1
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Yang BG, Kim AR, Lee D, An SB, Shim YA, Jang MH. Degranulation of Mast Cells as a Target for Drug Development. Cells 2023; 12:1506. [PMID: 37296626 PMCID: PMC10253146 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells act as key effector cells of inflammatory responses through degranulation. Mast cell degranulation is induced by the activation of cell surface receptors, such as FcεRI, MRGPRX2/B2, and P2RX7. Each receptor, except FcεRI, varies in its expression pattern depending on the tissue, which contributes to their differing involvement in inflammatory responses depending on the site of occurrence. Focusing on the mechanism of allergic inflammatory responses by mast cells, this review will describe newly identified mast cell receptors in terms of their involvement in degranulation induction and patterns of tissue-specific expression. In addition, new drugs targeting mast cell degranulation for the treatment of allergy-related diseases will be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Gie Yang
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - A-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Dajeong Lee
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Seong Beom An
- Research Institute, GI Biome Inc., Seongnam 13201, Republic of Korea; (A.-R.K.); (D.L.); (S.B.A.)
| | - Yaein Amy Shim
- Research Institute, GI Innovation Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myoung Ho Jang
- Research Institute, GI Innovation Inc., Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Republic of Korea;
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2
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Role of IL-22 in intestinal microenvironment and potential targeted therapy through diet. Immunol Res 2022; 71:121-129. [PMID: 36173554 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09325-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IL-22 is a type 2 receptor cytokine in IL-10 family. IL-22 is usually secreted by innate and adaptive immune cells and takes its effects on non-hematopoietic cells. Through activate STAT3 pathway, IL-22 plays an important role in infection clearance and tissue regeneration, which is critical for barrier integrate and homeostasis. Abnormal activation of IL-22 signal was observed in inflammation diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. We review the recent discoveries about the mechanism and regulation of IL-22 signal pathway from the perspective of intestinal micro-environment. Diet-based IL-22 target therapeutic strategies and their potential clinical significance will also be discussed.
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3
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is secreted by a wide range of immune cells and its downstream effects are mediated by the IL-22 receptor, which is present on non-immune cells in many organs throughout the body. IL-22 is an inflammatory mediator that conditions the tissue compartment by upregulating innate immune responses and is also a homeostatic factor that promotes tissue integrity and regeneration. Interestingly, the IL-22 system has also been linked to many T cell driven inflammatory diseases. Despite this, the downstream effects of IL-22 on the adaptive immune system has received little attention. We have reviewed the literature for experimental data that suggest IL-22 mediated effects on T cells, either transduced directly or via mediators expressed by innate immune cells or non-immune cells in response to IL-22. Collectively, the reviewed data indicate that IL-22 has a hitherto unappreciated influence on T helper cell polarization, or the secretion of signature cytokines, that is context dependent but in many cases results in a reduction of the Th1 type response and to some extent promotion of regulatory T cells. Further studies are needed that specifically address these aspects of IL-22 signaling, which can benefit the understanding and treatment of a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Lindahl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Zarobkiewicz MK, Kowalska W, Slawinski M, Rolinski J, Bojarska-Junak A. The role of interleukin 22 in multiple sclerosis and its association with c-Maf and AHR. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2019; 163:200-206. [PMID: 31162488 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2019.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to summarise knowledge of IL-22 involvement in multiple sclerosis (MS) and the possible link between IL-22 and two transcription factors - AHR and c-Maf. The conclusion is that despite numerous studies, the exact role of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of MS is still unknown. The expression and function of c-Maf in MS have not been studied. It seems that the functions of c-Maf and AHR are at least partly connected with IL-22, as both directly or indirectly influence the regulation of IL-22 expression. This possible connection has never been studied in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wioleta Kowalska
- Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Slawinski
- Chair and Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jacek Rolinski
- Chair and Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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5
