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Altarazi A, Haider J, Alhotan A, Silikas N, Devlin H. 3D printed denture base material: The effect of incorporating TiO 2 nanoparticles and artificial ageing on the physical and mechanical properties. Dent Mater 2023; 39:1122-1136. [PMID: 37839997 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) printed denture base resin incorporating TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), subjected to a physical ageing process. METHODS Acrylic denture base samples were prepared by a Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printing technique reinforced with different concentrations (0.10, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75) of silanated TiO2 NPs. The resulting nanocomposite materials were characterized in terms of degree of conversion (DC), and sorption/solubility flexural strength, impact strength, Vickers hardness and Martens hardness and compared with unmodified resin and conventional heat-cured (HC) material. The nanocomposites were reassessed after subjecting them to ageing in artificial saliva. A fractured surface was studied under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). RESULTS The addition of TiO2 NPs into 3D-printed resin significantly improved flexural strength/modulus, impact strength, Vickers hardness, and DC, while also slightly enhancing Martens hardness compared to the unmodified resin. Sorption values did not show any improvements, while solubility was reduced significantly. The addition of 0.10 wt% NPs provided the highest performance amongst the other concentrations, and 0.75 wt% NPs showed the lowest. Although ageing degraded the materials' performance to a certain extent, the trends remained the same. SEM images showed a homogenous distribution of the NPs at lower concentrations (0.10 and 0.25 wt%) but revealed agglomeration of the NPs with the higher concentrations (0.50 and 0.75 wt%). SIGNIFICANCE The outcomes of this study suggested that the incorporation of TiO2 NPs (0.10 wt%) into 3D-printed denture base material showed superior performance compared to the unmodified 3D-printed resin even after ageing in artificial saliva. The nanocomposite has the potential to extend service life of denture bases in future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Altarazi
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Julfikar Haider
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Department of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Abdulaziz Alhotan
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nick Silikas
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Hugh Devlin
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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Roato I, Genova T, Duraccio D, Ruffinatti FA, Zanin Venturini D, Di Maro M, Mosca Balma A, Pedraza R, Petrillo S, Chinigò G, Munaron L, Malucelli G, Faga MG, Mussano F. Mechanical and Biological Characterization of PMMA/Al 2O 3 Composites for Dental Implant Abutments. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3186. [PMID: 37571080 PMCID: PMC10421041 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical and biological behaviors of PMMA/Al2O3 composites incorporating 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, and 50 wt.% of Al2O3 were thoroughly characterized as regards to their possible application in implant-supported prostheses. The Al2O3 particles accounted for an increase in the flexural modulus of PMMA. The highest value was recorded for the composite containing 40 wt.% Al2O3 (4.50 GPa), which was about 18% higher than that of its unfilled counterpart (3.86 GPa). The Al2O3 particles caused a decrease in the flexural strength of the composites, due to the presence of filler aggregates and voids, though it was still satisfactory for the intended application. The roughness (Ra) and water contact angle had the same trend, ranging from 1.94 µm and 77.2° for unfilled PMMA to 2.45 µm and 105.8° for the composite containing the highest alumina loading, respectively, hence influencing both the protein adsorption and cell adhesion. No cytotoxic effects were found, confirming that all the specimens are biocompatible and capable of sustaining cell growth and proliferation, without remarkable differences at 24 and 48 h. Finally, Al2O3 was able to cause strong cell responses (cell orientation), thus guiding the tissue formation in contact with the composite itself and not enhancing its osteoconductive properties, supporting the PMMA composite's usage in the envisaged application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Roato
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Tullio Genova
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Donatella Duraccio
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Diletta Zanin Venturini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Mattia Di Maro
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Alessandro Mosca Balma
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Riccardo Pedraza
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
| | - Sara Petrillo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Torino, Italy; (T.G.); (F.A.R.); (D.Z.V.); (G.C.); (L.M.)
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, C.so Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maria Giulia Faga
- Institute of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Energy and Mobility, National Council of Research, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.D.M.); (M.G.F.)
| | - Federico Mussano
- CIR Dental School, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; (I.R.); (A.M.B.); (R.P.); (F.M.)
