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Haghmorad D, Soltanmohammadi A, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Yazdanpanah E, Shadab A, Yousefi B. The protective role of interaction between vitamin D, sex hormones and calcium in multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2024; 134:735-753. [PMID: 36369838 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2147431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that causes disability and paralysis, especially among young adults. Although interactions of several factors, such as viral infections, autoimmunity, genetic and environmental factors, performance a role in the beginning and progression of the disease, the exact cause of MS is unknown to date. Different immune cells such as Th1 and Th17 play an impressive role in the immunopathogenesis of MS, while, regulatory cells such as Th2 and Treg diminish the severity of the illness. Sex hormones have a vital role in many autoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Testosterone, estrogen and progesterone have various roles in the progress of MS, which higher prevalence of disease in women and more severe in men reveals the importance of sex hormones' role in this disease. Vitamin D after chemical changes in the body, as an active hormone called calcitriol, plays an important role in regulating immune responses and improves MS by modulating the immune system. The optimum level of calcium in the body with vitamin D modulates immune responses and calcium as an essential ion in the body plays a key role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. The interaction between vitamin D and sex hormones has protective and therapeutic effects against MS and functional synergy between estrogen and calcitriol occurs in disease recovery. Moreover, vitamin D and calcium interact with each other to regulate the immune system and shift them to anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alireza Shadab
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Li J, Tian S, Ci B, Xi Y, Deng X. Serum vitamins and homocysteine levels in autoimmune liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1258. [PMID: 38652023 PMCID: PMC11037259 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vitamins and homocysteine (Hcy) are involved in liver metabolism and related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease (AILD), but consensus is lacking. This study aims to systematically summarize relevant evidence to clarify the association of serum vitamins and Hcy levels with AILD. METHODS The English and Chinese literature was searched until August 29, 2023. Studies were included if they were observational studies of investigating serum vitamins and Hcy levels in patients with AILD and their healthy comparisons. Quality assessment was performed by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and a meta-analysis was conducted using ReviewManager 5.3. The protocol was registered in the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO), with registration number CRD42023455367. RESULTS A total of 25 case-control studies comprising 3487 patients (1673 patients and 1814 healthy controls) were included for analysis. There were 548 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) cases, 1106 primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) cases, and 19 primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) cases. We found that serum A and E were decreased in both AIH and PBC/PSC; but vitamin C was reduced only in patients with PBC, not AIH. In addition, decreased content of 25(OH)D3 was found in both AIH and PBC. However, levels of 25(OH)D did not differ between the patients and controls, and were independent of disease types and the country. Only one study that met the inclusion criteria reported vitamin B6, B9, B12, and Hcy changes, and found that vitamin B6 and B9 were significantly decreased in patients with PBC, while serum vitamin B12 and Hcy levels were significantly elevated in them. One eligible study each confirmed a reduction in plasma vitamin K1 and 1,25(OH)2D3 in patients with PBC. CONCLUSION Most vitamins are deficient in AILD, so appropriate vitamin supplementation should be necessary. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Shan Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Bai Ci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuwen Xi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Dhayat NA, Mattmann C, Seeger H, Ritter A, Ernandez T, Stoermann-Chopard C, Buchkremer F, Segerer S, Roth B, Wuerzner G, Wagner CA, Bonny O, Popp AW, Vogt B, Bargagli M, Fuster DG. The Vitamin D Metabolite Diagnostic Ratio Associates With Phenotypic Traits of Idiopathic Hypercalciuria. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1072-1082. [PMID: 38765596 PMCID: PMC11101794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Underlying mechanisms for hypercalciuria remain unknown in most cases; thus, the designation "idiopathic." We hypothesized that the vitamin D-inactivating enzyme, CYP24A1 contributes to the pathogenesis of hypercalciuria in kidney stone formers. Methods We conducted association analyses between CYP24A1 activity, estimated by the vitamin D metabolite diagnostic ratio (25(OH) vitamin D3/total 24,25 (OH)2 vitamin D ratio; VMDR), and the phenotype of participants in 2 observational cohorts of kidney stone formers, the Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort (SKSC) and the Bern Kidney Stone Registry (BKSR). Circulating 25(OH)- and 24,25 (OH)2 vitamin D were quantified using a validated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry assay. Results A total of 974 participants were included in the analysis. We found a positive association of VMDR (and hence negative association of CYP24A1 activity) with total (β 0.009 mmol/l; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.016; P = 0.02) and ionized plasma calcium (β 0.005 mmol/l; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.008; P < 0.01), absolute and fractional excretion of urinary calcium (β 0.054 mmol/24h; 95% CI: 0.010, 0.097; P = 0.02 and β 0.046%; 95% CI: 0.018, 0.074; P < 0.01, respectively). Further, VMDR was associated with an increased likelihood of forming calcium oxalate dihydrate stones (Odds ratio [OR] 1.64; 95% CI: 1.22, 2.35; P < 0.01) and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) at the femoral neck (β -0.005 g/cm2; 95% CI: -0.010, -0.001; P = 0.04). The described associations became stronger when the analysis was confined to idiopathic calcium stone formers. Conclusion Our study reveals that CYP24A1 activity, estimated by VMDR, is associated with clinical traits previously linked to idiopathic hypercalciuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A. Dhayat
- B. Braun Medical Care AG, Nephrology and Dialysis Care Center, Hochfelden, Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Mattmann
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Harald Seeger
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ritter
- Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ernandez
- Service of Nephrology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stephan Segerer
- Division of Nephrology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Beat Roth
- Department of Urology, Lausanne University Hospital, CHUV, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Urology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gregoire Wuerzner
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carsten A. Wagner
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology and Hypertension, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Service of Nephrology, Fribourg State Hospital and University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Albrecht W. Popp
- Department of Osteoporosis, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Vogt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Bargagli
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel G. Fuster
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research Kidney.CH, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Tsuji A, Yoshikawa S, Morikawa S, Ikeda Y, Taniguchi K, Sawamura H, Asai T, Matsuda S. Potential tactics with vitamin D and certain phytochemicals for enhancing the effectiveness of immune-checkpoint blockade therapies. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:460-473. [PMID: 37455830 PMCID: PMC10344894 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies targeting immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4) are revolutionizing oncology. However, its effectiveness is limited in part due to the loss of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Interestingly, supplementation of vitamin D could abolish the repressive effect of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on CD8+ T cells, which might prevent the lymphocytopenia. In addition, vitamin D signaling could contribute to the differentiation of T-regulatory (Treg) cells associated with the expression of Treg markers such as forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) and CTLA-4. Furthermore, vitamin D may be associated with the stimulation of innate immunity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and estrogen receptor (ESR) signaling, and even the signaling from phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway could have inhibitory roles in carcinogenesis possibly via the modulation of immune checkpoint molecules. In some cases, certain small molecules including vitamin D could be a novel therapeutic modality with a promising potential for the better performance of immune checkpoint blockade cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Tsuji
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yoshikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Sae Morikawa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Yuka Ikeda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kurumi Taniguchi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Haruka Sawamura
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Tomoko Asai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Satoru Matsuda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya-Nishimachi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Cutolo M, Smith V, Paolino S, Gotelli E. Involvement of the secosteroid vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and COVID-19. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:265-287. [PMID: 36977791 PMCID: PMC10043872 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Evidence supporting the extra-skeletal role of vitamin D in modulating immune responses is centred on the effects of its final metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, also known as calcitriol), which is regarded as a true steroid hormone. 1,25(OH)2D3, the active form of vitamin D, can modulate the innate immune system in response to invading pathogens, downregulate inflammatory responses and support the adaptive arm of the immune system. Serum concentrations of its inactive precursor 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3, also known as calcidiol) fluctuate seasonally (being lowest in winter) and correlate negatively with the activation of the immune system as well as with the incidence and severity of autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. Thus, a low serum concentration of 25(OH)D3 is considered to be a risk factor for autoimmune rheumatic diseases and vitamin D3 supplementation seems to improve the prognosis; moreover, long-term vitamin D3 supplementation seems to reduce their incidence (i.e. rheumatoid arthritis). In the setting of COVID-19, 1,25(OH)2D3 seems to downregulate the early viral phase (SARS-CoV-2 infection), by enhancing innate antiviral effector mechanisms, as well as the later cytokine-mediated hyperinflammatory phase. This Review provides an update of the latest scientific and clinical evidence concerning vitamin D and immune response in autoimmune rheumatic diseases and COVID-19, which justify the need for monitoring of serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations and for appropriate supplementation following clinical trial-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova-IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Smith
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Paolino
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova-IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gotelli
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Academic Division of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties (DiMI), University of Genova-IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy
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Mata-Greenwood E, Westenburg HCA, Zamudio S, Illsley NP, Zhang L. Decreased Vitamin D Levels and Altered Placental Vitamin D Gene Expression at High Altitude: Role of Genetic Ancestry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3389. [PMID: 36834800 PMCID: PMC9967090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude hypoxia challenges reproduction; particularly in non-native populations. Although high-altitude residence is associated with vitamin D deficiency, the homeostasis and metabolism of vitamin D in natives and migrants remain unknown. We report that high altitude (3600 m residence) negatively impacted vitamin D levels, with the high-altitude Andeans having the lowest 25-OH-D levels and the high-altitude Europeans having the lowest 1α,25-(OH)2-D levels. There was a significant interaction of genetic ancestry with altitude in the ratio of 1α,25-(OH)2-D to 25-OH-D; with the ratio being significantly lower in Europeans compared to Andeans living at high altitude. Placental gene expression accounted for as much as 50% of circulating vitamin D levels, with CYP2R1 (25-hydroxylase), CYP27B1 (1α-hydroxylase), CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase), and LRP2 (megalin) as the major determinants of vitamin D levels. High-altitude residents had a greater correlation between circulating vitamin D levels and placental gene expression than low-altitude residents. Placental 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase and vitamin D receptor were upregulated at high altitude in both genetic-ancestry groups, while megalin and 24-hydroxylase were upregulated only in Europeans. Given that vitamin D deficiency and decreased 1α,25-(OH)2-D to 25-OH-D ratios are associated with pregnancy complications, our data support a role for high-altitude-induced vitamin D dysregulation impacting reproductive outcomes, particularly in migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Mata-Greenwood
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hans C. A. Westenburg
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Stacy Zamudio
- Placental Research Group LLC, Maplewood, NJ 07040, USA
| | | | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
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Abstract
The ubiquity of vitamin D metabolising enzymes and vitamin D receptors in mammalian organisms suggests that vitamin D has pleiotropic effects. There are quite a few studies indicating the anticancer, cardioprotective and antidiabetic effects of vitamin D; however, the best-documented actions of vitamin D are the regulation of Ca-phosphate balance and its effect on immune function.Vitamin D levels in organisms are modulated by many environmental and non-environmental factors. One potential factor that may influence vitamin D levels and effects is the sex of the individuals studied. This review focuses on the scientific evidence indicating different synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D in females and males, mainly from PubMed database sources. The article verifies the sex differences in vitamin D levels reported around the world. Moreover, the different effects of vitamin D on the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems, as well as cancer in males and females, were discussed.Most studies addressing sex differences in vitamin D levels and effects are observational studies with conflicting results. Therefore, carefully designed clinical trials and experiments on animal models should be carried out to determine the role of non-environmental factors that may differentiate vitamin D levels in females and males.
