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Moniruzzaman M, Rahman MA, Wang R, Wong KY, Chen ACH, Mueller A, Taylor S, Harding A, Illankoon T, Wiid P, Sajiir H, Schreiber V, Burr LD, McGuckin MA, Phipps S, Hasnain SZ. Interleukin-22 suppresses major histocompatibility complex II in mucosal epithelial cells. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230106. [PMID: 37695525 PMCID: PMC10494524 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II is dynamically expressed on mucosal epithelial cells and is induced in response to inflammation and parasitic infections, upon exposure to microbiota, and is increased in chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the regulation of epithelial cell-specific MHC II during homeostasis is yet to be explored. We discovered a novel role for IL-22 in suppressing epithelial cell MHC II partially via the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, using animals lacking the interleukin-22-receptor (IL-22RA1), primary human and murine intestinal and respiratory organoids, and murine models of respiratory virus infection or with intestinal epithelial cell defects. IL-22 directly downregulated interferon-γ-induced MHC II on primary epithelial cells by modulating the expression of MHC II antigen A α (H2-Aα) and Class II transactivator (Ciita), a master regulator of MHC II gene expression. IL-22RA1-knockouts have significantly higher MHC II expression on mucosal epithelial cells. Thus, while IL-22-based therapeutics improve pathology in chronic disease, their use may increase susceptibility to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moniruzzaman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M. Arifur Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ran Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kuan Yau Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alice C.-H. Chen
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexandra Mueller
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Steven Taylor
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alexa Harding
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thishan Illankoon
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Percival Wiid
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Haressh Sajiir
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Veronika Schreiber
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lucy D. Burr
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael A. McGuckin
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Simon Phipps
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Respiratory Immunology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Australia
| | - Sumaira Z. Hasnain
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Immunopathology Group, Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute—The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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2
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Nong H, Yuan H, Lin Y, Chen S, Li Y, Luo Z, Yang W, Zhang T, Chen Y. IL-22 promotes occludin expression by activating autophagy and treats ulcerative colitis. Mol Cell Biochem 2023:10.1007/s11010-023-04806-z. [PMID: 37440121 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 serves a protective function in the intestinal barrier. These protective properties of IL-22 may offer a potential treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the exact mechanisms of action remain unclear. Autophagy plays an important protective role in stabilizing the intestinal barrier. We aimed to explore the role of autophagy in the IL-22-mediated-protective effects in UC. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was administrated via drinking water over 7 days to induce acute UC in BALB/c mice. Treatments with IL-22 (0.25 μg/10 g bodyweight) were started by intraperitoneal injection on days 1, 3, and 5. Weight, disease activity index, histological score, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were used to evaluate the severity of colitis. The expressions of occludin and autophagy-related proteins LC3BII/I were measured by western blot analysis. The lipopolysaccharide-induced HT-29 cell model was used to explore the mechanism. In vivo, IL-22 significantly alleviated DSS-induced clinical manifestations, reduced histological injury, and inhibited MPO activity. IL-22 upregulated the expression of occludin and the LC3B II/I ratio in the colon. In vitro, IL-22 significantly lowered TNF-α levels and enhanced the expression of occludin and the LC3B II/I ratio. Importantly, inhibiting autophagy in vitro by 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the occludin protective effects of IL-22. In summary, our findings demonstrate that IL-22 ameliorates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis, which may be attributable to activating autophagy and then promoting occludin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Haifeng Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhaoqiong Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Yuanneng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000, China.
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3
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Iraji D, Oftedal BE, Wolff ASB. Th17 Cells: Orchestrators of Mucosal Inflammation and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Crit Rev Immunol 2023; 43:25-52. [PMID: 37831521 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2023050360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells represent a specialized subgroup of effector CD4+ T cells known for their role in provoking neutrophil-driven tissue inflammation, particularly within mucosal tissues. Although they are pivotal for defending the host against extracellular bacteria and fungi, they have also been associated with development of various T cell-mediated inflammatory conditions, autoimmune diseases, and even cancer. Notably, Th17 cells exhibit a dual nature, with different Th17 cell subtypes showcasing distinct effector functions and varying capacities to incite autoimmune tissue inflammation. Furthermore, Th17 cells exhibit significant plasticity, which carries important functional implications, both in terms of their expression of cytokines typically associated with other effector T cell subsets and in their interactions with regulatory CD4+ T cells. The intricate balance of Th17 cytokines can also be a double-edged sword in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. Within this article, we delve into the mechanisms that govern the differentiation, function, and adaptability of Th17 cells. We culminate with an exploration of therapeutic potentials in harnessing the power of Th17 cells and their cytokines. Targeted interventions to modulate Th17 responses are emerging as promising strategies for autoimmunity, inflammation, and cancer treatment. By precisely fine-tuning Th17-related pathways, we may unlock new avenues for personalized therapeutic approaches, aiming to restore immune balance, alleviate the challenges of these disorders, and ultimately enhance the quality of life for individuals affected by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Iraji
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bergithe E Oftedal
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anette S B Wolff
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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4
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Hu K, Lv L, Huang H, Yin G, Gao J, Liu J, Yang Y, Zeng W, Chen Y, Zhang N, Zhang F, Ma Y, Chen F. A Novel Tree Shrew Model of Chronic Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis and Its Disruptive Application. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889596. [PMID: 35711454 PMCID: PMC9196886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have established several animal models for experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in rodents without the fovea centralis in the human retina. This study aimed to develop and explore the application of a novel EAU model in tree shrews with a cone-dominated retina resembling the human fovea. Methods Tree shrews were clinically and pathologically evaluated for the development and characteristics of EAU immunized with six inter-photoreceptor retinoid-binding proteins (IRBPs). IRBP-specific T-cell proliferation and serum cytokine of tree shrews were evaluated to determine the immune responses. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the eyes of tree shrews with EAU by RNA-sequencing. The disruptive effects of the DEG RGS4 inhibitor CCG 203769 and dihydroartemisinin on the EAU were investigated to evaluate the potential application of tree shrew EAU. Results IRBP1197–1211 and R14 successfully induced chronic EAU with subretinal deposits and retinal damage in the tree shrews. The immunological characteristics presented the predominant infiltration of microglia/macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD4-T-cells into the uvea and retina and pathogenic T helper (Th) 1 and Th17 responses. The subretinal deposits positively expressed amyloid β-protein (Aβ), CD8, and P2Y purinoceptor 12 (P2RY12). The crucial DEGs in R14-induced EAU, such as P2RY2 and adenylate cyclase 4 (ADCY4), were enriched for several pathways, including inflammatory mediator regulation of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The upregulated RGS4 in IRBP-induced EAU was associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. RGS4 inhibition and dihydroartemisinin could significantly alleviate the retinal pathological injuries of IRBP1197-1211-induced EAU by decreasing the expression of CD4 T-cells. Conclusion Our study provides a novel chronic EAU in tree shrews elicited by bovine R14 and tree shrew IRBP1197-1211 characterized by retinal degeneration, retinal damage with subretinal Aβ deposits and microglia/macrophage infiltration, and T-cell response, probably by altering important pathways and genes related to bacterial invasion, inflammatory pain, microglial phagocytosis, and lipid and glucose metabolism. The findings advance the knowledge of the pathogenesis and therapeutics of the fovea-involved visual disturbance in human uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijiao Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, China
| | - Longbao Lv
- Laboratory Animal Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangnian Yin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaying Yang
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxin Zeng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Feiyan Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yuhua Ma
- Laboratory Animal Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Feilan Chen
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Rodent Laboratory Animals, Chongqing, China
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5
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Mucosal-associated invariant T cells have therapeutic potential against ocular autoimmunity. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:351-361. [PMID: 34775490 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune uveitis is a sight-threatening disease induced by pathogenic T cells that recognize retinal antigens; it is observed in disorders including Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH). The roles of specific T cell subsets and their therapeutic potential against autoimmune uveitis are not fully understood. Here we conducted multi-parametric single-cell protein quantification which shows that the frequency of CD161highTRAV1-2+ mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells that recognize vitamin B2 metabolite-based antigens is decreased in relapsing VKH patients compared to individuals without active ocular inflammation. An experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) mouse model revealed that genetic depletion of MAIT cells reduced the expression of interleukin (Il) 22 and exacerbated retinal pathology. Reduced IL-22 levels were commonly observed in patients with relapsing VKH compared to individuals without active ocular inflammation. Both mouse and human MAIT cells produced IL-22 upon stimulation with their antigenic metabolite in vitro. An intravitreal administration of the antigenic metabolite into EAU mice induced retinal MAIT cell expansion and enhanced the expressions of Il22, as well as its downstream genes related to anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, leading to an improvement in both retinal pathology and visual function. Taken together, we demonstrate that a metabolite-driven approach targeting MAIT cells has therapeutic potential against autoimmune uveitis.