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Nayak K, Rahangdale TD, Shrivastava S, Newaskar PS, Mishra N, Noorani SM. Evaluation and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin After Reinforcement of Different Fibers in Different Patterns: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e39564. [PMID: 37378173 PMCID: PMC10292184 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most denture fractures occur within the mouth due to resin flexural fatigue. For example, the deep labial notch at the high labial frenum causes denture breakage, as can deep scratches and generated processing stresses. The rising cost of annual prosthetic repairs is evidence that the problem of total denture fracture has not been solved. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relative improvement in flexural strength between heat-cured polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin reinforced with glass fibers (GF) and basalt fibers (BF) of varied orientations. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 150 heat-cured acrylic resin specimens of 65x10x3 mm dimension were prepared, 30 of which were left unreinforced (Group A), 30 of which were reinforced with GF in transverse pattern (Group B), 30 of which were reinforced with GF in meshwork pattern (Group C), 30 of which were reinforced with BF in transverse pattern (Group D), and 30 of which were reinforced with BF in meshwork pattern (Group E). All of the samples were put through flexural strength testing on the universal testing machine. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer various correlation test (= 0.05) were used in SPSS for Windows to look at the facts. RESULTS The mean flexural strength for Group A was 46.26±2.26 MPa, 64.98±1.53 MPa for Group B, 76.45±2.67 MPa for Group C, 54.22±2.24 MPa for Group D, and 59.02±2.38 MPa for Group E. Flexural strength was impacted by both the kind of BF and GF reinforcement (F = 768.316, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Within the limitation of the current research, BF reinforcement outperforms GF reinforcement and unreinforced heat-cured acrylic resin in terms of flexural strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karvika Nayak
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Mansarovar Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
| | - Tripty D Rahangdale
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Mansarovar Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
| | - Saurabh Shrivastava
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Mansarovar Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
| | - Prabha S Newaskar
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Rural Dental College, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Loni, IND
| | - Nishi Mishra
- Department of Oral Radiology and Medicine, Mansarovar Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
| | - Syed Mohammed Noorani
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Mansarovar Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bhopal, IND
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The effect of gamma irradiation on the synthesis, microbiological sterility, and improvement of properties of PMMA-Al2O3 composite used in dental prosthesis manufacturing. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2023.110846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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PMMA-Based Nanocomposites for Odontology Applications: A State-of-the-Art. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810288. [PMID: 36142201 PMCID: PMC9499310 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), a well-known polymer of the methacrylate family, is extensively used in biomedicine, particularly in odontological applications including artificial teeth, dentures and denture bases, obturators, provisional or permanent crowns, and so forth. The exceptional PMMA properties, including aesthetics, inexpensiveness, simple manipulation, low density, and adjustable mechanical properties, make it a perfect candidate in the field of dentistry. However, it presents some deficiencies, including weakness regarding hydrolytic degradation, poor fracture toughness, and a lack of antibacterial activity. To further enhance its properties and solve these drawbacks, different approaches can be performed, including the incorporation of nanofillers. In this regard, different types of metallic nanoparticles, metal oxide nanofillers, and carbon-based nanomaterials have been recently integrated into PMMA matrices with the aim to reduce water absorption and improve their performance, namely their thermal and flexural properties. In this review, recent studies regarding the development of PMMA-based nanocomposites for odontology applications are summarized and future perspectives are highlighted.
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Alrahlah A, Khan R, Vohra F, Alqahtani IM, Alruhaymi AA, Haider S, Al-Odayni AB, Saeed WS, Murthy HCA, Bautista LS. Influence of the Physical Inclusion of ZrO 2/TiO 2 Nanoparticles on Physical, Mechanical, and Morphological Characteristics of PMMA-Based Interim Restorative Material. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1743019. [PMID: 36033557 PMCID: PMC9417768 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1743019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is often used in restorative dentistry for its easy fabrication, aesthetics, and low cost for interim restorations. However, poor mechanical properties to withstand complex masticatory forces are a concern for clinicians. Therefore, this study aimed to modify a commercially available PMMA-based temporary restorative material by adding TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles in different percentages as fillers and to investigate its physio-mechanical properties. Different percentages (0, 0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt%) of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles were mixed with the pristine PMMA resin (powder to liquid ratio: 1 : 1) and homogenized using high-speed mixer. The composites obtained were analyzed for their flexural strength (F.S.), elastic modulus (E.M.), Vickers hardness (H.V.), surface roughness Ra, morphology and water contact angle (WCA). The mean average was determined with standard deviation (SD) to analyze the results, and a basic comparison test was conducted. The results inferred that adding a small amount (0.5 wt%) of TiO2 and ZrO2 nanoparticles (NPs) could significantly enhance the physio-mechanical and morphological characteristics of PMMA interim restorations. EM and surface hardness increased with increasing filler content, with 3.0 wt.% ZrO2 exhibiting the highest EM (3851.28 MPa), followed by 3.0 wt.% TiO2 (3632.34 MPa). The WCA was significantly reduced from 91.32 ± 4.21° (control) to 66.30 ± 4.23° for 3.0 wt.% ZrO2 and 69.88 ± 3.55° for 3.0 wt.% TiO2. Therefore, TiO2 and ZrO2 NPs could potentially be used as fillers to improve the performance of PMMA and similar interim restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alrahlah
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Restorative Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawaiz Khan
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahim Vohra
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. Alqahtani
- Public Security Medical Services, Security Patrols Medical Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A. Alruhaymi
- Prince Mohammed bin Naif Medical Center, King Fahad Security College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. C. Ananda Murthy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P O Box, 1888 Adama, Ethiopia
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and technical science (SIMAT), Saveetha University, -600077, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Leonel S. Bautista
