1
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Surówka A, Żołnierczuk M, Prowans P, Grabowska M, Kupnicka P, Markowska M, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Szlosser Z, Wilk A, Szumilas K, Kędzierska-Kapuza K. The Effects of Chronic Immunosuppressive Treatment on Morphological Changes in Cardiac Tissue and the Balance between Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) and Their Inhibitors in the Rat Heart. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4468. [PMID: 38674053 PMCID: PMC11049927 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Using different three-drug immunosuppressive treatment regimens in a rat model, we aimed to determine the effects of long-term therapy on metalloproteinase-2 and metalloproteinase-9 activity and the expression of their inhibitors, as well as to assess the morphology of the animals' cardiac tissue. Our results suggest that chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs disrupts the balance between the activity of MMPs and TIMPs. Depending on the type of drug regimen used, this leads to abnormalities in the cardiac structure, collagen fiber accumulation, or cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. The information obtained in the present study allows us to conclude that the chronic treatment of rats with the most common clinical immunosuppressive regimens may contribute to abnormalities in the myocardial structure and function. The results presented in this study may serve as a prelude to more in-depth analyses and additional research into the optimal selection of an immunosuppressive treatment with the lowest possible risk of cardiovascular complications for patients receiving organ transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Surówka
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Żołnierczuk
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Surgery and Angiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Prowans
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Grabowska
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Markowska
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 109 Military Hospital, 71-422 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Zbigniew Szlosser
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wilk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Kamila Szumilas
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw, 137 Woloska St., 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Surówka A, Prowans P, Żołnierczuk M, Miśkiewicz M, Wawrowski T, Skodda M, Markowska M, Kędzierska-Kapuza K. The Effect of Calcineurin Inhibitors on MMPs Activity in Heart and Their Side Effects-A Review of Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10291. [PMID: 37373446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the role of metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of myocardial injury in various disease entities. It reveals how the expression and serum levels of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors change in many disease states. At the same time, the study offers a review of the impact of immunosuppressive treatment on this relationship. Modern immunosuppressive treatment is based mainly on the use of calcineurin inhibitors, including cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. The use of these drugs may carry a number of side effects, specifically to the cardiovascular system. The scale and degree of long-term influence on the organism remains unclear, but a significant risk of complications for transplant recipients who take immunosuppressive drugs as part of their daily treatment is to be expected. Therefore, the knowledge on this subject should be expanded and the negative effects of post-transplant therapy minimized. Immunosuppressive therapy plays an important role in the expression and activation of tissue metalloproteinases and their specific inhibitors, which leads to many tissue changes. The presented study is a collection of research results on the effects of calcineurin inhibitors on the heart, with particular emphasis placed on the participation of MMP-2 and MMP-9. It is also an analysis of the effects of specific heart diseases on myocardial remodeling through inductive or inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Surówka
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Piotr Prowans
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Michał Żołnierczuk
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marek Miśkiewicz
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wawrowski
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marika Skodda
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Markowska
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 109 Military Hospital, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karolina Kędzierska-Kapuza
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, National Medical Institute of the Ministry of Interior Affairs and Administration, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery and Transplantology, Centre of Postgraduate, Medical Education in Warsaw, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
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3
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Chen R, Sun Y, Lv J, Dou X, Dai M, Sun S, Lin Y. Effects of Dexmedetomidine on Immune Cells: A Narrative Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:829951. [PMID: 35586059 PMCID: PMC9108424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.829951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As we all know, dexmedetomidine (DEX), as a highly selective α2 adrenergic receptor agonist, exerts sedative, anti-anxiety and hypnotic effects by inhibiting the discharge of norepinephrine neurons in locus coeruleus and GABA-related hypnotic pathways. However, the role of DEX in anti-inflammatory and immune regulation has gradually attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. The α2 adrenergic receptor is one of the members of the adrenergic receptor family, which is widely present in a variety of immune cells and mediates the biological behavior of the inflammatory immune system. At present, there have been more and more studies on the effects of DEX on immune cells and inflammatory responses, but few studies have systematically explored the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of DEX. Here, we comprehensively review the published human and animal studies related to DEX, summarize the effects of DEX on immune cells and its role in related diseases, and propose potential research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Lv
