1
|
Ruths L, Huber-Lang M, Schulze-Tanzil G, Riegger J. Anaphylatoxins and their corresponding receptors as potential drivers in cartilage calcification during osteoarthritis progression. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:514-525. [PMID: 38242312 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The complement cascade as major fluid phase innate immune system is activated during progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Generated anaphylatoxins and the corresponding receptors C3aR and C5aR1 are associated with the calcification of blood vessels and involved in osteogenic differentiation. This study aims on elucidating whether complement activation products contribute to cartilage calcification of OA cartilage. METHOD Human articular chondrocytes were osteogenically differentiated in vitro in the presence or absence of C3a, C5a, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2. Furthermore, macroscopically intact (OARSI grade ≤ 1) and highly degenerated human cartilage (OARSI grade ≥ 3) was used for C3aR and C5aR1 histochemistry. Calcification of the cartilage was assessed by Alizarin Red S and von Kossa staining. RESULTS C3a and C5a amplified matrix mineralization during in vitro osteogenesis, while inhibition of the corresponding receptors impaired calcium deposition. Moreover, C3aR and C5aR1 expression was upregulated during osteogenic differentiation and also in degenerated cartilage. Additionally, anaphylatoxin receptor expression was positively associated with calcification of native cartilage tissue and calcium deposition during osteogenic differentiation. Finally, the pro-hypertrophic growth factor BMP2 induced the expression of C5aR1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that anaphylatoxins and their receptors play a decisive role in cartilage calcification processes during OA progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Ruths
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Wang G, Ren Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Li J, Liu H, Yang J, Xing J, Zhang Y, He C, Xu S, Hou X, Li N. Expression and function of VISTA on myeloid cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116100. [PMID: 38428824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
V-domain containing Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) is predominantly expressed on myeloid cells and functions as a ligand/receptor/soluble molecule. In inflammatory responses and immune responses, VISTA regulates multiple functions of myeloid cells, such as chemotaxis, phagocytosis, T cell activation. Since inflammation and immune responses are critical in many diseases, VISTA is a promising therapeutic target. In this review, we will describe the expression and function of VISTA on different myeloid cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells (DCs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In addition, we will discuss whether the functions of VISTA on these cells impact the disease processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Geng Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yan Ren
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jianing Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Hua Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jiaqiang Yang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Jingjun Xing
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yanru Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Canxia He
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Suling Xu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Xin Hou
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Na Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China; Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Z, Moreno-Giró À, Zhao D, Krämer A, Pandey RK, Xu B, Lundström SL, Holmdahl R. Fcgr2b and Fcgr3 are the major genetic factors for cartilage antibody-induced arthritis, overriding the effect of Hc encoding complement C5. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350659. [PMID: 38314895 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in humans, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice is associated with not only MHC class II genetic polymorphism but also, to some extent, with other loci including genes encoding Fc gamma receptors (FCGRs) and complement C5. In this study, we used a cartilage antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) model in which arthritis develops within a 12-h timeframe, to determine the relative importance of FCGRs and C5 (Hc). In CAIA, inhibiting or deleting FCGR3 substantially hindered arthritis development, underscoring the crucial role of this receptor. Blocking FCGR3 also reduced the levels of FCGR4, and vice versa. When employing an IgG1 arthritogenic cocktail that exclusively interacts with FCGR2B and FCGR3, joint inflammation was promptly initiated in Fcgr2b-- mice but not in Fcgr3-- mice, suggesting that FCGR3 is sufficient for CAIA development. Regarding complement activation, Fcgr2b++.Hc** mice with C5 mutated were fully resistant to CAIA, whereas Fcgr2b--.Hc** mice developed arthritis rapidly. We conclude that FCGR3 is essential and sufficient for CAIA development, particularly when induced by IgG1 antibodies. The human ortholog of mouse FCGR3, FCGR2A, may be associated with RA pathogenesis. FCGR2B deficiency allows for rapid arthritis progression and overrides the resistance conferred by C5 deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xu
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Àlex Moreno-Giró
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Redoxis AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danxia Zhao
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Krämer
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajan Kumar Pandey
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jia Y, Feng B, Ji X, Tian X, Zhao L, Zhou J, Zhang W, Li M, Fei Y, Wu X. Complement factor H attenuates TNF-α-induced inflammation by upregulating EIF3C in rheumatoid arthritis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:846. [PMID: 37996918 PMCID: PMC10668393 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04730-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the role and underlying mechanism of Complement Factor H (CFH) in the peripheral and joint inflammation of RA patients. METHODS The levels of CFH in the serum and synovial fluid were determined by ELISA. The pyroptosis of monocytes was determined by western blotting and flow cytometry. The inflammation cytokine release was tested by ELISA. The cell migration and invasion ability of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were tested by Wound healing Assay and transwell assay, respectively. The potential target of CFH was identified by RNA sequencing. RESULTS CFH levels were significantly elevated in the serum and synovial fluid from RA and associated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and disease activity score 28 (DAS28). TNF-α could inhibit CFH expression, and CFH combined with TNF-α significantly decreased cell death, cleaved-caspase 3, gasdermin E N-terminal (GSDME-N), and inflammatory cytokines release (IL-1β and IL-6) of RA-derived monocytes. Stimulated with TNF-α increased CFH levels in RA FLS and CFH inhibits the migration, invasion, and TNF-α-induced production of inflammatory mediators, including proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8) as well as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs, MMP1 and MMP3) of RA FLSs. The RNA-seq results showed that CFH treatment induced upregulation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (EIF3C) in both RA monocytes and FLS. The migration of RA FLSs was promoted and the expressions of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-3 were enhanced upon EIF3C knockdown under the stimulation of CFH combined with TNF-α. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we have unfolded the anti-inflammatory roles of CFH in the peripheral and joints of RA, which might provide a potential therapeutic target for RA patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Jia
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinping Tian
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Lidan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Mengtao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China
| | - Yunyun Fei
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.
- Department of Health and Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Xunyao Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu Z, Xu B, Lundström SL, Moreno-Giró À, Zhao D, Martin M, Lönnblom E, Li Q, Krämer A, Ge C, Cheng L, Liang B, Tong D, Stawikowska R, Blom AM, Fields GB, Zubarev RA, Holmdahl R. A subset of type-II collagen-binding antibodies prevents experimental arthritis by inhibiting FCGR3 signaling in neutrophils. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5949. [PMID: 37741824 PMCID: PMC10517938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41561-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involves several classes of pathogenic autoantibodies, some of which react with type-II collagen (COL2) in articular cartilage. We previously described a subset of COL2 antibodies targeting the F4 epitope (ERGLKGHRGFT) that could be regulatory. Here, using phage display, we developed recombinant antibodies against this epitope and examined the underlying mechanism of action. One of these antibodies, R69-4, protected against cartilage antibody- and collagen-induced arthritis in mice, but not autoimmune disease models independent of arthritogenic autoantibodies. R69-4 was further shown to cross-react with a large range of proteins within the inflamed synovial fluid, such as the complement protein C1q. Complexed R69-4 inhibited neutrophil FCGR3 signaling, thereby impairing downstream IL-1β secretion and neutrophil self-orchestrated recruitment. Likewise, human isotypes of R69-4 protected against arthritis with comparable efficiency. We conclude that R69-4 abrogates autoantibody-mediated arthritis mainly by hindering FCGR3 signaling, highlighting its potential clinical utility in acute RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Xu
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna L Lundström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Àlex Moreno-Giró
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Redoxis AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Danxia Zhao
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myriam Martin
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qixing Li
- Center for Medical Immunopharmacology Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alexander Krämer
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Changrong Ge
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lei Cheng
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bibo Liang
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Medical Immunopharmacology Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongmei Tong
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roma Stawikowska
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Roman A Zubarev
