1
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Wang Y, He S, Calendo G, Bui T, Tian Y, Lee CY, Zhou Y, Zhao X, Abraham C, Mo W, Chen M, Sanders-Braggs R, Madzo J, Issa JP, Hexner EO, Wiest DL, Reshef R, Xue HH, Zhang Y. Tissue-infiltrating alloreactive T cells require Id3 to deflect PD-1-mediated immune suppression during GVHD. Blood 2024; 143:166-177. [PMID: 37871574 PMCID: PMC10797551 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Persisting alloreactive donor T cells in target tissues are a determinant of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), but the transcriptional regulators that control the persistence and function of tissue-infiltrating T cells remain elusive. We demonstrate here that Id3, a DNA-binding inhibitor, is critical for sustaining T-cell responses in GVHD target tissues in mice, including the liver and intestine. Id3 loss results in aberrantly expressed PD-1 in polyfunctional T helper 1 (Th1) cells, decreased tissue-infiltrating PD-1+ polyfunctional Th1 cell numbers, impaired maintenance of liver TCF-1+ progenitor-like T cells, and inhibition of GVHD. PD-1 blockade restores the capacity of Id3-ablated donor T cells to mediate GVHD. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis revealed that Id3 loss leads to significantly decreased CD28- and PI3K/AKT-signaling activity in tissue-infiltrating polyfunctional Th1 cells, an indicator of active PD-1/PD-L1 effects. Id3 is also required for protecting CD8+ T cells from the PD-1 pathway-mediated suppression during GVHD. Genome-wide RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that Id3 represses transcription factors (e.g., Nfatc2, Fos, Jun, Ets1, and Prdm1) that are critical for PD-1 transcription, exuberant effector differentiation, and interferon responses and dysfunction of activated T cells. Id3 achieves these effects by restraining the chromatin accessibility for these transcription factors. Id3 ablation in donor T cells preserved their graft vs tumor effects in mice undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of ID3 in human CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells retained their antitumor activity in NOD/SCID/IL2Rg-/- mice early after administration. These findings identify that ID3 is an important target to reduce GVHD, and the gene-editing program of ID3 may have broad implications in T-cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Tien Bui
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Che Young Lee
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yan Zhou
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Ciril Abraham
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Wenbin Mo
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Mimi Chen
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | | | - Jozef Madzo
- Coriell Institute for Medical Research, Camden, NJ
| | | | - Elizabeth O. Hexner
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David L. Wiest
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ran Reshef
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ
- Fels Institute and Department of Cancer Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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2
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Huang Y, Wu X, Tang S, Wu H, Nasri U, Qin Q, Song Q, Wang B, Tao H, Chong AS, Riggs AD, Zeng D. Donor programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 is required for organ transplant tolerance in major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mixed chimeras although programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 and major histocompatibility complex class II are not required for inducing chimerism. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1116-1129. [PMID: 37105316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched mixed chimerism is a promising approach for organ transplantation tolerance; however, human leukocyte antigen-mismatched stable mixed chimerism has not been achieved in the clinic. Tolerogenic dendritic cell (DC) expression of MHC class II (MHC II) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) is important for immune tolerance, but whether donor-MHC II or PD-L1 is required for the induction of stable MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism and transplant tolerance is unclear. Here, we show that a clinically applicable radiation-free regimen can establish stable MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism and organ transplant tolerance in murine models. Induction of MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism does not require donor cell expression of MHC II or PD-L1, but donor-type organ transplant tolerance in the mixed chimeras (MC) requires the donor hematopoietic cells and the organ transplants to express PD-L1. The PD-L1 expressed by donor hematopoietic cells and the programmed cell death 1 expressed by host cells augment host-type donor-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell anergy/exhaustion and differentiation into peripheral regulatory T (pTreg) cells in association with the organ transplant tolerance in the MC. Conversely, host-type Treg cells augment the expansion of donor-type tolerogenic CD8+ DCs that express PD-L1. These results indicate that PD-L1 expressed by donor-type tolerogenic DCs and expansion of host-type pTreg cells in MHC-mismatched MCs play critical roles in mediating organ transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxun Huang
- Department of Liver Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Shanshan Tang
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Huiqing Wu
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Ubaydah Nasri
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Qi Qin
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingxiao Song
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Bixin Wang
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hansen Tao
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Summer Student Academy of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Anita S Chong
- The section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arthur D Riggs
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Defu Zeng
- Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA; Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA.