- Engineer Abdullah Bugshan Research Chair for Dental and Oral Rehabilitation, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Kim YJ, Choe YE, Shin SJ, Park JH, Dashnyam K, Kim HS, Jun SK, Knowles JC, Kim HW, Lee JH, Lee HH. Photocatalytic effect-assisted antimicrobial activities of acrylic resin incorporating zinc oxide nanoflakes. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:213025. [PMID: 35882118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the deficiency of the antimicrobial effect of polymer, zinc oxide nanoparticles have been widely utilized as advanced nanofillers due to their antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity. However, the underlying antimicrobial mechanism has not been fully understood apart from topological and physical characteristics. In this study, we prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles-based acrylic resin to explore its antimicrobial mechanism under controlled mechanophysical conditions by using silane-treated zinc oxide nanoflakes (S-ZnNFs). S-ZnNFs incorporated acrylic resin (poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA) composites up to 2 wt% were selected based on comparable mechanophysical properties (e.g., roughness, wettability, strength and hardness), possibly affecting antimicrobial properties beyond the zinc oxide nanoparticle effect, to bare PMMA. Antimicrobial adhesion results were still observed in 2 wt% S-ZnNFs incorporated PMMA using Candida albicans (C. albicans), one of the fungal infection species. In order to confirm the antimicrobial effects by photocatalysis, we pre-exposed the UV light on 2 wt% S-ZnNF composites before cell seeding, revealing synergetic antimicrobial effect via additional reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to C. albicans over zinc oxide nanoparticle-induced one. RNA-seq analysis revealed distinguished cellular responses between zinc oxide nanoparticles and UV-mediated photocatalytic effect, but both linked to generation of intracellular ROS. Thus, the above data suggest that induction of high intracellular ROS of C. albicans was the main antimicrobial mechanism under controlled mechanophysical parameters and synergetic ROS accumulation can be induced by photocatalysis, recapitulating a promising use of a S-ZnNFs or possibly zinc oxide nanoparticles as intracellular-ROS-generating antimicrobial nanofillers in acrylic composite for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Choe
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Shin
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Khandmaa Dashnyam
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Drug Research Institute, Mongolian Pharmaceutical University & Monos Group, Ulaanbaatar 14250, Mongolia
| | - Hye Sung Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Kyung Jun
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Hygiene, Hanseo University, 46 Hanseo 1-ro, Seosan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31962, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK; The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial efficiency of ZrO2 nanoparticles reinforced 3D printed resins. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1432-1442. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Dental Poly(methyl methacrylate)-Based Resin Containing a Nanoporous Silica Filler. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13010032. [PMID: 35323232 PMCID: PMC8948615 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based resins have been conventionally used in dental prostheses owing to their good biocompatibility. However, PMMA-based resins have relatively poor mechanical properties. In the present study, a novel nanoporous silica filler was developed and introduced into PMMA-based resins to improve their mechanical properties. The filler was prepared by sintering a green body composed of silica and an organic binder, followed by grinding to a fine powder and subsequent silanization. The filler was added to photocurable PMMA-based resin, which was prepared from MMA, PMMA, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and a photo-initiator. The filler was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, nitrogen sorption porosimetry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The PMMA-based resins were characterized by SEM and FT-IR, and the mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, flexural modulus, and flexural strength) and physicochemical properties (water sorption and solubility) were evaluated. The results suggested that the filler consisted of microparticles with nanopores. The filler at 23 wt % was well dispersed in the PMMA-based resin matrix. The mechanical and physicochemical properties of the PMMA-based resin improved significantly with the addition of the developed filler. Therefore, such filler-loaded PMMA-based resins are potential candidates for improving the strength and durability of polymer-based crown and denture base.
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Kono H, Tsujisaki H, Tajima K. Reinforcing Poly(methyl methacrylate) with Bacterial Cellulose Nanofibers Chemically Modified with Methacryolyl Groups. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030537. [PMID: 35159882 PMCID: PMC8838691 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nanofibrillated bacterial cellulose (NFBC), a type of cellulose nanofiber biosynthesized by Gluconacetobacter sp., has extremely long (i.e., high-aspect-ratio) fibers that are expected to be useful as nanofillers for fiber-reinforced composite resins. In this study, we investigated a composite of NFBC and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), a highly transparent resin, with the aim of improving the mechanical properties of the latter. The abundant hydroxyl groups on the NFBC surface were silylated using 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS), a silane coupling agent bearing a methacryloyl group as the organic functional group. The surface-modified NFBC was homogeneously dispersed in chloroform, mixed with neat PMMA, and converted into PMMA composites using a simple solvent-casting method. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the composite increased by factors of 1.6 and 1.8, respectively, when only 0.10 wt% of the surface-modified NFBC was added, without sacrificing the maximum elongation rate. In addition, the composite maintained the high transparency of PMMA, highlighting that the addition of MPTMS-modified NFBC easily reinforce PMMA. Furthermore, interactions involving the organic functional groups of MPTMS were found to be very important for reinforcing PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kono
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Tomakomai 059-1275, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-144-67-8036
| | - Haruto Tsujisaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tomakomai College, Tomakomai 059-1275, Japan
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
| | - Kenji Tajima
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;
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11
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Muhammad N, Sarfraz Z, Zafar MS, Liaqat S, Rahim A, Ahmad P, Alsubaie A, Almalki ASA, Khandaker MU. Characterization of various acrylate based artificial teeth for denture fabrication. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:17. [PMID: 35072817 PMCID: PMC8786782 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acrylic resins-based artificial teeth are frequently used for the fabrication of dentures has and contribute a very strong share in the global market. However, the scientific literature reporting the comparative analysis data of various artificial teeth is scarce. Focusing on that, the present study investigated various types of commercially available artificial teeth, composed of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Artificial teeth are characterized for chemical analysis, morphological features, thermal analysis, and mechanical properties (surface hardness, compressive strength). Different types of artificial teeth showed distinct mechanical (compression strength, Vickers hardness) and thermal properties (thermal gravimetric analysis) which may be attributed to the difference in the content of PMMA and type and quantity of different fillers in their composition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results exhibited that vinyl end groups of PMMA degraded above 200 °C, whereas 340-400 °C maximum degradation temperature was measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA) for all samples. Crisma brand showed the highest compressive strength and young modulus (88.6 MPa and 1654 MPa) while the lowest value of Vickers hardness was demonstrated by Pigeon and Vital brands. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs showed that Crisma, Pigeon, and Vital exhibited characteristics of a brittle fracture; however, Artis and Well bite brands contained elongated voids on their surfaces. According to the mechanical analysis and SEM data, Well bite teeth showed a significantly higher mechanical strength compared to other groups. However, no considerable difference was observed in Vickers hardness of all groups. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawshad Muhammad
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 26100, Pakistan.
