1
|
Tian Y, Khwatenge CN, Li J, De Jesus Andino F, Robert J, Sang Y. Targeted Transcriptomics of Frog Virus 3 in Infected Frog Tissues Reveal Non-Coding Regulatory Elements and microRNAs in the Ranaviral Genome and Their Potential Interaction with Host Immune Response. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705253. [PMID: 34220869 PMCID: PMC8248673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frog Virus 3 (FV3) is a large dsDNA virus belonging to Ranaviruses of family Iridoviridae. Ranaviruses infect cold-blood vertebrates including amphibians, fish and reptiles, and contribute to catastrophic amphibian declines. FV3 has a genome at ~105 kb that contains nearly 100 coding genes and 50 intergenic regions as annotated in its reference genome. Previous studies have mainly focused on coding genes and rarely addressed potential non-coding regulatory role of intergenic regions. Results Using a whole transcriptomic analysis of total RNA samples containing both the viral and cellular transcripts from FV3-infected frog tissues, we detected virus-specific reads mapping in non-coding intergenic regions, in addition to reads from coding genes. Further analyses identified multiple cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in intergenic regions neighboring highly transcribed coding genes. These CREs include not only a virus TATA-Box present in FV3 core promoters as in eukaryotic genes, but also viral mimics of CREs interacting with several transcription factors including CEBPs, CREBs, IRFs, NF-κB, and STATs, which are critical for regulation of cellular immunity and cytokine responses. Our study suggests that intergenic regions immediately upstream of highly expressed FV3 genes have evolved to bind IRFs, NF-κB, and STATs more efficiently. Moreover, we found an enrichment of putative microRNA (miRNA) sequences in more than five intergenic regions of the FV3 genome. Our sequence analysis indicates that a fraction of these viral miRNAs is targeting the 3'-UTR regions of Xenopus genes involved in interferon (IFN)-dependent responses, including particularly those encoding IFN receptor subunits and IFN-regulatory factors (IRFs). Conclusions Using the FV3 model, this study provides a first genome-wide analysis of non-coding regulatory mechanisms adopted by ranaviruses to epigenetically regulate both viral and host gene expressions, which have co-evolved to interact especially with the host IFN response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Tian
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Collins N. Khwatenge
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jiuyi Li
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Francisco De Jesus Andino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yongming Sang
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
This retrospective study is to explore the clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic features of Waldeyer ring B-cell lymphoma (WR-BCL).Tissue arrays from 65 WR-BCL cases were subjected to pathologic and immunophenotypic detections. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-encoded small RNA (EBER) was detected by in situ hybridization. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), BCL-2, BCL-6, and C-myelocytomatosis viral oncogeneav (MYC) gene abnormalities were investigated using interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.Among the 65 patients, there were 12 nasopharynx cases, 49 tonsil cases, and 4 tongue root cases. Moreover, there were 49 cases of diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) and 16 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL). More than 60% of the patients had Ann Arbor stage III/IV disease, with infiltrated neighboring organs, invaded spleens, and increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Tumor cells were positive for multiple myeloma antigen 1 (MUM1), BCL-2, BCL-6, and C-MYC. EBER expression was detected in lymphoma cells of 2 cases. Alteration frequencies of IRF4, BCL-2, BCL-6, and C-MYC were 24.6%, 32.3%, 27.7%, and 30.7%, respectively. Approximately 67.69% cases had stages 0 to II disease, while 32.31% cases had stage III disease. Five-year overall survival rate was 65.12%. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG) score ≥2 was the only adverse factor for overall survival. IRF4/MUM1, C-MYC, and CD10 expressions were related to poor disease prognosis. WR-BCLs were largely dependent on ECOG, LDH, and bone marrow involvement. WR-DLBCL was associated with poor survival outcomes compared with WR-FL.The WR-DLBCLs have distinct clinicopathologic features, with correlations between the IRF4/MUM1, C-MYC and CD10 expressions, ECOG, LDH, bone marrow involvement, and the disease prognosis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu R, Xu X, Xu Y, Fang X, Lin X. Pulsed Radiofrequency on Dorsal Root Ganglion Relieved Neuropathic Pain Associated with Downregulation of the Spinal Interferon Regulatory Factor 8, Microglia, p38MAPK Expression in a CCI Rat Model. Pain Physician 2018; 21:E307-E322. [PMID: 30045596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), which is induced by peripheral nerve injury (PNI), plays a key role in activating spinal microglia to release inflammatory cytokines in a p38-dependent way, thereafter results in formation of central sensitization. Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) alleviates neuropathic pain and inhibits the microglial activation in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats. However, the consequences of PRF on spinal IRF8 of CCI rats remains unknown. OBJECTIVE We explore if PRF on DRG of rats with CCI could restrain IRF8, microglia, and p38 hyperactivity in the spinal cord to alleviate neuropathic pain. STUDY DESIGN A randomized, controlled animal study. SETTING Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Provincial Clinic College of Fujian Medical University. METHODS The changes in pain behaviors and the expressions of IRF8, Iba1 and p-p38 in the spinal cord of CCI rats which were administrated with antisense/ mismatch oligodeoxynucleotide of IRF8 were studied. Rats in CCI+AS ODN group, CCI+MM ODN group or CCI+NS group were intrathecally treated with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of IRF8, mismatch oligodeoxynucleotide of IRF8 or same volume 0.9% NaCl once daily respectively, beginning from the day after nerve transection 12 hours and lasting for 7 days. The effects of PRF on L4-5 DRG of rats with CCI were investigated. PRF was applied adjacent to the L4-5 DRG at an intensity of 45 V for 6 minutes after CCI, whereas the control rats were treated without radiofrequency current. The withdrawal thresholds were studied and the spinal levels of IRF8, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1, microglia characteristic marker) and p-p38 were calculated by ELISA, western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Intrathecal administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide of IRF8 led to the reversal of CCI-induced allodynia, lower activation of spinal microglia and p-p38. Withdrawal thresholds were partially recovered after a single PRF treatment for 14 days. CCI-induced IRF8 upregulation, microglia hyperactivity, and p38 phosphorylation in the spinal cord were reduced due to PRF treatment. However, PRF did not alter pain behaviors and pain signals in normal rats. LIMITATIONS In our study, one time point was selected just to assess the levels of microglia, and p-p38. The changes of IRF8, microglia, p-p38 in the ipsilateral DRG were not investigated. A more detailed study on how PRF on the DRG could further relieve NP is needed. CONCLUSIONS Restraining IRF8, microglia and p38 hyperactivity in the spinal cord of CCI rats involved in the contribution to the long-lasting analgesia of PRF. KEY WORDS Neuropathic pain, pulsed radiofrequency, dorsal root ganglion, microglia, p38MAPK, Interferon regulatory factor 8, chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongguo Liu
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Provincial Clinic College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xueru Xu
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Provincial Clinic College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yunlu Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiangyu Fang
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Provincial Clinic College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xingwu Lin
- Department of Pain Management, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Provincial Clinic College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Higaki H, Choudhury ME, Kawamoto C, Miyamoto K, Islam A, Ishii Y, Miyanishi K, Takeda H, Seo N, Sugimoto K, Takahashi H, Yano H, Tanaka J. The hypnotic bromovalerylurea ameliorates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic neuron loss while suppressing expression of interferon regulatory factors by microglia. Neurochem Int 2016; 99:158-168. [PMID: 27392596 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight organic compound bromovalerylurea (BU) has long been used as a hypnotic/sedative. In the present study, we found that BU suppressed mRNA expression of proinflammatory factors and nitric oxide release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat primary microglial cell cultures. BU prevented neuronal degeneration in LPS-treated neuron-microglia cocultures. The anti-inflammatory effects of BU were as strong as those of a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone. A rat hemi-Parkinsonian model was prepared by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the right striatum. BU was orally administered to these rats for 7 days, which ameliorated the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and alleviated motor deficits. BU suppressed the expression of mRNAs for interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) 1, 7 and 8 in the right (lesioned) ventral midbrain as well as those for proinflammatory mediators. BU increased mRNA expression of various neuroprotective factors, including platelet-derived growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor, but it did not increase expression of alternative activation (M2) markers. In microglial culture, BU suppressed the LPS-induced increase in expression of IRFs 1 and 8, and it reduced LPS-induced phosphorylation of JAK1 and STATs 1 and 3. Knockdown of IRFs 1 and 8 suppressed LPS-induced NO release by microglial cells. These results suggest that suppression of microglial IRF expression by BU prevents neuronal cell death in the injured brain region, where microglial activation occurs. Because many Parkinsonian patients suffer from sleep disorders, BU administration before sleep may effectively ameliorate neurological symptoms and alleviate sleep dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Higaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | | | - Chisato Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Afsana Islam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Yurika Ishii