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McCombe PA, Greer JM. Effects of biological sex and pregnancy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: It's complicated. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059833. [PMID: 36518769 PMCID: PMC9742606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) can be induced in many animal strains by inoculation with central nervous system antigens and adjuvant or by the passive transfer of lymphocytes reactive with these antigens and is widely used as an animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). There are reports that female sex and pregnancy affect EAE. Here we review the effects of biological sex and the effects of pregnancy on the clinical features (including disease susceptibility) and pathophysiology of EAE. We also review reports of the possible mechanisms underlying these differences. These include sex-related differences in the immune system and in the central nervous system, the effects of hormones and the sex chromosomes and molecules unique to pregnancy. We also review sex differences in the response to factors that can modify the course of EAE. Our conclusion is that the effects of biological sex in EAE vary amongst animal models and should not be widely extrapolated. In EAE, it is therefore essential that studies looking at the effects of biological sex or pregnancy give full information about the model that is used (i.e. animal strain, sex, the inducing antigen, timing of EAE induction in relation to pregnancy, etc.). In addition, it would be preferable if more than one EAE model were used, to show if any observed effects are generalizable. This is clearly a field that requires further work. However, understanding of the mechanisms of sex differences could lead to greater understanding of EAE, and suggest possible therapies for MS.
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Filip-Psurska B, Zachary H, Strzykalska A, Wietrzyk J. Vitamin D, Th17 Lymphocytes, and Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153649. [PMID: 35954312 PMCID: PMC9367508 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The effect of vitamin D3 on the development of breast cancer (favorable, ineffective, or even unfavorable) depends on many factors, such as age, menopausal status, or obesity. The immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D may be unfavorable in case of breast cancer progression. The effect of vitamin D on Th17 cells may depend on disease type and patients’ age. Our goal was to summarize the data available and to find indications of vitamin D treatment failure or success. Therefore, in this review, we present data describing the effects of vitamin D3 on Th17 cells, mainly in breast cancer. Abstract Vitamin D3, which is well known to maintain calcium homeostasis, plays an important role in various cellular processes. It regulates the proliferation and differentiation of several normal cells, including immune and neoplastic cells, influences the cell cycle, and stimulates cell maturation and apoptosis through a mechanism dependent on the vitamin D receptor. The involvement of vitamin D3 in breast cancer development has been observed in numerous clinical studies. However, not all studies support the protective effect of vitamin D3 against the development of this condition. Furthermore, animal studies have revealed that calcitriol or its analogs may stimulate tumor growth or metastasis in some breast cancer models. It has been postulated that the effect of vitamin D3 on T helper (Th) 17 lymphocytes is one of the mechanisms promoting metastasis in these murine models. Herein we present a literature review on the existing data according to the interplay between vitamin D, Th17 cell and breast cancer. We also discuss the effects of this vitamin on Th17 lymphocytes in various disease entities known to date, due to the scarcity of scientific data on Th17 lymphocytes and breast cancer. The presented data indicate that the effect of vitamin D3 on breast cancer development depends on many factors, such as age, menopausal status, or obesity. According to that, more extensive clinical trials and studies are needed to assess the importance of vitamin D in breast cancer, especially when no correlations seem to be obvious.
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Galoppin M, Kari S, Soldati S, Pal A, Rival M, Engelhardt B, Astier A, Thouvenot E. Full spectrum of vitamin D immunomodulation in multiple sclerosis: mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac171. [PMID: 35813882 PMCID: PMC9260308 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the risk of multiple sclerosis, disease activity and progression. Results from in vitro experiments, animal models and analysis of human samples from randomized controlled trials provide comprehensive data illustrating the pleiotropic actions of Vitamin D on the immune system. They globally result in immunomodulation by decreasing differentiation of effector T and B cells while promoting regulatory subsets. Vitamin D also modulates innate immune cells such as macrophages, monocytes and dendritic cells, and acts at the level of the blood–brain barrier reducing immune cell trafficking. Vitamin D exerts additional activity within the central nervous system reducing microglial and astrocytic activation. The immunomodulatory role of Vitamin D detected in animal models of multiple sclerosis has suggested its potential therapeutic use for treating multiple sclerosis. In this review, we focus on recent published data describing the biological effects of Vitamin D in animal models of multiple sclerosis on immune cells, blood–brain barrier function, activation of glial cells and its potential neuroprotective effects. Based on the current knowledge, we also discuss optimization of therapeutic interventions with Vitamin D in patients with multiple sclerosis, as well as new technologies allowing in-depth analysis of immune cell regulations by vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Galoppin
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
| | - Saniya Kari
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Sasha Soldati
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Arindam Pal
- Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland
| | - Manon Rival
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
| | | | - Anne Astier
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291 – CNRS UMR5051 – Université Toulouse III , 31024 Toulouse cedex 3 , France
| | - Eric Thouvenot
- IGF, University Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM , Montpellier , France
- Department of Neurology, Nîmes University Hospital, University Montpellier , Nîmes , France
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Koetzier SC, van Langelaar J, Wierenga-Wolf AF, Melief MJ, Pol K, Musters S, Lubberts E, Dik WA, Smolders J, van Luijn MM. Improving Glucocorticoid Sensitivity of Brain-Homing CD4+ T Helper Cells by Steroid Hormone Crosstalk. Front Immunol 2022; 13:893702. [PMID: 35693770 PMCID: PMC9178273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.893702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In early multiple sclerosis (MS), an IFN-γhighGM-CSFhighIL-17low CD4+ T-cell subset termed T helper 17.1 (Th17.1) reveals enhanced capacity to infiltrate the central nervous system. Th17.1 cells express high levels of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), which contributes to their poor glucocorticoid responsiveness. In this study, we explored whether glucocorticoid sensitivity of Th17.1 cells can generically be improved through synergy between steroid hormones, including calcitriol (1,25(OH)2D3), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). We showed that human blood Th17.1 cells were less sensitive to 1,25(OH)2D3 than Th17 cells, as reflected by lower vitamin D receptor (VDR) levels and reduced modulation of MDR1, IFN-γ and GM-CSF expression after 1,25(OH)2D3 exposure. Upon T-cell activation, VDR levels were increased, but still lower in Th17.1 versus Th17 cells, which was accompanied by a 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated decline in MDR1 surface expression as well as secretion of IFN-γ and GM-CSF. In activated Th17.1 cells, 1,25(OH)2D3 amplified the suppressive effects of methylprednisolone (MP) on proliferation, MDR1 surface levels, secretion of IFN-γ and granzyme B, as well as expression of brain-homing markers CCR6 and VLA-4. The addition of P4 to 1,25(OH)2D3 further enhanced MP-mediated reduction in proliferation, CD25, CCR6 and CXCR3. Overall, this study indicates that glucocorticoid sensitivity of Th17.1 cells can be enhanced by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 and further improved with P4. Our observations implicate steroid hormone crosstalk as a therapeutic avenue in Th17.1-associated inflammatory diseases including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C. Koetzier
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jamie van Langelaar
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annet F. Wierenga-Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Melief
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kim Pol
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Musters
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marvin M. van Luijn
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Center ErasMS, Erasmus Medical Center (MC), University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marvin M. van Luijn,
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Leffler J, Trend S, Gorman S, Hart PH. Sex-Specific Environmental Impacts on Initiation and Progression of Multiple Sclerosis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:835162. [PMID: 35185777 PMCID: PMC8850837 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.835162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological mechanisms that contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) differ between males and females. Females are 2–3 times more likely to develop MS compared to males, however the reason for this discrepancy is unknown. Once MS is established, there is a more inflammatory yet milder form of disease in females whereas males generally suffer from more severe disease and faster progression, neural degradation, and disability. Some of these differences relate to genetics, including genetic control of immune regulatory genes on the X-chromosome, as well as immune modulatory properties of sex hormones. Differences in MS development may also relate to how sex interacts with environmental risk factors. There are several environmental risk factors for MS including late-onset Epstein Barr virus infection, low serum vitamin D levels, low UV radiation exposure, smoking, obesity, and lack of physical activity. Most of these risk factors impact males and females differently, either due to biological or immunological processes or through behavioral differences. In this review, we explore these differences further and focus on how the interaction of environmental risk factors with sex hormones may contribute to significantly different prevalence and pathology of MS in males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Leffler
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jonatan Leffler
| | - Stephanie Trend
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Prue H. Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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13
