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Imianowski CJ, Kuo P, Whiteside SK, von Linde T, Wesolowski AJ, Conti AG, Evans AC, Baird T, Morris BI, Fletcher NE, Yang J, Poon E, Lakins MA, Yamamoto M, Brewis N, Morrow M, Roychoudhuri R. IFNγ Production by Functionally Reprogrammed Tregs Promotes Antitumor Efficacy of OX40/CD137 Bispecific Agonist Therapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2045-2057. [PMID: 38995700 PMCID: PMC11317917 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are highly enriched within many tumors and suppress immune responses to cancer. There is intense interest in reprogramming Tregs to contribute to antitumor immunity. OX40 and CD137 are expressed highly on Tregs, activated and memory T cells, and NK cells. In this study, using a novel bispecific antibody targeting mouse OX40 and CD137 (FS120m), we show that OX40/CD137 bispecific agonism induces potent antitumor immunity partially dependent upon IFNγ production by functionally reprogrammed Tregs. Treatment of tumor-bearing animals with OX40/CD137 bispecific agonists reprograms Tregs into both fragile Foxp3+ IFNγ+ Tregs with decreased suppressive function and lineage-instable Foxp3- IFNγ+ ex-Tregs. Treg fragility is partially driven by IFNγ signaling, whereas Treg instability is associated with reduced IL2 responsiveness upon treatment with OX40/CD137 bispecific agonists. Importantly, conditional deletion of Ifng in Foxp3+ Tregs and their progeny partially reverses the antitumor efficacy of OX40/CD137 bispecific agonist therapy, revealing that reprogramming of Tregs into IFNγ-producing cells contributes to the anti-tumor efficacy of OX40/CD137 bispecific agonists. These findings provide insights into mechanisms by which bispecific agonist therapies targeting costimulatory receptors highly expressed by Tregs potentiate antitumor immunity in mouse models. SIGNIFICANCE The bispecific antibody FS120, an immunotherapy currently being tested in the clinic, partially functions by inducing anti-tumor activity of Tregs, which results in tumor rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paula Kuo
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Sarah K. Whiteside
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Teresa von Linde
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Alberto G. Conti
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Alexander C. Evans
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Tarrion Baird
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Benjamin I. Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Nicole E. Fletcher
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- Immunology Programme, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Edmund Poon
- F-Star Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew A. Lakins
- F-Star Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Neil Brewis
- F-Star Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle Morrow
- F-Star Therapeutics, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.
- invoX Pharma, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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2
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Liu J, Zhang B, Zhang G, Shang D. Reprogramming of regulatory T cells in inflammatory tumor microenvironment: can it become immunotherapy turning point? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345838. [PMID: 38449875 PMCID: PMC10915070 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and identifying widely used immunosuppressants with minimal side effects are two major challenges currently hampering cancer immunotherapy. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are present in almost all cancer tissues and play an important role in preserving autoimmune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. The tumor inflammatory microenvironment causes the reprogramming of Tregs, resulting in the conversion of Tregs to immunosuppressive phenotypes. This process ultimately facilitates tumor immune escape or tumor progression. However, current systemic Treg depletion therapies may lead to severe autoimmune toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanism of Treg reprogramming and develop immunotherapies that selectively target Tregs within tumors. This article provides a comprehensive review of the potential mechanisms involved in Treg cell reprogramming and explores the application of Treg cell immunotherapy. The interference with reprogramming pathways has shown promise in reducing the number of tumor-associated Tregs or impairing their function during immunotherapy, thereby improving anti-tumor immune responses. Furthermore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms that drive Treg cell reprogramming could reveal new molecular targets for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Guolin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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3
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Gao X, Tang Y, Kong L, Fan Y, Wang C, Wang R. Treg cell: Critical role of regulatory T-cells in depression. Pharmacol Res 2023; 195:106893. [PMID: 37611836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a highly prevalent disorder of the central nervous system. The neuropsychiatric symptoms of clinical depression are persistent and include fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, altered sleep patterns, hyperalgesia, melancholia, anxiety, and impaired social behaviours. Mounting evidences suggest that neuroinflammation triggers dysregulated cellular immunity and increases susceptibility to psychiatric diseases. Neuroimmune responses have transformed the clinical approach to depression because of their roles in its pathophysiology and their therapeutic potential. In particular, activated regulatory T (Treg) cells play an increasingly evident role in the inflammatory immune response. In this review, we summarized the available data and discussed in depth the fundamental roles of Tregs in the pathogenesis of depression, as well as the clinical therapeutic potential of Tregs. We aimed to provide recent information regarding the potential of Tregs as immune-modulating biologics for the treatment and prevention of long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuru Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lingli Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Mental Health Center, 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pain Management, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), 26600 Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
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4
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Wen M, Ying Y, Xiao X, Arnold PR, Wang G, Chu X, Ghobrial RM, Li XC. Ox40-Cre-mediated deletion of BRD4 reveals an unexpected phenotype of hair follicle stem cells in alopecia. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e164534. [PMID: 36256455 PMCID: PMC9746908 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.164534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BRD4 is a bromodomain extraterminal domain family member and functions primarily as a chromatin reader regulating genes involved in cell-fate decisions. Here, we bred Brd4fl/fl Ox40-Cre mice in which Brd4 was conditionally deleted in OX40-expressing cells to examine the role of BRD4 in regulating immune responses. We found that the Brd4fl/fl Ox40-Cre mice developed profound alopecia and dermatitis, while other organs and tissues were not affected. Surprisingly, lineage-tracing experiments using the Rosa26fl/fl-Yfp mice identified a subset of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) that constitutively express OX40, and deletion of Brd4 specifically in such HFSCs resulted in cell death and a complete loss of skin hair growth. We also found that death of HFSCs triggered massive activation of the intradermal γδ T cells, which induced epidermal hyperplasia and dermatitis by producing the inflammatory cytokine IL-17. Interestingly, deletion of Brd4 in Foxp3+ Tregs, which also constitutively express OX40, compromised their suppressive functions, and this, in turn, contributed to the enhanced activation of γδ T cells, as well as the severity of dermatitis and hair follicle destruction. Thus, our data demonstrate an unexpected role of BRD4 in regulating skin follicle stem cells and skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mou Wen
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanlin Ying
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Preston R. Arnold
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Guangchuan Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiufeng Chu
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafik M. Ghobrial
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xian C. Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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The Implementation of TNFRSF Co-Stimulatory Domains in CAR-T Cells for Optimal Functional Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020299. [PMID: 35053463 PMCID: PMC8773791 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily (TNFRSF) is a large and important immunoregulatory family that provides crucial co-stimulatory signals to many if not all immune effector cells. Each co-stimulatory TNFRSF member has a distinct expression profile and a unique functional impact on various types of cells and at different stages of the immune response. Correspondingly, exploiting TNFRSF-mediated signaling for cancer immunotherapy has been a major field of interest, with various therapeutic TNFRSF-exploiting anti-cancer approaches such as 4-1BB and CD27 agonistic antibodies being evaluated (pre)clinically. A further application of TNFRSF signaling is the incorporation of the intracellular co-stimulatory domain of a TNFRSF into so-called Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) constructs for CAR-T cell therapy, the most prominent example of which is the 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain included in the clinically approved product Kymriah. In fact, CAR-T cell function can be clearly influenced by the unique co-stimulatory features of members of the TNFRSF. Here, we review a select group of TNFRSF members (4-1BB, OX40, CD27, CD40, HVEM, and GITR) that have gained prominence as co-stimulatory domains in CAR-T cell therapy and illustrate the unique features that each confers to CAR-T cells.
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Immunotherapeutic strategy based on anti-OX40L and low dose of IL-2 to prolong graft survival in sensitized mice by inducing the generation of CD4 + and CD8 + Tregs. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 97:107663. [PMID: 33887578 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alloreactive memory cells play a critical role after a second transplant and are difficult to suppress. This study investigated the effect of an immunotherapeutic strategy that combines anti-OX40L, rapamycin (Rapa), and a low dose of IL-2 in a memory cell-based adoptive model. In this model, the median survival time (MST) of the grafts of the combined treatment group was significantly extended compared to that of the control group and other treatment groups. A similar effect was observed regarding a reduction in memory T cells (Tm) and inflammatory cytokines production. Also, the percentages of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) increased in our model. In addition, mounting evidence has shown CD8+CD122+ T cells are also Tregs. We found that the group of CD8+CD122+PD1+ T cells was markedly increased in the combined treatment group, especially in the graft. We further demonstrated that CD8+CD122+PD1+ T cells could suppress activated T cells. Our data suggest that anti-OX40L combined with Rapa and a low dose of IL-2 can suppress Tm, modulate CD4 and CD8 Tregs, and induce long-term heart allograft survival in sensitized mice.