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Division of Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schanzenbacher J, Hendrika Kähler K, Mesler E, Kleingarn M, Marcel Karsten C, Leonard Seiler D. The role of C5a receptors in autoimmunity. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152413. [PMID: 37598588 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The complement system is an essential component of the innate immune response and plays a vital role in host defense and inflammation. Dysregulation of the complement system, particularly involving the anaphylatoxin C5a and its receptors (C5aR1 and C5aR2), has been linked to several autoimmune diseases, indicating the potential for targeted therapies. C5aR1 and C5aR2 are seven-transmembrane receptors with distinct signaling mechanisms that play both partially overlapping and opposing roles in immunity. Both receptors are expressed on a broad spectrum of immune and non-immune cells and are involved in cellular functions and physiological processes during homeostasis and inflammation. Dysregulated C5a-mediated inflammation contributes to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, antiphospholipid syndrome, and others. Therefore, targeting C5a or its receptors may yield therapeutic innovations in these autoimmune diseases by reducing the recruitment and activation of immune cells that lead to tissue inflammation and injury, thereby exacerbating the autoimmune response. Clinical trials focused on the inhibition of C5 cleavage or the C5a/C5aR1-axis using small molecules or monoclonal antibodies hold promise for bringing novel treatments for autoimmune diseases into practice. However, given the heterogeneous nature of (systemic) autoimmune diseases, there are still several challenges, such as patient selection, optimal dosing, and treatment duration, that require further investigation and development to realize the full therapeutic potential of C5a receptor inhibition, ideally in the context of a personalized medicine approach. Here, we aim to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge on the function of C5a receptors, the involvement of C5a receptors in autoimmune disorders, the molecular mechanisms underlying C5a receptor-mediated autoimmunity, and the potential for targeted therapies to modulate their activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Hendrika Kähler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Evelyn Mesler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marie Kleingarn
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Leonard Seiler
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research (ISEF), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuhn MB, VandenBerg HS, Reynolds AJ, Carson MD, Warner AJ, LaRue AC, Novince CM, Hathaway-Schrader JD. C3a-C3aR signaling is a novel modulator of skeletal homeostasis. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101662. [PMID: 36860797 PMCID: PMC9969257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmune studies have identified complement signaling as an important regulator of the skeleton. Specifically, complement anaphylatoxin receptors (i.e., C3aR, C5aR) are expressed on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, implying that C3a and/or C5a may be candidate mediators of skeletal homeostasis. The study aimed to determine how complement signaling influences bone modeling/remodeling in the young skeleton. Female C57BL/6J C3aR-/-C5aR-/- vs. wildtype and C3aR-/- vs. wildtype mice were examined at age 10 weeks. Trabecular and cortical bone parameters were analyzed by micro-CT. In situ osteoblast and osteoclast outcomes were determined by histomorphometry. Osteoblast and osteoclast precursors were assessed in vitro. C3aR-/-C5aR-/- mice displayed an increased trabecular bone phenotype at age 10 weeks. In vitro studies revealed C3aR-/-C5aR-/- vs. wildtype cultures had less bone-resorbing osteoclasts and increased bone-forming osteoblasts, which were validated in vivo. To determine whether C3aR alone was critical for the enhanced skeletal outcomes, wildtype vs. C3aR-/- mice were evaluated for osseous tissue outcomes. Paralleling skeletal findings in C3aR-/-C5aR-/- mice, C3aR-/- vs. wildtype mice had an enhanced trabecular bone volume fraction, which was attributed to increased trabecular number. There was elevated osteoblast activity and suppressed osteoclastic cells in C3aR-/- vs. wildtype mice. Furthermore, primary osteoblasts derived from wildtype mice were stimulated with exogenous C3a, which more profoundly upregulated C3ar1 and the pro-osteoclastic chemokine Cxcl1. This study introduces the C3a/C3aR signaling axis as a novel regulator of the young skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan B. Kuhn
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Hayden S. VandenBerg
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew J. Reynolds
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Matthew D. Carson
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Div. of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Div. of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amy J. Warner
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Div. of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Div. of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amanda C. LaRue
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Chad M. Novince
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Stomatology-Div. of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Div. of Endocrinology, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jessica D. Hathaway-Schrader
- Department of Stomatology-Div. of Periodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
- Research Services, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Holers VM, Frank RM, Clauw A, Seifert J, Zuscik M, Asokan S, Striebich C, Clay MR, Moreland LW, Banda NK. Potential causal role of synovial complement system activation in the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament injury or meniscus tear. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146563. [PMID: 37207197 PMCID: PMC10189880 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and meniscal tear (MT) are major causal factors for developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), but the biological mechanism(s) are uncertain. After these structural damages, the synovium could be affected by complement activation that normally occurs in response to tissue injury. We explored the presence of complement proteins, activation products, and immune cells, in discarded surgical synovial tissue (DSST) collected during arthroscopic ACL reconstructive surgery, MT-related meniscectomy and from patients with OA. Multiplexed immunohistochemistry (MIHC) was used to determine the presence of complement proteins, receptors and immune cells from ACL, MT, OA synovial tissue vs. uninjured controls. Examination of synovium from uninjured control tissues did not reveal the presence of complement or immune cells. However, DSST from patients undergoing ACL and MT repair demonstrated increases in both features. In ACL DSST, a significantly higher percentage of C4d+, CFH+, CFHR4+ and C5b-9+ synovial cells were present compared with MT DSST, but no major differences were seen between ACL and OA DSST. Increased cells expressing C3aR1 and C5aR1, and a significant increase in mast cells and macrophages, were found in ACL as compared to MT synovium. Conversely, the percentage of monocytes was increased in the MT synovium. Our data demonstrate that complement is activated in the synovium and is associated with immune cell infiltration, with a more pronounced effect following ACL as compared to MT injury. Complement activation, associated with an increase in mast cells and macrophages after ACL injury and/or MT, may contribute to the development of PTOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rachel M. Frank
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Andrew Clauw
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer Seifert
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael Zuscik
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Sakthi Asokan
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Christopher Striebich
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Michael R. Clay
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Larry W. Moreland
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Orthopedics and the Colorado Program for Musculoskeletal Research, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nirmal K. Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuhn A, Riegger J, Teixeira GQ, Huber-Lang M, Lambris JD, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Brenner RE. Terminal Complement Activation Is Induced by Factors Released from Endplate Tissue of Disc Degeneration Patients and Stimulates Expression of Catabolic Enzymes in Annulus Fibrosus Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060887. [PMID: 36980228 PMCID: PMC10047197 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Terminal complement complex (TCC) deposition was identified in human degenerated discs. To clarify the role of terminal complement activation in disc degeneration (DD), we investigated respective activating mechanisms and cellular effects in annulus fibrosus (AF) cells. Isolated cells from human AF, nucleus pulposus (NP), and endplate (EP) were stimulated with human serum alone or with zymosan and treated with either the C3 inhibitor Cp40 or the C5 antibody eculizumab. Complement activation was determined via anaphylatoxin generation and TCC deposition detection. Thereby, induced catabolic effects were evaluated in cultured AF cells. Moreover, C5 cleavage under degenerative conditions in the presence of AF cells was assessed. Zymosan-induced anaphylatoxin generation and TCC deposition was significantly suppressed by both complement inhibitors. Zymosan induced gene expression of ADAMTS4, MMP1, and COX2. Whereas the C3 blockade attenuated the expression of ADAMTS4, the C5 blockade reduced the expression of ADAMTS4, MMP1, and COX2. Direct C5 cleavage was significantly enhanced by EP conditioned medium from DD patients and CTSD. These results indicate that terminal complement activation might be functionally involved in the progression of DD. Moreover, we found evidence that soluble factors secreted by degenerated EP tissue can mediate direct C5 cleavage, thereby contributing to complement activation in degenerated discs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Kuhn
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Riegger
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Graciosa Q. Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - John D. Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Centre, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rolf E. Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)731-500-63280
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Functional Loss of Terminal Complement Complex Protects Rabbits from Injury-Induced Osteoarthritis on Structural and Cellular Level. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020216. [PMID: 36830586 PMCID: PMC9953363 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminal complement complex (TCC) has been described as a potential driver in the pathogenesis of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). However, sublytic TCC deposition might also play a crucial role in bone development and regeneration. Therefore, we elucidated the effects of TCC on joint-related tissues using a rabbit PTOA model. In brief, a C6-deficient rabbit breed was characterized on genetic, protein, and functional levels. Anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) was performed in C6-deficient (C6-/-) and C6-sufficient (C6+/-) rabbits. After eight weeks, the progression of PTOA was determined histologically. Moreover, the structure of the subchondral bone was evaluated by µCT analysis. C6 deficiency could be attributed to a homozygous 3.6 kb deletion within the C6 gene and subsequent loss of the C5b binding site. Serum from C6-/- animals revealed no hemolytic activity. After ACLT surgery, joints of C6-/- rabbits exhibited significantly lower OA scores, including reduced cartilage damage, hypocellularity, cluster formation, and osteophyte number, as well as lower chondrocyte apoptosis rates and synovial prostaglandin E2 levels. Moreover, ACLT surgery significantly decreased the trabecular number in the subchondral bone of C6-/- rabbits. Overall, the absence of TCC protected from injury-induced OA progression but had minor effects on the micro-structure of the subchondral bone.