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyanishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Haruna Takeda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Naoto Seo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Kana Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan; Department of Legal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Takahashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan; Division of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokuriku University, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tang T, Lu Q, Yang X, Liu X, Liao R, Zhang Y, Yang Z. Roles of the tacrolimus-dependent transcription factor IRF4 in acute rejection after liver transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:257-63. [PMID: 26093273 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acute rejection is a serious and life-threatening complication of liver transplantation (LTx). Tacrolimus (TAC) is a potent immunosuppressant used in experimental and clinical transplantation. Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) plays key roles as a transcription factor in the immune response. This study explored the role of IRF4 in acute rejection after LTx using TAC treatment. Here, LTx was performed in DA (RT1(n)) and Lewis (LEW) (RT1(l)) rats. The recipients were immunosuppressed with TAC (1.5mg/kg/day subcutaneously) or saline. Liver grafts were harvested 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days after LTx for histology, immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR. Splenic mononuclear cells were activated with different doses of TAC. The nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) signal pathway and CD4+ T subset-related transcription factors were assessed. The results showed that TAC treatment prolonged the survival of liver allografts in recipients, significantly attenuated hepatic tissue injury and improved liver function. IRF4 expression in grafts was down-regulated after TAC treatment. TAC inhibited the expression of IRF4, NFAT, Foxp3 and RORγt in splenic mononuclear cells in vitro. In conclusions, our studies showed that TAC attenuated acute rejection responses after LTx. This attenuation might depend on the TAC-NFAT-IRF4 signal pathway, which is crucial for the function of T helper subsets (Treg and Th17 cells) in acute rejection after LTx. These findings contribute to our understanding of the immune pharmacological mechanism of TAC to prevent rejection in LTx rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tengqian Tang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Qian Lu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Xing Yang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China; The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, 324 Hospital of People's Liberation Army (PLA), China
| | - Xiangde Liu
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Rui Liao
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Zhanyu Yang
- The Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goossens KE, Karpala AJ, Ward A, Bean AGD. Characterisation of chicken ZAP. Dev Comp Immunol 2014; 46:373-381. [PMID: 24877657 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Emerging pathogenic viruses, such as avian influenza (AI), represent a serious threat to the poultry industry and human health. The development of novel therapeutics to protect against these viruses is critical and necessitates understanding the host immune mechanisms to find new pathways for protection against virus infection. Interferon (IFN) is a major antiviral arm of the immune system and is generally the first line of defence against virus. The multiple genes orchestrated by IFN upregulation are not well characterised in chickens due to a lack of reagents and research efforts. Here we have identified chicken ZAP (chZAP), an IFN stimulated gene (ISG), that has antiviral properties in human models, and show that chZAP is upregulated in response to PAMPs. Moreover, we show that chZAP is upregulated in vivo following particular viral infections. This data will benefit further studies that aim to understand antiviral response pathways in the chicken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Goossens
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam J Karpala
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Alistair Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew G D Bean
- CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Private Bag 24, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sugimoto K, Shimada M, Utsunomiya T, Morine Y, Imura S, Ikemoto T, Iwahashi S. Valproic acid enhances the anti-tumor effect of pegylated interferon-α towards pancreatic cancer cell lines. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:3403-3409. [PMID: 24982347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid (VPA) acts as a specific inhibitor of class I HDACs and it use has been proven to be safe since a long time. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we investigated the effect of VPA in the combination with pegylated interferon-α (PEG-IFNα) in inhibition of cell proliferation of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. RESULTS VPA enhanced the effect of PEG-IFNα, and the effect was decreased by the caspase inhibitor. VPA alone and VPA in combination with PEG-IFNα increased the expression of interferon-α receptor and interferon regulatory factor 8. CONCLUSION The combination of VPA and PEG-IFNα can be useful for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugimoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toru Utsunomiya
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Iwahashi
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima, Kuramoto, Tokushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Heintel D, Rocci A, Ludwig H, Bolomsky A, Caltagirone S, Schreder M, Pfeifer S, Gisslinger H, Zojer N, Jäger U, Palumbo A. High expression of cereblon (CRBN) is associated with improved clinical response in patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Br J Haematol 2013; 161:695-700. [PMID: 23565715 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cereblon (CRBN) has recently been identified as a target for immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and its downregulation has been linked to resistance to lenalidomide. Here, we studied CRBN expression by real time polymerase chain reaction in 49 bone marrow samples of newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone. Median CRBN expression was 3·45 in patients who achieved complete response, and 3·75, 2·01, 0·78, and 0·70 in those with very good partial response, partial response, stable disease and progressive disease respectively. CRBN expression levels correlated significantly with response to lenalidomide treatment (r = 0·48; P < 0·001). Among established prognostic parameters, only beta-2-microglobulin correlated with cereblon (r = 0·66; P < 0·001). A close association of CRBN with interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) (P < 0·001) and with CTNNB1 (P < 0·001) was found. Overall, a statistically significant association between baseline CRBN expression and response in MM patients treated with lenalidomide is shown. CRBN expression is closely associated with IRF4, which is an important target of IMiD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heintel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Haematology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Rocci
- Divisione di Ematologia dell'Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Giovanni Battista, Ospedale Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Heinz Ludwig
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Haematology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnold Bolomsky
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Haematology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simona Caltagirone
- Divisione di Ematologia dell'Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Giovanni Battista, Ospedale Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - Martin Schreder
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Haematology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Pfeifer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Haematology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Gisslinger
- Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Vienna, Austria
| | - Niklas Zojer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Center for Oncology and Haematology, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Division of Haematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna (MUW), Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Palumbo
- Divisione di Ematologia dell'Università di Torino, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Giovanni Battista, Ospedale Molinette, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kelly GL, Stylianou J, Rasaiyaah J, Wei W, Thomas W, Croom-Carter D, Kohler C, Spang R, Woodman C, Kellam P, Rickinson AB, Bell AI. Different patterns of Epstein-Barr virus latency in endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lead to distinct variants within the BL-associated gene expression signature. J Virol 2013; 87:2882-94. [PMID: 23269792 PMCID: PMC3571367 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03003-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is present in all cases of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL) but in few European/North American sporadic BLs. Gene expression arrays of sporadic tumors have defined a consensus BL profile within which tumors are classifiable as "molecular BL" (mBL). Where endemic BLs fall relative to this profile remains unclear, since they not only carry EBV but also display one of two different forms of virus latency. Here, we use early-passage BL cell lines from different tumors, and BL subclones from a single tumor, to compare EBV-negative cells with EBV-positive cells displaying either classical latency I EBV infection (where EBNA1 is the only EBV antigen expressed from the wild-type EBV genome) or Wp-restricted latency (where an EBNA2 gene-deleted virus genome broadens antigen expression to include the EBNA3A, -3B, and -3C proteins and BHRF1). Expression arrays show that both types of endemic BL fall within the mBL classification. However, while EBV-negative and latency I BLs show overlapping profiles, Wp-restricted BLs form a distinct subgroup, characterized by a detectable downregulation of the germinal center (GC)-associated marker Bcl6 and upregulation of genes marking early plasmacytoid differentiation, notably IRF4 and BLIMP1. Importantly, these same changes can be induced in EBV-negative or latency I BL cells by infection with an EBNA2-knockout virus. Thus, we infer that the distinct gene profile of Wp-restricted BLs does not reflect differences in the identity of the tumor progenitor cell per se but differences imposed on a common progenitor by broadened EBV gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L. Kelly