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoke Dou
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maosha Dai
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shujun Sun
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shujun Sun, ; Yun Lin,
| | - Yun Lin
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Shujun Sun, ; Yun Lin,
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4
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Sobot NM, Sobot TS, Jeremic JN, Bolevich SB, Bolevich SS, Mitrovic SL, Fisenko VP, Inic SG, Samanovic ADM, Rankovic MR, Srejovic IM, Zivkovic VI, Jakovljevic VL. Minocycline as heart conditioning agent in experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus - an antibacterial drug in heart protection. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:429-444. [PMID: 35113200 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, and among them certainly myocardial infarction, remain leading cause of death worldwide. Diabetes increases risk of occurrence as well as adverse outcome of myocardial infarction. Conditioning maneuvers are the most attractive method for alleviating both the consequences of ischemia and reperfusion. Minocycline is a tetracycline derivative which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the protective ability of preconditioning and postconditioning of isolated hearts from healthy and rats with experimentally induced type 2 diabetes with minocycline on functional recovery and redox status after ischemia and reperfusion. The hearts from healthy and diabetic rats were excised and retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique. Using sensor in the left ventricle, the cardiodynamic parameters were recorded and in the samples of the coronary venous effluent oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed. Minocycline was injected directly into the coronary vessels, in preconditioning 5 min before global ischemia, and in postconditioning during the first 5 min of reperfusion. Results of this study clearly show beneficial effects of minocycline applied both before ischemia and in the first minutes of reperfusion fashion in both healthy and diabetic rat hearts. The most prominent protective effect regarding oxidative stress is related to the decreased production of superoxide anion radical due postconditioning with minocycline in diabetic hearts. Cardiodynamic parameters were significantly improved in minocycline conditioned groups. Superoxide anion radical stands out as the most susceptible to changes induced by minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola M Sobot
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska, Dvanaest beba st. bb, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tanja S Sobot
- Department of Physiology, University of Banja Luka, Save Mrkalja st. 14, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jovana N Jeremic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sergey B Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Stefani S Bolevich
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Slobodanka Lj Mitrovic
- Department of Pathology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir P Fisenko
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Sofija G Inic
- University of Pristina With Temporary Headquarters in Kosovksa Mitrovica Anri Dinana St. Bb, 38220, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
| | | | - Marina R Rankovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan M Srejovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir I Zivkovic
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Lj Jakovljevic
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University, Trubetskaya st. 8, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Department of Physiology, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovica st. 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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5
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Regulation of collagen deposition in the trout heart during thermal acclimation. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:99-108. [PMID: 35243359 PMCID: PMC8857596 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The passive mechanical properties of the vertebrate heart are controlled in part by the composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Changes in the ECM, caused by increased blood pressure, injury or disease can affect the capacity of the heart to fill with blood during diastole. In mammalian species, cardiac fibrosis caused by an increase in collagen in the ECM, leads to a loss of heart function and these changes in composition are considered to be permanent. Recent work has demonstrated that the cardiac ventricle of some fish species have the capacity to both increase and decrease collagen content in response to thermal acclimation. It is thought that these changes in collagen content help maintain ventricle function over seasonal changes in environmental temperatures. This current work reviews the cellular mechanisms responsible for regulating collagen deposition in the mammalian heart and proposes a cellular pathway by which a change in temperature can affect the collagen content of the fish ventricle through mechanotransduction. This work specifically focuses on the role of transforming growth factor β1, MAPK signaling pathways, and biomechanical stretch in regulating collagen content in the fish ventricle. It is hoped that this work increases the appreciation of the use of comparative models to gain insight into phenomenon with biomedical relevance.
