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Shen Z, Yang X, Lan Y, Chen G. The Neuro-Inflammatory Microenvironment: An Important Regulator of Stem Cell Survival in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:741-754. [PMID: 38489182 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment due to excessive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Although decades of research efforts have been put into developing disease-modifying therapies for AD, no "curative" drug has been identified. As a central player in neuro-inflammation, microglia play a key role inbrain homeostasis by phagocytosing debris and regulating the balance between neurotoxic and neuroprotective events. Typically, the neurotoxic phenotype of activated microglia is predominant in the impaired microenvironment of AD. Accordingly, transitioning the activity state of microglia from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory can restore the disrupted homeostatic microenvironment. Recently, stem cell therapy holds great promise as a treatment for AD; however, the diminished survival of transplanted stem cells has resulted in a disappointing long-term outcome for this treatment. This article reviews the functional changes of microglia through the course of AD-associated homeostatic deterioration. We summarize the possible microglia-associated therapeutic targets including TREM2, IL-3Rα, CD22, C5aR1, CX3CR1, P2X7R, CD33, Nrf2, PPAR-γ, CSF1R, and NLRP3, each of which has been discussed in detail. The goal of this review is to put forth the notion that microglia could be targeted by either small molecules or biologics to make the brain microenvironment more amenable to stem cell implantation and propose a novel treatment strategy for future stem cell interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- College of Clinical Medical, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yulong Lan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Key laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Sviercz FA, Jarmoluk P, Cevallos CG, López CAM, Freiberger RN, Guano A, Adamczyk A, Ostrowski M, Delpino MV, Quarleri J. Massively HIV-1-infected macrophages exhibit a severely hampered ability to differentiate into osteoclasts. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1206099. [PMID: 37404829 PMCID: PMC10315468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1206099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoclasts play a crucial role in bone resorption, and impairment of their differentiation can have significant implications for bone density, especially in individuals with HIV who may be at risk of altered bone health. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of HIV infection on osteoclast differentiation using primary human monocyte-derived macrophages as precursors. The study focused on assessing the impact of HIV infection on cellular adhesion, cathepsin K expression, resorptive activity, cytokine production, expression of co-receptors, and transcriptional regulation of key factors involved in osteoclastogenesis. Methods Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were utilized as precursors for osteoclast differentiation. These precursors were infected with HIV, and the effects of different inoculum sizes and kinetics of viral replication were analyzed. Subsequently, osteoclastogenesis was evaluated by measuring cellular adhesion, cathepsin K expression, and resorptive activity. Furthermore, cytokine production was assessed by monitoring the production of IL-1β, RANK-L, and osteoclasts. The expression levels of co-receptors CCR5, CD9, and CD81 were measured before and after infection with HIV. The transcriptional levels of key factors for osteoclastogenesis (RANK, NFATc1, and DC-STAMP) were examined following HIV infection. Results Rapid, massive, and productive HIV infection severely impaired osteoclast differentiation, leading to compromised cellular adhesion, cathepsin K expression, and resorptive activity. HIV infection resulted in an earlier production of IL-1β concurrent with RANK-L, thereby suppressing osteoclast production. Infection with a high inoculum of HIV increased the expression of the co-receptor CCR5, as well as the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81, which correlated with deficient osteoclastogenesis. Massive HIV infection of osteoclast precursors affected the transcriptional levels of key factors involved in osteoclastogenesis, including RANK, NFATc1, and DC-STAMP. Conclusions The effects of HIV infection on osteoclast precursors were found to be dependent on the size of the inoculum and the kinetics of viral replication. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms to develop novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of bone disorders in individuals with HIV.
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3
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Weber GE, Khrestian M, Tuason ED, Shao Y, Pillai J, Rao S, Feng H, Zhou Y, Cheng F, DeSilva TM, Stauffer S, Leverenz JB, Bekris LM. Peripheral sTREM2-Related Inflammatory Activity Alterations in Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2283-2299. [PMID: 35523454 PMCID: PMC9117433 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been linked to multiple immune system-related genetic variants. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) genetic variants are risk factors for AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) isoform is elevated in cerebrospinal fluid in the early stages of AD and is associated with slower cognitive decline in a disease stage-dependent manner. Multiple studies have reported an altered peripheral immune response in AD. However, less is known about the relationship between peripheral sTREM2 and an altered peripheral immune response in AD. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between human plasma sTREM2 and inflammatory activity in AD. The hypothesis of this exploratory study was that sTREM2-related inflammatory activity differs by AD stage. We observed different patterns of inflammatory activity across AD stages that implicate early-stage alterations in peripheral sTREM2-related inflammatory activity in AD. Notably, fractalkine showed a significant relationship with sTREM2 across different analyses in the control groups that was lost in later AD-related stages with high levels in mild cognitive impairment. Although multiple other inflammatory factors either differed significantly between groups or were significantly correlated with sTREM2 within specific groups, three inflammatory factors (fibroblast growth factor-2, GM-CSF, and IL-1β) are notable because they exhibited both lower levels in AD, compared with mild cognitive impairment, and a change in the relationship with sTREM2. This evidence provides important support to the hypothesis that sTREM2-related inflammatory activity alterations are AD stage specific and provides critical information for therapeutic strategies focused on the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Weber
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | | | | | - Yvonne Shao
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jagan Pillai
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stephen Rao
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tara M DeSilva
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; and
| | - Shaun Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH;
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Connection between Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapy and Osteoclasts in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094693. [PMID: 35563083 PMCID: PMC9102843 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of mesenchymal stem cells constitutes a promising therapeutic approach, as it has shown beneficial effects in different pathologies. Numerous in vitro, pre-clinical, and, to a lesser extent, clinical trials have been published for osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is a type of arthritis that affects diarthritic joints in which the most common and studied effect is cartilage degradation. Nowadays, it is known that osteoarthritis is a disease with a very powerful inflammatory component that affects the subchondral bone and the rest of the tissues that make up the joint. This inflammatory component may induce the differentiation of osteoclasts, the bone-resorbing cells. Subchondral bone degradation has been suggested as a key process in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. However, very few published studies directly focus on the activity of mesenchymal stem cells on osteoclasts, contrary to what happens with other cell types of the joint, such as chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and osteoblasts. In this review, we try to gather the published bibliography in relation to the effects of mesenchymal stem cells on osteoclastogenesis. Although we find promising results, we point out the need for further studies that can support mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic tool for osteoclasts and their consequences on the osteoarthritic joint.