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julianna Stylianou
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Rasaiyaah
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wenbin Wei
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Thomas
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Croom-Carter
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kohler
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Spang
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ciaran Woodman
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kellam
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alan B. Rickinson
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew I. Bell
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu H, Krolikowski JG, Jones DW, Ge ZD, Pagel PS, Pritchard KA, Weihrauch D. 4F decreases IRF5 expression and activation in hearts of tight skin mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52046. [PMID: 23251680 PMCID: PMC3522636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoAI mimetic 4F was designed to inhibit atherosclerosis by improving HDL. We reported that treating tight skin (Tsk−/+) mice, a model of systemic sclerosis (SSc), with 4F decreases inflammation and restores angiogenic potential in Tsk−/+ hearts. Interferon regulating factor 5 (IRF5) is important in autoimmunity and apoptosis in immune cells. However, no studies were performed investigating IRF5 in myocardium. We hypothesize that 4F differentially modulates IRF5 expression and activation in Tsk−/+ hearts. Posterior wall thickness was significantly increased in Tsk−/+ compared to C57Bl/6J (control) and Tsk−/+ mice with 4F treatment assessed by echoradiography highlighting reduction of fibrosis in 4F treated Tsk−/+ mice. IRF5 in heart lysates from control and Tsk/+ with and without 4F treatment (sc, 1 mg/kg/d, 6–8 weeks) was determined. Phosphoserine, ubiquitin, ubiquitin K63 on IRF5 were determined on immunoprecipitates of IRF5. Immunofluorescence and TUNEL assays in heart sections were used to determine positive nuclei for IRF5 and apoptosis, respectively. Fluorescence-labeled streptavidin (SA) was used to determine endothelial cell uptake of biotinylated 4F. SA-agarose pulldown and immunoblotting for IRF5 were used to determine 4F binding IRF5 in endothelial cell cytosolic fractions and to confirm biolayer interferometry studies. IRF5 levels in Tsk−/+ hearts were similar to control. 4F treatments decrease IRF5 in Tsk−/+ hearts and decrease phosphoserine and ubiquitin K63 but increase total ubiquitin on IRF5 in Tsk−/+ compared with levels on IRF5 in control hearts. 4F binds IRF5 by mechanisms favoring association over dissociation strong enough to pull down IRF5 from a mixture of endothelial cell cytosolic proteins. IRF5 positive nuclei and apoptotic cells in Tsk−/+ hearts were increased compared with controls. 4F treatments decreased both measurements in Tsk−/+ hearts. IRF5 activation in Tsk−/+ hearts is increased. 4F treatments decrease IRF5 expression and activation in Tsk−/+ hearts by a mechanism related to 4F’s ability to bind IRF5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John G. Krolikowski
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Deron W. Jones
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Zhi-Dong Ge
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul S. Pagel
- The Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kirkwood A. Pritchard
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dorothée Weihrauch
- Division of Anesthesiology, Department of Surgery, Children’s Research Institute, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rubio CA. An easy method to quantify plasma cells/plasma cell precursors in normal colonic mucosa, collagenous colitis and Crohn's colitis. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:3723-3726. [PMID: 22993311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of round cells that should normally be present in the colonic mucosa remains disputed. Biopsies from patients with chronic diarrhoea, having a slightly increased number of round cells in the lamina propria mucosa (lpm) may be diagnosed as slight chronic colitis by some pathologists, while others may regard these biopsies as being normal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The numbers of plasma cells/plasma cell precursors (PC-PCP) were assessed in colonic biopsies from 35 patients by the aid of MUM1 immunostaining. MUM1 (multiple myeloma oncogene 1) is a member of the interferon regulatory family of transcription factors (interferon regulatory factor 4 gene, IRF4). RESULTS Many of the round cells considered, as lymphocytes in H&E staining were in fact MUM1-positive PCP. In 6 patients having a priori, a slightly increased number of round cells, the mean number of MUM1-labelled cells was 40.8, in 5 patients with collagenous colitis, it was 81.4 and in 12 patients with Crohn's colitis, 87.6, whereas in 12 normal individuals it was 23.3 (MUM1-positive cells in collagenous-Crohn's colitis vs. normal mucosa, p<0.05). CONCLUSION MUM1 was of value in recording a significant increase of PC-PCP in collagenous colitis and Crohn's colitis. The subjective impression of increased cellularity in some colonic biopsies from patients with chronic diarrhoea was substantiated in mathematical terms, by demonstrating that the number of PC-PCP was increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Rubio
- Department of Pathology, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lin L, Pang W, Chen K, Wang F, Gengler J, Sun Y, Tong Q. Adipocyte expression of PU.1 transcription factor causes insulin resistance through upregulation of inflammatory cytokine gene expression and ROS production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1550-9. [PMID: 22454293 PMCID: PMC3378156 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00462.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously that ETS family transcription factor PU.1 is expressed in mature adipocytes of white adipose tissue. PU.1 expression is increased greatly in mouse models of genetic or diet-induced obesity. Here, we show that PU.1 expression is increased only in visceral but not subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese mice, and the adipocytes are responsible for this increase in PU.1 expression. To further address PU.1's physiological function in mature adipocytes, PU.1 was knocked down in 3T3-L1 cells using retroviral-mediated expression of PU.1-targeting shRNA. Consistent with previous findings that PU.1 regulates its target genes, such as NADPH oxidase subunits and proinflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells, the mRNA levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6) and cytosolic components of NADPH oxidase (p47phox and p40phox) were downregulated significantly in PU.1-silenced adipocytes. NADPH oxidase is a main source for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Indeed, silencing PU.1 suppressed NADPH oxidase activity and attenuated ROS in basal or hydrogen peroxide-treated adipocytes. Silencing PU.1 in adipocytes suppressed JNK1 activation and IRS-1 phosphorylation at Ser(307). Consequently, PU.1 knockdown improved insulin signaling and increased glucose uptake in basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. Furthermore, knocking down PU.1 suppressed basal lipolysis but activated stimulated lipolysis. Collectively, these findings indicate that obesity induces PU.1 expression in adipocytes to upregulate the production of ROS and proinflammatory cytokines, both of which lead to JNK1 activation, insulin resistance, and dysregulation of lipolysis. Therefore, PU.1 might be a mediator for obesity-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ligen Lin
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bruhn S, Barrenäs F, Mobini R, Andersson BA, Chavali S, Egan BS, Hovig E, Sandve GK, Langston MA, Rogers G, Wang H, Benson M. Increased expression of IRF4 and ETS1 in CD4+ cells from patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2012; 67:33-40. [PMID: 21919915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02707.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor (TF) IRF4 is involved in the regulation of Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17 cells, and animal studies have indicated an important role in allergy. However, IRF4 and its target genes have not been examined in human allergy. METHODS IRF4 and its target genes were examined in allergen-challenged CD4(+) cells from patients with IAR, using combined gene expression microarrays and chromatin immunoprecipitation chips (ChIP-chips), computational target prediction, and RNAi knockdowns. RESULTS IRF4 increased in allergen-challenged CD4(+) cells from patients with IAR, and functional studies supported its role in Th2 cell activation. IRF4 ChIP-chip showed that IRF4 regulated a large number of genes relevant to Th cell differentiation. However, neither Th1 nor Th2 cytokines were the direct targets of IRF4. To examine whether IRF4 induced Th2 cytokines via one or more downstream TFs, we combined gene expression microarrays, ChIP-chips, and computational target prediction and found a putative intermediary TF, namely ETS1 in allergen-challenged CD4(+) cells from allergic patients. ETS1 increased significantly in allergen-challenged CD4(+) cells from patients compared to controls. Gene expression microarrays before and after ETS1 RNAi knockdown showed that ETS1 induced Th2 cytokines as well as disease-related pathways. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of IRF4 in allergen-challenged CD4(+) cells from patients with intermittent allergic rhinitis leads to activation of a complex transcriptional program, including Th2 cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bruhn