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3
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Handelsman S, Overbey J, Chen K, Lee J, Haj D, Li Y. PD-L1's Role in Preventing Alloreactive T Cell Responses Following Hematopoietic and Organ Transplant. Cells 2023; 12:1609. [PMID: 37371079 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a prominent target for cancer immunotherapies. However, its potential as an immunosuppressive therapy has been limited. In this review, we present the immunological basis of graft rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), followed by a summary of biologically relevant molecular interactions of both PD-L1 and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD-1). Finally, we present a translational perspective on how PD-L1 can interrupt alloreactive-driven processes to increase immune tolerance. Unlike most current therapies that block PD-L1 and/or its interaction with PD-1, this review focuses on how upregulation or reversed sequestration of this ligand may reduce autoimmunity, ameliorate GVHD, and enhance graft survival following organ transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Handelsman
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Juliana Overbey
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Justin Lee
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Delour Haj
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Yong Li
- BioMedical Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine (WMed), Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
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4
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Manjili MH. The Adaptation Model of Immunity: Signal IV Matters Most in Determining the Functional Outcomes of Immune Responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:521-530. [PMID: 36881868 PMCID: PMC10000300 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Current research in immunology and immunotherapy is fully influenced by the self-nonself model of immunity. This theoretical model suggests that alloreactivity results in graft rejection, whereas tolerance toward self-antigens expressed by malignant cells facilitates cancer development. Similarly, breakage of immunological tolerance toward self-antigens results in autoimmune diseases. Accordingly, immune suppression is recommended for the management of autoimmune diseases, allergy, and organ transplantation, whereas immune inducers are used for the treatment of cancers. Although the danger model, the discontinuity model, and the adaptation model are proposed for a better understanding of the immune system, the self-nonself model continues to dominate the field. Nevertheless, a cure for these human diseases remains elusive. This essay discusses current theoretical models of immunity, as well as their impacts and limitations, and expands on the adaptation model of immunity to galvanize a new direction for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud H. Manjili
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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5
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Song Q, Nasri U, Nakamura R, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Retention of Donor T Cells in Lymphohematopoietic Tissue and Augmentation of Tissue PD-L1 Protection for Prevention of GVHD While Preserving GVL Activity. Front Immunol 2022; 13:907673. [PMID: 35677056 PMCID: PMC9168269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.907673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (Allo-HCT) is a curative therapy for hematological malignancies (i.e., leukemia and lymphoma) due to the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity mediated by alloreactive T cells that can eliminate residual malignant cells and prevent relapse. However, the same alloreactive T cells can cause a serious side effect, known as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). GVHD and GVL occur in distinct organ and tissues, with GVHD occurring in target organs (e.g., the gut, liver, lung, skin, etc.) and GVL in lympho-hematopoietic tissues where hematological cancer cells primarily reside. Currently used immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of GVHD inhibit donor T cell activation and expansion, resulting in a decrease in both GVHD and GVL activity that is associated with cancer relapse. To prevent GVHD, it is important to allow full activation and expansion of alloreactive T cells in the lympho-hematopoietic tissues, as well as prevent donor T cells from migrating into the GVHD target tissues, and tolerize infiltrating T cells via protective mechanisms, such as PD-L1 interacting with PD-1, in the target tissues. In this review, we will summarize major approaches that prevent donor T cell migration into GVHD target tissues and approaches that augment tolerization of the infiltrating T cells in the GVHD target tissues while preserving strong GVL activity in the lympho-hematopoietic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiao Song
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Fujian Medical University Center of Translational Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, and Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ubaydah Nasri
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Arthur D. Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, Unites States
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6
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Hagiwara S, Watanabe T, Kudo M, Minaga K, Komeda Y, Kamata K, Kimura M, Hayashi H, Nakagawa K, Ueshima K, Minami Y, Aoki T, Takita M, Morita M, Cishina H, Ida H, Park AM, Nishida N. Clinicopathological analysis of hepatic immune-related adverse events in comparison with autoimmune hepatitis and graft-versus host disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9242. [PMID: 33927311 PMCID: PMC8085223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are widely used to treat advanced metastatic cancers. Neutralisation of PD-1 or CTLA-4 by ICIs results in immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The clinicopathological features of twelve patients with hepatic irAEs were evaluated and compared to those of ten patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). No significant difference was seen in serum levels of transaminases, whereas serum levels of IgG and anti-nuclear antibody were higher in patients with AIH than in those with GVHD or hepatic irAEs. Inflammation was limited to the liver lobes in patients with GVHD or hepatic irAEs, whereas patients with AIH exhibited both portal and lobular inflammation. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a predominant infiltration of CD8+ T cells and defective accumulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) expressing forkhead box p3 (FOXP3) in the lobular areas of patients with hepatic irAEs and GVHD. In contrast, periportal lesions of patients with AIH were characterised by an infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells, and FOXP3+ Tregs. Overall, the activation of CD8+ T cells in the absence of activation of Tregs potentially underlies the immunopathogenesis of hepatic irAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ken Kamata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masatomo Kimura
- Department of Pathology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakagawa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuomi Ueshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Morita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Cishina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Ah-Mee Park
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan.