Collapse
|
11
|
Holers VM. Contributions of animal models to mechanistic understandings of antibody-dependent disease and roles of the amplification loop. Immunol Rev 2023; 313:181-193. [PMID: 36111456 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The complement system plays an important pathophysiologic role in human diseases associated with immune or ischemic insults. In addition to understanding the effector mechanisms that are important for the biological effects of the system, substantial efforts have gone into understanding which specific complement activation pathways generate these potent effects. These approaches include the use of gene-targeted mice and specific pathway inhibitors, as well as the integration of human disease genetic and biomarker studies. In some disease states, it is quite clear that the alternate pathway plays a unique role in the initiation of the complement system. However, although initially a widely unexpected finding, it has now been shown in many tissue-based disease models and in initial human studies that engagement of the amplification loop is also essential for tissue injury when the classical and/or lectin pathways initiate pathway activation through pathogenic autoantibodies. This review provides evidence for such a conclusion through animal models, focusing on pathogenic antibody passive transfer models but also other relevant experimental systems. These data, along with initial biomarkers and clinical trial outcomes in human diseases that are associated with pathogenic autoantibodies, suggest that targeting the alternative pathway amplification loop may have near-universal therapeutic utility for tissue-based diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ruocco A, Sirico A, Novelli R, Iannelli S, Van Breda SV, Kyburz D, Hasler P, Aramini A, Amendola PG. The role of C5a-C5aR1 axis in bone pathophysiology: A mini-review. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:957800. [PMID: 36003145 PMCID: PMC9393612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.957800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a physiological, dynamic process that mainly depends on the functions of 2 cell types: osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Emerging evidence suggests that complement system is crucially involved in the regulation of functions of these cells, especially during inflammatory states. In this context, complement component 5a (C5a), a powerful pro-inflammatory anaphylatoxin that binds the receptor C5aR1, is known to regulate osteoclast formation and osteoblast inflammatory responses, and has thus been proposed as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory bone diseases. In this review, we will analyze the role of C5a-C5aR1 axis in bone physiology and pathophysiology, describing its involvement in the pathogenesis of some of the most frequent inflammatory bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, and also in osteoporosis and bone cancer and metastasis. Moreover, we will examine C5aR1-based pharmacological approaches that are available and have been tested so far for the treatment of these conditions. Given the growing interest of the scientific community on osteoimmunology, and the scarcity of data regarding the role of C5a-C5aR1 axis in bone pathophysiology, we will highlight the importance of this axis in mediating the interactions between skeletal and immune systems and its potential use as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego Kyburz
- Departement Biomedizin, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Hasler
- Division of Rheumatology, Kantonsspital Aarau AG, Aarau, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schanzenbacher J, Köhl J, Karsten CM. Anaphylatoxins spark the flame in early autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958392. [PMID: 35958588 PMCID: PMC9358992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system (CS) is an ancient and highly conserved part of the innate immune system with important functions in immune defense. The multiple fragments bind to specific receptors on innate and adaptive immune cells, the activation of which translates the initial humoral innate immune response (IR) into cellular innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of the CS has been associated with the development of several autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ANCA-associated vasculitis, and autoimmune bullous dermatoses (AIBDs), where complement drives the inflammatory response in the effector phase. The role of the CS in autoimmunity is complex. On the one hand, complement deficiencies were identified as risk factors to develop autoimmune disorders. On the other hand, activation of complement can drive autoimmune responses. The anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a are potent mediators and regulators of inflammation during the effector phase of autoimmunity through engagement of specific anaphylatoxin receptors, i.e., C3aR, C5aR1, and C5aR2 either on or in immune cells. In addition to their role in innate IRs, anaphylatoxins regulate humoral and cellular adaptive IRs including B-cell and T-cell activation, differentiation, and survival. They regulate B- and T-lymphocyte responses either directly or indirectly through the activation of anaphylatoxin receptors via dendritic cells that modulate lymphocyte function. Here, we will briefly review our current understanding of the complex roles of anaphylatoxins in the regulation of immunologic tolerance and the early events driving autoimmunity and the implications of such regulation for therapeutic approaches that target the CS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Schanzenbacher
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Christian M. Karsten
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian M. Karsten,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shoda J, Tanaka S, Etori K, Hattori K, Kasuya T, Ikeda K, Maezawa Y, Suto A, Suzuki K, Nakamura J, Maezawa Y, Takemoto M, Betsholtz C, Yokote K, Ohtori S, Nakajima H. Semaphorin 3G exacerbates joint inflammation through the accumulation and proliferation of macrophages in the synovium. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:134. [PMID: 35659346 PMCID: PMC9166515 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02817-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Methotrexate (MTX) is an anchor drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the precise mechanisms by which MTX stalls RA progression and alleviates the ensuing disease effects remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify novel therapeutic target molecules, the expression patterns of which are affected by MTX in patients with RA. Methods CD4+ T cells from 28 treatment-naïve patients with RA before and 3 months after the initiation of MTX treatment were subjected to DNA microarray analyses. The expression levels of semaphorin 3G, a differentially expressed gene, and its receptor, neuropilin-2, were evaluated in the RA synovium and collagen-induced arthritis synovium. Collagen-induced arthritis and collagen antibody-induced arthritis were induced in semaphorin3G-deficient mice and control mice, and the clinical score, histological score, and serum cytokines were assessed. The migration and proliferation of semaphorin 3G-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages were analyzed in vitro. The effect of local semaphorin 3G administration on the clinical score and number of infiltrating macrophages during collagen antibody-induced arthritis was evaluated. Results Semaphorin 3G expression in CD4+ T cells was downregulated by MTX treatment in RA patients. It was determined that semaphorin 3G is expressed in RA but not in the osteoarthritis synovium; its receptor neuropilin-2 is primarily expressed on activated macrophages. Semaphorin3G deficiency ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis and collagen antibody-induced arthritis. Semaphorin 3G stimulation enhanced the migration and proliferation of bone marrow-derived macrophages. Local administration of semaphorin 3G deteriorated collagen antibody-induced arthritis and increased the number of infiltrating macrophages. Conclusions Upregulation of semaphorin 3G in the RA synovium is a novel mechanism that exacerbates joint inflammation, leading to further deterioration, through macrophage accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeru Tanaka
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keishi Etori
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koto Hattori
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadamichi Kasuya
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kei Ikeda
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Maezawa
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akira Suto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kotaro Suzuki
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junichi Nakamura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare, Narita, Japan
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology (IGP), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology, and Gerontology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Banda NK, Deane KD, Bemis EA, Strickland C, Seifert J, Jordan K, Goldman K, Morgan BP, Moreland LW, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C, Holers VM. Analysis of Complement Gene Expression, Clinical Associations, and Biodistribution of Complement Proteins in the Synovium of Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Reveals Unique Pathophysiologic Features. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:2482-2496. [PMID: 35500934 PMCID: PMC9133225 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia and inflammation. The finding of autoantibodies in seropositive RA suggests that complement system activation might play a pathophysiologic role due to the local presence of immune complexes in the joints. Our first objective was to explore the Pathobiology of Early Arthritis Cohort (PEAC) mRNA sequencing data for correlations between clinical disease severity as measured by DAS28-ESR (disease activity score in 28 joints for erythrocyte sedimentation rate) and complement system gene expression, both in the synovium and in blood. Our second objective was to determine the biodistribution using multiplex immunohistochemical staining of specific complement activation proteins and inhibitors from subjects in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership (AMP) RA/SLE study. In the PEAC study, there were significant positive correlations between specific complement gene mRNA expression levels in the synovium and DAS28-ESR for the following complement genes: C2, FCN1, FCN3, CFB, CFP, C3AR1, C5AR1, and CR1 Additionally, there were significant negative correlations between DAS28-ESR and Colec12, C5, C6, MASP-1, CFH, and MCP In the synovium there were also significant positive correlations between DAS28-ESR and FcγR1A, FcγR1B, FcγR2A, and FcγR3A Notably, CFHR4 synovial expression was positively correlated following treatment with the DAS28-ESR at 6 mo, suggesting a role in worse therapeutic responses. The inverse correlation of C5 RNA expression in the synovium may underlie the failure of significant benefit from C5/C5aR inhibitors in clinical trials performed in patients with RA. Multiplex immunohistochemical analyses of early RA synovium reveal significant evidence of regional alterations of activation and inhibitory factors that likely promote local complement activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO;
| | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Elizabeth A Bemis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Colin Strickland
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Jennifer Seifert
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kimberly Jordan
- Human Immune Monitoring Shared Resource, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Katriona Goldman
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.; and
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Systems Immunity URI, Division of Infection and Immunity, and UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Larry W Moreland
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.; and
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.; and
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Contribution of the Immune Response in the Ileum to the Development of Diarrhoea caused by Helminth Infection: Studies with the Sheep Model. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:865-877. [PMID: 35576023 PMCID: PMC9550700 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal helminths are a global health issue, for humans as well as domestic animals. Most studies focus on the tissues that are infected with the parasite, but here we studied the ileum, a tissue that is rarely infected by helminths. We tested whether inflammation in the ileum contributes to the development and severity of diarrhoea, by comparing sheep that are susceptible (n = 4) or resistant (n = 4) to the disease. We analyzed the ileum transcriptome using RNASeq sequencing approach and various bioinformatics tools including FastQC, STAR, featureCounts, DESeq2, DAVID, clusterProfiler, Cytoscape (ClusterONE) and EnrichR. We identified 243 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 118 were up-regulated and 125 were down-regulated DEGs in the diarrhoea-susceptible animals compared to the diarrhoea-resistant animals. The resulting DEGs were functionally enriched for biological processes, pathways and gene set enrichment analysis. The up-regulated DEGs suggested that an inflammatory immune response was coupled with genes involved in 'Th2 immune response' and 'anti-inflammatory response'. The down-regulated DEGs were related to ion transport, muscle contraction and pathways preventing inflammation. We conclude that i) susceptibility to helminth-induced diarrhoea involves an inflammatory response at a non-infectious site; ii) down-regulation of pathways preventing inflammation can contribute to the severity of diarrhoea; and iii) genes involved in anti-inflammatory responses can reduce the inflammation and diarrhoea.