- The Centre for Individualized Medication, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Restivo G, Nguyen BC, Dziunycz P, Ristorcelli E, Ryan RJH, Özuysal ÖY, Di Piazza M, Radtke F, Dixon MJ, Hofbauer GFL, Lefort K, Dotto GP. IRF6 is a mediator of Notch pro-differentiation and tumour suppressive function in keratinocytes. EMBO J 2011; 30:4571-85. [PMID: 21909072 PMCID: PMC3243593 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
While the pro-differentiation and tumour suppressive functions of Notch signalling in keratinocytes are well established, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We report here that interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), an IRF family member with an essential role in epidermal development, is induced in differentiation through a Notch-dependent mechanism and is a primary Notch target in keratinocytes and keratinocyte-derived SCC cells. Increased IRF6 expression contributes to the impact of Notch activation on growth/differentiation-related genes, while it is not required for induction of 'canonical' Notch targets like p21(WAF1/Cip1), Hes1 and Hey1. Down-modulation of IRF6 counteracts differentiation of primary human keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo, promoting ras-induced tumour formation. The clinical relevance of these findings is illustrated by the strikingly opposite pattern of expression of Notch1 and IRF6 versus epidermal growth factor receptor in a cohort of clinical SCCs, as a function of their grade of differentiation. Thus, IRF6 is a primary Notch target in keratinocytes, which contributes to the role of this pathway in differentiation and tumour suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetana Restivo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Bach-Cuc Nguyen
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Dziunycz
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Ristorcelli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Russell J H Ryan
- Department of Pathology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Özden Yalçin Özuysal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Di Piazza
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Freddy Radtke
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael J Dixon
- Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Karine Lefort
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ivashkiv LB, Zhao B, Park-Min KH, Takami M. Feedback inhibition of osteoclastogenesis during inflammation by IL-10, M-CSF receptor shedding, and induction of IRF8. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2011; 1237:88-94. [PMID: 22082370 PMCID: PMC3263822 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in excessive bone loss in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. An important paradigm in immunology is that inflammatory factors activate feedback inhibition mechanisms to restrain inflammation and limit associated tissue damage. We hypothesized that inflammatory factors would activate similar feedback mechanisms to restrain bone loss in inflammatory settings. We have identified three mechanisms that inhibit osteoclastogenesis and are induced by inflammatory factors such as toll-like receptor ligands and cytokines; downregulation of expression of costimulatory molecules such as TREM-2; induction of shedding, and thereby inactivation of the M-CSF receptor c-Fms, leading to decreased RANK transcription; and induction of transcriptional repressors such as interferon regulatory factor 8. It is likely that these mechanisms work in a complementary and cooperative manner to fine tune the extent of osteoclastogenesis in inflammatory settings, and their augmentation may represent an alternative therapeutic approach to suppress bone resorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu X, Yang D, Zimmerman M, Liu F, Yang J, Kannan S, Burchert A, Szulc Z, Bielawska A, Ozato K, Bhalla K, Liu K. IRF8 regulates acid ceramidase expression to mediate apoptosis and suppresses myelogeneous leukemia. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2882-91. [PMID: 21487040 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is a key transcription factor for myeloid cell differentiation and its expression is frequently lost in hematopoietic cells of human myeloid leukemia patients. IRF8-deficient mice exhibit uncontrolled clonal expansion of undifferentiated myeloid cells that can progress to a fatal blast crisis, thereby resembling human chronic myelogeneous leukemia (CML). Therefore, IRF8 is a myeloid leukemia suppressor. Whereas the understanding of IRF8 function in CML has recently improved, the molecular mechanisms underlying IRF8 function in CML are still largely unknown. In this study, we identified acid ceramidase (A-CDase) as a general transcription target of IRF8. We demonstrated that IRF8 expression is regulated by IRF8 promoter DNA methylation in myeloid leukemia cells. Restoration of IRF8 expression repressed A-CDase expression, resulting in C16 ceramide accumulation and increased sensitivity of CML cells to FasL-induced apoptosis. In myeloid cells derived from IRF8-deficient mice, A-CDase protein level was dramatically increased. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IRF8 directly binds to the A-CDase promoter. At the functional level, inhibition of A-CDase activity, silencing A-CDase expression, or application of exogenous C16 ceramide sensitized CML cells to FasL-induced apoptosis, whereas overexpression of A-CDase decreased CML cells' sensitivity to FasL-induced apoptosis. Consequently, restoration of IRF8 expression suppressed CML development in vivo at least partially through a Fas-dependent mechanism. In summary, our findings determine the mechanism of IRF8 downregulation in CML cells and they determine a primary pathway of resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis and disease progression.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acid Ceramidase/biosynthesis
- Animals
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Ceramides/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Fas Ligand Protein/immunology
- Fas Ligand Protein/pharmacology
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/biosynthesis
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/metabolism
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/immunology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Myeloid Cells/enzymology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Transcription, Genetic
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Cancer Center, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, Georgia 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Stewart TJ, Liewehr DJ, Steinberg SM, Greeneltch KM, Abrams SI. Modulating the expression of IFN regulatory factor 8 alters the protumorigenic behavior of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells. J Immunol 2009; 183:117-28. [PMID: 19542426 PMCID: PMC2744444 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0804132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CD11b(+)Gr-1(+)-expressing cells, termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells, can mediate immunosuppression and tumor progression. However, the intrinsic molecular events that drive their protumorigenic behavior remain to be elucidated. Although CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells exist at low frequencies in normal mice, it also remains unresolved whether they are biologically distinct from those of tumor-bearing hosts. These objectives were investigated using CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells from both implantable (4T1) and autochthonous (mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T Ag (MMTV-PyMT)) mouse models of mammary carcinoma. Limited variation was observed in the expression of markers associated with immunoregulation between CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells of both tumor models, as well as with their respective controls (Cnt). Despite limited differences in phenotype, tumor-induced CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells were found to produce a more immunosuppressive cytokine profile than that observed by Cnt CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells. Furthermore, when admixed with tumor cells, CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells from tumor-bearing mice significantly enhanced neoplastic growth compared with counterpart cells from Cnt mice. However, the protumorigenic behavior of these tumor-induced CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells was significantly diminished when the expression of IFN regulatory factor 8, a key myeloid-associated transcription factor, was enhanced. The loss of this protumorigenic effect occurred independently of the host immune system and correlated with a CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cytokine/chemokine production pattern that resembled cells from nontumor-bearing Cnt mice. Overall, our data indicate that 1) tumor-induced CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells from both cancer models were phenotypically similar, but biologically distinct from their nontumor-bearing counterparts and 2) modulation of IFN regulatory factor 8 levels in tumor-induced CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells can significantly abrogate their protumorigenic behavior, which may have important implications for cancer therapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- CD11b Antigen/biosynthesis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/biosynthesis
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/genetics
- Interferon Regulatory Factors/physiology
- Male
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/genetics
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloid Cells/immunology
- Myeloid Cells/metabolism
- Myeloid Cells/pathology
- Polyomavirus/genetics
- Polyomavirus/immunology
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Up-Regulation/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trina J. Stewart
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Rm. 5B46, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - David J. Liewehr