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7
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Yao S, Jianlin C, Zhuoqing Q, Yuhang L, Jiangwei H, Guoliang H, Hongmei N, Bin Z, Liangding H. Case Report: Combination Therapy With PD-1 Blockade for Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Resulted in Fatal GVHD. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639217. [PMID: 33868266 PMCID: PMC8047076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Azacitidine is commonly used in the treatment of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), but the effectiveness of this monotherapy is still very low. A possible mechanism of resistance to hypomethylating agents (HMAs) is the upregulation of the expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors and their ligands, making the combination of HMAs and immune checkpoint blockade therapy a rational approach. Although the safety of anti-programmed cell death protein (PD)-1 antibodies for patients with post-allo-HSCT remains a complicated issue, the preliminary clinical result of combining azacitidine with anti-PD-1 antibodies is encouraging; however, the safety and efficacy of this approach need further investigation. Case Presentation: We reported a case of treated secondary (ts)-AML in a patient who received tislelizumab (an anti-PD-1 antibody) in combination with azacitidine. The patient relapsed after allo-HSCT and was previously exposed to HMAs-based therapy. The patient received tislelizumab for compassionate use. After the combination treatment, the patient achieved complete remission with incomplete hematologic recovery, negative minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry (FCM), and negative Wilms' tumor protein 1 (WT1). However, the patient successively developed serious immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and graft vs. host disease (GVHD) and eventually died from complications of GVHD. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case to report the combined use of tislelizumab and azacitidine to treat relapsed AML posttransplantation. This report highlights the safety concerns of using an anti-PD-1 antibody in combination with azacitidine after allo-HSCT, especially the risk of GVHD, and provides a basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Yao
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Jianlin
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhuoqing
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yuhang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Jiangwei
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Guoliang
- Institute of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Hongmei
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Bin
- Institute of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Therapy and Transformation Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hu Liangding
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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8
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Wang H, Kaur G, Sankin AI, Chen F, Guan F, Zang X. Immune checkpoint blockade and CAR-T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:59. [PMID: 31186046 PMCID: PMC6558778 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Harnessing the power of the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells is a longtime exploration. In the past decade, monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy have proven to be safe and effective in hematologic malignancies. Despite the unprecedented success of ICB and CAR-T therapy, only a subset of patients can benefit partially due to immune dysfunction and lack of appropriate targets. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical advances of CTLA-4 and PD-L1/PD-1-based ICB and CD19-specific CAR-T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies. We also discuss the basic research and ongoing clinical trials on emerging immune checkpoints (Galectin-9/Tim-3, CD70/CD27, LAG-3, and LILRBs) and on new targets for CAR-T cell therapy (CD22, CD33, CD123, BCMA, CD38, and CD138) for the treatment of hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gurbakhash Kaur
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Alexander I Sankin
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Fuxiang Chen
- Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Fangxia Guan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xingxing Zang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
- Department of Urology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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9
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Tang L, Ma S, Gong H, Wang J, Xu Y, Wu D, Sun A. PD-L1 Ameliorates Murine Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Suppressing Effector But Not Regulatory T Cells Function. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2019; 67:179-187. [PMID: 30927016 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-019-00539-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that interaction between programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands PD-1 (PD-L1) plays a critical role in the pathology of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). However, the role of PD-L1 in the development of aGVHD has been controversial in recent mouse studies. In this study, we carried out studies in a murine aGVHD model to clarify the role of PD-L1 in aGVHD pathogenesis. We found that systemic overexpression of PD-L1 by hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) method in vivo ameliorates aGVHD-induced lethality in mice. Systemic overexpression of PD-L1 inhibits the donor T cells activation, effector memory status, as well as Th1 and Th17 cells responses in vivo. In addition, PD-L1 Ig treatment significantly suppressed T cells' proliferation, promoted T cells' apoptosis, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines expression by effector T cells in vitro in the stimulation of anti-CD3/CD28 and allogeneic dendritic cells. However, we found that PD-L1 overexpression did not affect Treg cells' differentiation in vivo and in vitro, depletion of Treg cells in PD-L1 HGT recipients did not aggravate aGVHD mortality. Therefore, our results demonstrated that systemic treatment with PD-L1 protein ameliorates aGVHD by suppressing effector but not regulatory T cell function. Our findings suggest that systemic treatment with PD-L1 may be a potential strategy to prevent or ameliorate aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Department of Hematology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shoubao Ma
