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Zhu B, Chen S, Bai Y, Chen H, Liao G, Mukherjee N, Vazquez G, McIlwain DR, Tzankov A, Lee IT, Matter MS, Goltsev Y, Ma Z, Nolan GP, Jiang S. Robust single-cell matching and multimodal analysis using shared and distinct features. Nat Methods 2023; 20:304-315. [PMID: 36624212 PMCID: PMC9911356 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01709-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to align individual cellular information from multiple experimental sources is fundamental for a systems-level understanding of biological processes. However, currently available tools are mainly designed for single-cell transcriptomics matching and integration, and generally rely on a large number of shared features across datasets for cell matching. This approach underperforms when applied to single-cell proteomic datasets due to the limited number of parameters simultaneously accessed and lack of shared markers across these experiments. Here, we introduce a cell-matching algorithm, matching with partial overlap (MARIO) that accounts for both shared and distinct features, while consisting of vital filtering steps to avoid suboptimal matching. MARIO accurately matches and integrates data from different single-cell proteomic and multimodal methods, including spatial techniques and has cross-species capabilities. MARIO robustly matched tissue macrophages identified from COVID-19 lung autopsies via codetection by indexing imaging to macrophages recovered from COVID-19 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, revealing unique immune responses within the lung microenvironment of patients with COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bokai Zhu
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Shuxiao Chen
- grid.25879.310000 0004 1936 8972Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Yunhao Bai
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Han Chen
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Guanrui Liao
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Nilanjan Mukherjee
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Gustavo Vazquez
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - David R. McIlwain
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Alexandar Tzankov
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan T. Lee
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Matthias S. Matter
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yury Goltsev
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Zongming Ma
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA.
| | - Garry P. Nolan
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Sizun Jiang
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Renman E, Ekici R, Sundström M, Lejon K. HSC70 is a novel binding partner involved in the capture of immunoglobulins on B cells in the NOD mouse. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:520-528. [PMID: 36120986 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2117307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
B cells have been shown to be essential for Type 1 diabetes development in the non-obese diabetic mouse, where their contribution as antigen presenting cells has been emphasised. Other important functions for B cells include surface capture of immunoglobulins and transportation of immune complexes, with subsequent endocytosis, antigen processing and antigen presentation. We have previously demonstrated that NOD B cells capture IgM and IgG immune complexes through an unknown surface molecule. In this study, we revealed the presumptive immunoglobulin-binding molecule to be HSC70. Moreover, we detected increased levels of HSC70 on NOD B cells. HSC70 has been shown to play a role in antigen processing and presentation as well as being important in several autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Due to its protein stabilising properties, increased HSC70 could contribute to enhanced self-antigen collection and presentation and thereby contribute to the development of Type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Renman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rifat Ekici
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mia Sundström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristina Lejon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology Umeå, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Kim DS, Na HS, Cho KH, Lee KH, Choi J, Kwok SK, Bae YS, Cho ML, Park SH. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine ameliorates experimental sjögren's syndrome by regulating salivary gland inflammation and hypofunction, and regulatory B cells. Immunol Lett 2022; 248:62-69. [PMID: 35732207 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells infiltrate the exocrine gland. Since SS is caused by a disorder of the immune system, treatments should regulate the immune response. Sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) is a sphingolipid that mediates cellular signaling. In immune cells, SPC has several immunomodulatory functions. Accordingly, this study verifies the immunomodulatory ability and therapeutic effect of SPC in SS. To understand the function of SPC in SS, we treated SPC in female NOD/ShiJcl (NOD) mice. The mice were monitored for 10 weeks, and inflammation in the salivary glands was checked. After SPC treatment, we detected the expression of regulatory B (Breg) cells in mouse splenocytes and the level of salivary secretion-related genes in human submandibular gland (HSG) cells. Salivary flow rate was maintained in the SPC-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group, and inflammation in the salivary gland tissues was relieved by SPC. SPC treatment in mouse cells and HSG cells enhanced Breg cells and salivary secretion markers, respectively. This study revealed that SPC can be considered as a new therapeutic agent against SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Som Kim