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6
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Medeiros NI, Gomes JAS, Fiuza JA, Sousa GR, Almeida EF, Novaes RO, Rocha VLS, Chaves AT, Dutra WO, Rocha MOC, Correa-Oliveira R. MMP-2 and MMP-9 plasma levels are potential biomarkers for indeterminate and cardiac clinical forms progression in chronic Chagas disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14170. [PMID: 31578449 PMCID: PMC6775161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in chronic Chagas disease is to understand the mechanisms that predict the clinical evolution from asymptomatic to severe cardiac clinical forms. Our cohort consisted of twenty-eight Chagas disease patients followed for twenty years. Plasma levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinases and TIMPs were evaluated by multiplexed immunoassay at two points in time with an average interval of six years. MMP-2 plasma levels, but not MMP-9, increased in cardiac patients over time. TIMP-1 levels diminished in cardiac patients, while TIMP-3 dropped in asymptomatic patients in the course of the evaluated interval. An inversion of time lines was observed relative to the clinical asymptomatic and cardiac forms for MMP-2. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified MMP-2 as a biomarker to distinguish asymptomatic from cardiac clinical forms, while MMP-9 is a biomarker that segregates infected from non-infected patients. We have pointed out that MMP-2 and MMP-9 together can predict clinical evolution in Chagas disease. MMP-2 was suggested as a biomarker for fibrosis replacement in early remodeling and a sensitive predictor for initial changes in asymptomatic patients that may evolve into the cardiac clinical form. MMP-9 seems to be a biomarker for late fibrosis and severe cardiac remodeling in cardiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara I Medeiros
- Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana A S Gomes
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jacqueline A Fiuza
- Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Giovane R Sousa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliane F Almeida
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata O Novaes
- Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Virgínia L S Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana T Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walderez O Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais - INCT-DT, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Manoel O C Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais - INCT-DT, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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7
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Beutel B, Song J, Konken CP, Korpos E, Schinor B, Gerwien H, Vidyadharan R, Burmeister M, Li L, Haufe G, Sorokin L. New in Vivo Compatible Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 Inhibitors. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3715-3725. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Beutel
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jian Song
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Paul Konken
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Eva Korpos
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schinor
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hanna Gerwien
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Reshma Vidyadharan
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Miriam Burmeister
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lixia Li
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Günter Haufe
- Organic Chemistry Institute, University of Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lydia Sorokin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence, University of Münster, Waldeyerstraße 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
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8
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Medeiros NI, Gomes JAS, Correa-Oliveira R. Synergic and antagonistic relationship between MMP-2 and MMP-9 with fibrosis and inflammation in Chagas' cardiomyopathy. Parasite Immunol 2017; 39. [PMID: 28543409 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is the most important clinical manifestation in the chronic phase of Chagas' disease because of its frequency, severity and impact on morbidity and mortality. The extracellular matrix degradation during cardiac remodeling in Trypanosoma cruzi infection is driven by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), primarily the MMP-2 and MMP-9 gelatinases. MMPs also regulate some molecules related to inflammation, such as growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. The involvement of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is not yet fully understood in Chagas' disease. It has been proposed that the gelatinases may have opposite effect on inflammation/regulation and cardiac remodeling. MMP-2 would participate in regulation, offering a protective role for cardiac damage in asymptomatic patients and would be a good marker for the initiation of changes in the heart. On the other hand, MMP-9 can be used as a marker for serious changes on the heart and would be associated with inflammation and fibrosis. Here, we consolidate all characteristics involving MMP-2 and MMP-9 in Chagas' disease based on current studies to clarify their participation on the inflammation/regulation and fibrosis, and the synergistic or antagonistic role between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Medeiros
- Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.,Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - J A S Gomes
- Departamento de Morfologia, Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - R Correa-Oliveira
- Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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9
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Riaz S, Zeidan A, Mraiche F. Myocardial proteases and cardiac remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3244-3250. [PMID: 28255990 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH), characterized by the enlargement of cardiomyocytes, fibrosis and apoptosis, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the advances in cardiovascular research, there remains a need to further investigate the signaling pathways that mediate CH in order to identify novel therapeutic targets. One of the hallmarks of CH is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Multiple studies have shown an important role of cysteine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the remodeled heart. This review focuses on the role of cysteine cathepins and MMPs in cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Riaz
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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10
