1
|
Mascaretti F, Haider S, Amoroso C, Caprioli F, Ramai D, Ghidini M. Role of the Microbiome in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Cancers. J Gastrointest Cancer 2024; 55:662-678. [PMID: 38411876 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-024-01021-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stomach and esophageal cancers are among the highest mortality from cancers worldwide. Microbiota has an interplaying role within the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Dysbiosis occurs when a disruption of the balance between the microbiota and the host happens. With this narrative review, we discuss the main alterations in the microbiome of gastroesophageal cancer, revealing its potential role in the pathogenesis, early detection, and treatment. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori plays a major role the development of a cascade of preneoplastic conditions ranging from atrophic gastritis to metaplasia and dysplasia, ultimately culminating in gastric cancer, while other pathogenic agents are Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus. Campylobacter species (spp.)'s role in the progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma may parallel that of Helicobacter pylori in the context of gastric cancer, with other esophageal carcinogenic agents being Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Moreover, gut microbiome could significantly alter the outcomes of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The gut microbiome can be modulated through interventions such as antibiotics, probiotics, or prebiotics intake. Fecal microbiota transplantation has emerged as a therapeutic strategy as well. CONCLUSIONS Nowadays, it is widely accepted that changes in the normal gut microbiome causing dysbiosis and immune dysregulation play a role gastroesophageal cancer. Different interventions, including probiotics and prebiotics intake are being developed to improve therapeutic outcomes and mitigate toxicities associated with anticancer treatment. Further studies are required in order to introduce the microbiome among the available tools of precision medicine in the field of anticancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Mascaretti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Salman Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Brooklyn Hospital Center, Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Daryl Ramai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Via Sforza 28, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Motamedi H, Ari MM, Shahlaei M, Moradi S, Farhadikia P, Alvandi A, Abiri R. Designing multi-epitope vaccine against important colorectal cancer (CRC) associated pathogens based on immunoinformatics approach. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:65. [PMID: 36829112 PMCID: PMC9951438 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It seems that several members of intestinal gut microbiota like Streptococcus bovis, Bacteroides fragilis, Helicobacter pylori, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius may be considered as the causative agents of Colorectal Cancer (CRC). The present study used bioinformatics and immunoinformatics approaches to design a potential epitope-based multi-epitope vaccine to prevent CRC with optimal population coverage. METHODS In this study, ten amino acid sequences of CRC-related pathogens were retrieved from the NCBI database. Three ABCpred, BCPREDS and LBtope online servers were considered for B cells prediction and the IEDB server for T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) prediction. Then, validation, allergenicity, toxicity and physicochemical analysis of all sequences were performed using web servers. A total of three linkers, AAY, GPGPG, and KK were used to bind CTL, HTL and BCL epitopes, respectively. In addition, the final construct was subjected to disulfide engineering, molecular docking, immune simulation and codon adaptation to design an effective vaccine production strategy. RESULTS A total of 19 sequences of different lengths for linear B-cell epitopes, 19 and 18 sequences were considered as epitopes of CD4+ T and CD8+ cells, respectively. The predicted epitopes were joined by appropriate linkers because they play an important role in producing an extended conformation and protein folding. The final multi-epitope construct and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were evaluated by molecular docking, which revealed stable and strong binding interactions. Immunity simulation of the vaccine showed significantly high levels of immunoglobulins, helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and INF-γ. CONCLUSION Finally, the results showed that the designed multi-epitope vaccine could serve as an excellent prophylactic candidate against CRC-associated pathogens, but in vitro and animal studies are needed to justify our findings for its use as a possible preventive measure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Motamedi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran ,grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marzie Mahdizade Ari
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Moradi
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parisa Farhadikia
- grid.412112.50000 0001 2012 5829Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amirhoushang Alvandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute,, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ramin Abiri
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. .,Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute,, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Are Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Carcinoma Associated with Helicobacter pylori? A Prospective Study and Meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies regarding the correlation between colorectal carcinoma, inflammatory bowel disease and Helicobacter pylori infection are inconsistent. The present study aims to investigate the association between colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with H. pylori status in 100 patients who have inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma was confirmed disease by histological approach. Besides, a meta-analysis was performed of published studies, to evaluate the link between H. pylori infection and an increased risk of CRC and IBD. Among 67 cases with CRA and 33 cases with IBD, 59.7% and 51.5% were H. pylori positive; respectively. In the meta-analysis, thirty-nine articles were included, involving 13 231 cases with CRC and 2477 with IBD. The pooled odds ratio for CRC and IBD was 1.16 (95%CI = 0.73-1.82) and 0.42 (95%CI = 0.32-0.56); respectively. Our meta-analysis indicates that H. pylori is not associated with CRC.