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Janjusevic M, Gagno G, Fluca AL, Padoan L, Beltrami AP, Sinagra G, Moretti R, Aleksova A. The peculiar role of vitamin D in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Life Sci 2022; 289:120193. [PMID: 34864062 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a hormone with both genomic and non-genomic actions. It exerts its activity by binding vitamin D receptor (VDR), which belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors and ligand-activated transcription factors. Since VDR has been found in various tissues, it has been estimated that it regulates approximately 3% of the human genome. Several recent studies have shown pleiotropic effects of vitamin D in various processes such as cellular proliferation, differentiation, DNA repair and apoptosis and its involvement in different pathophysiological conditions as inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and anemia. It has been suggested that vitamin D could play an important role in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders. Moderate to strong associations between lower serum vitamin D concentrations and stroke and cardiovascular events have been identified in different analytic approaches, even after controlling for traditional demographic and lifestyle covariates. The mechanisms behind the associations between vitamin D and cerebrovascular and cardiologic profiles have been widely examined both in animal and human studies. Optimization of vitamin D levels in human subjects may improve insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function and lower levels of inflammatory markers. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that altered gene expression of VDR and 1,25D3-membrane-associated rapid response steroid-binding (1,25D3-MARRS) receptor influences the role of vitamin D within neurons and allows them to be more prone to degeneration. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying vitamin D signaling and the consequences of vitamin D deficiency in neurodegenerative and cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milijana Janjusevic
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Gagno
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Padoan
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Physiopathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Maria della Misericordia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Paolo Beltrami
- Clinical Pathology Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC) and Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Rita Moretti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Neurology, Neurological Clinic, Complex Case Section, Trieste, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI) and Department of Medical Surgical and Health Science, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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Crescioli C. The Role of Estrogens and Vitamin D in Cardiomyocyte Protection: A Female Perspective. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121815. [PMID: 34944459 PMCID: PMC8699224 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Women experience a dramatical raise in cardiovascular events after menopause. The decline in estrogens is pointed to as the major responsible trigger for the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Indeed, the menopausal transition associates with heart macro-remodeling, which results from a fine-tuned cell micro-remodeling. The remodeling of cardiomyocytes is a biomolecular response to several physiologic and pathologic stimuli, allowing healthy adaptation in normal conditions or maladaptation in an unfavorable environment, ending in organ architecture disarray. Estrogens largely impinge on cardiomyocyte remodeling, but they cannot fully explain the sex-dimorphism of CVD risk. Albeit cell remodeling and adaptation are under multifactorial regulation, vitamin D emerges to exert significant protective effects, controlling some intracellular paths, often shared with estrogen signaling. In post-menopause, the unfavorable association of hypoestrogenism-D hypovitaminosis may converge towards maladaptive remodeling and contribute to increased CVD risk. The aim of this review is to overview the role of estrogens and vitamin D in female cardiac health, speculating on their potential synergistic effect in cardiomyocyte remodeling, an issue that is not yet fully explored. Further learning the crosstalk between these two steroids in the biomolecular orchestration of cardiac cell fate during adaptation may help the translational approach to future cardioprotective strategies for women health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Section of Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy
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15
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Nehal A, Mona R, Nadia AE, Sanaa S, Maher K. The prognostic value of vitamin D receptor and its up-stream miR-27b and miR-125a expression in breast cancer patients. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Over the last decades, a central role for vitamin D in immune modulation has been well established. The active form of vitamin D, i.e., 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, through the interaction with vitamin D receptor, exerts different activities on the innate and adaptive immune system, among which suppression of inflammation and promotion of tolerogenic responses. Vitamin D insufficiency has been linked to autoimmune disorders that commonly display significant differences between females and males due to genetic, epigenetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. Notably, a number of studies recently showed a cross-talk between vitamin D and the sex hormone estrogen. Estrogen-mediated effects on immune response may favor a Th1 profile or a Th2 profile, depending on hormone concentration. Thus, estrogen-mediated effects appear to be variable on autoimmunity depending on its concentration but also on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the different autoimmune diseases (i.e., Th1- or Th2-mediated diseases). Notably, estrogen has been demonstrated to enhance vitamin D function favoring its accumulation, and increasing the expression of vitamin D receptor, thus resulting in a more potent anti-inflammatory response in females than males. On the other hand, vitamin D has been shown to downregulate in immune cells the expression of aromatase, which converts testosterone to estrogen, leading to a decrease in estrogen level. Overall, available data allow us to hypothesize a higher protective effect of vitamin D-based therapeutic approaches in women, at least in fertile age, than in men. Future studies are needed to expand current knowledge on the immunomodulatory role of vitamin D in a sex and gender perspective, paving the way to a more personalized therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases.
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Long-term vitamin D deficiency promotes renal fibrosis and functional impairment in middle-aged male mice. Br J Nutr 2020; 125:841-850. [PMID: 32812524 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520003232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is common especially in the elderly population. Recently, we found that vitamin D deficiency caused prostatic hyperplasia. This study aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency promotes renal fibrosis and functional impairment. All mice except controls were fed with vitamin D-deficient (VDD) diets, beginning from their early life. The absolute and relative kidney weights on postnatal week 20 were decreased in VDD diet-fed male pups but not in female pups. A mild pathological damage was observed in VDD diet-fed male pups but not in females. Further analysis showed that VDD-induced pathological damage was aggravated, accompanied by renal dysfunction in 40-week-old male pups. An obvious collagen deposition was observed in VDD diet-fed 40-week-old male pups. Moreover, renal α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and Tgf-β mRNA were up-regulated. The in vitro experiment showed that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 alleviated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-mediated down-regulation of E-cadherin and inhibited TGF-β1-evoked up-regulation of N-cadherin, vimentin and α-SMA in renal epithelial HK-2 cells. Moreover, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppressed TGF-β1-evoked Smad2/3 phosphorylation in HK-2 cells. These results provide experimental evidence that long-term vitamin D deficiency promotes renal fibrosis and functional impairment, at least partially, through aggravating TGF-β/Smad2/3-mediated EMT in middle-aged male mice.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this review the authors discuss evidence from the literature concerning vitamin D and temporal bone diseases (benign paroxysmal positional vertigo [BPPV], Menière's disease [MD], vestibular neuritis, idiopathic facial paralysis, idiopathic acute hearing loss). Common features shared by Menière's disease, glaucoma, and the possible influence by vitamin D are briefly discussed. DATA SOURCES, STUDY SELECTION Publications from 1970 until recent times have been reviewed according to a keyword search (see above) in PubMed. CONCLUSIONS MD, BPPV, vestibular neuritis, idiopathic facial paralysis, idiopathic acute hearing loss may all have several etiological factors, but a common feature of the current theories is that an initial viral infection and a subsequent autoimmune/autoinflammatory reaction might be involved. Additionally, in some of these entities varying degrees of demyelination have been documented. Given the immunomodulatory effect of vitamin D, we postulate that it may play a role in suppressing an eventual postviral autoimmune reaction. This beneficial effect may be enhanced by the antioxidative activity of vitamin D and its potential in stabilizing endothelial cells. The association of vitamin D deficiency with demyelination has already been established in other entities such as multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalitis. Mice without vitamin D receptor show degenerative features in inner ear ganglia, hair cells, as well as otoconia. The authors suggest further studies concerning the role of vitamin D deficiency in diseases of the temporal bone. Additionally, the possible presence and degree of demyelination in these entities will have to be elucidated more systematically in the future.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. We review the two core MS features, myelin instability, fragmentation, and remyelination failure, and dominance of pathogenic CD4+ Th17 cells over protective CD4+ Treg cells. To better understand myelin pathology, we describe myelin biosynthesis, structure, and function, then highlight stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in nervonic acid biosynthesis and nervonic acid's contribution to myelin stability. Noting that vitamin D deficiency decreases SCD in the periphery, we propose it also decreases SCD in oligodendrocytes, disrupting the nervonic acid supply and causing myelin instability and fragmentation. To better understand the distorted Th17/Treg cell balance, we summarize Th17 cell contributions to MS pathogenesis, then highlight how 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 signaling from microglia to CD4+ T cells restores Treg cell dominance. This signaling rapidly increases flux through the methionine cycle, removing homocysteine, replenishing S-adenosyl-methionine, and improving epigenetic marking. Noting that DNA hypomethylation and inappropriate DRB1*1501 expression were observed in MS patient CD4+ T cells, we propose that vitamin D deficiency thwarts epigenetic downregulation of DRB1*1501 and Th17 cell signature genes, and upregulation of Treg cell signature genes, causing dysregulation within the CD4+ T cell compartment. We explain how obesity reduces vitamin D status, and how estrogen and vitamin D collaborate to promote Treg cell dominance in females. Finally, we discuss the implications of this new knowledge concerning myelin and the Th17/Treg cell balance, and advocate for efforts to address the global epidemics of obesity and vitamin D deficiency in the expectation of reducing the impact of MS.