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sik Na
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hyung Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Hee Lee
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - JeongWon Choi
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-La Cho
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Lab of Translational ImmunoMedicine, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Hwan Park
- Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
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Sáez Moya M, Gutiérrez-Cózar R, Puñet-Ortiz J, Rodríguez de la Concepción ML, Blanco J, Carrillo J, Engel P. Autoimmune B Cell Repertoire in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:666545. [PMID: 33968069 PMCID: PMC8103202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.666545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In genetically prone individuals, chronic immune activation may lead to expansion of autoreactive lymphocyte clones that can induce organ damage developing autoimmune disorders. Sjögren’s Syndrome (SjS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects exocrine glands. Despite the accumulated evidences of profound B-cell alterations of humoral immunity, the repertoire and development of B-cell autoreactivity in SjS remains to be determined. We hypothesize that SjS mice will have an increased frequency of self-reactive B cells with a progressive evolution to antigen-driven oligoclonality. Here, we study the B cell repertoire of NOD.H-2h4 mice, a mouse model of spontaneous autoimmunity mimicking SjS without developing diabetes. A library of 168 hybridomas from NOD.H-2h4 mice and 186 C57BL/6J splenocytes at different ages was created. The presence of mono or polyreactive autoantibodies to several antigens was evaluated by ELISA, and their staining patterns and cellular reactivity were tested by IFA and FACS. We observed a higher frequency of autoreactivity among B-cell clones from NOD.H-2h4 mice as compared to wild-type mice. The presence of polyreactive and autoreactive IgG clones increased with mice age. Strikingly, all anti-Ro52 autoantibodies were polyreactive. No loss of polyreactivity was observed upon antibody class switching to IgG. There was a progression to oligoclonality in IgG B cells with mice aging. Our results indicate that in the NOD.H-2h4 mouse model of SjS, IgG+ B cells are mainly polyreactive and might expand following an unknown antigen-driven positive selection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sáez Moya
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Gutiérrez-Cózar
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Puñet-Ortiz
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Catalonia, Spain.,AIDS and Related Diseases Chair, Universitat de Vic-Central de Catalunya (UVIC-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Sun X, Ji Y, Tahir A, Kang J. Network Pharmacology Combined with Transcriptional Analysis to Unveil the Biological Basis of Astaxanthin in Reducing the Oxidative Stress Induced by Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:4281-4295. [PMID: 33204134 PMCID: PMC7667204 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s274315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Astaxanthin (Ast) has been reported to reduce oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this research was to give a systematic overview of the biological basis for this process. METHODS Ast-targeted proteins were collected from the BATMAN database, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database, and STITCH database. Putative DM-related protein targets were collected from the GeneCards database. A DM-rat model was then built with streptozotocin (STZ) combined with a high-sugar, high-fat diet for 30 days. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and insulin levels were examined using whole tail-vein blood from overnight-fasted rats. SOD, GSH, and MDA activy was detected in liver tissue (p<0.05). In addition, we used RNA-sequencing analysis to detect gene-transcription level in liver tissue of rats and GO biological process analysis to show all the log2FC≥2 genes in the Ast-fed DM rats compared with the DM group using the STRING database. Ast-intersecting targets were collected with Venn analysis. Docking analysis between Ast and targeted proteins was down with the SwissDock server. Ast targets-pathway networks were built using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. RESULTS A total of 120 Ast-targeted proteins and 13,784 DM-related targets were collected. Ast functioned in reducing TC, TG, and MDA levels, promoting SOD activity and GSH expression, and alleviating islet-cell injury in Ast-fed DM rats compared with DM control rats. Furthermore, genes involved in MAPK, TNF, AMPK, and FOXO signaling pathways were differently expressed in Ast-treated DM rats compared with DM rats. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in euchromatin, thyroid cancer, and metaphase-plate congression. Three Ast-intersecting targets - Col5A1, Nqo1, and Notch2 - were then identified. We found possible binding patterns of Ast with Nqo1 and Notch2, respectively. Ast targets-pathway networks were finally built to show a systematic overview of how Ast works in multiple pathways to reduce oxidative stress. Taken together, Ast is predicted to target Col5A1, Nqo1, and Notch2 to form a network of systemic pharmacological effects to: 1) promote insulin-releasing balance and relieve insulin resistance, 2) reduce testicular cell apoptosis, and 3) maintain normal size in marginal-zone B cells and inhibit autoimmune DM, all of which contribute to the balance of lipid metabolism and reduction of oxidative stress in DM patients. CONCLUSION Ast functions in reducing oxidative stress in DM rats by regulating a variety of targets to form a comprehensive antioxidative network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquaecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquaecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin300384, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ayesha Tahir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad45550, Pakistan
| | - Jun Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, People’s Republic of China
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Phillips N, Ke E, Nham A, Seidl M, Freeman B, Abadejos JR, Xiao C, Nemazee D, Ku M, Kirak O. Prediabetes Induced by a Single Autoimmune B Cell Clone. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1073. [PMID: 32625203 PMCID: PMC7314986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While B cells play a significant role in the onset of type-1 diabetes (T1D), little is know about their role in those early stages. Thus, to gain new insights into the role of B cells in T1D, we converted a physiological early pancreas-infiltrating B cell into a novel BCR mouse model using Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). Strikingly, SCNT-derived B1411 model displayed neither developmental block nor anergy. Instead, B1411 underwent spontaneous germinal center reactions. Without T cell help, B1411-Rag1−/− was capable of forming peri-/intra-pancreatic lymph nodes, and undergoing class-switching. RNA-Seq analysis identified 93 differentially expressed genes in B1411 compared to WT B cells, including Irf7, Usp18, and Mda5 that had been linked to a potential viral etiology of T1D. We also found various members of the oligoadenylate synthase (OAS) family to be enriched in B1411, such as Oas1, which had recently also been linked to T1D. Strikingly, when challenged with glucose B1411-Rag1−/− mice displayed impaired glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Phillips
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Eugene Ke
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy Nham
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Institute of Pathology, Heinrich-Heine University and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brent Freeman
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Justin R Abadejos
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Manching Ku
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oktay Kirak
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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7
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Atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2-V41A has decreased CCL2 binding, scavenging, and activation, supporting sustained inflammation and increased Alzheimer's disease risk. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8019. [PMID: 32415244 PMCID: PMC7229167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 59 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteins with a connection to Alzheimer's disease (AD) demonstrated an association between increased levels of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) with an atypical chemokine receptor chemokine-binding protein 2 variant V41A (ACKR2-V41A; rs2228467). High levels of CCL2 are associated with increased risk of AD development as well as other inflammatory diseases. In this study we characterized the biological function of the ACKR2-V41A receptor compared to the wild type allele by measuring its ligand binding affinity, CCL2 scavenging efficiency, and cell activation sensitivity. We transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells with plasmids carrying wild type ACKR2 (ACKR2-WT) or the mutant ACKR2-V41A receptor. Binding affinity assays showed that ACKR2-V41A has a lower binding affinity for CCL2 and CCL4 than ACKR2-WT. CCL2 scavenging results aligned with binding affinity assays, with ACKR2-V41A cells scavenging CCL2 with a lower efficiency than ACKR2-WT. Cell activation assays also showed that ACKR2-V41A cells had significantly lower receptor upregulation (β-Arrestin-dependent signaling pathway) upon stimulation compared to ACKR2-WT cells. These findings provide molecular and biological mechanistic insights into the GWAS association of ACKR2-V41A with increased levels of CCL2 in CSF and possibly other chemokine ligands. Increased CCL2 levels are associated with accelerated cognitive decline and increased risk of AD. Understanding how this atypical chemokine receptor allele increases serum markers of inflammation could lead to novel therapeutic solutions for AD.