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6
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is secreted by a wide range of immune cells and its downstream effects are mediated by the IL-22 receptor, which is present on non-immune cells in many organs throughout the body. IL-22 is an inflammatory mediator that conditions the tissue compartment by upregulating innate immune responses and is also a homeostatic factor that promotes tissue integrity and regeneration. Interestingly, the IL-22 system has also been linked to many T cell driven inflammatory diseases. Despite this, the downstream effects of IL-22 on the adaptive immune system has received little attention. We have reviewed the literature for experimental data that suggest IL-22 mediated effects on T cells, either transduced directly or via mediators expressed by innate immune cells or non-immune cells in response to IL-22. Collectively, the reviewed data indicate that IL-22 has a hitherto unappreciated influence on T helper cell polarization, or the secretion of signature cytokines, that is context dependent but in many cases results in a reduction of the Th1 type response and to some extent promotion of regulatory T cells. Further studies are needed that specifically address these aspects of IL-22 signaling, which can benefit the understanding and treatment of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Yang H, Han L, Zhou Y, Ding J, Cai Y, Hong R, Hao Y, Zhu D, Shen X, Guan Y. Lower serum interleukin-22 and interleukin-35 levels are associated with disease status in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:251-259. [PMID: 31342670 PMCID: PMC6978267 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The exact pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) remains unclear. A variety of cytokines are involved, but few studies have been performed to explore the novel roles of interleukin-22 (IL-22) and interleukin-35 (IL-35) in NMOSD. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate serum levels of IL-22 and IL-35, and their correlations with clinical and laboratory characteristics in NMOSD. METHODS We performed a cross-section study, 18 patients with acute NMOSD, 23 patients with remission NMOSD, and 36 healthy controls were consecutively enrolled. Serum levels of IL-22 and IL-35 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlations between serum IL-22 and IL-35 levels and clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated by Spearman's rank or Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS The serum levels of IL-22 and IL-35 were significantly lower in patients with acute NMOSD and remission NMOSD than in healthy controls (IL-22: 76.96 ± 13.62 pg/mL, 87.30 ± 12.79 pg/mL, and 94.02 ± 8.52 pg/mL, respectively, P < .0001; IL-35: 45.52 ± 7.04 pg/mL, 57.07 ± 7.68 pg/mL, and 60.05 ± 20.181 pg/mL, respectively, P < .0001). Serum levels of IL-35 were negatively correlated with EDSS scores and cerebrospinal fluid protein levels (r = -.5438, P = .0002 and r = -.3523, P = .0258, respectively) in all patients. CONCLUSIONS Lower serum levels of IL-22 and IL-35 are associated with disease status in NMOSD. Additionally, lower serum levels of IL-35 are associated with disease severity in NMOSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, School of MedicineTong Ji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Han
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yun‐Jia Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, School of MedicineTong Ji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Cai
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Rong‐Hua Hong
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - De‐Sheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xia‐Feng Shen
- Department of Neurology, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, School of MedicineTong Ji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yang‐Tai Guan
- Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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8
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Mattapallil MJ, Kielczewski JL, Zárate-Bladés CR, St Leger AJ, Raychaudhuri K, Silver PB, Jittayasothorn Y, Chan CC, Caspi RR. Interleukin 22 ameliorates neuropathology and protects from central nervous system autoimmunity. J Autoimmun 2019; 102:65-76. [PMID: 31080013 PMCID: PMC6667188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 has opposing effects in different tissues, from pro-inflammatory (skin, joints) to protective (liver, intestine) but little is known about its effects on neuroinflammation. We examined the effect of IL-22 on retinal tissue by using the model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in IL-22-/- mice, as well as by intraocular injections of recombinant IL-22 or anti-IL-22 antibodies in wild type animals. During EAU, IL-22 was produced in the eye by CD4+ eye-infiltrating T cells. EAU-challenged IL-22-/- mice, as well as WT mice treated systemically or intraocularly with anti-IL-22 antibodies during the expression phase of disease, developed exacerbated retinal damage. Furthermore, IL-22-/- mice were more susceptible than WT controls to glutamate-induced neurotoxicity, whereas local IL-22 supplementation was protective, suggesting direct or indirect neuroprotective effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that retinal glial Müller cells express IL-22rα1 in vivo, and in vitro IL-22 enhanced their ability to suppress proliferation of effector T cells. Finally, IL-22 injected into the eye concurrently with IL-1, inhibited the (IL-1-induced) expression of multiple proinflammatory and proapoptotic genes in retinal tissue. These findings suggest that IL-22 can function locally within the retina to reduce inflammatory damage and provide neuroprotection by affecting multiple molecular and cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J Mattapallil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer L Kielczewski
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carlos R Zárate-Bladés
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anthony J St Leger
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kumarkrishna Raychaudhuri
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Phyllis B Silver
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yingyos Jittayasothorn
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rachel R Caspi
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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9
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Lindahl H, Guerreiro-Cacais AO, Bedri SK, Linnerbauer M, Lindén M, Abdelmagid N, Tandre K, Hollins C, Irving L, Glover C, Jones C, Alfredsson L, Rönnblom L, Kockum I, Khademi M, Jagodic M, Olsson T. IL-22 Binding Protein Promotes the Disease Process in Multiple Sclerosis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:888-898. [PMID: 31292217 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have mapped the specific sequence variants that predispose for multiple sclerosis (MS). The pathogenic mechanisms that underlie these associations could be leveraged to develop safer and more effective MS treatments but are still poorly understood. In this article, we study the genetic risk variant rs17066096 and the candidate gene that encodes IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP), an antagonist molecule of the cytokine IL-22. We show that monocytes from carriers of the risk genotype of rs17066096 express more IL-22BP in vitro and cerebrospinal fluid levels of IL-22BP correlate with MS lesion load on magnetic resonance imaging. We confirm the pathogenicity of IL-22BP in both rat and mouse models of MS and go on to suggest a pathogenic mechanism involving lack of IL-22-mediated inhibition of T cell-derived IFN-γ expression. Our results demonstrate a pathogenic role of IL-22BP in three species with a potential mechanism of action involving T cell polarization, suggesting a therapeutic potential of IL-22 in the context of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lindahl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - André O Guerreiro-Cacais