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China. .,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Huanle Gong
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,Department of Hematology, Changzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Changzhou, 213003, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Depei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China. .,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| | - Aining Sun
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China. .,Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
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10
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Wang T, Chen S, Wang X, Huang Y, Qiu J, Fei Y, Chaulagain A, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lin L, Yan B, Wang Y, Wang W, Zhao W, Zhong Z. Aberrant PD-1 ligand expression contributes to the myocardial inflammatory injury caused by Coxsackievirus B infection. Antiviral Res 2019; 166:1-10. [PMID: 30904424 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus group B (CVB) is considered as one of the most common pathogens of human viral myocarditis. CVB-induced myocarditis is mainly characterized by the persistence of the virus infection and immune-mediated inflammatory injury. Costimulatory signals are crucial for the activation of adaptive immunity. Our data reveal that the CVB type 3 (CVB3) infection altered the expression profile of costimulatory molecules in host cells. CVB3 infection caused the decrease of PD-1 ligand expression, partially due to the cleavage of AU-rich element binding protein AUF1 by the viral protease 3Cpro, leading to the exacerbated inflammatory injury of the myocardium. Moreover, systemic PD-L1 treatment, which augmented the apoptosis of proliferating lymphocytes, alleviated myocardial inflammatory injury. Our findings suggest that PD1-pathway can be a potential immunologic therapeutic target for CVB-induced myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Immunology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Xueqing Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Yike Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianfa Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Yanru Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Anita Chaulagain
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Biying Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Immunity and Infection, Harbin, China.
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11
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von Knethen A, Schäfer A, Kuchler L, Knape T, Christen U, Hintermann E, Fißlthaler B, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Genz B, Abshagen K, Pützer BM, Sha LK, Weigert A, Syed SN, Schulz M, Shah AM, Ernst A, Putyrski M, Finkelmeier F, Pesic M, Greten F, Hogardt M, Kempf VAJ, Gunne S, Parnham MJ, Brüne B. Tolerizing CTL by Sustained Hepatic PD-L1 Expression Provides a New Therapy Approach in Mouse Sepsis. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:2003-2016. [PMID: 31037153 PMCID: PMC6485280 DOI: 10.7150/thno.28057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activation contributes to liver damage during sepsis, but the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Understanding the underlying principle will permit interference with CTL activation and thus, provide a new therapeutic option. Methods: To elucidate the mechanism leading to CTL activation we used the Hepa1-6 cell line in vitro and the mouse model of in vivo polymicrobial sepsis, following cecal-ligation and -puncture (CLP) in wildtype, myeloid specific NOX-2, global NOX2 and NOX4 knockout mice, and their survival as a final readout. In this in vivo setting, we also determined hepatic mRNA and protein expression as well as clinical parameters of liver damage - aspartate- and alanine amino-transaminases. Hepatocyte specific overexpression of PD-L1 was achieved in vivo by adenoviral infection and transposon-based gene transfer using hydrodynamic injection. Results: We observed downregulation of PD-L1 on hepatocytes in the murine sepsis model. Adenoviral and transposon-based gene transfer to restore PD-L1 expression, significantly improved survival and reduced the release of liver damage, as PD-L1 is a co-receptor that negatively regulates T cell function. Similar protection was observed during pharmacological intervention using recombinant PD-L1-Fc. N-acetylcysteine blocked the downregulation of PD-L1 suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species. This was confirmed in vivo, as we observed significant upregulation of PD-L1 expression in NOX4 knockout mice, following sham operation, whereas its expression in global as well as myeloid lineage NOX2 knockout mice was comparable to that in the wild type animals. PD-L1 expression remained high following CLP only in total NOX2 knockouts, resulting in significantly reduced release of liver damage markers. Conclusion: These results suggest that, contrary to common assumption, maintaining PD-L1 expression on hepatocytes improves liver damage and survival of mice during sepsis. We conclude that administering recombinant PD-L1 or inhibiting NOX2 activity might offer a new therapeutic option in sepsis.