Collapse
|
4
|
Illescas O, Rodríguez-Sosa M, Gariboldi M. Mediterranean Diet to Prevent the Development of Colon Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Gut Microbiota Studies. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072234. [PMID: 34209683 PMCID: PMC8308215 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a common feature in colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Adoption of the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of multiple diseases, and one of its mechanisms of action is the modulation of the microbiota. We aimed to determine whether MD can be used as a preventive measure against cancer and inflammation-related diseases of the gut, based on its capacity to modulate the local microbiota. A joint meta-analysis of publicly available 16S data derived from subjects following MD or other diets and from patients with CRC, IBD, or other gut-related diseases was conducted. We observed that the microbiota associated with MD was enriched in bacteria that promote an anti-inflammatory environment but low in taxa with pro-inflammatory properties capable of altering intestinal barrier functions. We found an opposite trend in patients with intestinal diseases, including cancer. Some of these differences were maintained even when MD was compared to healthy controls without a defined diet. Our findings highlight the unique effects of MD on the gut microbiota and suggest that integrating MD principles into a person’s lifestyle may serve as a preventive method against cancer and other gut-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Illescas
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Miriam Rodríguez-Sosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla C.P. 54090, MEX, Mexico;
| | - Manuela Gariboldi
- Genetic Epidemiology and Pharmacogenomics Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), 20133 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-2-23902042
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
González MF, Díaz P, Sandoval-Bórquez A, Herrera D, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori Outer Membrane Vesicles and Extracellular Vesicles from Helicobacter pylori-Infected Cells in Gastric Disease Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094823. [PMID: 34062919 PMCID: PMC8124820 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived vesicles important in intercellular communication that play an essential role in host-pathogen interactions, spreading pathogen-derived as well as host-derived molecules during infection. Pathogens can induce changes in the composition of EVs derived from the infected cells and use them to manipulate their microenvironment and, for instance, modulate innate and adaptive inflammatory immune responses, both in a stimulatory or suppressive manner. Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide and infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered the main risk factor for developing this disease, which is characterized by a strong inflammatory component. EVs released by host cells infected with H. pylori contribute significantly to inflammation, and in doing so promote the development of disease. Additionally, H. pylori liberates vesicles, called outer membrane vesicles (H. pylori-OMVs), which contribute to atrophia and cell transformation in the gastric epithelium. In this review, the participation of both EVs from cells infected with H. pylori and H. pylori-OMVs associated with the development of gastric cancer will be discussed. By deciphering which functions of these external vesicles during H. pylori infection benefit the host or the pathogen, novel treatment strategies may become available to prevent disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda González
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Paula Díaz
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Alejandra Sandoval-Bórquez
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Daniela Herrera
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Andrew F. G. Quest
- Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Program of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBM), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile; (M.F.G.); (P.D.); (A.S.-B.); (D.H.)
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Corporación Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Crónicas (CECEC), Santiago 7680201, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-29786832
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hang DV, Minh DT, Hoc TH, Phuoc LH, Son TQ, Le NT. H. pylori Infection and Colorectal Cancers by Anatomical Locations. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2431-2437. [PMID: 32856875 PMCID: PMC7771948 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.8.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: H. pylori infection may play a role in the development of colorectal cancers (CRC). We aimed to examine the association between H. pylori infection and the risk of CRC by anatomical locations. Methods: We conducted a case-control study on 91 incidence cases of CRC and 224 hospital controls. CRC was determined by histopathological examinations. H. pylori IgG antibody in serum was tested. We collected data on the diet, nutrition, and lifestyle by the validated semi-quantitative food frequency and demographic lifestyle questionnaire. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (OR (95%CI) were estimated for CRC and its subgroups. Results: Overall 54.95% of CRC cases and 42.41% of the controls were H. pylori-seropositive, OR (95%CI): 1.56 (0.88, 2.74), p for trend=0.115. Positive dose-response association in quartiles, highest vs lowest, was observed for total CRC, OR (95%CI): 2.14 (1.00, 4.58), p for trend=0.049, for proximal colon, OR (95%CI): 1.52 (0.37, 6.25), p for trend=0.571), and for distal colon and rectum cancers combined, OR (95%CI): 2.38 (1.03, 5.50), p for trend=0.039. Conclusions: There is a positive association between H. pylori and colorectal cancers, especially distal colon and rectum cancers combined, but additional research is needed to determine the underlying mechanism of chronic H. pylori infection-induced CRC in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dao Viet Hang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Thi Minh
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Hieu Hoc
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Le Hong Phuoc
- Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Que Son
- Department of Surgery, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ngoan Tran Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam.,Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
The Neuropeptide System and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Mechanisms and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103494
expr 969553959 + 931886332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), classified as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, remains to be a clinical and research challenge. It is estimated that ~50% of CRC patients die from distant metastases, with treatment of this complication still posing significant difficulties. While liver metastasis (LM) cascade is known in the literature, its mechanisms are still unclear and remain studied in different research models. A connection is suggested between nervous system dysfunctions and a range of Neurotransmitters (Nts) (including Neuropeptides, NPs), Neurotrophins (Ntt) and their receptors (Rs) in CRC liver metastasis development. Studies on the role of NP/NP-Rs in the progression and metastasis of CRC, show the complexity of brain–tumor interactions, caused by their different forms of release to the extracellular environment (endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and neurocrine). Many stages of LM are connected to the activity of pro-inflammatory, e.g., Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Neurotensin (NT), anti-inflammatory, e.g., Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), CRHR2 and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) or dual role neuropeptides, e.g., Substance P (SP). The regulation of the local immunological profile (e.g., CRH/CRHRs), dysfunctions of enteroprotective role of NPs on epithelial cells (e.g., NT/NT-R), as well as structural-functional changes in enteric nervous system innervation of the tumor are also important. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of communication between the neurons and tumor cells. The knowledge on the mechanisms regulating tumor growth and different stages of metastasis, as well as effects of the action of a numerous group of Nts/NPs/Ntt as growth factors, have implications for future therapeutic strategies. To obtain the best treatment outcomes, it is important to use signaling pathways common for many NPs, as well to develop a range of broad-spectrum antagonists. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of neuroactive molecules in the promotion of the invasion-metastasis cascade in CRC, as well as the improvements of clinical management of CRC liver metastasis.