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sahl Khalid Bedri
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Linnerbauer
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Lindén
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nada Abdelmagid
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Tandre
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claire Hollins
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Irving
- High Content Imaging, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom; and
| | - Colin Glover
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Clare Jones
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity Research, MedImmune, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology and Science for Life Laboratories, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohsen Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Wu J, Gu J, Zhou S, Lu H, Lu Y, Lu L, Wang X. Anti-IL-22 Antibody Attenuates Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease via Increasing Foxp3 + T Cell through Modulation of CD11b + Cell Function. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1605341. [PMID: 30159338 PMCID: PMC6109487 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1605341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer of splenocytes isolated from B6 mice into normal B6D2F1 mice induces acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), resulting in the expansion of donor cytotoxic T lymphocytes that eliminate recipient B cells. The cytokine IL-22, secreted by Th1 cells, Th17 cells, and innate immune cells, is structurally related to IL-10. To investigate the association between IL-22 and aGVHD, an anti-mouse IL-22 antibody (IL-22Ab) was used to ablate IL-22 activity in a mouse aGVHD model. Administration of IL-22Ab significantly reduced the progression of aGVHD in B6D2F1 recipients of B6 grafts. IL-22Ab treatment also decreased the percentage of interferon-γ+ and tumor necrosis factor-α+ T cells but increased the number of forkhead box p3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the presence of Tregs and donor CD11b+ cells, IL-22Ab protected against aGVHD. In vitro Treg induction was more efficient when CD4+CD25- T cells differentiated in the presence of CD11b+ cells obtained from IL-22Ab-treated GVHD mice, compared with cocultured untreated control cells. Finally, IL-22Ab modulated the expression of cytokines and costimulatory molecules in CD11b+ cells in aGVHD mice. We therefore conclude that IL-22Ab administration represents a viable approach for treating aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Wu
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of General Surgery, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunjie Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Living Donor Liver Transplantation, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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11
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Immune Privilege and Eye-Derived T-Regulatory Cells. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:1679197. [PMID: 29888291 PMCID: PMC5985108 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1679197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain cellular components of the eye, such as neural retina, are unable to regenerate and replicate after destructive inflammation. Ocular immune privilege provides the eye with immune protection against intraocular inflammation in order to minimize the risk to vision integrity. The eye and immune system use strategies to maintain the ocular immune privilege by regulating the innate and adaptive immune response, which includes immunological ignorance, peripheral tolerance to eye-derived antigens, and intraocular immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanism responsible for the development and maintenance of ocular immune privilege via regulatory T cells (Tregs), which are generated by the anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID), and ocular resident cells including corneal endothelial (CE) cells, ocular pigment epithelial (PE) cells, and aqueous humor. Furthermore, we examined the therapeutic potential of Tregs generated by RPE cells that express transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-2 alpha (CTLA-2α), and retinoic acid for autoimmune uveoretinitis and evaluated a new strategy using human RPE-induced Tregs for clinical application in inflammatory ocular disease. We believe that a better understanding of the ocular immune privilege associated with Tregs might offer a new approach with regard to therapeutic interventions for ocular autoimmunity.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increasing evidence supports Th17 cells as key mediators of ocular inflammatory disease. Cytokines that are important for the development and pathologic function of these cells are potential therapeutic targets in patients with immune mediated uveitis. This review provides an overview of these cytokines including recent insights about their roles in ocular inflammation from laboratory and clinical studies. RECENT FINDINGS Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-22, IL-23 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) are cytokines that have been examined for their functional role in uveitis and their relationship to pathologic Th17 cells. Studies in animal models, particularly in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), have been instrumental in studying the role of these cytokines in disease pathogenesis. More recently, studies on aqueous, vitreous and serum from patients with uveitis using flow cytometry and multiplex ELISA bead-based methodologies have provided insights into the contribution of Th17 cells and the related cytokines in ocular inflammatory diseases. The central role of IL-23 in determining the pathologic Th17 fate has made it an effective therapeutic target in systemic diseases such as psoriasis and thereby an attractive potential target for patients with immune-mediated uveitis. SUMMARY Th17 cells, and their related cytokines, are important inflammatory mediators in autoimmune uveitis. Animal and human studies continue to provide new information to direct development of new cytokine-targeted therapies for patients with uveitis.
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Abstract
IL-22 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulated in psoriasis and in other inflammatory diseases. The function of IL-22 is regulated by the soluble scavenging receptor, IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP or IL-22RA2). However, the role and regulation of IL-22BP itself in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease remain unclear. We used the TLR7 agonist Imiquimod (IMQ) to induce a psoriasis-like skin disease in mice and found a strong downregulation of IL-22BP in the affected skin as well as in the lymph nodes of animals treated with IMQ. We also analysed psoriatic skin of patients and compared this to skin of healthy donors. Interestingly, IL-22BP expression was similarly downregulated in skin biopsies of psoriasis patients compared to the skin of healthy donors. Since IL-22BP is expressed foremost in dendritic cells, we characterized its expression in monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) during maturation. In this way, we found Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to be a potent suppressor of IL-22BP expression in vitro. We conclude that regulation of IL-22BP by inflammatory mediators is an important step for the progression of inflammation in the skin and possibly also in other autoimmune diseases.