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Qi H, Li Y, Yun H, Zhang T, Huang Y, Zhou J, Yan H, Wei J, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Gao Y, Che Y, Su X, Zhu D, Zhang Y, Zhong J, Yang R. Lactobacillus maintains healthy gut mucosa by producing L-Ornithine. Commun Biol 2019; 2:171. [PMID: 31098404 PMCID: PMC6506532 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0424-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut mucosal layers are crucial in maintaining the gut barrier function. Gut microbiota regulate homeostasis of gut mucosal layer via gut immune cells such as RORγt (+) IL-22(+) ILC3 cells, which can influence the proliferation of mucosal cells and the production of mucin. However, it is unclear how gut microbiota execute this regulation. Here we show that lactobacilli promote gut mucosal formation by producing L-Ornithine from arginine. L-Ornithine increases the level of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand L-kynurenine produced from tryptophan metabolism in gut epithelial cells, which in turn increases RORγt (+)IL-22(+) ILC3 cells. Human REG3A transgenic mice show an increased proportion of L-Ornithine producing lactobacilli in the gut contents, suggesting that gut epithelial REG3A favors the expansion of L-Ornithine producing lactobacilli. Our study implicates the importance of a crosstalk between arginine metabolism in Lactobacilli and tryptophan metabolism in gut epithelial cells in maintaining gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houbao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Yugang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Jiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yingquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yunhuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yongzhe Che
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Dashuai Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
- School of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039 Beijing, China
| | - Rongcun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, 300071 Tianjin, China
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Moriwaki K, Balaji S, Bertin J, Gough PJ, Chan FKM. Distinct Kinase-Independent Role of RIPK3 in CD11c + Mononuclear Phagocytes in Cytokine-Induced Tissue Repair. Cell Rep 2017; 18:2441-2451. [PMID: 28273458 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) induces necroptosis, a type of regulated necrosis, through its kinase domain and receptor interacting protein (RIP) homotypic interaction motif (RHIM). In addition, RIPK3 has been shown to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation. However, the relative contribution of these signaling pathways to RIPK3-dependent inflammation in distinct immune effectors is unknown. To investigate these questions, we generated RIPK3-GFP reporter mice. We found that colonic CD11c+CD11b+CD14+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) expressed the highest level of RIPK3 in the lamina propria. Consequently, deletion of the RIPK3 RHIM in CD11c+ cells alone was sufficient to impair dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-1β expression, leading to severe intestinal inflammation. In contrast, mice expressing kinase inactive RIPK3 were not hypersensitive to DSS. Thus, a key physiological function of RIPK3 is to promote reparative cytokine expression through intestinal CD11c+ MNPs in a kinase- and necroptosis-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sakthi Balaji
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19422, USA
| | - Peter J Gough
- Host Defense Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Disease Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19422, USA
| | - Francis Ka-Ming Chan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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7
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Kim KH, Kim DH, Jeong HJ, Ryu JS, Kim YJ, Oh JY, Kim MK, Wee WR. Effects of subconjunctival administration of anti-high mobility group box 1 on dry eye in a mouse model of Sjӧgren's syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183678. [PMID: 28837629 PMCID: PMC5570279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) acts as a damage associated molecular pattern molecule through the Toll-like receptor to promote autoreactive B cell activation, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of Sjӧgren’s syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of subconjunctival administration of anti-HMGB1 on dry eye in a mouse model of Sjӧgren’s syndrome. Methods Ten weeks-old NOD.B10.H2b mice were subconjunctivally injected with 0.02 to 2 μg of anti-HMGB1 antibodies or PBS twice a week for two consecutive weeks. Tear volume and corneal staining scores were measured and compared between before- and after-treatment. Goblet cell density was counted in PAS stained forniceal conjunctiva and inflammatory foci score (>50 cells/focus) was measured in extraorbital glands. Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the changes in BrdU+ cells, IL-17-, IL-10-, or IFNγ-secreting cells, functional B cells, and IL-22 secreting innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in cervical lymph nodes. The level of IL-22 in intraorbital glands was measured by ELISA. Results Injection of 2 μg or 0.02 μg anti-HMGB1 attenuated corneal epithelial erosions and increased tear secretion (p<0.05). Goblet cell density was increased in 0.2 μg and 2 μg anti-HMGB1-treated-mice with marginal significance. The inflammatory foci score, and the number of BrdU+ cells, IL-17-, IL-10-, IFNγ-secreting cells, and functional B cells did not significantly change following anti-HMGB1 treatment. Surprisingly, the percentage of ILC3s was significantly increased in the draining lymph nodes (p<0.05), and the expression of IL-22 was significantly increased in the intraorbital glands (p<0.05) after administration of 2 μg anti-HMGB1. Conclusion This study shows that subconjunctival administration of anti-HMGB1 attenuates clinical manifestations of dry eye. The improvement of dry eye may involve an increase of ILC3s, rather than modulation of B or plasma cells, as shown using a mouse model of Sjӧgren’s syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Hwan Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Jeong
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Suk Ryu
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Youn Oh
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mee Kum Kim
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Won Ryang Wee