Collapse
|
8
|
The Neuropeptide System and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Mechanisms and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103494. [PMID: 32429087 PMCID: PMC7279011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), classified as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, remains to be a clinical and research challenge. It is estimated that ~50% of CRC patients die from distant metastases, with treatment of this complication still posing significant difficulties. While liver metastasis (LM) cascade is known in the literature, its mechanisms are still unclear and remain studied in different research models. A connection is suggested between nervous system dysfunctions and a range of Neurotransmitters (Nts) (including Neuropeptides, NPs), Neurotrophins (Ntt) and their receptors (Rs) in CRC liver metastasis development. Studies on the role of NP/NP-Rs in the progression and metastasis of CRC, show the complexity of brain–tumor interactions, caused by their different forms of release to the extracellular environment (endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and neurocrine). Many stages of LM are connected to the activity of pro-inflammatory, e.g., Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Neurotensin (NT), anti-inflammatory, e.g., Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), CRHR2 and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) or dual role neuropeptides, e.g., Substance P (SP). The regulation of the local immunological profile (e.g., CRH/CRHRs), dysfunctions of enteroprotective role of NPs on epithelial cells (e.g., NT/NT-R), as well as structural-functional changes in enteric nervous system innervation of the tumor are also important. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of communication between the neurons and tumor cells. The knowledge on the mechanisms regulating tumor growth and different stages of metastasis, as well as effects of the action of a numerous group of Nts/NPs/Ntt as growth factors, have implications for future therapeutic strategies. To obtain the best treatment outcomes, it is important to use signaling pathways common for many NPs, as well to develop a range of broad-spectrum antagonists. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of neuroactive molecules in the promotion of the invasion-metastasis cascade in CRC, as well as the improvements of clinical management of CRC liver metastasis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Larabi A, Barnich N, Nguyen HTT. Emerging Role of Exosomes in Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051111. [PMID: 32365813 PMCID: PMC7290936 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To communicate with each other, cells release exosomes that transfer their composition, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, to neighboring cells, thus playing a role in various pathophysiological processes. During an infection with pathogenic bacteria, such as adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) associated with Crohn disease, exosomes secreted by infected cells can have an impact on the innate immune responses of surrounding cells to infection. Furthermore, inflammation can be amplified via the exosomal shuttle during infection with pathogenic bacteria, which could contribute to the development of the associated disease. Since these vesicles can be released in various biological fluids, changes in exosomal content may provide a means for the identification of non-invasive biomarkers for infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases. Moreover, evidence suggests that exosomes could be used as vaccines to prime the immune system to recognize and kill invading pathogens, and as therapeutic components relieving intestinal inflammation. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of exosomes in bacterial infections and highlight their potential use as biomarkers, vaccines and conveyers of therapeutic molecules in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang F, Xu YL, Zhu RF. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of colorectal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Minerva Med 2019; 110:464-470. [PMID: 31368293 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.05942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that is colonized in the stomach. H. pylori infection can lead to a series of stomach diseases. However, the relationship between H. pylori infection and colorectal cancer is currently controversial. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to further understand the relationship between H. pylori infection and colorectal cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We conducted a comprehensive retrieval from electronic databases, included the PubMed, Medline, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform databases (Wanfang Databases) through May 1st, 2018. We used the search terms H. pylori and colorectal cancer or colorectal carcinoma and collected all relevant studies to explore the association between H. pylori infection and colorectal cancer. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Twenty-seven studies including 14357 cases were included. H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. A pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.27 with a 95% CI of 1.17-1.37 (P<0.001) was calculated by using a fixed-effects model (I2=45.5%, P=0.006). The subgroup analysis revealed that H. pylori infection was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer in the subgroups of Western countries (OR=1.34, 95% CI: 1.14-1.57) (P<0.001), serological testing (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.08-1.34) (P=0.001), multiple methods of testing (OR=2.63, 95% CI: 1.09-6.31) (P=0.031), cross-sectional studies (OR=1.92, 95% CI: 1.17-3.16) (P=0.010) and case-control studies (OR 1.26, 95% CI: 1.16-1.36) (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present meta-analysis provides evidence suggests that a positive association between H. pylori infection and the risk of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Ying-Lu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China
| | - Ren-Fei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Third People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong, China -
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University and Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Meira Epplein
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University and Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Helicobacter pylori infection coexisting with intestinal metaplasia is not associated with colorectal neoplasms. GASTROENTEROLOGY REVIEW 2019; 14:133-139. [PMID: 31616528 PMCID: PMC6791137 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2019.85897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world and our country. Studies have indicated that there might be a relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and colorectal neoplasia (CN), although others have not found any relationship. Aim To determine whether there is a potential relationship between Hp and CN in our patients. Material and methods A total of 314 patients, aged 16–86 years, who underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy at our department between 2015 and 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. The age, gender, endoscopy results, presence of Hp, complete blood count (CBC), vitamin B12, folic acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), and sedimentation levels of the patients were examined. Results CBC, ferritin, vitamin B12, and CRP measurements did not show statistical significance in terms of the presence of Hp (p > 0.05). Folate values of Hp-positive patients were significantly lower than Hp-negative patients (p = 0.007; p < 0.01). No significant relationship was detected between Hp and colon cancer (p > 0.05). Adenomatous polyps were not related to Hp (p > 0.05). Correlation between intestinal metaplasia (IM) and adenomatous polyps was insignificant. There was no statistically significant difference between colon and gastric pathology results. Conclusions In our study, no significant relationship was noted between Hp and CN. A few studies have been conducted in our country, and our results are consistent with some of these studies while it is contradictory to others. Large populational multicentre studies are needed in order to identify the relationship between Hp and CN.