| | - Zenab Sarfraz
- Department of Dental Materials, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah, 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Liaqat
- Department of Dental Materials, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 26100, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rahim
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM) COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54600, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Ahmad
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Alsubaie
- Department of Physics, College of Khurma, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Center for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Low-Temperature and UV Irradiation Effect on Transformation of Zirconia -MPS nBBs-Based Gels into Hybrid Transparent Dielectric Thin Films. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020068. [PMID: 35200450 PMCID: PMC8870923 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Bottom-up approaches in solutions enable the low-temperature preparation of hybrid thin films suitable for printable transparent and flexible electronic devices. We report the obtainment of new transparent PMMA/ZrO2 nanostructured -building blocks (nBBs) hybrid thin films (61–75 nm) by a modified sol-gel method using zirconium ethoxide, Zr(OEt)4, and 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (MPS) as a coupling agent and methylmethacrylate monomer (MMA). The effect of low-temperature and UV irradiation on the nBBs gel films is discussed. The thermal behaviors of the hybrid sols and as-deposed gel films were investigated by modulated thermogravimetric (mTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The chemical structure of the resulted films was elucidated by X-ray photoelectron (XPS), infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies. Their morphology and crystalline structure were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction. The cured films show zirconia nanocrystallites of 2–4 nm in the hybrid matrix and different self-assembled structures for 160 °C or UV treatment; excellent dielectric behavior, with dielectric constant values within 6.7–17.9, depending on the Zr(OEt)4:MMA molar ratio, were obtained.
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13
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The Effect of Salinized Nano ZrO 2 Particles on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Behavior of Acrylic Denture Tooth Nanocomposite. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020302. [PMID: 35054708 PMCID: PMC8779741 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The wear of acrylic denture teeth is a serious problem that can change the vertical dimensions of dentures. This study evaluates the effect of adding salinized nano ZrO2 particles on the microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of acrylic denture teeth. Heat polymerizing polymethyl methacrylate resin was mixed with salinized ZrO2 at concentrations of 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%. Acrylic resin specimens without filler addition were used as a control group. SEM/EDS analyses were performed and the Vickers’ hardness was evaluated. Two-body wear testing was performed using a chewing simulator with a human enamel antagonist. After subjecting the samples to 37,500 cycles, both height loss and weight loss were used to evaluate the wear behavior. The microstructural investigation of the reinforced-denture teeth indicates sound nanocomposite preparation using the applied regime without porosity or macro defects. The addition of zirconium oxide nanofillers to PMMA at both 5% and 10% increased the microhardness, with values of up to 49.7 HV. The wear mechanism in the acrylic base material without nanoparticle addition was found to be fatigue wear; a high density of microcracks were found. The addition of 5 wt.% ZrO2 improved the wear resistance. Increasing the nanoparticles to 10 wt.% ZrO2 further improved the wear resistance, with no microcracks found.
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14
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Aldegheishem A, AlDeeb M, Al-Ahdal K, Helmi M, Alsagob EI. Influence of Reinforcing Agents on the Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Resin: A Systematic Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183083. [PMID: 34577983 PMCID: PMC8470293 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the influence of fillers in denture base resin is vague. This systematic review aimed to report the reinforcing effect of fillers on the mechanical properties of denture base resin by following PRISMA guidelines. Two electronic databases (Pubmed/Medline & Web of Science) were searched for articles using the keywords: fibers in denture base, fillers in denture base, and reinforcement of denture base. Laboratory studies complying with the inclusion criteria were reviewed according to the set protocol. The established focus question was: "Do reinforcing fillers positively influence the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) heat polymerized denture base material?" A total of twenty-nine relevant papers qualified for final inclusion. Of these, 24 were determined to have a moderate risk of bias. Micron or nano-sized metal/metal oxides particles and glass fibers were the frequently used reinforcing agents. The trend of evaluating fractural strength (FS) was common. Most of the studies limited the use of reinforcing agents up to 5 wt.%. FS, fracture toughness (FT), and impact strength (IS) tend to increase if the fillers are chemically bonded and well-dispersed in denture base resin. Though fillers with a higher elastic modulus increase the hardness of the reinforced denture base resin, they compromise other mechanical properties. Well-dispersed lower filler loading PMMA denture base resin can enhance the FS, FT, and other related mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhanoof Aldegheishem
- Clinical Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Modhi AlDeeb
- Department of Prosthodontic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khold Al-Ahdal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Helmi
- Periodontics and Community Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Eman I. Alsagob
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-555-178-877
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15
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Sabouhi M, Amini-Pozveh M, Bajoghli F, Dastjerd H, Mohammadi R. Synthesis and Characterization of Antifungal Nanocomposite AgSiO2 Polymethyl Methacrylate. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:109-114. [PMID: 34384125 PMCID: PMC8890906 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1731831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
Polymethyl methacrylate as the most common material used in denture bases has some problems. The aim of this study was to introduce a new nanocomposite of PMMA to improve flexural strength and antifungal properties.
Materials and Methods
In this experimental study, AgSiO
2
nanoparticles were prepared, and their characteristics were confirmed by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques. Then the nanoparticles in the weight ratio of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7% were incorporated to heat-cured PMMA and the control group included no nanoparticles.