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Critical Roles of Balanced T Helper 9 Cells and Regulatory T Cells in Allergic Airway Inflammation and Tumor Immunity. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:8816055. [PMID: 33748292 PMCID: PMC7943311 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+T helper (Th) cells are important mediators of immune responses in asthma and cancer. When counteracted by different classes of pathogens, naïve CD4+T cells undergo programmed differentiation into distinct types of Th cells. Th cells orchestrate antigen-specific immune responses upon their clonal T-cell receptor (TCR) interaction with the appropriate peptide antigen presented on MHC class II molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). T helper 9 (Th9) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells and their corresponding cytokines have critical roles in tumor and allergic immunity. In the context of asthma and cancer, the dynamic internal microenvironment, along with chronic inflammatory stimuli, influences development, differentiation, and function of Th9 cells and Treg cells. Furthermore, the dysregulation of the balance between Th9 cells and Treg cells might trigger aberrant immune responses, resulting in development and exacerbation of asthma and cancer. In this review, the development, differentiation, and function of Th9 cells and Treg cells, which are synergistically regulated by various factors including cytokine signals, transcriptional factors (TFs), costimulatory signals, microenvironment cues, metabolic pathways, and different signal pathways, will be discussed. In addition, we focus on the recent progress that has helped to achieve a better understanding of the roles of Th9 cells and Treg cells in allergic airway inflammation and tumor immunity. We also discuss how various factors moderate their responses in asthma and cancer. Finally, we summarize the recent findings regarding potential mechanisms for regulating the balance between Th9 and Treg cells in asthma and cancer. These advances provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies that are aimed at reestablishing the balance of these cells in the diseases.
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8
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Immunologic Features of Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before and During Sorafenib or Anti-programmed Death-1/Programmed Death-L1 Treatment. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2020; 10:e00058. [PMID: 31295151 PMCID: PMC6708670 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Today, a promising treatment strategy is focused on the enhancement of antitumor immune responses by immune checkpoint modification. However, as only 20% of patients with HCC are responders, identification of predictive factors is urgently required. Therefore, for the first time, the features of the intrahepatic and circulating immune system in patients with advanced-stage HCC, before and during the treatment, were analyzed. METHODS We collected fresh HCC biopsies, along with adjacent tumor-free liver tissues and peripheral blood samples, from 21 patients with advanced HCC. Furthermore, we performed an extensive immunomonitoring of patients with HCC treated with sorafenib or programmed death (PD)-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade using multiparametric flow cytometry. RESULTS We observed that regardless of the treatment, low baseline intratumoral CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio was associated with better overall survival (P = 0.0002). The baseline frequency of intratumoral PD-1 CD8 T cells was significantly lower in patients responding to sorafenib treatment than in the nonresponders (P = 0.0117), and the frequency of circulating PD-1 T cells increased with tumor progression (P = 0.0329). By contrast, responders to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade showed a trend of high baseline frequency of intratumoral PD-1 CD8 T cells. Moreover, we observed a trend of LAG3 and TIM3 upregulation on circulating T cells in nonresponding patients to PD-1/PD-L1 pathway blockade. DISCUSSION Immunosuppressive state, characterized by an enhanced intratumoral CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, was associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, our results suggest that the frequency of intratumoral PD-1 CD8 T cells may serve as a biomarker to identify which individuals will benefit from which treatment and support the use of combination strategies.
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Dawson NAJ, Rosado-Sánchez I, Novakovsky GE, Fung VCW, Huang Q, McIver E, Sun G, Gillies J, Speck M, Orban PC, Mojibian M, Levings MK. Functional effects of chimeric antigen receptor co-receptor signaling domains in human regulatory T cells. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/557/eaaz3866. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz3866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific regulatory T cells (Tregs) engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are a potent immunosuppressive cellular therapy in multiple disease models and could overcome shortcomings of polyclonal Treg therapy. CAR therapy was initially developed with conventional T cells, which have different signaling requirements than do Tregs. To date, most of the CAR Treg studies used second-generation CARs, encoding a CD28 or 4-1BB co-receptor signaling domain and CD3ζ, but it was not known if this CAR design was optimal for Tregs. Using a human leukocyte antigen–A2–specific CAR platform and human Tregs, we compared 10 CARs with different co-receptor signaling domains and systematically tested their function and CAR-stimulated gene expression profile. Tregs expressing a CAR encoding CD28wt were markedly superior to all other CARs tested in an in vivo model of graft-versus-host disease. In vitro assays revealed stable expression of Helios and an ability to suppress CD80 expression on dendritic cells as key in vitro predictors of in vivo function. This comprehensive study of CAR signaling domain variants in Tregs can be leveraged to optimize CAR design for use in antigen-specific Treg therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. J. Dawson
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Isaac Rosado-Sánchez
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - German E. Novakovsky
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Vivian C. W. Fung
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Qing Huang
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Emma McIver
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Grace Sun
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Jana Gillies
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Madeleine Speck
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Paul C. Orban
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Majid Mojibian
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Megan K. Levings
- BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
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10
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Harnessing the Complete Repertoire of Conventional Dendritic Cell Functions for Cancer Immunotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070663. [PMID: 32674488 PMCID: PMC7408110 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of checkpoint inhibition revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, studies from the last decade suggested that the sole enhancement of T cell functionality might not suffice to fight malignancies in all individuals. Dendritic cells (DCs) are not only part of the innate immune system, but also generals of adaptive immunity and they orchestrate the de novo induction of tolerogenic and immunogenic T cell responses. Thus, combinatorial approaches addressing DCs and T cells in parallel represent an attractive strategy to achieve higher response rates across patients. However, this requires profound knowledge about the dynamic interplay of DCs, T cells, other immune and tumor cells. Here, we summarize the DC subsets present in mice and men and highlight conserved and divergent characteristics between different subsets and species. Thereby, we supply a resource of the molecular players involved in key functional features of DCs ranging from their sentinel function, the translation of the sensed environment at the DC:T cell interface to the resulting specialized T cell effector modules, as well as the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the DC function. As of today, mostly monocyte derived dendritic cells (moDCs) are used in autologous cell therapies after tumor antigen loading. While showing encouraging results in a fraction of patients, the overall clinical response rate is still not optimal. By disentangling the general aspects of DC biology, we provide rationales for the design of next generation DC vaccines enabling to exploit and manipulate the described pathways for the purpose of cancer immunotherapy in vivo. Finally, we discuss how DC-based vaccines might synergize with checkpoint inhibition in the treatment of malignant diseases.
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11
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Morales Del Valle C, Maxwell JR, Xu MM, Menoret A, Mittal P, Tsurutani N, Adler AJ, Vella AT. Costimulation Induces CD4 T Cell Antitumor Immunity via an Innate-like Mechanism. Cell Rep 2020; 27:1434-1445.e3. [PMID: 31042471 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to tumor-associated antigens inactivates cognate T cells, restricting the repertoire of tumor-specific effector T cells. This problem was studied here by transferring TCR transgenic CD4 T cells into recipient mice that constitutively express a cognate self-antigen linked to MHC II on CD11c-bearing cells. Immunotherapeutic agonists to CD134 plus CD137, "dual costimulation," induces specific CD4 T cell expansion and expression of the receptor for the Th2-associated IL-1 family cytokine IL-33. Rather than producing IL-4, however, they express the tumoricidal Th1 cytokine IFNγ when stimulated with IL-33 or IL-36 (a related IL-1 family member) plus IL-12 or IL-2. IL-36, which is induced within B16-F10 melanomas by dual costimulation, reduces tumor growth when injected intratumorally as a monotherapy and boosts the efficacy of tumor-nonspecific dual costimulated CD4 T cells. Dual costimulation thus enables chronic antigen-exposed CD4 T cells, regardless of tumor specificity, to elaborate tumoricidal function in response to tumor-associated cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph R Maxwell
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Maria M Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Antoine Menoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Payal Mittal
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Naomi Tsurutani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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12
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Colamatteo A, Carbone F, Bruzzaniti S, Galgani M, Fusco C, Maniscalco GT, Di Rella F, de Candia P, De Rosa V. Molecular Mechanisms Controlling Foxp3 Expression in Health and Autoimmunity: From Epigenetic to Post-translational Regulation. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3136. [PMID: 32117202 PMCID: PMC7008726 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the transcription factor Forkhead box-p3 (Foxp3) has shed fundamental insights into the understanding of the molecular determinants leading to generation and maintenance of T regulatory (Treg) cells, a cell population with a key immunoregulatory role. Work over the past few years has shown that fine-tuned transcriptional and epigenetic events are required to ensure stable expression of Foxp3 in Treg cells. The equilibrium between phenotypic plasticity and stability of Treg cells is controlled at the molecular level by networks of transcription factors that bind regulatory sequences, such as enhancers and promoters, to regulate Foxp3 expression. Recent reports have suggested that specific modifications of DNA and histones are required for the establishment of the chromatin structure in conventional CD4+ T (Tconv) cells for their future differentiation into the Treg cell lineage. In this review, we discuss the molecular events that control Foxp3 gene expression and address the associated alterations observed in human diseases. Also, we explore how Foxp3 influences the gene expression programs in Treg cells and how unique properties of Treg cell subsets are defined by other transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Colamatteo
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fortunata Carbone
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bruzzaniti
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Galgani
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Clorinda Fusco
- Treg Cell Laboratory, Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Teresa Maniscalco
- Dipartimento di Neurologia, Centro Regionale Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera "A. Cardarelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Rella
- Clinical and Experimental Senology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Veronica De Rosa
- Laboratorio di Immunologia, Istituto per L'Endocrinologia e L'Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (IEOS-CNR), Naples, Italy.,Unità di NeuroImmunologia, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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13
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OX40 Costimulation Inhibits Foxp3 Expression and Treg Induction via BATF3-Dependent and Independent Mechanisms. Cell Rep 2019; 24:607-618. [PMID: 30021159 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Naive CD4+ T cells can be converted to Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in the periphery (iTregs), where induction of Foxp3 gene expression is central to Treg differentiation. OX40 signaling is known to inhibit Foxp3 expression and Treg induction, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here, we found that OX40 costimulation activates two distinct molecular pathways to suppress Foxp3 expression in freshly activated naive CD4+ T cells. Specifically, OX40 upregulates BATF3 and BATF, which produce a closed chromatin configuration to repress Foxp3 expression in a Sirt1/7-dependent manner. Moreover, OX40 can also activate the AKT-mTOR pathway, especially in the absence of BATF3 and BATF, to inhibit Foxp3 induction, and this is mediated by phosphorylation and nuclear exclusion of the transcription factor Foxo1. Taken together, our results provide key mechanistic insights into how OX40 inhibits Foxp3 expression and Treg induction in the periphery.
