implanted with collagen carriers alone; BMP-7 group animals with collagen carriers+1 μg of BMP-7 homodimer; BMP-2 group animals with collagen carriers+1 μg of BMP-2 homodimer; and BMP-2/7 group animals with collagen carriers+1 μg of the BMP-2/7 heterodimer. The following assessments were performed: bone microstructural analysis of the fusion mass and tissue volume (TV) with microcomputed tomography (micro-CT); fusion assessment with manual palpation testing and three-dimensional CT images; and bone histomorphometrical analysis of the fusion mass. RESULTS The fusion scores, as determined by radiography, and the TV of the newly formed bone, as determined by micro-CT, were significantly higher in the BMP-2/7 heterodimer group than the other groups (p<.0001). The microstructural indices of the newly formed bone did not differ between the groups. Moreover, histologic analysis of the fused spines revealed that the formation of the trabecular bone bridging the transverse process was the highest in this group. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that BMP-2/7 heterodimer is a stronger inducer of bone regeneration than BMP-2 or -7 homodimers. The use of a purified BMP-2/7 heterodimer may represent an efficient alternative to the current clinical use of BMP-2 or -7 homodimers. Further studies as to the side effects of BMP-2/7 heterodimer are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tokimitsu Morimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yohei Matsuo
- Department of Orthopedic Biomaterial Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaok, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugiura
- Department of Orthopedic Biomaterial Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaok, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kashii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Makino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Tan J, Yang N, Fu X, Cui Y, Guo Q, Ma T, Yin X, Leng H, Song C. Single-dose local simvastatin injection improves implant fixation via increased angiogenesis and bone formation in an ovariectomized rat model. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:1428-39. [PMID: 25982481 PMCID: PMC4448596 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Statins have been reported to promote bone formation. However, taken orally, their bioavailability is low to the bones. Implant therapies require a local repair response, topical application of osteoinductive agents, or biomaterials that promote implant fixation. Material/Methods The present study evaluated the effect of a single local injection of simvastatin on screw fixation in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis. Results Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, micro-computed tomography, histology, and biomechanical tests revealed that 5 and 10 mg simvastatin significantly improved bone mineral density by 18.2% and 22.4%, respectively (P<0.05); increased bone volume fraction by 51.0% and 57.9%, trabecular thickness by 16.4% and 18.9%, trabeculae number by 112.0% and 107.1%, and percentage of osseointegration by 115.7% and 126.3%; and decreased trabeculae separation by 34.1% and 36.6%, respectively (all P<0.01). Bone mineral apposition rate was significantly increased (P<0.01). Furthermore, implant fixation was significantly increased (P<0.05), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) expression was markedly increased. Local injection of a single dose of simvastatin also promoted angiogenesis. Vessel number, volume, thickness, surface area, and vascular volume per tissue volume were significantly increased (all P<0.01). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor-2, von Willebrand factor, and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 expression were enhanced. Conclusions A single local injection of simvastatin significantly increased bone formation, promoted osseointegration, and enhanced implant fixation in ovariectomized rats. The underlying mechanism appears to involve enhanced BMP2 expression and angiogenesis in the target bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tan
- Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yueyi Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaoxue Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopaedic, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Fibrin Hydrogel Based Bone Substitute Tethered with BMP-2 and BMP-2/7 Heterodimers. MATERIALS 2015; 8:977-991. [PMID: 28787983 PMCID: PMC5455435 DOI: 10.3390/ma8030977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current clinically used delivery methods for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are collagen based and require large concentrations that can lead to dangerous side effects. Fibrin hydrogels can serve as osteoinductive bone substitute materials in non-load bearing bone defects in combination with BMPs. Two strategies to even further optimize such a fibrin based system include employing more potent BMP heterodimers and engineering growth factors that can be covalently tethered to and slowly released from a fibrin matrix. Here we present an engineered BMP-2/BMP-7 heterodimer where an N-terminal transglutaminase substrate domain in the BMP-2 portion provides covalent attachment to fibrin together with a central plasmin substrate domain, a cleavage site for local release of the attached BMP-2/BMP-7 heterodimer under the influence of cell-activated plasmin. In vitro and in vivo results revealed that the engineered BMP-2/BMP-7 heterodimer induces significantly more alkaline phosphatase activity in pluripotent cells and bone formation in a rat calvarial model than the engineered BMP-2 homodimer. Therefore, the engineered BMP-2/BMP-7 heterodimer could be used to reduce the amount of BMP needed for clinical effect.
