1
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Ryan AT, Kim M, Lim K. Immune Cell Migration to Cancer. Cells 2024; 13:844. [PMID: 38786066 PMCID: PMC11120175 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune cell migration is required for the development of an effective and robust immune response. This elegant process is regulated by both cellular and environmental factors, with variables such as immune cell state, anatomical location, and disease state that govern differences in migration patterns. In all cases, a major factor is the expression of cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands. Rapid adaptation to environmental conditions partly depends on intrinsic cellular immune factors that affect a cell's ability to adjust to new environment. In this review, we discuss both myeloid and lymphoid cells and outline key determinants that govern immune cell migration, including molecules required for immune cell adhesion, modes of migration, chemotaxis, and specific chemokine signaling. Furthermore, we summarize tumor-specific elements that contribute to immune cell trafficking to cancer, while also exploring microenvironment factors that can alter these cellular dynamics within the tumor in both a pro and antitumor fashion. Specifically, we highlight the importance of the secretome in these later aspects. This review considers a myriad of factors that impact immune cell trajectory in cancer. We aim to highlight the immunotherapeutic targets that can be harnessed to achieve controlled immune trafficking to and within tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison T. Ryan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (A.T.R.); (M.K.)
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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2
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Jing H, Wu X, Xiang M, Wang C, Novakovic VA, Shi J. Microparticle Phosphatidylserine Mediates Coagulation: Involvement in Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071957. [PMID: 37046617 PMCID: PMC10093313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor progression and cancer metastasis has been linked to the release of microparticles (MPs), which are shed upon cell activation or apoptosis and display parental cell antigens, phospholipids such as phosphatidylserine (PS), and nucleic acids on their external surfaces. In this review, we highlight the biogenesis of MPs as well as the pathophysiological processes of PS externalization and its involvement in coagulation activation. We review the available evidence, suggesting that coagulation factors (mainly tissue factor, thrombin, and fibrin) assist in multiple steps of tumor dissemination, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune escape, and tumor angiogenesis to support the formation of the pre-metastatic niche. Platelets are not just bystander cells in circulation but are functional players in primary tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor-induced platelet aggregation protects circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood flow shear forces and immune cell attack while also promoting the binding of CTCs to endothelial cells and extravasation, which activates tumor invasion and sustains metastasis. Finally, in terms of therapy, lactadherin can inhibit coagulation by competing effectively with coagulation factors for PS binding sites and may similarly delay tumor progression. Furthermore, we also investigate the therapeutic potential of coagulation factor inhibitors within the context of cancer treatment. The development of multiple therapies targeting platelet activation and platelet-tumor cell interactions may not only reduce the lethal consequences of thrombosis but also impede tumor growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiao Jing
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mengqi Xiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Chengyue Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Valerie A Novakovic
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
| | - Jialan Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
- Department of Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02132, USA
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3
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Platelet Membrane: An Outstanding Factor in Cancer Metastasis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020182. [PMID: 35207103 PMCID: PMC8875259 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being biological barriers where the internalization or release of biomolecules is decided, cell membranes are contact structures between the interior and exterior of the cell. Here, the processes of cell signaling mediated by receptors, ions, hormones, cytokines, enzymes, growth factors, extracellular matrix (ECM), and vesicles begin. They triggering several responses from the cell membrane that include rearranging its components according to the immediate needs of the cell, for example, in the membrane of platelets, the formation of filopodia and lamellipodia as a tissue repair response. In cancer, the cancer cells must adapt to the new tumor microenvironment (TME) and acquire capacities in the cell membrane to transform their shape, such as in the case of epithelial−mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the metastatic process. The cancer cells must also attract allies in this challenging process, such as platelets, fibroblasts associated with cancer (CAF), stromal cells, adipocytes, and the extracellular matrix itself, which limits tumor growth. The platelets are enucleated cells with fairly interesting growth factors, proangiogenic factors, cytokines, mRNA, and proteins, which support the development of a tumor microenvironment and support the metastatic process. This review will discuss the different actions that platelet membranes and cancer cell membranes carry out during their relationship in the tumor microenvironment and metastasis.
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4
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Subhan MA, Torchilin VP. Neutrophils as an emerging therapeutic target and tool for cancer therapy. Life Sci 2021; 285:119952. [PMID: 34520766 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Activation of neutrophils is necessary for the protection of the host against microbial infection. This property can be used as mode of therapy for cancer treatment. Neutrophils have conflicting dual functions in cancer as either a tumor promoter or inhibitor. Neutrophil-based drug delivery has achieved increased attention in pre-clinical models. This review addresses in detail the different neutrophil constituents, the conflicting function of neutrophils and activation of the neutrophil as an important target of therapy for cancer treatment, and use of neutrophils or neutrophil membrane-derived vesicles as vehicles for drug delivery and targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh..
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Neutrophils in Tumorigenesis: Missing Targets for Successful Next Generation Cancer Therapies? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136744. [PMID: 34201758 PMCID: PMC8268516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils—once considered as simple killers of pathogens and unexciting for cancer research—are now acknowledged for their role in the process of tumorigenesis. Neutrophils are recruited to the tumor microenvironment where they turn into tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and are able to initiate and promote tumor progression and metastasis. Conversely, anti-tumorigenic properties of neutrophils have been documented, highlighting the versatile nature and high pleiotropic plasticity of these polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN-L). Here, we dissect the ambivalent roles of TANs in cancer and focus on selected functional aspects that could be therapeutic targets. Indeed, the critical point of targeting TAN functions lies in the fact that an immunosuppressive state could be induced, resulting in unwanted side effects. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms linked to diverse TAN functions in different cancer types is necessary to define appropriate therapeutic strategies that are able to induce and maintain an anti-tumor microenvironment.