To measure the flexural strength before and after thermocycling three-point bending test was used. Eight samples per group with dimensions of 65 × 10 × 2.5 mm were used. Antifungal activity against
Candida albicans
(PTCC 5027) was investigated through colony count method. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS at significance level of
p
-value ≤0.05.
Results
The mean flexural strength in groups 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7% was significantly higher than the control. After thermocycling flexural strength of the control group was significantly lower than 0.3 and 0.5% groups. As the concentration of nanoparticles increased the antifungal activity improved (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
Addition of nanoparticles AgSiO
2
improved flexural strength and antifungal characteristics of PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Sabouhi
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Materials Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Amini-Pozveh
- Department of Prosthodontics Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farshad Bajoghli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental Implants Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Dastjerd
- Institute of Biomaterial of Tehran University, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Aati S, Akram Z, Ngo H, Fawzy AS. Development of 3D printed resin reinforced with modified ZrO 2 nanoparticles for long-term provisional dental restorations. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e360-e374. [PMID: 33663884 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize and investigate efficacy of loading functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles in 3-dimensional (3D) printed acrylate ester-based resin subjected to accelerated aging in artificial saliva. As well as to evaluate the effect of ZrO2 nanoparticle volume fraction addition on mechanical and physical properties of printed composite. METHODS Functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles were characterized using TEM and Raman spectroscopy. 3D printed dental resin was reinforced, with ZrO2 nanoparticles, in the concentration range (0-5wt.%). The resulted nanocomposites, in term of structure and physical/mechanical properties were evaluated using different mechanical testing, microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS ZrO2 based nanocomposite was successful and formed composites were more ductile. Degree of conversion was significant at the highest level with blank resin and 1wt.%. Sorption revealed reduction associated with volume fraction significant to neat resin, however solubility indicated neat and 4wt.% had the lowest significant dissolution. Vickers represented critical positive correlation with filler content, while nanohardness and elasticity behaved symmetrically and had the maximum strength at 3wt.% addition. In addition, 3wt.% showed the highest fracture toughness and modulus. Improvement of flexural strength was significantly linked to filler concentration. Overall properties dramatically were enhanced after 3 months aging in artificial saliva, especially degree of conversion, microhardness, nanoindentation/elasticity, and flexural modulus. However, significant reduction was observed with flexural modulus and fracture toughness. SIGNIFICANCE The outcomes suggest that the newly developed 3D printed nanocomposites modified with ZrO2 nanoparticle have the superior potential and efficacy as long-term provisional dental restoration materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Aati
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia; Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohaib Akram
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hien Ngo
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia
| | - Amr S Fawzy
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA 6009, Australia.
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17
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Zafar MS. Prosthodontic Applications of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA): An Update. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2299. [PMID: 33049984 PMCID: PMC7599472 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of polymers are commonly used for various applications in prosthodontics. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used for prosthetic dental applications, including the fabrication of artificial teeth, denture bases, dentures, obturators, orthodontic retainers, temporary or provisional crowns, and for the repair of dental prostheses. Additional dental applications of PMMA include occlusal splints, printed or milled casts, dies for treatment planning, and the embedding of tooth specimens for research purposes. The unique properties of PMMA, such as its low density, aesthetics, cost-effectiveness, ease of manipulation, and tailorable physical and mechanical properties, make it a suitable and popular biomaterial for these dental applications. To further improve the properties (thermal properties, water sorption, solubility, impact strength, flexural strength) of PMMA, several chemical modifications and mechanical reinforcement techniques using various types of fibers, nanoparticles, and nanotubes have been reported recently. The present article comprehensively reviews various aspects and properties of PMMA biomaterials, mainly for prosthodontic applications. In addition, recent updates and modifications to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of PMMA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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18
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Tekale RG, Mowade TK, Radke UM. Comparative Evaluation of Water Sorption of Heat-Polymerized Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Resin Reinforced with Different Concentrations of Silanized Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2020; 10:269-273. [PMID: 32308289 PMCID: PMC7145259 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_499_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Statement of Problem: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most regularly used material in denture fabrication. Water sorption of denture base PMMA denture base resin has negative effects on physical properties, may lead to harmful tissue reactions in patients, and also has detrimental effects on color stability of the denture base. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on water sorption of heat-cured PMMA denture base material after incorporation of 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight of silanized titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: For preparation of test samples, TiO2 nanoparticles (PCode: 700339, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) were coated with a layer of trimethoxysilylpropylmethacrylate (PCode: 440159, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) before sonicated in monomer (MMA) (DPI Heat Cure) with the percentages 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight; after sonication, it was mixed with PMMA powder using conventional denture fabrication procedure. Then, we prepared total 40 samples for study; 10 samples for each four groups, i.e. that is one control group and three experimental groups. The first group was prepared from PMMA without addition of TiO2 nanoparticles (control group), the second group with the addition of 1 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles, the third group with 3 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles, and the fourth one with 5 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles (experimental groups). Water sorption test was then conducted on each sample. Results: Each group was evaluated for water sorption test, and it was found that increasing the wt% of nanoparticles, there was a significant decrease in water sorption of denture base resin from 1.74 to 1.46 mean wt%. P value suggested that the difference of mean percent increase across all groups was statistically significant with P = 0.034. Conclusion: The maximum decrease in water sorption was observed in denture base resin incorporated with 5 wt% TiO2 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul G Tekale
- Department of Prosthodontics, V.S.P.M. Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, India.,Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tushar K Mowade
- Department of Prosthodontics, V.S.P.M. Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, India.,Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Usha M Radke
- Department of Prosthodontics, V.S.P.M. Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, India.,Maharashtra University of Health Sciences, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Gopalakrishnan S, Raj I, Mathew T. A, Abraham J, Maria HJ, Mozetič M, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N. Development of oral‐fluid‐impervious and fracture‐resistant silver–poly(methyl methacrylate) nanoformulations for intra‐oral/extra‐oral rehabilitation. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Gopalakrishnan
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
- Department of ProsthodonticsGovernment Dental College Gandhinagar Post Office, Kottayam 686 008 Kerala India
| | - Indu Raj
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
- Department of ProsthodonticsGovernment Dental College Gandhinagar Post Office, Kottayam 686 008 Kerala India
| | - Aby Mathew T.