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8
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Apostol AC, Jensen KDC, Beaudin AE. Training the Fetal Immune System Through Maternal Inflammation-A Layered Hygiene Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 32117273 PMCID: PMC7026678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, the alarming surge in allergy and autoimmune disease has led to the hypothesis that decreasing exposure to microbes, which has accompanied industrialization and modern life in the Western world, has fundamentally altered the immune response. In its current iteration, the “hygiene hypothesis” suggests that reduced microbial exposures during early life restricts the production and differentiation of immune cells suited for immune regulation. Although it is now well-appreciated that the increase in hypersensitivity disorders represents a “perfect storm” of many contributing factors, we argue here that two important considerations have rarely been explored. First, the window of microbial exposure that impacts immune development is not limited to early childhood, but likely extends into the womb. Second, restricted microbial interactions by an expectant mother will bias the fetal immune system toward hypersensitivity. Here, we extend this discussion to hypothesize that the cell types sensing microbial exposures include fetal hematopoietic stem cells, which drive long-lasting changes to immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C Apostol
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Kirk D C Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
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9
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Induction of Accommodation by Anti–complement Component 5 Antibody-based Immunosuppression in ABO-incompatible Heart Transplantation. Transplantation 2019; 103:e248-e255. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Gao L, Sun N, Xu Q, Jiang Z, Li C. Comparative analysis of mRNA expression profiles in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Epigenomics 2019; 11:685-699. [PMID: 31016992 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2018-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to understand the individual and shared features of Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) by analyzing the gene expression profile. Materials & methods: An integrated analysis was performed with microarray datasets for T1D and T2D. Compared with normal control, shared and specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in T1D and T2D were obtained. Functional annotation, further validation and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed. Results: Five and three datasets for T1D and T2D were downloaded, respectively. In total, 141 (85 T1D vs 56 normal controls) and 70 (29 T2D vs 41 normal controls) peripheral blood samples were included in T1D and T2D group, respectively. Compared with normal controls, 119 and 146 DEGs were found in T1D and T2D, respectively. PNP and CCR1 have great diagnostic value for both T1D and T2D. MGAM and NAMPT had great diagnostic value for T2D. Conclusion: Our finding provided clues for developing biomarkers for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital (Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Nannan Sun
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital (Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qinglei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Lanshan District Diabetes Hospital of LinYi, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Linyi 276038, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital (Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Critical-care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital (Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University), Jinan 250014, China
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11
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Puñet-Ortiz J, Sáez Moya M, Cuenca M, Caleiras E, Lazaro A, Engel P. Ly9 (CD229) Antibody Targeting Depletes Marginal Zone and Germinal Center B Cells in Lymphoid Tissues and Reduces Salivary Gland Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2661. [PMID: 30519241 PMCID: PMC6251324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's Syndrome (SjS) is a common chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the B cell hyperactivation, lymphocyte infiltration, and tissue damage of exocrine glands. It can also present life-threatening extraglandular manifestations, such as pulmonary and hepatic involvement, renal inflammation and marginal zone (MZ) B cell lymphoma. Several biologic agents have been tested in SjS but none has shown significant efficacy. Here, we report the effects of Ly9 (CD229) antibody targeting, a cell surface molecule that belongs to the SLAM family of immunomodulatory receptors, using NOD.H-2h4 mice as a model of SjS-like disease. Female mice were treated with anti-Ly9 antibody or isotype control at week 24, when all mice present SjS related autoantibodies, salivary gland infiltrates, and marginal zone (MZ) B cell pool enlargement. Antibody injection depleted key lymphocyte subsets involved in SjS pathology such as MZ, B1, and germinal center B cells in spleen and draining lymph nodes without inducing a general immunosuppression. Importantly, mice receiving anti-Ly9 mAb showed a reduced lymphocyte infiltrate within salivary glands. This reduction may be, in part, explained by the down-regulation of L-selectin and alfa4/beta7 integrin induced by the anti-Ly9 antibody. Furthermore, levels of anti-nuclear autoantibodies were reduced after anti-Ly9 treatment. These data indicate that Ly9 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Puñet-Ortiz
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Sáez Moya
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cuenca
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Caleiras