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14
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Chen J, Zhou Y, Chen S, Liu M, Guo W, Wang Q, Su X, Zhao C, Han Z, Feng X, Huang H. Lkb1 in dendritic cells restricts CD8 +Foxp3 +regulatory T cells expansion in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111650. [PMID: 31563695 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (Lkb1) in dendritic cells (DCs) plays a key role in maintaining immunity homeostasis and adaptive immunity by controlling the CD4+Foxp3+T regulatory cell (CD4+Tregs) pool and T cells activation. However, the function of Lkb1 in DCs for the regulation of CD8+Foxp3+T regulatory cells (CD8+Tregs) has not been addressed. Herein, we found that Lkb1-deficient DCs could lead to excessive CD8+Tregs expansion in multiple organs. We found that OX40 expression was significantly higher in Lkb1-deficient DCs compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice, suggesting a potential pathway of CD8+Treg expansion. Moreover, we found that CD8+Tregs from mice with conditional deletion Lkb1 in DCs (KO) displayed an activated phenotype and expressed higher levels of specific markers, including ICOS and CD103. Interestingly, compared with the WT mice without lipopolysaccharide(LPS) treatment, we found that CD8+Tregs population increased in the WT mice with LPS treatment which can selectively delete Lkb1 protein in DCs. However, there was no significant difference in CD8+Tregs population in the KO mice between LPS treatment group and non-LPS treatment. Collectively, our findings identified Lkb1 in DCs as a crucial regulator of CD8+Treg expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Chen
- Fujian Medical University, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yushan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Song Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Maolan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Hematology Research Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiuhua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Chunxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Hospital of Blood Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
| | - Huifang Huang
- Central Laboratory, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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15
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Remedios KA, Zirak B, Sandoval PM, Lowe MM, Boda D, Henley E, Bhattrai S, Scharschmidt TC, Liao W, Naik HB, Rosenblum MD. The TNFRSF members CD27 and OX40 coordinately limit T H17 differentiation in regulatory T cells. Sci Immunol 2019; 3:3/30/eaau2042. [PMID: 30578350 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are closely related to TH17 cells and use aspects of the TH17-differentiation program for optimal immune regulation. In several chronic inflammatory human diseases, Tregs express IL-17A, suggesting that dysregulation of TH17-associated pathways in Tregs may result in either loss of suppressive function and/or conversion into pathogenic cells. The pathways that regulate the TH17 program in Tregs are poorly understood. We have identified two TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF) members, CD27 and OX40, that are preferentially expressed by skin-resident Tregs Both CD27 and OX40 signaling suppressed the expression of TH17-associated genes from Tregs in a cell-intrinsic manner in vitro and in vivo. However, only OX40 played a nonredundant role in promoting Treg accumulation. Tregs that lacked both CD27 and OX40 were defective in controlling skin inflammation and expressed high levels of IL-17A, as well as the master TH17 transcription factor, RORγt. Last, we found that CD27 expression was inversely correlated with Treg IL-17 production in skin of patients with psoriasis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Together, our results suggest that TNFRSF members play both redundant and distinct roles in regulating Treg plasticity in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Remedios
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bahar Zirak
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Margaret M Lowe
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Devi Boda
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Evan Henley
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shrishti Bhattrai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Wilson Liao
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Haley B Naik
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael D Rosenblum
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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16
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Copsel S, Wolf D, Komanduri KV, Levy RB. The promise of CD4 +FoxP3 + regulatory T-cell manipulation in vivo: applications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Haematologica 2019; 104:1309-1321. [PMID: 31221786 PMCID: PMC6601084 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.198838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a non-redundant population critical for the maintenance of self-tolerance. Over the past decade, the use of these cells for therapeutic purposes in transplantation and autoimmune disease has emerged based on their capacity to inhibit immune activation. Basic science discoveries have led to identifying key receptors on Tregs that can regulate their proliferation and function. Notably, the understanding that IL-2 signaling is crucial for Treg homeostasis promoted the hypothesis that in vivo IL-2 treatment could provide a strategy to control the compartment. The use of low-dose IL-2 in vivo was shown to selectively expand Tregs versus other immune cells. Interestingly, a number of other Treg cell surface proteins, including CD28, CD45, IL-33R and TNFRSF members, have been identified which can also induce activation and proliferation of this population. Pre-clinical studies have exploited these observations to prevent and treat mice developing autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. These findings support the development of translational strategies to expand Tregs in patients. Excitingly, the use of low-dose IL-2 for patients suffering from graft-versus-host disease and autoimmune disease has demonstrated increased Treg levels together with beneficial outcomes. To date, promising pre-clinical and clinical studies have directly targeted Tregs and clearly established the ability to increase their levels and augment their function in vivo. Here we review the evolving field of in vivo Treg manipulation and its application to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Krishna V Komanduri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine
| | - Robert B Levy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology .,Division of Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine.,Department of Ophthalmology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, FL, USA
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17
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Association of OX40 gene polymorphisms (rs17568G/A and rs229811A/C) with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2609-2616. [PMID: 30923998 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth leading incident cancer worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible association of OX40 gene polymorphisms, rs17568G/A and rs229811A/C, with susceptibility to HNSCC and its clinicopathological features. Two hundred and two HNSCC patients and 200 healthy age-sex matched individuals were enrolled. rs17568G/A and rs229811A/C polymorphisms in OX40 gene were genotyped using RFLP-PCR method. We observed more than 2 times increased risk for squamous cell carcinoma development in nose and paranasal sinuses among individuals who inherited GG genotype at rs17568 region (OR 2.29; CI 1.01-5.20; P = 0.035). Considering rs2298211 SNP, AA genotype was also observed with higher frequency, in comparison with other two genotypes (AC or CC), among patients with HNSCC originated from these regions (P = 0.003). Besides, we observed that patients with C allele at this locus (AC and CC genotypes) have tumors with significantly higher histological grade (P = 0.042). Our findings suggest the possible association of rs17568 GG genotype, as well as rs2298211 AA genotype with susceptibility to develop squamous cell carcinoma in the nose and sinonasal cavities.
