1
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Gogoleva VS, Drutskaya MS, Vorontsov AI, Atretkhany KSN, Belogurov AA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Lymphotoxins from distinct types of lymphoid cells differentially contribute to neuroinflammation. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2350977. [PMID: 39210647 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin α and lymphotoxin β (LTs), TNF superfamily members, are expressed in either soluble (LTα3) or membrane-bound (LTα1β2 or LTα2β1) forms. In the pathological context, LT-mediated signaling is known to exacerbate autoimmunity by perpetuating inflammation and promoting the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs. Despite this understanding, the exact roles of LTα and LTβ in the pathogenesis of the murine model of multiple sclerosis, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), remain controversial. Here, we employed a panel of gene-modified mice with cell-type restricted ablation of LTα (targeting both membrane-bound and soluble forms of LTs) to unravel the contributions of LTs from various lymphoid cells, namely T cells, type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) and B cells, in EAE. We found that the effects of LTα deletion were dependent on the cellular source. ILC3-derived lymphotoxins exerted a protective role in EAE by regulating the accumulation of IFN-ɣ- and GM-CSF-producing TH cells in the CNS. In contrast, T-cell-derived lymphotoxins promoted IL-17A- and GM-CSF-mediated TH responses in the periphery, whereas B-cell-derived lymphotoxins were pathogenic only in the autoantibody-mediated EAE model. Collectively, our findings unveil the multifaceted involvement of lymphotoxins in EAE pathogenesis and challenge the view that lymphotoxins play a solely pathogenic role in neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violetta S Gogoleva
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Krasnodarsky Krai, 354349, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexander I Vorontsov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Kamar-Sulu N Atretkhany
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey A Belogurov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- AG Chronic Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Immunity, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Division of Immunobiology and Biomedicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sirius, Krasnodarsky Krai, 354349, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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2
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Yasmeen F, Pirzada RH, Ahmad B, Choi B, Choi S. Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors, and Cytokine Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7666. [PMID: 39062908 PMCID: PMC11277571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity refers to an organism's immune response against its own healthy cells, tissues, or components, potentially leading to irreversible damage to vital organs. Central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms play crucial roles in preventing autoimmunity by eliminating self-reactive T and B cells. The disruption of immunological tolerance, characterized by the failure of these mechanisms, results in the aberrant activation of autoreactive lymphocytes that target self-tissues, culminating in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and immunoregulatory disturbances synergistically contribute to the susceptibility and initiation of autoimmune pathologies. Within the realm of immune therapies for autoimmune diseases, cytokine therapies have emerged as a specialized strategy, targeting cytokine-mediated regulatory pathways to rectify immunological imbalances. Proinflammatory cytokines are key players in inducing and propagating autoimmune inflammation, highlighting the potential of cytokine therapies in managing autoimmune conditions. This review discusses the etiology of autoimmune diseases, current therapeutic approaches, and prospects for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Yasmeen
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Rameez Hassan Pirzada
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogeum Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
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3
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Fitzsimons S, Muñoz-San Martín M, Nally F, Dillon E, Fashina IA, Strowitzki MJ, Ramió-Torrentà L, Dowling JK, De Santi C, McCoy CE. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory signaling in human primary macrophages by enhancing arginase-2 via target site blockers. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 33:941-959. [PMID: 37701067 PMCID: PMC10494319 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of macrophage phenotype from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state holds therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory disease. We have previously shown that arginase-2 (Arg2), a mitochondrial enzyme, is a key regulator of the macrophage anti-inflammatory response. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of Arg2 enhancement via target site blockers (TSBs) in human macrophages. TSBs are locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides that were specifically designed to protect specific microRNA recognition elements (MREs) in human ARG2 3' UTR mRNA. TSBs targeting miR-155 (TSB-155) and miR-3202 (TSB-3202) MREs increased ARG2 expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. This resulted in decreased gene expression and cytokine production of TNF-α and CCL2 and, for TSB-3202, in an increase in the anti-inflammatory macrophage marker, CD206. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that a network of pro-inflammatory responsive proteins was modulated by TSBs. In silico bioinformatic analysis predicted that TSB-3202 suppressed upstream pro-inflammatory regulators including STAT-1 while enhancing anti-inflammatory associated proteins. Proteomic data were validated by confirming increased levels of sequestosome-1 and decreased levels of phosphorylated STAT-1 and STAT-1 upon TSB treatment. In conclusion, upregulation of Arg2 by TSBs inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling and is a promising novel therapeutic strategy to modulate inflammatory signaling in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Fitzsimons
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - María Muñoz-San Martín
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Frances Nally
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Eugene Dillon
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ifeolutembi A. Fashina
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Moritz J. Strowitzki
- Department of General, Visceral & Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lluís Ramió-Torrentà
- Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya, Salt, Girona, Spain
| | - Jennifer K. Dowling
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Chiara De Santi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Claire E. McCoy
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- FutureNeuro, SFI Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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4
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Skartsis N, Ferreira LMR, Tang Q. The dichotomous outcomes of TNFα signaling in CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1042622. [PMID: 36466853 PMCID: PMC9708889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1042622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
TNFa blocking agents were the first-in-class biologic drugs used for the treatment of autoimmune disease. Paradoxically, however, exacerbation of autoimmunity was observed in some patients. TNFa is a pleiotropic cytokine that has both proinflammatory and regulatory effects on CD4+ T cells and can influence the adaptive immune response against autoantigens. Here, we critically appraise the literature and discuss the intricacies of TNFa signaling that may explain the controversial findings of previous studies. The pleiotropism of TNFa is based in part on the existence of two biologically active forms of TNFa, soluble and membrane-bound, with different affinities for two distinct TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2, leading to activation of diverse downstream molecular pathways involved in cell fate decisions and immune function. Distinct membrane expression patterns of TNF receptors by CD4+ T cell subsets and their preferential binding of distinct forms of TNFα produced by a diverse pool of cellular sources during different stages of an immune response are important determinants of the differential outcomes of TNFa-TNF receptor signaling. Targeted manipulation of TNFa-TNF receptor signaling on select CD4+ T cell subsets may offer specific therapeutic interventions to dampen inflammation while fortifying immune regulation for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Skartsis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Mayo Clinic William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Leonardo M. R. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Gladstone University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Institute of Genome Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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5
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Hesperetin, a Citrus Flavonoid, Ameliorates Inflammatory Cytokine-Mediated Inhibition of Oligodendroglial Cell Morphological Differentiation. Neurol Int 2022; 14:471-487. [PMID: 35736620 PMCID: PMC9230394 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (oligodendroglial cells) are glial cells that wrap neuronal axons with their differentiated plasma membranes called myelin membranes. In the pathogenesis of inflammatory cytokine-related oligodendroglial cell and myelin diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), typical inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are thought to contribute to the degeneration and/or progression of the degeneration of oligodendroglial cells and, in turn, the degeneration of naked neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS) tissues. Despite the known involvement of these inflammatory cytokines in disease progression, it has remained unclear whether and how TNFα or IL-6 affects the oligodendroglial cells themselves or indirectly. Here we show that TNFα or IL-6 directly inhibits morphological differentiation in FBD-102b cells, which are differentiation models of oligodendroglial cells. Their phenotype changes were supported by the decreased expression levels of oligodendroglial cell differentiation and myelin marker proteins. In addition, TNFα or IL-6 decreased phosphorylation levels of Akt kinase, whose upregulation has been associated with promoting oligodendroglial cell differentiation. Hesperetin, a flavonoid mainly contained in citrus fruit, is known to have neuroprotective effects. Hesperetin might also be able to resolve pre-illness conditions, including the irregulated secretion of cytokines, through diet. Notably, the addition of hesperetin into cells recovered TNFα- or IL-6-induced inhibition of differentiation, as supported by increased levels of marker protein expression and phosphorylation of Akt kinase. These results suggest that TNFα or IL-6 itself contributes to the inhibitory effects on the morphological differentiation of oligodendroglial cells, possibly providing information not only on their underlying pathological effects but also on flavonoids with potential therapeutic effects at the molecular and cellular levels.