Collapse
|
13
|
Exploring the impact of Helicobacter pylori on gut microbiome composition. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218274. [PMID: 31211818 PMCID: PMC6581275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to colonize gastric mucosa, induce inflammation, and alter gastric microbiota resulting in a spectrum of gastric diseases. Likewise, changes in gut microbiota have recently been linked with various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. While extensive number of studies were published examining the relationship between H. pylori and gastric microbiota, little is known about the impact of H. pylori on downstream gut microbiota. In this study, we performed 16 S rRNA and ITS2-based microbial profiling analysis of 60 stool samples from adult individuals. Remarkably, the gut microbiota of H. pylori infected individuals was shown to be increased of members belonging to Succinivibrio, Coriobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae. Moreover, gut microbiota of H. pylori infected individuals was shown to have increased abundance of Candida glabrata and other unclassified Fungi. These results links possible role for H. pylori-associated changes in the gut microbiota in intestinal mucosal barrier disruption and early stage colorectal carcinoma deployment. Altogether, the identified differences in bacterial and fungal composition provides important information that may eventually lead to the development of novel biomarkers and more effective management strategies.
Collapse
|
14
|
Butt J, Varga MG, Blot WJ, Teras L, Visvanathan K, Le Marchand L, Haiman C, Chen Y, Bao Y, Sesso HD, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Ho GY, Tinker LE, Peek RM, Potter JD, Cover TL, Hendrix LH, Huang LC, Hyslop T, Um C, Grodstein F, Song M, Zeleniuch-Jacquotte A, Berndt S, Hildesheim A, Waterboer T, Pawlita M, Epplein M. Serologic Response to Helicobacter pylori Proteins Associated With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Diverse Populations in the United States. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:175-186.e2. [PMID: 30296434 PMCID: PMC6309494 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Previous studies reported an association of the bacteria Helicobacter pylori, the primary cause of gastric cancer, and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, these findings have been inconsistent, appear to vary with population characteristics, and may be specific for virulence factor VacA. To more thoroughly evaluate the potential association of H pylori antibodies with CRC risk, we assembled a large consortium of cohorts representing diverse populations in the United States. METHODS We used H pylori multiplex serologic assays to analyze serum samples from 4063 incident cases of CRC, collected before diagnosis, and 4063 matched individuals without CRC (controls) from 10 prospective cohorts for antibody responses to 13 H pylori proteins, including virulence factors VacA and CagA. The association of seropositivity to H pylori proteins, as well as protein-specific antibody level, with odds of CRC was determined by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Overall, 40% of controls and 41% of cases were H pylori-seropositive (odds ratio [OR], 1.09; 95% CI, 0.99-1.20). H pylori VacA-specific seropositivity was associated with an 11% increased odds of CRC (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01-1.22), and this association was particularly strong among African Americans (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08-1.95). Additionally, odds of CRC increased with level of VacA antibody in the overall cohort (P = .008) and specifically among African Americans (P = .007). CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of a large consortium of cohorts representing diverse populations, we found serologic responses to H pylori VacA to associate with increased risk of CRC risk, particularly for African Americans. Future studies should seek to understand whether this marker is related to virulent H pylori strains carried in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Butt
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (; ; )
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, and Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Suite 602, Durham, NC 27705, USA ()
| | - Matthew G. Varga
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School for Global Public Health and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, 2102E McGavran Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA ()
| | - William J. Blot
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Avenue Nashville, TN 37203, USA ()
| | - Lauren Teras
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA (; )
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ()
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA ()
| | - Christopher Haiman
- University of Southern California and USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA ()
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA (; )
| | - Ying Bao
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA (; )
| | - Howard D. Sesso
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA (; )
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA (; )
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA ()
| | - Gloria Y.F. Ho
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, NY 11021 USA ()
| | - Lesley E. Tinker
- Cancer Prevention Program, Division of Public Health Sciences at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle, WA 98109 USA ()
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, 1030C MRB IV (1025C), Nashville, TN 37232 USA, ()
| | - John D. Potter
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue, Seattle WA 98109 USA ()
| | - Timothy L. Cover
- Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN USA ()
| | - Laura H. Hendrix
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705 USA (; )
| | - Li-Ching Huang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203 USA ()
| | - Terry Hyslop
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, and Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Suite 602, Durham, NC 27705, USA ()
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Durham, NC 27705 USA (; )
| | - Caroline Um
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, 250 Williams St, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA (; )
| | - Francine Grodstein
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA (; )
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 667 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA (; )
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 USA ()
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 USA, ()
| | - Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016 USA (; )
