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Song Z, Bhattacharya S, Clemens RA, Dinauer MC. Molecular regulation of neutrophil swarming in health and disease: Lessons from the phagocyte oxidase. iScience 2023; 26:108034. [PMID: 37854699 PMCID: PMC10579437 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil swarming is a complex coordinated process in which neutrophils sensing pathogen or damage signals are rapidly recruited to sites of infections or injuries. This process involves cooperation between neutrophils where autocrine and paracrine positive-feedback loops, mediated by receptor/ligand pairs including lipid chemoattractants and chemokines, amplify localized recruitment of neutrophils. This review will provide an overview of key pathways involved in neutrophil swarming and then discuss the cell intrinsic and systemic mechanisms by which NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) regulates swarming, including modulation of calcium signaling, inflammatory mediators, and the mobilization and production of neutrophils. We will also discuss mechanisms by which altered neutrophil swarming in disease may contribute to deficient control of infections and/or exuberant inflammation. Deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms controlling neutrophil swarming and how neutrophil cooperative behavior can be perturbed in the setting of disease may help to guide development of tools for diagnosis and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Song
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sourav Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Regina A. Clemens
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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2
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Wang SW, Zhang Q, Lu D, Fang YC, Yan XC, Chen J, Xia ZK, Yuan QT, Chen LH, Zhang YM, Nan FJ, Xie X. GPR84 regulates pulmonary inflammation by modulating neutrophil functions. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023:10.1038/s41401-023-01080-z. [PMID: 37016043 PMCID: PMC10072043 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute, progressive hypoxic respiratory failure that could develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with very high mortality rate. ALI is believed to be caused by uncontrolled inflammation, and multiple types of immune cells, especially neutrophils, are critically involved in the development of ALI. The treatment for ALI/ARDS is very limited, a better understanding of the pathogenesis and new therapies are urgently needed. Here we discover that GPR84, a medium chain fatty acid receptor, plays critical roles in ALI development by regulating neutrophil functions. GPR84 is highly upregulated in the cells isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of LPS-induced ALI mice. GPR84 deficiency or blockage significantly ameliorated ALI mice lung inflammation by reducing neutrophils infiltration and oxidative stress. Further studies reveal that activation of GPR84 strongly induced reactive oxygen species production from neutrophils by stimulating Lyn, AKT and ERK1/2 activation and the assembly of the NADPH oxidase. These results reveal an important role of GPR84 in neutrophil functions and lung inflammation and strongly suggest that GPR84 is a potential drug target for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Dan Lu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - You-Chen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Ci Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Kan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qian-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lin-Hai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | | | - Fa-Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264117, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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3
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Salvianolic Acid A Protects against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Neutrophil NETosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7411824. [PMID: 35910849 PMCID: PMC9334034 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7411824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is one of bioactive polyphenol extracted from a Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), which was widely used to treat cardiovascular disease in traditional Chinese medicine. SAA has been reported to be protective in cardiovascular disease and ischemia injury, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effect, but its role in acute lung injury (ALI) is still unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic effects of SAA in a murine model of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced ALI. The optimal dose of SAA was determined by comparing the attenuation of lung injury score after administration of SAA at three different doses (low, 5 mg/kg; medium, 10 mg/kg; and, high 15 mg/kg). Dexamethasone (DEX) was used as a positive control for SAA. Here, we showed that the therapeutic effect of SAA (10 mg/kg) against LPS-induced pathologic injury in the lungs was comparable to DEX. SAA and DEX attenuated the increased W/D ratio and the protein level, counts of total cells and neutrophils, and cytokine levels in the BALF of ALI mice similarly. The oxidative stress was also relieved by SAA and DEX according to the superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde. NET level in the lungs was elevated in the injured lung while SAA and DEX reduced it significantly. LPS induced phosphorylation of Src, Raf, MEK, and ERK in the lungs, which was inhibited by SAA and DEX. NET level and phosphorylation level of Src/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway in the neutrophils from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients were also inhibited by SAA and DEX in vitro, but the YEEI peptide reversed the protective effect of SAA completely. The inhibition of NET release by SAA was also reversed by YEEI peptide in LPS-challenged neutrophils from healthy volunteers. Our data demonstrated that SAA ameliorated ALI via attenuating inflammation, oxidative stress, and neutrophil NETosis. The mechanism of such protective effect might involve the inhibition of Src activation.
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Paclet MH, Laurans S, Dupré-Crochet S. Regulation of Neutrophil NADPH Oxidase, NOX2: A Crucial Effector in Neutrophil Phenotype and Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:945749. [PMID: 35912108 PMCID: PMC9329797 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.945749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, NOX2, are involved in many leukocyte functions. An excessive or inappropriate ROS production can lead to oxidative stress and tissue damage. On the other hand, an absence of ROS production due to a lack of a functional NADPH oxidase is associated with recurrent infections as well as inflammation disorders. Thus, it is clear that the enzyme NADPH oxidase must be tightly regulated. The NOX2 complex bears both membrane and cytosolic subunits. The membrane subunits constitute the flavocytochrome b558, consisting of gp91phox (Nox2) and p22phox subunits. The cytosolic subunits form a complex in resting cells and are made of three subunits (p47phox, p40phox, p67phox). Upon leukocyte stimulation, the cytosolic subunits and the small GTPase Rac assemble with the flavocytochrome b558 in order to make a functional complex. Depending on the stimulus, the NADPH oxidase can assemble either at the phagosomal membrane or at the plasma membrane. Many studies have explored NOX2 activation; however, how this activation is sustained and regulated is still not completely clear. Here we review the multiple roles of NOX2 in neutrophil functions, with a focus on description of its components and their assembly mechanisms. We then explain the role of energy metabolism and phosphoinositides in regulating NADPH oxidase activity. In particular, we discuss: 1) the link between metabolic pathways and NOX2 activity regulation through neutrophil activation and the level of released ROS, and 2) the role of membrane phosphoinositides in controlling the duration of NOX2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Paclet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, T-RAIG, Grenoble, France
| | - Salomé Laurans
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, Orsay, France
- *Correspondence: Sophie Dupré-Crochet,
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Lack of Functional P110δ Affects Expression of Activation Marker CD80 but Does Not Influence Functions of Neutrophils. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126361. [PMID: 35742807 PMCID: PMC9223848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are specialized immune cells that are essential constituents of the innate immune response. They defend the organism against pathogens through various mechanisms. It was reported that phosphatidylinositols are key players in neutrophil functions, especially in the activity of class-I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks). P110δ, one of the PI3K subunits, is mostly expressed in immune cells, and its activity plays an important role in inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of p110δ in neutrophil antimicrobial functions, activation status and cytokine production. To this end, we used bone marrow and splenic neutrophils isolated from a murine model expressing catalytically inactive p110δD910A/D910A. The level of phagocytosis and degranulation, the expressions of activation markers and cytokine production were determined by flow cytometry. ROS generation and NET release were assessed by fluorometry and fluorescent microscopy. We observed a significantly higher percentage of CD80-positive cells among the splenic granulocytes and found granulocytes subpopulations of differing phenotypes between WT and p110δD910A/D910A mice by multiparametric tSNE analysis. Moreover, we detected some differences in the expressions of activation markers, intracellular production of cytokines and bacterial killing. However, we did not observe any alterations in the selected neutrophil functions in p110δ mutant mice. Altogether, our data suggest that the catalytic p110 subunit(s), other than p110δ, is a key player in most neutrophil functions in mice. A follow-up study to correlate these in vitro results with in vivo observations is highly recommended.