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6
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Ninnemann J, Winsauer C, Bondareva M, Kühl AA, Lozza L, Durek P, Lissner D, Siegmund B, Kaufmann SHE, Mashreghi MF, Nedospasov SA, Kruglov AA. TNF hampers intestinal tissue repair in colitis by restricting IL-22 bioavailability. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:698-716. [PMID: 35383266 PMCID: PMC9259490 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases integrates both the cessation of inflammation and the induction of adequate tissue repair processes. Strikingly, targeting a single proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), induces both processes in a relevant cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal repair following TNF blockade during IBD remain elusive. Using a novel humanized model of experimental colitis, we demonstrate that TNF interfered with the tissue repair program via induction of a soluble natural antagonist of IL-22 (IL-22Ra2; IL-22BP) in the colon and abrogated IL-22/STAT3-mediated mucosal repair during colitis. Furthermore, membrane-bound TNF expressed by T cells perpetuated colonic inflammation, while soluble TNF produced by epithelial cells (IECs) induced IL-22BP expression in colonic dendritic cells (DCs) and dampened IL-22-driven restitution of colonic epithelial functions. Finally, TNF induced IL-22BP expression in human monocyte-derived DCs and levels of IL22-BP correlated with TNF in sera of IBD patients. Thus, our data can explain how anti-TNF therapy induces mucosal healing by increasing IL-22 availability and implicates new therapeutic opportunities for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Ninnemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Winsauer
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Bondareva
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anja A Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin, Core Unit of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donata Lissner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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7
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Bai J, Ding B, Li H. Targeting TNFR2 in Cancer: All Roads Lead to Rome. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844931. [PMID: 35251045 PMCID: PMC8891135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) has become one of the best potential immune checkpoints that might be targeted, mainly because of its vital role in tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Overexpression of TNFR2 in some tumor cells and essential function in immunosuppressive cells, especially regulatory T cells (Tregs), makes blocking TNFR2 an excellent strategy in cancer treatment; however, there is evidence showing that activating TNFR2 can also inhibit tumor progression in vivo. In this review, we will discuss drugs that block and activate TNFR2 under clinical trials or preclinical developments up till now. Meanwhile, we summarize and explore the possible mechanisms related to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Breast Oncoplastic Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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8
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Jung SM, Kim WU. Targeted Immunotherapy for Autoimmune Disease. Immune Netw 2022; 22:e9. [PMID: 35291650 PMCID: PMC8901705 DOI: 10.4110/in.2022.22.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, biological drugs and small molecule inhibitors targeting inflammatory cytokines, immune cells, and intracellular kinases have become the standard-of-care to treat autoimmune diseases. Inhibition of TNF, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 has revolutionized the treatment of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriasis. B cell depletion therapy using anti-CD20 mAbs has shown promising results in patients with neuroinflammatory diseases, and inhibition of B cell survival factors is approved for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Targeting co-stimulatory molecules expressed on Ag-presenting cells and T cells is also expected to have therapeutic potential in autoimmune diseases by modulating T cell function. Recently, small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting the JAK family, which is responsible for signal transduction from multiple receptors, have garnered great interest in the field of autoimmune and hematologic diseases. However, there are still unmet medical needs in terms of therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles. Emerging therapies aim to induce immune tolerance without compromising immune function, using advanced molecular engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Wan-Uk Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
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9
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Neurological Complications of Biological Treatment of Psoriasis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010118. [PMID: 35054511 PMCID: PMC8777957 DOI: 10.3390/life12010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the available literature, little attention has been paid to the assessment of psoriasis and the biological therapy used for it and the nervous system. The purpose of this article is to discuss the relationship between psoriasis and the nervous system as well as to analyze the mechanisms that lead to neurological complications during anticytokine therapies in psoriasis. However, this connection requires further analysis. The use of biological drugs in psoriasis, although it yields positive therapeutic results, is not without numerous side effects. Serious neurological side effects of the therapy are most often visible with the use of anti-TNF-alpha, which is why patients should be monitored for their potential occurrence. Early detection of complications and rapid discontinuation of treatment with the drug may potentially increase the patient’s chances of a full recovery or improvement of his/her neurological condition. It also seems reasonable that, in the case of complications occurring during anti-TNF-alpha therapy, some of the drugs from other groups should be included in the therapy.
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10
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Zhai Z, Yang F, Xu W, Han J, Luo G, Li Y, Zhuang J, Jie H, Li X, Shi X, Han X, Luo X, Song R, Chen Y, Liang J, Wu S, He Y, Sun E. Attenuation of rheumatoid arthritis through the inhibition of caspase3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis induced by TNF-α. Arthritis Rheumatol 2021; 74:427-440. [PMID: 34480835 PMCID: PMC9305212 DOI: 10.1002/art.41963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the role of gasdermin E (GSDME)–mediated pyroptosis in the pathogenesis and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to explore the potential of GSDME as a therapeutic target in RA. Methods The expression and activation of caspase 3 and GSDME in the synovium, macrophages, and monocytes of RA patients were determined by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blot analysis. The correlation of activated GSDME with RA disease activity was evaluated. The pyroptotic ability of monocytes from RA patients was tested, and the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on caspase 3/GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis of monocytes and macrophages was investigated. In addition, collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was induced in mice lacking Gsdme, and the incidence and severity of arthritis were assessed. Results Compared to cells from healthy controls, monocytes and synovial macrophages from RA patients showed increased expression of activated caspase 3, GSDME, and the N‐terminal fragment of GSDME (GSDME‐N). The expression of GSDME‐N in monocytes from RA patients correlated positively with disease activity. Monocytes from RA patients with higher GSDME levels were more susceptible to pyroptosis. Furthermore, TNF induced pyroptosis in monocytes and macrophages by activating the caspase 3/GSDME pathway. The use of a caspase 3 inhibitor and silencing of GSDME significantly blocked TNF‐induced pyroptosis. Gsdme deficiency effectively alleviated arthritis in a mouse model of CIA. Conclusion These results support the notion of a pathogenic role of GSDME in RA and provide an alternative mechanism for RA pathogenesis involving TNF, which activates GSDME‐mediated pyroptosis of monocytes and macrophages in RA. In addition, targeting GSDME might be a potential therapeutic approach for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Zhai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenchao Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaochan Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihu Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Shi
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinai Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shufan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Center for Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Ghilardi N, Pappu R, Arron JR, Chan AC. 30 Years of Biotherapeutics Development-What Have We Learned? Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 38:249-287. [PMID: 32340579 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101619-031510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Since the birth of biotechnology, hundreds of biotherapeutics have been developed and approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for human use. These novel medicines not only bring significant benefit to patients but also represent precision tools to interrogate human disease biology. Accordingly, much has been learned from the successes and failures of hundreds of high-quality clinical trials. In this review, we discuss general and broadly applicable themes that have emerged from this collective experience. We base our discussion on insights gained from exploring some of the most important target classes, including interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-12/23, IL-17, IL-4/13, IL-5, immunoglobulin E (IgE), integrins and B cells. We also describe current challenges and speculate about how emerging technological capabilities may enable the discovery and development of the next generation of biotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ghilardi
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Rajita Pappu
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Joseph R Arron
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA; , ,
| | - Andrew C Chan
- Research-Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA;
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12
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Insights into the biology and therapeutic implications of TNF and regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:487-504. [PMID: 34226727 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments that block tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have major beneficial effects in several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, some patients do not respond to TNF inhibitor treatment and rare occurrences of paradoxical disease exacerbation have been reported. These limitations on the clinical efficacy of TNF inhibitors can be explained by the differences between TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 signalling and by the diverse effects of TNF on multiple immune cells, including FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. This basic knowledge sheds light on the consequences of TNF inhibitor therapies on regulatory T cells in treated patients and on the limitations of such treatment in the control of diseases with an autoimmune component. Accordingly, the next generation of drugs targeting TNF is likely to be based on agents that selectively block the binding of TNF to TNFR1 and on TNFR2 agonists. These approaches could improve the treatment of rheumatic diseases in the future.