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Hékimian G, Franchineau G, Bréchot N, Schmidt M, Nieszkowska A, Besset S, Luyt CE, Combes A. Diagnostic et prise en charge des myocardites. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-017-1273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Abstract
Acute myocarditis must be considered in patients with recent onset of cardiac failure or arrhythmia. Fulminant myocarditis is a distinct entity characterized by sudden onset of severe congestive heart failure or cardiogenic shock, usually following a flu-like illness, parvovirus B19, human herpesvirus 6, coxsackie virus and adenovirus being the most frequently viruses responsible for the disease. In this setting, early recognition of patients rapidly progressing to refractory cardiac failure and their immediate transfer to a medical-surgical center experienced in mechanical circulatory support is warranted. Treatment of acute myocarditis relies on conventional heart failure therapy. Immunosuppression of autoreactive myocarditis or immuno-stimulants such as interferons for chronic viral myocarditis could be of interest but their potential therapeutic role requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hékimian
- Service de réanimation médicale, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - A Combes
- Service de réanimation médicale, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
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12
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Shultz RB, Zhong Y. Minocycline targets multiple secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:702-713. [PMID: 28616020 PMCID: PMC5461601 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.206633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Minocycline hydrochloride (MH), a semi-synthetic tetracycline derivative, is a clinically available antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug that also exhibits potent neuroprotective activities. It has been shown to target multiple secondary injury mechanisms in spinal cord injury, via its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. The secondary injury mechanisms that MH can potentially target include inflammation, free radicals and oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, calcium influx, mitochondrial dysfunction, ischemia, hemorrhage, and edema. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of the multifaceted actions of MH. Its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects are partially achieved through conserved mechanisms such as modulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways as well as inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Additionally, MH can directly inhibit calcium influx through the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, mitochondrial calcium uptake, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) enzymatic activity, and iron toxicity. It can also directly scavenge free radicals. Because it can target many secondary injury mechanisms, MH treatment holds great promise for reducing tissue damage and promoting functional recovery following spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Shultz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Properties and Immune Function of Cardiac Fibroblasts. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1003:35-70. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57613-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Ma YD, Thiyagarajan V, Tsai MJ, Lue SI, Chia YC, Shyue SK, Weng CF. Pyrogallol abates VSMC migration via modulation of Caveolin-1, matrix metalloproteinase and intima hyperplasia in carotid ligation mouse. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 48:63-75. [PMID: 27768988 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to intimal hyperplasia and other vascular diseases. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) has been recognized as a proliferative inhibitor of VSMCs and is likely to be an important regulator of VSMC migration. The underlying mechanism of pyrogallol on the VSMC migration is not fully understood. This study attempted to dissect the role of Cav-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in VSMC migration and to investigate the effect of pyrogallol on VSMC mobility during carotid artery ligation mice. The mRNA expression of MMP-3 and MMP-13 was down-regulated in cultured VSMC prepared from Cav-1-deficient (Cav-1 KO) mice whereas MMP-14 expression was up-regulated. Pyrogallol effectively inhibited the migration of Cav-1 KO VSMC by promoting the expression of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-2. Pyrogallol also inhibited the migration of Cav-1 wild type (WT) VSMC, however, by increasing TIMP-1 expression and repressing MMP-2 activity. In a parallel in vivo study, intra-peritoneal (ip) of pyrogallol to carotid artery ligated mice significantly suppressed intima formation in mice carotid artery. Furthermore, the proMMP-9 activity in pyrogallol-treated mice serum significantly increased from Day 0 to Day 2 and decreased from Day 2 to Day 7 in a time-dependent manner. In addition, WT mice treated with pyrogallol had significantly reduced neointima formation, whereas no differences were observed in Cav-1 knock out (KO) mice. These results suggest that pyrogallol not only inhibited VSMC migration but also effectively diminishes the severity of neointima hyperplasia, implying that pyrogallol possesses potential anti-atherogenic effects for the treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Ma
- Department of Life Science and the Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Varadharajan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Life Science and the Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - May-Jywan Tsai
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-I Lue
- Department of Life Science and the Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Chia
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Tajen University, Ping Tung Hsien, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and the Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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The Immune System in Tissue Environments Regaining Homeostasis after Injury: Is "Inflammation" Always Inflammation? Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:2856213. [PMID: 27597803 PMCID: PMC4997018 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2856213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a response to infections or tissue injuries. Inflammation was once defined by clinical signs, later by the presence of leukocytes, and nowadays by expression of "proinflammatory" cytokines and chemokines. But leukocytes and cytokines often have rather anti-inflammatory, proregenerative, and homeostatic effects. Is there a need to redefine "inflammation"? In this review, we discuss the functions of "inflammatory" mediators/regulators of the innate immune system that determine tissue environments to fulfill the need of the tissue while regaining homeostasis after injury.