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Filina Y, Gabdoulkhakova A, Rizvanov A, Safronova V. MAP kinases in regulation of NOX activity stimulated through two types of formyl peptide receptors in murine bone marrow granulocytes. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110205. [PMID: 34826588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The functional activity of the phagocytes, as well as the development and resolution of the inflammation, is determined by formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) signaling. There is a growing data on the signaling pathways from two major types of formylpeptide receptors, FPR1 and FPR2, which could be activated by different sets of ligands to provide certain defense functions. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the membrane enzyme NADPH oxidase is the most important among them. One of the most studied and significant mechanism for the regulation of activity of NADPH oxidase is phosphorylation by a variety of kinases, including MAP kinases. The question arose whether the role of MAPKs differ in the activation of NADPH oxidase through FPR1 and FPR2. We have studied Fpr1- and Fpr2-induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK kinases and their role in the activation of the respiratory burst in isolated mice bone marrow granulocytes. Data has shown distinct patterns of MAP kinase activity for Fpr1 and Fpr2: JNK was involved in both Fpr1 and Fpr2 mediated activation of ROS production, while p38 MAPK and ERK were involved in Fpr1 induced ROS generation only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Filina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Aida Gabdoulkhakova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan State Medical Academy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina Safronova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
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7
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Xiang Q, Dong S, Li XH. A Review of Phosphocreatine 3 Kinase δ Subtype (PI3Kδ) and Its Inhibitors in Malignancy. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e932772. [PMID: 34625526 PMCID: PMC8513496 DOI: 10.12659/msm.932772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are caused by metastasis. The phosphocreatine 3-kinase (PI3K) family includes the I–III classes, with class I divided into 4 subtypes (α, β, γ, δ); and PI3K signaling participates in the regulatory processes of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and glucose transport. Moreover, PI3Ks are modulators of cellular membrane lipids involved in signaling and trafficking events. The PI3Kdelta isoform (PI3Kδ), which is not only specifically expressed in hematopoietic cells, but also in different tumor cell lines, is expressed extensively. The increase in PI3Kδ activity is often associated with a variety of cancers. Currently, the strategy of tumor therapy based on PI3Kδ and its related signaling pathway is developing. Besides its established role in controlling functions in autoimmunity and inflammation, the role of PI3Kδ in tumor and metastasis is not clearly elucidated, with the effects of inhibiting PI3Kδ in several types of tumors also remaining unexplored. In addition, the specific inhibitor of PI3Kδ in tumor progression and metastasis and its underlying mechanism need to be further studied. The purpose of this review is to rationalize the existing functions and mechanisms of PI3Kδ in tumor metastasis and the relationship with hematopoietic cells in cancers as well cross-talking with miRNA, which provides a new theoretical basis and potential therapeutic target for the drug therapy of tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xiang
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Shuai Dong
- Institute of Medicine, Medical Research Center, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xian-Hui Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan, China (mainland)
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8
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Berta GN, Di Scipio F, Yang Z, Oberto A, Abbadessa G, Romano F, Carere ME, Ceccarelli A, Hirsch E, Mognetti B. Chemical Oral Cancerogenesis Is Impaired in PI3Kγ Knockout and Kinase-Dead Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164211. [PMID: 34439365 PMCID: PMC8391366 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of PI3Kγ in oral carcinogenesis by using a murine model of oral squamous carcinoma generated by exposure to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) and the continuous human cancer cell line HSC-2 and Cal-27. PI3Kγ knockout (not expressing PI3Kγ), PI3Kγ kinase-dead (carrying a mutation in the PI3Kγ gene causing loss of kinase activity) and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice were administered 4NQO via drinking water to induce oral carcinomas. At sacrifice, lesions were histologically examined and stained for prognostic tumoral markers (EGFR, Neu, cKit, Ki67) and inflammatory infiltrate (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19 and CD68). Prevalence and incidence of preneoplastic and exophytic lesions were significantly and similarly delayed in both transgenic mice versus the control. The expression of prognostic markers, as well as CD19+ and CD68+ cells, was higher in WT, while T lymphocytes were more abundant in tongues isolated from transgenic mice. HSC-2 and Cal-27 cells were cultured in the presence of the specific PI3Kγ-inhibitor (IPI-549) which significantly impaired cell vitality in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by the MTT test. Here, we highlighted two different mechanisms, namely the modulation of the tumor-infiltrating cells and the direct inhibition of cancer-cell proliferation, which might impair oral cancerogenesis in the absence/inhibition of PI3Kγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nicolao Berta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.D.S.); (G.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.N.B.); (B.M.); Tel.: +39-011-670-5446 (G.N.B.); +39-011-670-4518 (B.M.)
| | - Federica Di Scipio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.D.S.); (G.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Zhiqian Yang
- Scientific Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, No. 19 Nonglinxia Road, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Alessandra Oberto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy;
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Giuliana Abbadessa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.D.S.); (G.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Federica Romano
- Department of Surgical Sciences, C.I.R. Dental School, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Maria Elisabetta Carere
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.D.S.); (G.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriano Ceccarelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy; (F.D.S.); (G.A.); (M.E.C.); (A.C.)
- Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, Regione Gonzole 10, 10043 Orbassano, TO, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Barbara Mognetti
- Department of Life Science and System Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.N.B.); (B.M.); Tel.: +39-011-670-5446 (G.N.B.); +39-011-670-4518 (B.M.)