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12
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Cassady K, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Regulation of GVHD and GVL Activity via PD-L1 Interaction With PD-1 and CD80. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3061. [PMID: 30622541 PMCID: PMC6308317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative therapy for hematological malignancies (i.e. leukemia and lymphoma), because graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) activity mediated by alloreactive T cells can eliminate residual malignant cells and prevent relapse. However, the same alloreactive T cells also mediate a severe side effect, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and prevention of GVHD while preserving GVL activity remains an elusive goal. The immune checkpoint molecule PD-L1 and its interaction with PD-1 receptor in regulating cancer immunity is under intensive and wide-spread study, but knowledge about this interaction in regulating GVHD and GVL activity is very limited. In this review, we summarize the literature exploring how PD-L1 interaction with its receptors PD-1 and CD80 regulate GVHD and GVL activities, how PD-L1 signaling regulates T cell metabolic profiles, and how a differential role of PD-L1 interaction with PD-1, CD80 or both may provide a novel avenue to prevent GVHD while preserving strong GVL effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaniel Cassady
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Paul J Martin
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Defu Zeng
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States.,Department of Hematology/Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States.,Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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13
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Yu W, Chen L, Guo S, Luo L, Chen L. B7-H1 agonists could prevent disseminated inflammation by desensitizing cell susceptibility to cytotoxic T-cells. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1504156. [PMID: 30574431 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1504156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The B7-H1/PD-1 immune co-inhibitory pathway is functionally bi-directional. We showed previously that B7-H1 could be widely induced on various types of cells and, in addition to be a ligand for PD-1 on T-cells, also serve as an anti-apoptotic receptor upon interacting with PD-1. We explored the role of B7-H1 as a receptor in protecting allogeneic T-cell mediated host cell destruction and systemic inflammation using mouse models of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Administer of by PD-1Ig or a B7-H1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) led to accelerated progression and rapid death in mice transferred with wild type allogeneic T-cells, supporting a dominant role of this pathway in the suppression of allogeneic T-cell response. In sharp contrast, PD-1Ig or B7-H1 mAb could behave as the B7-H1 agonists and drastically ameliorate the progression of GVHD and induced long-term tolerance in the context of transferring PD-1 deficient allogeneic T-cells. We further demonstrated that B7-H1 agonists decreased susceptibility of normal hematopoietic cells to allogenic T-cell lysis in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, mice that developed tolerance could still mount graft-versus-leukemia response. Our findings indicate a role for intrinsic B7-H1 in protecting host cells during systemic inflammation and have implications for treating human diseases including GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yu
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD, People's Republic Of China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FJ, People's Republic Of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD, People's Republic Of China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FJ, People's Republic Of China
| | - Sizheng Guo
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD, People's Republic Of China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FJ, People's Republic Of China
| | - Liqun Luo
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD, People's Republic Of China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FJ, People's Republic Of China
| | - Lieping Chen
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sun Yet-Sen University, Guangzhou, GD, People's Republic Of China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, FJ, People's Republic Of China.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Zeiser
- From the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany (R.Z.); and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.R.B.)
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- From the Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany (R.Z.); and the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (B.R.B.)
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15
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Deng R, Hurtz C, Song Q, Yue C, Xiao G, Yu H, Wu X, Muschen M, Forman S, Martin PJ, Zeng D. Extrafollicular CD4 + T-B interactions are sufficient for inducing autoimmune-like chronic graft-versus-host disease. Nat Commun 2017; 8:978. [PMID: 29042531 PMCID: PMC5645449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an autoimmune-like syndrome mediated by pathogenic CD4+ T and B cells, but the function of extrafollicular and germinal center CD4+ T and B interactions in cGVHD pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Here we show that extrafollicular CD4+ T and B interactions are sufficient for inducing cGVHD, while germinal center formation is dispensable. The pathogenesis of cGVHD is associated with the expansion of extrafollicular CD44hiCD62loPSGL-1loCD4+ (PSGL-1loCD4+) T cells. These cells express high levels of ICOS, and the blockade of ICOS/ICOSL interaction prevents their expansion and ameliorates cGVHD. Expansion of PSGL-1loCD4+ T cells is also prevented by BCL6 or Stat3 deficiency in donor CD4+ T cells, with the induction of cGVHD ameliorated by BCL6 deficiency and completely suppressed by Stat3 deficiency in donor CD4+ T cells. These results support that Stat3- and BCL6-dependent extrafollicular CD4+ T and B interactions play critical functions in the pathogenesis of cGVHD.Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is mediated by specific CD4 and B cells, but the relative contribution of extrafollicular and germinal centre (GC) T-B interaction is unclear. Here the authors show that the extrafollicular expansion of a specific CD4 T subset is sufficient for inducing cGVHD while GC is dispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishu Deng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical, Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92307, USA
| | - Christian Hurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qingxiao Song
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.,Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Chanyu Yue
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutic and Tumor Immunology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Gang Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Cancer Immunotherapeutic and Tumor Immunology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Markus Muschen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Stephen Forman
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Paul J Martin
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Defu Zeng
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA. .,Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, The Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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16
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Ni X, Song Q, Cassady K, Deng R, Jin H, Zhang M, Dong H, Forman S, Martin PJ, Chen YZ, Wang J, Zeng D. PD-L1 interacts with CD80 to regulate graft-versus-leukemia activity of donor CD8+ T cells. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:1960-1977. [PMID: 28414296 PMCID: PMC5409099 DOI: 10.1172/jci91138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) interacts with programmed death-1 (PD-1) and the immunostimulatory molecule CD80 and functions as a checkpoint to regulate immune responses. The interaction of PD-L1 with CD80 alone has been shown to exacerbate the severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), whereas costimulation of CD80 and PD-1 ameliorates GVHD. Here we have demonstrated that temporary depletion of donor CD4+ T cells early after hematopoietic cell transplantation effectively prevents GVHD while preserving strong graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects in allogeneic and xenogeneic murine GVHD models. Depletion of donor CD4+ T cells increased serum IFN-γ but reduced IL-2 concentrations, leading to upregulation of PD-L1 expression by recipient tissues and donor CD8+ T cells. In GVHD target tissues, the interactions of PD-L1 with PD-1 on donor CD8+ T cells cause anergy, exhaustion, and apoptosis, thereby preventing GVHD. In lymphoid tissues, the interactions of PD-L1 with CD80 augment CD8+ T cell expansion without increasing anergy, exhaustion, or apoptosis, resulting in strong GVL effects. These results indicate that the outcome of PD-L1-mediated signaling in CD8+ T cells depends on the presence or absence of CD4+ T cells, the nature of the interacting receptor expressed by CD8+ T cells, and the tissue environment in which the signaling occurs.