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13
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Rasouli J, Casella G, Ishikawa LLW, Thome R, Boehm A, Ertel A, Melo-Silva CR, Mari ER, Porazzi P, Zhang W, Xiao D, Sigal LJ, Fortina P, Zhang GX, Rostami A, Ciric B. IFN-β Acts on Monocytes to Ameliorate CNS Autoimmunity by Inhibiting Proinflammatory Cross-Talk Between Monocytes and Th Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:679498. [PMID: 34149716 PMCID: PMC8213026 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.679498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IFN-β has been the treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) for almost three decades, but understanding the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remains incomplete. We have shown that MS patients have increased numbers of GM-CSF+ Th cells in circulation, and that IFN-β therapy reduces their numbers. GM-CSF expression by myelin-specific Th cells is essential for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. These findings suggested that IFN-β therapy may function via suppression of GM-CSF production by Th cells. In the current study, we elucidated a feedback loop between monocytes and Th cells that amplifies autoimmune neuroinflammation, and found that IFN-β therapy ameliorates central nervous system (CNS) autoimmunity by inhibiting this proinflammatory loop. IFN-β suppressed GM-CSF production in Th cells indirectly by acting on monocytes, and IFN-β signaling in monocytes was required for EAE suppression. IFN-β increased IL-10 expression by monocytes, and IL-10 was required for the suppressive effects of IFN-β. IFN-β treatment suppressed IL-1β expression by monocytes in the CNS of mice with EAE. GM-CSF from Th cells induced IL-1β production by monocytes, and, in a positive feedback loop, IL-1β augmented GM-CSF production by Th cells. In addition to GM-CSF, TNF and FASL expression by Th cells was also necessary for IL-1β production by monocyte. IFN-β inhibited GM-CSF, TNF, and FASL expression by Th cells to suppress IL-1β secretion by monocytes. Overall, our study describes a positive feedback loop involving several Th cell- and monocyte-derived molecules, and IFN-β actions on monocytes disrupting this proinflammatory loop.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- Cell Communication/genetics
- Cell Communication/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Interferon-beta/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Monocytes/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Giacomo Casella
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Rodolfo Thome
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alexandra Boehm
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam Ertel
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Carolina R. Melo-Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elisabeth R. Mari
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrizia Porazzi
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dan Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luis J. Sigal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translation and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abdolmohamad Rostami
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Hopkins EGD, Frankel G. Overview of the Effect of Citrobacter rodentium Infection on Host Metabolism and the Microbiota. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2291:399-418. [PMID: 33704766 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1339-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium is a natural enteric mouse pathogen that models human intestinal diseases, such as pathogenic E. coli infections, ulcerative colitis, and colon cancer. Upon reaching the monolayer of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) lining the gut, a complex web of interactions between the host, the pathogen, and the microbiota ensues. A number of studies revealed surprisingly rapid changes in IEC bioenergetics upon infection, involving a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, leading to mucosal oxygenation and subsequent changes in microbiota composition. Microbiome studies have revealed a bloom in Enterobacteriaceae during C. rodentium infection in both resistant (i.e., C57BL/6) and susceptible (i.e., C3H/HeN) strains of mice concomitant with a depletion of butyrate-producing Clostridia. The emerging understanding that dysbiosis of cholesterol metabolism is induced by enteric infection further confirms the pivotal role immunometabolism plays in disease outcome. Inversely, the host and microbiota also impact upon the progression of infection, from the susceptibility of the distal colon to C. rodentium colonization to clearance of the pathogen, both via opsonization from the host adaptive immune system and out competition by the resident microbiota. Further complicating this compendium of interactions, C. rodentium exploits microbiota metabolites to fine-tune virulence gene expression and promote colonization. This chapter summarizes the current knowledge of the myriad of pathogen-host-microbiota interactions that occur during the progression of C. rodentium infection in mice and the broader implications of these findings on our understanding of enteric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve G D Hopkins
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gad Frankel
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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15
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Fresegna D, Bullitta S, Musella A, Rizzo FR, De Vito F, Guadalupi L, Caioli S, Balletta S, Sanna K, Dolcetti E, Vanni V, Bruno A, Buttari F, Stampanoni Bassi M, Mandolesi G, Centonze D, Gentile A. Re-Examining the Role of TNF in MS Pathogenesis and Therapy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102290. [PMID: 33066433 PMCID: PMC7602209 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder of putative autoimmune origin. Clinical and experimental studies delineate abnormal expression of specific cytokines over the course of the disease. One major cytokine that has been shown to play a pivotal role in MS is tumor necrosis factor (TNF). TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating many physiological and pathological functions of both the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS). Convincing evidence from studies in human and experimental MS have demonstrated the involvement of TNF in various pathological hallmarks of MS, including immune dysregulation, demyelination, synaptopathy and neuroinflammation. However, due to the complexity of TNF signaling, which includes two-ligands (soluble and transmembrane TNF) and two receptors, namely TNF receptor type-1 (TNFR1) and type-2 (TNFR2), and due to its cell- and context-differential expression, targeting the TNF system in MS is an ongoing challenge. This review summarizes the evidence on the pathophysiological role of TNF in MS and in different MS animal models, with a special focus on pharmacological treatment aimed at controlling the dysregulated TNF signaling in this neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fresegna
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Silvia Bullitta
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Musella
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, 00166 Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Rizzo
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Francesca De Vito
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.D.V.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Livia Guadalupi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Silvia Caioli
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.D.V.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Sara Balletta
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Krizia Sanna
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Ettore Dolcetti
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Valentina Vanni
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Bruno
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
| | - Fabio Buttari
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.D.V.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Mario Stampanoni Bassi
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.D.V.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.S.B.)
| | - Georgia Mandolesi
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, University of Rome San Raffaele, 00166 Roma, Italy
| | - Diego Centonze
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy; (F.R.R.); (S.B.); (K.S.); (E.D.); (A.B.)
- Unit of Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (Is), 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.D.V.); (S.C.); (F.B.); (M.S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-6010; Fax: +39-06-7259-6006
| | - Antonietta Gentile
- Synaptic Immunopathology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (D.F.); (S.B.); (A.M.); (L.G.); (V.V.); (G.M.); (A.G.)