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Vitamin D as a Potential Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: Where Are We? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093102. [PMID: 32354174 PMCID: PMC7247155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is caused by an aberrant immune response to myelin sheath. Disease-modifying medications, which mainly aim to suppress such aberrant immune response, have significantly improved MS treatment. However, the disease severity continues to worsen. In contrast, progressively more data suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D, i.e., the active vitamin D, suppresses the differentiation of potentially pathogenic T cells associated with MS, enhances the differentiation of regulatory T cells that suppress the pathogenic T cells, and promotes remyelination. These novel 1,25(OH)2D functions have encouraged investigators to develop vitamin D as a potential therapy for MS. However, because of the hypercalcemia that is associated with high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, supplementation of native vitamin D has been a major focus in clinical trials for the treatment of MS, but such trials have produced mixed data. In this article, we will review current progress in the supplementation of different vitamin D forms for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (i.e., an MS animal model) as well as MS. Furthermore, we will review alternative strategies that our laboratory and others are pursuing in an attempt to circumvent the hurdles that are hampering the effective use of vitamin D as a potential therapy for MS.
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21
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Morello M, Pieri M, Zenobi R, Talamo A, Stephan D, Landel V, Féron F, Millet P. The Influence of Vitamin D on Neurodegeneration and Neurological Disorders: A Rationale for its Physio-pathological Actions. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2475-2491. [PMID: 32175837 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200316145725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone implicated in the regulation of neuronal integrity and many brain functions. Its influence, as a nutrient and a hormone, on the physiopathology of the most common neurodegenerative diseases is continuously emphasized by new studies. This review addresses what is currently known about the action of vitamin D on the nervous system and neurodegenerative diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Further vitamin D research is necessary to understand how the action of this "neuroactive" steroid can help to optimize the prevention and treatment of several neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Morello
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Zenobi
- Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" and University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Talamo
- Psychiatric Clinic, University Hospital of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Delphine Stephan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Verena Landel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - François Féron
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Millet
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INP, UMR 7051, Marseille, France.,Association UNIVI (Agirc-Arrco), 75010 Paris, France.,Hôpital Gériatrique les Magnolias, Ballainvilliers, France
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22
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Pawlik A, Anisiewicz A, Filip-Psurska B, Klopotowska D, Maciejewska M, Mazur A, Wietrzyk J. Divergent Effect of Tacalcitol (PRI-2191) on Th17 Cells in 4T1 Tumor Bearing Young and Old Ovariectomized Mice. Aging Dis 2020; 11:241-253. [PMID: 32257539 PMCID: PMC7069462 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2019.0618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D and its analogs are known for their role in the development of breast cancer and in immunomodulation. Our previous studies have shown the pro-metastatic effect of calcitriol and tacalcitol (PRI-2191) in young mice bearing 4T1 breast cancer and the anti-metastatic effect in aged ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Therefore, the aim of our work was to characterize Th17 cell population in young and aged OVX mice bearing 4T1 tumors treated with calcitriol and PRI-2191. The expression of genes typical for Th17 cells was examined in splenocytes, as well as splenocytes differentiated with IL-6 and TGF-β to Th17 cells (iTh17). Expression of genes encoding vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and osteopontin (Spp1) as well as the secretion of IL-17A were evaluated in iTh17 cells. PRI-2191 treatment increased the expression of Rora and Rorc transcription factors, Il17a, Il17re and Il21 in iTh17 cells from young mice. In aged OVX mice this effect was not observed. Increased expression was observed in the case of Vdr and Spp1 genes in iTh17 cells from young mice treated with PRI-2191. What is more, in young mice treated with PRI-2191 the secretion of IL-17A to the culture media by iTh17 cells was increased, whereas in aged OVX mice a significant decrease was noted. Increased expression of Spp1 in young mice treated with PRI-2191 may enhance the differentiation of Th17 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Pawlik
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Artur Anisiewicz
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dagmara Klopotowska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Maciejewska
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mazur
- 2Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- 1Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
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Vitamin D and Demyelinating Diseases: Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Autoimmune Dis 2020; 2020:8718736. [PMID: 32373353 PMCID: PMC7187724 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8718736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in all ages regardless of climate or geographical location and evidence is emerging that the incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing worldwide. Women make up a large proportion of autoimmune disease diagnoses, underscoring the importance of fully elucidating the complex synergistic relationships between estrogens and vitamin D. Vitamin D receptor-activating drugs appear to enhance remyelination in patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and other demyelinating diseases such as neuromyelitis optica (NMO). This review is intended to update health practitioners about the potential role of vitamin D deficiency demyelination and to motivate future research on dietary recommendations for vitamin D in preventing and treating demyel1nating diseases.
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Spanier JA, Nashold FE, Nelson CD, Praska CE, Hayes CE. Vitamin D 3-mediated resistance to a multiple sclerosis model disease depends on myeloid cell 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 synthesis and correlates with increased CD4 + T cell CTLA-4 expression. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 338:577105. [PMID: 31731231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.577105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Microglial cell activation is the earliest biomarker of the inflammatory processes that cause central nervous system (CNS) lesions in multiple sclerosis. We hypothesized that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) production by activated microglia and macrophages in the CNS inhibits these inflammatory processes. To test this hypothesis, we targeted the Cyp27b1 gene specifically in myeloid cells, then analyzed the influence of disrupted myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis on vitamin D3-mediated resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis was essential for vitamin D3-mediated EAE resistance. Increased CTLA-4 expression in the CNS-infiltrating CD4+ Tconv and Treg cells and decreased splenic B cell CD86 expression correlated with resistance. These new data provide solid support for the view that vitamin D3 reduces MS risk in part through a mechanism involving myeloid cell 1,25-(OH)2D3 production and CTLA-4 upregulation in CNS-infiltrating CD4+ T cells. We suggest that CTLA-4 serves as a vitamin D3-regulated immunological checkpoint in multiple sclerosis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Spanier
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Faye E Nashold
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Corinne E Praska
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colleen E Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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25
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Moradi A, Rahimi Naiini M, Yazdanpanahi N, Tabatabaeian H, Nabatchian F, Baghi M, Azadeh M, Ghaedi K. Evaluation of The Expression Levels of Three Long Non-Coding RNAs in Multiple Sclerosis. CELL JOURNAL 2019; 22:165-170. [PMID: 31721530 PMCID: PMC6874792 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2020.6555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder involving both inflammatory and neurodegenerative responses.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been had an emerging role as the biomarkers of different disorders, including
autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have shown that NR_003531.3 (MEG3a), AC000061.1_201, and AC007182.6
play a role in the pathogenesis of human autoimmune diseases. However, the potential significance of these lncRNAs,
as the diagnostic biomarkers of MS, has not been studied yet. We aimed to quantitatively evaluate the expression
levels of NR_003531.3, AC000061.1_201, and AC007182.6 in peripheral blood samples of MS patients in comparison
with healthy controls.
Materials and Methods In this case-control study, the blood samples from 20 MS patients and 10 healthy controls
were collected. Total RNA was extracted, and the expression levels of three selected lncRNAs were quantitatively
measured using the quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method.
Results We detected a significant down-regulation in the expression of NR_003531.3 in MS patients, while no marked
changes were observed in the expression of AC000061.1_201 and AC007182.6 in patients compared with controls.
Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, NR_003531.3 could discriminate MS patients
from healthy subjects effectively. Regarding the prognosis of MS patients, NR_003531.3 is significantly and inversely
correlated with the expanded disability status scale (EDSS).
Conclusion The potential role of NR_003531.3 lncRNA as a diagnostic biomarker to distinguish MS patients is proposed.
Prognostically, NR_003531.3 correlates with lower disability rates in MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Moradi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Rahimi Naiini
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School and Kerman Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.,Zist-fanavari Novin, Biotechnology Institute, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Yazdanpanahi
- Department of Genetics, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Tabatabaeian
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fariba Nabatchian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Masoud Baghi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic Address:
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26
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Verma A, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 modulates tumorigenicity in breast cancer in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner. Steroids 2019; 150:108447. [PMID: 31302113 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D has long been prescribed as a supplement to breast cancer patients. This is partially motivated by data indicating that low serum vitamin D, measured as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], is associated with worsened cancer prognosis and decreased survival rates in cancer patients. However, clinical studies investigating the role of vitamin D supplementation in breast cancer treatment are largely inconclusive. One reason for this may be that many of these studies ignore the complexity of the vitamin D metabolome and the effects of these metabolites at the cellular level. Once ingested, vitamin D is metabolized into 37 different metabolites, including 25(OH)D3, which is the metabolite actually measured clinically, as well as 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. Recent work by our lab and others has demonstrated a role for 24R,25(OH)2D3, in the modulation of breast cancer tumors via an estrogen receptor α-dependent mechanism. This review highlights the importance of considering estrogen receptor status in vitamin d-associated prognostic studies of breast cancer and proposes a potential mechanism for 24R,25(OH)2D3 signaling in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Verma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Department of Periodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, United States
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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27
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Haghmorad D, Yazdanpanah E, Jadid Tavaf M, Zargarani S, Soltanmohammadi A, Mahmoudi MB, Mahmoudi M. Prevention and treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced mice with 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3. Neurol Res 2019; 41:943-957. [PMID: 31402771 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2019.1650218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) frequently starts in young adulthood. Demyelination, inflammatory and axonal damage in the CNS is the pathological hallmark of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Vitamin D3) is involved in calcium regulation, phosphorus homeostasis, and bone mineralization. In addition, vitamin D3 has potential inhibitory effects on immune cells in various inflammatory and autoimmunity disease. C57BL/6 female mice were divided into prevention groups (low, middle and high doses) and treatment groups (middle and high doses). Prevention groups received vitamin D3 2 weeks before EAE induction, and treatment groups were treated with vitamin D3 simultaneous with EAE induction. Vitamin D3 inhibits the development of EAE in a dose-dependent manner. Histological studies revealed reduced demyelination and limited infiltration into CNS, moreover vitamin D3 increased the production of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β, while a significant reduction in the production of IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-17 was observed. Flow cytometry results for CD4+ T cell subsets in compliance with ELISA cytokine assay results showed a significant decrease in the percentage of Th1 and Th17, but also a significant increase in the percentage of Th2 and Treg for middle and high dose vitamin D3 treated mice. Real-time PCR results indicated that middle and high dose vitamin D3 treatment reduced T-bet and ROR-γt expression, but enhanced GATA3 and Foxp3 expression. Real-Time PCR results in CNS for T cell subsets related cytokines and transcription factors supported the results of flow cytometry and ELISA. This study indicated that middle and high doses of vitamin D3 deviate the balance between Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg to Th2 and Treg. Moreover, vitamin D3 could reduce the incidence and severity of EAE clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Haghmorad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Esmaeil Yazdanpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Maryam Jadid Tavaf
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Simin Zargarani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | - Azita Soltanmohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences , Semnan , Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
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28
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Schmidt RJ, Niu Q, Eyles DW, Hansen RL, Iosif AM. Neonatal vitamin D status in relation to autism spectrum disorder and developmental delay in the CHARGE case-control study. Autism Res 2019; 12:976-988. [PMID: 31094097 PMCID: PMC6546420 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D appears essential for normal neurodevelopment and cognitive and behavioral function. We examined neonatal vitamin D in relation to the child's later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD). Children aged 24-60 months enrolled in the population-based CHARGE case-control study were evaluated clinically for ASD (n = 357), DD (n = 134), or typical development (TD, n = 234) at the MIND Institute (Sacramento, CA) using standardized assessments. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) was measured using sensitive isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in archived dried blood spots collected for the California Department of Public Health's Newborn Screening Program. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate ORs as measures of the associations between 25 nmol/L change in 25(OH)D and ASD and DD. Associations between 25(OH)D and scores on Mullen Scales of Early Learning and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales were assessed using robust linear regression. Effect modification was examined using stratified models and interaction product terms. Unadjusted mean (SD) 25(OH)D was lower for DD (73.2 [37.6]) than for TD (82.7 [39.3]) and ASD (80.1 [37.4]). After adjustment for maternal prepregnancy body mass index and education, a 25 nmol/L increase in total 25(OH)D was not associated with ASD (OR = 0.97; CI: 0.87-1.08) or DD (OR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.78-1.06). Neonatal 25(OH)D was associated with significantly reduced ASD only in females (adjusted OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55-0.99, Pinteraction = 0.03), and significantly reduced DD only in non-Hispanic white children (adjusted OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63-0.98, Pinteraction = 0.11 for Hispanic, Pinteraction = 0.31 for other), driven by DD children with trisomy 21. This study provides evidence that neonatal vitamin D could be associated with ASD in females and with DD in non-Hispanic white children. Autism Res 2019, 12: 976-988. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY: Vitamin D appears essential for brain development and function. We examined neonatal total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) measured in dried blood spots in relation to later diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or developmental delay (DD) and related assessment scores. Higher neonatal 25(OH)D was associated with a 26% reduction in the odds for ASD only in females. After taking into account factors that could contribute to vitamin D status, a significant association with 21% reduced odds for DD was found only in non-Hispanic white children. Though results were nonsignificant overall, certain subgroups might benefit from higher neonatal vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Qiaojuan Niu
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Darryl W Eyles
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, and Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robin L Hansen
- The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Ana-Maria Iosif
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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29
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Benagiano M, Bianchi P, D'Elios MM, Brosens I, Benagiano G. Autoimmune diseases: Role of steroid hormones. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2019; 60:24-34. [PMID: 31047850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders in terms of clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and prevalence, and there is no agreement to date on a common classification. Adaptive immune responses are responsible for the existence of AIDs, although innate immunity is also involved in misguiding the immune response against self-antigens. Hormones, in general, and in particular steroid hormones, play a critical role in the physiology and pathology of the immune system, especially in adaptive immunity. Hormonal factors, alone or in relation to age, sex, and reproductive status, are involved in conditioning the onset of a number of AIDs. There is a well-defined sexual dimorphism for human AIDs. At the same time, the classic view has been that steroid hormones have well-defined effects, with one type, estrogens, being "pro-inflammatory" and the other two progestogens (progesterone and its synthetic analogs) and androgens being "anti-inflammatory." Although this view has been considered too simplistic and seems contradicted by numerous observations, it remains valid: progestogens and androgens are immunosuppressive and therefore protective against AIDs, whereas estrogens are immune-stimulatory and therefore pathogenic in AIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bianchi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Mario Milco D'Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ivo Brosens
- Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Benagiano
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Urology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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30
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Evolving Role of Vitamin D in Immune-Mediated Disease and Its Implications in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:324-344. [PMID: 30370494 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5351-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrotic actions that may impact on the occurrence and outcome of immune-mediated disease. The goals of this review are to describe the nature of these expanded roles, examine the implications of vitamin D deficiency in autoimmune hepatitis, and identify opportunities for future investigation. Abstracts were identified in PubMed by multiple search terms. Full-length articles were selected for review, and secondary and tertiary bibliographies were developed. Vitamin D receptors are expressed on the principal cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. Macrophages and dendritic cells can produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D within the microenvironment. This active form of vitamin D can inhibit immune cell proliferation, promote an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, expand regulatory T cells, enhance glucocorticoid actions, increase glutathione production, and inhibit hepatic stellate cells. Vitamin D deficiency has been commonly present in patients with immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, and it has been associated with histological severity, advanced hepatic fibrosis, and non-response to conventional glucocorticoid therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. Vitamin D analogues with high potency, low calcemic effects, and independence from hepatic hydroxylation are possible interventions. In conclusion, vitamin D has properties that could ameliorate immune-mediated disease, and vitamin D deficiency has been a common finding in immune-mediated liver and non-liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis. Loss of vitamin D-dependent homeostatic mechanisms may promote disease progression. Vitamin D analogues that are independent of hepatic hydroxylation constitute an investigational opportunity to supplement current management of autoimmune hepatitis.