- Department of ProsthodonticsPushpagiri College of Dental Sciences Pushpagiri Medicity, Perumthuruthy, 686 548 Kerala India
| | - Jiji Abraham
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
| | - Hanna. J. Maria
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
| | - Miran Mozetič
- Jozef Stefan Institute Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000 Slovenia
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
- School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
- School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University Kottayam 686 560 Kerala India
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20
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Behavior of PMMA Denture Base Materials Containing Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Literature Review. Int J Biomater 2019; 2019:6190610. [PMID: 30792739 PMCID: PMC6354146 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6190610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) have gained interest in the dental field because of their multiple uses in addition to their antimicrobial effect. One of the applications in dentistry involves the incorporation into poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. However, there is a lack of evidence on their effects on the behavior of the resulting nanocomposite. Therefore, the present review aims to screen literatures for data related to PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite to figure out the properties of TiO2 nanoparticles, methods of addition, interaction with PMMA resin matrix, and finally the addition effects on the properties of introduced nanocomposite and evidence on its clinical performance. Regardless of the latest research progress of PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposite, the questionable properties of final nanocomposite and the lack of long-term clinical evidence addressing their performance restrict their wide clinical use. A conclusive connection between nanoparticle size or addition method and nanocomposite properties could not be established.
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21
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Mostafa A, Lucyshyn T, Holzer C, Flachberger H, Oefner W, Riess G, Fritz B. Influence of filler treatment on the behavior of blast furnace slag filled polypropylene compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Mostafa
- Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL); Leoben Austria
| | - T. Lucyshyn
- Chair of Polymer Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben Austria
| | - C. Holzer
- Chair of Polymer Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben Austria
| | - H. Flachberger
- Chair of Mineral Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben Austria
| | - W. Oefner
- Chair of Mineral Processing, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben Austria
| | - G. Riess
- Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben; Leoben Austria
| | - B. Fritz
- Voestalpine Stahl GmbH; Linz Austria
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22
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Aziz HK. TiO 2-Nanofillers Effects on Some Properties of Highly- Impact Resin Using Different Processing Techniques. Open Dent J 2018; 12:202-212. [PMID: 29643946 PMCID: PMC5872201 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601812010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The criteria of conventional curing of polymethyl methacrylate do not match the standard properties of the denture base materials. Objectives: This research was conducted to investigate the addition of TiO2 nano practical on impact strength, thermal conductivity and color stability of acrylic resin cured by microwave in comparison to the conventional cured of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Materials and Methods: 120 specimens made of high impact acrylic resin were divided into two main groups according to the type of curing (water bath, microwave), then each group was subdivided into two groups according to the addition of 3% TiO2 nano-fillers and control group (without the addition of TiO2 0%). Each group was subdivided according to the type of test into 3 groups with 10 specimens for each group. Data were statistically analyzed using Student t-test to detect the significant differences between tested and control groups at significance level (P<0.05). Results: According to curing type methods, the results showed that there was a significant decrease in impact strength of microwaved cured resin, but there was no significant difference in the thermal conductivity and color stability of resin. In addition, by using nanofiller, there was a significant increase in the impact strength and color stability with the addition of 3% TiO2 nanofillers, but no significant difference was found in the thermal conductivity of the acrylic resin. Conclusion: The microwave curing of acrylic resin had no change in the color stability and thermal conductivity in comparison to the water bath, but the impact strength was decreased. The addition of 3% TiO2 improved the impact and the color stability, but the thermal conductivity did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawraa Khalid Aziz
- Department of Dental Technology, Prosthetic Dental Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology, Middle Technical University (MTU), Baghdad, Iraq
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Jiangkongkho P, Arksornnukit M, Takahashi H. The synthesis, modification, and application of nanosilica in polymethyl methacrylate denture base. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:582-591. [PMID: 29386471 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate amount of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) silanized on experimental nanosilica particles (NPs), amount of NP and amount of MPS silanized NP on flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), and fracture toughness (FT) of NP reinforced polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The chemisorbed amount of MPS was determined using elemental analysis. Six groups (n=8) were prepared with chemisorbed amount and mixed with PMMA-monomer to make 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 and 15% (w/w) of NP reinforced PMMA. PMMA without NP served as control. Seven groups (n=8) were prepared with 1% of NP silanized with 0, 0.061, 0.123, 0.246, 0.493, 0.987, and 1.974 gMPS/gsilica and mixed with PMMA-monomer to make NP reinforced PMMA. FS, FM, and FT were determined using 3-point bending test. One-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons showed that 0.246 gMPS/gsilica of 1% amount of silanized NP group was significantly highest in FS, FM, and FT compared to the others (p<0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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24