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Sun Y, Li J, Xie X, Gu F, Sui Z, Zhang K, Yu T. Macrophage-Osteoclast Associations: Origin, Polarization, and Subgroups. Front Immunol 2021; 12:778078. [PMID: 34925351 PMCID: PMC8672114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular associations in the bone microenvironment are involved in modulating the balance between bone remodeling and resorption, which is necessary for maintaining a normal bone morphology. Macrophages and osteoclasts are both vital components of the bone marrow. Macrophages can interact with osteoclasts and regulate bone metabolism by secreting a variety of cytokines, which make a significant contribution to the associations. Although, recent studies have fully explored either macrophages or osteoclasts, indicating the significance of these two types of cells. However, it is of high importance to report the latest discoveries on the relationships between these two myeloid-derived cells in the field of osteoimmunology. Therefore, this paper reviews this topic from three novel aspects of the origin, polarization, and subgroups based on the previous work, to provide a reference for future research and treatment of bone-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiangbi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenjiang Sui
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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TREM2 Mediates Microglial Anti-Inflammatory Activations in Alzheimer's Disease: Lessons Learned from Transcriptomics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020321. [PMID: 33557250 PMCID: PMC7913972 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a lethal neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting the aged population. The etiopathogenesis of AD, especially that of the sporadic type, remains elusive. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a member of TREM immunoglobulin superfamily, plays a critical role in microglial physiology. Missense mutations in human TREM2 are determined as genetic risk factors associated with the development of sporadic AD. However, the roles of TREM2 in the pathogenesis of AD are still to be established. In this review, we outlined the influence of Trem2 on balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory microglial activations from a perspective of AD mouse model transcriptomics. On this basis, we further speculated the roles of TREM2 in different stages of AD, which may shed light to the development of TREM2-targeted strategy for the prevention and treatment of this neurodegenerative disorder.
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Chen Y, Yang Q, Lv C, Chen Y, Zhao W, Li W, Chen H, Wang H, Sun W, Yuan H. NLRP3 regulates alveolar bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis by promoting osteoclastic differentiation. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12973. [PMID: 33382502 PMCID: PMC7849172 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical part of the innate immune system and plays an important role in a variety of inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of NLRP3 inflammasome on periodontitis have not been fully studied. Materials and methods We used ligature‐induced periodontitis models of NLRP3 knockout mice (NLRP3KO) and their wildtype (WT) littermates to compare their alveolar bone phenotypes. We further used Lysm‐Cre/RosanTnG mouse to trace the changes of Lysm‐Cre+ osteoclast precursors in ligature‐induced periodontitis with or without MCC950 treatment. At last, we explored MCC950 as a potential drug for the treatment of periodontitis in vivo and in vitro. Results Here, we showed that the number of osteoclast precursors, osteoclast differentiation and alveolar bone loss were reduced in NLRP3KO mice compared with WT littermates, by using ligature‐induced periodontitis model. Next, MCC950, a specific inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, was used to inhibit osteoclast precursors differentiation into osteoclast. Further, we used Lysm‐Cre/RosanTnG mice to demonstrate that MCC950 decreases the number of Lysm‐Cre+ osteoclast precursors in ligature‐induced periodontitis. At last, treatment with MCC950 significantly suppressed alveolar bone loss with reduced IL‐1β activation and osteoclast differentiation in ligature‐induced periodontitis. Conclusion Our findings reveal that NLRP3 regulates alveolar bone loss in ligature‐induced periodontitis by promoting osteoclastic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiudong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Lv
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Taizhou People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Taizhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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The M-CSF receptor in osteoclasts and beyond. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1239-1254. [PMID: 32801364 PMCID: PMC8080670 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-FMS) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-34 are ligands of CSF1R. CSF1R-mediated signaling is crucial for the survival, function, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells, including osteoclasts, monocytes/macrophages, microglia, Langerhans cells in the skin, and Paneth cells in the intestine. CSF1R also plays an important role in oocytes and trophoblastic cells in the female reproductive tract and in the maintenance and maturation of neural progenitor cells. Given that CSF1R is expressed in a wide range of myeloid cells, altered CSF1R signaling is implicated in inflammatory, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibiting CSF1R signaling through an inhibitory anti-CSF1R antibody or small molecule inhibitors that target the kinase activity of CSF1R has thus been a promising therapeutic strategy for those diseases. In this review, we cover the recent progress in our understanding of the various roles of CSF1R in osteoclasts and other myeloid cells, highlighting the therapeutic applications of CSF1R inhibitors in disease conditions. Drugs directed at a key signaling receptor involved in breaking down bone tissue could help treat diseases marked by pathological bone loss and destruction. In a review article, Kyung-Hyun Park-Min and colleagues from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, USA, discuss the essential roles played by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) protein in the survival, function, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage stem cells in the bone marrow, including bone-resorbing osteoclasts. They explore the links between the CSF1R-mediated signaling pathway and diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The authors largely focus on bone conditions, highlighting mouse studies in which CSF1R-blocking drugs were shown to ameliorate bone loss and inflammatory symptoms in models of arthritis, osteoporosis and metastatic cancer. Clinical trials are ongoing to test therapeutic applications.