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6
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Shlobin NA, Har-Even M, Itsekson-Hayosh Z, Harnof S, Pick CG. Role of Thrombin in Central Nervous System Injury and Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:562. [PMID: 33921354 PMCID: PMC8070021 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is a Na+-activated allosteric serine protease of the chymotrypsin family involved in coagulation, inflammation, cell protection, and apoptosis. Increasingly, the role of thrombin in the brain has been explored. Low concentrations of thrombin are neuroprotective, while high concentrations exert pathological effects. However, greater attention regarding the involvement of thrombin in normal and pathological processes in the central nervous system is warranted. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of thrombin action, localization, and functions in the central nervous system and describe the involvement of thrombin in stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and primary central nervous system tumors. We aim to comprehensively characterize the role of thrombin in neurological disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Shlobin
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Meirav Har-Even
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ze’ev Itsekson-Hayosh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel;
- Department of Neurology and Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer 5262000, Israel
| | - Sagi Harnof
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beilinson Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel;
| | - Chaim G. Pick
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Center for Biology of Addictive Diseases, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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7
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Miskolci V, Klemm LC, Huttenlocher A. Cell Migration Guided by Cell-Cell Contacts in Innate Immunity. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 31:86-94. [PMID: 33281034 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The directed migration of leukocytes to sites of damage or infection is necessary for a productive immune response. There is substantial evidence supporting a key role for chemoattractants in directed migration, however, less is known about how cell-cell contacts affect the migratory behavior of leukocytes in innate immunity. Here, we explore how cell-cell contacts can affect the directed migration of innate immune cells, including their role in attracting, repelling, or stopping cell motility. Further investigation of cell contact dynamics as guidance cues may yield new insights into the regulation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lucas C Klemm
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Graduate Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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8
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Gordon-Weeks A, Yuzhalin AE. Cancer Extracellular Matrix Proteins Regulate Tumour Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3331. [PMID: 33187209 PMCID: PMC7696558 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an increasingly recognised role in the development and progression of cancer. Whilst significant progress has been made in targeting aspects of the tumour microenvironment such as tumour immunity and angiogenesis, there are no therapies that address the cancer ECM. Importantly, immune function relies heavily on the structure, physics and composition of the ECM, indicating that cancer ECM and immunity are mechanistically inseparable. In this review we highlight mechanisms by which the ECM shapes tumour immunity, identifying potential therapeutic targets within the ECM. These data indicate that to fully realise the potential of cancer immunotherapy, the cancer ECM requires simultaneous consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Gordon-Weeks
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Room 6607, Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Arseniy E. Yuzhalin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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9
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Genna A, Vanwynsberghe AM, Villard AV, Pottier C, Ancel J, Polette M, Gilles C. EMT-Associated Heterogeneity in Circulating Tumor Cells: Sticky Friends on the Road to Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1632. [PMID: 32575608 PMCID: PMC7352430 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) generate hybrid phenotypes with an enhanced ability to adapt to diverse microenvironments encountered during the metastatic spread. Accordingly, EMTs play a crucial role in the biology of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and contribute to their heterogeneity. Here, we review major EMT-driven properties that may help hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal CTCs to survive in the bloodstream and accomplish early phases of metastatic colonization. We then discuss how interrogating EMT in CTCs as a companion biomarker could help refine cancer patient management, further supporting the relevance of CTCs in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Genna
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Aline M. Vanwynsberghe
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Amélie V. Villard
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
| | - Charles Pottier
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Julien Ancel
- CHU (Centre Hopitalier Universitaire) de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Service de Pneumologie, 51092 Reims, France;
- INSERM, UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France;
| | - Myriam Polette
- INSERM, UMR (Unité Mixte de Recherche)-S1250, SFR CAP-SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France;
- CHU de Reims, Hôpital Maison Blanche, Laboratoire de Pathologie, 51092 Reims, France
| | - Christine Gilles
- GIGA-Cancer, Laboratory of Tumor and Development Biology, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Pathology Tower, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (A.G.); (A.M.V.); (A.V.V.); (C.P.)
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10
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Shi P, Wang X, Davis B, Coyne J, Dong C, Reynolds J, Wang Y. In Situ Synthesis of an Aptamer-Based Polyvalent Antibody Mimic on the Cell Surface for Enhanced Interactions between Immune and Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11892-11897. [PMID: 32307868 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An ability to promote therapeutic immune cells to recognize cancer cells is important for the success of cell-based cancer immunotherapy. We present a synthetic method for functionalizing the surface of natural killer (NK) cells with a supramolecular aptamer-based polyvalent antibody mimic (PAM). The PAM is synthesized on the cell surface through nucleic acid assembly and hybridization. The data show that PAM has superiority over its monovalent counterpart in powering NKs to bind to cancer cells, and that PAM-engineered NK cells exhibit the capability of killing cancer cells more effectively. Notably, aptamers can, in principle, be discovered against any cell receptors; moreover, the aptamers can be replaced by any other ligands when developing a PAM. Thus, this work has successfully demonstrated a technology platform for promoting interactions between immune and cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Brandon Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - James Coyne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joshua Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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11
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Shi P, Wang X, Davis B, Coyne J, Dong C, Reynolds J, Wang Y. In Situ Synthesis of an Aptamer‐Based Polyvalent Antibody Mimic on the Cell Surface for Enhanced Interactions between Immune and Cancer Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Xuelin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Brandon Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - James Coyne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Joshua Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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12
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Mollinedo F. Neutrophil Degranulation, Plasticity, and Cancer Metastasis. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:228-242. [PMID: 30777721 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first responders to inflammation and infection. Recently, an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has generally become a prognostic indicator of poor overall survival in cancer. Accordingly, heterogeneous ill-defined neutrophil-like populations have been increasingly recognized as important players in cancer development. In addition, neutrophil granule proteins released upon cell activation have been associated with tumor progression; this differential granule mobilization may allow neutrophils - and possibly associated cancer cells - to leave the bloodstream and enter inflamed/infected tissues. This review discusses and proposes how granule mobilization may facilitate neutrophil-mediated transport of cancer cells into different tissues as well as leading to different cellular phenotypes that underlie remarkable neutrophil plasticity. This concept might inform novel neutrophil-centered approaches to putative cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustino Mollinedo
- Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Calle Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Inflamed neutrophils sequestered at entrapped tumor cells via chemotactic confinement promote tumor cell extravasation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7022-7027. [PMID: 29915060 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715932115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation occurring around the course of tumor progression and treatment are often correlated with adverse oncological outcomes. As such, it is suspected that neutrophils, the first line of defense against infection, may play important roles in linking inflammation and metastatic seeding. To decipher the dynamic roles of inflamed neutrophils during hematogenous dissemination, we employ a multiplexed microfluidic model of the human microvasculature enabling physiologically relevant transport of circulating cells combined with real-time, high spatial resolution observation of heterotypic cell-cell interactions. LPS-stimulated neutrophils (PMNs) and tumor cells (TCs) form heterotypic aggregates under flow, and arrest due to both mechanical trapping and neutrophil-endothelial adhesions. Surprisingly, PMNs are not static following aggregation, but exhibit a confined migration pattern near TC-PMN clusters. We discover that PMNs are chemotactically confined by self-secreted IL-8 and tumor-derived CXCL-1, which are immobilized by the endothelial glycocalyx. This results in significant neutrophil sequestration with arrested tumor cells, leading to the spatial localization of neutrophil-derived IL-8, which also contributes to increasing the extravasation potential of adjacent tumor cells through modulation of the endothelial barrier. Strikingly similar migration patterns and extravasation behaviors were also observed in an in vivo zebrafish model upon PMN-tumor cell coinjection into the embryo vasculature. These insights into the temporal dynamics of intravascular tumor-PMN interactions elucidate the mechanisms through which inflamed neutrophils can exert proextravasation effects at the distant metastatic site.