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Frati A, Ricci B, Pierucci F, Nistri S, Bani D, Meacci E. Role of sphingosine kinase/S1P axis in ECM remodeling of cardiac cells elicited by relaxin. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 29:53-67. [PMID: 25415609 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The initiation and progression of heart failure is linked to adverse cardiac remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during disease mainly through the deregulation of myocardial metalloproteinases (MMPs). Relaxin (RLX), a peptide hormone acting as a physiological cardiac effector, is a key regulator of ECM remodeling in reproductive and nonreproductive tissues. Studying primary cultures of mouse cardiac muscle cells and rat H9c2 cardiomyoblasts, we have obtained evidence for a new signaling pathway activated by RLX to induce ECM remodeling that involves the bioactive sphingolipids sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide. In both cell populations, recombinant human RLX increased sphingosine kinase activity and S1P formation, whereas sphingomyelin and ceramide content were decreased in [(3)H]serine-labeled cells. According to the literature, RLX promoted MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression/release. Pharmacological inhibition of sphingolipid metabolism and silencing of sphingosine kinase 1, the enzyme responsible for S1P formation, were able to prevent MMP expression/release elicited by the hormone and induce the expression of tissue inhibitor of MMPs. In addition, we found that sphingolipid signaling is required for the regulation of connective tissue growth factor, a member of the CCN 1-3 family of genes that are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Finally, the induction of cardiomyoblast maturation induced by RLX was also found to be counteracted by inhibition of S1P formation. In conclusion, these findings provide a novel mechanism by which RLX acts on cardiac ECM remodeling and cardiac cell differentiation and offer interesting therapeutic options to prevent heart fibrosis and to favor myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Frati
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental, and Clinical Sciences (A.F., B.R., F.P., E.M.), Research Unit of Biochemistry, and Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine (S.N., D.B.), Research Unit of Histology and Embryology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Walters ET. Neuroinflammatory contributions to pain after SCI: roles for central glial mechanisms and nociceptor-mediated host defense. Exp Neurol 2014; 258:48-61. [PMID: 25017887 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is common, often intractable, and can be severely debilitating. A number of mechanisms have been proposed for this pain, which are discussed briefly, along with methods for revealing SCI pain in animal models, such as the recently applied conditioned place preference test. During the last decade, studies of animal models have shown that both central neuroinflammation and behavioral hypersensitivity (indirect reflex measures of pain) persist chronically after SCI. Interventions that reduce neuroinflammation have been found to ameliorate pain-related behavior, such as treatment with agents that inhibit the activation states of microglia and/or astroglia (including IL-10, minocycline, etanercept, propentofylline, ibudilast, licofelone, SP600125, carbenoxolone). Reversal of pain-related behavior has also been shown with disruption by an inhibitor (CR8) and/or genetic deletion of cell cycle-related proteins, deletion of a truncated receptor (trkB.T1) for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or reduction by antisense knockdown or an inhibitor (AMG9810) of the activity of channels (TRPV1 or Nav1.8) important for electrical activity in primary nociceptors. Nociceptor activity is known to drive central neuroinflammation in peripheral injury models, and nociceptors appear to be an integral component of host defense. Thus, emerging results suggest that spinal and systemic effects of SCI can activate nociceptor-mediated host defense responses that interact via neuroinflammatory signaling with complex central consequences of SCI to drive chronic pain. This broader view of SCI-induced neuroinflammation suggests new targets, and additional complications, for efforts to develop effective treatments for neuropathic SCI pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar T Walters
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX, USA.
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Roura S, Cal R, Gálvez-Montón C, Revuelta-Lopez E, Nasarre L, Badimon L, Bayes-Genis A, Llorente-Cortés V. Inverse relationship between raft LRP1 localization and non-raft ERK1,2/MMP9 activation in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: potential impact in ventricular remodeling. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:805-14. [PMID: 25131918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM) is characterized by adverse ventricular remodeling attributed to altered activity of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). MMP overactivation is linked to changes in extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), reportedly modulated by the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor. The aim of this work was to compare the levels, membrane distribution and interactions of LRP1, ERK1,2 and MMP2/9 in control and IDCM myocardium. METHODS Left ventricle samples from IDCM patients and control subjects were collected to analyze gene and protein expression by Real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. Fractions enriched in cholesterol, Flotillin-1 and Caveolin-3 (rafts) were isolated from the remaining membrane (non-rafts) by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. We assessed the formation of LRP1-ERK1,2 complexes and MMP activity by immunoprecipitation and zymography, respectively. RESULTS In control myocardium, LRP1 was exclusively found in non-rafts while activation of ERK1,2 was preferentially detected in rafts. LRP1/p-ERK1,2 complexes were almost undetectable in rafts and non-rafts. In contrast, in IDCM myocardium, LRP1 moved to rafts and ERK1,2 activation was found in raft and non-raft fractions. Moreover, LRP1/p-ERK1,2 complexes were also found in both membrane fractions, although the amount was higher in non-rafts where MMP9 overactivation was exclusively detected. CONCLUSIONS The presented findings demonstrate a differential membrane compartmentalisation of ERK signaling in IDCM myocardium. The movement of LRP1 to rafts and the concomitant increase in non-raft-related ERK1,2/MMP9 activation may have crucial clinical implications in the progression of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Roura
- ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Roi Cal
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gálvez-Montón
- ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Elena Revuelta-Lopez
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- ICREC Research Program, Fundació Institut d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Cardiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-UAB, Barcelona, Spain.