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Kao TI, Chen PJ, Wang YH, Tseng HH, Chang SH, Wu TS, Yang SH, Lee YT, Hwang TL. Bletinib ameliorates neutrophilic inflammation and lung injury by inhibiting Src family kinase phosphorylation and activity. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:4069-4084. [PMID: 34131920 PMCID: PMC8518616 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neutrophil overactivation is crucial in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). Bletinib (3,3'-dihydroxy-2',6'-bis(p-hydroxybenzyl)-5-methoxybibenzyl), a natural bibenzyl, extracted from the Bletilla plant, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antimitotic effects. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of bletinib in human neutrophilic inflammation and LPS-mediated ALI in mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In human neutrophils activated with the formyl peptide (fMLP), we assessed integrin expression, superoxide anion production, degranulation, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and adhesion through flow cytometry, spectrophotometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunoblotting was used to measure phosphorylation of Src family kinases (SFKs) and downstream proteins. Finally, a LPS-induced ALI model in male BALB/c mice was used to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of bletinib treatment. KEY RESULTS In activated human neutrophils, bletinib reduced degranulation, respiratory burst, NET formation, adhesion, migration, and integrin expression; suppressed the enzymic activity of SFKs, including Src, Lyn, Fgr, and Hck; and inhibited the phosphorylation of SFKs as well as Vav and Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk). In mice with ALI, the pulmonary sections demonstrated considerable amelioration of prominent inflammatory changes, such as haemorrhage, pulmonary oedema, and neutrophil infiltration, after bletinib treatment. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Bletinib regulates neutrophilic inflammation by inhibiting the SFK-Btk-Vav pathway. Bletinib ameliorates LPS-induced ALI in mice. Further biochemical optimisation of bletinib may be a promising strategy for the development of novel therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-I Kao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Shung Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- Division of Chinese Internal Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Cosmetic Science, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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10
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Rossi B, Santos-Lima B, Terrabuio E, Zenaro E, Constantin G. Common Peripheral Immunity Mechanisms in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:639369. [PMID: 33679799 PMCID: PMC7933037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.639369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to inflammatory and autoimmune events, suggesting that the dysregulation of the immune system is a key pathological factor. Both multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are characterized by infiltrating immune cells, activated microglia, astrocyte proliferation, and neuronal damage. Moreover, MS and AD share a common pro-inflammatory signature, characterized by peripheral leukocyte activation and transmigration to the central nervous system (CNS). MS and AD are both characterized by the accumulation of activated neutrophils in the blood, leading to progressive impairment of the blood–brain barrier. Having migrated to the CNS during the early phases of MS and AD, neutrophils promote local inflammation that contributes to pathogenesis and clinical progression. The role of circulating T cells in MS is well-established, whereas the contribution of adaptive immunity to AD pathogenesis and progression is a more recent discovery. Even so, blocking the transmigration of T cells to the CNS can benefit both MS and AD patients, suggesting that common adaptive immunity mechanisms play a detrimental role in each disease. There is also growing evidence that regulatory T cells are beneficial during the initial stages of MS and AD, supporting the link between the modulatory immune compartments and these neurodegenerative disorders. The number of resting regulatory T cells declines in both diseases, indicating a common pathogenic mechanism involving the dysregulation of these cells, although their precise role in the control of neuroinflammation remains unclear. The modulation of leukocyte functions can benefit MS patients, so more insight into the role of peripheral immune cells may reveal new targets for pharmacological intervention in other neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Rossi
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Santos-Lima
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Terrabuio
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Zenaro
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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11
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Bouti P, Webbers SDS, Fagerholm SC, Alon R, Moser M, Matlung HL, Kuijpers TW. β2 Integrin Signaling Cascade in Neutrophils: More Than a Single Function. Front Immunol 2021; 11:619925. [PMID: 33679708 PMCID: PMC7930317 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.619925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most prevalent leukocytes in the human body. They have a pivotal role in the innate immune response against invading bacterial and fungal pathogens, while recent emerging evidence also demonstrates their role in cancer progression and anti-tumor responses. The efficient execution of many neutrophil effector responses requires the presence of β2 integrins, in particular CD11a/CD18 or CD11b/CD18 heterodimers. Although extensively studied at the molecular level, the exact signaling cascades downstream of β2 integrins still remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus mainly on inside-out and outside-in signaling of these two β2 integrin members expressed on neutrophils and describe differences between various neutrophil stimuli with respect to integrin activation, integrin ligand binding, and the pertinent differences between mouse and human studies. Last, we discuss how integrin signaling studies could be used to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting β2 integrins and the intracellular signaling cascade in neutrophils in several, among other, inflammatory conditions in which neutrophil activity should be dampened to mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Steven D S Webbers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanna C Fagerholm
- Research Program of Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ronen Alon
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Markus Moser
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Blood Cell Research, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), Emma Children's Hospital, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Canino J, Guidetti GF, Galgano L, Vismara M, Minetti G, Torti M, Canobbio I. The proline-rich tyrosine kinase Pyk2 modulates integrin-mediated neutrophil adhesion and reactive oxygen species generation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118799. [PMID: 32693110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are first responders in infection and inflammation. They are able to roll, adhere and transmigrate through the endothelium to reach the site of infection, where they fight pathogens through secretion of granule contents, production of reactive oxygen species, extrusion of neutrophil extracellular traps, and phagocytosis. In this study we explored the role of the non-receptor focal adhesion kinase Pyk2 in neutrophil adhesion and activation. Using a specific Pyk2 pharmacological inhibitor, PF-4594755, as well as Pyk2-deficient murine neutrophils, we found that Pyk2 is activated upon integrin αMβ2-mediated neutrophil adhesion to fibrinogen. This process is triggered by Src family kinases-mediated phosphorylation and supported by Pyk2 autophosphorylation on Y402. In neutrophil adherent to fibrinogen, Pyk2 activates PI3K-dependent pathways promoting the phosphorylation of Akt and of its downstream effector GSK3. Pyk2 also dynamically regulates MAP kinases in fibrinogen-adherent neutrophils, as it stimulates p38MAPK but negatively regulates ERK1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of Pyk2 significantly prevented adhesion of human neutrophils to fibrinogen, and neutrophils from Pyk2-knockout mice showed a reduced ability to adhere compared to wildtype cells. Accordingly, neutrophil adhesion to fibrinogen was reduced upon inhibition of p38MAPK but potentiated by ERK1/2 inhibition. Neutrophil adherent to fibrinogen, but not to polylysine, were able to produce ROS upon lipopolysaccharide challenge and ROS production was completely suppressed upon inhibition of Pyk2. By contrast PMA-induced ROS production by neutrophil adherent to either fibrinogen or polylysine was independent from Pyk2. Altogether these results demonstrate that Pyk2 is an important effector in the coordinated puzzle regulating neutrophil adhesion and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Canino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Luca Galgano
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy; Scuola Universitaria Superiore, IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mauro Vismara
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Torti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Canobbio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Italy.