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Ragipoglu D, Dudeck A, Haffner-Luntzer M, Voss M, Kroner J, Ignatius A, Fischer V. The Role of Mast Cells in Bone Metabolism and Bone Disorders. Front Immunol 2020; 11:163. [PMID: 32117297 PMCID: PMC7025484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are important sensor and effector cells of the immune system that are involved in many physiological and pathological conditions. Increasing evidence suggests that they also play an important role in bone metabolism and bone disorders. MCs are located in the bone marrow and secrete a wide spectrum of mediators, which can be rapidly released upon activation of mature MCs following their differentiation in mucosal or connective tissues. Many of these mediators can exert osteocatabolic effects by promoting osteoclast formation [e.g., histamine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and/or by inhibiting osteoblast activity (e.g., IL-1, TNF). By contrast, MCs could potentially act in an osteoprotective manner by stimulating osteoblasts (e.g., transforming growth factor-β) or reducing osteoclastogenesis (e.g., IL-12, interferon-γ). Experimental studies investigating MC functions in physiological bone turnover using MC-deficient mouse lines give contradictory results, reporting delayed or increased bone turnover or no influence depending on the mouse model used. By contrast, the involvement of MCs in various pathological conditions affecting bone is evident. MCs may contribute to the pathogenesis of primary and secondary osteoporosis as well as inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, because increased numbers of MCs were found in patients suffering from these diseases. The clinical observations could be largely confirmed in experimental studies using MC-deficient mouse models, which also provide mechanistic insights. MCs also regulate bone healing after fracture by influencing the inflammatory response toward the fracture, vascularization, bone formation, and callus remodeling by osteoclasts. This review summarizes the current view and understanding of the role of MCs on bone in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Ragipoglu
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Voss
- Medical Faculty, Institute for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Kroner
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Trauma Research Center Ulm, Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Souza PPC, Lerner UH. Finding a Toll on the Route: The Fate of Osteoclast Progenitors After Toll-Like Receptor Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1663. [PMID: 31379855 PMCID: PMC6652233 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
M-CSF and RANKL are two crucial cytokines stimulating differentiation of mature, bone resorbing, multinucleated osteoclasts from mononucleated progenitor cells in the monocyte/macrophage lineage. In addition to the receptors for M-CSF and RANKL, osteoclast progenitor cells express receptors for several other pro- and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, which also regulate osteoclast formation by affecting signaling downstream M-CSF and RANKL receptors. Similar to many other cells originating from myeloid hematopoetic stem cells, also osteoclast progenitors express toll-like receptors (TLRs). Nine murine TLRs are expressed in the progenitors and all, with the exception of TLR2 and TLR4, are downregulated during osteoclastogenesis. Activation of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9, but not TLR5, in osteoclast progenitors stimulated with M-CSF and RANKL arrests differentiation along the osteoclastic lineage and keeps the cells at a macrophage stage. When the progenitors are primed with M-CSF/RANKL and then stimulated with agonists for TLR2, TLR4, or TLR9 in the presence of M-CSF, but in the absence of RANKL, the cells differentiate to mature, bone resorbing osteoclasts. TLR 2, 4, 5, and 9 are also expressed on osteoblasts and their activation increases osteoclast differentiation by an indirect mechanism through stimulation of RANKL. In mice, treatment with agonists for TLR2, 4, and 5 results in osteoclast formation and extensive bone loss. It remains to be shown the relative importance of inhibitory and stimulatory effects by TLRs on osteoclast progenitors and the role of RANKL produced by TLR stimulated osteoblasts, for the bone resorbing effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P C Souza
- Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Di Ceglie I, Blom AB, Davar R, Logie C, Martens JHA, Habibi E, Böttcher LM, Roth J, Vogl T, Goodyear CS, van der Kraan PM, van Lent PL, van den Bosch MH. The alarmin S100A9 hampers osteoclast differentiation from human circulating precursors by reducing the expression of RANK. FASEB J 2019; 33:10104-10115. [PMID: 31199668 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802691rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The alarmin S100A8/A9 is implicated in sterile inflammation-induced bone resorption and has been shown to increase the bone-resorptive capacity of mature osteoclasts. Here, we investigated the effects of S100A9 on osteoclast differentiation from human CD14+ circulating precursors. Hereto, human CD14+ monocytes were isolated and differentiated toward osteoclasts with M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) ligand (RANKL) in the presence or absence of S100A9. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining showed that exposure to S100A9 during monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation strongly decreased the numbers of multinucleated osteoclasts. This was underlined by a decreased resorption of a hydroxyapatite-like coating. The thus differentiated cells showed a high mRNA and protein production of proinflammatory factors after 16 h of exposure. In contrast, at d 4, the cells showed a decreased production of the osteoclast-promoting protein TNF-α. Interestingly, S100A9 exposure during the first 16 h of culture only was sufficient to reduce osteoclastogenesis. Using fluorescently labeled RANKL, we showed that, within this time frame, S100A9 inhibited the M-CSF-mediated induction of RANK. Chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that this was associated with changes in various histone marks at the epigenetic level. This S100A9-induced reduction in RANK was in part recovered by blocking TNF-α but not IL-1. Together, our data show that S100A9 impedes monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation, probably via a reduction in RANK expression.-Di Ceglie, I., Blom, A. B., Davar, R., Logie, C., Martens, J. H. A., Habibi, E., Böttcher, L.-M., Roth, J., Vogl, T., Goodyear, C. S., van der Kraan, P. M., van Lent, P. L., van den Bosch, M. H. The alarmin S100A9 hampers osteoclast differentiation from human circulating precursors by reducing the expression of RANK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Di Ceglie