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16
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Kruglov A, Drutskaya M, Schlienz D, Gorshkova E, Kurz K, Morawietz L, Nedospasov S. Contrasting contributions of TNF from distinct cellular sources in arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:1453-1459. [PMID: 32796044 PMCID: PMC7569389 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Neutralisation of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is widely used as a therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, this therapy is only effective in less than a half of patients and is associated with several side effects. We hypothesised that TNF may possess non-redundant protective and immunomodulatory functions in vivo that cannot be blocked without a cost. The present work aimed to identify cellular sources of protective and pathogenic TNF, and its molecular forms during autoimmune arthritis. Methods Mice lacking TNF expression by distinct cell types, such as myeloid cells and T or B lymphocytes, were subjected to collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Mice lacking soluble TNF production were also employed. The severity and incidence of the disease, as well as humoral and cellular responses were assessed. Results Myeloid cell-derived TNF contributes to both induction and pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Conversely, T cell-derived TNF is protective during the induction phase of arthritis via limiting of interleukin-12 production by dendritic cells and by subsequent control of autoreactive memory T cell development, but is dispensable during the effector phase of arthritis. B cell-derived TNF mediates severity of CIA via control of pathogenic autoantibody production. Conclusions Distinct TNF-producing cell types may modulate disease development through different mechanisms, suggesting that in arthritis TNF ablation from restricted cellular sources, such as myeloid cells, while preserving protective TNF functions from other cell types may be superior to pan-anti-TNF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Kruglov
- Chronic inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany .,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina Drutskaya
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dirk Schlienz
- Chronic inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Gorshkova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Chronic inflammation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Morawietz
- Institute of Pathology, Medizinischen Versorgungszentrum im Fürstenberg-Karree Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei Nedospasov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation .,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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17
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Weinelt N, Karathanasis C, Smith S, Medler J, Malkusch S, Fulda S, Wajant H, Heilemann M, van Wijk SJL. Quantitative single-molecule imaging of TNFR1 reveals zafirlukast as antagonist of TNFR1 clustering and TNFα-induced NF-ĸB signaling. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:363-371. [PMID: 32401398 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ab0420-572rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFR1 is a crucial regulator of NF-ĸB-mediated proinflammatory cell survival responses and programmed cell death (PCD). Deregulation of TNFα- and TNFR1-controlled NF-ĸB signaling underlies major diseases, like cancer, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, although being routinely used, antagonists of TNFα might also affect TNFR2-mediated processes, so that alternative approaches to directly antagonize TNFR1 are beneficial. Here, we apply quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) of TNFR1 in physiologic cellular settings to validate and characterize TNFR1 inhibitory substances, exemplified by the recently described TNFR1 antagonist zafirlukast. Treatment of TNFR1-mEos2 reconstituted TNFR1/2 knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with zafirlukast inhibited both ligand-independent preligand assembly domain (PLAD)-mediated TNFR1 dimerization as well as TNFα-induced TNFR1 oligomerization. In addition, zafirlukast-mediated inhibition of TNFR1 clustering was accompanied by deregulation of acute and prolonged NF-ĸB signaling in reconstituted TNFR1-mEos2 MEFs and human cervical carcinoma cells. These findings reveal the necessity of PLAD-mediated, ligand-independent TNFR1 dimerization for NF-ĸB activation, highlight the PLAD as central regulator of TNFα-induced TNFR1 oligomerization, and demonstrate that TNFR1-mEos2 MEFs can be used to investigate TNFR1-antagonizing compounds employing single-molecule quantification and functional NF-ĸB assays at physiologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Weinelt
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christos Karathanasis
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja Smith
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Juliane Medler
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Auverahaus, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Malkusch
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Auverahaus, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mike Heilemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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18
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Vasilenko EA, Gorshkova EN, Astrakhantseva IV, Nedospasov SA, Mokhonov VV. Three-Domain Antibodies against the Tumor Necrosis Factor: Investigation of Their Biological Activity In Vitro. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Zhong J, Yau ACY, Holmdahl R. Independent and inter-dependent immunoregulatory effects of NCF1 and NOS2 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:113. [PMID: 32276661 PMCID: PMC7149911 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence has suggested that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the Ncf1 gene is associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). However, the mechanisms of NCF1-induced immunoregulatory effects remain poorly understood. In this study, we focus on NCF1 deficiency-mediated effects on EAE in NOS2 dependent and independent ways. Methods To determine the effects of NCF1 and NOS2 during EAE development, we have established recombinant mouse strains deficient at NCF1 and/or NOS2 in a crossbreeding system. Different strains allow us to examine the entire course of the disease in the Nos2-null mice bearing a Ncf1 gene that encodes a mutated NCF1, deficient in triggering oxidative burst, after immunization with recombinant myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)79-96 peptides. The peptide-induced innate and adaptive immune responses were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results NCF1-deficient mice developed a reduced susceptibility to EAE, whereas NCF1-NOS2 double-deficient mice developed an enhanced EAE, as compared with NOS2-deficient mice. Flow cytometry analyses show that double deficiencies resulted in an increase of neutrophils in the spleen, accompanied with higher release of interleukin-1β in neutrophils prior to EAE onset. The additional deficiency in NCF1 had no added effect on either interleukin-17 or interferon-γ secretion of T cells during the priming phase. Conclusions These studies show that NCF1 and NOS2 interact to regulate peptide-induced EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghong Zhong
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Anthony C Y Yau
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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20
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Atretkhany KSN, Gogoleva VS, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. Distinct modes of TNF signaling through its two receptors in health and disease. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:893-905. [PMID: 32083339 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2mr0120-510r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF is a key proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokine whose deregulation is associated with the development of autoimmune diseases and other pathologies. Recent studies suggest that distinct functions of TNF may be associated with differential engagement of its two receptors: TNFR1 or TNFR2. In this review, we discuss the relative contributions of these receptors to pathogenesis of several diseases, with the focus on autoimmunity and neuroinflammation. In particular, we discuss the role of TNFRs in the development of regulatory T cells during neuroinflammation and recent findings concerning targeting TNFR2 with agonistic and antagonistic reagents in various murine models of autoimmune and neuroinflammatory disorders and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamar-Sulu N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Violetta S Gogoleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
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21
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Jain A, Irizarry-Caro RA, McDaniel MM, Chawla AS, Carroll KR, Overcast GR, Philip NH, Oberst A, Chervonsky AV, Katz JD, Pasare C. T cells instruct myeloid cells to produce inflammasome-independent IL-1β and cause autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:65-74. [PMID: 31848486 PMCID: PMC6927526 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β is a key mediator of antimicrobial immunity as well as autoimmune inflammation. Production of IL-1β requires transcription by innate immune receptor signaling and maturational cleavage by inflammasomes. Whether this mechanism applies to IL-1β production seen in T cell-driven autoimmune diseases remains unclear. Here, we describe an inflammasome-independent pathway of IL-1β production that was triggered upon cognate interactions between effector CD4+ T cells and mononuclear phagocytes (MPs). The cytokine TNF produced by activated CD4+ T cells engaged its receptor TNFR on MPs, leading to pro-IL-1β synthesis. Membrane-bound FasL, expressed by CD4+ T cells, activated death receptor Fas signaling in MPs, resulting in caspase-8-dependent pro-IL-1β cleavage. The T cell-instructed IL-1β resulted in systemic inflammation, whereas absence of TNFR or Fas signaling protected mice from CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmunity. The TNFR-Fas-caspase-8-dependent pathway provides a mechanistic explanation for IL-1β production and its consequences in CD4+ T cell-driven autoimmune pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Jain
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo A Irizarry-Caro
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Margaret M McDaniel
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amanpreet Singh Chawla
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaitlin R Carroll
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Garrett R Overcast
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Naomi H Philip
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D Katz
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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22
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Wen Y, Rudemiller NP, Zhang J, Robinette T, Lu X, Ren J, Privratsky JR, Nedospasov SA, Crowley SD. TNF-α in T lymphocytes attenuates renal injury and fibrosis during nephrotoxic nephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 318:F107-F116. [PMID: 31736350 PMCID: PMC6985827 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00347.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) models immune-mediated human glomerulonephritis and culminates in kidney inflammation and fibrosis, a process regulated by T lymphocytes. TNF-α is a key proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to diverse forms of renal injury. Therefore, we posited that TNF-α from T lymphocytes may contribute to NTN pathogenesis. Here, mice with T cell-specific deletion of TNF-α (TNF TKO) and wild-type (WT) control mice were subjected to the NTN model. At 14 days after NTN, kidney injury and fibrosis were increased in kidneys from TNF TKO mice compared with WT mice. PD1+CD4+ T cell numbers and mRNA levels of IL-17A were elevated in NTN kidneys of TNF TKO mice, suggesting that augmented local T helper 17 lymphocyte responses in the TNF TKO kidney may exaggerate renal injury and fibrosis. In turn, we found increased accumulation of neutrophils in TNF TKO kidneys during NTN. We conclude that TNF-α production in T lymphocytes mitigates NTN-induced kidney injury and fibrosis by inhibiting renal T helper 17 lymphocyte responses and infiltration of neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiandong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Taylor Robinette
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Department of Anesthesiology, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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23
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Modulation of bioavailability of proinflammatory cytokines produced by myeloid cells. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 49:S39-S42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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24