- Laboratory of Ocular Regenerative Medicine and Immunology, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Xu YL, Tang HL, Zhu SY, Peng HR, Qi ZT, Wang W. RIP3 deficiency exacerbates inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis mice model. Cell Biochem Funct 2017; 35:156-163. [PMID: 28256024 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disease. The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) was reported to be involved in many inflammatory disease. However, the mechanism of RIP3 in the pathogenesis of UC is still unclear. To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of RIP3 in UC pathogenesis, RIP3-/- mice was used in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. It was found that by DSS-induced colitis, RIP3-/- mice showed significantly enhanced colitis symptoms, including increased weight loss, colon shortening, and colonic mucosa damage and severity, but decreased production of interleukin 6 and interleukin 1β. The results showed that RIP3 deficiency could not ameliorate but exacerbate the severity of colitis. On the mechanism, it was found that messenger RNA expressions of several repair-associated cytokines including interleukin 6, interleukin 22, cyclooxygenase 2, epithelial growth factor receptor ligand Epiregulin and matrix metalloproteinase 10 were siginificant decreased in RIP3-/- mice. Thus, RIP3-/- mice exhibited an impaired tissue repair in response to DSS. In a conclusion, RIP3 deficiency exerted detrimental effects in DSS induced colitis partially because of the impaired repair-associated cytokines expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Lin Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Ying Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao-Ran Peng
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Tian Qi
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Biodefense, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Inflammasomes in the Gut Mucosal Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1024:133-151. [PMID: 28921468 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5987-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are critical checkpoints in inflammation. The activation of inflammasome can cause a series of inflammatory responses including maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 and a specialized form of cell death called pyroptosis. Since its identification in the early 2000s, inflammasomes have been implicated to play multifaceted roles in varied pathological and physiological conditions, especially in the mucosal compartments including the gut. Maintaining gut mucosal homeostasis has always been a remarkable challenge for the host due to both the vast mucosal surface that is exposed to the outside and the enormous amount of local microbiota. To accomplish this challenge, the host mounts a constant dynamic low-grade inflammatory response (physiological inflammation) in coping with insults of microbes in the intestine. This book chapter aims to summarize the current knowledge of how inflammasomes contribute to gut mucosal homeostasis.
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10
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Perusina Lanfranca M, Lin Y, Fang J, Zou W, Frankel T. Biological and pathological activities of interleukin-22. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:523-34. [PMID: 26923718 PMCID: PMC4860114 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22, a member of the IL-10 family, is a cytokine secreted by several types of immune cells including IL-22(+)CD4(+) T cells (Th22) and IL-22 expressing innate leukocytes (ILC22). Recent studies have demonstrated that IL-22 is a key component in mucosal barrier defense, tissue repair, epithelial cell survival, and proliferation. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has defined both protective and pathogenic properties of IL-22 in a number of conditions including autoimmune disease, infection, and malignancy. In this review, we summarize the expression and signaling pathway and functional characteristics of the IL-22 and IL-22 receptor axis in physiological and pathological scenarios and discuss the potential to target IL-22 signaling to treat human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Perusina Lanfranca
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yanwei Lin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jingyuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Graduate Programs in Immunology and Tumor Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Timothy Frankel
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- The University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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11
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Huntington ND, Carpentier S, Vivier E, Belz GT. Innate lymphoid cells: parallel checkpoints and coordinate interactions with T cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2016; 38:86-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Parks OB, Pociask DA, Hodzic Z, Kolls JK, Good M. Interleukin-22 Signaling in the Regulation of Intestinal Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 3:85. [PMID: 26793707 PMCID: PMC4710696 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-22 is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines that has been extensively studied since its discovery in 2000. This review article aims to describe the cellular sources and signaling pathways of this cytokine as well as the functions of IL-22 in the intestine. In addition, this article describes the roles of IL-22 in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal diseases, including inhibition of inflammation and barrier defense against pathogens within the intestine. Since many of the functions of IL-22 in the intestine are incompletely understood, this review is meant to assess our current understanding of the roles of IL-22 and provide new opportunities for inquiry to improve human intestinal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia B Parks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Derek A Pociask
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zerina Hodzic
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Misty Good