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen B Blom
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robab Davar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Logie
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ehsan Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa-Marie Böttcher
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M van der Kraan
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L van Lent
- Experimental Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Cai C, Liu C, Zhao L, Liu H, Li W, Guan H, Zhao L, Xiao J. Effects of Taxifolin on Osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1286. [PMID: 30483128 PMCID: PMC6240596 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent disease which has been a major public health problem and considered to be associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and oxidative damage. Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid and possesses many pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Because flavonoids have been confirmed to fight osteoporosis and promote bone health, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of taxifolin on the formation and function of osteoclast. In this study, we examined the effects of taxifolin on osteoclast using both in vitro and in vivo studies. Taxifolin suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-κB, C-Fos and mitogen-activated protein kinase, and also decreased osteoclast-specific genes expression, including Trap, Mmp-9, Cathepsin K, C-Fos, Nfatc1, and Rank. Taxifolin also prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS) production following RANKL stimulation. In addition, taxifolin alleviated ovariectomized-induced bone loss by repressing osteoclast activity and decreasing serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in vivo. Our results indicated that taxifolin inhibits osteoclastogenesis via regulation of modulation of several RANKL signaling pathways. Therefore, taxifolin may be considered as a potential alternative therapeutic agent for treating osteoclast-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Changyu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weijin Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanfeng Guan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Lyon SM, Mayampurath A, Song D, Ye J, Januszyk M, Rose Rogers M, Ralston A, Frim DM, He TC, Reid RR. Whole-Proteome Analysis of Human Craniosynostotic Tissue Suggests a Link between Inflammatory Signaling and Osteoclast Activation in Human Cranial Suture Patency. Plast Reconstr Surg 2018; 141:250e-260e. [PMID: 29369995 PMCID: PMC11005862 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000004025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis remains poorly understood. The authors seek to understand the cause of this condition with a specific focus on how osteoclasts may contribute to craniosynostosis. Here, the authors characterize proteins differentially expressed in patent and fused cranial sutures by comparing their respective proteomes. METHODS Fused and patent suture samples were obtained from craniosynostotic patients undergoing surgery at a single academic medical center. Extracted protein from samples was interrogated using mass spectrometry. Differential protein expression was determined using maximum likelihood-based G-test with a q-value cutoffs of 0.5 after correction for multiple hypothesis testing. Immunolocalization of lead protein candidates was performed to validate proteomic findings. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of corresponding gene expression of proteins of interest was performed. RESULTS Proteins differentially expressed in patent versus fused sutures included collagen 6A1 (Col6A1), fibromodulin, periostin, aggrecan, adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1, and osteomodulin (OMD). Maximum likelihood-based G-test suggested that Col6A1, fibromodulin, and adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 are highly expressed in patent sutures compared with fused sutures, whereas OMD is up-regulated in fused sutures compared with patent sutures. These results were corroborated by immunohistochemistry. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction data point to an inverse relationship in proteins of interest to RNA transcript levels, in prematurely fused and patent sutures that potentially describes a feedback loop mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Proteome analysis validated by immunohistochemistry may provide insight into the mechanism of cranial suture patency and disease from an osteoclast perspective. The authors results suggest a role of inflammatory mediators in nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. Col6A1 may aid in the regulation of suture patency, and OMD may be involved in premature fusion. Additional validation studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Lyon
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Anoop Mayampurath
- The Computation Institute, The Center for Research Informatics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Dongzhe Song
- The Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jixing Ye
- The Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michael Januszyk
- The Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M. Rose Rogers
- The Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Ashley Ralston
- Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - David M. Frim
- Section of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- The Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Russell R. Reid
- The Laboratory of Craniofacial Development and Biology, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL