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Sato Y, Ries S, Stenzel W, Fillatreau S, Matuschewski K. The Liver-Stage Plasmodium Infection Is a Critical Checkpoint for Development of Experimental Cerebral Malaria. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2554. [PMID: 31736970 PMCID: PMC6837997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria is a life-threatening complication of malaria in humans, and the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are widely analyzed in a murine model of experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Here, we show abrogation of ECM by hemocoel sporozoite-induced infection of a transgenic Plasmodium berghei line that overexpresses profilin, whereas these parasites remain fully virulent in transfusion-mediated blood infection. We, thus, demonstrate the importance of the clinically silent liver-stage infection for modulating the onset of ECM. Even though both parasites triggered comparable splenic immune cell expansion and accumulation of antigen-experienced CD8+ T cells in the brain, infection with transgenic sporozoites did not lead to cerebral vascular damages and suppressed the recruitment of overall lymphocyte populations. Strikingly, infection with the transgenic strain led to maintenance of CD115+Ly6C+ monocytes, which disappear in infected animals prone to ECM. An early induction of IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-6, and TNF at the time when parasites emerge from the liver might lead to a diminished induction of hepatic immunity. Collectively, our study reveals the essential role of early host interactions in the liver that may dampen the subsequent pro-inflammatory immune responses and influence the occurrence of ECM, highlighting a novel checkpoint in this fatal pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Sato
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stefanie Ries
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Immune Regulation Research Group, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Immunology, Infectiology and Haematology (I2H), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Kai Matuschewski
- Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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25
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Nosenko MA, Ambaryan SG, Drutskaya MS. Proinflammatory Cytokines and Skin Wound Healing in Mice. Mol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893319050121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Naran K, Nundalall T, Chetty S, Barth S. Principles of Immunotherapy: Implications for Treatment Strategies in Cancer and Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3158. [PMID: 30622524 PMCID: PMC6308495 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances in cancer biology and pathogenesis during the past two decades, have resulted in immunotherapeutic strategies that have revolutionized the treatment of malignancies, from relatively non-selective toxic agents to specific, mechanism-based therapies. Despite extensive global efforts, infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, necessitating novel, innovative therapeutics that address the current challenges of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Similar to cancer pathogenesis, infectious pathogens successfully fashion a hospitable environment within the host and modulate host metabolic functions to support their nutritional requirements, while suppressing host defenses by altering regulatory mechanisms. These parallels, and the advances made in targeted therapy in cancer, may inform the rational development of therapeutic interventions for infectious diseases. Although "immunotherapy" is habitually associated with the treatment of cancer, this review accentuates the evolving role of key targeted immune interventions that are approved, as well as those in development, for various cancers and infectious diseases. The general features of adoptive therapies, those that enhance T cell effector function, and ligand-based therapies, that neutralize or eliminate diseased cells, are discussed in the context of specific diseases that, to date, lack appropriate remedial treatment; cancer, HIV, TB, and drug-resistant bacterial and fungal infections. The remarkable diversity and versatility that distinguishes immunotherapy is emphasized, consequently establishing this approach within the armory of curative therapeutics, applicable across the disease spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Naran
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Trishana Nundalall
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shivan Chetty
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Gogoleva VS, Atretkhany KSN, Drutskaya MS, Mufazalov IA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Cytokines as Mediators of Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:1089-1103. [PMID: 30472948 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918090110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system and in regulation of the immune response. Cytokine dysregulation is often associated with development of various pathological conditions, including autoimmunity. Recent studies have provided insights into the cytokine signaling pathways that are involved not only in pathogenesis of autoimmune neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis, but also in neurodegenerative states, for example, Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the exact molecular mechanisms of disease pathogenesis and evaluation of relevant experimental animal models are necessary for development of effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Gogoleva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - K-S N Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - M S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - I A Mufazalov
- University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - A A Kruglov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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28
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Marino A, Giani T, Cimaz R. Risks associated with use of TNF inhibitors in children with rheumatic diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 15:189-198. [PMID: 30451548 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2019.1550359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. Several drugs blocking TNF-α are employed in clinical practice in pediatrics. Given their action on the immune system, TNF-α inhibitors have raised concerns on their safety profile since their introduction. A broad spectrum of side effects related to TNF inhibition has been reported: immunogenicity, infectious diseases, malignancies, and others. Areas covered: In order to assess the risk related to the use of anti-TNF-α agents in children with rheumatic diseases we analyzed data obtained from retrospective and prospective safety studies, case reports and case series, and controlled trials. Expert commentary: Anti-TNF-α agents have shown a remarkably good safety profile in the pediatric population so far. However, there are lots of questions to be answered and maintaining active surveillance on these drugs is necessary in order to not overlook any possible unexpected adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achille Marino
- a Department of Pediatrics, Desio Hospital , ASST Monza , Desio (MB) , Italy.,b PhD student in Biomedical Sciences , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Teresa Giani
- c Department of Medical Biotechnology , University of Siena , Siena , Italy.,d Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Rolando Cimaz
- e Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Rheumatology Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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29
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Intrinsic TNFR2 signaling in T regulatory cells provides protection in CNS autoimmunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:13051-13056. [PMID: 30498033 PMCID: PMC6304938 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807499115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In spite of TNF involvement in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic TNF neutralization in MS patients was not successful. One of the possible reasons is that TNF possesses both pathogenic and protective features that may be related to TNFR1 versus TNFR2 receptor engagement. This study uncovers one of such protective functions of TNF mediated by intrinsic TNFR2 signaling in Treg cells. In mice bearing humanized TNF and TNFR2 genetic loci, TNFR2 ablation restricted to Treg cells led to reduced capacity to control Th17 cell responses, exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) development, and affected the maintenance of Treg cells. These findings provide support for the emerging role of TNFR2 signaling in autoimmunity, as demonstrated here in mice with conditional inactivation of TNFR2. TNF is a multifunctional cytokine involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis that exerts its effects through two distinct TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. While TNF- and TNFR1-deficient (but not TNFR2-deficient) mice show very similar phenotypes, the significance of TNFR2 signaling in health and disease remains incompletely understood. Recent studies implicated the importance of the TNF/TNFR2 axis in T regulatory (Treg) cell functions. To definitively ascertain the significance of TNFR2 signaling, we generated and validated doubly humanized TNF/TNFR2 mice, with the option of conditional inactivation of TNFR2. These mice carry a functional human TNF-TNFR2 (hTNF-hTNFR2) signaling module and provide a useful tool for comparative evaluation of TNF-directed biologics. Conditional inactivation of TNFR2 in FoxP3+ cells in doubly humanized TNF/TNFR2 mice down-regulated the expression of Treg signature molecules (such as FoxP3, CD25, CTLA-4, and GITR) and diminished Treg suppressive function in vitro. Consequently, Treg-restricted TNFR2 deficiency led to significant exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), accompanied by reduced capacity to control Th17-mediated immune responses. Our findings expose the intrinsic and beneficial effects of TNFR2 signaling in Treg cells that could translate into protective functions in vivo, including treatment of autoimmunity.
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30
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Abstract
Bispecific antibodies have moved from being an academic curiosity with therapeutic promise to reality, with two molecules being currently commercialized (Hemlibra® and Blincyto®) and many more in clinical trials. The success of bispecific antibodies is mainly due to the continuously growing number of mechanisms of actions (MOA) they enable that are not accessible to monoclonal antibodies. One of the earliest MOA of bispecific antibodies and currently the one with the largest number of clinical trials is the redirecting of the cytotoxic activity of T-cells for oncology applications, now extending its use in infective diseases. The use of bispecific antibodies for crossing the blood-brain barrier is another important application because of its potential to advance the therapeutic options for neurological diseases. Another noteworthy application due to its growing trend is enabling a more tissue-specific delivery or activity of antibodies. The different molecular solutions to the initial hurdles that limited the development of bispecific antibodies have led to the current diverse set of bispecific or multispecific antibody formats that can be grouped into three main categories: IgG-like formats, antibody fragment-based formats, or appended IgG formats. The expanded applications of bispecific antibodies come at the price of additional challenges for clinical development. The rising complexity in their structure may increase the risk of immunogenicity and the multiple antigen specificity complicates the selection of relevant species for safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Husain
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Protein Chemistry Department, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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31
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Vasilenko EA, Mokhonov VV, Gorshkova EN, Astrakhantseva IV. Bispecific Antibodies: Formats and Areas of Application. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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A New Venue of TNF Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051442. [PMID: 29751683 PMCID: PMC5983675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The first Food and Drug Administration-(FDA)-approved drugs were small, chemically-manufactured and highly active molecules with possible off-target effects, followed by protein-based medicines such as antibodies. Conventional antibodies bind a specific protein and are becoming increasingly important in the therapeutic landscape. A very prominent class of biologicals are the anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs that are applied in several inflammatory diseases that are characterized by dysregulated TNF levels. Marketing of TNF inhibitors revolutionized the treatment of diseases such as Crohn’s disease. However, these inhibitors also have undesired effects, some of them directly associated with the inherent nature of this drug class, whereas others are linked with their mechanism of action, being pan-TNF inhibition. The effects of TNF can diverge at the level of TNF format or receptor, and we discuss the consequences of this in sepsis, autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Recently, researchers tried to design drugs with reduced side effects. These include molecules with more specificity targeting one specific TNF format or receptor, or that neutralize TNF in specific cells. Alternatively, TNF-directed biologicals without the typical antibody structure are manufactured. Here, we review the complications related to the use of conventional TNF inhibitors, together with the anti-TNF alternatives and the benefits of selective approaches in different diseases.