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18
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Zhou AC, Batista NV, Watts TH. 4-1BB Regulates Effector CD8 T Cell Accumulation in the Lung Tissue through a TRAF1-, mTOR-, and Antigen-Dependent Mechanism to Enhance Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell Formation during Respiratory Influenza Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2482-2492. [PMID: 30867239 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The TNFR superfamily member 4-1BB is important in the establishment of tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the lung tissue following influenza infection. Moreover, supraphysiological boosting of 4-1BB in the airways during the boost phase of a prime-boost immunization regimen increases the long-lived Trm population, correlating with increased protection against heterotypic challenge. However, little is known about how 4-1BB contributes to the establishment of the lung Trm population. In this study, we show that effects of 4-1BB on lung Trm accumulation are already apparent at the effector stage, suggesting that the major role of 4-1BB in Trm formation is to allow persistence of CD8 T effector cells in the lung as they transition to Trm. Using supraphysiological stimulation of 4-1BB in the boost phase of a prime-boost immunization, we show that the effect of 4-1BB on Trm generation requires local delivery of both Ag and costimulation, is inhibited by rapamycin treatment during secondary CD8 effector T cell expansion, and is dependent on the signaling adaptor TRAF1. The decrease in lung Trm following early rapamycin treatment is accompanied by increased circulating memory T cells, as well as fewer effectors, suggesting a role for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the formation of Trm through effects on the accumulation of effector precursors. Taken together, these data point to an important role for 4-1BB, TRAF1, and mTOR in the persistence of CD8 effector T cells in the lung parenchyma, thereby allowing the transition to Trm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nathália V Batista
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tania H Watts
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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19
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Wing JB, Tay C, Sakaguchi S. Control of Regulatory T Cells by Co-signal Molecules. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1189:179-210. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9717-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Control of T reg cell homeostasis and immune equilibrium by Lkb1 in dendritic cells. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5298. [PMID: 30546010 PMCID: PMC6294005 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07545-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To balance immunity and tolerance, the endogenous pool of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells is tightly controlled, but the underlying mechanisms of this control remain poorly understood. Here we show that the number of Treg cells is negatively regulated by the kinase Lkb1 in dendritic cells (DCs). Conditional knockout of the Lkb1 gene in DCs leads to excessive Treg cell expansion in multiple organs and dampens antigen-specific T cell immunity. Lkb1-deficient DCs are capable of enhancing, compared with wild-type DCs, Treg cell proliferation via cell-cell contact involving the IKK/IKBα-independent activation of the NF-κB/OX40L pathway. Intriguingly, treating wild-type mice with lipopolysaccharide selectively depletes Lkb1 protein in DCs, resulting in Treg cell expansion and suppressed inflammatory injury upon subsequent challenge. Loss of Lkb1 does not obviously upregulate proinflammatory molecules expression on DCs. We thus identify Lkb1 as a regulatory switch in DCs for controlling Treg cell homeostasis, immune response and tolerance. Regulatory T (Treg) cells are important for maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing immune cell activation, but how the Treg cell pool is maintained is still unclear. Here the authors show that a kinase, Lkb1, operates in dendritic cells (DC) to inhibit Treg cell expansion and immunosuppression via mechanisms involving NF-kB/OX40L signalling.
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21
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Kumar P, Bhattacharya P, Prabhakar BS. A comprehensive review on the role of co-signaling receptors and Treg homeostasis in autoimmunity and tumor immunity. J Autoimmun 2018; 95:77-99. [PMID: 30174217 PMCID: PMC6289740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immune system ensures optimum T-effector (Teff) immune responses against invading microbes and tumor antigens while preventing inappropriate autoimmune responses against self-antigens with the help of T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Thus, Treg and Teff cells help maintain immune homeostasis through mutual regulation. While Tregs can contribute to tumor immune evasion by suppressing anti-tumor Teff response, loss of Treg function can result in Teff responses against self-antigens leading to autoimmune disease. Thus, loss of homeostatic balance between Teff/Treg cells is often associated with both cancer and autoimmunity. Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors, collectively known as co-signaling receptors, play an indispensable role in the regulation of Teff and Treg cell expansion and function and thus play critical roles in modulating autoimmune and anti-tumor immune responses. Over the past three decades, considerable efforts have been made to understand the biology of co-signaling receptors and their role in immune homeostasis. Mutations in co-inhibitory receptors such as CTLA4 and PD1 are associated with Treg dysfunction, and autoimmune diseases in mice and humans. On the other hand, growing tumors evade immune surveillance by exploiting co-inhibitory signaling through expression of CTLA4, PD1 and PDL-1. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) using anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1 has drawn considerable attention towards co-signaling receptors in tumor immunology and created renewed interest in studying other co-signaling receptors, which until recently have not been as well studied. In addition to co-inhibitory receptors, co-stimulatory receptors like OX40, GITR and 4-1BB have also been widely implicated in immune homeostasis and T-cell stimulation, and use of agonistic antibodies against OX40, GITR and 4-1BB has been effective in causing tumor regression. Although ICB has seen unprecedented success in cancer treatment, autoimmune adverse events arising from ICB due to loss of Treg homeostasis poses a major obstacle. Herein, we comprehensively review the role of various co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors in Treg biology and immune homeostasis, autoimmunity, and anti-tumor immunity. Furthermore, we discuss the autoimmune adverse events arising upon targeting these co-signaling receptors to augment anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Associate Dean for Technological Innovation and Training, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Room E-705, (M/C 790), 835 S. Wolcott Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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22
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Marinelarena A, Bhattacharya P, Kumar P, Maker AV, Prabhakar BS. Identification of a Novel OX40L + Dendritic Cell Subset That Selectively Expands Regulatory T cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14940. [PMID: 30297856 PMCID: PMC6175872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown GM-CSF derived bone-marrow dendritic cells (G-BMDCs) can induce the selective expansion of Tregs through the surface-bound molecule OX40L; however, the physiological role of this ex vivo derived DC subset remained to be elucidated. We determined GM-CSF administration to mice induced the generation of in vivo derived OX40L+ DCs, phenotypically similar to ex vivo OX40L+G-BMDCs, in the spleen, brachial lymph nodes and liver. The generation of OX40L+ DCs correlated with increased percentages of functionally suppressive Tregs in the spleen, brachial lymph nodes, and liver of GM-CSF treated mice. DCs from GM-CSF treated mice expanded Tregs in CD4+ T-cell co-cultures in an OX40L dependent manner, suggesting OX40L+ DCs may play a role in peripheral Treg homeostasis. Furthermore, comparing the transcriptome data of OX40L+ DCs to that of all immune cell types revealed OX40L+ DCs to be distinct from steady-state immune cells and, microarray analysis of OX40L+G-BMDCs and OX40L−G-BMDCs revealed higher expression of molecules that are associated with tolerogenic phenotype and could play important roles in the function of OX40L+ DCs. These findings suggest that OX40L+ DCs may represent a unique DC subset induced under inflammatory conditions that may play an essential role in maintaining Treg homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Marinelarena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ajay V Maker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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23
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Kumar P, Marinelarena A, Raghunathan D, Ragothaman VK, Saini S, Bhattacharya P, Fan J, Epstein AL, Maker AV, Prabhakar BS. Critical role of OX40 signaling in the TCR-independent phase of human and murine thymic Treg generation. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:138-153. [PMID: 29578532 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2018.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in immune-tolerance, and loss of Treg function can lead to the development of autoimmunity. Natural Tregs generated in the thymus substantially contribute to the Treg pool in the periphery, where they suppress self-reactive effector T cells (Teff) responses. Recently, we showed that OX40L (TNFSF4) is able to drive selective proliferation of peripheral Tregs independent of canonical antigen presentation (CAP-independent) in the presence of low-dose IL-2. Therefore, we hypothesized that OX40 signaling might be integral to the TCR-independent phase of murine and human thymic Treg (tTreg) development. Development of tTregs is a two-step process: Strong T-cell receptor (TCR) signals in combination with co-signals from the TNFRSF members facilitate tTreg precursor selection, followed by a TCR-independent phase of tTreg development in which their maturation is driven by IL-2. Therefore, we investigated whether OX40 signaling could also play a critical role in the TCR-independent phase of tTreg development. OX40-/- mice had significantly reduced numbers of CD25-Foxp3low tTreg precursors and CD25+Foxp3+ mature tTregs, while OX40L treatment of WT mice induced significant proliferation of these cell subsets. Relative to tTeff cells, OX40 was expressed at higher levels in both murine and human tTreg precursors and mature tTregs. In ex vivo cultures, OX40L increased tTreg maturation and induced CAP-independent proliferation of both murine and human tTregs, which was mediated through the activation of AKT-mTOR signaling. These novel findings show an evolutionarily conserved role for OX40 signaling in tTreg development and proliferation, and might enable the development of novel strategies to increase Tregs and suppress autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alejandra Marinelarena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Divya Raghunathan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vandhana K Ragothaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shikha Saini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Alan L Epstein
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajay V Maker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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24
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Xiao X, Fan Y, Li J, Zhang X, Lou X, Dou Y, Shi X, Lan P, Xiao Y, Minze L, Li XC. Guidance of super-enhancers in regulation of IL-9 induction and airway inflammation. J Exp Med 2018; 215:559-574. [PMID: 29339447 PMCID: PMC5789412 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Xiao et al. demonstrate that formation of super-enhancers at Il9 locus is critical for robust IL-9 expression and Th9 cell induction, and assembly of Il9 super-enhancers is driven by OX40-mediated chromatin acetylation. Th9 cells are prominently featured in allergic lung inflammation, but the mechanism that regulates IL-9 induction in T helper cells remains poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that formation of super-enhancers (SEs) is critical in robust induction of IL-9 and that assembly of the Il9 SEs in Th cells requires OX40-triggered chromatin acetylation. Mechanistically, we found that OX40 costimulation induces RelB expression, which recruits the histone acetyltransferase p300 to the Il9 locus to catalyze H3K27 acetylation. This allows binding of the SE factor Brd4 to organize assembly of the SE complex, which in turn drives robust IL-9 expression and Th9 cell induction. Thus, Th9 cells are strongly induced upon OX40 stimulation, and disruption of SEs abolished Th9 cell induction in vitro and inhibited Th9 cell–mediated allergic airway inflammation in vivo. Together, our data suggest that formation of SEs is essential in IL-9 expression and Th9 cell induction. These findings may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xiao