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31
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Ysrraelit MC, Correale J. Impact of sex hormones on immune function and multiple sclerosis development. Immunology 2019; 156:9-22. [PMID: 30222193 PMCID: PMC6283654 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting young people and leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The disease is clearly more common in women, in whom incidence has been rising. Gender differences include: earlier disease onset and more frequent relapses in women; and faster progression and worse outcomes in men. Hormone-related physiological conditions in women such as puberty, pregnancy, puerperium, and menopause also exert significant influence both on disease prevalence as well as on outcomes. Hormonal and/or genetic factors are therefore believed to be involved in regulating the course of disease. In this review, we discuss clinical evidence for the impact of sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone, prolactin, and testosterone) on MS and attempt to elucidate the hormonal and immunological mechanisms potentially underlying these changes. We also review current knowledge on the relationship between sex hormones and resident CNS cells and provide new insights in the context of MS. Understanding these molecular mechanisms may contribute to the development of new and safer treatments for both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- María C. Ysrraelit
- Department of NeurologyRaúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | - Jorge Correale
- Department of NeurologyRaúl Carrea Institute for Neurological Research (FLENI)Buenos AiresArgentina
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32
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Moore JR, Hubler SL, Nelson CD, Nashold FE, Spanier JA, Hayes CE. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 increases the methionine cycle, CD4 + T cell DNA methylation and Helios +Foxp3 + T regulatory cells to reverse autoimmune neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:100-114. [PMID: 30267995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how one calcitriol dose plus vitamin D3 reverses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis model. This protocol rapidly increased CD4+ T cell Ikzf2 transcripts, Helios protein, and CD4+Helios+FoxP3+ T regulatory cells. It also rapidly increased CD4+ T cell Bhmt1 transcripts, betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase-1 (BHMT1) enzyme activity, and global DNA methylation. BHMT1 transmethylates homocysteine to replenish methionine. Targeting the Vdr gene in T cells decreased Ikzf2 and Bhmt1 gene expression, reduced DNA methylation, and elevated systemic homocysteine in mice with EAE. We hypothesize that calcitriol drives a transition from encephalitogenic CD4+ T cell to Treg cell dominance by upregulating Ikzf2 and Bhmt1, recycling homocysteine to methionine, reducing homocysteine toxicity, maintaining DNA methylation, and stabilizing CD4+Helios+FoxP3+Tregulatory cells. Conserved vitamin D-responsive element (VDRE)-type sequences in the Bhmt1 and Ikzf2 promoters, the universal need for methionine in epigenetic regulation, and betaine's protective effects in MTHFR-deficiency suggest similar regulatory mechanisms exist in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerott R Moore
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | | | - Corwin D Nelson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Faye E Nashold
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Justin A Spanier
- Rheumatic and Autoimmune Diseases, Center for Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Colleen E Hayes
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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33
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Vitamin D in Neurological Diseases: A Rationale for a Pathogenic Impact. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082245. [PMID: 30065237 PMCID: PMC6121649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that vitamin D receptors have been found in neurons and glial cells, and their highest expression is in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus and subcortical grey nuclei, and substantia nigra. Vitamin D helps the regulation of neurotrophin, neural differentiation, and maturation, through the control operation of growing factors synthesis (i.e., neural growth factor [NGF] and glial cell line-derived growth factor (GDNF), the trafficking of the septohippocampal pathway, and the control of the synthesis process of different neuromodulators (such as acetylcholine [Ach], dopamine [DA], and gamma-aminobutyric [GABA]). Based on these assumptions, we have written this review to summarize the potential role of vitamin D in neurological pathologies. This work could be titanic and the results might have been very fuzzy and even incoherent had we not conjectured to taper our first intentions and devoted our interests towards three mainstreams, demyelinating pathologies, vascular syndromes, and neurodegeneration. As a result of the lack of useful therapeutic options, apart from the disease-modifying strategies, the role of different risk factors should be investigated in neurology, as their correction may lead to the improvement of the cerebral conditions. We have explored the relationships between the gene-environmental influence and long-term vitamin D deficiency, as a risk factor for the development of different types of neurological disorders, along with the role and the rationale of therapeutic trials with vitamin D implementation.
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Krementsov DN, Asarian L, Fang Q, McGill MM, Teuscher C. Sex-Specific Gene-by-Vitamin D Interactions Regulate Susceptibility to Central Nervous System Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1622. [PMID: 30065723 PMCID: PMC6056725 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VitD) insufficiency is postulated to represent a major modifiable risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). While low VitD levels strongly correlate with higher MS risk in white populations, this is not the case for other ethnic groups, suggesting the existence of a genetic component. Moreover, VitD supplementation studies in MS so far have not shown a consistent benefit. We sought to determine whether direct manipulation of VitD levels modulates central nervous system autoimmune disease in a sex-by-genotype-dependent manner. To this end, we used a dietary model of VitD modulation, together with the autoimmune animal model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). To assess the impact of genotype-by-VitD interactions on EAE susceptibility, we utilized a chromosome substitution (consomic) mouse model that incorporates the genetic diversity of wild-derived PWD/PhJ mice. High VitD was protective in EAE in female, but not male C57BL/6J (B6) mice, and had no effect in EAE-resistant PWD/PhJ (PWD) mice. EAE protection was accompanied by sex- and genotype-specific suppression of proinflammatory transcriptional programs in CD4 T effector cells, but not CD4 regulatory T cells. Decreased expression of proinflammatory genes was observed with high VitD in female CD4 T effector cells, specifically implicating a key role of MHC class II genes, interferon gamma, and Th1 cell-mediated neuroinflammation. In consomic strains, effects of VitD on EAE were also sex- and genotype dependent, whereby high VitD: (1) was protective, (2) had no effect, and (3) unexpectedly had disease-exacerbating effects. Systemic levels of 25(OH)D differed across consomic strains, with higher levels associated with EAE protection only in females. Analysis of expression of key known VitD metabolism genes between B6 and PWD mice revealed that their expression is genetically determined and sex specific and implicated Cyp27b1 and Vdr as candidate genes responsible for differential EAE responses to VitD modulation. Taken together, our results support the observation that the association between VitD status and MS susceptibility is genotype dependent and suggest that the outcome of VitD status in MS is determined by gene-by-sex interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Loredana Asarian
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Qian Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Mahalia M McGill
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Cory Teuscher
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
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35
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Bhattarai P, Bhattarai JP, Kim MS, Han SK. Non-genomic action of vitamin D3 on N-methyl-D-aspartate and kainate receptor-mediated actions in juvenile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurons. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 29:1231-1238. [PMID: 27225229 DOI: 10.1071/rd15357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a versatile signalling molecule that plays a critical role in calcium homeostasis. There are several studies showing the genomic action of vitamin D in the control of reproduction; however, the quick non-genomic action of vitamin D at the hypothalamic level is not well understood. Therefore, to investigate the effect of vitamin D on juvenile gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, excitatory neurotransmitter receptor agonists N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 30μM) and kainate (10μM) were applied in the absence or in the presence of vitamin D3 (VitaD3, 10nM). The NMDA-mediated responses were decreased by VitaD3 in the absence and in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), a sodium-channel blocker, with the mean relative inward current being 0.56±0.07 and 0.66±0.07 (P<0.05), respectively. In addition, VitaD3 induced a decrease in the frequency of gamma-aminobutyric acid mediated (GABAergic) spontaneous postsynaptic currents and spontaneous postsynaptic currents induced by NMDA application with a mean relative frequency of 0.595±0.07 and 0.56±0.09, respectively. Further, VitaD3 decreased the kainate-induced inward currents in the absence and in the presence of TTX with a relative inward current of 0.64±0.06 and 0.68±0.06, respectively (P<0.05). These results suggest that VitaD3 has a non-genomic action and partially inhibits the NMDA and kainate receptor-mediated actions of GnRH neurons, suggesting that VitaD3 may regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis at the time of pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Bhattarai
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Janardhan P Bhattarai
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Min Sun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Medical School, and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Han
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Duckjin Dong, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, South Korea
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36
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Büki B, Jünger H, Lundberg YW. Vitamin D supplementation may improve symptoms in Meniere's disease. Med Hypotheses 2018; 116:44-46. [PMID: 29857909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last 4 years the authors observed a trend that correcting vitamin D deficiency in newly diagnosed cases of Meniere's disease decreased the necessity of the ablative therapy with intratympanic gentamicin. According to their hypothesis, vitamin D supplementation may indeed have a beneficial effect in Meniere's disease if the symptoms are caused by a local postviral autoimmune reaction. Vitamin D has a strong immunomodulatory role, one of which is the regulation of the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. The authors suggest further epidemiological studies to decide if there is a connection between vitamin D deficiency and Meniere's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bela Büki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Karl Landsteiner University Hospital Krems, Austria.