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Tsukinowa T, Onodera S, Yoshizawa Y, Saito A, Muramatsu T, Furusawa M, Azuma T. Synergistic and Mutual Antagonistic Regulations of Wnt Inhibitors Play an Important Role in Osteoblast Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Cells. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.24.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tsukinowa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | | | - Yuusei Yoshizawa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Akiko Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
| | - Masahiro Furusawa
- Department of Endodontics and Clinical Cariology, Tokyo Dental College
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Schminke B, Vom Orde F, Gruber R, Schliephake H, Bürgers R, Miosge N. The pathology of bone tissue during peri-implantitis. J Dent Res 2014; 94:354-61. [PMID: 25406169 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514559128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are one of the most frequently used treatment options for tooth replacement. Approximately 30% of patients with dental implants develop peri-implantitis, which is an oral inflammatory disease that leads to loss of the supporting tissues, predominately the bone. For the development of future therapeutic strategies, it is essential to understand the molecular pathophysiology of human dental peri-implant infections. Here, we describe the gene and protein expression patterns of peri-implantitis bone tissue compared with healthy peri-implant bone tissue. Furthermore, cells from the osteoblastic lineage derived from peri-implantitis samples were immortalized and characterized. We applied microarray, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and Western blot analyses. The levels of typical bone matrix molecules, including SPP1, BGLAP, and COL9A1, in patients with peri-implantitis were reduced, while the inflammation marker interleukin 8 (IL8) was highly expressed. RUNX2, one of the transcription factors of mature osteoblasts, was also decreased in peri-implantitis. Finally, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase immortalized cell line from peri-implantitis exhibited a more fibro-osteoblastic character than did the healthy control.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schminke
- Tissue Regeneration and Oral Biology Work Group, Department of Prosthodontics, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - F Vom Orde
- Tissue Regeneration and Oral Biology Work Group, Department of Prosthodontics, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - R Gruber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - H Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - R Bürgers
- Tissue Regeneration and Oral Biology Work Group, Department of Prosthodontics, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - N Miosge
- Tissue Regeneration and Oral Biology Work Group, Department of Prosthodontics, Georg August University, Goettingen, Germany
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38
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Kim JD, Lee HW, Jin SW. Diversity is in my veins: role of bone morphogenetic protein signaling during venous morphogenesis in zebrafish illustrates the heterogeneity within endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:1838-45. [PMID: 25060789 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells are a highly diverse group of cells which display distinct cellular responses to exogenous stimuli. Although the aptly named vascular endothelial growth factor-A signaling pathway is hailed as the most important signaling input for endothelial cells, additional factors also participate in regulating diverse aspects of endothelial behaviors and functions. Given this heterogeneity, these additional factors seem to play a critical role in creating a custom-tailored environment to regulate behaviors and functions of distinct subgroups of endothelial cells. For instance, molecular cues that modulate morphogenesis of arterial vascular beds can be distinct from those that govern morphogenesis of venous vascular beds. Recently, we have found that bone morphogenetic protein signaling selectively promotes angiogenesis from venous vascular beds without eliciting similar responses from arterial vascular beds in zebrafish, indicating that bone morphogenetic protein signaling functions as a context-dependent regulator during vascular morphogenesis. In this review, we will provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms that underlie proangiogenic effects of bone morphogenetic protein signaling on venous vascular beds in the context of endothelial heterogeneity and suggest a more comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms of vascular morphogenesis during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Dae Kim
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea (S.-W.J.)
| | - Heon-Woo Lee
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea (S.-W.J.)
| | - Suk-Won Jin
- From the Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.) and Department of Internal Medicine (J.-D.K., H.W.L., S.-W.J.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Korea (S.-W.J.).