| | - Sonja Berndt
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room SG/6E102, Rockville, MD 20850 USA (; )
| | - Allan Hildesheim
- Infections and Immunoepidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room SG/6E102, Rockville, MD 20850 USA (; )
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (; ; )
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infection and Cancer Epidemiology, Division of Molecular Diagnostics of Oncogenic Infections, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany (; ; )
| | - Meira Epplein
- Cancer Control and Population Sciences Program, Duke Cancer Institute, and Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, 2424 Erwin Road, Suite 602, Durham, NC 27705, USA ()
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to colonize gastric mucosa, induce inflammation, and alter gastric microbiota resulting in a spectrum of gastric diseases. Likewise, changes in gut microbiota have recently been linked with various metabolic and inflammatory diseases. While extensive number of studies were published examining the relationship between H. pylori and gastric microbiota, little is known about the impact of H. pylori on downstream gut microbiota. In this study, we performed 16 S rRNA and ITS2-based microbial profiling analysis of 60 stool samples from adult individuals. Remarkably, the gut microbiota of H. pylori infected individuals was shown to be increased of members belonging to Succinivibrio, Coriobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Rikenellaceae. Moreover, gut microbiota of H. pylori infected individuals was shown to have increased abundance of Candida glabrata and other unclassified Fungi. These results links possible role for H. pylori-associated changes in the gut microbiota in intestinal mucosal barrier disruption and early stage colorectal carcinoma deployment. Altogether, the identified differences in bacterial and fungal composition provides important information that may eventually lead to the development of novel biomarkers and more effective management strategies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Mendonça LABM, Dos Santos Ferreira R, de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães R, de Castro AP, Franco OL, Matias R, Carvalho CME. The Complex Puzzle of Interactions Among Functional Food, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:325. [PMID: 30234008 PMCID: PMC6133950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer exerts a strong influence on the epidemiological panorama worldwide, and it is directly correlated to etiologic factors that are substantiated by genetic and environmental elements. This complex mixture of factors also has a relationship involving the structural dependence and composition of the gut microbiome, leading to a dysbacteriosis process that may evolve to serious modifications in the intestinal lining, eventually causing the development of a neoplasm. The gastrointestinal tract presents defense strategies and immunological properties that interfere in intestinal permeability, inhibiting the bacterial translocation, thus maintaining the integrity of intestinal homeostasis. The modulation of the intestinal microbiome and the extinction of risk factors associated with intestinal balance losses, especially of environmental factors, make cell and defense alterations impossible. This modulation may be conducted by means of functional foods in the diet, especially soluble fibers, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants and prebiotics that signal immunomodulatory effects in the intestinal microbiota, with preventive and therapeutic action for colorectal cancer. In summary, this review focuses on the importance of dietary modulation of the intestinal microbiota as an instrument for dysbacteriosis and, consequently, for the prevention of colorectal cancer, suggesting anticarcinogenic, and antiangiogenic properties. Among the intestinal modulating agents considered here are functional foods, especially flaxseed, oat and soy, composing a Bioactive Food Compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia A B M Mendonça
- S-Inova Biotech Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Dos Santos Ferreira
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Post Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Alinne P de Castro
- S-Inova Biotech Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Octávio L Franco
- S-Inova Biotech Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Center of Proteomic and Biochemical Analysis, Post Graduate Program in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Matias
- Post Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences and Agricultural Sustainability, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Environment and Regional Development, University Anhanguera Uniderp, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M E Carvalho
- S-Inova Biotech Post Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Catholic University Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Environment and Regional Development, University Anhanguera Uniderp, Campo Grande, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Colonic Abnormalities in Manitoban Children with Helicobacter pylori Gastritis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2018; 2018:6840390. [PMID: 29805445 PMCID: PMC5902056 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6840390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and colonic pathology is underinvestigated. The aim of this work was to examine the prevalence and nature of colonic changes in children diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis. Methods A comprehensive retrospective review of the medical records for all Manitoban children (≤17 years) diagnosed with H. pylori gastritis from January 1996 to May 2015 was conducted. Children with H. pylori gastritis who had colonoscopy were identified. Patients' demographics, indications for colonoscopy, laboratory and endoscopic findings, and colonic histopathological abnormalities were documented. Results A total of 231 children were found to have H. pylori gastritis. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.3 ± 4.1 years; 108 (46.6%) were girls. Of the 231 patients, 37 (16%) patients were found to have colonoscopy performed. Indications for colonoscopy included bleeding per rectum, significant weight loss, and hypoalbuminemia. Twenty-two (59%) of 37 children who had colonoscopy had significant endoscopic and histopathological findings on colonoscopy including polyposis and colitis. Boys with colonic changes were diagnosed at an earlier age compared to those without (11.5 ± 7.0 versus 15.0 ± 2.0, p < 0.049). Conclusions Our study may suggest a possible association between H. pylori and a subset of colonic changes in children.