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14
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Kim Y, Lee J, Kim J, Choi CW, Hwang YI, Kang JS, Lee WJ. The pathogenic role of interleukin-22 and its receptor during UVB-induced skin inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178567. [PMID: 28558005 PMCID: PMC5448782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies show that IL-22, a cytokine produced by activated CD4+ T cells and NK cells, plays a pathogenic role in acute and chronic skin diseases. While IL-22 is produced by immune cells, the expression of IL-22Rα, the functional subunit of IL-22R, is mostly restricted to non-hematopoietic cells in organs such as the skin and pancreas. Although it is well known that ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces skin inflammation, there have been no reports regarding the effect of UVB on the expression of IL-22Rα. This study investigated IL-22Rα expression and IL-22-mediated proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production by UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. IL-22Rα was increased in HaCaT and primary human keratinocytes after UVB irradiation through the translocation of IL-22Rα from the cytosol to the membrane. This increase in the expression of IL-22Rα was mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Moreover, the suppression of keratinocyte proliferation by UVB irradiation was inhibited by treatment with IL-22. At the same time, IL-22 increased the production of IL-1α, IL-6, and IL-18 in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells and primary human keratinocytes. Finally, IL-22Rα expression was increased in UVB-irradiated human and mouse skin by immunohistochemistry. The increased expression of IL-22Rα therefore promotes keratinocyte proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production during UVB-induced skin inflammation, suggesting that UVB facilitates skin inflammation by increasing the responsiveness of keratinocytes to IL-22. This study provides a new insight into UVB-induced skin inflammation and the regulation of related inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junmyung Lee
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Won Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Il Hwang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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IL22 in Egyptian SLE patients, could it reflect disease activity, skin or renal involvement or is it only an expensive ESR? EGYPTIAN RHEUMATOLOGIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejr.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Eskandarpour M, Alexander R, Adamson P, Calder VL. Pharmacological Inhibition of Bromodomain Proteins Suppresses Retinal Inflammatory Disease and Downregulates Retinal Th17 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:1093-1103. [PMID: 28039300 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), in which CD4+ Th1 and/or Th17 cells are immunopathogenic, mimics various clinical features of noninfectious uveitis in humans. The impact of bromodomain extraterminal (BET) inhibitors on Th17 cell function was studied in a mouse model of EAU in vivo and in mouse and human Th17 cells in vitro. Two BET inhibitors (GSK151 and JQ1) were able to ameliorate the progression of inflammation in EAU and in mouse CD4+ T cells in vitro, downregulating levels of Th17 cells. Additionally, the uveitogenic capacity of Th17 cells to transfer EAU was abrogated by BET inhibitors in an adoptive transfer model. In human CD4+ T cells, a 5-d exposure to BET inhibitors was accompanied by a significant downregulation of Th17-associated genes IL-17A, IL-22, and retinoic acid-related orphan receptor γt. However, in vitro, the inhibitors had no effect on already polarized Th17 cells. The key finding is that, in response to BET inhibitors, Th17-enriched cultures developed a regulatory phenotype, upregulated FOXP3 expression and IL-10 secretion, and lost pathogenicity in vivo. We conclude that BET targeting of Th17 cells is a potential therapeutic opportunity for a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Eskandarpour
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Alexander
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Adamson
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia L Calder
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, United Kingdom
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17
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Kim Y, Kim TW, Park YS, Jeong EM, Lee DS, Kim IG, Chung H, Hwang YI, Lee WJ, Yu HG, Kang JS. The Role of Interleukin-22 and Its Receptor in the Development and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154904. [PMID: 27166675 PMCID: PMC4864334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-22 is a pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine that is mainly produced by T cells and NK cells. Recent studies have reported the increased number of IL-22 producing T cells in patients with autoimmune noninfectious uveitis; however, the correlation between IL-22 and uveitis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the specific role of IL-22 and its receptor in the pathogenesis of uveitis. Serum concentration of IL-22 was significantly increased in uveitis patients. IL-22Rα was expressed in the retinal pigment epithelial cell line, ARPE-19. To examine the effect of IL-22, ARPE-19 was treated with recombinant IL-22. The proliferation of ARPE-19 and the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 from ARPE-19 were clearly elevated. IL-22 induced MCP-1 which facilitated the migration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, IL-22 increased the IL-22Rα expression in ARPE-19 through the activation of PI3K/Akt. Experimental animal models of uveitis induced by interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein 1-20 (IRBP1-20) exhibited elevation of hyperplasia RPE and IL-22 production. When CD4+ T cells from the uveitis patients were stimulated with IRBP1-20, the production of IL-22 definitely increased. In addition, we examine the regulatory role of cysteamine, which has an anti-inflammatory role in the cornea, in uveitis through the down-regulation of IL-22Rα expression. Cysteamine effectively suppressed the IRBP1-20-induced IL-22Rα expression and prevented the development of IRBP1-20-induced uveitis in the experimental animal model. These finding suggest that IL-22 and its receptor have a crucial role in the development and pathogenesis of uveitis by facilitating inflammatory cell infiltration, and that cysteamine may be a useful therapeutic drug in treating uveitis by down-regulating IL-22Rα expression in RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Rheumatology Institute and Research for Sensory Organs Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seong Park
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Man Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hum Chung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-il Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Gon Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Hsueh YH, Chang YN, Loh CE, Gershwin ME, Chuang YH. AAV-IL-22 modifies liver chemokine activity and ameliorates portal inflammation in murine autoimmune cholangitis. J Autoimmun 2016; 66:89-97. [PMID: 26537567 PMCID: PMC4718765 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There remain significant obstacles in developing biologics to treat primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Although a number of agents have been studied both in murine models and human patients, the results have been relatively disappointing. IL-22 is a member of the IL-10 family and has multiple theoretical reasons for predicting successful usage in PBC. We have taken advantage of an IL-22 expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV-IL-22) to address the potential role of IL-22 in not only protecting mice from autoimmune cholangitis, but also in treating animals with established portal inflammation. Using our established mouse model of 2-OA-OVA immunization, including α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) stimulation, we treated mice both before and after the onset of clinical disease with AAV-IL-22. Firstly, AAV-IL-22 treatment given prior to 2-OA-OVA and α-GalCer exposure, i.e. before the onset of disease, significantly reduces the portal inflammatory response, production of Th1 cytokines and appearance of liver fibrosis. It also reduced the liver lymphotropic chemokines CCL5, CCL19, CXCL9, and CXCL10. Secondly, and more importantly, therapeutic use of AAV-IL-22, administered after the onset of disease, achieved a greater hurdle and significantly improved portal pathology. Further the improvements in inflammation were negatively correlated with levels of CCL5 and CXCL10 and positively correlated with levels of IL-22. In conclusion, we submit that the clinical use of IL-22 has a potential role in modulating the inflammatory portal process in patients with PBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsin Hsueh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ning Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-En Loh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - M Eric Gershwin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ulusoy C, Zibandeh N, Yıldırım S, Trakas N, Zisimopoulou P, Küçükerden M, Tașlı H, Tzartos S, Göker K, Tüzün E, Akkoç T. Dental follicle mesenchymal stem cell administration ameliorates muscle weakness in MuSK-immunized mice. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:231. [PMID: 26646841 PMCID: PMC4673854 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0451-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody-mediated autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), mostly associated with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies. Around 5–10 % of MG patients show antibodies to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK). Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration has been shown to ameliorate muscle weakness in the experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) model induced by AChR immunization. Methods To investigate the efficacy of stem cell treatment in MuSK-related EAMG, clinical and immunological features of MuSK-immunized mice with or without dental follicle MSC (DFMSC) treatment were compared. Results MuSK-immunized mice intravenously treated with DFMSC after second and third immunizations showed significantly lower EAMG incidence and severity and reduced serum anti-MuSK antibody, NMJ IgG, and C3 deposit levels and CD11b+ lymph node cell ratios. Moreover, lymph node cells of DFMSC-administered mice showed reduced proliferation and IL-6 and IL-12 production responses to MuSK stimulation. By contrast, proportions of B and T cell populations and production of a wide variety of cytokines were not affected from DFMSC treatment. Conclusions Our results suggest that DFMSC treatment shows its beneficial effects mostly through suppression of innate immune system, whereas other immune functions appear to be preserved. Stem cell treatment might thus constitute a specific and effective treatment method in MuSK-associated MG. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-015-0451-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canan Ulusoy
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Noushin Zibandeh
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Yıldırım
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nikolaos Trakas
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Melike Küçükerden
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Tașlı
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Socrates Tzartos
- Department of Neurobiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Kamil Göker
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Marmara University Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdem Tüzün
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute for Experimental Medical Research (DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Capa, Turkey.
| | - Tunç Akkoç
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Murine pattern recognition receptor dectin-1 is essential in the development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Mol Immunol 2015. [PMID: 26216045 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacteria in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) are an essential component of immunization protocols in a number of autoimmune disease animal models including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and uveoretinitis (EAE and EAU, respectively). We determined the role in EAU of two C-type lectin receptors on myeloid cells that recognize and respond to mycobacteria. Using receptor-specific antibodies and knockout mice, we demonstrated for the first time that the macrophage mannose receptor delays disease development but does not affect severity. In contrast, dectin-1 is critically involved in the development of CFA-mediated EAU. Disease severity is reduced in dectin-1 knockout mice and antibody blockade of dectin-1 during the induction, but not the effector phase, prevents EAU development. Significantly, similar blockade of dectin-1 in vivo has no effect in non-CFA-mediated, spontaneously induced or adoptive transfer models of EAU. Thus dectin-1 plays a critical role in the ability of complete Freund's adjuvant to induce EAU in mice.