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yihui Fan
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Junhui Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaohua Lou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yaling Dou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xiaomin Shi
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yue Xiao
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Laurie Minze
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX .,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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26
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Yu C, Xi J, Li M, An M, Liu H. Bioconjugate Strategies for the Induction of Antigen-Specific Tolerance in Autoimmune Diseases. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 29:719-732. [PMID: 29165988 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) holds great promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In mice, administration of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) binding synthetic peptides which modulate T cell receptor (TCR) signaling under subimmunogenic conditions induces selective tolerance without suppressing the global immune responses. However, clinical translation has yielded limited success. It has become apparent that the TCR signaling pathway via synthetic peptide antigen alone is inadequate to induce an effective tolerogenic immunity in autoimmune diseases. Bioconjugate strategies combining additional immunomodulatory functions with TCR signaling can amplify the antigen-specific immune tolerance and possibly lead to the development of new treatments in autoimmune diseases. In this review, we provide a summary of recent advances in the development of bioconjugates to achieve antigen-specific immune tolerance in vivo, with the discussion focused on the underlying design principles and challenges that must be overcome to target these therapies to patients suffering from autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Jingchao Xi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Myunggi An
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Department of Oncology , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States.,Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program , Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
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27
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Frydrychowicz M, Boruczkowski M, Kolecka-Bednarczyk A, Dworacki G. The Dual Role of Treg in Cancer. Scand J Immunol 2017; 86:436-443. [PMID: 28941312 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a small subpopulation of CD4+ cells. Tregs are characterized by the expression of transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), also known as scurfin. Tregs are modulators of adaptive immune responses and play an important role in maintaining tolerance to self-antigens, providing the suppression associated with tumour microenvironment as well. These immunomodulatory properties are the main reason for the development of numerous therapeutic strategies, designed to inhibit the activity of cancer cells. However, due to Treg subpopulation diversity and its many functional pathways, the role of these cells in the cancer development and progression is still not fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Frydrychowicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Boruczkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Kolecka-Bednarczyk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - G Dworacki
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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28
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Liu B, Yu H, Sun G, Sun X, Jin H, Zhang C, Shi W, Tian D, Liu K, Xu H, Li X, Yin J, Hong X, Zhang D. OX40 promotes obesity-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:3827-3840. [PMID: 28612217 PMCID: PMC11107569 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immunity plays a critical role in IR and T2DM development; however, the biological mechanisms linking T cell costimulation and glucose metabolism have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the costimulatory molecule OX40 controls T cell activation and IR development. Inflammatory cell accumulation and enhanced proinflammatory gene expression, as well as high OX40 expression levels on CD4+ T cells, were observed in the adipose tissues of mice with diet-induced obesity. OX40-KO mice exhibited significantly less weight gain and lower fasting glucose levels than those of WT mice, without obvious adipose tissue inflammation. The effects of OX40 on IR are mechanistically linked to the promotion of T cell activation, Th1 cell differentiation and proliferation-as well as the attenuation of Treg suppressive activity and the enhancement of proinflammatory cytokine production-in adipose tissues. Furthermore, OX40 expression on T cells was positively associated with obesity in humans, suggesting that our findings are clinically relevant. In summary, our study revealed that OX40 in CD4+ T cells is crucial for adipose tissue inflammation and IR development. Therefore, the OX40 signaling pathway may be a new target for preventing or treating obesity-related IR and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengchi Yu
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyong Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Sun
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Jin
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunpan Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Shi
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Tian
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Liu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hufeng Xu
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yin
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Hong
- Endocrinology Department, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-an Road, Xi-cheng District, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Alharshawi K, Marinelarena A, Kumar P, El-Sayed O, Bhattacharya P, Sun Z, Epstein AL, Maker AV, Prabhakar BS. PKC-ѳ is dispensable for OX40L-induced TCR-independent Treg proliferation but contributes by enabling IL-2 production from effector T-cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6594. [PMID: 28747670 PMCID: PMC5529425 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that OX40L/OX40 interaction is critical for TCR-independent selective proliferation of Foxp3+ Tregs, but not Foxp3- effector T-cells (Teff), when CD4+ T-cells are co-cultured with GM-CSF derived bone marrow dendritic cells (G-BMDCs). Events downstream of OX40L/OX40 interaction in Tregs responsible for this novel mechanism are not understood. Earlier, OX40L/OX40 interaction has been shown to stimulate CD4+ T-cells through the formation of a signalosome involving TRAF2/PKC-Ѳ leading to NF-kB activation. In this study, using CD4+ T-cells from WT and OX40-/- mice we first established that OX40 mediated activation of NF-kB was critical for this Treg proliferation. Although CD4+ T-cells from PKC-Ѳ-/- mice were also defective in G-BMDC induced Treg proliferation ex vivo, this defect could be readily corrected by adding exogenous IL-2 to the co-cultures. Furthermore, by treating WT, OX40-/-, and PKC-Ѳ-/- mice with soluble OX40L we established that OX40L/OX40 interaction was required and sufficient to induce Treg proliferation in vivo independent of PKC-Ѳ status. Although PKC-Ѳ is dispensable for TCR-independent Treg proliferation per se, it is essential for optimum IL-2 production by Teff cells. Finally, our findings suggest that OX40L binding to OX40 likely results in recruitment of TRAF1 for downstream signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Alharshawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alejandra Marinelarena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Osama El-Sayed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Alan L Epstein
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ajay V Maker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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30
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Sitrin J, Suto E, Wuster A, Eastham-Anderson J, Kim JM, Austin CD, Lee WP, Behrens TW. The Ox40/Ox40 Ligand Pathway Promotes Pathogenic Th Cell Responses, Plasmablast Accumulation, and Lupus Nephritis in NZB/W F1 Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1238-1249. [PMID: 28696253 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ox40 ligand (Ox40L) locus genetic variants are associated with the risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, it is unclear how Ox40L contributes to SLE pathogenesis. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of Ox40L and its cognate receptor, Ox40, using in vivo agonist and antagonist approaches in the NZB × NZW (NZB/W) F1 mouse model of SLE. Ox40 was highly expressed on several CD4 Th cell subsets in the spleen and kidney of diseased mice, and expression correlated with disease severity. Treatment of aged NZB/W F1 mice with agonist anti-Ox40 mAbs potently exacerbated renal disease, which was accompanied by activation of kidney-infiltrating T cells and cytokine production. The agonist mAbs also induced activation and inflammatory gene expression in splenic CD4 T cells, including IFN-regulated genes, increased the number of follicular helper T cells and plasmablasts in the spleen, and led to elevated levels of serum IgM and enhanced renal glomerular IgM deposition. In a type I IFN-accelerated lupus model, treatment with an antagonist Ox40:Fc fusion protein significantly delayed the onset of severe proteinuria and improved survival. These data support the hypothesis that the Ox40/Ox40L pathway drives cellular and humoral autoimmune responses during lupus nephritis in NZB/W F1 mice and emphasize the potential clinical value of targeting this pathway in human lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sitrin
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080;
| | - Eric Suto
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Arthur Wuster
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | | | - Jeong M Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Cary D Austin
- Department of Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Translational Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Timothy W Behrens
- Department of Human Genetics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
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31
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Lan P, Fan Y, Zhao Y, Lou X, Monsour HP, Zhang X, Choi Y, Dou Y, Ishii N, Ghobrial RM, Xiao X, Li XC. TNF superfamily receptor OX40 triggers invariant NKT cell pyroptosis and liver injury. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2222-2234. [PMID: 28436935 DOI: 10.1172/jci91075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident immune cells play a key role in local and systemic immune responses. The liver, in particular, hosts a large number of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, which are involved in diverse immune responses. However, the mechanisms that regulate survival and homeostasis of liver iNKT cells are poorly defined. Here we have found that liver iNKT cells constitutively express the costimulatory TNF superfamily receptor OX40 and that OX40 stimulation results in massive pyroptotic death of iNKT cells, characterized by the release of potent proinflammatory cytokines that induce liver injury. This OX40/NKT pyroptosis pathway also plays a key role in concanavalin A-induced murine hepatitis. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that liver iNKT cells express high levels of caspase 1 and that OX40 stimulation activates caspase 1 via TNF receptor-associated factor 6-mediated recruitment of the paracaspase MALT1. We also found that activation of caspase 1 in iNKT cells results in processing of pro-IL-1β to mature IL-1β as well as cleavage of the pyroptotic protein gasdermin D, which generates a membrane pore-forming fragment to produce pyroptotic cell death. Thus, our study has identified OX40 as a death receptor for iNKT cells and uncovered a molecular mechanism of pyroptotic cell death. These findings may have important clinical implications in the development of OX40-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixiang Lan