Collapse
|
18
|
Polakovicova I, Jerez S, Wichmann IA, Sandoval-Bórquez A, Carrasco-Véliz N, Corvalán AH. Role of microRNAs and Exosomes in Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr Virus Associated Gastric Cancers. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:636. [PMID: 29675003 PMCID: PMC5895734 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that chronic inflammation caused by pathogen infection is connected to the development of various types of cancer. It is estimated that up to 20% of all cancer deaths is linked to infections and inflammation. In gastric cancer, such triggers can be infection of the gastric epithelium by either Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium present in half of the world population; or by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a double-stranded DNA virus which has recently been associated with gastric cancer. Both agents can establish lifelong inflammation by evolving to escape immune surveillance and, under certain conditions, contribute to the development of gastric cancer. Non-coding RNAs, mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), influence the host innate and adaptive immune responses, though long non-coding RNAs and viral miRNAs also alter these processes. Reports suggest that chronic infection results in altered expression of host miRNAs. In turn, dysregulated miRNAs modulate the host inflammatory immune response, favoring bacterial survival and persistence within the gastric mucosa. Given the established roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and innate immunity, they may serve as an important link between H. pylori- and EBV-associated inflammation and carcinogenesis. Example of this is up-regulation of miR-155 in H. pylori and EBV infection. The tumor environment contains a variety of cells that need to communicate with each other. Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, allow these cells to deliver certain type of information to other cells promoting cancer growth and metastasis. Exosomes have been shown to deliver not only various types of genetic information, mainly miRNAs, but also cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), a major H. pylori virulence factor. In addition, a growing body of evidence demonstrates that exosomes contain genetic material of viruses and viral miRNAs and proteins such as EBV latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) which are delivered into recipient cells. In this review, we focus on the dysregulated H. pylori- and EBV-associated miRNAs while trying to unveil possible causal mechanisms. Moreover, we discuss the role of exosomes as vehicles for miRNA delivery in H. pylori- and EBV-related carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Polakovicova
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Center for Investigational Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sofia Jerez
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio A Wichmann
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Center for Investigational Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Nicolás Carrasco-Véliz
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro H Corvalán
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,UC Center for Investigational Oncology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Hematology-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Javanmard A, Ashtari S, Sabet B, Davoodi SH, Rostami-Nejad M, Esmaeil Akbari M, Niaz A, Mortazavian AM. Probiotics and their role in gastrointestinal cancers prevention and treatment; an overview. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2018; 11:284-295. [PMID: 30425806 PMCID: PMC6204245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancers of the gastrointestinal (GI) track are a serious global health problem. The human GI tract is home to trillions of microorganisms that known as gut microbiota and have established a symbiotic relationship with the host. The human intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the development of the gut immune system, metabolism, nutrition absorption, production of short-chain fatty acids and essential vitamins, resistance to pathogenic microorganisms, and modulates a normal immunological response. Microbiota imbalance has been involved in many disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, asthma, psychiatric illnesses, and cancers. Oral administration of probiotics seems to play a protective role against cancer development as a kind of functional foods. Moreover, clinical application of probiotics has shown that some probiotic strains can reduce the incidence of post-operative inflammation in cancer patients. In the present narrative review, we carried out update knowledge on probiotic effects and underlying mechanism to GI cancers. Currently, it is accept that most commercial probiotic products are generally safe and can used as a supplement for cancer prevention and treatment. Nevertheless, well-designed, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled human studies are required to gain the acceptance of the potential probiotics as an alternative therapy for cancer control..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Javanmard
- Student Research Committee, Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Ashtari
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Babak Sabet
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Food Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Amir Mohammad Mortazavian
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is a multifactorial disease involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. In addition, increased evidence has established a role for the intestinal microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer. Indeed, changes in the intestinal microbiota composition in colorectal cancer patients compared to control subjects have been reported. Several bacterial species have been shown to exhibit the pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic properties, which could consequently have an impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. This review will summarize the current knowledge about the potential links between the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer, with a focus on the pro-carcinogenic properties of bacterial microbiota such as induction of inflammation, the biosynthesis of genotoxins that interfere with cell cycle regulation and the production of toxic metabolites. Finally, we will describe the potential therapeutic strategies based on intestinal microbiota manipulation for colorectal cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécily Lucas
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.
| | - Hang Thi Thu Nguyen
- M2iSH, UMR 1071 Inserm, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRA USC 2018, Clermont-Ferrand 63001, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Qing Y, Wang M, Lin YM, Wu D, Zhu JY, Gao L, Liu YY, Yin TF. Correlation between Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric diseases and colorectal neoplasia. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4576-4584. [PMID: 27182167 PMCID: PMC4858639 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i18.4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric diseases and colorectal neoplasia.
METHODS: Patients included in this study underwent a colonoscopy and esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (EGD) along with histopathological measurement between March 2012 and March 2015 at Qi-Lu Hospital of Shandong University, who also had results of H. pylori detection. A total of 233 cases were selected. Demographic data, H. pylori infection status (including results of rapid urease tests and gastric mucosa pathological examinations) and histopathological examination results of gastric and colorectal mucosa were gathered and analyzed. The statistical analysis focused on the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms among patients with various histopathological categories of the stomach. ORs and their 95%CI were calculated to describe the strengths of the associations.