Collapse
|
17
|
Qiao P, Zhi D, Yu C, Zhang C, Wu K, Fang H, Shao S, Yin W, Dang E, Li K, Wang G. Activation of the C3a anaphylatoxin receptor inhibits keratinocyte proliferation by regulating keratin 6, keratin 16, and keratin 17 in psoriasis. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22322. [PMID: 35429062 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101458r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei Qiao
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Dalong Zhi
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Kunyi Wu
- Core Research Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Wen Yin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Erle Dang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Ke Li
- Core Research Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Holers VM, La Rosa FG, Banda NK. A Potential New Mouse Model of Axial Spondyloarthritis Involving the Complement System. Immune Netw 2022; 21:e45. [PMID: 35036032 PMCID: PMC8733187 DOI: 10.4110/in.2021.21.e45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis have been identified, but only a limited number are present for axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA). Collagen Ab-induced arthritis (CAIA) is one of the most widely used mouse models of arthritis, and it is complement-dependent. We found that mice developing CAIA also developed spinal lesions similar to those found in AxSpA. To induce CAIA, mice were injected intraperitoneally at day 0 with anti-collagen Abs, followed by LPS injection at day 3. CAIA mice demonstrated a significant kyphosis through the spine, as well as hypertrophic cartilage and osseous damage of the intravertebral joints. Immunohistochemical staining of the kyphotic area revealed increased complement C3 deposition and macrophage infiltration, with localization to the intravertebral joint margins. Near Infrared (NIR) in vivo imaging showed that anti-collagen Abs conjugated with IRDye® 800CW not only localized to cartilage surface in the joints but also to the spine in arthritic mice. We report here a novel preclinical mouse model in which, associated with the induction of CAIA, mice also exhibited salient features of AxSpA; this new experimental model of AxSpA may allow investigators to shed light on the local causal mechanisms of AxSpA bone and soft tissue changes as well as treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Francisco G La Rosa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bülow JM, Renz N, Haffner-Luntzer M, Fischer V, Schoppa A, Tuckermann J, Köhl J, Huber-Lang M, Ignatius A. Complement receptor C5aR1 on osteoblasts regulates osteoclastogenesis in experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1016057. [PMID: 36246887 PMCID: PMC9561253 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1016057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, evidence has accumulated that the complement system, an integral part of innate immunity, may be involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis as well as inflammatory bone loss, for example, in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Complement may also contribute to osteoporosis development, but investigation of the mechanism is limited. Using mice with a conditional deletion of the complement anaphylatoxin receptor C5aR1, we here demonstrated that C5aR1 in osteoblasts (C5aR1 Runx2-Cre mice) or osteoclasts (C5aR1 LysM-Cre mice) did not affect physiological bone turnover or age-related bone loss in either sex, as confirmed by micro-computed tomography, histomorphometry, and biomechanical analyses of the bone and by the measurement of bone turnover markers in the blood serum. When female mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX), a common model for postmenopausal osteoporosis, significant bone loss was induced in C5aR1 fl/fl and C5aR1 LysM-Cre mice, as demonstrated by a significantly reduced bone volume fraction, trabecular number and thickness as well as an increased trabecular separation in the trabecular bone compartment. Confirming this, the osteoclast number and the receptor activator of nuclear factor k-B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) serum level were significantly elevated in these mouse lines. By contrast, C5aR1 Runx2-Cre mice were protected from bone loss after OVX and the serum RANKL concentration was not increased after OVX. These data suggested that bone cell-specific C5aR1 may be redundant in bone homeostasis regulation under physiological conditions. However, C5aR1 on osteoblasts was crucial for the induction of bone resorption under osteoporotic conditions by stimulating RANKL release, whereas C5aR1 on osteoclasts did not regulate OVX-induced bone loss. Therefore, our results implicate C5aR1 on osteoblasts as a potential target for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Maria Bülow
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nikolai Renz
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Astrid Schoppa
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anita Ignatius,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ma H, Chen Y, Yu M, Chen X, Qi L, Wei S, Fan Q, Xu Q, Zhan M, Sha Z. Immune role of the complement component 6 gene and its associated novel miRNA, miR-727, in half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104156. [PMID: 34077766 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The complement component 6 (C6) gene is a component of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which causes rapid lytic destruction of bacteria. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene stability, including that of immune genes. However, current research on the function of C6 and its regulation by miRNAs is lacking. In the present study, we identified and characterized C6 and a novel miRNA, miR-727 (designated CsC6 and Cse-miR-727, respectively), of the half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) that responded to infection with Vibrio anguillarum, a Gram-negative pathogen of marine fish. The full-length cDNA of CsC6 contained a 256 bp 5' untranslated region (5'-UTR), a 2820 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 939 amino acids, and a 205 bp 3'-UTR. SMART analysis showed that CsC6 contains typical C6 domains, including three TSP1 domains, one LDLa domain, one MACPF domain, two CCP domains and two FIMAC domains. CsC6 and Cse-miR-727 are widely expressed in the 13 tissues of half-smooth tongue sole, and their expression in immune tissues is significantly changed after V. anguillarum infection, generally showing an inverse trend. We confirmed that CsC6 was the target gene of Cse-miR-727 using the dual luciferase reporter assay and that Cse-miR-727 regulated CsC6 at the protein level using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The hepatic expression levels of not only the MAC components C7, C8α, C8β, C8γ and C9 but also the MAPKs, NF-κβ, AP-1, IL1β, IL6 and TNFα, which are involved in many signaling pathways, changed significantly in half-smooth tongue sole following stimulation with the Cse-miR-727 agomir and inhibitor. This evidence suggested that CsC6 could be mediated by Cse-miR-727 to affect MAC assembly and immune signaling pathways in half-smooth tongue soles. To our best knowledge, this study is the first to investigate the regulatory mechanism and immune response of complement genes mediated by miRNAs in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Mengjun Yu
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xuejie Chen
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Longjiang Qi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shu Wei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qingxin Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhenxia Sha
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Han J, Zhang X. Complement Component C3: A Novel Biomarker Participating in the Pathogenesis of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:653293. [PMID: 34395461 PMCID: PMC8358116 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.653293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disorder worldwide. The pathological spectrum of NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) that induces progressive liver cirrhosis and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms driving the transformation of NASH are obscure. There is a compelling need for understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of NASH, and thereby providing new insight into mechanism-based therapy. Currently, several studies reported that complement system, an innate immune system, played an important role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which was also proved by our recent study. Complement component 3 (C3), a protein of the innate immune system, plays a hub role in the complement system. Herein, we present a review on the role and molecular mechanism of C3 in NASH as well as its implication in NASH diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juqiang Han
- Institute of Liver Disease, The 7th Medical Centre of Chinese People Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lacagnina MJ, Heijnen CJ, Watkins LR, Grace PM. Autoimmune regulation of chronic pain. Pain Rep 2021; 6:e905. [PMID: 33981931 PMCID: PMC8108590 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is an unpleasant and debilitating condition that is often poorly managed by existing therapeutics. Reciprocal interactions between the nervous system and the immune system have been recognized as playing an essential role in the initiation and maintenance of pain. In this review, we discuss how neuroimmune signaling can contribute to peripheral and central sensitization and promote chronic pain through various autoimmune mechanisms. These pathogenic autoimmune mechanisms involve the production and release of autoreactive antibodies from B cells. Autoantibodies-ie, antibodies that recognize self-antigens-have been identified as potential molecules that can modulate the function of nociceptive neurons and thereby induce persistent pain. Autoantibodies can influence neuronal excitability by activating the complement pathway; by directly signaling at sensory neurons expressing Fc gamma receptors, the receptors for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G immune complexes; or by binding and disrupting ion channels expressed by nociceptors. Using examples primarily from rheumatoid arthritis, complex regional pain syndrome, and channelopathies from potassium channel complex autoimmunity, we suggest that autoantibody signaling at the central nervous system has therapeutic implications for designing novel disease-modifying treatments for chronic pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Lacagnina
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cobi J. Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linda R. Watkins
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Peter M. Grace
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Culturing Articular Cartilage Explants in the Presence of Autologous Adipose Tissue Modifies Their Inflammatory Response to Lipopolysaccharide. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:8811001. [PMID: 33273890 PMCID: PMC7676937 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8811001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore the effect of autologous adipose tissue on cartilage responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We hypothesized that LPS elicits an inflammatory response in cartilage, and that response is augmented in the presence of adipose tissue. Furthermore, we hypothesized that this augmented inflammatory response is due, at least in part, to increased exposure of cartilage to adipose tissue-derived c3a. Porcine cartilage explants from market-weight pigs were cultured in the presence or absence of autologous adipose tissue for 96 hours, the final 48 hours of which they were stimulated with LPS (0 or 10 μg/mL). Adipose tissue explants were also cultured alone, in the presence or absence of LPS. Media from all cartilage treatments was assayed for c3a/c3a des Arg, PGE2, GAG, and NO, and the viability of cartilage tissue was determined by differential fluorescent staining. Media from adipose tissue explants was assayed for c3a/c3a des Arg and PGE2. LPS produced a significant increase in PGE2, GAG, and NO production when cartilage was cultured in the absence of adipose tissue. Coculture of adipose tissue prevented a significant increase in PGE2 in cartilage explants. There was no effect of adipose tissue on LPS-induced GAG or NO, but the presence of adipose tissue significantly reduced cell viability in LPS-stimulated cartilage explants. Adipose tissue explants from lean animals reduced inflammatory responses of cartilage to LPS via a c3a/c3a des Arg-independent mechanism and were associated with a significant decline in cell viability. Thus, contrary to our hypothesis, adipose tissue from lean animals does not augment the inflammatory response of cartilage to stimulation by LPS. The mechanism of modulatory effects of adipose tissue on LPS-induced increase in PGE2 and decline in chondrocyte viability requires further research but appears to have occurred via a mechanism that is independent of adipocentric c3a/c3a des Arg.