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and
| | - Yihui Fan
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and
| | - Yue Zhao
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and
| | - Xiaohua Lou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and
| | - Howard P Monsour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and
| | - Yongwon Choi
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yaling Dou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rafik M Ghobrial
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiang Xiao
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and.,Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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32
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Hao Y, Li H, Li Y, Lyu M, Zhang D, Fu R, Guan Y, Wang S, Sun B, Dou X, Yang R. Decreased TLR4 expression on monocytes may cause regulatory T cells abnormality in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia. Autoimmunity 2017; 50:283-292. [PMID: 28412855 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2017.1309034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Mingen Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Donglei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Rongfeng Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yue Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Boyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xueqing Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Renchi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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33
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Willoughby J, Griffiths J, Tews I, Cragg MS. OX40: Structure and function - What questions remain? Mol Immunol 2017; 83:13-22. [PMID: 28092803 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OX40 is a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein, reported nearly 30 years ago as a cell surface antigen expressed on activated T cells. Since its discovery, it has been validated as a bone fide costimulatory molecule for T cells and member of the TNF receptor family. However, many questions still remain relating to its function on different T cell sub-sets and with recent interest in its utility as a target for antibody-mediated immunotherapy, there is a growing need to gain a better understanding of its biology. Here, we review the expression pattern of OX40 and its ligand, discuss the structure of the receptor:ligand interaction, the downstream signalling it can elicit, its function on different T cell subsets and how antibodies might engage with it to provide effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Willoughby
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jordana Griffiths
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Biological Sciences, Life Science Building, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ivo Tews
- Biological Sciences, Life Science Building, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, UK; Institute for life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody & Vaccine Group, Cancer Sciences Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Institute for life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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34
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Abstract
The tumour necrosis factor receptor OX40 (CD134) is activated by its cognate ligand OX40L (CD134L, CD252) and functions as a T cell co-stimulatory molecule. OX40-OX40L interactions have been proposed as a potential therapeutic target for treating autoimmunity. OX40 is expressed on activated T cells, and in the mouse at rest on regulatory T cells (Treg). OX40L is found on antigen-presenting cells, activated T cells and others including lymphoid tissue inducer cells, some endothelia and mast cells. Expression of both molecules is increased after antigen presentation occurs and also in response to multiple other pro-inflammatory factors including CD28 ligation, CD40L ligation and interferon-gamma signaling. Their interactions promote T cell survival, promote an effector T cell phenotype, promote T cell memory, tend to reduce regulatory function, increase effector cytokine production and enhance cell mobility. In some circumstances, OX40 agonism may be associated with increased tolerance, although timing with respect to antigenic stimulus is important. Further, recent work has suggested that OX40L blockade may be more effective than OX40 blockade in reducing autoimmunity. This article reviews the expression of OX40 and OX40L in health, the effects of their interactions and insights from their under- or over-expression. We then review OX40 and OX40L expression in human autoimmune disease, identified associations of variations in their genes (TNFRSF4 and TNFSF4, respectively) with autoimmunity, and data from animal models of human diseases. A rationale for blocking OX40-OX40L interaction in human autoimmunity is then presented along with commentary on the one trial of OX40L blockade in human disease conducted to date. Finally, we discuss potential problems with clinical use of OX40-OX40L directed pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwilym J Webb
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK. .,National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gideon M Hirschfield
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peter J L Lane
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, B15 2TT, UK
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35
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Kumar P, Alharshawi K, Bhattacharya P, Marinelarena A, Haddad C, Sun Z, Chiba S, Epstein AL, Prabhakar BS. Soluble OX40L and JAG1 Induce Selective Proliferation of Functional Regulatory T-Cells Independent of canonical TCR signaling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39751. [PMID: 28045060 PMCID: PMC5206631 DOI: 10.1038/srep39751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in maintaining peripheral tolerance. Increasing Treg numbers/functions has been shown to ameliorate autoimmune diseases. However, common Treg expansion approaches use T-Cell Receptor (TCR)-mediated stimulation which also causes proliferation of effector T-cells (Teff). To overcome this limitation, purified patient-specific Tregs are expanded ex vivo and transfused. Although promising, this approach is not suitable for routine clinical use. Therefore, an alternative approach to selectively expand functional Tregs in vivo is highly desired. We report a novel TCR-independent strategy for the selective proliferation of Foxp3+Tregs (without Teff proliferation), by co-culturing CD4+ T-cells with OX40 L+Jagged(JAG)-1+ bone marrow-derived DCs differentiated with GM-CSF or treating them with soluble OX40 L and JAG1 in the presence of exogenous IL-2. Tregs expanded using soluble OX40 L and JAG1 were of suppressive phenotype and delayed the onset of diabetes in NOD mice. Ligation of OX40 L and JAG1 with their cognate-receptors OX40 and Notch3, preferentially expressed on Tregs but not on Teff cells, was required for selective Treg proliferation. Soluble OX40L-JAG1-induced NF-κB activation as well as IL-2-induced STAT5 activation were essential for the proliferation of Tregs with sustained Foxp3 expression. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the utility of soluble OX40 L and JAG1 to induce TCR-independent Treg proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhakaran Kumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Khaled Alharshawi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Palash Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alejandra Marinelarena
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christine Haddad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zuoming Sun
- Department of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Shigeru Chiba
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Alan L Epstein
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bellur S Prabhakar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois-College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Young JS, Daniels MD, Miller ML, Wang T, Zhong R, Yin D, Alegre ML, Chong AS. Erosion of Transplantation Tolerance After Infection. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:81-90. [PMID: 27273890 PMCID: PMC5938732 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical studies suggest that operational allograft tolerance can be persistent, but long-term surviving allografts can be rejected in a subset of patients, sometimes after episodes of infection. In this study, we examined the impact of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection on the quality of tolerance in a mouse model of heart allograft transplantation. Lm infection induced full rejection in 40% of tolerant recipients, with the remaining experiencing a rejection crisis or no palpable change in their allografts. In the surviving allografts on day 8 postinfection, graft-infiltrating cell numbers increased and exhibited a loss in the tolerance gene signature. By day 30 postinfection, the tolerance signature was broadly restored, but with a discernible reduction in the expression of a subset of 234 genes that marked tolerance and was down-regulated at day 8 post-Lm infection. We further demonstrated that the tolerant state after Lm infection was functionally eroded, as rejection of the long-term surviving graft was induced with anti-PD-L1 whereas the same treatment had no effect in noninfected tolerant mice. Collectively, these observations demonstrate that tolerance, even if initially robust, exists as a continuum that can be eroded following bystander immune responses that accompany certain infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Young
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
| | - Melvin D Daniels
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
| | - Michelle L Miller
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
| | - Tongmin Wang
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
| | - Rong Zhong
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
| | - Dengping Yin
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
| | - Anita S. Chong
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628
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Abstract
Immunosuppression strategies that selectively inhibit effector T cells while preserving and even enhancing CD4FOXP3 regulatory T cells (Treg) permit immune self-regulation and may allow minimization of immunosuppression and associated toxicities. Many immunosuppressive drugs were developed before the identity and function of Treg were appreciated. A good understanding of the interactions between Treg and immunosuppressive agents will be valuable to the effective design of more tolerable immunosuppression regimens. This review will discuss preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the influence of current and emerging immunosuppressive drugs on Treg homeostasis, stability, and function as a guideline for the selection and development of Treg-friendly immunosuppressive regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven A Wisel
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Qizhi Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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The Costimulatory Receptor OX40 Inhibits Interleukin-17 Expression through Activation of Repressive Chromatin Remodeling Pathways. Immunity 2016; 44:1271-83. [PMID: 27317259 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
T helper 17 (Th17) cells are prominently featured in multiple autoimmune diseases, but the regulatory mechanisms that control Th17 cell responses are poorly defined. Here we found that stimulation of OX40 triggered a robust chromatin remodeling response and produced a "closed" chromatin structure at interleukin-17 (IL-17) locus to inhibit Th17 cell function. OX40 activated the NF-κB family member RelB, and RelB recruited the histone methyltransferases G9a and SETDB1 to the Il17 locus to deposit "repressive" chromatin marks at H3K9 sites, and consequently repressing IL-17 expression. Unlike its transcriptional activities, RelB acted independently of both p52 and p50 in the suppression of IL-17. In an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) disease model, we found that OX40 stimulation inhibited IL-17 and reduced EAE. Conversely, RelB-deficient CD4(+) T cells showed enhanced IL-17 induction and exacerbated the disease. Our data uncover a mechanism in the control of Th17 cells that might have important clinic implications.