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14
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Koizume S, Miyagi Y. Potential Coagulation Factor-Driven Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Ovarian Cancer Tissues Associated with Insufficient O₂ and Plasma Supply. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040809. [PMID: 28417928 PMCID: PMC5412393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor (TF) is a cell surface receptor for coagulation factor VII (fVII). The TF-activated fVII (fVIIa) complex is an essential initiator of the extrinsic blood coagulation process. Interactions between cancer cells and immune cells via coagulation factors and adhesion molecules can promote progression of cancer, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). This process is not necessarily advantageous, as tumor tissues generally undergo hypoxia due to aberrant vasculature, followed by reduced access to plasma components such as coagulation factors. However, hypoxia can activate TF expression. Expression of fVII, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines can be synergistically induced in EOC cells in response to hypoxia along with serum deprivation. Thus, pro-inflammatory responses associated with the TF-fVIIa-ICAM-1 interaction are expected within hypoxic tissues. Tumor tissue consists of multiple components such as stromal cells, interstitial fluid, albumin, and other micro-factors such as proton and metal ions. These factors, together with metabolism reprogramming in response to hypoxia and followed by functional modification of TF, may contribute to coagulation factor-driven inflammatory responses in EOC tissues. The aim of this review was to describe potential coagulation factor-driven inflammatory responses in hypoxic EOC tissues. Arguments were extended to clinical issues targeting this characteristic tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Koizume
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama 241-8515, Japan.
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15
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Xie Z, Su Y, Kim GB, Selvi E, Ma C, Aragon-Sanabria V, Hsieh JT, Dong C, Yang J. Immune Cell-Mediated Biodegradable Theranostic Nanoparticles for Melanoma Targeting and Drug Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:10.1002/smll.201603121. [PMID: 28026115 PMCID: PMC5342926 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201603121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although tremendous efforts have been made on targeted drug delivery systems, current therapy outcomes still suffer from low circulating time and limited targeting efficiency. The integration of cell-mediated drug delivery and theranostic nanomedicine can potentially improve cancer management in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. By taking advantage of innate immune cell's ability to target tumor cells, the authors develop a novel drug delivery system by using macrophages as both nanoparticle (NP) carriers and navigators to achieve cancer-specific drug delivery. Theranostic NPs are fabricated from a unique polymer, biodegradable photoluminescent poly (lactic acid) (BPLP-PLA), which possesses strong fluorescence, biodegradability, and cytocompatibility. In order to minimize the toxicity of cancer drugs to immune cells and other healthy cells, an anti-BRAF V600E mutant melanoma specific drug (PLX4032) is loaded into BPLP-PLA nanoparticles. Muramyl tripeptide is also conjugated onto the nanoparticles to improve the nanoparticle loading efficiency. The resulting nanoparticles are internalized within macrophages, which are tracked via the intrinsic fluorescence of BPLP-PLA. Macrophages carrying nanoparticles deliver drugs to melanoma cells via cell-cell binding. Pharmacological studies also indicate that the PLX4032 loaded nanoparticles effectively kill melanoma cells. The "self-powered" immune cell-mediated drug delivery system demonstrates a potentially significant advancement in targeted theranostic cancer nanotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yixue Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gloria B. Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Erhan Selvi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Chuying Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Virginia Aragon-Sanabria
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Dr. Jian Yang, ; Dr. Cheng Dong,
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Research Institute, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Dr. Jian Yang, ; Dr. Cheng Dong,
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16
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Wojtukiewicz MZ, Hempel D, Sierko E, Tucker SC, Honn KV. Thrombin-unique coagulation system protein with multifaceted impacts on cancer and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2017; 35:213-33. [PMID: 27189210 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-016-9626-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The association between blood coagulation and cancer development is well recognized. Thrombin, the pleiotropic enzyme best known for its contribution to fibrin formation and platelet aggregation during vascular hemostasis, may also trigger cellular events through protease-activated receptors, PAR-1 and PAR-4, leading to cancer progression. Our pioneering findings provided evidence that thrombin contributes to cancer metastasis by increasing adhesive potential of malignant cells. However, there is evidence that thrombin regulates every step of cancer dissemination: (1) cancer cell invasion, detachment from primary tumor, migration; (2) entering the blood vessel; (3) surviving in vasculature; (4) extravasation; (5) implantation in host organs. Recent studies have provided new molecular data about thrombin generation in cancer patients and the mechanisms by which thrombin contributes to transendothelial migration, platelet/tumor cell interactions, angiogenesis, and other processes. Though a great deal is known regarding the role of thrombin in cancer dissemination, there are new data for multiple thrombin-mediated events that justify devoting focus to this topic with a comprehensive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Z Wojtukiewicz
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland. .,Department of Clinical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Dominika Hempel
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Sierko
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Bialystok, 12 Ogrodowa St., 15-025, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Radiotherapy, Comprehensive Cancer Center in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Stephanie C Tucker
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth V Honn
- Bioactive Lipids Research Program, Department of Pathology-School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI, USA
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17
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Ko YP, Flick MJ. Fibrinogen Is at the Interface of Host Defense and Pathogen Virulence in Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Semin Thromb Hemost 2016; 42:408-21. [PMID: 27056151 PMCID: PMC5514417 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1579635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen not only plays a pivotal role in hemostasis but also serves key roles in antimicrobial host defense. As a rapidly assembled provisional matrix protein, fibrin(ogen) can function as an early line of host protection by limiting bacterial growth, suppressing dissemination of microbes to distant sites, and mediating host bacterial killing. Fibrinogen-mediated host antimicrobial activity occurs predominantly through two general mechanisms, namely, fibrin matrices functioning as a protective barrier and fibrin(ogen) directly or indirectly driving host protective immune function. The potential of fibrin to limit bacterial infection and disease has been countered by numerous bacterial species evolving and maintaining virulence factors that engage hemostatic system components within vertebrate hosts. Bacterial factors have been isolated that simply bind fibrinogen or fibrin, promote fibrin polymer formation, or promote fibrin dissolution. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic gram-positive bacterium, the causative agent of a wide range of human infectious diseases, and a prime example of a pathogen exquisitely sensitive to host fibrinogen. Indeed, current data suggest fibrinogen serves as a context-dependent determinant of host defense or pathogen virulence in Staphylococcus infection whose ultimate contribution is dictated by the expression of S. aureus virulence factors, the path of infection, and the tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Ko
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute for Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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18
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CD82 suppresses CD44 alternative splicing-dependent melanoma metastasis by mediating U2AF2 ubiquitination and degradation. Oncogene 2016; 35:5056-5069. [PMID: 27041584 PMCID: PMC5033661 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal forms of skin cancer because of its early metastatic spread. The variant form of CD44 (CD44v), a cell surface glycoprotein, is highly expressed on metastatic melanoma. The mechanisms of regulation of CD44 alternative splicing in melanoma and its pathogenic contributions are so far poorly understood. Here, we investigated the expression level of CD44 in a large set of melanocytic lesions at different stages. We found that the expression of CD44v8-10 and a splicing factor, U2AF2, is significantly increased during melanoma progression, whereas CD82/KAI1, a tetraspanin family of tumor suppressor, is reduced in metastatic melanoma. CD44v8-10 and U2AF2 expression levels, which are negatively correlated with CD82 levels, are markedly elevated in primary melanoma compared with dysplastic nevi and further increased in metastatic melanoma. We also showed that patients with higher CD44v8-10 and U2AF2 expression levels tended to have shorter survival. By using both in vivo and in vitro assays, we demonstrated that CD82 inhibits the production of CD44v8-10 on melanoma. Mechanistically, U2AF2 is a downstream target of CD82 and in malignant melanoma facilitates CD44v8-10 alternative splicing. U2AF2-mediated CD44 isoform switch is required for melanoma migration in vitro and lung and liver metastasis in vivo. Notably, overexpression of CD82 suppresses U2AF2 activity by inducing U2AF2 ubiquitination. In addition, our data suggested that enhancement of melanoma migration by U2AF2-dependent CD44v8-10 splicing is mediated by Src/focal adhesion kinase/RhoA activation and formation of stress fibers, as well as CD44-E-selectin binding reinforcement. These findings uncovered a hitherto unappreciated function of CD82 in severing the linkage between U2AF2-mediated CD44 alternative splicing and cancer aggressiveness, with potential prognostic and therapeutic implications in melanoma.