RESULTS: The incidence rates of colorectal adenoma without high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIEN) (OR = 2.400, 95%CI: 0.969-5.941), adenoma with HGIEN (5.333, 1.025-27.758) and adenocarcinoma (1.455, 0.382-5.543) were all higher for patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis than for those in the control group. The incidence rate of colorectal adenoma with HGIEN (3.218, 0.767-13.509) was higher in patients with intestinal metaplasia than in the control group, while the incidence rates of adenoma without HGIEN (0.874, 0.414-1.845) and adenocarcinoma (0.376, 0.096-1.470) were lower in the intestinal metaplasia group than in the control group. The incidence rate of colorectal adenoma without HGIEN (3.111, 1.248-7.753) was significantly higher in the gastric intraepithelial neoplasia group than in the control group, while the rates of adenoma with HGIEN (1.481, 0.138-15.941) and adenocarcinoma (2.020, 0.561-7.272) were higher in the gastric intraepithelial neoplasia group. Incidence rates of colorectal adenoma without HGIEN (1.067, 0.264-4.314), adenoma with HGIEN (2.667, 0.231-30.800) and adenocarcinoma (2.182, 0.450-10.585) were all higher in the gastric adenocarcinoma group than in the control group.
CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection as well as H. pylori-associated gastric diseases are risk factors for colorectal neoplasia.
Collapse
|
22
|
Papastergiou V, Karatapanis S, Georgopoulos SD. Helicobacter pylori and colorectal neoplasia: Is there a causal link? World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:649-658. [PMID: 26811614 PMCID: PMC4716066 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ever since Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) was recognized as an infectious cause of gastric cancer, there has been increasing interest in examining its potential role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Data from case-control and cross-sectional studies, mostly relying on hospital-based samples, and several meta-analyses have shown a positive statistical relationship between H. pylori infection and colorectal neoplasia. However, the possibility exists that the results have been influenced by bias, including the improper selection of patients and disparities with respect to potential confounders. While the evidence falls short of a definitive causal link, it appears that infection with H. pylori/H. pylori-related gastritis is associated with an increased, although modest, risk of colorectal adenoma and cancer. The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for this association remain uncertain. H. pylori has been detected in colorectal malignant tissues; however, the possibility that H. pylori is a direct activator of colonic carcinogenesis remains purely hypothetical. On the other hand, experimental data have indicated a series of potential oncogenic interactions between these bacteria and colorectal mucosa, including induction and perpetuation of inflammatory responses, alteration of gut microflora and release of toxins and/or hormonal mediators, such as gastrin, which may contribute to tumor formation.
Collapse
|
23
|
Shimoda A, Ueda K, Nishiumi S, Murata-Kamiya N, Mukai SA, Sawada SI, Azuma T, Hatakeyama M, Akiyoshi K. Exosomes as nanocarriers for systemic delivery of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 26739388 DOI: 10.10.38/srep18346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CagA, encoded by cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen involved in the development of upper gastrointestinal diseases. Infection with cagA-positive H. pylori may also be associated with diseases outside the stomach, although the mechanisms through which H. pylori infection promotes extragastric diseases remain unknown. Here, we report that CagA is present in serum-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, in patients infected with cagA-positive H. pylori (n = 4). We also found that gastric epithelial cells inducibly expressing CagA secrete exosomes containing CagA. Addition of purified CagA-containing exosomes to gastric epithelial cells induced an elongated cell shape, indicating that the exosomes deliver functional CagA into cells. These findings indicated that exosomes secreted from CagA-expressing gastric epithelial cells may enter into circulation, delivering CagA to distant organs and tissues. Thus, CagA-containing exosomes may be involved in the development of extragastric disorders associated with cagA-positive H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Division of Biosciences, Functional Proteomics Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, CREST hall 1F, Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sada-Atsu Mukai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shimoda A, Ueda K, Nishiumi S, Murata-Kamiya N, Mukai SA, Sawada SI, Azuma T, Hatakeyama M, Akiyoshi K. Exosomes as nanocarriers for systemic delivery of the Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18346. [PMID: 26739388 PMCID: PMC4703974 DOI: 10.1038/srep18346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CagA, encoded by cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, a gastric pathogen involved in the development of upper gastrointestinal diseases. Infection with cagA-positive H. pylori may also be associated with diseases outside the stomach, although the mechanisms through which H. pylori infection promotes extragastric diseases remain unknown. Here, we report that CagA is present in serum-derived extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes, in patients infected with cagA-positive H. pylori (n = 4). We also found that gastric epithelial cells inducibly expressing CagA secrete exosomes containing CagA. Addition of purified CagA-containing exosomes to gastric epithelial cells induced an elongated cell shape, indicating that the exosomes deliver functional CagA into cells. These findings indicated that exosomes secreted from CagA-expressing gastric epithelial cells may enter into circulation, delivering CagA to distant organs and tissues. Thus, CagA-containing exosomes may be involved in the development of extragastric disorders associated with cagA-positive H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asako Shimoda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Division of Biosciences, Functional Proteomics Center, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, the University of Tokyo, CREST hall 1F, Institute of Medical Science, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shin Nishiumi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Naoko Murata-Kamiya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sada-Atsu Mukai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chu-o-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masanori Hatakeyama