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Seth M. Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kristy M. Greeneltch
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Rm. 5B46, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Rm. 5B46, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bai M, Panoulas V, Papoudou-Bai A, Horianopoulos N, Kitsoulis P, Stefanaki K, Rontogianni D, Agnantis NJ, Kanavaros P. B-cell differentiation immunophenotypes in classical Hodgkin lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 47:495-501. [PMID: 16396774 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500306784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 B-cell differentiation immunophenotypes were analysed in 101 cases of classical Hodgkin lymphomas (cHL) aiming to elucidate their histogenesis. Three major bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 immunophenotypes were distinguished on the basis of the immunohistochemical positivity of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H/RS) cells: (a) the late germinal center (GC)/early post-GC B-cell-like immunophenotype (bcl6-/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138-); 59/101 cases (59%), (b) the post-GC B-cell-like immunophenotype (bcl6-/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138+); 24/101 cases (24%) and (c) the indeterminate immunophenotype (bcl6+/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138-: 14 cases and bcl6+/CD10-/MUM1+/CD138+: four cases); 18/101 cases (18%). The above findings indicate that H/RS cells in most cHL display bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 immunophenotypes consistent with late GC/early post-GC or post-GC B-cell differentiation. In addition, H/RS cells in a small fraction of cHL display indeterminate bcl6/CD10/MUM1/CD138 immunophenotypic profiles which are characterized by simultaneous expression of GC, late GC/early post-GC and post-GC B-cell differentiation proteins. These immunophenotypic profiles do not correspond to the differentiation immunophenotypes of normal B-cells and their identification in a part of cHL suggests that the differentiation process of H/RS cells is not complete in a fraction of these cells and/or is still ongoing at the time of observation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bai
- Department of Pathology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bao X, Liu T, Shan Y, Li K, Garofalo RP, Casola A. Human metapneumovirus glycoprotein G inhibits innate immune responses. PLoS Pathog 2008; 4:e1000077. [PMID: 18516301 PMCID: PMC2386556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection in infants, as well as in the elderly and immunocompromised patients. No effective treatment or vaccine for hMPV is currently available. A recombinant hMPV lacking the G protein (rhMPV-Delta G) was recently developed as a potential vaccine candidate and shown to be attenuated in the respiratory tract of a rodent model of infection. The mechanism of its attenuation, as well as the role of G protein in modulation of hMPV-induced cellular responses in vitro, as well as in vivo, is currently unknown. In this study, we found that rhMPV-Delta G-infected airway epithelial cells produced higher levels of chemokines and type I interferon (IFN) compared to cells infected with rhMPV-WT. Infection of airway epithelial cells with rhMPV-Delta G enhanced activation of transcription factors belonging to the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor (IRF) families, as revealed by increased nuclear translocation and/or phosphorylation of these transcription factors. Compared to rhMPV-WT, rhMPV-Delta G also increased IRF- and NF-kappaB-dependent gene transcription, which was reversely inhibited by G protein expression. Since RNA helicases have been shown to play a fundamental role in initiating viral-induced cellular signaling, we investigated whether retinoic induced gene (RIG)-I was the target of G protein inhibitory activity. We found that indeed G protein associated with RIG-I and inhibited RIG-I-dependent gene transcription, identifying an important mechanism by which hMPV affects innate immune responses. This is the first study investigating the role of hMPV G protein in cellular signaling and identifies G as an important virulence factor, as it inhibits the production of important immune and antiviral mediators by targeting RIG-I, a major intracellular viral RNA sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tianshuang Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yichu Shan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kui Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Roberto P. Garofalo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonella Casola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiquet BT, Lidral AC, Stal S, Mulliken JB, Moreno LM, Arco-Burgos M, Valencia-Ramirez C, Blanton SH, Hecht JT. CRISPLD2: a novel NSCLP candidate gene. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:2241-8. [PMID: 17616516 PMCID: PMC3755375 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCLP) results from the complex interaction between genes and environmental factors. Candidate gene analysis and genome scans have been employed to identify the genes contributing to NSCLP. In this study, we evaluated the 16q24.1 chromosomal region, which has been identified by multiple genome scans as an NSCLP region of interest. Two candidate genes were found in the region: interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) and cysteine-rich secretory protein LCCL domain containing 2 (CRISPLD2). Initially, Caucasian and Hispanic NSCLP multiplex families and simplex parent-child trios were genotyped for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in both IRF8 and CRISPLD2. CRISPLD2 was subsequently genotyped in a data set comprised of NSCLP families from Colombia, South America. Linkage disequilibrium analysis identified a significant association between CRISPLD2 and NSCLP in both our Caucasian and Hispanic NSCLP cohorts. SNP rs1546124 and haplotypes between rs1546124 and either rs4783099 or rs16974880 were significant in the Caucasian multiplex population (P=0.01, P=0.002 and P=0.001, respectively). An altered transmission of CRISPLD2 SNPs rs8061351 (P=0.02) and rs2326398 (P=0.06) was detected in the Hispanic population. No association was found between CRISPLD2 and our Colombian population or IRF8 and NSCLP. In situ hybridization showed that CRISPLD2 is expressed in the mandible, palate and nasopharynx regions during craniofacial development at E13.5-E17.5, respectively. Altogether, these data suggest that genetic variation in CRISPLD2 has a role in the etiology of NSCLP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett T. Chiquet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical School at Houston
- University of Texas Dental Branch at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrew C. Lidral
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Stal
- Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Lina M. Moreno
- Dows Institute for Dental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mauricio Arco-Burgos
- Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Consuelo Valencia-Ramirez
- College of Dentistry, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia, South America, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | - Susan H. Blanton
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33101, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Co JKG, Verma S, Gurjav U, Sumibcay L, Nerurkar VR. Interferon- alpha and - beta restrict polyomavirus JC replication in primary human fetal glial cells: implications for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy therapy. J Infect Dis 2007; 196:712-8. [PMID: 17674314 PMCID: PMC2661426 DOI: 10.1086/520518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the major limitations of highly active antiretroviral therapy is its inability to inhibit the replication of polyomavirus JC (JCV), the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness. We previously demonstrated the induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) by JCV. In the present study, we characterize the specific viral events required to induce ISGs and the potential antiviral effects of type I IFN on JCV replication in human fetal glial cells in the presence and absence of type I IFNs. Productive JCV replication was essential for the induction of the antiviral host response. JCV replication at all steps was significantly inhibited in the presence of IFN, and neutralizing anti-IFN antibody rescued the inhibitory effect of IFN. These results support the use of IFN as an adjunct therapy for patients with PML. Because IFN cannot cross the blood-brain barrier to achieve its direct antiviral effect, intrathecal administration of IFN is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliene K. G. Co
- Retrovirology Research Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Asia-Pacific Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Saguna Verma
- Retrovirology Research Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Asia-Pacific Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Ulziijargal Gurjav
- Retrovirology Research Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Asia-Pacific Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813
| | - Laarni Sumibcay
- Retrovirology Research Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Asia-Pacific Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine
| | - Vivek R. Nerurkar
- Retrovirology Research Laboratory, Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, Asia-Pacific Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, John A. Burns School of Medicine
- Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96813