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21
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Sun D, Liang D, Kaplan HJ, Shao H. The role of Th17-associated cytokines in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Cytokine 2015; 74:76-80. [PMID: 25742774 PMCID: PMC4457592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The proinflammatory and pathogenic function of Th17 cells in autoimmune diseases have been established but the mechanism by which such cells cause disease remains to be determined. Inflammatory cytokines produced by Th17 cells may either promote or inhibit disease development. The major cytokines produced by the uveitogenic T cells, such as IL-17 and IL-22, are not always pathogenic, and the disease-inducing ability of pathogenic T cells is not immediately correlated to the amount of cytokine they produce. Future studies identifying factors causing increased Th17 responses and determining the types of cells that regulating Th17 autoreactive T cells should facilitate our effort of understanding Th17-mediated disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), 1355 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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22
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Harnett MM, Harnett W, Pineda MA. The parasitic worm product ES-62 up-regulates IL-22 production by γδ T cells in the murine model of Collagen-Induced Arthritis. INFLAMMATION AND CELL SIGNALING 2014; 1. [PMID: 26594650 DOI: 10.14800/ics.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ES-62 is a phosphorylcholine (PC)-containing glycoprotein secreted by the filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae that acts to modulate the host immune response to promote the establishment of chronic helminth infection. Reflecting its anti-inflammatory actions, we have previously reported that ES-62 protects mice from developing Collagen-Induced Arthritis (CIA): thus, as this helminth-derived product may exhibit therapeutic potential in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), it is important to understand the protective immunoregulatory mechanisms triggered by ES-62 in this model in vivo. We have established to date that ES-62 acts by downregulating pathogenic Th17/IL-17-mediated responses and upregulating the regulatory cytokine IL-10. In addition, our studies have identified that IL-22, another member of the IL-10 family of cytokines, exerts dual pathogenic and protective roles in this model of RA with ES-62 harnessing the cytokine's inflammation-resolving and tissue repair properties in the joint during the established phase of disease. Here, we discuss the counter-regulatory roles of IL-22 in the murine model of CIA and present additional novel data showing that ES-62 selectively induces γδ T cells with the capacity to induce IL-22 production and that γδ T cells with the capacity to produce IL-22, but not IL-17, induced during CIA can be identified by their expression of TLR4. Moreover, we also show that treatment of mice undergoing CIA with the active PC moiety of ES-62, in the form of PC conjugated to BSA, is not only sufficient to mimic the ES-62-dependent suppression of pathogenic IL-17 responses shown previously but also that of the IL-22 and IL-10 up-regulation observed with the parasitic worm product during CIA. These findings not only reinforce the potential of IL-22, firstly described as a Th17-related pro-inflammatory cytokine, as a protective factor in arthritis but also suggest that drugs based on the PC moiety found in ES-62 may be able to harness the joint-protecting activities of IL-22 therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Harnett
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA
| | - William Harnett
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR
| | - Miguel A Pineda
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA
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Yang X, Gao Y, Wang H, Zhao X, Gong X, Wang Q, Zhang X. Increased urinary interleukin 22 binding protein levels correlate with lupus nephritis activity. J Rheumatol 2014; 41:1793-800. [PMID: 25086075 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.131292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin 22 (IL-22) plays an important role in the promotion of antimicrobial immunity. However, dysregulated IL-22 action leads to inflammation and is involved in autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) is a soluble inhibitory IL-22 receptor and may represent a crucial regulator of IL-22. We investigated the expression and potential significance of serum and urinary IL-22BP levels in patients with SLE. METHODS A total of 112 patients with SLE and healthy control subjects participated in our study. Patients were classified according to kidney involvement and disease activity based on clinical and laboratory measures such as urinary sediment, proteinuria, kidney function, complement factor 3 (C3), C4, anti-dsDNA, disease activity index, and renal SLE disease activity index. The concentrations of IL-22BP and IL-22 were measured by ELISA. The expression of IL-22BP in the renal tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Patients with active renal disease had urinary levels of IL-22BP higher than (1) patients with active SLE but no renal involvement, (2) patients with a history of lupus nephritis in remission with no systemic disease activity and no history of renal involvement, and (3) control subjects. There was no difference in serum levels of IL-22BP among the groups. Urinary levels of IL-22BP in patients with active renal disease were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics renal activity score, and histological activity index. IL-22BP was highly expressed in renal tissue of patients with active renal disease. After 6 months of treatment, urinary IL-22BP levels decreased significantly in patients with complete response, but remained unchanged in those with partial or no response. CONCLUSION Urinary but not serum IL-22BP levels were associated with active renal disease. Urinary levels of IL-22BP might be a potential marker for the presence of renal involvement in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyan Yang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.X.Y. Yang, MD; Y. Gao, MD, Department of Rheumatology; H.Y. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; X.Y. Zhao, MD, Department of Hematology; X.B. Gong, MD, Laboratory of Bone Marrow, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Q.Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; X.F. Zhang, MD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Yin Gao
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.X.Y. Yang, MD; Y. Gao, MD, Department of Rheumatology; H.Y. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; X.Y. Zhao, MD, Department of Hematology; X.B. Gong, MD, Laboratory of Bone Marrow, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Q.Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; X.F. Zhang, MD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Huiying Wang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.X.Y. Yang, MD; Y. Gao, MD, Department of Rheumatology; H.Y. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; X.Y. Zhao, MD, Department of Hematology; X.B. Gong, MD, Laboratory of Bone Marrow, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Q.Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; X.F. Zhang, MD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.X.Y. Yang, MD; Y. Gao, MD, Department of Rheumatology; H.Y. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; X.Y. Zhao, MD, Department of Hematology; X.B. Gong, MD, Laboratory of Bone Marrow, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Q.Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; X.F. Zhang, MD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University.