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33
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Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. [Cytokine neutralization at specific cellular source : A new therapeutic paradigm? German Version]. Z Rheumatol 2017; 76:163-165. [PMID: 28058501 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, treatment of autoimmune diseases is based on manipulation of general control mechanisms, including those mediated by immunoregulatory cytokines. This approach is non-curative and may cause unwanted side effects due to numerous beneficial and non-redundant functions of a particular cytokine. METHODS Techniques of reverse genetics, such as conditional gene targeting, were employed to uncover the contributions of two proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), in various disease states. RESULTS Several non-redundant functions of TNF from distinct cellular sources were identified. TNF from myeloid cells is pathogenic in several autoimmune diseases, whereas TNF produced by T cells showed non-redundant protective functions in experimental arthritis and in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection model. To test the idea of selective pharmacological inhibition of "bad" TNF produced by myeloid cells while sparing "good" TNF produced by T lymphocytes, a myeloid-specific TNF inhibitor (MYSTI) was designed - a recombinant mini-antibody with dual specificity that can bind to the surface molecule F4/80 on myeloid cells and to TNF. In vitro experiments confirmed retention of TNF on the surface of TNF-producing cells and in vivo experiments indicated that MYSTI can protect mice from lethal TNF-mediated hepatotoxicity. MYSTI is also effective in experimental arthritis. CONCLUSION The proposed therapeutic strategy may be more effective than systemic anti-cytokine therapy in several human autoimmune diseases, as it would preserve the potentially beneficial effects of the same cytokine produced by other cell types. Such bispecific biological agents may become interesting tools for experimental studies and, eventually, drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kruglov
- Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moskau, Russland
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Institut der Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland. .,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moskau, Russland.
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34
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TNFR1 inhibition with a Nanobody protects against EAE development in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13646. [PMID: 29057962 PMCID: PMC5651799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13984-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF has as detrimental role in multiple sclerosis (MS), however, anti-TNF medication is not working. Selective TNF/TNFR1 inhibition whilst sparing TNFR2 signaling reduces the pro-inflammatory effects of TNF but preserves the important neuroprotective signals via TNFR2. We previously reported the generation of a Nanobody-based selective inhibitor of human TNFR1, TROS that will be tested in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We specifically antagonized TNF/TNFR1 signaling using TROS in a murine model of MS, namely MOG35-55-induced EAE. Because TROS does not cross-react with mouse TNFR1, we generated mice expressing human TNFR1 in a mouse TNFR1-knockout background (hTNFR1 Tg), and we determined biodistribution of 99mTc-TROS and effectiveness of TROS in EAE in those mice. Biodistribution analysis demonstrated that intraperitoneally injected TROS is retained more in organs of hTNFR1 Tg mice compared to wild type mice. TROS was also detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of hTNFR1 Tg mice. Prophylactic TROS administration significantly delayed disease onset and ameliorated its symptoms. Moreover, treatment initiated early after disease onset prevented further disease development. TROS reduced spinal cord inflammation and neuroinflammation, and preserved myelin and neurons. Collectively, our data illustrate that TNFR1 is a promising therapeutic target in MS.
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35
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Nosenko MA, Atretkhany KSN, Mokhonov VV, Efimov GA, Kruglov AA, Tillib SV, Drutskaya MS, Nedospasov SA. VHH-Based Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Cytokine Production. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1073. [PMID: 28919896 PMCID: PMC5585155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF, IL-6, and IL-1, play pathogenic roles in multiple diseases and are attractive targets for biologic drugs. Because proinflammatory cytokines possess non-redundant protective and immunoregulatory functions, their systemic neutralization carries the potential for unwanted side effects. Therefore, next-generation anti-cytokine therapies would seek to selectively neutralize pathogenic cytokine signaling, leaving normal function intact. Fortunately, the biology of proinflammatory cytokines provides several such opportunities. Here, we discuss various applications of bispecific antibodies targeting cytokines with specific focus on selective TNF neutralization targeted directly to the surface of specific populations of monocytes and macrophages. These bispecific antibodies combine an anti-TNF VHH with VHHs or scFvs directed against abundant surface molecules on myeloid cells and serve to limit the bioavailability of TNF produced by these cells. Such reagents may become prototypes of a novel class of anti-cytokine biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim A. Nosenko
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamar-Sulu N. Atretkhany
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav V. Mokhonov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Efimov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A. Kruglov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Ameliorated by Passive Transfer of Polymerase 1-Silenced MOG35-55 Lymphatic Node Cells: Verification of a Novel Therapeutic Approach in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2017; 19:406-412. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-017-8456-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Yoon H, Scarisbrick IA. Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 exacerbates disease in an autoimmune model of multiple sclerosis. Biol Chem 2017; 397:1277-1286. [PMID: 27533119 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 6 (Klk6) is elevated in the serum of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and is hypothesized to participate in inflammatory and neuropathogenic aspects of the disease. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the impact of systemic administration of recombinant Klk6 on the development and progression of MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). First, we determined that Klk6 expression is elevated in the spinal cord of mice with EAE at the peak of clinical disease and in immune cells upon priming with the disease-initiating peptide in vitro. Systemic administration of recombinant Klk6 to mice during the priming phase of disease resulted in an exacerbation of clinical symptoms, including earlier onset of disease and higher levels of spinal cord inflammation and pathology. Treatment of MOG35-55-primed immune cells with Klk6 in culture enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin-17, while reducing anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-5. Together these findings provide evidence that elevations in systemic Klk6 can bias the immune system towards pro-inflammatory responses capable of exacerbating the development of neuroinflammation and paralytic neurological deficits. We suggest that Klk6 represents an important target for conditions in which pro-inflammatory responses play a critical role in disease development, including MS.
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Drutskaya MS, Efimov GA, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Can we design a better anti‐cytokine therapy? J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:783-790. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0117-025r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina S. Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory A. Efimov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia; and
| | - Andrei A. Kruglov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Sergei A. Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) blockers are a popular therapeutic choice in a number of inflammatory diseases. Thus far, five TNF- α blockers have been approved for clinical use (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab. and certolizumab). Despite being considered relatively safe, serious side effects associated with immune suppression have been reported, including central and peripheral nervous system (CNS) demyelinating disorders. It is still elusive whether these events are mere coincidence or a side effect of anti-TNF-α use. In this paper, we review the published case reports of CNS demyelination associated with anti-TNF-α therapy and present the follow-up of our 4 previously reported patients who developed neurologic symptoms suggestive of CNS demyelination after having received anti-TNF-α treatment. We also discuss the possible role of TNF-α blockers in demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissavet Kemanetzoglou
- Department of Neurology, Agii Anargiri General Oncological Hospital of Kifissia, Athens, Greece
- 1st Department of Neurology, Athens National and Kapodistrian University, Aeginition Hospital, 74, Vas. Sophia's Ave, Athens, Greece
| | - Elisabeth Andreadou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Athens National and Kapodistrian University, Aeginition Hospital, 74, Vas. Sophia's Ave, Athens, Greece.