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Ahn JB, Kang SA, Kim DH, Yu HS. Activation and Recruitment of Regulatory T Cells via Chemokine Receptor Activation in Trichinella spiralis-Infected Mice. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2016; 54:163-71. [PMID: 27180574 PMCID: PMC4870966 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As most infections by the helminth parasite elicit the recruitment of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T (Treg) cells, many scientists have suggested that these cells could be used for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammation and associated diseases. In order to investigate the distribution and alteration of activated Treg cells, we compared the expression levels of Treg cell activation markers in the ileum and gastrocnemius tissues 1, 2, and 4 weeks after infection. The number of Treg cells was monitored using GFP-coded Foxp3 transgenic mice. In mice at 1 week after Trichinella spiralis infection, the number of activated Treg cells was higher than in the control group. In mice at 2 weeks after infection, there was a significant increase in the number of cells expressing Foxp3 and CTLA-4 when compared to the control group and mice at 1 week after infection. At 4 weeks after infection, T. spiralis was easily identifiable in nurse cells in mouse muscles. In the intestine, the expression of Gzmb and Klrg1 decreased over time and that of Capg remained unchanged for the first and second week, then decreased in the 4th week. However, in the muscles, the expression of most chemokine genes was increased due to T. spiralis infection, in particular the expression levels of Gzmb, OX40, and CTLA-4 increased until week 4. In addition, increased gene expression of all chemokine receptors in muscle, CXCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR9, and CCR10, was observed up until the 4th week. In conclusion, various chemokine receptors showed increased expressions combined with recruitment of Treg cells in the muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Bin Ahn
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Immunoregulatory Therapeutics Group in Brain Busan 21 Project, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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40
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Gattringer M, Baranyi U, Pilat N, Hock K, Klaus C, Ramsey HE, Wrba F, Valenta R, Wekerle T. Anti-OX40L alone or in combination with anti-CD40L and CTLA4Ig does not inhibit the humoral and cellular response to a major grass pollen allergen. Clin Exp Allergy 2015; 46:354-64. [PMID: 26464312 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated allergy is a common disease characterized by a harmful immune response towards otherwise harmless environmental antigens. Induction of specific immunological non-responsiveness towards allergens would be a desirable goal. Blockade of costimulatory pathways is a promising strategy to modulate the immune response in an antigen-specific manner. Recently, OX40 (CD134) was identified as a costimulatory receptor important in Th2-mediated immune responses. Moreover, synergy between OX40 blockade and 'conventional' costimulation blockade (anti-CD40L, CTLA4Ig) was observed in models of alloimmunity. OBJECTIVE We investigated the potential of interfering with OX40 alone or in combination with CD40/CD28 signals to influence the allergic immune response. METHODS The OX40 pathway was investigated in an established murine model of IgE-mediated allergy where BALB/c mice are repeatedly immunized with the clinically relevant grass pollen allergen Phl p 5. Groups were treated with combinations of anti-OX40L, CTLA4Ig and anti-CD40L. In selected mice, Tregs were depleted with anti-CD25. RESULTS Blockade of OX40L alone at the time of first or second immunization did not modulate the allergic response on the humoral or effector cell levels but slightly on T cell responses. Administration of a combination of anti-CD40L/CTLA4Ig delayed the allergic immune response, but antibody production could not be inhibited after repeated immunization even though the allergen-specific T cell response was suppressed in the long run. Notably, additional blockade of OX40L had no detectable supplementary effect. Immunomodulation partly involved regulatory T cells as depletion of CD25(+) cells led to restored T cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Collectively, our data provide evidence that the allergic immune response towards Phl p 5 is independent of OX40L, although reduction on T cell responses and slightly on the asthmatic phenotype was detectable. Besides, no relevant synergistic effect of OX40L blockade in addition to CD40L/CD28 blockade could be detected. Thus, the therapeutic potential of OX40L blockade for IgE-mediated allergy appears to be ineffective in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gattringer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - U Baranyi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Pilat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - K Hock
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Klaus
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H E Ramsey
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - F Wrba
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Wekerle
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang F, Li J, Wang D, Fu Q, Xiong YY, Huang HT, Liu LS, Wang CX. An immunotherapeutic strategy for prolonging graft survival in mice. Transpl Immunol 2015; 33:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Fan Y, Moon JJ. Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems Designed to Improve Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2015; 3:662-85. [PMID: 26350600 PMCID: PMC4586472 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines3030662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated great therapeutic potential of educating and unleashing our own immune system for cancer treatment. However, there are still major challenges in cancer immunotherapy, including poor immunogenicity of cancer vaccines, off-target side effects of immunotherapeutics, as well as suboptimal outcomes of adoptive T cell transfer-based therapies. Nanomaterials with defined physico-biochemical properties are versatile drug delivery platforms that may address these key technical challenges facing cancer vaccines and immunotherapy. Nanoparticle systems have been shown to improve targeted delivery of tumor antigens and therapeutics against immune checkpoint molecules, amplify immune activation via the use of new stimuli-responsive or immunostimulatory materials, and augment the efficacy of adoptive cell therapies. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in nanoparticle-based strategies designed to potentiate cancer immunotherapies, including cancer vaccines with subunit antigens (e.g., oncoproteins, mutated neo-antigens, DNA and mRNA antigens) and whole-cell tumor antigens, dendritic cell-based vaccines, artificial antigen-presenting cells, and immunotherapeutics based on immunogenic cell death, immune checkpoint blockade, and adoptive T-cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - James J Moon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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43
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Verma S, Gupta ML. Radiation-induced hematopoietic myelosuppression and genotoxicity get significantly countered by active principles of Podophyllum hexandrum: A study in strain 'A' mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:757-70. [PMID: 26073527 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1062576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the protective role of a novel formulation, prepared by a combination of three active principles isolated from Podophyllum hexandrum (G-002M), against radiation- mediated hematopoietic suppression and cytogenetic aberrations in lethally irradiated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS G-002M, a combination of podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin-β-D glucoside and rutin, was administered intramuscularly in mice (- 1 h) to radiation (9 Gy) exposure. The animals were autopsied at different time intervals for further studies. RESULTS Loss of bone marrow progenitor cells, altered myeloid/erythroid ratio, serum erythropoietin and pancytopenia in irradiated mice was found significantly (p < 0.001) ameliorated in G-002M pre-administered mice within 30 d. Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) and BAX (Bcl-2-associated X) protein expression was also positively (p < 0.001) countered in these mice. Chromosomal aberrations in 30 d were found remarkably (p < 0.001) reduced in marrow of G-002M pretreated mice. Accelerated antioxidants, reduced DNA damage, stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and minimal cellular atrophy in spleen were some of the other key features observed in G-002M administered mice. CONCLUSIONS Reduction in hematopoietic aplasia and chromosomal aberrations, besides, early recovery in bone marrow and spleen of G-002M pretreated mice, could be attributed to its free radical scavenging, DNA protecting and apoptotic proteins modulating ability against radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Verma
- a Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) , DRDO, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi , India
| | - Manju Lata Gupta
- a Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS) , DRDO, Brig. S. K. Mazumdar Marg, Delhi , India
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Chen Y, Sun R, Wu X, Cheng M, Wei H, Tian Z. CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Inhibit Natural Killer Cell Hepatocytotoxicity of Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice via Membrane-Bound TGF-β and OX40. J Innate Immun 2015; 8:30-42. [PMID: 26067079 DOI: 10.1159/000431150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological hepatic immune responses, but the roles are not well explored in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated liver diseases. In this study, using the NK cell-mediated oversensitive liver injury model of hepatitis B virus transgenic (HBs-Tg) mice triggered by a low dose of concanavalin A, it was observed that an increased number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were accumulated in the liver, along with the recovery of liver injury. Adoptive transfer of hepatic Tregs from HBs-Tg mice but not wild B6 mice could significantly attenuate the oversensitive liver injury via inhibiting liver accumulation and decreasing NK cell group 2D-mediated activation of NK cells in the recipient HBs-Tg mice. Furthermore, upregulated expression of membrane-bound TGF-β (mTGF-β) and OX40 on hepatic Tregs were demonstrated to account for inhibiting the NK cell-mediated hepatic injury in HBs-Tg mice through cell-cell contact, confirmed by antibody blockade and cell Transwell experiments in vivo and in vitro. Our findings for the first time indicated that CD4+CD25+ Tregs directly suppressed NK cell-mediated hepatocytotoxicity through mTGF-β and OX40/OX40L interaction in a cell-cell contact manner in HBV-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, PR China
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Gong W, Shou D, Cheng F, Shi J, Ge F, Liu D. Tolerance induced by IL-6 deficient donor heart is significantly involved in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Transpl Immunol 2015; 32:72-5. [PMID: 25680847 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transplant tolerance induced by IL-6 deficient donor is supported by regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, it is unknown whether innate immunoregulatory cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are involved in the process. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we demonstrate the role of MDSCs by transplanting IL-6 deficient heart grafts into wild-type recipients in a murine allogeneic transplant model. RESULTS Our data further revealed that utilization of IL-6 deficient heart grafts could cause a significant prolongation of allograft survival (Mantel-Cox Test, p = 0.001; Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon Test, p = 0.0016) and a remarkable increase of the frequency of CD11b + Gr1(-low) in the recipients' spleens (p = 0.0028). CONCLUSIONS MDSCs rather than Th17 cells are closely involved in induced tolerance by IL-6 deficient donor heart. This unveiled mechanism of targeting IL-6 or its signaling pathway may provide a novel insight into preventing allograft rejection for non-sensitized transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Gong
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China; Department of Medicine, Transplant Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Dawei Shou
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cheng
- Center for Stem Cell and Translation Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei City, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo City, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangmin Ge
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Dahai Liu
- Center for Stem Cell and Translation Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei City, People's Republic of China.