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13
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Song Z, Hudik E, Le Bars R, Roux B, Dang PMC, El Benna J, Nüsse O, Dupré-Crochet S. Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases control sustained NADPH oxidase activation in adherent neutrophils. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114088. [PMID: 32531347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytes, especially neutrophils, can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), through the activation of the NADPH oxidase (NOX2). Although this enzyme is crucial for host-pathogen defense, ROS production by neutrophils can be harmful in several pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases or chronic pulmonary diseases. The ROS production by NOX2 involves the assembly of the cytosolic subunits (p67phox, p47phox, and p40phox) and Rac with the membrane subunits (gp91phox and p22phox). Many studies are devoted to the activation of NOX2. However, the mechanisms that cause NADPH oxidase deactivation and thus terminate ROS production are not well known. Here we investigated the ability of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) to sustain NADPH oxidase activation. The NADPH oxidase activation was triggered by seeding neutrophil-like PLB-985 cells, or human neutrophils on immobilized fibrinogen. Adhesion of the neutrophils, mediated by β2 integrins, induced activation of the NADPH oxidase and translocation of the cytosolic subunits at the plasma membrane. Inhibition of class I PI3Ks, and especially PI3Kβ, terminated ROS production. This deactivation of NOX2 is due to the release of the cytosolic subunits, p67phox and p47phox from the plasma membrane. Overexpression of an active form of Rac 1 did not prevent the drop of ROS production upon inhibition of class I PI3Ks. Moreover, the phosphorylation of p47phox at S328, a potential target of kinases activated by the PI3K pathway, was unchanged. Our results indicate that the experimental downregulation of class I PI3K products triggers the plasma membrane NADPH oxidase deactivation. Release of p47phox from the plasma membrane may involve its PX domains that bind PI3K products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Song
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Elodie Hudik
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Romain Le Bars
- Light microscopy core facility, Imagerie-Gif, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Blandine Roux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Inserm, UMR 1149, CNRS, ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Jamel El Benna
- Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI), Inserm, UMR 1149, CNRS, ERL8252, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Oliver Nüsse
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8000, Institut de Chimie Physique, 91405 Orsay, France.
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14
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Madi NM, Ibrahim RR, Alghazaly GM, Marea KE, El-Saka MH. The prospective curative role of lipoxin A 4 in induced gastric ulcer in rats: Possible involvement of mitochondrial dynamics signaling pathway. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1379-1392. [PMID: 32107872 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study purposed to examine the prospective curative role of lipoxin A4 (LXA4 ) in induced gastric ulcer in rats and explore the possible involvement of mitochondrial dynamics signaling pathway. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, indomethacin (IND), IND + omeprazole (IND + Omez), and IND+ LXA4 groups. At the end of the experiment, the gastric pH, gastric fluid volume, total gastric acidity, ulcer index, and curative index were estimated. The gene expression of mitochondrial related protein 1 and mitofusin 2 were determined. In addition, some mitochondrial parameters include mitochondrial transmembrane potential, complex-I activity and reactive oxygen species were measured. Also, some gastric biochemical parameters, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses of the gastric mucosa were determined. We found that IND induced gastric ulcer, as manifested by the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses. Both Omez and LXA4 treatment for 15 days alleviated the IND-induced gastric ulcer as explored by ameliorating the biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. We concluded that LXA4 mitigated the IND-induced gastric ulcer via improving the mitochondrial dynamic imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, in addition to its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin M Madi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rowida R Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Alghazaly
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Karima E Marea
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mervat H El-Saka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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15
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16
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Tavares LD, Galvão I, Costa VV, Batista NV, Rossi LCR, Brito CB, Reis AC, Queiroz-Junior CM, Braga AD, Coelho FM, Dias AC, Zamboni DS, Pinho V, Teixeira MM, Amaral FA, Souza DG. Phosphoinositide-3 kinase gamma regulates caspase-1 activation and leukocyte recruitment in acute murine gout. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:619-629. [PMID: 31392775 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.ma1118-470rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the participation of PI3Kγ in the development of joint inflammation and dysfunction in an experimental model of acute gout in mice. Acute gout was induced by injection of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals into the tibiofemoral joint of mice. The involvement of PI3Kγ was evaluated using a selective inhibitor and mice deficient for PI3Kγ (PI3Kγ-/- ) or with loss of kinase activity. Neutrophils recovered from the inflamed joint were quantified and stained for phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The adherence of leukocytes to the joint microvasculature was assessed by intravital microscopy and cleaved caspase-1 by Western blot. Injection of MSU crystals induced massive accumulation of neutrophils expressing phosphorylated Akt. In the absence of PI3Kγ, there was reduction of pAkt expression, chemokine production, and neutrophil recruitment. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ reduced the adherence of leukocytes to the joint microvasculature, even in joints with established inflammation. Neutrophils from PI3Kγ-/- mice produced less ROS than wild-type neutrophils. There was decreased joint damage and dysfunction in the absence of PI3Kγ. In addition, in the absence of PI3Kγ activity, there was reduction of cleaved caspase-1 and IL-1β production in synovial tissue after injection of MSU crystals and leukotriene B4 . Our studies suggest that PI3Kγ is crucial for MSU crystal-induced acute joint inflammation. It is necessary for regulating caspase-1 activation and for mediating neutrophil migration and activation. Drugs that impair PI3Kγ function may be useful to control acute gout inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia D Tavares
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vivian V Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nathalia V Batista
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lívia C R Rossi
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila B Brito
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alesandra C Reis
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Amanda D Braga
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M Coelho
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ana C Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dario S Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo FMRP/USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniele G Souza
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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17
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Irtegun-Kandemir S, Icen-Taskin I, Bozkurt M, Kalkanli-Tas S. mRNA Expression Profile of SFKs and Involvement of SFKs in the Regulation of LPS-Induced Erk1/2 Signaling in PBMCs of Active BD Patients. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:809-817. [PMID: 30659554 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190119101756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behcet's Disease (BD) is a multisystemic inflammatory disorder affecting large vessels, lungs joints, gastrointestinal and neurological systems. The pathogenesis of BD remains poorly understood. Identifying the key signaling pathway is crucial for a complete understanding of the pathogenesis of BD. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine mRNA expression level of Src family kinases (SFKs) members and their involvement in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of active BD patients. METHODS Twenty- five active BD patients and twenty-five healthy controls were included in the study. PBMCs were isolated from total blood by density gradient centrifugation. The mRNA expression levels of SFKs members were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The effect of SFKs activity on LPS-induced activation MAPKs (Erk1/2, p38 and JNK) was examined by Western blot. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of Hck, Src, Lyn, Yes and Fyn were found to be slightly decreased in active BD patients compared to the control subjects, but a slight change in mRNA level of SFKs members did not impact on protein levels and protein activity. LPS-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation was significantly increased in the absence of SFKs activity in active BD patients. However, inhibition of SFKs activity had no effect on LPS-induced phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in both controls and active BD patients. CONCLUSION SFKs downregulate LPS-induced Erk1/2 phosphorylation in PBMCs of active BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Irtegun-Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Irmak Icen-Taskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Bozkurt