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Bostick JW, Zhou L. Innate lymphoid cells in intestinal immunity and inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:237-52. [PMID: 26459449 PMCID: PMC11108440 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a new and distinct family of innate immune cells that play an important role in immunity and inflammation. In this review, we focus on the role of ILCs in mucosal tissues, especially in the gut, in health and disease. ILCs support intestinal homeostasis by protecting the intestine from pathogens, contributing to the development of gut lymphoid tissue, and helping to repair injuries. By cooperating with epithelial cells and other innate and adaptive immune cells, ILCs participate in the control of pathogens and tolerance of commensal bacteria. The development and maintenance of ILCs are influenced by nutrients and metabolites sourced from diet and/or gut bacteria. ILCs have been shown to be involved in host metabolism and to participate in various diseases of the intestine including infectious and chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Thus, the elucidation of ILC biology provides an exciting potential for development of novel therapeutic means to modulate immune responses in various disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Bostick
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is a recently described IL-10 family cytokine that is produced by T helper (Th) 17 cells, γδ T cells, NKT cells, and newly described innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Knowledge of IL-22 biology has evolved rapidly since its discovery in 2000, and a role for IL-22 has been identified in numerous tissues, including the intestines, lung, liver, kidney, thymus, pancreas, and skin. IL-22 primarily targets nonhematopoietic epithelial and stromal cells, where it can promote proliferation and play a role in tissue regeneration. In addition, IL-22 regulates host defense at barrier surfaces. However, IL-22 has also been linked to several conditions involving inflammatory tissue pathology. In this review, we assess the current understanding of this cytokine, including its physiologic and pathologic effects on epithelial cell function.
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15
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Lim AWY, McKenzie ANJ. Deciphering the transcriptional switches of innate lymphoid cell programming: the right factors at the right time. Genes Immun 2015; 16:177-86. [PMID: 25611557 PMCID: PMC4409422 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are increasingly recognised as an innate immune counterpart of adaptive TH cells. In addition to their similar effector cytokine production, there is a strong parallel between the transcription factors that control the differentiation of TH1, TH2 and TH17 cells and ILC Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Here, we review the transcriptional circuit that specifies the development of a common ILC progenitor and its subsequent programming into distinct ILC groups. Notch, GATA-3, Nfil3 and Id2 are identified as early factors that suppress B and T cell potentials and are turned on in favour of ILC commitment. Natural killer cells, which are the cytotoxic ILCs, develop along a pathway distinct from the rest of the helper-like ILCs that are derived from a common progenitor to all helper-like innate lymphoid cells (CHILPs). PLZF− CHILPs give rise to lymphoid tissue inducer cells while PLZF+ CHILPs have multi-lineage potential and could give rise to ILCs 1, 2 and 3. Such lineage specificity is dictated by the controlled expression of T-bet, RORα, RORγt and AHR. In addition to the type of transcription factors, the developmental stages at which these factors are expressed are crucial in specifying the fate of the ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Y Lim
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - A N J McKenzie
- Division of Protein and Nucleic Acid Chemistry, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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16
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Moriwaki K, Balaji S, McQuade T, Malhotra N, Kang J, Chan FKM. The necroptosis adaptor RIPK3 promotes injury-induced cytokine expression and tissue repair. Immunity 2014; 41:567-78. [PMID: 25367573 PMCID: PMC4220270 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Programmed necrosis or necroptosis is an inflammatory form of cell death that critically requires the receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Here we showed that RIPK3 controls a separate, necrosis-independent pathway of inflammation by regulating cytokine expression in dendritic cells (DCs). Ripk3(-/-) bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were highly defective in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines. These effects were caused by impaired NF-κB subunit RelB and p50 activation and by impaired caspase 1-mediated processing of interleukin-1β (IL-1β). This DC-specific function of RIPK3 was critical for injury-induced inflammation and tissue repair in response to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Ripk3(-/-) mice exhibited an impaired axis of injury-induced IL-1β, IL-23, and IL-22 cytokine cascade, which was partially corrected by adoptive transfer of wild-type DCs, but not Ripk3(-/-) DCs. These results reveal an unexpected function of RIPK3 in NF-κB activation, DC biology, innate inflammatory-cytokine expression, and injury-induced tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Moriwaki
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Sakthi Balaji
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Thomas McQuade
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Nidhi Malhotra
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Joonsoo Kang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Francis Ka-Ming Chan
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology Program, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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