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Abstract
Although several methods have been used in bone regeneration medicine, current methods still have many limitations. The tissue used for autogenous bone graft is limited and allograft has weak osteoinductive activity. Tissue engineering provides a good choice for bone regeneration. However, the growth factors needed have a high price and short half-life. Recently, a number of small molecules have been confirmed to have osteoinductive activity and some have been clinically used. Natural small molecules including decalpenic acid, flavonoids, quinones can be extracted from plants and others can be synthesized according to the structure designed or mimicking the structure of natural small molecules. Small molecules can act as co-activator of BMP2 pathway or activate Wnt pathway; others can be the inhibitors of NF-κB signaling pathway. This review gives an overview on the small molecules with osteoinductive activity and discusses the mechanism of the small molecules.
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Javed F, Hussain HA, Romanos GE. Re-stability of dental implants following treatment of peri-implantitis. Interv Med Appl Sci 2013; 5:116-21. [PMID: 24265901 DOI: 10.1556/imas.5.2013.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is hypothesized that active treatment of peri-implantitis (PI) leads to re-stabilization of dental implants. The aim was to assess whether or not dental implants can re-stabilize following treatment of PI. To address the focused question, MEDLINE/PubMed and Google-Scholar databases were explored from 1977 up to and including August 2013. Any disagreements between the authors were resolved via discussion. Articles published only in English were included. Hand searching was also performed. Thirteen experimental studies were included. The treatment regimes adopted in these studies comprised of antibiotic therapy, guided bone regeneration (GBR), laser therapy, use of bone matrix proteins with membrane, conventional flap surgery and mechanical debridement. In four studies, GBR promoted new bone formation; whereas two studies showed photosensitization therapy (in combination with either mechanical debridement or GBR) to regenerate bone around peri-implant defects. Six studies reported that mechanical debridement in conjunction with antibiotic therapy promoted re-stability of dental implants. In one study, recombinant human bone matrix protein-2 with a collagen membrane helped promote re-stabilization of dental implants. New bone formation may occur to some extent around dental implants following treatment for PI; however, a "complete" re-stability may be difficult to achieve without GBR.
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Al-Musawi SL, Walton KL, Heath D, Simpson CM, Harrison CA. Species differences in the expression and activity of bone morphogenetic protein 15. Endocrinology 2013; 154:888-99. [PMID: 23284103 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Oocyte-derived bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) regulates ovulation rate and female fertility in a species-specific manner, being important in humans and sheep and largely superfluous in mice. To understand these species differences, we have compared the expression and activity of human, murine, and ovine BMP15. In HEK293F cells, human BMP15 is highly expressed (120 ng/ml), ovine BMP15 is poorly expressed (15 ng/ml), and murine BMP15 is undetectable. Because BMP15 synthesis is dependent upon interactions between the N-terminal prodomain and the C-terminal mature domain, we used site-directed mutagenesis to identify four prodomain residues (Glu(46), Glu(47), Leu(49), and Glu(50)) that mediate the high expression of human BMP15. Substituting these residues into the prodomains of murine and ovine BMP15 led to significant increases in growth factor expression; however, maximal expression was achieved only when the entire human prodomain was linked to the mature domains of the other species. Using these chimeric constructs, we produced and purified murine and ovine BMP15 and showed that in a COV434 granulosa cell bioassay, these molecules displayed little activity relative to human BMP15 (EC(50) 0.2nM). Sequence analysis suggested that the disparity in activity could be due to species differences at the type I receptor binding interface. Indeed, murine BMP15 activity was restored when specific residues through this region (Pro(329)/Tyr(330)) were replaced with the corresponding residues (Arg(329)/Asp(330)) from human BMP15. The identified differences in the expression and activity of BMP15 likely underlie the relative importance of this growth factor between species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Al-Musawi
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
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