- *Corresponding author: Vivek R. Nerurkar, Ph.D., 651 Ilalo Street, BSB 325AA, Honolulu, HI 96813, Phone: (808) 692-1668, Fax: (808) 692-1980; e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Y, Ye L, Peng JS, Wang CQ, Luo GX, Zhang T, Wan Q, Ho WZ. Morphine inhibits intrahepatic interferon- alpha expression and enhances complete hepatitis C virus replication. J Infect Dis 2007; 196:719-30. [PMID: 17674315 DOI: 10.1086/520093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Heroin addicts are a high-risk group for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and the development of chronic HCV disease. We thus examined whether morphine, the active metabolite of heroin, has the ability to inhibit intrahepatic interferon (IFN)- alpha expression, facilitating HCV replication in human hepatocytes. Morphine inhibited intrahepatic IFN- alpha expression, which was associated with an increase in HCV replication in hepatocytes. Moreover, morphine compromised the anti-HCV effect of recombinant IFN- alpha . Investigation of the mechanism responsible for the morphine action revealed that morphine inhibited expression of IFN regulatory factor 5 in the hepatocytes. In addition, morphine suppressed the expression of p38, an important signal-transducing molecule involved in IFN- alpha -mediated anti-HCV activity. These findings indicate that morphine plays a cofactor role in facilitating HCV persistence in human hepatocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kozyrev SV, Lewén S, Reddy PMVL, Pons-Estel B, Witte T, Junker P, Laustrup H, Gutiérrez C, Suárez A, Francisca González-Escribano M, Martín J, Alarcón-Riquelme ME. Structural insertion/deletion variation in IRF5 is associated with a risk haplotype and defines the precise IRF5 isoforms expressed in systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1234-41. [PMID: 17393452 DOI: 10.1002/art.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether specific isoforms of IRF5 are transcribed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who have risk genotypes in the exon 1B donor splice site at single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) no. rs2004640. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from SLE patients and healthy controls from Argentina, Spain, and Germany and from trio families from Spain and Denmark. A reporter assay was used to investigate the role of SNP no. rs2004640. IRF5 expression in relation to the genotypes of functional SNPs was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Sequencing and genotyping of the IRF5 gene was performed. RESULTS Sequencing of complementary DNA from individuals with different genotypes showed 4 basic isoforms transcribed from all 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs), suggesting no preferential isoform transcription based on rs2004640 genotypes. Analysis of translation efficiency showed that exon 1A was the most efficient in initiating protein synthesis. We identified a novel polymorphic insertion/deletion that defines the pattern of expression of isoforms of IRF5. The insertion consists of 4 repeats in exon 6 affecting the protein interaction domain. The insertion segregates in the risk haplotype with the high expression allele of a poly(A) site SNP no. rs10954213 and the exon 1B donor splice allele of the 5'-UTR SNP no. rs2004640. The poly(A) polymorphism correlated with levels of IRF5 in cells stimulated with interferon-alpha. The SNP most strongly associated with SLE was SNP no. rs2070197 (P=5.2x10(-11)), which is a proxy of the risk haplotype, but does not appear to be functional. CONCLUSION None of the functional variants investigated in this study is strongly associated with SLE, with the exception of the exon 1B donor splice site, and its functional importance appears to be small. Our results suggest that there may be other functional polymorphisms, yet to be identified, in IRF5. We did not observe evidence of epistatic interaction between the functional SNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V Kozyrev
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, and Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Graham RR, Kyogoku C, Sigurdsson S, Vlasova IA, Davies LRL, Baechler EC, Plenge RM, Koeuth T, Ortmann WA, Hom G, Bauer JW, Gillett C, Burtt N, Cunninghame Graham DS, Onofrio R, Petri M, Gunnarsson I, Svenungsson E, Rönnblom L, Nordmark G, Gregersen PK, Moser K, Gaffney PM, Criswell LA, Vyse TJ, Syvänen AC, Bohjanen PR, Daly MJ, Behrens TW, Altshuler D. Three functional variants of IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) define risk and protective haplotypes for human lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6758-63. [PMID: 17412832 PMCID: PMC1847749 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0701266104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic genome-wide studies to map genomic regions associated with human diseases are becoming more practical. Increasingly, efforts will be focused on the identification of the specific functional variants responsible for the disease. The challenges of identifying causal variants include the need for complete ascertainment of genetic variants and the need to consider the possibility of multiple causal alleles. We recently reported that risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is strongly associated with a common SNP in IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), and that this variant altered spicing in a way that might provide a functional explanation for the reproducible association to SLE risk. Here, by resequencing and genotyping in patients with SLE, we find evidence for three functional alleles of IRF5: the previously described exon 1B splice site variant, a 30-bp in-frame insertion/deletion variant of exon 6 that alters a proline-, glutamic acid-, serine- and threonine-rich domain region, and a variant in a conserved polyA+ signal sequence that alters the length of the 3' UTR and stability of IRF5 mRNAs. Haplotypes of these three variants define at least three distinct levels of risk to SLE. Understanding how combinations of variants influence IRF5 function may offer etiological and therapeutic insights in SLE; more generally, IRF5 and SLE illustrates how multiple common variants of the same gene can together influence risk of common disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert R. Graham
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Human Genetics Research and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Chieko Kyogoku
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Snaevar Sigurdsson
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina A. Vlasova
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Leela R. L. Davies
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Human Genetics Research and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Emily C. Baechler
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Robert M. Plenge
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Human Genetics Research and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Thearith Koeuth
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Ward A. Ortmann
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Geoffrey Hom
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Jason W. Bauer
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Clarence Gillett
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Noel Burtt
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Human Genetics Research and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | - Robert Onofrio
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Human Genetics Research and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Michelle Petri
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital, SE-771 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet/Karolinska University Hospital, SE-771 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Nordmark
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter K. Gregersen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Kathy Moser
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Patrick M. Gaffney
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Timothy J. Vyse
- Rheumatology Section, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul R. Bohjanen
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Human Genetics Research and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Timothy W. Behrens
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - David Altshuler
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, and Center for Human Genetics Research and Departments of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang D, Thangaraju M, Greeneltch K, Browning DD, Schoenlein PV, Tamura T, Ozato K, Ganapathy V, Abrams SI, Liu K. Repression of IFN Regulatory Factor 8 by DNA Methylation Is a Molecular Determinant of Apoptotic Resistance and Metastatic Phenotype in Metastatic Tumor Cells. Cancer Res 2007; 67:3301-9. [PMID: 17409439 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apoptotic resistance is often associated with metastatic phenotype in tumor cells and is considered a hallmark of tumor progression. In this study, IFN regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) expression was found to be inversely correlated with an apoptotic-resistant and metastatic phenotype in human colon carcinoma cell lines in vitro. This inverse correlation was further extended to spontaneously arising primary mammary carcinoma and lung metastases in a mouse tumor model in vivo. Exogenous expression of IRF8 in the metastatic tumor cell line restored, at least partially, the sensitivity of the tumor cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis, and disruption of IRF8 function conferred the poorly metastatic tumors with enhanced apoptotic resistance and metastatic capability. DNA demethylation restored IRF8 expression and sensitized the metastatic tumor cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Analysis of genomic DNA isolated from both primary and metastatic tumor cells with methylation-sensitive PCR revealed hypermethylation of the IRF8 promoter in metastatic tumor cells but not in primary tumor cells. Taken together, our data suggest that IRF8 is both an essential regulator in Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway and a metastasis suppressor in solid tumors and that metastatic tumor cells use DNA hypermethylation to repress IRF8 expression to evade apoptotic cell death and to acquire a metastatic phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Naresh KN. MUM1 expression dichotomises follicular lymphoma into predominantly, MUM1-negative low-grade and MUM1-positive high-grade subtypes. Haematologica 2007; 92:267-8. [PMID: 17296585 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.10682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the expression of MUM1 (multiple myeloma oncogene 1)/IRF4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) in 46 cases of follicular lymphoma (FL) and correlated this with grade and expression of CD10, Bcl-6 and Ki-67. The analysis suggests that MUM1 expression dichotomises FL into low-grade FL of CD10+/Bcl-6+/MUM1-/Ki-67low phenotype, and high-grade FL of CD10+/- /Bcl-6+/weak/MUM1+/ Ki-67high phenotype.