| | - Xubo Gong
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.X.Y. Yang, MD; Y. Gao, MD, Department of Rheumatology; H.Y. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; X.Y. Zhao, MD, Department of Hematology; X.B. Gong, MD, Laboratory of Bone Marrow, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Q.Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; X.F. Zhang, MD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Qingqing Wang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.X.Y. Yang, MD; Y. Gao, MD, Department of Rheumatology; H.Y. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; X.Y. Zhao, MD, Department of Hematology; X.B. Gong, MD, Laboratory of Bone Marrow, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Q.Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; X.F. Zhang, MD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- From the Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, and Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.X.Y. Yang, MD; Y. Gao, MD, Department of Rheumatology; H.Y. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology; X.Y. Zhao, MD, Department of Hematology; X.B. Gong, MD, Laboratory of Bone Marrow, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Q.Q. Wang, MD, PhD, Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences; X.F. Zhang, MD, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University
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Zhang L, Zheng H, Shao H, Nian H, Zhang Y, Bai L, Su C, Liu X, Dong L, Li X, Zhang X. Long-term therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells compared to dexamethasone on recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis of rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:5561-71. [PMID: 25125599 PMCID: PMC4580152 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.14-14788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We tested the long-term effects of different regimens of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) administration in a recurrent experimental autoimmune uveitis (rEAU) model in rats, and compared the efficacy of MSC to that of dexamethasone (DEX). METHODS One or two courses of MSC treatments were applied to R16-specific T cell-induced rEAU rats before or after disease onsets. The DEX injections were given for 7 or 50 days continuously after disease onsets. Clinical appearances were observed until the 50th day after transfer. On the 10th day, T cells from control and MSC groups were analyzed by flow cytometry. Supernatants from the proliferation assay and aqueous humor were collected for cytokine detection. Functions of T cells and APCs in spleens also were studied by lymphocyte proliferation assays. RESULTS One course of MSC therapy, administered after disease onset, led to a lasting therapeutic effect, with a decreased incidence, reduced mean clinical score, and reduced retinal impairment after 50 days of observation, while multiple courses of treatment did not improve the therapeutic benefit. Although DEX and MSCs equally reduced the severity of the first episode of rEAU, the effect of DEX was shorter lasting, and DEX therapy failed to control the disease even with long periods of treatment. The MSCs significantly decreased T helper 1 (Th1) and Th17 responses, suppressed the function of antigen-presenting cells, and upregulated T regulatory cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that MSCs might be new corticosteroid spring agents, while providing fewer side effects and longer lasting suppressive effects for recurrent uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States
| | - Hong Nian
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingling Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Su
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Liu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute & School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, China
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The multiple sclerosis risk gene IL22RA2 contributes to a more severe murine autoimmune neuroinflammation. Genes Immun 2014; 15:457-65. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Justa S, Zhou X, Sarkar S. Endogenous IL-22 plays a dual role in arthritis: regulation of established arthritis via IFN-γ responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93279. [PMID: 24676270 PMCID: PMC3968131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IL-22 is elevated in patients with inflammatory arthritis and correlates with disease activity. IL-22 deficient mice have reduced incidence of arthritis. Recombinant IL-22 restrains progression of arthritis via increase in IL-10 responses when administered prior to onset of arthritis. These findings imply a possible dual role of IL-22 in inflammatory arthritis depending on the phase of arthritis. Experiments outlined here were designed to elucidate the contribution of endogenous IL-22 before and after the onset of arthritis. METHODS Collagen induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in DBA1 or IFN-γ deficient mice following immunization with collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant. Anti-IL-22 antibody or isotype control were administered prior to or after onset of arthritis and disease progression assessed by clinical scoring and histopathology. IL-22, IL-17 and IFN-γ responses were measured by ELISA and flowcytometry. Anti-collagen antibody responses were analyzed by ELISA. Expression of IL-22R1 in CD4+ cells was elucidated by flowcytometry and real time PCR. RESULTS Collagen specific IL-22 responses were expanded during arthritis and IL-22 producing cells were discrete from IL-17 or IFN-γ producing cells. Neutralization of IL-22 after onset of arthritis resulted in significant increase in Th1 responses and significantly reduced severity of arthritis. CD4+ cells from arthritic mice showed increased surface expression of IL-22R1. In vitro, CD4+T cells cultured with antigen presenting cells in the presence or absence of IL-22 suppressed or induced IFN-γ, respectively. The protective effect of anti-IL-22 was reversed in IFN-γ deficient mice. Moreover, administration of anti-IL-22 prior to onset of arthritis augmented arthritis severity. CONCLUSION We show for the first time that IL-22 plays a dual role: protective prior to the onset of arthritis and pathogenic after onset of arthritis. The pathogenic effect of IL-22 is dependent on suppression of IFN-γ responses. IL-17 responses remained unchanged with the administration of anti-IL22 antibody. IL-22R1 is upregulated on CD4+T cells during arthritis and regulates IFN-γ in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivali Justa
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqun Zhou
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Sujata Sarkar
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, and the Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Bhuyan ZA, Asanoma M, Iwata A, Ishifune C, Maekawa Y, Shimada M, Yasutomo K. Abrogation of Rbpj attenuates experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis by inhibiting IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89266. [PMID: 24586644 PMCID: PMC3938452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is an organ-specific T cell-mediated disease induced by immunizing mice with interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP). Autoaggressive CD4(+) T cells are the major pathogenic population for EAU. We investigated the contribution of Notch signaling in T cells to EAU pathogenesis because Notch signaling regulates various aspects of CD4(+) T cell functions. Rbpj is required for Notch signaling, and Rbpj deficiency in T cells inhibited EAU disease severity. The amelioration of EAU in T cell-specific Rbpj-deficient mice correlated with low levels of IL-22 production from CD4(+) T cells, although IRBP-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation and Th17 differentiation were unaffected. Administration of recombinant IL-22 during the late phase, but not the early phase, of EAU increased EAU clinical scores in T cell-specific Rbpj-deficient mice. Notch inhibition in mice immunized with IRBP with a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) suppressed EAU progression, even when GSI was administered as late as 13 days after IRBP immunization. Our data demonstrate that Rbpj/Notch-mediated IL-22 production in T cells has a key pathological role in the late phase of EAU, and suggest that Notch blockade might be a useful therapeutic approach for treating EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaied Ahmed Bhuyan
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Michihito Asanoma
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Iwata
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
- Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chieko Ishifune
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoichi Maekawa
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Digestive and Pediatric Surgery, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koji Yasutomo
- Department of Immunology & Parasitology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Qu N, Xu M, Mizoguchi I, Furusawa JI, Kaneko K, Watanabe K, Mizuguchi J, Itoh M, Kawakami Y, Yoshimoto T. Pivotal roles of T-helper 17-related cytokines, IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, in inflammatory diseases. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:968549. [PMID: 23956763 PMCID: PMC3728507 DOI: 10.1155/2013/968549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T-helper 17 (Th17) cells are characterized by producing interleukin-17 (IL-17, also called IL-17A), IL-17F, IL-21, and IL-22 and potentially TNF- α and IL-6 upon certain stimulation. IL-23, which promotes Th17 cell development, as well as IL-17 and IL-22 produced by the Th17 cells plays essential roles in various inflammatory diseases, such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, and Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the functional role of Th17 cells, with particular focus on the Th17 cell-related cytokines such as IL-17, IL-22, and IL-23, in mouse models and human inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Qu
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Mingli Xu
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Izuru Mizoguchi
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Furusawa
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kaneko
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Kazunori Watanabe
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
| | - Junichiro Mizuguchi
- Department of Immunology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Masahiro Itoh
- Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research School of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshimoto
- Department of Immunoregulation, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo160-8402, Japan
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Abstract
Uveitis is underappreciated as a sight-threatening cause of blindness. There are two broad causative classes of uveitis: infectious and non-infectious. Non-infectious uveitis is considered a prototypical autoimmune disorder based mainly on data from experimental models in the mouse. Several different experimental models exist that reflect the different types of uveitis in man (anterior, intermediate, and posterior uveitis). These models have demonstrated that uveitis is predominantly a Th1/Th17 mediated disease, although innate immune cells play a significant role both in induction of disease and in tissue damage. Most experimental models of uveitis rely on activation of the innate immune system by use of adjuvants that activate a range of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). This begs the question of the underlying role of initial and/or persistent infection, including latent infection, in immune-mediated uveitis in which active infection cannot be demonstrated. This further raises the possibility of pathogenic mechanisms such as antigenic cross-reactivity and molecular mimicry. Alternatively, residual/latent antigen from infectious agents may act as "endogenous" adjuvants for induction of immune reactions to damaged/altered self antigen, suggesting a commonality in pathogenesis for both infectious and non-infectious uveitis in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Forrester
- Ocular Immunology Laboratory, Section of Immunology and Infection, Division of Applied Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Scotland.