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Tamore SH, Jyothi KS, Muttagi S, Gaikwad AM. Flexural Strength of Surface-Treated Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin after Repair with Aluminum Oxide-Reinforced Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resin. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:S347-S353. [PMID: 30294170 PMCID: PMC6169287 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_483_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A fracture of denture base in situ often occurs through a fatigue mechanism, which over a period of time leads to the formation of small cracks, resulting in fracture. Aim and Objective: To evaluate the flexural strength of repaired heat-polymerized acrylic resin, with different percentage of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) added to the repair resin and effect of two different surface treatments on the flexural strength of repaired heat-polymerized acrylic resin and also to evaluate quantification of filler particles using scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methodology: Fifty specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resin were prepared according to the American Dental Association specification no. 12 (65 mm × 10 mm × 2.5 mm). Al2O3<50 nm particle size was silanized using metal alloy primer before incorporation in polymer. Two different percentages of Al2O3 nanoparticles, that is, 1% and 1.5% were added to autopolymerizing acrylic resin which was used as repairing material. Results: The study showed that repair resin incorporated with 1.5% Al2O3 in the group surface treated with silicon carbide paper improved the flexural strength of denture base resin. A proper filler distribution and deep penetration within the polymer matrix were observed by scanning electron microscope in the same group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Hareshwar Tamore
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - K S Jyothi
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Coorg Institute of Dental Sciences, Virajpet, Karnataka, India
| | - Seshagiri Muttagi
- Department of Biochemistry, Royal Dental College, Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Amit M Gaikwad
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, MGM Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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25
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Nakornchai N, Arksornnukit M, Kamonkhantikul K, Takahashi H. The pH effect of solvent in silanization on fluoride released and mechanical properties of heat-cured acrylic resin containing fluoride-releasing filler. Dent Mater J 2017; 35:440-6. [PMID: 27252000 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2015-403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an acidic-adjusted pH of solvent in silanization on the amount of fluoride released and mechanical properties of heat-cured acrylic resin containing a silanized fluoride-releasing filler. The experimental groups were divided into 4 groups; non-silanized, acidic-adjusted pH, non-adjusted pH, and no filler as control. For fluoride measurement, each specimen was placed in deionized water which was changed every day for 7 days, every week for 7 weeks and measured. The flexural strength and flexural modulus were evaluated after aging for 48 h, 1, and 2 months. Two-way ANOVA indicated significant differences among groups, storage times, and its interaction in fluoride measurement and flexural modulus. For flexural strength, there was significant difference only among groups. Acidic-adjusted pH of solvent in silanization enhanced the amount of fluoride released from acrylic resin, while non-adjusted pH of solvent exhibited better flexural strength of acrylic resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natha Nakornchai
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University
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26
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Gad MM, Fouda SM, Al-Harbi FA, Näpänkangas R, Raustia A. PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3801-3812. [PMID: 28553115 PMCID: PMC5440038 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s130722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews acrylic denture base resin enhancement during the past few decades. Specific attention is given to the effect of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) properties. The review is based on scientific reviews, papers, and abstracts, as well as studies concerning the effect of additives, fibers, fillers, and reinforcement materials on PMMA, published between 1974 and 2016. Many studies have reported improvement of PMMA denture base material with the addition of fillers, fibers, nanofiller, and hybrid reinforcement. However, most of the studies were limited to in vitro investigations without bioactivity and clinical implications. Considering the findings of the review, there is no ideal denture base material, but the properties of PMMA could be improved with some modifications, especially with silanized nanoparticle addition and a hybrid reinforcement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritva Näpänkangas
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aune Raustia
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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27
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Kamonkhantikul K, Arksornnukit M, Takahashi H. Antifungal, optical, and mechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate material incorporated with silanized zinc oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:2353-2360. [PMID: 28392692 PMCID: PMC5376186 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s132116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fungal infected denture, which is typically composed of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), is a common problem for a denture wearer, especially an elderly patient with limited manual dexterity. Therefore, increasing the antifungal effect of denture by incorporating surface modification nanoparticles into the PMMA, while retaining its mechanical properties, is of interest. Aim of the study This study aimed to evaluate antifungal, optical, and mechanical properties of heat-cured PMMA incorporated with different amounts of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnOnps) with or without methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane modification. Materials and methods Specimens made from heat-cured PMMA containing 1.25, 2.5, and 5% (w/w) nonsilanized (Nosi) or silanized (Si) ZnOnps were evaluated. Specimens without filler served as control. The fungal assay was performed placing a Candida albicans suspension on the PMMA surface for 2 h, then Sabouraud Dextrose Broth was added, and growth after 24 h was determined by counting colony forming units on agar plates. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the color in L* (brightness), a* (red-green), b* (yellow-blue) and opacity of the experimental groups. Flexural strength and flexural modulus were determined using a three-point bending test on universal testing machine after 37°C water storage for 48 h and 1 month. Results The antifungal, optical, and mechanical properties of the PMMA incorporated with ZnOnps changed depending on the amount. With the same amount of ZnOnps, the silanized groups demonstrated a greater reduction in C. albicans compared with the Nosi groups. The color difference (ΔE) and opacity of the Nosi groups were greater compared with the Si groups. The flexural strength of the Si groups, except for the 1.25% group, was significantly greater compared with the Nosi groups. Conclusion PMMA incorporated with Si ZnOnps, particularly with 2.5% Si ZnOnps, had a greater antifungal effect, less color differences, and opacity compared with Nosi ZnOnps, while retaining its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krid Kamonkhantikul