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19
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Gaddes ER, Lee D, Gydush G, Wang Y, Dong C. Regulation of fibrin-mediated tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium using anti-thrombin aptamer. Exp Cell Res 2015; 339:417-26. [PMID: 26481421 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Molecular intervention during transient stages of various metastatic pathways may lead to development of promising therapeutic technologies. One of such involves soluble fibrin (sFn) that has been implicated as a cross-linker between circulating blood or tumor cells and endothelial cell receptors, promoting cell arrest on the endothelium during circulation. sFn generation is a result of thrombin-mediated fibrinogen (Fg) cleavage due to either vascular injuries or a tumor microenvironment. For cancer therapy, thrombin-mediated conversions of Fg to sFn thus serve as potential intervention points to decrease circulating tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium and subsequent metastatic events. The purpose of this work was to investigate the function of an anti-thrombin oligonucleotide aptamer in reducing tumor cell arrest. Both molecular and cellular interactions were examined to demonstrate the binding and inhibitory effects of anti-thrombin aptamer. The results show that the aptamer is capable of inhibiting thrombin-mediated Fg conversion, thereby reducing sFn-mediated tumor cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. Notably, the aptamer is able to bind thrombin under dynamic flow conditions and reduce tumor cell adhesive events at various physiological shear rates. This study further indicates that oligonucleotide aptamers hold great promise as therapeutic regulators of tumor cell adhesion, and consequently, metastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Gaddes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Deborah Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gregory Gydush
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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20
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C6-ceramide nanoliposome suppresses tumor metastasis by eliciting PI3K and PKCζ tumor-suppressive activities and regulating integrin affinity modulation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9275. [PMID: 25792190 PMCID: PMC4366857 DOI: 10.1038/srep09275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoliposomal formulation of C6-ceramide, a proapoptotic sphingolipid metabolite, presents an effective way to treat malignant tumor. Here, we provide evidence that acute treatment (30 min) of melanoma and breast cancer cells with nanoliposomal C6-ceramide (NaL-C6) may suppress cell migration without inducing cell death. By employing a novel flow migration assay, we demonstrated that NaL-C6 decreased tumor extravasation under shear conditions. Compared with ghost nanoliposome, NaL-C6 triggered phosphorylation of PI3K and PKCζ and dephosphorylation of PKCα. Concomitantly, activated PKCζ translocated into cell membrane. siRNA knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PKCζ or PI3K rescued NaL-C6-mediated suppression of tumor migration. By inducing dephosphorylation of paxillin, PKCζ was responsible for NaL-C6-mediated stress fiber depolymerization and focal adhesion disassembly in the metastatic tumor cells. PKCζ and PI3K regulated cell shear-resistant adhesion in a way that required integrin αvβ3 affinity modulation. In conclusion, we identified a novel role of acute nanoliposomal ceramide treatment in reducing integrin affinity and inhibiting melanoma metastasis by conferring PI3K and PKCζ tumor-suppressive activities.
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21
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Jóźwik M, Okungbowa OE, Lipska A, Jóźwik M, Smoktunowicz M, Semczuk A, Jóźwik M, Radziwon P. Surface antigen expression on peripheral blood monocytes in women with gynecologic malignancies. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:129. [PMID: 25880896 PMCID: PMC4416309 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Of many specialized blood cells, monocytes are gaining increasing attention for their role in neoplastic disorders. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the expression of selected peripheral blood monocyte surface antigens in cases of cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. In addition, our aim was to validate the diagnostic value of two artificial coefficients recently proposed for the diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies: Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), and Multiplication of Neutrophil and Monocyte Counts (MNM). Methods We studied 69 white Caucasian women with histopathologic confirmation of endometrial (N = 42), cervical (N = 13), and ovarian (N = 14) cancers. Reference Group I were women suspected of cancer but histologically nullified (N = 20), and Group II were healthy blood donors (N = 23). Expression of CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, CD16, CD54 (ICAM-1), CD62 L (L-selectin), CD64, and HLA-DR was measured with immunofluorescence in a flow cytometer. Results CD54 expression increased by ≥35.6% (p < 0.001) whilst HLA-DR decreased by ≥10.8% (p < 0.001) in all cancer subgroups and Group I as compared to blood donors. A correlation (p < 0.05) between CD54 and CD62 L was stronger in all cancers studied than in healthy subjects. There was no difference in the NLR values between any of these subgroups. Moreover, we observed an increase in MNM parameter in cases of cervical and endometrial cancer and in the Reference Group I. Conclusions In the studied gynecologic malignancies, CD54 expression on peripheral blood monocytes is enhanced, indicating a higher transmigrational potential present in such patients, and HLA-DR expression diminished, indicating a decreased readiness of the immune system to recognize foreign antigens. The more pronounced correlation for the expression of CD54 and CD62 L in cancer suggests that monocytes uptake from the bloodstream and their local adhesion increase the pool of tumor-associated macrophages. This study challenged the suggested credibility and usefulness of the artificial parameters of MNM and NLR for the differential diagnosis of gynecologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Jóźwik
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Białystok, Skłodowskiej 24 A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Osazee E Okungbowa
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, Medical University of Białystok, Skłodowskiej 24 A, 15-276, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Alina Lipska
- Regional Center for Transfusion Medicine, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Jóźwik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | | | - Andrzej Semczuk
- IInd Department of Gynecology, Lublin Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał Jóźwik
- Department of Reproductive Health, National Research Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland. .,Medical Institute, State Higher School of Computer Science and Business Administration, Łomża, Poland.