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40
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Wolf Y, Shemer A, Polonsky M, Gross M, Mildner A, Yona S, David E, Kim KW, Goldmann T, Amit I, Heikenwalder M, Nedospasov S, Prinz M, Friedman N, Jung S. Autonomous TNF is critical for in vivo monocyte survival in steady state and inflammation. J Exp Med 2017; 214:905-917. [PMID: 28330904 PMCID: PMC5379969 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating mononuclear phagocytes, poised to extravasate to sites of inflammation and differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptors are up-regulated during monopoiesis and expressed by circulating monocytes, as well as effector monocytes infiltrating certain sites of inflammation, such as the spinal cord, during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In this study, using competitive in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that monocytes deficient for TNF or TNF receptors are outcompeted by their wild-type counterpart. Moreover, monocyte-autonomous TNF is critical for the function of these cells, as TNF ablation in monocytes/macrophages, but not in microglia, delayed the onset of EAE in challenged animals and was associated with reduced acute spinal cord infiltration of Ly6Chi effector monocytes. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unappreciated critical cell-autonomous role of TNF on monocytes for their survival, maintenance, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yochai Wolf
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Anat Shemer
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Polonsky
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mor Gross
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Mildner
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Simon Yona
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ki-Wook Kim
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Tobias Goldmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ido Amit
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institut für Virologie, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Department of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergei Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Moscow, Russia 119991.,German Rheumatism Research Center, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Steffen Jung
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Hsu NJ, Francisco NM, Keeton R, Allie N, Quesniaux VFJ, Ryffel B, Jacobs M. Myeloid and T Cell-Derived TNF Protects against Central Nervous System Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2017; 8:180. [PMID: 28280495 PMCID: PMC5322283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS-TB) is a devastating complication of tuberculosis, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is crucial for innate immunity and controlling the infection. TNF is produced by many cell types upon activation, in particularly the myeloid and T cells during neuroinflammation. Here we used mice with TNF ablation targeted to myeloid and T cell (MT-TNF-/-) to assess the contribution of myeloid and T cell-derived TNF in immune responses during CNS-TB. These mice exhibited impaired innate immunity and high susceptibility to cerebral Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, a similar phenotype to complete TNF-deficient mice. Further, MT-TNF-/- mice were not able to control T cell responses and cytokine/chemokine production. Thus, our data suggested that collective TNF production by both myeloid and T cells are required to provide overall protective immunity against CNS-TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jen Hsu
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Ngiambudulu M Francisco
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Roanne Keeton
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Nasiema Allie
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Valérie F J Quesniaux
- CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics , Orleans , France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- CNRS UMR7355, Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics , Orleans , France
| | - Muazzam Jacobs
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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42
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Lund ME, Greer J, Dixit A, Alvarado R, McCauley-Winter P, To J, Tanaka A, Hutchinson AT, Robinson MW, Simpson AM, O'Brien BA, Dalton JP, Donnelly S. A parasite-derived 68-mer peptide ameliorates autoimmune disease in murine models of Type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37789. [PMID: 27883079 PMCID: PMC5121616 DOI: 10.1038/srep37789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminth parasites secrete molecules that potently modulate the immune responses of their hosts and, therefore, have potential for the treatment of immune-mediated human diseases. FhHDM-1, a 68-mer peptide secreted by the helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica, ameliorated disease in two different murine models of autoimmunity, type 1 diabetes and relapsing-remitting immune-mediated demyelination. Unexpectedly, FhHDM-1 treatment did not affect the proliferation of auto-antigen specific T cells or their production of cytokines. However, in both conditions, the reduction in clinical symptoms was associated with the absence of immune cell infiltrates in the target organ (islets and the brain tissue). Furthermore, after parenteral administration, the FhHDM-1 peptide interacted with macrophages and reduced their capacity to secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF and IL-6. We propose this inhibition of innate pro-inflammatory immune responses, which are central to the initiation of autoimmunity in both diseases, prevented the trafficking of autoreactive lymphocytes from the periphery to the site of autoimmunity (as opposed to directly modulating their function per se), and thus prevented tissue destruction. The ability of FhHDM-1 to modulate macrophage function, combined with its efficacy in disease prevention in multiple models, suggests that FhHDM-1 has considerable potential as a treatment for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Lund
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judith Greer
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aakanksha Dixit
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raquel Alvarado
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Joyce To
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Akane Tanaka
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T Hutchinson
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark W Robinson
- Medical Biology Center, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Ann M Simpson
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A O'Brien
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Centre for Health Technology, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John P Dalton
- Medical Biology Center, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Sheila Donnelly
- The School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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43
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Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Cytokine neutralization at specific cellular source : A new therapeutic paradigm? Z Rheumatol 2016; 76:22-24. [PMID: 27787607 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-016-0215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, treatment of autoimmune diseases is based on manipulation of general control mechanisms, including those mediated by immunoregulatory cytokines. This approach is non-curative and may cause unwanted side effects due to numerous beneficial and non-redundant functions of a particular cytokine. METHODS Techniques of reverse genetics, such as conditional gene targeting, were employed to uncover the contributions of two proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), in various disease states. RESULTS Several non-redundant functions of TNF from distinct cellular sources were identified. TNF from myeloid cells is pathogenic in several autoimmune diseases, whereas TNF produced by T cells showed non-redundant protective functions in experimental arthritis and in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection model. To test the idea of selective pharmacological inhibition of "bad" TNF produced by myeloid cells while sparing "good" TNF produced by T lymphocytes, a myeloid-specific TNF inhibitor (MYSTI) was designed-a recombinant mini-antibody with dual specificity that can bind to the surface molecule F4/80 on myeloid cells and to TNF. In vitro experiments confirmed retention of TNF on the surface of TNF-producing cells and in vivo experiments indicated that MYSTI can protect mice from lethal TNF-mediated hepatotoxicity. MYSTI is also effective in experimental arthritis. CONCLUSION The proposed therapeutic strategy may be more effective than systemic anti-cytokine therapy in several human autoimmune diseases, as it would preserve the potentially beneficial effects of the same cytokine produced by other cell types. Such bispecific biological agents may become interesting tools for experimental studies and, eventually, drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Kruglov
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S A Nedospasov
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Institut der Leibniz Gemeinschaft, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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44
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Drutskaya MS, Efimov GA, Astrakhantseva IV, Kruglov AA, Nedospasov SA. Making anti-cytokine therapy more selective: Studies in mice. Cytokine 2016; 101:33-38. [PMID: 27624866 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are involved in a wide range of functions shaping the normal immune response, yet inflammatory changes in the immune system due to dysregulated cytokine signaling may lead to the induction of autoimmunity. Cytokine inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of many autoimmune diseases in recent years. Systemic cytokine ablation, however, is often associated with the development of adverse side effects and some patients simply do not respond to therapy. TNF, IL-1 and IL-6 are the best characterized proinflammatory cytokines considered as the main therapeutic targets for the treatment of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. But can anti-cytokine therapy become more selective and thus more efficient? This mini-review discusses several recently emerging paradigms and summarizes current experimental attempts to validate them in mouse studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Drutskaya
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Grigory A Efimov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; National Scientific Center for Hematology, Moscow 125167, Russia; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | | | - Andrei A Kruglov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 199991, Russia; German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 199991, Russia; German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), Berlin 10117, Germany.