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17
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Henden AS, Hill GR. Cytokines in Graft-versus-Host Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:4604-12. [PMID: 25934923 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation whereby transplanted naive and marrow-derived T cells damage recipient tissue through similar mechanisms to those that allow destruction of malignant cells, the therapeutic intent of bone marrow transplantation. The manifestations and severity of GVHD are highly variable and are influenced by the proportions of naive cells maturing along regulatory T cell, Th1, Th2, or Th17 phenotypes. This maturation is largely influenced by local cytokines, which, in turn, activate transcription factors and drive development toward a dominant phenotype. In addition, proinflammatory cytokines exert direct effects on GVHD target tissues. Our knowledge of the role that cytokines play in orchestrating GVHD is expanding rapidly and parallels other infective and inflammatory conditions in which a predominant T cell signature is causative of pathology. Because a broad spectrum of cytokine therapies is now routinely used in clinical practice, they are increasingly relevant to transplant medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea S Henden
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia; and The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane 4006, Queensland, Australia; and The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Queensland, Australia
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18
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Ritprajak P, Azuma M. Intrinsic and extrinsic control of expression of the immunoregulatory molecule PD-L1 in epithelial cells and squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 51:221-8. [PMID: 25500094 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical results for PD-1 blockade therapy have demonstrated durable tumor control with minimal immune-related adverse effects. PD-L1 is induced in non-lymphoid tissue cells and tumor cells, in addition to tissue-recruiting immune cells, under inflammatory conditions triggered by several cytokines, especially IFN-γ, and exogenous stimuli delivered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Receptor-mediated signaling molecules that affect the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and survival (including NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K, mTOR, and JAK/STAT) are involved in PD-L1 induction. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells is also triggered by the signals described above, but in some instances, intrinsic cell alteration associated with carcinogenesis contributes to PD-L1 induction. The tumor suppressor genes PTEN and Lkb1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related molecules are also involved in the regulation of PD-L1 expression. Notably, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) often exhibits both host immunosuppression and cytogenetic alternations of tumor cells. Precise understanding of how PD-L1 expression is controlled will allow the development of effective approaches to PD-1 blockade therapy for patients with SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patcharee Ritprajak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and DRU of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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19
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Deng R, Cassady K, Li X, Yao S, Zhang M, Racine J, Lin J, Chen L, Zeng D. B7H1/CD80 interaction augments PD-1-dependent T cell apoptosis and ameliorates graft-versus-host disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 194:560-74. [PMID: 25488990 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interactions of B7H1 (programmed death ligand 1 [PD-L1]) with its two ligands, PD-1 and CD80, on T cells play a pivotal role in controlling T cell activation, proliferation, anergy, and apoptosis. However, the interactions between the two pathways remain unknown. Using an alloimmune response model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), we report in this study that: 1) Comparison of proliferation and apoptosis of wild-type (WT) and PD-1(-/-)CD4(+) conventional T (Tcon) cells in WT and B7H1(-/-) recipients revealed that B7H1/CD80 interaction per se augments T cell proliferation, and this interaction augments T cell apoptosis mediated by B7H1/PD-1 interaction. This observation was recapitulated in an in vitro MLR assay. 2) Specific blockade of the B7H1/CD80 axis by anti-B7H1 mAb reduces WT-alloreactive Tcon cell proliferation, IL-2 production, expression of PD-1, and apoptosis, resulting in worsening GVHD. In contrast, specific blockade of B7H1/CD80 interaction reduces donor PD-1(-/-) Tcon cell proliferation without an impact on apoptosis, resulting in ameliorating GVHD. 3) B7H1 fused to an Ig Fc domain (B7H1-Ig), when produced in vivo by hydrodynamic injection of B7H1-Ig plasmid, ameliorates GVHD by augmenting proliferation and apoptosis of WT- alloreactive Tcon cells. Conversely, B7H1-Ig treatment has no impact on apoptosis but augments PD-1(-/-) T cell proliferation and worsens GVHD. These results indicate that B7H1/CD80 interaction augments Tcon cell proliferation, IL-2 production, and expression of PD-1, which leads to increased apoptosis mediated by the B7H1/PD-1 pathway. Additionally, by engaging both PD-1 and CD80, B7H1-Ig can be a powerful therapeutic reagent for downregulating the T cell immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishu Deng
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Kaniel Cassady