| | - Piotr Radziwon
- Regional Center for Transfusion Medicine, Białystok, Poland. .,Department of Hematology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
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22
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Zhang P, Bai H, Liu G, Wang H, Chen F, Zhang B, Zeng P, Wu C, Peng C, Huang C, Song Y, Song E. MicroRNA-33b, upregulated by EF24, a curcumin analog, suppresses the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and migratory potential of melanoma cells by targeting HMGA2. Toxicol Lett 2015; 234:151-61. [PMID: 25725129 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diphenyl difluoroketone (EF24), a curcumin analog, exhibits potent anti-tumor activities by arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis. However, the efficacy and modes of action of EF24 on melanoma metastasis remain elusive. In this study, we found that at non-cytotoxic concentrations, EF24 suppressed cell motility and epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of melanoma cell lines, Lu1205 and A375. EF24 also suppressed HMGA2 expression at mRNA and protein levels. miR-33b directly bound to HMGA2 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) to suppress its expression as measured by dual-luciferase assay. EF24 increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased STAT3 phosphorylation and expression of the mesenchymal markers, vimentin and N-cadherin. miR-33b inhibition or HMGA2 overexpression reverted EF24-mediated suppression of EMT phenotypes. In addition, EF24 modulated the HMGA2-dependent actin stress fiber formation, focal adhesion assembly and FAK, Src and RhoA activation by targeting miR-33b. Thus, the results suggest that EF24 suppresses melanoma metastasis via upregulating miR-33b and concomitantly reducing HMGA2 expression. The observed activities of EF24 support its further evaluation as an anti-metastatic agent in melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China; Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, United States.
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Gentao Liu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Rd, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyong Wang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 507 Zhengmin Rd, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Panying Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjin Huang
- Institute of Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, People's Republic of China; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, United States
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqun Song
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University),Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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23
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Protein– and Peptide–Drug Conjugates. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 98:1-55. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Perspectives: Interplay Between Melanoma Regulated Fibrin and Receptor Mediated Adhesion Under Shear Flow. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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25
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Ribeiro AJ, Khanna P, Sukumar A, Dong C, Dahl KN. Nuclear stiffening inhibits migration of invasive melanoma cells. Cell Mol Bioeng 2014; 7:544-551. [PMID: 25544862 PMCID: PMC4276563 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-014-0358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
During metastasis, melanoma cells must be sufficiently deformable to squeeze through extracellular barriers with small pore sizes. We visualize and quantify deformability of single cells using micropipette aspiration and examine the migration potential of a population of melanoma cells using a flow migration apparatus. We artificially stiffen the nucleus with recombinant overexpression of Δ50 lamin A, which is found in patients with Hutchison Gilford progeria syndrome and in aged individuals. Melanoma cells, both WM35 and Lu1205, both show reduced nuclear deformability and reduced cell invasion with the expression of Δ50 lamin A. These studies suggest that cellular aging including expression of Δ50 lamin A and nuclear stiffening may reduce the potential for metastatic cancer migration. Thus, the pathway of cancer metastasis may be kept in check by mechanical factors in addition to known chemical pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Payal Khanna
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Aishwarya Sukumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Melon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Bioengineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Kris Noel Dahl
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Melon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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26
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Zhang P, Goodrich C, Fu C, Dong C. Melanoma upregulates ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells through engagement of tumor CD44 with endothelial E-selectin and activation of a PKCα-p38-SP-1 pathway. FASEB J 2014; 28:4591-609. [PMID: 25138157 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-202747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis involves multistep adhesive interactions between tumor cells (TCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), but the molecular mechanisms of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment remain elusive. Using static and flow coculture systems in conjunction with flow cytometry, we discovered that certain receptors on the ECs are upregulated on melanoma cell adhesion. Direct contact but not separate coculture between human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a human melanoma cell line (Lu1205) increased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin expression on HUVECs by 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively, compared with HUVECs alone. The nonmetastatic cell line WM35 failed to promote ICAM-1 expression changes in HUVECs on contact. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that EC-TC contact has a synergistic effect on the expression of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, and growth-related oncogene α (Gro-α). By using E-selectin cross-linking and beads coated with CD44 immunopurified from Lu1205 cells, we showed that CD44/selectin ligation was responsible for the ICAM-1 up-regulation on HUVECs. Protein kinase Cα (PKC-α) activation was found to be the downstream target of the CD44/selectin-initiated signaling, as ICAM-1 elevation was inhibited by siRNA targeting PKCα or a dominant negative form of PKCα (PKCα DN). Western blot analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) showed that TC-EC contact mediated p38 phosphorylation and binding of the transcription factor SP-1 to its regulation site. In conclusion, CD44/selectin binding signals ICAM-1 up-regulation on the EC surface through a PKCα-p38-SP-1 pathway, which further enhances melanoma cell adhesion to ECs during metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chris Goodrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Changliang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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27
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Uppal A, Wightman SC, Ganai S, Weichselbaum RR, An G. Investigation of the essential role of platelet-tumor cell interactions in metastasis progression using an agent-based model. Theor Biol Med Model 2014; 11:17. [PMID: 24725600 PMCID: PMC4022382 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4682-11-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic tumors are a major source of morbidity and mortality for most cancers. Interaction of circulating tumor cells with endothelium, platelets and neutrophils play an important role in the early stages of metastasis formation. These complex dynamics have proven difficult to study in experimental models. Prior computational models of metastases have focused on tumor cell growth in a host environment, or prediction of metastasis formation from clinical data. We used agent-based modeling (ABM) to dynamically represent hypotheses of essential steps involved in circulating tumor cell adhesion and interaction with other circulating cells, examine their functional constraints, and predict effects of inhibiting specific mechanisms. METHODS We developed an ABM of Early Metastasis (ABMEM), a descriptive semi-mechanistic model that replicates experimentally observed behaviors of populations of circulating tumor cells, neutrophils, platelets and endothelial cells while incorporating representations of known surface receptor, autocrine and paracrine interactions. Essential downstream cellular processes were incorporated to simulate activation in response to stimuli, and calibrated with experimental data. The ABMEM was used to identify potential points of interdiction through examination of dynamic outcomes such as rate of tumor cell binding after inhibition of specific platelet or tumor receptors. RESULTS The ABMEM reproduced experimental data concerning neutrophil rolling over endothelial cells, inflammation-induced binding between neutrophils and platelets, and tumor cell interactions with these cells. Simulated platelet inhibition with anti-platelet drugs produced unstable aggregates with frequent detachment and re-binding. The ABMEM replicates findings from experimental models of circulating tumor cell adhesion, and suggests platelets play a critical role in this pre-requisite for metastasis formation. Similar effects were observed with inhibition of tumor integrin αV/β3. These findings suggest that anti-platelet or anti-integrin therapies may decrease metastasis by preventing stable circulating tumor cell adhesion. CONCLUSION Circulating tumor cell adhesion is a complex, dynamic process involving multiple cell-cell interactions. The ABMEM successfully captures the essential interactions necessary for this process, and allows for in-silico iterative characterization and invalidation of proposed hypotheses regarding this process in conjunction with in-vitro and in-vivo models. Our results suggest that anti-platelet therapies and anti-integrin therapies may play a promising role in inhibiting metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gary An