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Shiratori T, Kyumoto-Nakamura Y, Kukita A, Uehara N, Zhang J, Koda K, Kamiya M, Badawy T, Tomoda E, Xu X, Yamaza T, Urano Y, Koyano K, Kukita T. IL-1β Induces Pathologically Activated Osteoclasts Bearing Extremely High Levels of Resorbing Activity: A Possible Pathological Subpopulation of Osteoclasts, Accompanied by Suppressed Expression of Kindlin-3 and Talin-1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:218-228. [PMID: 29141864 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1602035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As osteoclasts have the central roles in normal bone remodeling, it is ideal to regulate only the osteoclasts performing pathological bone destruction without affecting normal osteoclasts. Based on a hypothesis that pathological osteoclasts form under the pathological microenvironment of the bone tissues, we here set up optimum culture conditions to examine the entity of pathologically activated osteoclasts (PAOCs). Through searching various inflammatory cytokines and their combinations, we found the highest resorbing activity of osteoclasts when osteoclasts were formed in the presence of M-CSF, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand, and IL-1β. We have postulated that these osteoclasts are PAOCs. Analysis using confocal laser microscopy revealed that PAOCs showed extremely high proton secretion detected by the acid-sensitive fluorescence probe Rh-PM and bone resorption activity compared with normal osteoclasts. PAOCs showed unique morphology bearing high thickness and high motility with motile cellular processes in comparison with normal osteoclasts. We further examined the expression of Kindlin-3 and Talin-1, essential molecules for activating integrin β-chains. Although normal osteoclasts express high levels of Kindlin-3 and Talin-1, expression of these molecules was markedly suppressed in PAOCs, suggesting the abnormality in the adhesion property. When whole membrane surface of mature osteoclasts was biotinylated and analyzed, the IL-1β-induced cell surface protein was detected. PAOCs could form a subpopulation of osteoclasts possibly different from normal osteoclasts. PAOC-specific molecules could be an ideal target for regulating pathological bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Shiratori
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Implant Rehabilitation Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukari Kyumoto-Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akiko Kukita
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Norihisa Uehara
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jingqi Zhang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kinuko Koda
- Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mako Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tamer Badawy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Erika Tomoda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Special Need Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; and
| | - Xianghe Xu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Yamaza
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Urano
- Department of Chemical Biology and Molecular Imaging, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Koyano
- Department of Implant Rehabilitation Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toshio Kukita
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
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15
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Wijekoon S, Bwalya EC, Fang J, Kim S, Hosoya K, Okumura M. Chronological differential effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation of canine bone marrow-derived macrophages. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:2030-2035. [PMID: 29109351 PMCID: PMC5745185 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate osteoclastogenic properties of inflammatory
cytokines at different time-points of osteoclastogenesis. Bone marrow-derived macrophages
from five healthy dogs were stimulated with the macrophage colony-stimulating factor,
receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and inflammatory cytokines such as
interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-17. Osteoclasts (OC) formation
and function were enhanced with TNF-α regardless of temporal differences. But in contrast,
IL-1β suppressed the osteoclastogenesis at early phase of the process while upregulating
at the late phase. Furthermore, differentiation of OC precursors into OC was suppressed at
high concentrations of IL-17. Collectively, the results revealed that suppressing TNF-α
would be a promising strategy to inhibit inflammation-associated bone destruction in
dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranji Wijekoon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Eugene C Bwalya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Jing Fang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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16
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Pretorius E, Akeredolu OO, Soma P, Kell DB. Major involvement of bacterial components in rheumatoid arthritis and its accompanying oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 242:355-373. [PMID: 27889698 PMCID: PMC5298544 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216681549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the evidence that infectious agents, including those that become dormant within the host, have a major role to play in much of the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis and the inflammation that is its hallmark. This occurs in particular because they can produce cross-reactive (auto-)antigens, as well as potent inflammagens such as lipopolysaccharide that can themselves catalyze further inflammagenesis, including via β-amyloid formation. A series of observables coexist in many chronic, inflammatory diseases as well as rheumatoid arthritis. They include iron dysregulation, hypercoagulability, anomalous morphologies of host erythrocytes, and microparticle formation. Iron dysregulation may be responsible for the periodic regrowth and resuscitation of the dormant bacteria, with concomitant inflammagen production. The present systems biology analysis benefits from the philosophical idea of "coherence," that reflects the principle that if a series of ostensibly unrelated findings are brought together into a self-consistent narrative, that narrative is thereby strengthened. As such, we provide a coherent and testable narrative for the major involvement of (often dormant) bacteria in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etheresia Pretorius
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Oore-Ofe Akeredolu
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Prashilla Soma