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Xiaofan Li
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Sheng Yao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; and
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Jeremy Racine
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Jeffrey Lin
- Eugene and Ruth Roberts Summer Student Academy of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Defu Zeng
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010; Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010;
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20
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Fujiwara H, Maeda Y, Kobayashi K, Nishimori H, Matsuoka KI, Fujii N, Kondo E, Tanaka T, Chen L, Azuma M, Yagita H, Tanimoto M. Programmed death-1 pathway in host tissues ameliorates Th17/Th1-mediated experimental chronic graft-versus-host disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:2565-73. [PMID: 25080485 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major cause of late death and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. We investigated the role of the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway in chronic GVHD using a well-defined mouse model of B10.D2 (H-2(d)) donor to BALB/c (H-2(d)) recipients. PD-1 expression on allogeneic donor T cells was upregulated continuously in chronic GVHD development, whereas PD-L1 expression in host tissues was transiently upregulated and declined to basal levels in the late posttransplant period. Blockade of the PD-1 pathway by anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 mAbs exacerbated clinical and pathologic chronic GVHD. Chimeric mice revealed that PD-L1 expression in host tissues suppressed expansion of IL-17(+)IFN-γ(+) T cells, and that PD-L1 expression on hematopoietic cells plays a role in the development of regulatory T cells only during the early transplantation period but does not affect the severity of chronic GVHD. Administration of the synthetic retinoid Am80 overcame the IL-17(+)IFN-γ(+) T cell expansion caused by PD-L1 deficiency, resulting in reduced chronic GVHD damage in PD-L1(-/-) recipients. Stimulation of the PD-1 pathway also alleviated chronic GVHD. These results suggest that the PD-1 pathway contributes to the suppression of Th17/Th1-mediated chronic GVHD and may represent a new target for the prevention or treatment of chronic GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Fujiwara
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558;
| | - Koichiro Kobayashi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
| | - Hisakazu Nishimori
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
| | - Ken-Ichi Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
| | - Nobuharu Fujii
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
| | - Eisei Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
| | - Takehiro Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
| | - Lieping Chen
- Department of Immunobiology and Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06519
| | - Miyuki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan 113-8549; and
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan 113-8421
| | - Mitsune Tanimoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan 700-8558
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21
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Racine JJ, Wang M, Zhang M, Zeng D. Induction of mixed chimerism depletes pre-existing and de novo-developed autoreactive B cells in autoimmune NOD mice. Diabetes 2014; 63:2051-62. [PMID: 24458357 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Destruction of pancreatic islet β-cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is mainly mediated by autoimmune T and B lymphocytes. We reported that induction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched mixed chimerism reversed autoimmunity and reestablished thymic negative selection of autoreactive T cells in NOD mice, but it is still unclear how mixed chimerism tolerizes autoreactive B cells. The current studies were designed to reveal the mechanisms on how mixed chimerism tolerizes autoreactive B cells in T1D. Accordingly, mixed chimerism was induced in NOD mice through radiation-free nonmyeloablative anti-CD3/CD8 conditioning and infusion of donor CD4(+) T cell-depleted spleen and whole bone marrow (BM) cells or through myeloablative total body irradiation conditioning and reconstitution with T cell-depleted BM cells from donor and host. Kinetic analysis of percentage and yield of preplasma and plasma B cells, newly developed B-cell subsets, and their apoptosis was performed 30-60 days after transplantation. Induction of MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism results in depleting host-type pre-existing preplasma and plasma B cells as well as augmenting apoptosis of immature transitional T1 B cells, including insulin-specific B cells in a donor B cell-dependent manner. Therefore, induction of MHC-mismatched mixed chimerism depletes pre-existing and de novo-developed autoreactive B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J Racine
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CADepartment of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CADepartment of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CADepartment of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CADepartment of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Defu Zeng
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CADepartment of Diabetes Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CADepartment of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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22