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Dai H, Peng F, Lin M, Xia J, Yu S, Lan G, Wang Y, Xie X, Fang C, Corbascio M, Qi Z, Peng L. Anti-OX40L monoclonal antibody prolongs secondary heart allograft survival based on CD40/CD40L and LFA-1/ICAM-1 blockade. Transpl Immunol 2015; 32:84-91. [PMID: 25613092 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Memory T cells (Tms) form a barrier against long-term allograft survival; however, CD4(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) can suppress allograft rejection. The OX40/OX40L pathway is critical to the generation of Tms and turns off Treg suppressor function. METHODS B6 mice that rejected BALB/c skin grafts after 4 weeks were used as the secondary heart transplant recipients. The skin recipient mice, termed S0, S2 and S3, were treated with the isotype antibodies, anti-CD40L/LFA-1 or anti-OX40L combined with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs, respectively. The secondary heart recipients, termed H0 and H2, received anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs or not, respectively (Fig. 1). RESULTS Four weeks after primary skin transplantation, the Tms in the S3 group that received anti-OX40L with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs were reduced compared to those in the S2 group (CD4(+) Tm: 32.61 ± 2.20% in S2 vs. 25.36 ± 1.16% in S3; CD8(+) Tm: 27.76 ± 1.96% in S2 vs. 20.95 ± 1.30% in S3; P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the proportions of Tregs in S3 increased compared to those in S2 (P < 0.05). The anti-OX40L with anti-CD40L/LFA-1 mAbs group (S3H2) prolonged the mean survival time (MST) following secondary heart transplantation from 9.5 days to 21 days (P < 0.001). Furthermore, allogeneic proliferation of recipient splenic T cells and graft-infiltrating lymphocytes were significantly inhibited in the S3H2 group. Additionally, a higher level of IL-10 was detected in sera and allografts. CONCLUSIONS Anti-OX40L mAb could prolong secondary heart allograft survival based on CD40/CD40L and LFA-1/ICAM-1 blockade. The mechanism of protecting allografts using anti-OX40L mAb involved impairing the generation of Tm and up-regulating IL-10 producing Tregs, inhibiting the function of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helong Dai
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Fenghua Peng
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Minjie Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Junjie Xia
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Gongbin Lan
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Xubiao Xie
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | - Chunhua Fang
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China
| | | | - Zhongquan Qi
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Longkai Peng
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, Center of Organ Transplantation, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Piconese S, Barnaba V. Stability of Regulatory T Cells Undermined or Endorsed by Different Type-1 Cytokines. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 850:17-30. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-15774-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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48
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Baeyens A, Saadoun D, Billiard F, Rouers A, Grégoire S, Zaragoza B, Grinberg-Bleyer Y, Marodon G, Piaggio E, Salomon BL. Effector T cells boost regulatory T cell expansion by IL-2, TNF, OX40, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells depending on the immune context. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:999-1010. [PMID: 25548233 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells play a major role in peripheral tolerance. Multiple environmental factors and cell types affect their biology. Among them, activated effector CD4(+) T cells can boost Treg cell expansion through TNF or IL-2. In this study, we further characterized this effector T (Teff) cell-dependent Treg cell boost in vivo in mice. This phenomenon was observed when both Treg and Teff cells were activated by their cognate Ag, with the latter being the same or different. Also, when Treg cells highly proliferated on their own, there was no additional Treg cell boost by Teff cells. In a condition of low inflammation, the Teff cell-mediated Treg cell boost involved TNF, OX40L, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, whereas in a condition of high inflammation, it involved TNF and IL-2. Thus, this feedback mechanism in which Treg cells are highly activated by their Teff cell counterparts depends on the immune context for its effectiveness and mechanism. This Teff cell-dependent Treg cell boost may be crucial to limit inflammatory and autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Baeyens
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - David Saadoun
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Fabienne Billiard
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Angéline Rouers
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Grégoire
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Zaragoza
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yenkel Grinberg-Bleyer
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Marodon
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Benoît L Salomon
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Unité Mixte de Recherche de Santé CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France;INSERM, Unité 959 and Unité 1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France; andCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7211 and Equipe de Recherche Labellisée 8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, 75013 Paris, France
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Kang SA, Park MK, Cho MK, Park SK, Jang MS, Yang BG, Jang MH, Kim DH, Yu HS. Parasitic nematode-induced CD4+Foxp3+T cells can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3410. [PMID: 25522145 PMCID: PMC4270642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The recruitment of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T (Treg) cells is one of the most important mechanisms by which parasites down-regulate the immune system. Methodology/Principal Findings We compared the effects of Treg cells from Trichinella spiralis-infected mice and uninfected mice on experimental allergic airway inflammation in order to understand the functions of parasite-induced Treg cells. After four weeks of T. spiralis infection, we isolated Foxp3-GFP-expressing cells from transgenic mice using a cell sorter. We injected CD4+Foxp3+ cells from T. spiralis-infected [Inf(+)Foxp3+] or uninfected [Inf(-)Foxp3+] mice into the tail veins of C57BL/6 mice before the induction of inflammation or during inflammation. Inflammation was induced by ovalbumin (OVA)-alum sensitization and OVA challenge. The concentrations of the Th2-related cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid and the levels of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 in the serum were lower in mice that received intravenous application of Inf(+)Foxp3+ cells [IV(inf):+(+) group] than in control mice. Some features of allergic airway inflammation were ameliorated by the intravenous application of Inf(-)Foxp3+ cells [IV(inf):+(-) group], but the effects were less distinct than those observed in the IV(inf):+(+) group. We found that Inf(+)Foxp3+ cells migrated to inflammation sites in the lung and expressed higher levels of Treg-cell homing receptors (CCR5 and CCR9) and activation markers (Klrg1, Capg, GARP, Gzmb, OX40) than did Inf(-)Foxp3+ cells. Conclusion/Significance T. spiralis infection promotes the proliferation and functional activation of Treg cells. Parasite-induced Treg cells migrate to the inflammation site and suppress immune responses more effectively than non-parasite-induced Treg cells. The adoptive transfer of Inf(+)Foxp3+ cells is an effective method for the treatment and prevention of allergic airway diseases in mice and is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of allergic airway diseases. Many studies have investigated the down-regulation of the immune system by parasite infection. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T (Treg) cells are key players in parasite-mediated immune downregulation. Our previous study suggested that Treg cells recruited by Trichinella spiralis infection were the key cells mediating the amelioration of allergic airway inflammation in mice. In the present study, we investigated the functions of parasite-induced Treg cells using mice expressing GFP-tagged Foxp3. T. spiralis infection increased the number of Treg cells. Adoptive transfer of the parasite-induced Treg cells to mice with allergic airway inflammation ameliorated allergic airway inflammation. The transferred cells were recruited to inflammation sites in the lung. Cells from parasite-infected mice expressed higher levels of Treg-cell homing receptors and activation markers than did cells from uninfected mice. This study might help explain why immune disorders (often of unknown cause) are more prevalent among people in developed countries (areas with low parasite infection) than among those in developing countries (areas with parasite epidemics). Our finding might improve current cell therapy techniques and facilitate the development of new techniques that use parasites or parasite-borne materials to treat diverse immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Immunoregulatory therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Immunoregulatory therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyoung Cho
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyun Park
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Immunoregulatory therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seong Jang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Gie Yang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Ho Jang
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Immunoregulatory therapeutics group in Brain Busan 21 project, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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50
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Smigiel KS, Srivastava S, Stolley JM, Campbell DJ. Regulatory T-cell homeostasis: steady-state maintenance and modulation during inflammation. Immunol Rev 2014; 259:40-59. [PMID: 24712458 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a vital role in the prevention of autoimmunity and the maintenance of self-tolerance, but these cells also have an active role in inhibiting immune responses during viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. Although excessive Treg activity can lead to immunodeficiency, chronic infection, and cancer, too little Treg activity results in autoimmunity and immunopathology and impairs the quality of pathogen-specific responses. Recent studies have helped define the homeostatic mechanisms that support the diverse pool of peripheral Treg cells under steady-state conditions and delineate how the abundance and function of Treg cells changes during inflammation. These findings are highly relevant for developing effective strategies to manipulate Treg cell activity to promote allograft tolerance and treat autoimmunity, chronic infection, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Smigiel
- Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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