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S, Maryland Avenue, MC 5094 S-032, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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28
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Cools-Lartigue J, Spicer J, McDonald B, Gowing S, Chow S, Giannias B, Bourdeau F, Kubes P, Ferri L. Neutrophil extracellular traps sequester circulating tumor cells and promote metastasis. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:67484. [PMID: 23863628 PMCID: PMC3726160 DOI: 10.1172/jci67484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 915] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with cancer undergo at least one surgical procedure as part of their treatment. Severe postsurgical infection is associated with adverse oncologic outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that neutrophils, which function as the first line of defense during infections, facilitate cancer progression. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular neutrophil-derived DNA webs released in response to inflammatory cues that trap and kill invading pathogens. The role of NETs in cancer progression is entirely unknown. We report that circulating tumor cells become trapped within NETs in vitro under static and dynamic conditions. In a murine model of infection using cecal ligation and puncture, we demonstrated microvascular NET deposition and consequent trapping of circulating lung carcinoma cells within DNA webs. NET trapping was associated with increased formation of hepatic micrometastases at 48 hours and gross metastatic disease burden at 2 weeks following tumor cell injection. These effects were abrogated by NET inhibition with DNAse or a neutrophil elastase inhibitor. These findings implicate NETs in the process of cancer metastasis in the context of systemic infection and identify NETs as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cools-Lartigue
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan Spicer
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stephen Gowing
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Simon Chow
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Betty Giannias
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - France Bourdeau
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lorenzo Ferri
- LD MacLean Surgical Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Calvin, Phoebe, and Joan Snyder Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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29
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Lin BW, Jiao ZL, Fan JF, Peng L, Li L, Zhao ZG, Ding XY, Li HJ. Inhibitory effect of melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 on invasion in vitro of human melanoma cancer cells. J Korean Med Sci 2013; 28:833-9. [PMID: 23772146 PMCID: PMC3677998 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2013.28.6.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of metastasis potential is a critical point for malignant tumors. Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) is a potential tumor suppress gene and frequently down-regulated in malignant tumors. It has been implicated that overexpression of MDA-7 led to proliferation inhibition in many types of human tumor. Invasion is an important process which is potential to promote tumor metastasis. However, the role and potential molecular mechanism of mda-7/IL-24 to inhibit the invasion of human melanoma cancer is not fully clear. In this report, we identified a solid role for mda-7/IL-24 in invasion inhibition of human melanoma cancer LiBr cells, including decreasing of adhesion and invasion in vitro, blocking cell cycle, down-regulating the expression of ICAM-1, MMP-2/9, CDK1, the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, NF-κB and AP-1 transcription activity. Meanwhile, there was an increased expression of PTEN in mda-7/IL-24 over-expression LiBr cells. Our results demonstrated that mda-7/IL-24 is a potential invasion suppress gene, which inhibits the invasion of LiBr cells by the down-regulation of ICAM-1, MMP-2/9, PTEN, and CDK1 expression. The molecular pathways involved were the MAPK/ERK, PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, and AP-1. These findings suggest that mda-7/IL-24 may be used as a possible therapeutic strategy for human melanoma cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-wen Lin
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-long Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Navy Headquarters Clinics, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-feng Fan
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-gang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-yu Ding
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Heng-jin Li
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
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30
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Evani SJ, Prabhu RG, Gnanaruban V, Finol EA, Ramasubramanian AK. Monocytes mediate metastatic breast tumor cell adhesion to endothelium under flow. FASEB J 2013; 27:3017-29. [PMID: 23616566 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-224824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial adhesion is necessary for the hematogenous dissemination of tumor cells. However, the metastatic breast tumor cell MDA-MB-231 does not bind to the endothelium under physiological flow conditions, suggesting alternate mechanisms of adhesion. Since monocytes are highly represented in the tumor microenvironment, and also bind to endothelium during inflammation, we hypothesized that the monocytes assist in the arrest of MDA-MB-231 on the endothelium. Using in vitro models of the dynamic shear environment of the vasculature, we show that TNF-α-activated THP1/primary human monocytes and MDA-MB-231 cells form stable aggregates, and that the monocytes in these aggregates mediate the adhesion of otherwise nonadherent MDA-MB-231 cells to inflamed endothelium under flow (55±2.4 vs. 1.7±0.82 at a shear stress of 0.5 dyn/cm(2), P<0.01). We also show that the hydrodynamic forces determine the size and orientation of aggregates adhered to the endothelium, and strongly favor the attachment of small aggregates with tumor cells downstream of flow (74-86% doublets at 0.5-2 dyn/cm(2), P<0.01). The 5-fold up-regulation of ICAM-1 on TNF-α-activated MDA-MB-231 cells through the Nf-κB pathway was found to be critical in MDA-MB-231-monocyte aggregation and endothelial adhesion. Our results demonstrate that, under inflammatory conditions, monocytes may serve to disseminate tumor cells through circulation, and the tumor-monocyte-endothelial axis may represent a new therapeutic target to reduce cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar J Evani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
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31