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Abstract
On average, every four minutes an individual dies from a stroke, accounting for 1 out of every 18 deaths in the United States. Approximately 795,000 Americans have a new or recurrent stroke each year, with just over 600,000 of these being first attack [1]. There have been multiple animal models of stroke demonstrating that novel therapeutics can help improve the clinical outcome. However, these results have failed to show the same outcomes when tested in human clinical trials. This review will discuss the current in vivo animal models of stroke, advantages and limitations, and the rationale for employing these animal models to satisfy translational gating items for examination of neuroprotective, as well as neurorestorative strategies in stroke patients. An emphasis in the present discussion of therapeutics development is given to stem cell therapy for stroke.
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Rajashekhar G, Shivanna M, Kompella UB, Wang Y, Srinivas SP. Role of MMP-9 in the breakdown of barrier integrity of the corneal endothelium in response to TNF-α. Exp Eye Res 2014; 122:77-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Van Linthout S, Miteva K, Tschöpe C. Crosstalk between fibroblasts and inflammatory cells. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:258-69. [PMID: 24728497 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts, which are traditionally recognized as a quiescent cell responsible for extracellular matrix production, are more and more appreciated as an active key player of the immune system. This review describes how fibroblasts and immune cells reciprocally influence the pathogenesis of fibrosis. An overview is given how fibroblasts are triggered by components of the innate and adaptive immunity on the one hand and how fibroblasts modulate immune cell behaviour via conditioning the cellular and cytokine microenvironment on the other hand. Finally, latest insights into the role of cardiac fibroblasts in the orchestration of inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart, and their impact on heart failure, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, Campus Virchow Clinic, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
It is believed that cardiac remodeling due to geometric and structural changes is a major mechanism for the progression of heart failure in different pathologies including hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. Increases in the activities of proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, calpains, cathepsins, and caspases contribute to the process of cardiac remodeling. In addition to modifying the extracellular matrix, both matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins have been shown to affect the activities of subcellular organelles in cardiomyocytes. The activation of calpains and caspases has been identified to induce subcellular remodeling in failing hearts. Proteolytic activities associated with different proteins including caspases, calpain, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system have been shown to be involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which is an integral part of cardiac remodeling. This article discusses and compares how the activities of various proteases are involved in different cardiac abnormalities with respect to alterations in apoptotic pathways, cardiac remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. An imbalance appears to occur between the activities of some proteases and their endogenous inhibitors in various types of hypertrophied and failing hearts, and this is likely to further accentuate subcellular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. The importance of inhibiting the activities of both extracellular and intracellular proteases specific to distinct etiologies, in attenuating cardiac remodeling and apoptosis as well as biochemical changes of subcellular organelles, in heart failure has been emphasized. It is suggested that combination therapy to inhibit different proteases may prove useful for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Leib C, Katus HA, Kaya Z. Cholinergic control of inflammation in cardiovascular diseases. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2012; 23:46-51. [PMID: 23266154 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A neuroimmunological reflexive signaling pathway with potent anti-inflammatory capacity has been discovered recently. Within this so called cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway the vagus nerve plays a central role in both signal integration and signal output, by measuring and influencing levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our group has recently shown that parasympathomimetic stimulation of the vagus nerve has the potential to inhibit inflammatory processes in experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Although vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to be protective in several inflammatory diseases, its potential as a therapeutic strategy has not been studied extensively in clinical settings. In this review we will discuss general molecular mechanisms of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway with emphasis on autoimmune myocarditis. Furthermore, clinical and experimental studies that investigate the role of vagus nerve stimulation in cardiovascular diseases will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Leib
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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A therapeutic approach to treat cardiovascular dysfunction of diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:847-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Matsumoto Y, Niimi N, Kohyama K. Characterization of fibrosis-promoting factors and siRNA-mediated therapies in C-protein-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Cell Immunol 2012; 279:70-7. [PMID: 23099153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Due to poor proliferation abilities of cardiomyocytes, the repair process in the heart after insults is often associated with fibrosis formation. In this study, we characterized inflammation and/or fibrosis-related molecules in the heart with experimental autoimmune carditis. Immunohistochemical examinations reveled that expression of tenascin-C (TNC), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), transforming growth factorβ1 (TGF-β1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α smooth muscle cell actin (αSMA) peaked at 2 weeks post-immunization but only TGF-β1 expression was sustained at 8 weeks. Administration of siRNAs for MMP-2 (siMMP-2) and for MMP-9 (siMMP-9) alone did not modulate inflammation and fibrosis. In contrast, simultaneous administration of siMMP-2 and siMMP-9 significantly reduced inflammation and fibrosis. Of note, siRNA treatment for TGF-β1, which is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, increased inflammation and decreased fibrosis. These findings suggest that in case of diseases characterized by initial inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, immunotherapies should target inflammation, not fibrosis, because the latter therapies exacerbate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan.