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Kalkanli-Tas
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Vogt KL, Summers C, Chilvers ER, Condliffe AM. Priming and de-priming of neutrophil responses in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12967. [PMID: 29896919 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation status of neutrophils can cycle from basal through primed to fully activated ("green-amber-red"), and at least in vitro, primed cells can spontaneously revert to a near basal phenotype. This broad range of neutrophil responsiveness confers extensive functional flexibility, allowing neutrophils to respond rapidly and appropriately to varied and evolving threats throughout the body. Primed and activated cells display dramatically enhanced bactericidal capacity (including augmented respiratory burst activity, degranulation and longevity), but this enhancement also confers the capacity for significant unintended tissue injury. Neutrophil priming and its consequences have been associated with adverse outcomes in a range of disease states, hence understanding the signalling processes that regulate the transition between basal and primed states (and back again) may offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in pathological settings. A wide array of host- and pathogen-derived molecules is able to modulate the functional status of these versatile cells. Reflecting this extensive repertoire of potential mediators, priming can be established by a range of signalling pathways (including mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipase D and calcium transients) and intracellular processes (including endocytosis, vesicle trafficking and the engagement of adhesion molecules). The signalling pathways engaged, and the exact cellular phenotype that results, vary according to the priming agent(s) to which the neutrophil is exposed and the precise environmental context. Herein we describe the signals that establish priming (in particular for enhanced respiratory burst, degranulation and prolonged lifespan) and describe the recently recognised process of de-priming, correlating in vitro observations with in vivo significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja L Vogt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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19
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Garcia CC, Tavares LP, Dias ACF, Kehdy F, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Queiroz-Junior CM, Galvão I, Lima BH, Matos AR, Gonçalves APF, Soriani FM, Moraes MO, Marques JT, Siqueira MM, Machado AMV, Sousa LP, Russo RC, Teixeira MM. Phosphatidyl Inositol 3 Kinase-Gamma Balances Antiviral and Inflammatory Responses During Influenza A H1N1 Infection: From Murine Model to Genetic Association in Patients. Front Immunol 2018; 9:975. [PMID: 29867955 PMCID: PMC5962662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes severe pulmonary disease characterized by intense leukocyte infiltration. Phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3Ks) are central signaling enzymes, involved in cell growth, survival, and migration. Class IB PI3K or phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ), mainly expressed by leukocytes, is involved in cell migration during inflammation. Here, we investigated the contribution of PI3Kγ for the inflammatory and antiviral responses to IAV. PI3Kγ knockout (KO) mice were highly susceptible to lethality following infection with influenza A/WSN/33 H1N1. In the early time points of infection, infiltration of neutrophils was higher than WT mice whereas type-I and type-III IFN expression and p38 activation were reduced in PI3Kγ KO mice resulting in higher viral loads when compared with WT mice. Blockade of p38 in WT macrophages infected with IAV reduced levels of interferon-stimulated gene 15 protein to those induced in PI3Kγ KO macrophages, suggesting that p38 is downstream of antiviral responses mediated by PI3Kγ. PI3Kγ KO-derived fibroblasts or macrophages showed reduced type-I IFN transcription and altered pro-inflammatory cytokines suggesting a cell autonomous imbalance between inflammatory and antiviral responses. Seven days after IAV infection, there were reduced infiltration of natural killer cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes, increased concentration of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar fluid, reduced numbers of resolving macrophages, and IL-10 levels in PI3Kγ KO. This imbalanced environment in PI3Kγ KO-infected mice culminated in enhanced lung neutrophil infiltration, reactive oxygen species release, and lung damage that together with the increased viral loads, contributed to higher mortality in PI3Kγ KO mice compared with WT mice. In humans, we tested the genetic association of disease severity in influenza A/H1N1pdm09-infected patients with three potentially functional PIK3CG single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs1129293, rs17847825, and rs2230460. We observed that SNPs rs17847825 and rs2230460 (A and T alleles, respectively) were significantly associated with protection from severe disease using the recessive model in patients infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Altogether, our results suggest that PI3Kγ is crucial in balancing antiviral and inflammatory responses to IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana C Garcia
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina F Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Kehdy
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Elena Alvarado-Arnez
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Coordinación Nacional de Investigación, UNIFRANZ, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Celso M Queiroz-Junior
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Izabela Galvão
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Braulio H Lima
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Inflamação e Dor, Departamento de Farmacologia, Prédio Central, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline R Matos
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico M Soriani
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Milton O Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João T Marques
- Laboratório de RNA de Interferência, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marilda M Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre M V Machado
- Laboratório de Imunologia de Doenças Virais, Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Remo C Russo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunologia e Mecânica Pulmonar, Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Kawai T, Tatsumi S, Kihara S, Sakimura K, Okamura Y. Mechanistic insight into the suppression of microglial ROS production by voltage-gated proton channels (VSOP/Hv1). Channels (Austin) 2017; 12:1-8. [PMID: 28961043 PMCID: PMC5972804 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2017.1385684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated proton channels (VSOP/Hv1) reportedly promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in several immune cell types. However, we recently reported that primary microglia from VSOP/Hv1-deficient mice show higher ROS production than those from WT mice. Microglia may show a distinct activation status between WT and VSOP/Hv1-deficient cells, leading to a distinct level of ROS production between them. This is unlikely, however, because ROS production in VSOP/Hv1-deficient microglia remained higher than in WT microglia when the cells were exposed to LPS. Further, this increase in ROS production in VSOP/Hv1-deficient cells was not observed in macrophages, which suggests microglia have a unique mechanism of VSOP/Hv1-dependent ROS regulation. The mechanism underlying this unconventional ROS regulation by VSOP/Hv1 in microglia is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Kawai
- a Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Osaka , JAPAN
| | - Shoki Tatsumi
- a Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Osaka , JAPAN.,b Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University , Osaka , JAPAN.,c Department of Biomedical Informatics , Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Osaka , JAPAN
| | - Shinji Kihara
- c Department of Biomedical Informatics , Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Osaka , JAPAN