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Geng Y, Chandrasekaran S, Hsu JW, Gidwani M, Hughes AD, King MR. Phenotypic switch in blood: effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on breast cancer cell aggregation and adhesion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54959. [PMID: 23372803 PMCID: PMC3553003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematogeneous metastasis can occur via a cascade of circulating tumor cell adhesion events to the endothelial lining of the vasculature, i.e. the metastatic cascade. Interestingly, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, which play an important role in potentiating the inflammatory cascade, are significantly elevated in metastatic breast cancer (BCa) patients. Despite their high metastatic potential, human breast carcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 lack interactions with E-selectin functionalized surfaces under physiological shear stresses. We hypothesized that human plasma, 3-D tumor spheroid culture, and cytokine-supplemented culture media could induce a phenotypic switch that allows BCa cells to interact with E-selectin coated surfaces under physiological flow. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence imaging, and flow-based cell adhesion assay were utilized to investigate the phenotypic changes of MDA-MB-231 cells with various treatments. Our results indicate that plasma, IL-6, and TNF-α promote breast cancer cell growth as aggregates and induce adhesive recruitment of BCa cells on E-selectin coated surfaces under flow. 3-D tumor spheroid culture exhibits the most significant increases in the interactions between BCa and E-selectin coated surfaces by upregulating CD44V4 and sLe(x) expression. Furthermore, we show that IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations in blood may regulate the recruitment of BCa cells to the inflamed endothelium. Finally, we propose a mechanism that could explain the invasiveness of 'triple-negative' breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 via a positive feedback loop of IL-6 secretion and maintenance. Taken together, our results suggest that therapeutic approaches targeting cytokine receptors and adhesion molecules on cancer cells may potentially reduce metastatic load and improve current cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Siddarth Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Jong-Wei Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Mishka Gidwani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Hughes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael R. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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32
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Evans MS, Madhunapantula SV, Robertson GP, Drabick JJ. Current and future trials of targeted therapies in cutaneous melanoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 779:223-55. [PMID: 23288642 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6176-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In order to effectively treat melanoma, targeted inhibition of key m-echanistic events regulating melanoma development such as cell proliferation, survival, angiogenesis and invasion or metastasis needs to be accomplished. The Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) pathway has been identified as a key player in melanoma development making this cascade an important therapeutic target. However, identification of the ideal pathway member to therapeutically target for maximal clinical benefit remains a challenge. In normal cells, the MAPK pathway relays extracellular signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus via a cascade of phosphorylation events, which promote cancer development. Dysregulation of the MAPK pathway occurs frequently in many human cancers including melanoma. Mutations in the B-RAF and RAS genes, genetic or epigenetic modifications are the key aberrations observed in this signaling cascade. Constitutive activation of this pathway causes oncogenic transformation of cells by promoting cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, migration, survival and angiogenesis. This review provides an overview of (a) key members of MAPK signaling regulating melanoma development; (b) key proteins which can serve as biomarkers to assess disease progression; (c) the clinical efficacy of various pharmacological agents targeting MAPK pathway; (d) current clinical trials evaluating downstream targets of the MAPK pathway; (e) issues associated with pharmacological agents such as drug resistance, induction of cancers; and finally (e) various strategies overcoming drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Evans
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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33
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Retinoic acid-induced protein 3: Identification and characterisation of a novel prognostic colon cancer biomarker. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:531-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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34
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Schaffner F, Yokota N, Ruf W. Tissue factor proangiogenic signaling in cancer progression. Thromb Res 2012; 129 Suppl 1:S127-31. [PMID: 22682123 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(12)70032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression from a dormant, non-vascularized benign tumor to metastatic disease is a multiple steps process that critically depends on contributions from the hemostatic system. Tissue factor (TF), protease activated receptors (PARs), factor VIIa, and the endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) are expressed by tumor cells as well as the host compartment. These components of the hemostatic system regulate tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Here we review the evidence that TF-dependent signaling is the major driver of primary tumor growth, whereas TF-initiated coagulation and interactions of procoagulant tumor cells with the host compartments initiate multiple pathways that support and regulate the efficiency of metastatic tumor dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Schaffner
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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35
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Botti G, Cerrone M, Scognamiglio G, Anniciello A, Ascierto PA, Cantile M. Microenvironment and tumor progression of melanoma: New therapeutic prospectives. J Immunotoxicol 2012; 10:235-52. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2012.723767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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36
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The pro-metastatic role of bone marrow-derived cells: a focus on MSCs and regulatory T cells. EMBO Rep 2012; 13:412-22. [PMID: 22473297 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2012.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several bone marrow-derived cells have been shown to promote tumour growth and progression. These cells can home to the primary tumour and become active components of the tumour microenvironment. Recent studies have also identified bone marrow-derived cells—such as mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T cells—as contributors to cancer metastasis. The innate versatility of these cells provides diverse functional aid to promote malignancy, ranging from structural support to signal-mediated suppression of the host immune response. Here, we review the role of mesenchymal stem cells and regulatory T cells in cancer metastasis. A better understanding of the bipolar nature of these bone marrow-derived cells in physiological and malignant contexts could pave the way for new therapeutics against metastatic disease.
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37
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Goc A, Liu J, Byzova TV, Somanath PR. Akt1 mediates prostate cancer cell microinvasion and chemotaxis to metastatic stimuli via integrin β₃ affinity modulation. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:713-23. [PMID: 22767145 PMCID: PMC3419951 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation of Akt and increased expression of integrin β3 are the two most important changes that have been linked to the attainment of metastatic potential by prostate cancer cells. However, a direct link between Akt activity and inside-out activation of integrin β3 in mediating prostate cancer cell metastatic properties is not established. Methods: Using functional and biochemical approaches, we examined the role of Akt1 in the affinity modulation of integrin β3 in prostate cancer cells. Results: Although expression of murine TRAMP and human PC3 cells with constitutively active Akt1 (CA-Akt1) enhanced their affinity for integrin αvβ3 specific ligands and motility on various extracellular matrix proteins, the reverse was observed with the expression of dominant-negative Akt1 (DN-Akt1). Although enhanced motility and transendothelial migration of CA-Akt1-expressing cells were blunted by co-expression with DN-integrin β3 or upon pre-treatment with integrin β3-blocking antibodies (LM 609), impaired motility and transendothelial migration of DN-Akt1-expressing cells were rescued by pre-treatment of prostate cancer cells with integrin β3-activating antibodies, AP7.4. Conclusion: Our data is the first to demonstrate a link between Akt1 activity and affinity modulation of integrin β3 in the regulation of prostate cancer cell motility, transendothelial migration and chemotaxis to metastatic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Goc
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, HM1200, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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38