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Suzuki JI, Ogawa M, Hishikari K, Watanabe R, Takayama K, Hirata Y, Nagai R, Isobe M. Novel effects of macrolide antibiotics on cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Ther 2011; 30:301-7. [PMID: 22136572 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5922.2011.00303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrolide antibiotics are broadly used for the treatment of various microbial infections. However, they are also known to have multiple biologic effects, such as alteration of inflammatory factors and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because of controversial results in clinical trials, the effects of macrolides on cardiovascular diseases are still to be elucidated. It has been reported that MMP activity is upregulated in various cardiovascular diseases, such as myocarditis, cardiac transplant rejection and myocardial infarction. However, little is known about the effects of macrolides on cardiovascular diseases. We have reported that clarithromycin suppressed the development of myocarditis, cardiac rejection and myocardial ischemia using animal models. In this article, we reviewed the roles of MMPs in cardiovascular diseases and the effects of macrolides on the prevention of adverse tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Suzuki
- Department of Advanced Clinical Science and Therapeutics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Human matrix metalloproteinases: an ubiquitarian class of enzymes involved in several pathological processes. Mol Aspects Med 2011; 33:119-208. [PMID: 22100792 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2011.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to the M10 family of the MA clan of endopeptidases. They are ubiquitarian enzymes, structurally characterized by an active site where a Zn(2+) atom, coordinated by three histidines, plays the catalytic role, assisted by a glutamic acid as a general base. Various MMPs display different domain composition, which is very important for macromolecular substrates recognition. Substrate specificity is very different among MMPs, being often associated to their cellular compartmentalization and/or cellular type where they are expressed. An extensive review of the different MMPs structural and functional features is integrated with their pathological role in several types of diseases, spanning from cancer to cardiovascular diseases and to neurodegeneration. It emerges a very complex and crucial role played by these enzymes in many physiological and pathological processes.
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Liu W, Li S, Tian W, Li W, Zhang Z. Immunoregulatory effects of α-GalCer in a murine model of autoimmune myocarditis. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:636-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yoon JJ, Lee YJ, Kim JS, Kang DG, Lee HS. Betulinic acid inhibits high glucose-induced vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation and migration. J Cell Biochem 2011; 111:1501-11. [PMID: 20872792 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells may perform a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diabetic vascular disease. The principal objective of this study was to determine the effects of betulinic acid (BA) on human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation induced by high glucose (HG). In this study, [(3) H]-thymidine incorporation under 25 mM HG was accelerated significantly as compared with 5.5 mM glucose, and this increase was inhibited significantly by BA treatment. We utilized Western blotting analysis to evaluate the effects of BA on cell-cycle regulatory proteins. HG induced the expression of cyclins/CDKs and reduced the expression of p21(waf1/cip1) /p27(kip1). However, BA also attenuated the expression of HG-induced cell-cycle regulatory proteins. The results of gelatin zymography demonstrated that the HG-treated HASMC secreted gelatinases, probably including MMP-2/-9, which may be involved in the invasion and migration of HASMC. Additionally, BA suppressed the protein and mRNA expression levels of MMP-2/-9 in a dose-dependent manner. BA inhibited the production of HG-induced hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the formation of DCF-sensitive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, BA suppressed the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of IκB-α of NF-κB under HG conditions. Our results showed that BA exerts multiple effects on HG-induced HASMC proliferation and migration, including the inhibition of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 transcription, protein activity, and the downregulation of ROS/NF-κB signaling, thereby suggesting that BA may be a possible therapeutic approach to the inhibition of diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Joo Yoon
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Chonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea
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31
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Niimi N, Kohyama K, Kamei S, Matsumoto Y. Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy prevents development of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppresses activation of matrix metalloproteinases. Neuropathology 2010; 31:392-400. [PMID: 21175863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2010.01183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been reported to improve the status of expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and reduce the annual relapse rate, some studies did not find its beneficial effects. In the present study, using an animal model for MS, we found that prophylactic, but not therapeutic, treatment successfully suppressed the disease development. During the search for factors involved in the disease suppression by IVIG, we obtained evidence suggesting that IVIG exerts its function, at least in part, by suppressing activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and -9. Gelatin zymography revealed that gelatinase activities were suppressed by IVIG treatment in the spinal cord, but not in plasma. This finding raises the possibility that IVIG blocks MMP activities at the interface between the blood stream and CNS. With in situ zymography, we also observed that gelatinase activities were expressed mainly in astrocytes in the inflamed spinal cord of control rats and that this expression was attenuated by the treatment. These findings provide useful information to set optimal conditions for IVIG treatment of MS and to obtain more beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Niimi