- 1 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, Pretoria 0007, South Africa
| | - Douglas B Kell
- 2 School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.,3 The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.,4 Centre for Synthetic Biology of Fine and Speciality Chemicals, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
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17
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Goto Y, Aoyama M, Sekiya T, Kakita H, Waguri-Nagaya Y, Miyazawa K, Asai K, Goto S. CXCR4 + CD45 - Cells are Niche Forming for Osteoclastogenesis via the SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 Signaling Pathways in Bone Marrow. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2733-2743. [PMID: 27339271 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis comprises the balance between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs), with an acceleration of osteoclastic bone resorption leading to osteoporosis. OCs can be generated from bone marrow cells (BMCs) under the tightly regulated local bone environment. However, it remained difficult to identify the critical cells responsible for providing an osteoclastogenesis niche. In this study, we used a fluorescence-activated cell sorting technique to determine the cell populations important for forming an appropriate microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis and to verify the associated interactions between osteoclast precursor cells and non-OCs. We isolated and removed a small cell population specific for osteoclastogenesis (CXCR4+ CD45- ) from mouse BMCs and cultured the remaining cells with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage-colony stimulating factor. The resulting cultures showed significantly less large osteoclast formation. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that these CXCR4+ CD45- cells expressed low levels of RANK and RANKL, but high levels of critical chemokines including stromal cell derived factor 1 (SDF-1), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7), and chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX3CL1). Furthermore, an SDF-1-specific antibody strongly suppressed OC formation in RAW264.7 cells and antibodies against SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 suppressed OC formation in BMCs. These results suggest that isolated CXCR4+ CD45- cells support an appropriate microenvironment for osteoclastogenesis with a direct effect on the cells expressing SDF-1, CXCL7, and CX3CL1 receptors. The regulation of CXCR4+ CD45- cell function might therefore inform therapeutic strategies for diseases involving loss of bone homeostasis. Stem Cells 2016;34:2733-2743.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takeo Sekiya
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakita
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuko Waguri-Nagaya
- Department of Joint Surgery for Rheumatic Diseases, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ken Miyazawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Asai
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigemi Goto
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi-Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Kawamoto D, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Bueno-Silva B, DiRienzo JM, Mayer MPA. Alteration of Homeostasis in Pre-osteoclasts Induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans CDT. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:33. [PMID: 27064424 PMCID: PMC4815040 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dysbiotic microbiota associated with aggressive periodontitis includes Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, the only oral species known to produce a cytolethal distending toxin (AaCDT). Give that CDT alters the cytokine profile in monocytic cells, we aimed to test the hypothesis that CDT plays a role in bone homeostasis by affecting the differentiation of precursor cells into osteoclasts. Recombinant AaCDT was added to murine bone marrow monocytes (BMMC) in the presence or absence of RANKL and the cell viability and cytokine profile of osteoclast precursor cells were determined. Multinucleated TRAP(+) cell numbers, and relative transcription of genes related to osteoclastogenesis were also evaluated. The addition of AaCDT did not lead to loss in cell viability but promoted an increase in the average number of TRAP(+) cells with 1-2 nuclei in the absence or presence of RANKL (Tukey, p < 0.05). This increase was also observed for TRAP(+) cells with ≥3nuclei, although this difference was not significant. Levels of TGF-β, TNF-α, and IL-6, in the supernatant fraction of cells, were higher when in AaCDT exposed cells, whereas levels of IL-1β and IL-10 were lower than controls under the same conditions. After interaction with AaCDT, transcription of the rank (encoding the receptor RANK), nfatc1 (transcription factor), and ctpK (encoding cathepsin K) genes was downregulated in pre-osteoclastic cells. The data indicated that despite the presence of RANKL and M-CSF, AaCDT may inhibit osteoclast differentiation by altering cytokine profiles and repressing transcription of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis. Therefore, the CDT may impair host defense mechanisms in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dione Kawamoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen S Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Bueno-Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph M DiRienzo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania PA, USA
| | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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Mediero A, Perez-Aso M, Wilder T, Cronstein BN. Brief Report: Methotrexate Prevents Wear Particle-Induced Inflammatory Osteolysis in Mice Via Activation of Adenosine A2A Receptor. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:849-55. [PMID: 25533750 DOI: 10.1002/art.38971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adenosine, acting at the A2A receptor, mediates the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate (MTX) in models of inflammation. We previously reported that A2A receptor ligation diminishes wear particle-driven osteolysis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether MTX treatment could prevent bone resorption caused by inflammatory osteolysis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) received intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg MTX (n = 20) or 0.9% saline (n = 10), starting 2 weeks prior to surgical implantation of 3 mg of wear particles (ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene [UHMWPE] particles). The MTX-treated mice received daily injections of vehicle or ZM241385 at the surgical site until they were killed, 14 days later. XenoLight RediJect Bone Probe 680 was injected intravenously, and fluorescence analysis of the calvaria using an IVIS imaging system was performed to assess bone formation. Micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and immunostaining for osteoclast and osteoblast markers were performed. RESULTS Implantation of wear particles induced bone pitting and thinning, as shown by micro-CT. MTX treatment markedly reduced osteolysis, and this effect was abrogated by treatment with the A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385. Implantation of UHMWPE reduced new bone formation, and MTX treatment restored new bone formation, an effect that was completely reversed by treatment with ZM241385. Histologic examination of particle-exposed calvariae demonstrated that MTX prevented accumulation of an inflammatory infiltrate at the site of particle implantation, increased the number of osteoblasts, and reduced the number of osteoclasts at the site of inflammation, an effect that was reversed by treatment with ZM241385. CONCLUSION MTX reduces inflammatory osteolysis indirectly via stimulation of A2A receptor and may represent a novel approach to enhance orthopedic implant survival, delaying or eliminating the need for revision arthroplasty surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuere Wilder
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
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20
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Ogura N, Kondoh T. Molecular aspects in inflammatory events of temporomandibular joint: Microarray-based identification of mediators. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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21
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Hazan-Molina H, Aizenbud I, Kaufman H, Teich S, Aizenbud D. The Influence of Shockwave Therapy on Orthodontic Tooth Movement Induced in the Rat. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 878:57-65. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2015_179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Hazan-Molina H, Reznick AZ, Kaufman H, Aizenbud D. Periodontal cytokines profile under orthodontic force and extracorporeal shock wave stimuli in a rat model. J Periodontal Res 2014; 50:389-96. [PMID: 25073624 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Extracorporeal shock wave therapy has been used in various clinical conditions as a result of its ability to stimulate healing processes in acute and chronic inflammatory states. Orthodontic force application triggers an inflammatory reaction in the periodontal tissue surrounding the involved teeth, resulting in tooth movement. Preliminary work revealed that extracorporeal shock wave therapy increased the expression of the inflammatory cytokines involved. Our aim was to investigate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the periodontal tissues following orthodontic force induction, with and without shock wave therapy, in experimental rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS An orthodontic appliance was fabricated and applied between the molars and the incisors of adult Wistar rats. In conjunction with orthodontic force commencement, the rats were treated with a single episode of 1000 shock waves. Every day, during the 3 d of the study, rats were killed and the immunolocalization of RANKL, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha was evaluated. RESULTS The percentage of the area staining positively for all inflammatory cytokines during the first 2 d decreased statistically significantly more in the shock wave-treated group compared with the nontreated control group. On the first day, the percentage of the area staining positively for IL-1β and RANKL on the compression side peaked in both groups, with a sequential rise in the number of TRAP-positive cells. CONCLUSION The induction of shock wave therapy during orthodontic tooth movement influences the expression of different inflammatory cytokines in the tissue and might alter the expected periodontal remodeling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hazan-Molina
- Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, Graduate School of Dentistry, Rambam Health Care Campus and the Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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23
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Márton IJ, Kiss C. Overlapping Protective and Destructive Regulatory Pathways in Apical Periodontitis. J Endod 2014; 40:155-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Yadav J, Samelko L, Gilvar P, McAllister K, Hallab NJ. Osteoclasts lose innate inflammatory reactivity to metal and polymer implant debris compared to monocytes/macrophages. Open Orthop J 2013; 7:605-13. [PMID: 24198853 PMCID: PMC3812786 DOI: 10.2174/1874325001307010605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term aseptic failures of joint replacements are generally attributed to implant debris-induced inflammation and osteolysis. This response is largely mediated by immune and bone cells (monocytes/macrophages and osteoclasts, respectively), that in the presence of implant debris (e.g. metal particles and ions), release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. The relative degree to which implant debris can illicit inflammatory response(s) from osteoclasts vs monocytes/macrophages is unknown, i.e. are osteoclasts a viable target for anti-inflammatory therapy for implant debris? We investigated relative monocyte versus osteoclast inflammatory responses in a side-by-side comparison using implant debris from the perspective of both danger signaling (IL-1β) and pathogenic recognition (TNF-α) reactivity (Challenge Agents: Cobalt-alloy, Titanium-alloy, and PMMA particles, 0.9-1.8um-dia ECD and Cobalt, and Nickel-ions 0.01-0.1mM, all with and without LPS priming). Human monocytes/macrophages reacted to implant debris with >100 fold greater production of cytokines compared to osteoclast-like cells. Particulate Co-alloy challenge induced >1000 pg/ml of IL-1β and TNF-α, in monocytes and <50pg/mL IL-1β and TNF-α in osteoclasts. Cobalt ions induced >3000pg/mL IL-1β and TNF-α in monocytes/macrophages and <50pg/mL IL-1β and TNF-α in osteoclasts. The paracrine effect of supernatants from debris-treated monocytes/macrophages was capable of inducing greater osteoclastogenesis (TRAP+, p<0.06) and inflammation than direct debris challenge on osteoclasts. Our results indicate that as monocytes/macrophages differentiate into osteoclasts, they largely lose their innate immune reactivity to implant debris and thus may not be as relevant a therapeutic target as monocytes/macrophages for mitigating debris-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Yadav