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Fu Y, Kunz R, Wu J, Dong C. Study of local hydrodynamic environment in cell-substrate adhesion using side-view μPIV technology. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30721. [PMID: 22363477 PMCID: PMC3281875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell adhesion to the endothelium under shear flow conditions is a critical step that results in circulation-mediated tumor metastasis. This study presents experimental and computational techniques for studying the local hydrodynamic environment around adherent cells and how local shear conditions affect cell-cell interactions on the endothelium in tumor cell adhesion. To study the local hydrodynamic profile around heterotypic adherent cells, a side-view flow chamber assay coupled with micro particle imaging velocimetry (μPIV) technique was developed, where interactions between leukocytes and tumor cells in the near-endothelial wall region and the local shear flow environment were characterized. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were also used to obtain quantitative flow properties around those adherent cells. Results showed that cell dimension and relative cell-cell positions had strong influence on local shear rates. The velocity profile above leukocytes and tumor cells displayed very different patterns. Larger cell deformations led to less disturbance to the flow. Local shear rates above smaller cells were observed to be more affected by relative positions between two cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Bioengineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert Kunz
- Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Wu
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Dong
- Bioengineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Ozdemir T, Zhang P, Fu C, Dong C. Fibrin serves as a divalent ligand that regulates neutrophil-mediated melanoma cells adhesion to endothelium under shear conditions. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2012; 302:C1189-201. [PMID: 22262064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00346.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Elevated soluble fibrin (sFn) levels are characteristic of melanoma hematogeneous dissemination, where tumor cells interact intimately with host cells. Melanoma adhesion to the blood vessel wall is promoted by immune cell arrests and tumor-derived thrombin, a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen (sFg) into sFn. However, the molecular requirement for sFn-mediated melanoma-polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and melanoma-endothelial interactions under physiological flow conditions remain elusive. To understand this process, we studied the relative binding capacities of sFg and sFn receptors e.g., α(v)β(3) integrin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expressed on melanoma cells, ICAM-1 on endothelial cells (EC), and CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) on PMNs. Using a parallel-plate flow chamber, highly metastatic melanoma cells (1205Lu and A375M) and human PMNs were perfused over an EC monolayer expressing ICAM-1 in the presence of sFg or sFn. It was found that both the frequency and lifetime of direct melanoma adhesion or PMN-facilitated melanoma adhesion to the EC in a shear flow were increased by the presence of sFn in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, sFn fragment D and plasmin-treated sFn failed to increase melanoma adhesion, implying that sFn-bridged cell adhesion requires dimer-mediated receptor-receptor cross-linking. Finally, analysis of the respective kinetics of sFn binding to Mac-1, ICAM-1, and α(v)β(3) by single bond cell tethering assays suggested that ICAM-1 and α(v)β(3) are responsible for initial capture and firm adhesion of melanoma cells. These results provide evidence that sFn enhances melanoma adhesion directly to ICAM-1 on the EC, while prolonged shear-resistant melanoma adhesion requires interactions with PMNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Ozdemir
- Department of Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, USA
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40
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Geng Y, Marshall JR, King MR. Glycomechanics of the metastatic cascade: tumor cell-endothelial cell interactions in the circulation. Ann Biomed Eng 2011; 40:790-805. [PMID: 22101756 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0463-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic shear force plays an important role in the leukocyte adhesion cascade that involves the tethering and rolling of cells along the endothelial layer, their firm adhesion or arrest, and their extravasation or escape from the circulatory system by inducing passive deformation, or cell flattening, and microvilli stretching, as well as regulating the expression, distribution, and conformation of adhesion molecules on leukocytes and the endothelial layer. Similarly, the dissemination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the primary tumor sites is believed to involve tethering, rolling, and firm adhesion steps before their eventual extravasation which leads to secondary tumor sites (metastasis). Of particular importance to both the leukocyte adhesion cascade and the extravasation of CTCs, glycoproteins are involved in all three steps (capture, rolling, and firm adhesion) and consist of a variety of important selectin ligands. This review article provides an overview of glycoprotein glycosylation associated with the abnormal glycan expression on cancer cell surfaces, where well-established and novel selectin ligands that are cancer related are discussed. An overview of computational approaches on the effects of fluid mechanical force on glycoprotein mediated cancer cell rolling and adhesion is presented with a highlight of recent flow-based and selectin-mediated cell capturing/enriching devices. Finally, as an important branch of the glycoprotein family, mucins, specifically MUC1, are discussed in the context of their aberrant expression on cancer cells and their role as cancer cell adhesion molecules. Since metastasis relies heavily on glycoprotein interactions in the bloodstream where the fluid shear stress highly regulates cell adhesion forces, it is important to study and understand the glycomechanics of all relevant glycoproteins (well-established and novel) as they relate to the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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41
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Siller-Matula JM, Schwameis M, Blann A, Mannhalter C, Jilma B. Thrombin as a multi-functional enzyme. Focus on in vitro and in vivo effects. Thromb Haemost 2011; 106:1020-33. [PMID: 21979864 DOI: 10.1160/th10-11-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thrombin is the central protease in the coagulation cascade and one of the most extensively studied of all enzymes. In addition to its recognised role in the coagulation cascade and haemostasis, thrombin is known to have multiple pleiotropic effects, which mostly have been shown only in in vitro studies: it plays a role in inflammation and cellular proliferation and displays a mitogen activity on smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, predominantly by activation of angiogenesis. In vivo , thrombin effects were examined in animal models of intravenous or intraarterial thrombin infusion. An extensive literature search regarding in vivo data showed that i) thrombin administered as a bolus causes microembolism, ii) thrombin infused slowly at steady-state conditions (up to 1.6 U/kg/min) leads to bleeds but not to intravascular clotting, iii) large quantity of thrombin infused at low rates (0.05 U/kg/min) does not have any measurable effect, and iv) thrombin increases vascular permeability leading to tissue damage. Although several decades of research on thrombin functions have provided a framework for understanding the biology of thrombin, animal and human studies with use of newer laboratory techniques are still needed to confirm the pleiotropic thrombin functions shown in in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta M Siller-Matula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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42
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On the dual roles and polarized phenotypes of neutrophils in tumor development and progression. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2011; 82:296-309. [PMID: 21798756 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inconsistencies plague our understanding of the role of neutrophils in cancer and the literature provides evidence for a duality in neutrophil activity on the outcome of cancer. Here, the different effects of neutrophils during the multiple subprocesses of cancer development and progression are overviewed, in order to gain insight into the features of both antitumoral and protumoral tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN). Neutrophils can counteract the progression of malignancies through tumor cytotoxicity, tumor rejection and enhancement of antitumoral immune memory. These cells have recently been phenotypically denominated N1 neutrophils. Recent studies indicate that cytokines, such as TGF-β and IFN-β, are involved in directing neutrophil polarization by the tumor microenvironment. With the opposite polarity, N2 neutrophils may be detrimental for the host and beneficial for tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, e.g. through proteolysis of extracellullar matrix components, promotion of angiogenesis and mediation of immunosuppression.
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43
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Fu C, Tong C, Dong C, Long M. Modeling of Cell Aggregation Dynamics Governed by Receptor–Ligand Binding Under Shear Flow. Cell Mol Bioeng 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12195-011-0167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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