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mansuang Arksornnukit
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hidekazu Takahashi
- Oral Biomaterials Engineering, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Felemban NH, Ebrahim MI. The influence of adding modified zirconium oxide-titanium dioxide nano-particles on mechanical properties of orthodontic adhesive: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:43. [PMID: 28086858 PMCID: PMC5237344 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this in-vitro study was to examine the effect of incorporating different concentrations of Zirconium oxide-Titanium dioxide (ZrO2-TiO2) nanoparticles, which can have antibacterial properties, on the mechanical properties of an orthodontic adhesive. METHODS ZrO2-TiO2 (Zirconium oxide, HWNANO, Hongwu International Group Ltd, China) -Titanium dioxide, Nanoshell, USA) nanopowder were incorporated into orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT, 3 M Unitek, Monrovia, USA) with different concentrations (0.5% weight nonofiller and 1% weight nanofiller). The size of nanoparticle was 70-80 nm for ZrO2 and less than 50 nm for TiO2. For measuring the shear bond strength of the three groups of orthodontic adhesives [Transbond (control), Transbond mixed with 0.5% weight ZrO2-TiO2, and Transbond mixed with 1% weight ZrO2-TiO2], 30 freshly extracted human first premolars were used and bonded with stainless steel metal brackets (Dentaurum®, Discovery®, Deutschland), using the 3 orthodontic adhesives and 3 M Unitek; Transbond TM Plus Self-Etching Primer (10 samples in each group). The recorded values of compressive strength and tensile strength (measured separately on 10 samples of orthodontic adhesives (add the 3 D size of sample, light cured for 40 s on both sides) of each orthodontic adhesives), as well as the shear bond strength in Mega Pascal unit (MPa) were collected and exposed to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post-hoc tests. RESULTS orthodontic adhesive with 1% weight ZrO2-TiO2 showed the highest mean compressive (73.42 ± 1.55 MPa, p: 0.003, F: 12.74), tensile strength (8.65 ± 0.74 MPa, p: 0.001, F: 68.20), and shear bond strength (20.05 ± 0.2 MPa, p: 0.001, F: 0.17). CONCLUSIONS Adding ZrO2-TiO2 nanoparticle to orthodontic adhesive increased compressive strength, tensile strength, and shear bond strength in vitro, but in vivo studies and randomized clinical trials are needed to validate the present findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayef H Felemban
- Orthodontic department, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia. .,, P.O.B. 4302, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed I Ebrahim
- Restorative dentistry department, Faculty of Dentistry, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Kul E, Aladağ Lİ, Yesildal R. Evaluation of thermal conductivity and flexural strength properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base material reinforced with different fillers. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 116:803-810. [PMID: 27189841 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used in prosthodontics as a denture base material. However, it has several disadvantages, including low strength and low thermal conductivity. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate thermal conductivity and flexural strength after adding powdered Ag, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, SiC, SiC-nano, Si3N4, and HA-nano in ratios of 10 wt% to PMMA. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 144 specimens were fabricated and divided into 18 groups. Specimens were left in water for 30 days. Thermal conductivity values were measured using a heat flowmeter, flexural strength was measured with a 3-point bend test, and specimens were investigated with environmental scanning electron microscopy. One-way ANOVA was used to compare means followed by using Duncan multiple range test (α=.05). RESULTS The thermal conductivity value of PMMA increased significantly after the addition of Si3N4, SiC, Al2O3, SiC-nano, TiO2, ZrO2, HA-nano, and Ag. Progressive increases in thermal conductivity were observed in Si3N4, SiC, and Al2O3 fillers. Flexural strength values of the control group were not significantly different from those of the SiC, Al2O3, or Ag group (P>.05). In the other groups, flexural strength values decreased significantly (P<.05). On the basis of electron microscopy, we observed that Si3N4, SiC, and Al2O3 powders had higher thermal conductivity values that are dissipated more homogeneously in PMMA. CONCLUSIONS Although the addition of 10 wt% SiC, Al2O3, and Ag powder to PMMA significantly increased thermal conductivity, the flexural strength values of PMMA were not significantly changed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kul
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry at Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Lütfü İhsan Aladağ
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry at Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ruhi Yesildal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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30
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Gül EB, Atala MH, Eşer B, Polat NT, Asiltürk M, Gültek A. Effects of coating with different ceromers on the impact strength, transverse strength and elastic modulus of polymethyl methacrylate. Dent Mater J 2015; 34:379-87. [PMID: 25904101 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2014-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) after coating with different ceromers. For transverse strength and modulus of elasticity tests, specimens of 65×10×2.5 mm dimensions were prepared (5 groups, n=10). For impact strength test, specimens of 60×7.5×4 mm dimensions were prepared (5 groups, n=10). Test group specimens were coated with one of four different types of ceromers, and specimens in the control group were not coated. After specimens were tested for transverse and impact strengths, the data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Conover post hoc tests (p<0.05). GLYMOTEOS-TiO2 and A174-TEOS significantly increased the transverse strength of PMMA. All ceromers caused a statistically significant increase in the elastic modulus of PMMA. While GLYMO-TEOS-ZrO2 significantly decreased the impact strength, the other ceromers did not cause any statistically significant difference in impact strength. Coating with ceromers substantially improved the mechanical properties of PMMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Başak Gül
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, İnönü University
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