Collapse
|
24
|
Shaughnessy J, Tran Y, Zheng B, DeOliveira RB, Gulati S, Song WC, Maclean JM, Wycoff KL, Ram S. Development of Complement Factor H-Based Immunotherapeutic Molecules in Tobacco Plants Against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583305. [PMID: 33193396 PMCID: PMC7649208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutics against the global threat of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae are urgently needed. Gonococci possess several mechanisms to evade killing by human complement, including binding of factor H (FH), a key inhibitor of the alternative pathway. FH comprises 20 short consensus repeat (SCR) domains organized in a head-to-tail manner as a single chain. N. gonorrhoeae binds two regions in FH; domains 6 and 7 and domains 18 through 20. We designed a novel anti-infective immunotherapeutic molecule that fuses domains 18-20 of FH containing a D-to-G mutation in domain 19 at position 1119 (called FH*) with human IgG1 Fc. FH*/Fc retained binding to gonococci but did not lyse human erythrocytes. Expression of FH*/Fc in tobacco plants was undertaken as an alternative, economical production platform. FH*/Fc was expressed in high yields in tobacco plants (300-600 mg/kg biomass). The activities of plant- and CHO-cell produced FH*/Fc against gonococci were similar in vitro and in the mouse vaginal colonization model of gonorrhea. The addition of flexible linkers [e.g., (GGGGS)2 or (GGGGS)3] between FH* and Fc improved the bactericidal efficacy of FH*/Fc 2.7-fold. The linkers also improved PMN-mediated opsonophagocytosis about 11-fold. FH*/Fc with linker also effectively reduced the duration and burden of colonization of two gonococcal strains tested in mice. FH*/Fc lost efficacy: i) in C6-/- mice (no terminal complement) and ii) when Fc was mutated to abrogate complement activation, suggesting that an intact complement was necessary for FH*/Fc function in vivo. In summary, plant-produced FH*/Fc represent promising prophylactic or adjunctive immunotherapeutics against multidrug-resistant gonococci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Y Tran
- Planet Biotechnology, Inc., Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Bo Zheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Rosane B. DeOliveira
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sunita Gulati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Banda NK, Tomlinson S, Scheinman RI, Ho N, Ramirez JR, Mehta G, Wang G, Vu VP, Simberg D, Kulik L, Holers VM. C2 IgM Natural Antibody Enhances Inflammation and Its Use in the Recombinant Single Chain Antibody-Fused Complement Inhibitor C2-Crry to Target Therapeutics to Joints Attenuates Arthritis in Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575154. [PMID: 33178202 PMCID: PMC7596757 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural IgM antibodies (NAbs) have been shown to recognize injury-associated neoepitopes and to initiate pathogenic complement activation. The NAb termed C2 binds to a subset of phospholipids displayed on injured cells, and its role(s) in arthritis, as well as the potential therapeutic benefit of a C2 NAb-derived ScFv-containing protein fused to a complement inhibitor, complement receptor-related y (Crry), on joint inflammation are unknown. Our first objective was to functionally test mAb C2 binding to apoptotic cells from the joint and also evaluate its inflammation enhancing capacity in collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA). The second objective was to generate and test the complement inhibitory capacity of C2-Crry fusion protein in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. The third objective was to demonstrate in vivo targeting of C2-Crry to damaged joints in mice with arthritis. The effect of C2-NAb on CAIA in C57BL/6 mice was examined by inducing a suboptimal disease. The inhibitory effect of C2-Crry in DBA/1J mice with CIA was determined by injecting 2x per week with a single dose of 0.250 mg/mouse. Clinical disease activity (CDA) was examined, and knee joints were fixed for analysis of histopathology, C3 deposition, and macrophage infiltration. In mice with suboptimal CAIA, at day 10 there was a significant (p < 0.017) 74% increase in the CDA in mice treated with C2 NAb, compared to mice treated with F632 control NAb. In mice with CIA, at day 35 there was a significant 39% (p < 0.042) decrease in the CDA in mice treated with C2-Crry. Total scores for histopathology were also 50% decreased (p < 0.0005) in CIA mice treated with C2-Crry. C3 deposition was significantly decreased in the synovium (44%; p < 0.026) and on the surface of cartilage (42%; p < 0.008) in mice treated with C2-Crry compared with PBS treated CIA mice. Furthermore, C2-Crry specifically bound to apoptotic fibroblast-like synoviocytes in vitro, and also localized in the knee joints of arthritic mice as analyzed by in vivo imaging. In summary, NAb C2 enhanced arthritis-related injury, and targeted delivery of C2-Crry to inflamed joints demonstrated disease modifying activity in a mouse model of human inflammatory arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Robert I Scheinman
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nhu Ho
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Joseline Ramos Ramirez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Gaurav Mehta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Guankui Wang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Vivian Pham Vu
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Liudmila Kulik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li SM, Li B, Zhang L, Zhang GF, Sun J, Ji MH, Yang JJ. A complement-microglial axis driving inhibitory synapse related protein loss might contribute to systemic inflammation-induced cognitive impairment. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106814. [PMID: 32707491 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic inflammation induces cognitive impairments via unclear mechanisms. Increasing evidence has suggested complement C3/C3a receptor signaling, a key component of innate immune pathogen defense, plays an important role in cognition and neurodegeneration, whereas its dysfunction is implicated in many neurological disorders. However, it remains unclear whether complement C3/C3a receptor signaling was involved in systemic inflammation-induced cognitive impairments. In the present study, we showed that hippocampal complement C3 levels in astrocytes and C3a receptor expressions in microglia were specifically up-regulated after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Interestingly, LPS selectively induced inhibitory but not excitatory synapse related protein loss. Notably, C3a receptor antagonist SB290157 trifluoroacetate attenuated LPS-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and inhibitory synapse related protein loss, contributing to improved cognitive function. In conclusion, our study suggests that complement C3/C3a receptor signaling plays a key role in LPS-induced cognitive impairments, which may serve a therapeutic target for systemic inflammation related cognitive disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ming Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang-Fen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mu-Huo Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lewis BJ, Branch DR. Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis for Studies on Immunopathogenesis and Preclinical Testing of Fc Receptor-Targeting Biologics. Pharmacology 2020; 105:618-629. [DOI: 10.1159/000508239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, swelling, and pain in the joints and involves systemic complications. Mouse models of RA have been extensively used to model the pathogenesis of RA and to develop effective therapies. Although many components of the immune system have been studied in these models, the role of crystallizable fragment (Fc) gamma receptors (FcγRs) in RA has been sorely neglected. The aim of this review was to introduce the different mouse models of RA and to describe the different drug development strategies that have been tested in these models to target FcγR function, with the focus being on drugs that have been made from the Fc of immunoglobulin G (IgG). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Evidence suggests that FcγRs play a major role in immune complex-induced inflammation in autoimmune diseases, such as RA. However, there is limited knowledge on the importance of FcγRs in the human disease even though there has been extensive work in mouse models of RA. Numerous mouse models of RA are available, with each model depicting certain aspects of the disease. Induced models of RA have nonspecific immune activation with cartilage-directed autoimmunity, whereas spontaneous models of RA develop without immunization, which results in a more chronic form of arthritis. These models have been used to test FcγR-targeting monoclonal antibodies, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), subcutaneously administered IVIg, and recombinant Fcs for their ability to interact with and modify FcγR function. Recombinant Fcs avidly bind FcγRs and exhibit enhanced therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of RA. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> The therapeutic utility of targeting FcγRs with recombinant Fcs is great and should be explored in human clinical trials for autoimmune diseases, such as RA.
Collapse
|
28
|
Díaz-Rodríguez SM, López-López D, Herrero-Turrión MJ, Gómez-Nieto R, Canal-Alonso A, Lopéz DE. Inferior Colliculus Transcriptome After Status Epilepticus in the Genetically Audiogenic Seizure-Prone Hamster GASH/Sal. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:508. [PMID: 32528245 PMCID: PMC7264424 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Genetic Audiogenic Seizure Hamster from Salamanca (GASH/Sal), an animal model of reflex epilepsy, exhibits generalized tonic–clonic seizures in response to loud sound with the epileptogenic focus localized in the inferior colliculus (IC). Ictal events in seizure-prone strains cause gene deregulation in the epileptogenic focus, which can provide insights into the epileptogenic mechanisms. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the expression profile of key genes in the IC of the GASH/Sal after the status epilepticus. For such purpose, we used RNA-Seq to perform a comparative study between the IC transcriptome of GASH/Sal and that of control hamsters both subjected to loud sound stimulation. After filtering for normalization and gene selection, a total of 36 genes were declared differentially expressed from the RNA-seq analysis in the IC. A set of differentially expressed genes were validated by RT-qPCR showing significant differentially expression between GASH/Sal hamsters and Syrian control hamsters. The confirmed differentially expressed genes were classified on ontological categories associated with epileptogenic events similar to those produced by generalized tonic seizures in humans. Subsequently, based on the result of metabolomics, we found the interleukin-4 and 13-signaling, and nucleoside transport as presumably altered routes in the GASH/Sal model. This research suggests that seizures in GASH/Sal hamsters are generated by multiple molecular substrates, which activate biological processes, molecular processes, cellular components and metabolic pathways associated with epileptogenic events similar to those produced by tonic seizures in humans. Therefore, our study supports the use of the GASH/Sal as a valuable animal model for epilepsy research, toward establishing correlations with human epilepsy and searching new biomarkers of epileptogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Díaz-Rodríguez
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel J Herrero-Turrión
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Neurological Tissue Bank INCYL (BTN-INCYL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gómez-Nieto
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Angel Canal-Alonso
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Dolores E Lopéz
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Department of Cellular Biology and Pathology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Metzemaekers M, Gouwy M, Proost P. Neutrophil chemoattractant receptors in health and disease: double-edged swords. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:433-450. [PMID: 32238918 PMCID: PMC7192912 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are frontline cells of the innate immune system. These effector leukocytes are equipped with intriguing antimicrobial machinery and consequently display high cytotoxic potential. Accurate neutrophil recruitment is essential to combat microbes and to restore homeostasis, for inflammation modulation and resolution, wound healing and tissue repair. After fulfilling the appropriate effector functions, however, dampening neutrophil activation and infiltration is crucial to prevent damage to the host. In humans, chemoattractant molecules can be categorized into four biochemical families, i.e., chemotactic lipids, formyl peptides, complement anaphylatoxins and chemokines. They are critically involved in the tight regulation of neutrophil bone marrow storage and egress and in spatial and temporal neutrophil trafficking between organs. Chemoattractants function by activating dedicated heptahelical G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In addition, emerging evidence suggests an important role for atypical chemoattractant receptors (ACKRs) that do not couple to G proteins in fine-tuning neutrophil migratory and functional responses. The expression levels of chemoattractant receptors are dependent on the level of neutrophil maturation and state of activation, with a pivotal modulatory role for the (inflammatory) environment. Here, we provide an overview of chemoattractant receptors expressed by neutrophils in health and disease. Depending on the (patho)physiological context, specific chemoattractant receptors may be up- or downregulated on distinct neutrophil subsets with beneficial or detrimental consequences, thus opening new windows for the identification of disease biomarkers and potential drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1042, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1042, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 bus 1042, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Khan MA, Shamma T, Kazmi S, Altuhami A, Ahmed HA, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Hypoxia-induced complement dysregulation is associated with microvascular impairments in mouse tracheal transplants. J Transl Med 2020; 18:147. [PMID: 32234039 PMCID: PMC7110829 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complement Regulatory Proteins (CRPs), especially CD55 primarily negate complement factor 3-mediated injuries and maintain tissue homeostasis during complement cascade activation. Complement activation and regulation during alloimmune inflammation contribute to allograft injury and therefore we proposed to investigate a crucial pathological link between vascular expression of CD55, active-C3, T cell immunity and associated microvascular tissue injuries during allograft rejection. METHODS Balb/c→C57BL/6 allografts were examined for microvascular deposition of CD55, C3d, T cells, and associated tissue microvascular impairments during rejection in mouse orthotopic tracheal transplantation. RESULTS Our findings demonstrated that hypoxia-induced early activation of HIF-1α favors a cell-mediated inflammation (CD4+, CD8+, and associated proinflammatory cytokines, IL-2 and TNF-α), which proportionally triggers the downregulation of CRP-CD55, and thereby augments the uncontrolled release of active-C3, and Caspase-3 deposition on CD31+ graft vascular endothelial cells. These molecular changes are pathologically associated with microvascular deterioration (low tissue O2 and Blood flow) and subsequent airway epithelial injuries of rejecting allografts as compared to non-rejecting syngrafts. CONCLUSION Together, these findings establish a pathological correlation between complement dysregulation, T cell immunity, and microvascular associated injuries during alloimmune inflammation in transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afzal Khan
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Talal Shamma
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Altuhami
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hala Abdalrahman Ahmed
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Assiri
- Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter Clemens Broering
- Organ Transplant Research Section, Comparative Medicine Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kang EH, Ha YJ, Lee YJ. Autoantibody Biomarkers in Rheumatic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041382. [PMID: 32085664 PMCID: PMC7073052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies encountered in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases bear clinical significance as a biomarker to help or predict diagnosis, clinical phenotypes, prognosis, and treatment decision-making. Furthermore, evidence has accumulated regarding the active involvement of disease-specific or disease-associated autoantibodies in the pathogenic process beyond simple association with the disease, and such knowledge has become essential for us to better understand the clinical value of autoantibodies as a biomarker. This review will focus on the current update on the autoantibodies of four rheumatic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, systemic sclerosis, and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis) where there has been a tremendous progress in our understanding on their biological effects and clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ha Kang
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-J.H.); (Y.J.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-787-7048; Fax: +82-31-787-4511
| | - You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-J.H.); (Y.J.L.)