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- d Department of Cellular Neurobiology , Brain Research Institute, Niigata University , Niigata , JAPAN
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- a Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine , Osaka University , Osaka , JAPAN.,b Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University , Osaka , JAPAN
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Nguyen GT, Green ER, Mecsas J. Neutrophils to the ROScue: Mechanisms of NADPH Oxidase Activation and Bacterial Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:373. [PMID: 28890882 PMCID: PMC5574878 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 439] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by NADPH oxidase play an important role in antimicrobial host defense and inflammation. Their deficiency in humans results in recurrent and severe bacterial infections, while their unregulated release leads to pathology from excessive inflammation. The release of high concentrations of ROS aids in clearance of invading bacteria. Localization of ROS release to phagosomes containing pathogens limits tissue damage. Host immune cells, like neutrophils, also known as PMNs, will release large amounts of ROS at the site of infection following the activation of surface receptors. The binding of ligands to G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), toll-like receptors, and cytokine receptors can prime PMNs for a more robust response if additional signals are encountered. Meanwhile, activation of Fc and integrin directly induces high levels of ROS production. Additionally, GPCRs that bind to the bacterial-peptide analog fMLP, a neutrophil chemoattractant, can both prime cells and trigger low levels of ROS production. Engagement of these receptors initiates intracellular signaling pathways, resulting in activation of downstream effector proteins, assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex, and ultimately, the production of ROS by this complex. Within PMNs, ROS released by the NADPH oxidase complex can activate granular proteases and induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Additionally, ROS can cross the membranes of bacterial pathogens and damage their nucleic acids, proteins, and cell membranes. Consequently, in order to establish infections, bacterial pathogens employ various strategies to prevent restriction by PMN-derived ROS or downstream consequences of ROS production. Some pathogens are able to directly prevent the oxidative burst of phagocytes using secreted effector proteins or toxins that interfere with translocation of the NADPH oxidase complex or signaling pathways needed for its activation. Nonetheless, these pathogens often rely on repair and detoxifying proteins in addition to these secreted effectors and toxins in order to resist mammalian sources of ROS. This suggests that pathogens have both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms to avoid restriction by PMN-derived ROS. Here, we review mechanisms of oxidative burst in PMNs in response to bacterial infections, as well as the mechanisms by which bacterial pathogens thwart restriction by ROS to survive under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Nguyen
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts UniversityBoston, MA, United States
| | - Erin R Green
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
| | - Joan Mecsas
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts UniversityBoston, MA, United States.,Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of MedicineBoston, MA, United States
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Regulation of Siglec-8-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production and eosinophil cell death by Src family kinases. Immunobiology 2016; 222:343-349. [PMID: 27682013 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Siglec-8 is a surface receptor predominantly expressed on human eosinophils where its ligation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cell death. Since Siglec-8 has intracellular tyrosine-based motifs, we hypothesized that Src family kinases (SFKs) are involved in ROS formation and cell death induced by Siglec-8 engagement. METHODS Human peripheral blood eosinophils were purified and incubated with anti-Siglec-8 monoclonal antibodies (mAb, agonist), IL-5, and SFK pharmacological inhibitors. We focused on Siglec-8-induced cell death in short-term IL-5-activated cells leading to a regulated necrosis-type cell death. ROS production was determined by dihydrorhodamine (DHR) 123 labeling and flow cytometry, or by chemiluminescence using Amplex red. Activation of SFK was determined using phospholuminex and Western blotting. RESULTS In order to determine cellular localization of ROS production, we measured intra and extracellular ROS. While an ETosis stimulus (calcium ionophore A23187) led to extracellular ROS (ecROS) production, Siglec-8-engagement in short-term IL-5 activated cells led to intracellular ROS (icROS) accumulation. Consistently, inhibition of extracellular ROS by catalase inhibited ETosis, but not IL-5-primed Siglec-8-induced cell death. In order to determine signaling events for Siglec-8, we performed Western blotting and found SFK phosphorylation in lysates from eosinophils stimulated with anti-Siglec-8 mAb±IL-5. In order to identify which SFKs were involved, we used the phospholuminex assay and found increased levels of phosphorylated Fgr in the cytoplasmic fraction of cells co-stimulated with anti-Siglec-8 and IL-5 for 3 hours compared with cells stimulated with IL-5 alone. To test the involvement of SFKs in ROS production and cell death, we used SFK inhibitors PP2 and dasatinib, both of which completely inhibited eosinophil ROS production and cell death induced by anti-Siglec-8 and IL-5 co-stimulation. CONCLUSION Siglec-8 engagement in short-term IL-5-activated eosinophils causes icROS production and SKF phosphorylation, and both are essential in mediating Siglec-8-induced cell death.
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Photo-enhancement of macrophage phagocytic activity via Rac1-mediated signaling pathway: Implications for bacterial infection. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 78:206-216. [PMID: 27345261 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytosis and the subsequent destruction of invading pathogens by macrophages are indispensable steps in host immune responses to microbial infections. Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) has been found to exert photobiological effects on immune responses, but the signaling mechanisms underlying this photobiomodulation of phagocytosis remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that LPLI enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages by stimulating the activation of Rac1. The overexpression of constitutively activated Rac1 clearly enhanced LPLI-induced phagocytosis, whereas the overexpression of dominant negative Rac1 exerted the opposite effect. The phosphorylation of cofilin was involved in the effects of LPLI on phagocytosis, which was regulated by the membrane translocation and activation of Rac1. Furthermore, the photoactivation of Rac1 was dependent on the Src/PI3K/Vav1 pathway. The inhibition of the Src/PI3K pathway significantly suppressed LPLI-induced actin polymerization and phagocytosis enhancement. Additionally, LPLI-treated mice exhibited increased survival and a decreased organ bacterial load when challenged with Listeria monocytogenes, indicating that LPLI enhanced macrophage phagocytosis in vivo. These findings highlight the important roles of the Src/PI3K/Vav1/Rac1/cofilin pathway in regulating macrophage phagocytosis and provide a potential strategy for treating phagocytic deficiency via LPLI.
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Anti-inflammatory effects of Perilla frutescens in activated human neutrophils through two independent pathways: Src family kinases and Calcium. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18204. [PMID: 26659126 PMCID: PMC4677386 DOI: 10.1038/srep18204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. have been traditionally used as an herbal medicine in East Asian countries to treat a variety diseases. In this present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of P. frutescens extract (PFE) on N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF)-stimulated human neutrophils and the underlying mechanisms. PFE (1, 3, and 10 μg/ml) inhibited superoxide anion production, elastase release, reactive oxygen species formation, CD11b expression, and cell migration in fMLF-activated human neutrophils in dose-dependent manners. PFE inhibited fMLF-induced phosphorylation of the Src family kinases (SFKs), Src (Tyr416) and Lyn (Tyr396), and reduced their enzymatic activities. Both PFE and PP2 (a selective inhibitor of SFKs) reduced the phosphorylation of Burton’s tyrosine kinases (Tyr223) and Vav (Tyr174) in fMLF-activated human neutrophils. Additionally, PFE decreased intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i), whereas PP2 prolonged the time required for [Ca2+]i to return to its basal level. Our findings indicated that PFE effectively regulated the inflammatory activities of fMLF-activated human neutrophils. The anti-inflammatory effects of PFE on activated human neutrophils were mediated through two independent signaling pathways involving SFKs (Src and Lyn) and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+.