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois in Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits directly human osteoclastogenesis by down-regulation of the c-Fms and RANK expression. Joint Bone Spine 2013; 80:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Belluci MM, Schoenmaker T, Rossa-Junior C, Orrico SR, de Vries TJ, Everts V. Magnesium deficiency results in an increased formation of osteoclasts. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1488-98. [PMID: 23517915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 12/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) deficiency is a frequently occurring disorder that leads to loss of bone mass, abnormal bone growth and skeletal weakness. It is not clear whether Mg(2+) deficiency affects the formation and/or activity of osteoclasts. We evaluated the effect of Mg(2+) restriction on these parameters. Bone marrow cells from long bone and jaw of mice were seeded on plastic and on bone in medium containing different concentrations of Mg(2+) (0.8 mM which is 100% of the normal value, 0.4, 0.08 and 0 mM). The effect of Mg(2+) deficiency was evaluated on osteoclast precursors for their viability after 3 days and proliferation rate after 3 and 6 days, as was mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes and Mg(2+)-related genes. After 6 days of incubation, the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-positive (TRACP(+)) multinucleated cells was determined, and the TRACP activity of the medium was measured. Osteoclastic activity was assessed at 8 days by resorption pit analysis. Mg(2+) deficiency resulted in increased numbers of osteoclast-like cells, a phenomenon found for both types of marrow. Mg(2+) deficiency had no effect on cell viability and proliferation. Increased osteoclastogenesis due to Mg(2+) deficiency was reflected in higher expression of osteoclast-related genes. However, resorption per osteoclast and TRACP activity were lower in the absence of Mg(2+). In conclusion, Mg(2+) deficiency augmented osteoclastogenesis but appeared to inhibit the activity of these cells. Together, our in vitro data suggest that altered osteoclast numbers and activity may contribute to the skeletal phenotype as seen in Mg(2+) deficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M Belluci
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara-UNESP-Universidad Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Hazan-Molina H, Reznick AZ, Kaufman H, Aizenbud D. Assessment of IL-1β and VEGF concentration in a rat model during orthodontic tooth movement and extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Arch Oral Biol 2013; 58:142-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Abstract
Chronic inflammation including autoimmune disease is an important risk factor for the development of osteoporosis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) play a central role in osteoclast differentiation and function, and the molecular pathways by which M-CSF and RANKL induce osteoclast differentiation have been analyzed in detail. Proinflammatory cytokines directly or indirectly regulate osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption providing a link between inflammation and osteoporosis. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-17 are the most important proinflammatory cytokines triggering inflammatory bone loss. Inhibition of these cytokines has provided potent therapeutic effects in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Further investigation is needed to understand the pathophysiology and to develop new strategies to treat inflammatory bone loss. This review summarizes new data on inflammatory bone loss obtained in 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Braun
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Krankenhausstrasse 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Ivashkiv LB, Zhao B, Park-Min KH, Takami M. Feedback inhibition of osteoclastogenesis during inflammation by IL-10, M-CSF receptor shedding, and induction of IRF8. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1237:88-94. [PMID: 22082370 PMCID: PMC3263822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in excessive bone loss in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. An important paradigm in immunology is that inflammatory factors activate feedback inhibition mechanisms to restrain inflammation and limit associated tissue damage. We hypothesized that inflammatory factors would activate similar feedback mechanisms to restrain bone loss in inflammatory settings. We have identified three mechanisms that inhibit osteoclastogenesis and are induced by inflammatory factors such as toll-like receptor ligands and cytokines; downregulation of expression of costimulatory molecules such as TREM-2; induction of shedding, and thereby inactivation of the M-CSF receptor c-Fms, leading to decreased RANK transcription; and induction of transcriptional repressors such as interferon regulatory factor 8. It is likely that these mechanisms work in a complementary and cooperative manner to fine tune the extent of osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory settings, and their augmentation may represent an alternative therapeutic approach to suppress bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
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Interleukin-33: a novel player in osteonecrosis of the femoral head? Joint Bone Spine 2011; 78:550-4. [PMID: 21703905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling disease affecting young adults, which usually leads to the destruction of the hip joint. It is mainly due to an inadequate blood supply that causes the death of osteocytes and bone marrow cells. Joint salvaging procedures are numerous but relatively inefficient, justifying the need for new therapeutic strategies. In this regard, the recently discovered interleukin (IL)-33 alarmin appears as a possible target. Indeed, IL-33 seems to be specifically released by necrotic cells, and interestingly, is constitutively expressed in human bone, in particular by osteocytes, osteoblasts and marrow adipocytes. Moreover, recent reports suggesting that IL-33 modulates angiogenesis, vascular permeability, osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption, indicate that IL-33 may play a role in ONFH.
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