Collapse
|
27
|
Cattoretti G, Shaknovich R, Smith PM, Jäck HM, Murty VV, Alobeid B. Stages of germinal center transit are defined by B cell transcription factor coexpression and relative abundance. J Immunol 2007; 177:6930-9. [PMID: 17082608 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The transit of T cell-activated B cells through the germinal center (GC) is controlled by sequential activation and repression of key transcription factors, executing the pre- and post-GC B cell program. B cell lymphoma (BCL) 6 and IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 8 are necessary for GC formation and for its molecular activity in Pax5+PU.1+ B cells. IRF4, which is highly expressed in BCL6- GC B cells, is necessary for class switch recombination and the plasma cell differentiation at exit from the GC. In this study, we show at the single-cell level broad coexpression of IRF4 with BCL6, Pax5, IRF8, and PU.1 in pre- and post-GC B cells in human and mouse. IRF4 is down-regulated in BCL6+ human GC founder cells (IgD+CD38+), is absent in GC centroblasts, and is re-expressed in positive regulatory domain 1-positive centrocytes, which are negative for all the B cell transcription factors. Activated (CD30+) and activation-induced cytidine deaminase-positive extrafollicular blasts coexpress Pax5 and IRF4. PU.1-negative plasma cells and CD30+ blasts uniquely display the conformational epitope of IRF4 recognized by the MUM1 Ab, an epitope that is absent from any other IRF4+PU.1+ lymphoid and hemopoietic subsets. Low grade B cell lymphomas, representing the malignant counterpart of pre- and post-GC B cells, accordingly express IRF4. However, a fraction of BCL6+ diffuse large B cell lymphomas express IRF4 bearing the MUM1 epitope, indicative of a posttranscriptional modification of IRF4 not seen in the normal counterpart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cattoretti
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Knight AS, Schutte BC, Jiang R, Dixon MJ. Developmental expression analysis of the mouse and chick orthologues of IRF6: the gene mutated in Van der Woude syndrome. Dev Dyn 2006; 235:1441-7. [PMID: 16245336 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the lip and palate involves a complex series of events that are frequently disturbed resulting in the congenital anomalies cleft lip and cleft palate. Van der Woude syndrome (VWS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is characterised by cleft lip, cleft palate, lower lip pits, and hypodontia. VWS arises as the result of mutations in the gene encoding interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6). To provide insights into the role of IRF6 during embryogenesis, we have analysed the expression of this molecule during mouse and chick facial development. Irf6 was expressed in the ectoderm covering the facial processes during their fusion to form the upper lip and primary palate in both mouse and chick. However, while Irf6 was expressed in the medial edge epithelia of the developing secondary palate of the mouse, which fuses as in man, Irf6 was not expressed in the medial edge epithelia of the naturally cleft chick secondary palate. Similarly, Irf6 was found to be down-regulated in the medial edge epithelia of transforming growth factor beta3-null mice, which also exhibit cleft palate. Together, these results support a role for IRF6 during the fusion events that occur during development of the lip and palate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Knight
- Faculty of Life Sciences and School of Dentistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoefnagel JJ, Mulder MMS, Dreef E, Jansen PM, Pals ST, Meijer CJLM, Willemze R, Vermeer MH. Expression of B-cell transcription factors in primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2006; 19:1270-6. [PMID: 16778825 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Expression patterns of eight transcription factors involved in different stages of B-cell development were investigated in a large group of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas and compared with expression patterns during normal B-cell development. The following transcription factors were investigated: Pax-5, PU.1, Oct2, BOB.1, Bcl-6, Mum1/IRF4, Blimp-1 and FOXP1. Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas, leg type showed aberrant coexpression of Bcl-6 and Mum1/IRF4 and in addition strong expression of FOXP1. Expression of FOXP1 and Mum1/IRF4 strongly suggests an activated B-cell type of origin. In contrast, primary cutaneous follicle center lymphomas showed expression of Bcl-6, Pax-5, PU.1, Oct2 and BOB.1, but not of Mum1/IRF4, Blimp-1 and FOXP1. Primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma showed expression of Pax-5, PU.1, Oct2 and BOB.1, but not Bcl-6 by the neoplastic B-cells, and Mum1/IRF4 and Blimp-1 by the neoplastic plasma cells. In conclusion, in primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma and primary cutaneous marginal zone B-cell lymphoma expression patterns were observed similar to their supposed benign counterparts, germinal center B-cells and postgerminal center B-cells, respectively, which might reflect their indolent clinical behaviour and excellent prognosis. In contrast, the activated B-cell expression pattern in the group of primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma, leg type may contribute to its poor prognosis and Mum1/IRF4 and FOXP1 may serve as additional diagnostic markers for this type of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette J Hoefnagel
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hippenstiel S, Opitz B, Schmeck B, Suttorp N. Lung epithelium as a sentinel and effector system in pneumonia--molecular mechanisms of pathogen recognition and signal transduction. Respir Res 2006; 7:97. [PMID: 16827942 PMCID: PMC1533821 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-7-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/08/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia, a common disease caused by a great diversity of infectious agents is responsible for enormous morbidity and mortality worldwide. The bronchial and lung epithelium comprises a large surface between host and environment and is attacked as a primary target during lung infection. Besides acting as a mechanical barrier, recent evidence suggests that the lung epithelium functions as an important sentinel system against pathogens. Equipped with transmembranous and cytosolic pathogen-sensing pattern recognition receptors the epithelium detects invading pathogens. A complex signalling results in epithelial cell activation, which essentially participates in initiation and orchestration of the subsequent innate and adaptive immune response. In this review we summarize recent progress in research focussing on molecular mechanisms of pathogen detection, host cell signal transduction, and subsequent activation of lung epithelial cells by pathogens and their virulence factors and point to open questions. The analysis of lung epithelial function in the host response in pneumonia may pave the way to the development of innovative highly needed therapeutics in pneumonia in addition to antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bastian Opitz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Schmeck
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Soma LA, Craig FE, Swerdlow SH. The proliferation center microenvironment and prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. Hum Pathol 2006; 37:152-9. [PMID: 16426914 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prognostication in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) based, in part, on ZAP-70 and CD38 expression, and to a lesser extent, on MUM1/IRF4 expression, is currently of great interest. The more aggressive type of CLL/SLL is reportedly characterized by neoplastic cells that are more responsive to B-cell signaling with proliferation centers (PCs), a potentially important site of neoplastic cell stimulation. To study the relationship of these markers to each other and to the pattern of PCs, immunohistochemical stains for ZAP-70 and MUM1/IRF4 were performed and the PC patterns assessed (where possible) in 29 tissue biopsies with CLL/SLL. CD38 expression was assessed in 18 cases using flow cytometry. Ten evaluable cases had a typical PC pattern and 16 an atypical pattern with larger or more confluent PCs and/or more numerous paraimmunoblasts/transformed cells. ZAP-70 was positive in 14 of 28 cases, including 3 with atypical PCs and enhanced PC staining. All 29 cases showed MUM1/IRF4 expression in PCs. Seven cases, none with atypical PC, also showed uniform positivity throughout, 14 showed weaker staining of surrounding lymphocytes, and 8 had PC staining only. CD38 was positive in 14 of 18 cases. The only significant association identified was between uniform MUM1/IRF4 positivity and typical PCs (P = .004). These findings highlight the complex interrelationship of prognostic markers in CLL/SLL and demonstrate potentially important microenvironmental variations in their expression. They support the hypothesis that PCs are a site for B-cell receptor signaling, which helps explain reported site-dependent antigenic variation in CLL/SLL, and suggest that PC morphology may correlate with other biological features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorinda A Soma