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Zenaro E, Pietronigro E, Della Bianca V, Piacentino G, Marongiu L, Budui S, Turano E, Rossi B, Angiari S, Dusi S, Montresor A, Carlucci T, Nanì S, Tosadori G, Calciano L, Catalucci D, Berton G, Bonetti B, Constantin G. Neutrophils promote Alzheimer's disease-like pathology and cognitive decline via LFA-1 integrin. Nat Med 2015. [PMID: 26214837 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and innate immune cells have been shown to contribute to disease pathogenesis. In two transgenic models of Alzheimer's disease (5xFAD and 3xTg-AD mice), neutrophils extravasated and were present in areas with amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits, where they released neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and IL-17. Aβ42 peptide triggered the LFA-1 integrin high-affinity state and rapid neutrophil adhesion to integrin ligands. In vivo, LFA-1 integrin controlled neutrophil extravasation into the CNS and intraparenchymal motility. In transgenic Alzheimer's disease models, neutrophil depletion or inhibition of neutrophil trafficking via LFA-1 blockade reduced Alzheimer's disease-like neuropathology and improved memory in mice already showing cognitive dysfunction. Temporary depletion of neutrophils for 1 month at early stages of disease led to sustained improvements in memory. Transgenic Alzheimer's disease model mice lacking LFA-1 were protected from cognitive decline and had reduced gliosis. In humans with Alzheimer's disease, neutrophils adhered to and spread inside brain venules and were present in the parenchyma, along with NETs. Our results demonstrate that neutrophils contribute to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and cognitive impairment and suggest that the inhibition of neutrophil trafficking may be beneficial in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zenaro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrica Pietronigro
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Gennj Piacentino
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Marongiu
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Budui
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ermanna Turano
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Neurology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Angiari
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Dusi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessio Montresor
- 1] Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. [2] The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tommaso Carlucci
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Nanì
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tosadori
- 1] Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. [2] The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniele Catalucci
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research (IRGB), and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Berton
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Bonetti
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, Neurology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Constantin
- 1] Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy. [2] The Center for Biomedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Poh AR, O'Donoghue RJ, Ernst M. Hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) as a therapeutic target in immune and cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:15752-71. [PMID: 26087188 PMCID: PMC4599235 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hematopoietic cell kinase (HCK) is a member of the SRC family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases (SFKs), and is expressed in cells of the myeloid and B-lymphocyte cell lineages. Excessive HCK activation is associated with several types of leukemia and enhances cell proliferation and survival by physical association with oncogenic fusion proteins, and with functional interactions with receptor tyrosine kinases. Elevated HCK activity is also observed in many solid malignancies, including breast and colon cancer, and correlates with decreased patient survival rates. HCK enhances the secretion of growth factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines from myeloid cells, and promotes macrophage polarization towards a wound healing and tumor-promoting alternatively activated phenotype. Within tumor associated macrophages, HCK stimulates the formation of podosomes that facilitate extracellular matrix degradation, which enhance immune and epithelial cell invasion. By virtue of functional cooperation between HCK and bona fide oncogenic tyrosine kinases, excessive HCK activation can also reduce drug efficacy and contribute to chemo-resistance, while genetic ablation of HCK results in minimal physiological consequences in healthy mice. Given its known crystal structure, HCK therefore provides an attractive therapeutic target to both, directly inhibit the growth of cancer cells, and indirectly curb the source of tumor-promoting changes in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh R. Poh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J.J. O'Donoghue
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthias Ernst
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Cohen HC, Frost DC, Lieberthal TJ, Li L, Kao WJ. Biomaterials differentially regulate Src kinases and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ in polymorphonuclear leukocyte primary and tertiary granule release. Biomaterials 2015; 50:47-55. [PMID: 25736495 PMCID: PMC5866922 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the foreign body response, infiltrating PMNs exocytose granule subsets to influence subsequent downstream inflammatory and wound healing events. In previous studies, we found that PMNs cultured on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-containing hydrogels (i.e., PEG and gelatin + PEG hydrogels) had enhanced primary granule release, yet similar tertiary granule release compared with PMNs cultured on polydimethylsiloxane or tissue culture polystyrene. PMN primary granules contain microbicidal proteins and proteases, which can potentially injure bystander cells, degrade the extracellular matrix, and promote inflammation. Here, we sought to understand the mechanism of the enhanced primary granule release from PMNs on PEG hydrogels. We found that primary granule release from PMNs on PEG hydrogels was adhesion mediated and involved Src family kinases and PI3K-γ. The addition of gelatin to PEG hydrogels did not further enhance PMN primary granule release. Using stable-isotope dimethyl labeling-based shotgun proteomics, we identified many serum proteins - including Ig gamma constant chain region proteins and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 - that were absorbed/adsorbed in higher quantities on PEG hydrogels than on TCPS, and may be involved in mediating PMN primary granule release. Ultimately, this mechanistic knowledge can be used to direct inflammation and wound healing following biomaterial implantation to promote a more favorable healing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Caitlin Cohen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Dustin C Frost
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Tyler Jacob Lieberthal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - W John Kao
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Tsai YF, Yu HP, Chang WY, Liu FC, Huang ZC, Hwang TL. Sirtinol inhibits neutrophil elastase activity and attenuates lipopolysaccharide-mediated acute lung injury in mice. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8347. [PMID: 25666548 PMCID: PMC4322352 DOI: 10.1038/srep08347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced activity of neutrophil elastase leads to a protease–antiprotease imbalance, and plays an essential pathogenic role in acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome. We assayed the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of the action of sirtinol in human neutrophils, and in neutrophil elastase (HNE)-induced paw edema and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated ALI in mice. Sirtinol significantly inhibited the activity of HNE from human neutrophils in response to various stimulators. The inhibitory effects on HNE activity were not mediated through protein kinase A, calcium, extracellular-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, Akt, or Src family kinases. Analysis of enzymatic activities showed that sirtinol inhibited HNE activity in a concentration-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that sirtinol does not affect neutrophil function and is an HNE inhibitor. In addition, administration of sirtinol significantly inhibited HNE-induced paw edema, and attenuated the myeloperoxidase activity and reduced pulmonary wet/dry weight ratio in the LPS-induced ALI mouse model. Our study indicates that sirtinol has anti-inflammatory effects through direct inhibition of HNE activity and attenuates HNE-induced and LPS-mediated tissue or organ injury in vivo. Sirtinol is a novel HNE inhibitor and may have the potential for clinical application in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fong Tsai
- 1] Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [3] Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- 1] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yi Chang