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Couturier M, Lamarthée B, Arbez J, Renauld JC, Bossard C, Malard F, Bonnefoy F, Mohty M, Perruche S, Tiberghien P, Saas P, Gaugler B. IL-22 deficiency in donor T cells attenuates murine acute graft-versus-host disease mortality while sparing the graft-versus-leukemia effect. Leukemia 2013; 27:1527-37. [PMID: 23399894 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), limiting the success of this therapy. Many proinflammatory cytokines secreted following the conditioning regimen have been linked to aGVHD initiation. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a cytokine related to IL-10 for its structure and is secreted by T helper type 17 (TH17) cells and innate immune cells. Given the paradoxical role of IL-22 in inflammation with both protective or proinflammatory functions, we investigated whether IL-22 could have a role in aGVHD pathophysiology in a mouse allo-HCT model. In this study, we show that IL-22 deficiency in donor T cells can decrease the severity of aGVHD, while limiting systemic and local inflammation in aGVHD target organs. In addition, we found that Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) were increased in recipient mice that received IL-22-deficient T cells, suggesting that Treg were involved in the reduced severity of GVHD. Finally, we found that the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect mediated by donor T cells was preserved in the absence of IL-22. Overall, these data suggest that targeting of IL-22 may represent a valid approach towards decreasing aGVHD severity after allo-HCT while preserving the GVL effect.
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Zheng S, Dou C, Xin N, Wang J, Wang J, Li P, Fu L, Shen X, Cui G, Dong R, Lu J, Zhang Y. Expression of interleukin-22 in myasthenia gravis. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:98-107. [PMID: 23617779 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-17 and IL-22 are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The roles of IL-22 in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis (MG) remain unsettled. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between serum IL-22, IL-17 levels, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody (anti-AChR Ab) titres and clinical parameters in patients with MG. The serum IL-22, IL-17 levels and anti-AChR Ab titres were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while the expression of IL-22 and IL-17 mRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy and MG subjects were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, PBMC from 12 patients with generalized MG were purified and treated with recombinant human IL-22 (rhIL-22), the IL-17 levels of supernatant were detected by ELISA. We found that the IL-17 levels were significantly increased, but IL-22 levels were significantly decreased in the serum of patients with MG compared with healthy controls. Consistantly, a significant decrease in IL-22 mRNA levels and an increase in IL-17 mRNA levels were detected in PBMC collected from patients with MG, compared with healthy controls. A negative correlation between IL-22 mRNA in PBMC, serum IL-22 and serum anti-AChR Ab levels was found in patients with MG. Moreover, in cultured MG PBMC treated with recombinant human IL-22 (rhIL-22), the IL-17 levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings indicated a possible role of IL-22 as a protective factor in MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Cordero-Coma M, Calleja S, Llorente M, Rodriguez E, Franco M, Ruiz de Morales JG. Serum cytokine profile in adalimumab-treated refractory uveitis patients: decreased IL-22 correlates with clinical responses. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 21:212-9. [PMID: 23617852 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2013.770888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the effect of adalimumab on serum cytokines in chronic refractory uveitis. METHODS Prospective study on the effects of adalimumab on serum cytokine levels at different time points in a cohort of 12 refractory chronic uveitis patients. Results were analyzed according to clinical outcomes and compared with systemic steroid-treated recurrent uveitis patients. RESULTS Before treatment, patients exhibited significantly increased IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, IL-12 p70, IL-10, and IL-22. Adalimumab significantly decreased IL-6, and IL-12p70 at early time points (after 1 month of treatment). Adalimumab effects on IL-10 and IL-22 appeared later (after 6 months of treatment). IL-1β, IL-17A, and TNFα were not modified at any time point. Only decreased IL-22 serum levels correlated with disease activity (p = 0.011). These effects were not observed in steroid-treated patients. CONCLUSIONS Adalimumab induced drug-specific and time-dependent declines in serum levels of particular cytokines, although only IL-22 correlated with disease activity in 10 out 12 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cordero-Coma
- Ophthalmology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de León, León, Spain
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Kedhar SR. Research in Uveitis and Ocular Inflammation, 2011 to 2012. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (PHILADELPHIA, PA.) 2013; 2:187-98. [PMID: 26108112 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0b013e3182950d58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to provide ophthalmologists with an update of recent research and developments in the areas of ocular immunology and uveitis. DESIGN This is a literature review. METHODS A 1-year search (July 1, 2011, to June 30, 2012) of the English language literature on PubMed was conducted using the search terms ocular immunology, ocular inflammation, uveitis, iritis, iridocyclitis, intermediate uveitis, posterior uveitis, panuveitis, pediatric uveitis, scleritis, choroiditis, retinitis, uveitic glaucoma, uveitic cataract, hypotony, immunomodulators, immunosuppressive therapy, corticosteroids, drug-induced uveitis, sarcoidosis, toxoplasmosis, tuberculosis, syphilis, herpes simplex virus, herpes zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, optical coherence tomography, mucous membrane pemphigoid, experimental autoimmune uveitis, and endotoxin-induced uveitis. Approximately 10% of articles studied were included in this article. RESULTS This review incorporates original articles encompassing new insights and updates to the field of uveitis and ocular immunology. Particular consideration was given to randomized, controlled clinical trials as well as analyses of larger cohorts; however, smaller studies and case reports involving new aspects of treatment/diagnosis or expanding the understanding of disease processes were also included. CONCLUSIONS Review of the literature reflected an improved understanding of uveitic disease and treatments, especially in the areas of immunomodulatory therapy, uveitic cystoid macular edema, toxoplasmosis, and sarcoidosis. Results from the Systemic Immunosuppressive Therapy for Eye Diseases Study and the Multicenter Uveitis Steroid Treatment trial, especially, yielded useful information in a number of areas. By its nature, this review cannot be all inclusive but is meant to focus on the literature and results most relevant to ophthalmologists in practice.