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), The Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology (ERATO), Bio-nanotransporter Project, Katsura Int'tech Center, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Shao Y, Sun K, Xu W, Li XL, Shen H, Sun WH. Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrin and cyclooxygenase-2 in gastric carcinogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12860-12873. [PMID: 25278683 PMCID: PMC4177468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most frequent neoplasms and a main cause of death worldwide, especially in China and Japan. Numerous epidemiological, animal and experimental studies support a positive association between chronic Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the development of gastric cancer. However, the exact mechanism whereby H. pylori causes gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. It has been demonstrated that expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is elevated in gastric carcinomas and in their precursor lesions. In this review, we present the latest clinical and experimental evidence showing the role of gastrin and COX-2 in H. pylori-infected patients and their possible association with gastric cancer risk.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancers of the gastrointestinal tract account for 25 % of all cancers and for 9 % of all causes of cancer death in the world, so gastrointestinal cancers represent a major health problem. In the past decades, an emerging role has been attributed to the interactions between the gastrointestinal content and the onset of neoplasia. METHODS Thus, exogenous microbial administration of peculiar bacterial strains (probiotics) has been suggested as having a profound influence on multiple processes associated with a change in cancer risk. Probiotics are mono or mixed cultures of live microorganisms that might beneficially affect the host by improving the characteristics of indigenous microflora. Although the effects of probiotic administration has been intensively investigated in vitro, in animal models, in healthy volunteers, and in some human gastrointestinal diseases, very little is still known about the possible cross-interactions among probiotic administration, changes of intestinal flora, and the neoplastic transformation of gastrointestinal mucosa. RESULTS Theoretically, probiotics are able to reduce cancer risk by a number of mechanisms: (a) binding and degradation of potential carcinogens; (b) quantitative, qualitative and metabolic alterations of the intestinal microflora; (c) production of anti-tumorigenic or anti-mutagenic compounds; (d) competitive action towards pathogenic bacteria; (e) enhancement of the host's immune response; (f) direct effects on cell proliferation. CONCLUSION This review will attempt to highlight the literature on the most widely recognized effects of probiotics against neoplastic transformation of gastrointestinal mucosa and in particular on their effects on cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Orlando
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry, National Institute for Digestive Diseases, IRCCS S de Bellis, Via Turi 27, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Epplein M, Pawlita M, Michel A, Peek RM, Cai Q, Blot WJ. Helicobacter pylori protein-specific antibodies and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:1964-74. [PMID: 24045925 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is biologic plausibility as to why infection with Helicobacter pylori, the leading cause of gastric cancer, may also increase the risk of colorectal cancer, but the epidemiologic findings have been inconsistent. We assessed the association of H. pylori protein-specific infection and colorectal cancer risk in the prospective cohort, the Southern Community Cohort Study. METHODS Multiplex serology was used to measure antibodies to 15 H. pylori proteins in prediagnostic blood among 188 incident colorectal cancer cases and 370 controls matched by age, race, sex, and blood collection timing. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Overall H. pylori prevalence was not associated with colorectal cancer risk (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.59-1.77). However, seropositivity to any of five specific H. pylori proteins (VacA, HP231, HP305, NapA, and HcpC) was associated with a significant 60% to 80% increase in odds of risk. These associations became even stronger when limited to colon cancer risk, particularly for the known H. pylori toxin VacA (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.22-4.11), including a significant, positive dose-response association by VacA antibody levels in quartiles (P < 0.05). Associations with VacA seropositivity were especially strong for early-onset and late-stage cancers. CONCLUSIONS The findings raise the hypothesis that individuals with high levels of antibodies to specific H. pylori proteins may be at higher risk of colon cancer. IMPACT Further investigation of the H. pylori-colorectal cancer association is warranted to determine the possibility of protein-specific antibody levels as a risk biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meira Epplein
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, and Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine and Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland; and Division of Genome Modifications and Carcinogenesis, Infection and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DFKZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Antonic V, Stojadinovic A, Kester KE, Weina PJ, Brücher BLDM, Protic M, Avital I, Izadjoo M. Significance of infectious agents in colorectal cancer development. J Cancer 2013; 4:227-40. [PMID: 23459622 PMCID: PMC3584836 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major burden to healthcare systems worldwide accounting for approximately one million of new cancer cases worldwide. Even though, CRC mortality has decreased over the last 20 years, it remains the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for approximately 600,000 deaths in 2008 worldwide. A multitude of risk factors have been linked to CRC, including hereditary factors, environmental factors and inflammatory syndromes affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, various pathogens were added to the growing list of risk factors for a number of common epithelial cancers, but despite the multitude of correlative studies, only suggestions remain about the possible relationship between selected viruses and bacteria of interest and the CRC risk. United States military service members are exposed to various risk factors impacting the incidence of cancer development. These exposures are often different from that of many sectors of the civilian population. Thereby, cancer risk identification, screening and early detection are imperative for both the military health care beneficiaries and the population as a whole. In this review, we will focus on several pathogens and their potential roles in development of CRC, highlighting the clinical trials evaluating this correlation and provide our personal opinion about the importance of risk reduction, health promotion and disease prevention for military health care beneficiaries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vlado Antonic
- 1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 2. Diagnostics and Translational Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- 3. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Stojadinovic
- 1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 3. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 4. Department of Surgery, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 5. United States Military Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kent E. Kester
- 1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 7. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Peter J Weina
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 7. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Björn LDM Brücher
- 8. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA, USA
- 9. International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy®
| | - Mladjan Protic
- 5. United States Military Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 10. INCORE, International Consortium of Research Excellence of the Theodor-Billroth-Academy, Munich, Germany
- 11. Clinic of Abdominal, Endocrine, and Transplantation Surgery, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- 12. University of Novi Sad - Medical Faculty, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Itzhak Avital
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 8. Bon Secours Cancer Institute, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mina Izadjoo
- 1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 2. Diagnostics and Translational Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
- 3. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- 6. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|