| | - Heinz Jünger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Karl Landsteiner University Hospital Krems, Austria
| | - Yunxia Wang Lundberg
- Vestibular Neurogenetics Laboratory, Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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37
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Israelian N, Danska JS. Sex Effects at the Ramparts: Nutrient- and Microbe-Mediated Regulation of the Immune-Metabolic Interface. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1043:113-140. [PMID: 29224093 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70178-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The relationships between dietary compounds, derivative metabolites, and host metabolism and immunity are controlled by diverse molecular mechanisms. Essential contributions to these dynamics come from the community of microbes (the microbiome) inhabiting the human digestive tract. The composition and function of the microbiome are shaped by available nutrients, and reciprocally, these organisms produce an as yet poorly defined repertoire of molecules that communicate with the epithelial barrier and the mucosal immune system. We present evidence that diet-derived vitamins and lipids regulate immunity and metabolic function and highlight the diverse mechanisms through which these effects are impacted by sex. We discuss exciting new data emerging from studies using high-throughput sequencing technology, specialized mouse models, and bio-specimens, and clinical data from human subjects that have begun to reveal the complexity of these interactions. Also profiled in this chapter are the striking sex differences in pathways by which dietary nutrients and gut microbes modify metabolism, immunity, and immune- and inflammation-mediated diseases. Although the incidence, severity, and therapeutic responses of many autoimmune diseases differ by sex, the molecular mechanisms of these effects remain poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyrie Israelian
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jayne S Danska
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Gerkowicz A, Chyl-Surdacka K, Krasowska D, Chodorowska G. The Role of Vitamin D in Non-Scarring Alopecia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2653. [PMID: 29215595 PMCID: PMC5751255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-scarring hair loss is a common problem that affects both male and female patients. Since any disturbances in the hair follicle cycle may lead to hair shedding, or alopecia, it is not surprising that the possible role of vitamin D in alopecia was investigated in many studies. Vitamin D has been shown to have many important functions. A growing body of evidence shows that vitamin D and its receptor are responsible for maintaining not only calcium homeostasis but also skin homeostasis. Moreover, vitamin D could also regulate cutaneous innate and adaptive immunity. This paper presents a review of current literature considering the role of vitamin D in alopecia areata, telogen effluvium, and female pattern hair loss. The majority of studies revealed decreased serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with different types of non-scarring alopecia, which could suggest its potential role in the pathogenesis of hair loss. According to the authors, vitamin D supplementation could be a therapeutic option for patients with alopecia areata, female pattern hair loss, or telogen effluvium. However, further studies on a larger group of patients are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gerkowicz
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Chyl-Surdacka
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grażyna Chodorowska
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Paediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland.
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Qrafli M, El Kari K, Aguenaou H, Bourkadi JE, Sadki K, El Mzibri M. Low plasma vitamin A concentration is associated with tuberculosis in Moroccan population: a preliminary case control study. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:421. [PMID: 28835282 PMCID: PMC5569465 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2737-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin A plays numerous roles in immune system. Its deficiency alters both the innate and adaptive immunity. Previous results reported that the micronutrients deficiency, particularly vitamin A, is observed in patients with tuberculosis. Thus, we aimed in this study to assess vitamin A concentrations in Moroccan patients with tuberculosis to set up a large efficacy study of vitamin A supplementation for TB infected patients. Plasma retinol concentration was measured by HPLC in 44 recently diagnosed TB patients and 40 healthy controls. RESULTS We showed that plasma vitamin A is significantly lower in tuberculosis patients as compared to healthy controls (p < 0.0001). Moreover, no significant association was found between vitamin A deficiency and, TB severity and patients' ages. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the association between low vitamin A levels and tuberculosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounia Qrafli
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, (CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofaïl), CNESTEN BP 1382 RP, 10001, Rabat, Morocco.,Laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie, Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid El Kari
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, (CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofaïl), CNESTEN BP 1382 RP, 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan Aguenaou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, (CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofaïl), CNESTEN BP 1382 RP, 10001, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Khalid Sadki
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Immunologie, Faculté des Sciences, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed El Mzibri
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Nutrition et Alimentation, (CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofaïl), CNESTEN BP 1382 RP, 10001, Rabat, Morocco.
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Scazzone C, Agnello L, Ragonese P, Lo Sasso B, Bellia C, Bivona G, Schillaci R, Salemi G, Ciaccio M. Association of CYP2R1 rs10766197 with MS risk and disease progression. J Neurosci Res 2017; 96:297-304. [PMID: 28834557 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MS is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disease resulting from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Among these, vitamin D and genetic variants associated with vitamin D-metabolism gain great attention. The aim of our study was to assess five SNPs in NADSYN1 and CYP2R1 genes in relation to serum 25-OH-vitamin D3 levels in MS patients and controls. METHODS 25-OH-vitamin D3 levels and genotyping of CYP2R1- and NADSYN1-SNPs were investigated both in MS patients and in healthy controls. RESULTS The analysis revealed lower 25-OH-vitamin D3 concentrations in MS patients than in controls and an association of rs10766197 CYP2R1 SNP with MS risk. After stratifying MS patients according to gender, we found that the minor allele A of rs10766197 had a higher frequency in men in comparison to women affected by MS. Additionally, the presence of allele A in men was associated with disease progression, assessed by EDSS and MSSS scores. CONCLUSION The findings of our study open new perspectives for a role of CYP2R1 in both risk and progression of MS, with sex-related differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Scazzone
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy
| | - Luisa Agnello
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy
| | - Paolo Ragonese
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy
| | - Chiara Bellia
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy
| | - Giulia Bivona
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy
| | - Rosaria Schillaci
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Salemi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Section of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Medicine, Department of Biopathology and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Italy.,UOC of Laboratory Medicine, AOUP "P. Giaccone", University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127, Palermo, Italy
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Gender difference in relationship between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in Korean adults. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177722. [PMID: 28562685 PMCID: PMC5451000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to assess the gender difference in the relationship between serum ferritin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in Korean adults. METHODS A total of 5,147 adults (2,162 men, 1,563 premenopausal women, and 1,422 postmenopausal women) aged ≥ 20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data (2012) were analyzed. A covariance test adjusted for covariates was performed for serum ferritin levels in relation to vitamin D status (vitamin D deficiency, 25(OH)D < 10.0 ng/mL; vitamin D insufficiency, 25(OH)D ≥ 10.0, < 20.0 ng/mL; vitamin D sufficiency, 25(OH)D ≥ 20.0 ng/mL). RESULTS The key study results were as follows: First, in men, in terms of serum ferritin levels by serum 25(OH)D level after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol drinking, regular exercise, SBP, DBP, WM. TC, TGs, HDL-C, FPG, Hb, Hct, MCV, and Fe, serum ferritin levels were inversely increased with the increasing of serum 25(OH)D level (P = 0.012). Second, in premenopausal women, after adjusting for related variables, serum ferritin levels were increased with the increasing of serum 25(OH)D level (P = 0.003). Third, in postmenopausal women, after adjusting for related variables, serum ferritin levels were not significantly increased with the increasing of serum 25(OH)D level (P = 0.456). CONCLUSION Serum 25(OH)D level was inversely associated with the serum ferritin levels in men, but was positively associated with the serum ferritin levels in premenopausal women, and was not associated with the serum ferritin levels in postmenopausal women.
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Vasile M, Corinaldesi C, Antinozzi C, Crescioli C. Vitamin D in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A view inside gender differences. Pharmacol Res 2017; 117:228-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fedotova J, Pivina S, Sushko A. Effects of Chronic Vitamin D₃ Hormone Administration on Anxiety-Like Behavior in Adult Female Rats after Long-Term Ovariectomy. Nutrients 2017; 9:E28. [PMID: 28054941 PMCID: PMC5295072 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present preclinical study was created to determine the therapeutic effects of vitamin D hormone treatment as an adjunctive therapy alone or in a combination with low dose of 17β-estradiol (17β-E₂) on anxiety-like behavior in female rats with long-term absence of estrogen. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to examine the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg subcutaneously, SC, once daily, for 14 days) on the anxiety-like state after long-term ovariectomy in female rats. Twelve weeks postovariectomy, cholecalciferol was administered to ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-E₂ (0.5 µg/rat SC, once daily, for 14 days). Anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light/dark test (LDT), and locomotor and grooming activities were tested in the open field test (OFT). Cholecalciferol at two doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg alone or in combination with 17β-E₂ produced anxiolytic-like effects in OVX rats as evidenced in the EPM and the LDT, as well as increased grooming activity in the OFT. Our results indicate that cholecalciferol, at two doses of 1.0 and 2.5 mg/kg, has a profound anxiolytic-like effects in the experimental rat model of long-term estrogen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fedotova
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Laboratory of Comparative Somnology and Neuroendocrinology, I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 44 Tores pr., Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia.
- International Research Centre, Biotechnologies of the Third Millennium, ITMO University, 9 Lomonosova str., Saint Petersburg 191002, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Pivina
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Anastasia Sushko
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Emb. Makarova, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular biology, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia.