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Depletion of host CCR7(+) dendritic cells prevented donor T cell tissue tropism in anti-CD3-conditioned recipients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2014; 20:920-8. [PMID: 24691220 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2014.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that anti-CD3 mAb treatment before hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) prevented graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and preserved graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects in mice. These effects were associated with downregulated donor T cell expression of tissue-specific homing and chemokine receptors, marked reduction of donor T cell migration into GVHD target tissues, and deletion of CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). MLN CD103(+) DCs and peripheral lymph node (PLN) DCs include CCR7(+) and CCR7(-) subsets, but the role of these DC subsets in regulating donor T cell expression of homing and chemokine receptors remain unclear. Here, we show that recipient CCR7(+), but not CCR7(-), DCs in MLN induced donor T cell expression of gut-specific homing and chemokine receptors in a retinoid acid-dependent manner. CCR7 regulated activated DC migration from tissue to draining lymph node, but it was not required for the ability of DCs to induce donor T cell expression of tissue-specific homing and chemokine receptors. Finally, anti-CD3 treatment depleted CCR7(+) but not CCR7(-) DCs by inducing sequential expansion and apoptosis of CCR7(+) DCs in MLN and PLN. Apoptosis of CCR7(+) DCs was associated with DC upregulation of Fas expression and natural killer cell but not T, B, or dendritic cell upregulation of FasL expression in the lymph nodes. These results suggest that depletion of CCR7(+) host-type DCs, with subsequent inhibition of donor T cell migration into GVHD target tissues, can be an effective approach in prevention of acute GVHD and preservation of GVL effects.
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Host programmed death ligand 1 is dominant over programmed death ligand 2 expression in regulating graft-versus-host disease lethality. Blood 2013; 122:3062-73. [PMID: 24030385 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-05-500801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, play an important role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. We explored the role of PD-1 ligands in regulating graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Both PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression were upregulated in the spleen, liver, colon, and ileum of GVHD mice. Whereas PD-L2 expression was limited to hematopoietic cells, hematopoietic and endothelial cells expressed PD-L1. PD-1/PD-L1, but not PD-1/PD-L2, blockade markedly accelerated GVHD-induced lethality. Chimera studies suggest that PD-L1 expression on host parenchymal cells is more critical than hematopoietic cells in regulating acute GVHD. Rapid mortality onset in PD-L1-deficient hosts was associated with increased gut T-cell homing and loss of intestinal epithelial integrity, along with increased donor T-cell proliferation, activation, Th1 cytokine production, and reduced apoptosis. Bioenergetics profile analysis of proliferating alloreactive donor T-cells demonstrated increased aerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in PD-L1-deficient hosts. Donor T-cells exhibited a hyperpolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, increased superoxide production, and increased expression of a glucose transporter in PD-L1-deficient hosts. Taken together, these data provide new insight into the differential roles of host PD-L1 and PD-L2 and their associated cellular and metabolic mechanisms controlling acute GVHD.
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Wu T, Young JS, Johnston H, Ni X, Deng R, Racine J, Wang M, Wang A, Todorov I, Wang J, Zeng D. Thymic damage, impaired negative selection, and development of chronic graft-versus-host disease caused by donor CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:488-99. [PMID: 23709681 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a major challenge in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) owing to limited understanding of cGVHD pathogenesis and lack of appropriate animal models. In this study, we report that, in classical acute GVHD models with C57BL/6 donors and MHC-mismatched BALB/c recipients and with C3H.SW donors and MHC-matched C57BL/6 recipients, GVHD recipients surviving for >60 d after HCT developed cGVHD characterized by cutaneous fibrosis, tissue damage in the salivary gland, and the presence of serum autoantibodies. Donor CD8(+) T cells were more potent than CD4(+) T cells for inducing cGVHD. The recipient thymus and de novo-generated, donor-derived CD4(+) T cells were required for induction of cGVHD by donor CD8(+) T cells but not by donor CD4(+) T cells. Donor CD8(+) T cells preferentially damaged recipient medullary thymic epithelial cells and impaired negative selection, resulting in production of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells that perpetuated damage to the thymus and augmented the development of cGVHD. Short-term anti-CD4 mAb treatment early after HCT enabled recovery from thymic damage and prevented cGVHD. These results demonstrate that donor CD8(+) T cells cause cGVHD solely through thymic-dependent mechanisms, whereas CD4(+) T cells can cause cGVHD through either thymic-dependent or independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- Department of Diabetes/Endocrinology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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