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45
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Salehi Z, Doosti R, Beheshti M, Janzamin E, Sahraian MA, Izad M. Differential Frequency of CD8+ T Cell Subsets in Multiple Sclerosis Patients with Various Clinical Patterns. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159565. [PMID: 27467597 PMCID: PMC4965085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence points to a pathogenic role for CD8+ cytotoxic T (Tc) cells in Multiple sclerosis (MS). Based on cytokine profile, Tc cells can be divided into different subsets: IFN-γ (Tc1), IL-4 (Tc2), IL-10 (Tc10), IL-17 (Tc17), IL-21 (Tc21), IL-22 (Tc22) and TNF-α producing cells. In this study we evaluated the frequency of Tc cell subsets and the serum level of Tc17 differentiation cytokines in MS patients with different clinical patterns. We analyzed Tc cell subsets percentage in peripheral blood of relapsing-remitting (RRMS) (n = 28), secondary-progressive (SPMS) (n = 10) and primary-progressive (PPMS) (n = 4) MS patients in comparison to healthy controls (n = 15) using flow cytometry. Serum level of TGF-β, IL-6 and IL-23 were measured by ELISA. We showed elevated levels of Tc1 and Tc17 cells in SPMS and RRMS patients in relapse phase, respectively (P = 0.04). Interestingly, the percentage of TNF-α producing CD8+ T cells in relapse and remission phase of RRMS and SPMS patients were higher than controls (P = 0.01, P = 0.004, P = 0.01, respectively) and Tc21 increased in remission phase of RRMS compared to SPMS (P = 0.03). We also found higher frequency of CD8+ IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ IL-17+ T cells in relapse phase of RRMS compared to remission phase, SPMS patients and controls (P = 0.01, P = 0.004 and P = 0.02, respectively). TGF- β increased in sera of RRMS patients in remission phase (P = 0.03) and SPMS (P = 0.05) compared to healthy subjects. Increased level of Tc17 and CD8+ IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ IL-17+ T cells in relapse phase highlights the critical role of IL-17 in RRMS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Salehi
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rozita Doosti
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Beheshti
- Pathophysiology laboratory, Sina hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Janzamin
- Flow Cytometry laboratory, Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MI); (M-AS)
| | - Maryam Izad
- Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- MS Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MI); (M-AS)
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46
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Rothaug M, Becker-Pauly C, Rose-John S. The role of interleukin-6 signaling in nervous tissue. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1218-27. [PMID: 27016501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders and in the physiological homeostasis of neural tissue. Profound neuropathological changes, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease are associated with increased IL-6 expression in brain. Increased nocturnal concentrations of serum IL-6 are found in patients with impaired sleep whereas IL-6-deficient mice spend more time in rapid eye movement sleep associated with dreaming. IL-6 is crucial in the differentiation of oligodendrocytes, regeneration of peripheral nerves and acts as a neurotrophic factor. It exerts its cellular effects through two distinct pathways which include the anti-inflammatory pathway involving the membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expressed on selective cells, including microglia, in a process known as classical signaling that is also critical for bacterial defense. In classical signaling binding of IL-6 to the membrane-bound IL-6R activates the β-receptor glycoprotein 130 (gp130) and subsequent down-stream signaling. The alternative, rather pro-inflammatory pathway, shown to mediate neurodegeneration in mice, termed trans-signaling, depends on a soluble form of the IL-6R that is capable of binding IL-6 to stimulate a response on distal cells that express gp130. A naturally occurring soluble form of gp130 (sgp130) has been identified that can specifically bind and neutralize the IL-6R/IL-6 complex. Thus, trans-signaling is blocked but classical signaling is completely unaffected. A modified, recombinant dimerized version of sgp130 (sgp130Fc) has successfully been used to block inflammatory processes in mice and may also be used in the clarification of IL-6 trans-signaling in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Rothaug
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker-Pauly
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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47
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Cell-type-restricted anti-cytokine therapy: TNF inhibition from one pathogenic source. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3006-11. [PMID: 26936954 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520175113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of TNF contributes to pathogenesis of multiple autoimmune diseases, accounting for a remarkable success of anti-TNF therapy. TNF is produced by a variety of cell types, and it can play either a beneficial or a deleterious role. In particular, in autoimmunity pathogenic TNF may be derived from restricted cellular sources. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of cell-type-restricted TNF inhibition in vivo. To this end, we engineered MYSTI (Myeloid-Specific TNF Inhibitor)--a recombinant bispecific antibody that binds to the F4/80 surface molecule on myeloid cells and to human TNF (hTNF). In macrophage cultures derived from TNF humanized mice MYSTI could capture the secreted hTNF, limiting its bioavailability. Additionally, as evaluated in TNF humanized mice, MYSTI was superior to an otherwise analogous systemic TNF inhibitor in protecting mice from lethal LPS/D-Galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity. Our results suggest a novel and more specific approach to inhibiting TNF in pathologies primarily driven by macrophage-derived TNF.
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Eckhardt J, Döbbeler M, König C, Kuczera K, Kuhnt C, Ostalecki C, Zinser E, Mak TW, Steinkasserer A, Lechmann M. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin deficiency attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 181:51-64. [PMID: 25753260 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we examined the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we report that TSLP knock-out (KO) mice display a delayed onset of disease and an attenuated form of EAE. This delayed onset was accompanied by a reduced number of encephalitogenic T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of TSLP KO mice. In addition, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from CNS of TSLP KO mice show a reduced activation status in comparison to wild-type mice. It is noteworthy that we could also show that lymph node cells from TSLP KO mice expanded less efficiently and that interleukin (IL)-6-, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were reduced. Furthermore, CD3(+) T cells isolated in the preclinical phase from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG(35-55))-immunized TSLP KO mice showed a reduced response after secondary exposure to MOG(35-55), indicating that differentiation of naive T cells into MOG(35-55)-specific effector and memory T cells was impaired in KO mice. The addition of recombinant TSLP enhanced T cell proliferation during MOG(35-55) restimulation, showing that T cells also respond directly to TSLP. In summary, these data demonstrate that expression of, and immune activation by, TSLP contributes significantly to the immunopathology of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eckhardt
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - M Döbbeler
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - C König
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - K Kuczera
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - C Kuhnt
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - C Ostalecki
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - E Zinser
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - T W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Steinkasserer
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
| | - M Lechmann
- Department of Immune Modulation at the Department of Dermatology
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Simpson S, Stewart N, van der Mei I, Otahal P, Charlesworth J, Ponsonby AL, Blizzard L, Dwyer T, Pittas F, Gies P, Taylor B. Stimulated PBMC-produced IFN-γ and TNF-α are associated with altered relapse risk in multiple sclerosis: results from a prospective cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:200-7. [PMID: 24790215 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-307336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and their production of cytokines may affect multiple sclerosis (MS) clinical course. We assessed the relationship of stimulated PBMC-produced IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-10 in modulating relapse risk using a prospective cohort with established relapsing-remitting MS. METHODS Cytokine production from PBMCs taken in summer and winter was measured by ELISA. Predictors of cytokines assessed by multilevel mixed-effects linear regression. Predictors of relapse assessed by survival analysis. RESULTS Increasing IFN-γ was associated with increasing relapse risk, while increasing TNF-α reduced relapse risk after adjusting for IFN-γ. IL-10 and IL4 were not consistently associated with relapse risk. IFN-γ's effects on relapse were greatly attenuated by immunomodulatory therapies, by summer season and by higher serum vitamin D, whereas TNF-α's inverse association with relapse was only present in these circumstances. The TNF-α inverse association with relapse was only present among persons carrying the wild-type of the functional SNP rs1800693 in TNFRSF1A that has been previously associated with MS risk. CONCLUSIONS We found strong effects of IFN-γ and TNF-α on relapse risk, these differing by immunomodulatory therapy, season, and serum vitamin D, as well as by genotype. These results indicate altered reactivity of immune cells modulate MS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Simpson
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Niall Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia School of Pharmacy, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Ingrid van der Mei
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Petr Otahal
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Jac Charlesworth
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Anne-Louise Ponsonby
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fotini Pittas
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Peter Gies
- Ultraviolet Radiation Section, Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency, Yallambie, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce Taylor
- Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Tietz SM, Hofmann R, Thomas T, Tackenberg B, Gaestel M, Berghoff M. MK2 and Fas receptor contribute to the severity of CNS demyelination. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100363. [PMID: 24964076 PMCID: PMC4070940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Models of inflammatory or degenerative diseases demonstrated that the protein-kinase MK2 is a key player in inflammation. In this study we examined the role of MK2 in MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis. In MK2-deficient (MK2-/-) mice we found a delayed onset of the disease and MK2-/- mice did not recover until day 24 after EAE induction. At this day a higher number of leukocytes in the CNS of MK2-/- mice was found. TNFα was not detectable in serum of MK2-/- mice in any stage of EAE, while high TNFα levels were found at day 16 in wild-type mice. Further investigation revealed an increased expression of FasR mRNA in leukocytes isolated from CNS of wild-type mice but not in MK2-/- mice, however in vitro stimulation of MK2-/- splenocytes with rmTNFα induced the expression of FasR. In addition, immunocomplexes between the apoptosis inhibitor cFlip and the FasR adapter molecule FADD were only detected in splenocytes of MK2-/- mice at day 24 after EAE induction. Moreover, the investigation of blood samples from relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients revealed reduced FasR mRNA expression compared to healthy controls. Taken together, our data suggest that MK2 is a key regulatory inflammatory cytokines in EAE and multiple sclerosis. MK2-/- mice showed a lack of TNFα and thus might not undergo TNFα-induced up-regulation of FasR. This may prevent autoreactive leukocytes from apoptosis and may led to prolonged disease activity. The findings indicate a key role of MK2 and FasR in the regulation and limitation of the immune response in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Tietz
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Theodor-Kocher-Institute, Universtiy of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Regina Hofmann
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Björn Tackenberg
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroimmunology Group, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Berghoff
- Department of Neurology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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