- Division of Hematopathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA 15213-2582, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li CF, Ye H, Liu H, Du MQ, Chuang SS. Fatal HHV-8-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome in an HIV-Negative Immunocompetent Patient With Plasmablastic Variant of Multicentric Castleman Disease (Plasmablastic Microlymphoma). Am J Surg Pathol 2006; 30:123-7. [PMID: 16330952 DOI: 10.1097/01.pas.0000172293.59785.b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (VAHS) triggered by HHV-8 is extremely rare and has been reported only in 9 immunocompromised patients. We report the first case of HHV-8-associated VAHS in an HIV-negative, immunocompetent patient with plasmablastic variant (plasmablastic microlymphoma) of multicentric Castleman disease (MCD). This 61-year-old man presented with fever, cough, and bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Biopsy of the right inguinal lymph node revealed plasmablastic MCD with nodular aggregates of plasmablasts expressing IgM, MUM1, HHV-8 latency-associated nuclear antigen, and viral interleukin-6. These plasmablasts were monotypic for Iglambda light chain expression but not Igkappa. All the B-cell clonality assays, including IgH-FR2, IgH-FR3, DH-JH, Igkappa, and Iglambda PCR, showed a polyclonal pattern. His serum human interleukin-6 level was markedly elevated and was negative for EBV acute infection/reactivation. The marrow aspirate showed florid hemophagocytosis. His disease progressed rapidly to multisystemic illness, and he died of acute respiratory failure in 1 month. Our case showed that HHV-8 might trigger VAHS in an immunocompetent patient with plasmablastic MCD. We speculated that our patient developed VAHS under the cytokine storm associated with the proliferating HHV-8-infected plasmablasts, similar to the EBV-triggered VAHS in patients with EBV-associated T-cell lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Li
- Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, 901 Chung-hwa Road, Yung-kang City, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Bailey CM, Khalkhali-Ellis Z, Kondo S, Margaryan NV, Seftor REB, Wheaton WW, Amir S, Pins MR, Schutte BC, Hendrix MJC. Mammary serine protease inhibitor (Maspin) binds directly to interferon regulatory factor 6: identification of a novel serpin partnership. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:34210-7. [PMID: 16049006 PMCID: PMC3175759 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m503523200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its reported discovery in 1994, maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) has been characterized as a class II tumor suppressor by its ability to promote apoptosis and inhibit cell invasion. Maspin is highly expressed in normal mammary epithelial cells but reduced or absent in aggressive breast carcinomas. However, despite efforts to characterize the mechanism(s) by which maspin functions as a tumor suppressor, its molecular characterization has remained somewhat elusive. Therefore, in an attempt to identify maspin-interacting proteins and thereby gain insight into the functional pathways of maspin, we employed a maspin-baited yeast two-hybrid system and subsequently identified Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) as a maspin-binding protein. IRF6 belongs to the IRF family of transcription factors, which is best known for its regulation of interferon and interferon-inducible genes following a pathogenic stimulus. Although many of the IRF family members have been well characterized, IRF6 remains poorly understood. We report that IRF6 is expressed in normal mammary epithelial cells and that it directly associates with maspin in a yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro. The interaction occurs via the conserved IRF protein association domain and is regulated by phosphorylation of IRF6. We have shown that, similar to maspin, IRF6 expression is inversely correlated with breast cancer invasiveness. We further demonstrated that the transient re-expression of IRF6 in breast cancer cells results in an increase of N-cadherin and a redistribution of vimentin commensurate with changes in cell morphology, suggestive of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition event. Concomitantly, we showed that maspin acts as a negative regulator of this process. These findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of maspin and suggest an interactive role between maspin and IRF6 in regulating cellular phenotype, the loss of which can lead to neoplastic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb M. Bailey
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy A. and Lucille J. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
- Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
| | - Zhila Khalkhali-Ellis
- Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
| | - Shinji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy A. and Lucille J. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Naira V. Margaryan
- Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
| | - Richard E. B. Seftor
- Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
| | - William W. Wheaton
- Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
| | - Sumaira Amir
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy A. and Lucille J. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Michael R. Pins
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
| | - Brian C. Schutte
- Department of Pediatrics, Roy A. and Lucille J. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
| | - Mary J. C. Hendrix
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Roy A. and Lucille J. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
- Children’s Memorial Research Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, 60011
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Children’s Memorial Research Center, 2300 Children’s Plaza, Box 222, Chicago, IL 60614-3394. Tel.: 773-755-6528; Fax: 773-755-6534;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kodama K, Massone C, Chott A, Metze D, Kerl H, Cerroni L. Primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas: clinicopathologic features, classification, and prognostic factors in a large series of patients. Blood 2005; 106:2491-7. [PMID: 15947086 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the new World Health Organization/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (WHO/EORTC) classification of cutaneous lymphomas, large B-cell lymphomas (LBCLs) are divided into 3 groups: LBCL, leg-type (LBCLLT); follicle center lymphoma, diffuse type (FCLDT); and LBCL, others (LBCLO). We studied a large number of primary cutaneous LBCLs to test the validity of the classification and to identify prognostic factors for these patients. Ninety-three cases of primary cutaneous LBCL were analyzed for clinicopathologic features, expression of several markers including Bcl-2, Bcl-6, MUM-1, and FOX-P1, in situ hybridization for Epstein-Barr virus, and molecular analyses of IGH gene rearrangement and of Borrelia burgdorferi and human herpesvirus 8 DNA. Patients were classified into the following categories: FCLDT, 44 cases; LBCLLT, 40 cases; and LBCLO, 9 cases. Statistical analyses showed that the LBCLLT and FCLDT groups were clearly distinct in terms of clinicopathologic features and survival. The LBCLO group had features in between those of LBCLLT and FCLDT. Our study shows that accurate morphologic and phenotypic analyses allow us to stratify most patients into the prognostically different categories of LBCLLT and FCLDT. The definition of a third category of LBCLO requires further studies to clarify whether these cases indeed show distinct clinicopathologic features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Kodama
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Petit B, Chaury MP, Le Clorennec C, Jaccard A, Gachard N, Moalic-Judge S, Labrousse F, Cogné M, Bordessoule D, Feuillard J. Indolent lymphoplasmacytic and marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: absence of both IRF4 and Ki67 expression identifies a better prognosis subgroup. Haematologica 2005; 90:200-6. [PMID: 15710572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Small B-cell indolent lymphomas postulated to be of a post-germinal center origin include marginal zone lymphomas of the spleen (S-MZL) or lymph nodes (N-MZL) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (LPL). The existence of rather aggressive cases stresses the need for new biological prognostic markers. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed 90 tumors (20 LPL, 41 MALT lymphomas, 12 N-MZL, 17 S-MZL), investigating the expression of CD5, CD10, CD20, CD23, CD27, CD38, CD79a, CD138, Bcl6, cyclin D1, IRF4 and Ki67 antigens by immunohistochemistry. Results were compared to the histology, the standard clinical and biological parameters, and the global survival. RESULTS Tumors were all positive for CD20 and CD79a, occasionally positive for CD5, CD23, CD138 and cyclin D1, and all negative for Bcl-6 and CD10. CD38, CD27 and IRF4 expression was heterogeneous. IRF4 expression was correlated with plasma-cell differentiation (p=0.0017). Ki67 expression was increased mainly in N-MZL (66%) and LPL (45%). In terms of overall survival, Ki67, IRF4 and C-reactive protein levels were found to be the 3 independent parameters associated with a worse outcome. Lack of both Ki67 and IRF4 expression was associated with a longer survival (median overall survival 9.8+/-1.1 years versus 3.6+/-1.3 years in the other group) (p=0.0011). INTERPRETATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Absence of expression of both Ki67 and IRF4 is likely to define a group of memory B-cell lymphomas with a better prognosis. This may have an important impact in the staging of patients since expression of these markers is easily assessed in routine diagnosis.
Collapse
|