- Histopathology Unit, Biotechnology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adriana Lazaro
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Felton JL, Maseda D, Bonami RH, Hulbert C, Thomas JW. Anti-Insulin B Cells Are Poised for Antigen Presentation in Type 1 Diabetes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:861-873. [PMID: 29950508 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Early breaches in B cell tolerance are central to type 1 diabetes progression in mouse and man. Conventional BCR transgenic mouse models (VH125.Tg NOD) reveal the power of B cell specificity to drive disease as APCs. However, in conventional fixed IgM models, comprehensive assessment of B cell development is limited. To provide more accurate insight into the developmental and functional fates of anti-insulin B cells, we generated a new NOD model (VH125SDNOD) in which anti-insulin VDJH125 is targeted to the IgH chain locus to generate a small (1-2%) population of class switch-competent insulin-binding B cells. Tracking of this rare population in a polyclonal repertoire reveals that anti-insulin B cells are preferentially skewed into marginal zone and late transitional subsets known to have increased sensitivity to proinflammatory signals. Additionally, IL-10 production, characteristic of regulatory B cell subsets, is increased. In contrast to conventional models, class switch-competent anti-insulin B cells proliferate normally in response to mitogenic stimuli but remain functionally silent for insulin autoantibody production. Diabetes development is accelerated, which demonstrates the power of anti-insulin B cells to exacerbate disease without differentiation into Ab-forming or plasma cells. Autoreactive T cell responses in VH125SDNOD mice are not restricted to insulin autoantigens, as evidenced by increased IFN-γ production to a broad array of diabetes-associated epitopes. Together, these results independently validate the pathogenic role of anti-insulin B cells in type 1 diabetes, underscore their diverse developmental fates, and demonstrate the pathologic potential of coupling a critical β cell specificity to predominantly proinflammatory Ag-presenting B cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Felton
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Damian Maseda
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and
| | - Rachel H Bonami
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Chrys Hulbert
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James W Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232; and .,Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
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13
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Ellis JS, Braley-Mullen H. Mechanisms by Which B Cells and Regulatory T Cells Influence Development of Murine Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6020013. [PMID: 28134752 PMCID: PMC5332917 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments with B cell-deficient (B−/−) mice indicate that a number of autoimmune diseases require B cells in addition to T cells for their development. Using B−/− Non-obese diabetic (NOD) and NOD.H-2h4 mice, we demonstrated that development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT), Sjogren’s syndrome and diabetes do not develop in B−/− mice, whereas all three diseases develop in B cell-positive wild-type (WT) mice. B cells are required early in life, since reconstitution of adult mice with B cells or autoantibodies did not restore their ability to develop disease. B cells function as important antigen presenting cells (APC) to initiate activation of autoreactive CD4+ effector T cells. If B cells are absent or greatly reduced in number, other APC will present the antigen, such that Treg are preferentially activated and effector T cells are not activated. In these situations, B−/− or B cell-depleted mice develop the autoimmune disease when T regulatory cells (Treg) are transiently depleted. This review focuses on how B cells influence Treg activation and function, and briefly considers factors that influence the effectiveness of B cell depletion for treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Ellis
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
| | - Helen Braley-Mullen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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14
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Tang T, Xia QJ, Qiao X, Xi M. Expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 in otorhinolaryngologic neoplasms. Singapore Med J 2017; 57:157-60. [PMID: 26996902 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2016057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C-X-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CXCR7) has recently been characterised as a novel receptor for the C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)/stromal cell-derived factor 1-alpha. CXCR7 has been thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis, angiogenesis and tumour metastasis. The present study aimed to examine the expression of CXCR7 in tissue samples of laryngeal cancer and maxillary sinus carcinoma to determine its role in the development of otorhinolaryngologic neoplasms. METHODS Samples of otorhinolaryngologic neoplasms were obtained from 17 patients with either nasal polyps (n = 7), laryngeal cancer (n = 5) or maxillary sinus carcinoma (n = 5), and who underwent surgical resection at West China Hospital of Sichuan University. Total RNA was isolated and CXCR7 mRNA expression was examined and quantified by relative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A one-way analysis of variance was performed using SPSS Statistics version 11.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) to compare the CXCR7 mRNA levels among the three groups of patients. RESULTS All samples tested positive for CXCR7 mRNA. The quantitative results showed that the CXCR7 mRNA levels were highest in laryngeal cancer and lowest in maxillary sinus carcinoma neoplasms, although there was no significant difference among the three samples. CONCLUSION CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR7 may contribute to eosinophilic inflammation in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps. Our results also suggest that CXCR7 may play a role in the progression, metastasis and angiogenesis of otorhinolaryngologic tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tang