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Gwon M, Tak YJ, Kim YJ, Lee SY, Lee JG, Jeong DW, Yi YH, Lee SH, Hwang HR, Lee Y. Is Hypovitaminosis D Associated with Stress Perception in the Elderly? A Nationwide Representative Study in Korea. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100647. [PMID: 27775565 PMCID: PMC5084034 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D and stress are common problems among the elderly. The aim of this cross-sectional nationally representative study was to evaluate the association between hypovitaminosis D and stress perception using large-scale nationally representative data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2012-2013). In our study, a total of 1393 elders (≥65 years old) were included to evaluate the association between hypovitaminosis D and stress perception. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were determined using radioimmunoassay, and perceived stress status was assessed by a self-reporting questionnaire. The association between hypovitaminosis D and stress perception according to sex was examined using logistic regression analysis. After multivariate adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and comorbidities, hypovitaminosis D was significantly associated with perceived stress (odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-6.77; p = 0.029) among women; however, this association was not significant among men. Hypovitaminosis D was a risk factor for higher stress perception in older Korean women. Even though the role of vitamin D in stress perception is still unclear, we suggest screening for hypovitaminosis D among the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieun Gwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Young Jin Tak
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Medical Education Unit and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 626-870, Korea.
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 626-789, Korea.
| | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Dong Wook Jeong
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 626-789, Korea.
| | - Yu Hyeon Yi
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Hye Rim Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
| | - Youngin Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 602-739, Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 602-739, Korea.
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Al-Barry MA, Albalawi AM, Sayf MA, Badawi A, Afzal S, Latif M, Samman MI, Basit S. Sequence analysis of four vitamin D family genes (VDR, CYP24A1, CYP27B1 and CYP2R1) in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) patients: identification of a potentially pathogenic variant in CYP2R1. BMC Ophthalmol 2016; 16:172. [PMID: 27716192 PMCID: PMC5050582 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-016-0354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VKH is a rare autoimmune disease. Decreased level of vitamin D has recently been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. This study was designed to screen the vitamin D pathway genes for pathogenic mutations, if any, in VKH patients. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from patients with VKH disease and healthy controls. Entire coding region, exon-intron junctions of four genes were sequenced in DNA from 39 Saudi VKH patients and 50 ethnically matched healthy individuals. All patients and controls were unrelated. RESULTS Vitamin D levels in VKH patients were found either insufficient (21-29 ng/mL) or deficient (<20 ng/mL). Sequencing analysis of the VDR, CYP24A1, CYP27B1 and CYP2R1 detected twelve nucleotide changes in these genes in our cohort of 39 patients; 4 of which were non-coding, 6 were synonymous coding and 2 were non-synonymous coding sequence changes. All synonymous coding variants were benign polymorphisms with no apparent clinical significance. A non-synonymous coding sequence variant (c.2 T > C; p.1Met?) found in VDR is an initiation coding change and was detected in control individuals as well, while another variant (c.852G > A; p.284 M > I) found in CYP2R1 is predicted to be disease causing by mutationtaster software. This potentially pathogenic variant was found in 17 out of 39 VKH patients. CONCLUSIONS Screening of four Vitamin D pathway genes in 39 VKH patients shows that a potentially pathogenic sequence variant in CYP2R1 may cause VKH in a subset of patients. These findings support the previous observation that low vitamin D levels might play a role in VKH pathogenesis and mutations in genes involved in vitamin D anabolism and catabolism might be of importance in VKH pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma'an Abdullah Al-Barry
- College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Magribi Hospital, Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alia M Albalawi
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, 30001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abu Sayf
- College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Badawi
- College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibtain Afzal
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11472, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Latif
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, 30001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed I Samman
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, 30001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulman Basit
- Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawarah, Medina, 30001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Roggenbuck M, Anderson D, Barfod KK, Feelisch M, Geldenhuys S, Sørensen SJ, Weeden CE, Hart PH, Gorman S. Vitamin D and allergic airway disease shape the murine lung microbiome in a sex-specific manner. Respir Res 2016; 17:116. [PMID: 27655266 PMCID: PMC5031331 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D is under scrutiny as a potential regulator of the development of respiratory diseases characterised by chronic lung inflammation, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It has anti-inflammatory effects; however, knowledge around the relationship between dietary vitamin D, inflammation and the microbiome in the lungs is limited. In our previous studies, we observed more inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and increased bacterial load in the lungs of vitamin D-deficient male mice with allergic airway disease, suggesting that vitamin D might modulate the lung microbiome. In the current study, we examined in more depth the effects of vitamin D deficiency initiated early in life, and subsequent supplementation with dietary vitamin D on the composition of the lung microbiome and the extent of respiratory inflammation. Methods BALB/c dams were fed a vitamin D-supplemented or -deficient diet throughout gestation and lactation, with offspring continued on this diet post-natally. Some initially deficient offspring were fed a supplemented diet from 8 weeks of age. The lungs of naïve adult male and female offspring were compared prior to the induction of allergic airway disease. In further experiments, offspring were sensitised and boosted with the experimental allergen, ovalbumin (OVA), and T helper type 2-skewing adjuvant, aluminium hydroxide, followed by a single respiratory challenge with OVA. Results In mice fed a vitamin D-containing diet throughout life, a sex difference in the lung microbial community was observed, with increased levels of an Acinetobacter operational taxonomic unit (OTU) in female lungs compared to male lungs. This effect was not observed in vitamin D-deficient mice or initially deficient mice supplemented with vitamin D from early adulthood. In addition, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels inversely correlated with total bacterial OTUs, and Pseudomonas OTUs in the lungs. Increased levels of the antimicrobial murine ß-defensin-2 were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of male and female mice fed a vitamin D-containing diet. The induction of OVA-induced allergic airway disease itself had a profound affect on the OTUs identified in the lung microbiome, which was accompanied by substantially more respiratory inflammation than that induced by vitamin D deficiency alone. Conclusion These data support the notion that maintaining sufficient vitamin D is necessary for optimal lung health, and that vitamin D may modulate the lung microbiome in a sex-specific fashion. Furthermore, our data suggest that the magnitude of the pro-inflammatory and microbiome-modifying effects of vitamin D deficiency were substantially less than that of allergic airway disease, and that there is an important interplay between respiratory inflammation and the lung microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Roggenbuck
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Denise Anderson
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | | | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Sian Geldenhuys
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clare E Weeden
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia
| | - Shelley Gorman
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Rd, Subiaco, WA, 6008, Australia.
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Yoon H, Jeong DK, Park CE, Oh HJ, Kim SG. The association between gender difference with metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome score and serum vitamin D levels in Korean adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:121-129. [PMID: 27580963 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1221899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the association between gender difference with metabolic syndrome (MetS), metabolic syndrome score (MSS) and serum vitamin D levels in Korean adults. Analyses were restricted to 5147 adults (2162 men; 2985 women) aged 20 and older, using the 2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. In the non-adjusted model, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were inversely associated with MetS (p = .001) and MSS (p = .009) in men, but positively associated with MetS (p = .002) and MSS (p < .001) in women. However, when adjusted for related variables (including age), serum 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with MetS (p < .001) and MSS (p < .001) in men, but were not associated with MetS (p = .200) and MSS (p = .541) in women. In conclusion, increases in MetS and its components were inversely associated with the serum vitamin D concentration in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Yoon
- a Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science , Hanlyo University , Gwangyang-si , Jeollanam-do , South Korea
| | - Dae Keun Jeong
- b Department of Physical Therapy , Sehan University, Samho-eup , Youngam-gun , jeollanam-do , South Korea
| | - Chang Eun Park
- c Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science , Namseoul University , Cheonan-si , Chungcheongnam-do , South Korea
| | - Hye Jong Oh
- d Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science , Hanlyo University , Gwangyang-si , Jeollanam-do , South Korea
| | - Sung Gil Kim
- e Department of Radiological Science , Hanlyo University , Gwangyangsi , jeollanamdo , South Korea
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Rolf L, Damoiseaux J, Hupperts R, Huitinga I, Smolders J. Network of nuclear receptor ligands in multiple sclerosis: Common pathways and interactions of sex-steroids, corticosteroids and vitamin D3-derived molecules. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:900-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: from molecular mechanisms to clinical application. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:709-718. [PMID: 27501960 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Translational research generally refers to a "bench to bedside" approach where basic science discoveries in models move to clinical trials in humans. However, a "bedside to bench to bedside" approach may be more promising with respect to clinical relevance, since it starts with a clinical observation that can serve as a research paradigm to elucidate mechanisms and translate them back into novel therapeutic approaches. The effect of pregnancy on human autoimmune disorders in general, and multiple sclerosis (MS) in particular, serves as an intriguing example of how this can be used to understand disease pathobiology and discover new therapeutic targets. Disease activity in MS undergoes pronounced shifts in the time before, during, and after pregnancy. The most well-known and established example is a reduction in relapse rates in the last trimester by 70-80 %. However, disease activity reappears in the first few months after delivery, temporarily overshooting pre-pregnancy levels. This phenomenon has since its first description served as a model for investigating novel treatment options in animal models and has cumulated in successful phase 2a and 2b trials in female MS patients. However, recently, a number of other clinical observations have been made that might be similarly suitable to offer additional insights into pathobiological mechanisms of MS activity, progression, and possibly even incidence. Here, we outline the various changes in the clinical course of MS that have been described in relation to pregnancy, both short term and long term, and discuss how these may inform the development of novel treatments for autoimmune diseases.
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Sex effects on inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 67:137-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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