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea; (Y.-J.H.); (Y.J.L.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Production of a bispecific antibody targeting TNF-α and C5a in Pichia pastoris and its therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:557-569. [PMID: 32040674 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an alternative therapeutic modality for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) targeting human tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and human complement component C5a was constructed. RESULTS BsAb was expressed in Pichia pastoris and secreted into the culture medium as a functional protein. In vitro functional study demonstrated that BsAb could simultaneously bind to TNF-α and C5a and neutralize their biological actions. Furthermore, BsAb showed significant improvements in both the antigen-binding affinity and the neutralizing ability as compared to its original antibodies produced in E. coli. It was also found that TNF-α and C5a had an additive/synergistic effect on promoting the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and C5a receptor (C5aR) expression in human macrophages. Compared to single inhibition of TNF-α or C5a with respective antibody, BsAb showed a superior efficacy in blocking inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and C5aR response, as well as in lowering the C5a-mediated chemotaxis of macrophages via C5aR in vitro. CONCLUSIONS With improved production processing and the ability to simultaneously block TNF-α and C5a action, BsAb has a great potential to be developed into a therapeutic agent and may offer a better therapeutic index for RA.
Collapse
|
33
|
C3a elicits unique migratory responses in immature low-density neutrophils. Oncogene 2020; 39:2612-2623. [PMID: 32020055 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the immune system's first line of defense and are rapidly recruited into inflamed tissue. In cancer associated inflammation, phenotypic heterogeneity has been ascribed to this cell type, whereby neutrophils can manifest anti- or pro-metastatic functions depending on the cellular/micro-environmental context. Here, we demonstrate that pro-metastatic immature low-density neutrophils (iLDNs) more efficiently accumulate in the livers of mice bearing metastatic lesions compared with anti-metastatic mature high-density neutrophils (HDNs). Transcriptomic analyses reveal enrichment of a migration signature in iLDNs relative to HDNs. We find that conditioned media derived from liver-metastatic breast cancer cells, but not lung-metastatic variants, specifically induces chemotaxis of iLDNs and not HDNs. Chemotactic responses are due to increased surface expression of C3aR in iLDNs relative to HDNs. In addition, we detect elevated secretion of cancer-cell derived C3a from liver-metastatic versus lung-metastatic breast cancer cells. Perturbation of C3a/C3aR signaling axis with either a small molecule inhibitor, SB290157, or reducing the levels of secreted C3a from liver-metastatic breast cancer cells by short hairpin RNAs, can abrogate the chemotactic response of iLDNs both in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Together, these data reveal novel mechanisms through which iLDNs prefentially accumulate in liver tissue harboring metastases in response to tumor-derived C3a secreted from the liver-aggressive 4T1 breast cancer cells.
Collapse
|
34
|
D'Angelo R, Mangini M, Fonderico J, Fulle S, Mayo E, Aramini A, Mariggiò S. Inhibition of osteoclast activity by complement regulation with DF3016A, a novel small-molecular-weight C5aR inhibitor. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 123:109764. [PMID: 31901551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent insights have indicated an active role of the complex complement system not only in immunity, but also in bone remodeling. Evidence from knockout mice and observations from skeletal diseases have drawn attention to the C5a/C5aR axis of the complement cascade in the modulation of osteoclast functions and as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of bone pathologies. With the aim to identify novel C5aR regulators, a medicinal chemistry program was initiated, driven by structural information on a minor pocket of C5aR that has been proposed to be a key motif for C5aR intracellular activation. The impact of the peptidomimetic orthosteric C5aR antagonist (PMX-53), of two newly synthesized allosteric C5aR antagonists (DF2593A, DF3016A), and of C5aR down-regulation by specific siRNAs, were examined for regulation of osteoclastogenesis, using a well-validated in-vitro model starting from RAW264.7 precursor cells. Both pharmacological and molecular approaches reduced osteoclast maturation of RAW264.7 cells induced by receptor-activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), which limited the transcription of several differentiation markers evaluated by real-time PCR, including nuclear factor of activated T-cell 1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, cathepsin-K, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. These treatments were ineffective on the subsequent step of osteoclast syncytium formation, apparently as a consequence of reduction of C5aR mRNA levels in the course of osteoclastogenesis, as monitored by real-time PCR. Among the C5aR antagonists analyzed, DF3016A inhibited osteoclast degradation activity through inhibition of C5aR signal transduction and transcription. These data confirm the preclinical relevance of this novel therapeutic candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa D'Angelo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Mangini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Jole Fonderico
- Dept Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Dept Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Emilia Mayo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Aramini
- Research and Early Development Dompé Farmaceutici S.p.A, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Mariggiò
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rai MF, Pan H, Yan H, Sandell LJ, Pham CTN, Wickline SA. Applications of RNA interference in the treatment of arthritis. Transl Res 2019; 214:1-16. [PMID: 31351032 PMCID: PMC6848781 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism for post-transcriptional gene regulation mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA. siRNA-based therapy holds significant promise for the treatment of a wide-range of arthritic diseases. siRNA selectively suppresses the expression of a gene product and can thus achieve the specificity that is lacking in small molecule inhibitors. The potential use of siRNA-based therapy in arthritis, however, has not progressed to clinical trials despite ample evidence for efficacy in preclinical studies. One of the main challenges to clinical translation is the lack of a suitable delivery vehicle to efficiently and safely access diverse pathologies. Moreover, the ideal targets in treatment of arthritides remain elusive given the complexity and heterogeneity of these disease pathogeneses. Herein, we review recent preclinical studies that use RNAi-based drug delivery systems to mitigate inflammation in models of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. We discuss a self-assembling peptide-based nanostructure that demonstrates the potential of overcoming many of the critical barriers preventing the translation of this technology to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Huimin Yan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda J Sandell
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christine T N Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of South Florida Health Heart Institute, Morsani School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Broughton TWK, ElTanbouly MA, Schaafsma E, Deng J, Sarde A, Croteau W, Li J, Nowak EC, Mabaera R, Smits NC, Kuta A, Noelle RJ, Lines JL. Defining the Signature of VISTA on Myeloid Cell Chemokine Responsiveness. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2641. [PMID: 31803182 PMCID: PMC6877598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of negative checkpoint regulators (NCRs) in human health and disease cannot be overstated. V-domain Ig-containing Suppressor of T-cell Activation (VISTA) is an Ig superfamily protein predominantly expressed within the hematopoietic compartment and has been studied for its role in the negative regulation of T cell responses. The findings presented in this study show that, unlike all other NCRs, VISTA deficiency dramatically impacts on macrophage cytokine and chemokine production, as well as the chemotactic response of VISTA-deficient macrophages. A select group of inflammatory chemokines, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, was strikingly elevated in culture supernatants from VISTA KO macrophages. VISTA deficiency also altered chemokine receptor recycling and profoundly disrupted myeloid chemotaxis. The impact of VISTA deficiency on chemotaxis in vivo was apparent with the reduced ability of both KO macrophages and MDSCs to migrate to the tumor microenvironment. This is the first demonstration of an NCR impacting on myeloid mediator production and chemotaxis, and will guide the use of anti-VISTA therapeutics to manipulate the chemotaxis of inflammatory macrophages or immunosuppressive MDSCs in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W. K. Broughton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Division of Transplantation Immunology & Mucosal Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed A. ElTanbouly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Evelien Schaafsma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Jie Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Aurélien Sarde
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Walburga Croteau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Jiannan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Nowak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Rodwell Mabaera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Section of Hematology and Oncology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Nicole C. Smits
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Anna Kuta
- Immunext Corp., Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Randolph J. Noelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - J. Louise Lines
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang X, Iyer A, Lyons AB, Körner H, Wei W. Emerging Roles for G-protein Coupled Receptors in Development and Activation of Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2031. [PMID: 31507616 PMCID: PMC6718513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have emerged as a key component of the innate immune system that emigrates to peripheral tissues during gestation and in the adult organism. Their complex pathway to maturity, their unique plasticity and their various roles as effector and regulatory cells during an immune response have been the focus of intense research. A class of surface molecules, the G-Protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) play important roles in many immune processes. They have drawn attention in regard to these functions and the potential for therapeutic targets that can modulate the response of immune cells in pathologies such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, and chronic inflammatory diseases. Of the more than 800 GPCRs identified, ~100 are currently targeted with drugs which have had their activity investigated in vivo. Macrophages express a number of GPCRs which have central roles during cell differentiation and in the regulation of their functions. While some macrophage GPCRs such as chemokine receptors have been studied in great detail, the roles of other receptors of this large family are still not well understood. This review summarizes new insights into macrophage biology, differences of human, and mouse macrophages and gives details of some of the GPCRs expressed by this cell type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Abishek Iyer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Bruce Lyons
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Antovic A, Mobarrez F, Manojlovic M, Soutari N, De Porta Baggemar V, Nordin A, Bruchfeld A, Vojinovic J, Gunnarsson I. Microparticles Expressing Myeloperoxidase and Complement C3a and C5a as Markers of Renal Involvement in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis. J Rheumatol 2019; 47:714-721. [PMID: 31371653 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.181347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate expression of terminal complement components C3a and C5a on circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive microparticles (MPO+MP) in relation to disease activity and renal involvement in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). METHODS Forty-six clinically well-characterized patients with AAV and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. The concentration of MPO+MP expressing C3a and C5a was analyzed from citrate plasma by flow cytometry. Serum levels of C3a and C5a were determined using commercial ELISA. The assessment of vasculitis disease activity was performed using the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). Among patients, 23 had active disease with BVAS ≥ 2 and 14 patients had active renal flares. RESULTS AAV patients had significantly increased expression of C3a and C5a on MPO+MP compared to controls (both p < 0.0001). When the group of patients with active AAV was divided according to the presence of renal activity, the concentration of MPO+MP expressing C3a and C5a was significantly higher in patients with renal involvement compared to patients with nonrenal disease and controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The serum levels of C3a were significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in the renal subgroup, while there were no changes in serum levels of C5a comparing the renal and nonrenal groups. There was significant correlation between the disease activity measured by BVAS and the levels of C3a and C5a expressed on MPO+MP. CONCLUSION Determination of C3a and C5a on MPO+MP might be considered as a novel biomarker of renal involvement in patients with AAV and may be of importance in the pathogenetic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Antovic
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia. .,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital.