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo, Japan
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Baldeviano GC, Barin JG, Talor MV, Srinivasan S, Bedja D, Zheng D, Gabrielson K, Iwakura Y, Rose NR, Cihakova D. Interleukin-17A is dispensable for myocarditis but essential for the progression to dilated cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2010; 106:1646-55. [PMID: 20378858 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.109.213157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE One-third of myocarditis cases progresses to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), but the mechanisms controlling this process are largely unknown. CD4(+) T helper (Th)17 cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, but the role of Th17-produced cytokines during inflammation-induced cardiac remodeling has not been previously studied. OBJECTIVE We examined the importance of interleukin (IL)-17A in the progression of myocarditis to DCM using a mouse model. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunization of mice with myocarditogenic peptide in complete Freund's adjuvant induced the infiltration of IL-17A-producing Th17 cells into the inflamed heart. Unexpectedly, IL-17A-deficient mice developed myocarditis with similar incidence and severity compared to wild-type mice. Additionally, IL-17A deficiency did not ameliorate the severe myocarditis of interferon (IFN)gamma-deficient mice, suggesting that IL-17A plays a minimal role during acute myocarditis. In contrast, IL-17A-deficient mice were protected from postmyocarditis remodeling and did not develop DCM. Flow cytometric and cytokine analysis revealed an important role for IL-17A in heart-specific upregulation of IL-6, TNFalpha, and IL-1beta and the recruitment of CD11b(+) monocyte and Gr1(+) granulocyte populations into the heart. Furthermore, IL-17A-deficient mice had reduced interstitial myocardial fibrosis, downregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and decreased gelatinase activity. Treatment of BALB/c mice with anti-IL-17A monoclonal antibody administered after the onset of myocarditis abrogated myocarditis-induced cardiac fibrosis and preserved ventricular function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal a critical role for IL-17A in postmyocarditis cardiac remodeling and the progression to DCM. Targeting IL-17A may be an attractive therapy for patients with inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Christian Baldeviano
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kupai K, Szucs G, Cseh S, Hajdu I, Csonka C, Csont T, Ferdinandy P. Matrix metalloproteinase activity assays: Importance of zymography. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2010; 61:205-9. [PMID: 20176119 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases capable of degrading extracellular matrix, including the basement membrane. MMPs are associated with various physiological processes such as morphogenesis, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. Moreover, due to the novel non-matrix related intra- and extracellular targets of MMPs, dysregulation of MMP activity has been implicated in a number of acute and chronic pathological processes, such as arthritis, acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammation, and cancer metastasis. MMPs are considered as viable drug targets in the therapy of the above diseases. METHODS For the development of selective MMP inhibitor molecules, reliable methods are necessary for target validation and lead development. Here, we discuss the major methods used for MMP assays, focusing on substrate zymography. We highlight some problems frequently encountered during sample preparations, electrophoresis, and data analysis of zymograms. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Zymography is a widely used technique to study extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes, such as MMPs, from tissue extracts, cell cultures, serum or urine. This simple and sensitive technique identifies MMPs by the degradation of their substrate and by their molecular weight and therefore helps to understand the widespread role of MMPs in different pathologies and cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kupai
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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McQuibban GA, Gong JH, Tam EM, McCulloch CA, Clark-Lewis I, Overall CM. Inflammation dampened by gelatinase A cleavage of monocyte chemoattractant protein-3. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2000; 48:222-72. [PMID: 10947989 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.770819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tissue degradation by the matrix metalloproteinase gelatinase A is pivotal to inflammation and metastases. Recognizing the catalytic importance of substrate-binding exosites outside the catalytic domain, we screened for extracellular substrates using the gelatinase A hemopexin domain as bait in the yeast two-hybrid system. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3) was identified as a physiological substrate of gelatinase A. Cleaved MCP-3 binds to CC-chemokine receptors-1, -2, and -3, but no longer induces calcium fluxes or promotes chemotaxis, and instead acts as a general chemokine antagonist that dampens inflammation. This suggests that matrix metalloproteinases are both effectors and regulators of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A McQuibban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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