- 1] Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- 1] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Zhen-Cheng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- 1] Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan [2] Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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29
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Yang SC, Sung PJ, Lin CF, Kuo J, Chen CY, Hwang TL. Anti-inflammatory effects of secondary metabolites of marine Pseudomonas sp. in human neutrophils are through inhibiting P38 MAPK, JNK, and calcium pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114761. [PMID: 25474595 PMCID: PMC4256452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated neutrophils play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. The metabolites of marine microorganisms are increasingly employed as sources for developing new drugs; however, very few marine drugs have been studied in human neutrophils. Herein, we showed that secondary metabolites of marine Pseudomonas sp. (N11) significantly inhibited superoxide anion generation and elastase release in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils, with IC50 values of 0.67±0.38 µg/ml and 0.84±0.12 µg/ml, respectively. In cell-free systems, neither superoxide anion-scavenging effect nor inhibition of elastase activity was associated with the suppressive effects of N11. N11 inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and JNK, but not Erk and Akt, in FMLP-induced human neutrophils. Also, N11 dose-dependently attenuated the transient elevation of intracellular calcium concentration in activated neutrophils. In contrast, N11 failed to alter phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide anion generation, and the inhibitory effects of N11 were not reversed by protein kinase A inhibitor. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effects of N11 on superoxide anion generation and elastase release in activated human neutrophils are through inhibiting p38 MAP kinase, JNK, and calcium pathways. Our results suggest that N11 has the potential to be developed to treat neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jimmy Kuo
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, and Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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30
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Yang Y, Sheng M, Huang F, Bu D, Liu X, Yao Y, Dai C, Sun B, Zhu J, Jiao Y, Wei Z, Zhu H, Lu L, Zhao Y, Jiang C, Wang R. Downregulation of Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 is associated with ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma growth. Pituitary 2014; 17:505-13. [PMID: 24379119 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-013-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-dependent Cushing's syndrome, called Cushing disease, is caused by a corticotroph tumor of the pituitary gland. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP6), which regulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) activity and inhibits several IGF2-dependent cancer growths, plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis of malignancy, but its roles in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate IGFBP6 expression in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, and its involvement in tumor growth. METHODS Sporadic ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas specimens (n = 41) and adjacent non-tumorous pituitary tissues (n = 9) were collected by transphenoidal surgery. IGFBP6 expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and validated by Western blotting. Associations of IGFBP6 expression with maximum tumor diameter or Ki-67 labeling index were evaluated in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. RESULTS IGFBP6 mRNA and protein expression were both decreased in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas, compared to adjacent non-tumorous pituitary tissues (P < 0.01). IGFBP6 expression was correlated inversely with maximum tumor diameter (Rho = -0.53, P < 0.0001) and Ki-67 levels (Rho = -0.52, P < 0.05). Moreover, IGFBP6 downregulation activated PI3 K-AKT-mTOR pathway in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas. CONCLUSIONS IGFBP6 attenuation in ACTH-secreting pituitary adenomas is associated with tumor growth, through activation of PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway. The finding underlies IGFBP6 roles in Cushing disease and would potentially provide a novel target of medical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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Nanì S, Fumagalli L, Sinha U, Kamen L, Scapini P, Berton G. Src family kinases and Syk are required for neutrophil extracellular trap formation in response to β-glucan particles. J Innate Immun 2014; 7:59-73. [PMID: 25277753 DOI: 10.1159/000365249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that particles of β-glucan, one of the surface components of yeasts, are powerful inducers of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in human neutrophils. β-Glucan triggered a prolonged phosphorylation of Src family kinases and Syk that were suppressed by the Src family inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3, 4-d] pyrimidine (PP2) and a novel Syk inhibitor, PRT-060318, respectively. PP2 and PRT-060318 also inhibited β-glucan-induced NET formation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, suggesting that both responses are triggered by a Src/Syk-regulated signaling pathway. Given that the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) markedly inhibited NET formation, our findings suggest that ROS are required for the full-blown formation of NETs in response to β-glucan particles. Contrary to β-glucan, ROS generation triggered by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was unaffected by PP2 and PRT-060318, but these compounds, as well as DPI, suppressed Src/Syk phosphorylation triggered by PMA. Whereas PP2 had no effect on PMA-induced NET formation, PRT-060318 had a significant, albeit partial, inhibitory effect, thus suggesting that ROS induce NET formation in part via activation of Syk. These findings were substantiated by the evidence that neutrophils from mice with the conditional deletion of Syk were defective in formation of NETs in response to β-glucan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nanì
- Section of General Pathology, Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Maugeri N, Rovere-Querini P, Baldini M, Baldissera E, Sabbadini MG, Bianchi ME, Manfredi AA. Oxidative stress elicits platelet/leukocyte inflammatory interactions via HMGB1: a candidate for microvessel injury in sytemic sclerosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1060-74. [PMID: 24070090 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS An abnormal generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to contribute to systemic sclerosis (SSc), fostering autoimmunity, fibrosis, and vascular inflammation. The function of the prototypic damage-associated molecular pattern, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), depends on its redox status. Here we investigate whether oxidative stress regulates the cross-talk between leukocytes and platelets via HMGB1, thus contributing to vessel inflammation in SSc. RESULTS The oxidation of HMGB1 amplified its ability to activate neutrophils, as detected assessing the redistribution of primary granule molecules and the transactivation of the β2 integrin chain CD18. Activated platelets are a source of bioactive HMGB1 and via P-selectin stimulated neutrophils to generate ROS. Oxidized extracellular HMGB1, soluble or associated to platelet membrane or to platelet-derived microparticles (PDμPs), further increased leukocyte activation. Leukocyte activation abated in the presence of inhibitors of HMGB1 or of catalase, which catalyzes the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen. The redistribution of the content of primary granules and the transactivation of β2 integrins characterized blood leukocytes of SSc patients and membrane HMGB1 was significantly higher in patients with pulmonary hypertension or with diffuse SSc. HMGB1(+) microparticles (μPs) purified from SSc patients, but not HMGB1(-) μPs purified from control subjects, activated in vitro healthy neutrophils, and HMGB1 inhibitors reversed the effects of μPs. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION ROS dramatically increase the ability of extracellular HMGB1 to activate blood leukocytes. This event might contribute to maintain the microvascular injury of patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Maugeri
- 1 Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, and Department of Medicine, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milano, Italy
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Ramagopalan SV, Valdar W, Dyment DA, DeLuca GC, Yee IM, Giovannoni G, Ebers GC, Sadovnick AD. Association of Infectious Mononucleosis with Multiple Sclerosis. Neuroepidemiology 2009; 32:257-62. [DOI: 10.1159/000201564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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