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Milena Manojlovic
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Nida Soutari
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Victoria De Porta Baggemar
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Annica Nordin
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Annette Bruchfeld
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Jelena Vojinovic
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- From the Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, and Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet; Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital, Renal Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.,A. Antovic, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; F. Mobarrez, PhD, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University; M. Manojlovic, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; N. Soutari, BMS, MS, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet; V. De Porta Baggemar, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Nordin, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital; A. Bruchfeld, MD, PhD, Renal Medicine, CLINTEC Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet; J. Vojinovic, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Niš; I. Gunnarsson, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- Arnold R. Brody
- Department of Pathology, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fridkis-Hareli M, Storek M, Or E, Altman R, Katti S, Sun F, Peng T, Hunter J, Johnson K, Wang Y, Lundberg AS, Mehta G, Banda NK, Michael Holers V. The human complement receptor type 2 (CR2)/CR1 fusion protein TT32, a novel targeted inhibitor of the classical and alternative pathway C3 convertases, prevents arthritis in active immunization and passive transfer mouse models. Mol Immunol 2018; 105:150-164. [PMID: 30513451 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Complement activation in human diseases is characterized by the local covalent deposition of the long-lived C3 fragments iC3b/C3dg/C3d. Previously, TT30, a complement alternative pathway (AP)-selective inhibitor, was designed as a fusion protein linking the first four short consensus repeats (SCRs) of human complement receptor type 2 (CR2) with the first five SCRs of human factor H (fH). TT30 acts by utilizing CR2 SCR1-4 to bind the initially formed iC3b/C3dg/C3d fragments and delivering surface-targeted inhibition of AP C3 and C5 convertases through fH SCR 1-5. In order to combine classical (CP) and lectin (LP) pathway inhibitory abilities employing CR2-mediated targeting, TT32 was developed. TT32 is a CR2-CR1 fusion protein using the first ten SCRs of CR1, chosen because they contain both C3 and C5 convertase inhibitory activity through utilization of decay-acceleration and cofactor activity for both AP and CP. In Wieslab assays, TT32 showed potent inhibition of the CP and AP with IC50 of 11 and 46 nM, respectively. The TT32 inhibitory activity is partially blocked with a molar excess of a competing anti-CR2 mAb, thus demonstrating the importance of the CR2 targeting. TT32 was studied in the type II (CII) collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an active immunization model, and the CII antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) passive transfer model. In CIA, injection of 2.0 mg TT32 at day 21 and 28 post disease induction, but not untargeted CR1 alone, resulted in a 51.5% decrease in clinical disease activity (CDA). In CAIA, treatment with TT32 resulted in a 47.4% decrease in CDA. Therefore, a complement inhibitor that targets both the AP and CP/LP C3/C5 convertases was shown to limit complement-mediated tissue damage and inflammation in disease models in which all three complement activation pathways are implicated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Storek
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Eran Or
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Richard Altman
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Suresh Katti
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Fang Sun
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Jeff Hunter
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Krista Johnson
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ante S Lundberg
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, 100 College street New Haven CT, 06510, USA
| | - Gaurav Mehta
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Nirmal K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - V Michael Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mödinger Y, Rapp AE, Vikman A, Ren Z, Fischer V, Bergdolt S, Haffner-Luntzer M, Song WC, Lambris JD, Huber-Lang M, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Brenner RE, Ignatius A. Reduced Terminal Complement Complex Formation in Mice Manifests in Low Bone Mass and Impaired Fracture Healing. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 189:147-161. [PMID: 30339839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The terminal complement complex (TCC) is formed on activation of the complement system, a crucial arm of innate immunity. TCC formation on cell membranes results in a transmembrane pore leading to cell lysis. In addition, sublytic TCC concentrations can modulate various cellular functions. TCC-induced effects may play a role in the pathomechanisms of inflammatory disorders of the bone, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the TCC on bone turnover and repair. Mice deficient for complement component 6 (C6), an essential component for TCC assembly, and mice with a knockout of CD59, which is a negative regulator of TCC formation, were used in this study. The bone phenotype was analyzed in vivo, and bone cell behavior was analyzed ex vivo. In addition, the mice were subjected to a femur osteotomy. Under homeostatic conditions, C6-deficient mice displayed a reduced bone mass, mainly because of increased osteoclast activity. After femur fracture, the inflammatory response was altered and bone formation was disturbed, which negatively affected the healing outcome. By contrast, CD59-knockout mice only displayed minor skeletal alterations and uneventful bone healing, although the early inflammatory reaction to femur fracture was marginally enhanced. These results demonstrate that TCC-mediated effects regulate bone turnover and promote an adequate response to fracture, contributing to an uneventful healing outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mödinger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna E Rapp
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Vikman
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Zhaozhou Ren
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Verena Fischer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stephanie Bergdolt
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Rolf E Brenner
- Division for Biochemistry of Joint and Connective Tissue Diseases, Department of Orthopedics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mödinger Y, Rapp A, Pazmandi J, Vikman A, Holzmann K, Haffner-Luntzer M, Huber-Lang M, Ignatius A. C5aR1 interacts with TLR2 in osteoblasts and stimulates the osteoclast-inducing chemokine CXCL10. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6002-6014. [PMID: 30247799 PMCID: PMC6237570 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphylatoxin C5a is generated upon activation of the complement system, a crucial arm of innate immunity. C5a mediates proinflammatory actions via the C5a receptor C5aR1 and thereby promotes host defence, but also modulates tissue homeostasis. There is evidence that the C5a/C5aR1 axis is critically involved both in physiological bone turnover and in inflammatory conditions affecting bone, including osteoarthritis, periodontitis, and bone fractures. C5a induces the migration and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines of osteoblasts. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Therefore, in this study we aimed to determine C5a‐mediated downstream signalling in osteoblasts. Using a whole‐genome microarray approach, we demonstrate that C5a activates mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and regulates the expression of genes involved in pathways related to insulin, transforming growth factor‐β and the activator protein‐1 transcription factor. Interestingly, using coimmunoprecipitation, we found an interaction between C5aR1 and Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) in osteoblasts. The C5aR1‐ and TLR2‐signalling pathways converge on the activation of p38 MAPK and the generation of C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10, which functions, among others, as an osteoclastogenic factor. In conclusion, C5a‐stimulated osteoblasts might modulate osteoclast activity and contribute to immunomodulation in inflammatory bone disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mödinger
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anna Rapp
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Pazmandi
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Vikman
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma-Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, Trauma Research Center Ulm, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mödinger Y, Löffler B, Huber-Lang M, Ignatius A. Complement involvement in bone homeostasis and bone disorders. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:53-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
44
|
Holers VM, Banda NK. Complement in the Initiation and Evolution of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1057. [PMID: 29892280 PMCID: PMC5985368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a major component of the immune system and plays a central role in many protective immune processes, including circulating immune complex processing and clearance, recognition of foreign antigens, modulation of humoral and cellular immunity, removal of apoptotic and dead cells, and engagement of injury resolving and tissue regeneration processes. In stark contrast to these beneficial roles, however, inadequately controlled complement activation underlies the pathogenesis of human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where the cartilage, bone, and synovium are targeted. Recent studies of this disease have demonstrated that the autoimmune response evolves over time in an asymptomatic preclinical phase that is associated with mucosal inflammation. Notably, experimental models of this disease have demonstrated that each of the three major complement activation pathways plays an important role in recognition of injured joint tissue, although the lectin and amplification pathways exhibit particularly impactful roles in the initiation and amplification of damage. Herein, we review the complement system and focus on its multi-factorial role in human patients with RA and experimental murine models. This understanding will be important to the successful integration of the emerging complement therapeutics pipeline into clinical care for patients with RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nirmal K. Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sadik CD, Miyabe Y, Sezin T, Luster AD. The critical role of C5a as an initiator of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune inflammation of the joint and skin. Semin Immunol 2018; 37:21-29. [PMID: 29602515 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The deposition of IgG autoantibodies in peripheral tissues and the subsequent activation of the complement system, which leads to the accumulation of the anaphylatoxin C5a in these tissues, is a common hallmark of diverse autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and pemphigoid diseases (PDs). C5a is a potent chemoattractant for granulocytes and mice deficient in its precursor C5 or its receptor C5aR1 are resistant to granulocyte recruitment and, consequently, to tissue inflammation in several models of autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanism whereby C5a/C5aR regulates granulocyte recruitment in these diseases has remained elusive. Mechanistic studies over the past five years into the role of C5a/C5aR1 in the K/BxN serum arthritis mouse model have provided novel insights into the mechanisms C5a/C5aR1 engages to initiate granulocyte recruitment into the joint. It is now established that the critical actions of C5a/C5aR1 do not proceed in the joint itself, but on the luminal endothelial surface of the joint vasculature, where C5a/C5aR1 mediate the arrest of neutrophils on the endothelium by activating β2 integrin. Then, C5a/C5aR1 induces the release of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) from the arrested neutrophils. The latter, subsequently, initiates by autocrine/paracrine actions via its receptor BLT1 the egress of neutrophils from the blood vessel lumen into the interstitial. Compelling evidence suggests that this C5a/C5aR1-LTB4/BLT1 axis driving granulocyte recruitment in arthritis may represent a more generalizable biological principle critically regulating effector cell recruitment in other IgG autoantibody-induced diseases, such as in pemphigoid diseases. Thus, dual inhibition of C5a and LTB4, as implemented in nature by the lipocalin coversin in the soft-tick Ornithodoros moubata, may constitute a most effective therapeutic principle for the treatment of IgG autoantibody-driven diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sadik