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Sarkar S, Zhou X, Justa S, Bommireddy SR. Interleukin-22 reduces the severity of collagen-induced arthritis in association with increased levels of interleukin-10. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2013; 65:960-71. [PMID: 23334981 PMCID: PMC3618496 DOI: 10.1002/art.37849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of action of interleukin- 22 (IL-22) in inflammatory arthritis remains unknown. IL-22-deficient mice exhibit an intact humoral and cellular immune response to collagen and yet have a reduced incidence of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Further, administration of anti-IL-22 does not reduce the severity of clinical arthritis but rather improves only certain aspects of joint inflammation as assessed histologically. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action and role of systemic IL-22 in modulating target organ inflammation. METHODS CIA was induced in DBA mice by immunization with collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant. Expression of IL-22 and its receptor (IL-22R) in lymphoid organ and target tissues was determined during various phases of arthritis. The effector functions of IL-22 on induction/regulation of various cytokines in in vitro restimulation cultures were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recombinant IL-22 with or without anti-IL-10 antibody was administered to mice following immunization with collagen and prior to the onset of arthritis, and the severity of arthritis was evaluated by clinical scoring and histopathologic assessment. Anticollagen antibodies in mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS IL-22 and IL-22R were up-regulated in lymphoid organs and joints during the course of arthritis. IL-22 augmented IL-10, IL-17, and IL-6 in lymphoid tissues in vitro. Administration of recombinant IL-22 was associated with an increase in IL-10 levels in vivo and a significant reduction in the progression of arthritis severity. Anti-IL-10 antibody treatment was associated with the abrogation of this protective effect of IL-22. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that IL-22 has a protective role in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Sarkar
- Department of Medicine, Arizona Arthritis Center, University of Arizona, 1501 North Campbell Avenue, AHSC Rm 6309, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Cai T, Wang Q, Zhou Q, Wang C, Hou S, Qi J, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Increased expression of IL-22 is associated with disease activity in Behcet's disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59009. [PMID: 23527071 PMCID: PMC3602549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin (IL)-22 has been reported to be involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. This study aimed to analyze the expression and potential role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of Behcet's disease (BD). METHODS The levels of IL-22 in patient sera or supernatants of cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4(+)T cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the frequency of IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells. IL-22 mRNA from erythema nodosum skin lesions was examined using real time quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS BD patients with active uveitis showed a significantly higher expression of IL-22 in the supernatants of stimulated PBMCs and CD4(+)T cells compared with BD patients without active uveitis and normal controls. An increased frequency of IL-22-producing CD4(+)T cells was also found in BD patients with active uveitis. IL-22 mRNA expression was elevated in erythema nodosum skin lesions. In BD patients, a high IL-22 level in the supernatant of stimulated PBMCs correlated with the presence of retinal vasculitis and erythema nodosum. CONCLUSIONS IL-22 was associated with disease activity in BD and correlated with the presence of small vessel inflammation, suggesting that it may be involved in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Chaokui Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jian Qi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing, P.R. China
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) has important functions in host defense at mucosal surfaces as well as in tissue repair. It is unique as a cytokine that is produced by immune cells, including T-helper (Th) cell subsets and innate lymphocytes, but acts only on non-hematopoietic stromal cells, in particular epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and hepatocytes. Although IL-22 is beneficial to the host in many infectious and inflammatory disorders, depending on the target tissue it can be pathogenic due to its inherent pro-inflammatory properties, which are further enhanced when IL-22 is released together with other pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-17. To avoid pathology, IL-22 and IL-17 production have to be controlled tightly and independently. While common factors such as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and retinoid orphan receptor γt (RORγt) drive the expression of both cytokines, other factors, such as c-Maf act specifically on IL-22 and enable the separate expression of either cytokine. Here, we discuss the production of IL-22 from various T-cell populations as well as protective versus pathogenic roles of IL-22. Finally, we focus on recent advances in our understanding of the molecular regulation of IL-22 in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Rutz
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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Gardner PJ, Joshi L, Lee RWJ, Dick AD, Adamson P, Calder VL. SIRT1 activation protects against autoimmune T cell-driven retinal disease in mice via inhibition of IL-2/Stat5 signaling. J Autoimmun 2013; 42:117-29. [PMID: 23395551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins are a mammalian family of NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylases that regulate cell function and survival as well as regulating cell responses under inflammatory conditions. SIRT1 activator treatment in vitro using mouse pLN cells, normal human and ocular Behçet's disease donor PBMC resulted in suppressed T cell proliferation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Our data suggest a novel mechanism by which SIRT1 activators contribute to suppression of T cell proliferation by both down regulating STAT5A/B expression and suppression of pSTAT5A/B signaling in response to IL-2. Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in B10.RIII mice is an antigen-specific cell-mediated model of human intra-ocular inflammatory disease. Infiltrating CD4(+) T cells in the retina secrete both IFN-γ and IL-17 and are accompanied by inflammatory granulocytes and macrophages which together result in retinal destruction. Oral SIRT1 activator treatment administered to EAU mice suppressed disease with an accompanying reduction in retinal leukocytic infiltrate, suppressed antigen-specific T cell responses and marked suppression of innate and adaptive pro-inflammatory cytokine production in the eye including IL-6, IL-17A and IFN-γ. In vivo SIRT1 activator treatment also suppressed production of IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-6, TGFβ and IL-22 by pLN cells. Oral SIRT1 activator treatment administered to mice during the efferent phase (days7-14) of EAU was effective at suppressing disease. These observations demonstrate that SIRT1 activation is anti-inflammatory in nature and future targeted activation of SIRT1 shows promise as a potential treatment for non-infectious intra-ocular disorders such as uveitis associated with Behçets disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gardner
- Department of Genetics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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Pan HF, Li XP, Zheng SG, Ye DQ. Emerging role of interleukin-22 in autoimmune diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2013; 24:51-7. [PMID: 22906768 PMCID: PMC4003867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is an IL-10 family cytokine member that was recently discovered to be mainly produced by Th17 cells. Previous studies have indicated the importance of IL-22 in host defense against Gram-negative bacterial organisms (in gut and lung). Recently, there is emerging evidence that IL-22 is involved in the development and pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and psoriasis. Therapeutics targeting IL-22 therefore may have promise for treating various autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the recent progression of the involvement of IL-22 in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, as well as its clinical implications and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui provincial laboratory of population health & major disease screening and diagnosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiang-Pei Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology/Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Anhui provincial laboratory of population health & major disease screening and diagnosis, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Abstract
An interleukin (IL)-10 family cytokine, IL-22 is characterized by several unique biological properties, including 1) the target restricted to innate cells; 2) the distinct expression pattern between large and small intestines; 3) alteration of the cellular source depending on several factors; 4) the dual abilities to serve as protective versus proinflammatory mediators in inflammatory responses; and 5) the close association with some major inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) susceptibility genes. The major functions of IL-22 in the intestine are the stimulation of epithelial cells to produce a wide variety of antibacterial proteins, the reinforcement of mucus barrier through stimulation of mucin 1 production under intestinal inflammatory conditions, and the enhancement of epithelial regeneration with goblet cell restitution. Through these beneficial functions, IL-22 contributes to the improvement of some types of experimental chronic colitis, which are mediated by T helper (Th)1 or Th2 responses. Most important, studies using both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches have clearly demonstrated the ability of IL-22 to promote intestinal wound healing from acute intestinal injury. These findings highlight IL-22 as an attractive and promising target for future IBD therapy. Alternatively, the enormous progress in the field of IL-22 biology has also suggested more complicated mechanisms with the IL-22 pathway than previously predicted. This review article briefly summarizes previous and current knowledge on IL-22 particularly associated with intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Mizoguchi
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
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Sauer A, Pfaff AW, Villard O, Creuzot-Garcher C, Dalle F, Chiquet C, Pelloux H, Speeg-Schatz C, Gaucher D, Prevost G, Bourcier T, Candolfi E. Interleukin 17A as an Effective Target for Anti-inflammatory and Antiparasitic Treatment of Toxoplasmic Uveitis. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1319-29. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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