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanya Sezin
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy, and Venereology University of Lübeck, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mihai S, Hirose M, Wang Y, Thurman JM, Holers VM, Morgan BP, Köhl J, Zillikens D, Ludwig RJ, Nimmerjahn F. Specific Inhibition of Complement Activation Significantly Ameliorates Autoimmune Blistering Disease in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:535. [PMID: 29616034 PMCID: PMC5865061 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an antibody-mediated blistering skin disease associated with tissue-bound and circulating autoantibodies to type VII collagen (COL7). Transfer of antibodies against COL7 into mice results in a subepidermal blistering phenotype, strictly depending on the complement component C5. Further, activation predominantly by the alternative pathway is required to induce experimental EBA, as blistering was delayed and significantly ameliorated only in factor B-/- mice. However, C5 deficiency not only blocked the activation of terminal complement components and assembly of the membrane attack complex (MAC) but also eliminated the formation of C5a. Therefore, in the present study, we first aimed to elucidate which molecules downstream of C5 are relevant for blister formation in this EBA model and could be subsequently pharmaceutically targeted. For this purpose, we injected mice deficient in C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) or C6 with antibodies to murine COL7. Importantly, C5ar1-/- mice were significantly protected from experimental EBA, demonstrating that C5a-C5aR1 interactions are critical intermediates linking pathogenic antibodies to tissue damage in this experimental model of EBA. By contrast, C6-/- mice developed widespread blistering disease, suggesting that MAC is dispensable for blister formation in this model. In further experiments, we tested the therapeutic potential of inhibitors of complement components which were identified to play a key role in this experimental model. Complement components C5, factor B (fB), and C5aR1 were specifically targeted using complement inhibitors both prophylactically and in mice that had already developed disease. All complement inhibitors led to a significant improvement of the blistering phenotype when injected shortly before anti-COL7 antibodies. To simulate a therapeutic intervention, anti-fB treatment was first administered in full-blown EBA (day 5) and induced significant amelioration only in the final phase of disease evolution, suggesting that early intervention in disease development may be necessary to achieve higher efficacy. Anti-C5 treatment in incipient EBA (day 2) significantly ameliorated disease during the whole experiment. This finding is therapeutically relevant, since the humanized anti-C5 antibody eculizumab is already successfully used in patients. In conclusion, in this study, we have identified promising candidate molecules for complement-directed therapeutic intervention in EBA and similar autoantibody-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidonia Mihai
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Misa Hirose
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yi Wang
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Cheshire, CT, United States
| | - Joshua M Thurman
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - V Michael Holers
- Departments of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, United States
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jörg Köhl
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Detlef Zillikens
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Institute of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nandakumar KS. Targeting IgG in Arthritis: Disease Pathways and Therapeutic Avenues. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E677. [PMID: 29495570 PMCID: PMC5877538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a polygenic and multifactorial syndrome. Many complex immunological and genetic interactions are involved in the final outcome of the clinical disease. Autoantibodies (rheumatoid factors, anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies) are present in RA patients' sera for a long time before the onset of clinical disease. Prior to arthritis onset, in the autoantibody response, epitope spreading, avidity maturation, and changes towards a pro-inflammatory Fc glycosylation phenotype occurs. Genetic association of epitope specific autoantibody responses and the induction of inflammation dependent and independent changes in the cartilage by pathogenic autoantibodies emphasize the crucial contribution of antibody-initiated inflammation in RA development. Targeting IgG by glyco-engineering, bacterial enzymes to specifically cleave IgG/alter N-linked Fc-glycans at Asn 297 or blocking the downstream effector pathways offers new avenues to develop novel therapeutics for arthritis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dahdah A, Habir K, Nandakumar KS, Saxena A, Xu B, Holmdahl R, Malin S. Germinal Center B Cells Are Essential for Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:193-203. [PMID: 29045049 DOI: 10.1002/art.40354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered to be a prototypical autoimmune disorder. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the known pathologic function of B cells in RA, including antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and humoral immunity. The aim of this study was to address the function of B lymphocytes in experimental arthritis. METHODS We mapped the adaptive immune response following collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We subsequently monitored these responses and disease outcomes in genetically modified mouse strains that lack mature B cell or germinal center (GC) functionality in a B cell-intrinsic manner. RESULTS Following primary immunization, the draining lymph nodes broadly reacted against type II collagen (CII) with the formation of GCs and T cell activation. Mice that lacked mature B cell function were fully protected against CIA and had a severely attenuated ability to mount isotype-switched humoral immune responses against CII. Almost identical results were observed in mice that were selectively deficient in GC responses. Importantly, GC-deficient mice were fully susceptible to collagen antibody-induced arthritis. CONCLUSION We identified GC formation and anticollagen antibody production as the key pathogenic functions of B cells in CIA. The role of B cells in RA is likely to be more complex. However, targeting the GC reaction could allow for therapeutic interventions that are more refined than general B cell depletion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dahdah
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Habir
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, and Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amit Saxena
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bingze Xu
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephen Malin
- Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dick J, Gan PY, Kitching AR, Holdsworth SR. The C3aR promotes macrophage infiltration and regulates ANCA production but does not affect glomerular injury in experimental anti-myeloperoxidase glomerulonephritis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190655. [PMID: 29315316 PMCID: PMC5760037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitides are autoimmune diseases associated with significant morbidity and mortality. They often affect the kidney causing rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. While signalling by complement anaphylatoxin C5a though the C5a receptor is important in this disease, the role of the anaphylatoxin C3a signalling via the C3a receptor (C3aR) is not known. Using two different murine models of anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO) glomerulonephritis, one mediated by passive transfer of anti-MPO antibodies, the other by cell-mediated immunity, we found that the C3aR did not alter histological disease severity. However, it promoted macrophage recruitment to the inflamed glomerulus and inhibited the generation of MPO-ANCA whilst not influencing T cell autoimmunity. Thus, whilst the C3aR modulates some elements of disease pathogenesis, overall it is not critical in effector responses and glomerular injury caused by autoimmunity to MPO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dick
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Poh-Yi Gan
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - A. Richard Kitching
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Monash Children’s Hospital, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen R. Holdsworth
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hornum L, Hansen AJ, Tornehave D, Fjording MS, Colmenero P, Wätjen IF, Søe Nielsen NH, Bliddal H, Bartels EM. C5a and C5aR are elevated in joints of rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis patients, and C5aR blockade attenuates leukocyte migration to synovial fluid. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189017. [PMID: 29220376 PMCID: PMC5722346 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Complement activation correlates to rheumatoid arthritis disease activity, and increased amounts of the complement split product C5a is observed in synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Blockade of C5a or its receptor (C5aR) is efficacious in several arthritis models. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of C5a and C5aR in human rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis–both with respect to expression and function. Synovial fluid, blood and synovial samples were obtained from rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis patients as a less inflammatory arthritis type, and blood from healthy subjects. Cells infiltrating synovial tissue were analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. SF and blood were analysed for biomarkers by flow cytometry or ELISA. The effect of a blocking anti-human C5aR mAb on leukocyte migration was determined using a Boyden chamber. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for comparisons. C5aR+ cells were detected in most rheumatoid arthritis, in all psoriatic arthritis, but not in non-inflammatory control synovia. C5aR+ cells were primarily neutrophils and macrophages. C5aR+ macrophages were mainly found in lymphoid aggregates in close contact with T cells. C5a levels were increased in both rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis synovial fluid compared to osteoarthritis, and in blood from rheumatoid arthritis compared to healthy subjects. Neutrophil and monocyte migration to rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid was significantly inhibited by anti-C5aR. The data support that the C5a-C5aR axis may be driving the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the synovial fluid and synovium in both rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, and suggest that C5a or C5aR may be a promising treatment target in both diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paula Colmenero
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Falbe Wätjen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Henning Bliddal
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Else Marie Bartels
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|