- West China Medical School, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Jie Xia
- West China Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoming Qiao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingrong Xi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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15
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Xu J, Huang G, Guo TL. Developmental Bisphenol A Exposure Modulates Immune-Related Diseases. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040023. [PMID: 29051427 PMCID: PMC5606650 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins, has a widespread exposure to humans. BPA is of concern for developmental exposure resulting in immunomodulation and disease development due to its ability to cross the placental barrier and presence in breast milk. BPA can use various mechanisms to modulate the immune system and affect diseases, including agonistic and antagonistic effects on many receptors (e.g., estrogen receptors), epigenetic modifications, acting on cell signaling pathways and, likely, the gut microbiome. Immune cell populations and function from the innate and adaptive immune system are altered by developmental BPA exposure, including decreased T regulatory (Treg) cells and upregulated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Developmental BPA exposure can also contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, allergy, asthma and mammary cancer disease by altering immune function. Multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus may also be exacerbated by BPA, although more research is needed. Additionally, BPA analogs, such as bisphenol S (BPS), have been increasing in use, and currently, little is known about their immune effects. Therefore, more studies should be conducted to determine if developmental exposure BPA and its analogs modulate immune responses and lead to immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joella Xu
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
| | - Guannan Huang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
| | - Tai L Guo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-7382, USA.
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16
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IL-10 Production Is Critical for Sustaining the Expansion of CD5+ B and NKT Cells and Restraining Autoantibody Production in Congenic Lupus-Prone Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150515. [PMID: 26964093 PMCID: PMC4786215 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus is mediated by the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. To decipher the genetics that contribute to pathogenesis and the production of pathogenic autoantibodies, our lab has focused on the generation of congenic lupus-prone mice derived from the New Zealand Black (NZB) strain. Previous work has shown that an NZB-derived chromosome 4 interval spanning 32 to 151 Mb led to expansion of CD5+ B and Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, and could suppress autoimmunity when crossed with a lupus-prone mouse strain. Subsequently, it was shown that CD5+ B cells but not NKT cells derived from these mice could suppress the development of pro-inflammatory T cells. In this paper, we aimed to further resolve the genetics that leads to expansion of these two innate-like populations through the creation of additional sub-congenic mice and to characterize the role of IL-10 in the suppression of autoimmunity through the generation of IL-10 knockout mice. We show that expansion of CD5+ B cells and NKT cells localizes to a chromosome 4 interval spanning 91 to 123 Mb, which is distinct from the region that mediates the majority of the suppressive phenotype. We also demonstrate that IL-10 is critical to restraining autoantibody production and surprisingly plays a vital role in supporting the expansion of innate-like populations.
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17
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Bryant C, Fromm PD, Kupresanin F, Clark G, Lee K, Clarke C, Silveira PA, Suen H, Brown R, Newman E, Cunningham I, Ho PJ, Gibson J, Bradstock K, Joshua D, Hart DN. A CD2 high-expressing stress-resistant human plasmacytoid dendritic-cell subset. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:447-57. [PMID: 26791160 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) were considered to be a phenotypically and functionally homogeneous cell population; however, recent analyses indicate potential heterogeneity. This is of major interest, given their importance in the induction of anti-viral responses and their role in creating immunologically permissive environments for human malignancies. For this reason, we investigated the possible presence of human pDC subsets in blood and bone marrow, using unbiased cell phenotype clustering and functional studies. This defined two major functionally distinct human pDC subsets, distinguished by differential expression of CD2. The CD2(hi) and CD2(lo) pDCs represent discontinuous subsets, each with hallmark pDC functionality, including interferon-alpha production. The rarer CD2(hi) pDC subset demonstrated a significant survival advantage over CD2(lo) pDC during stress and upon exposure to glucocorticoids (GCs), which was associated with higher expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule BCL2. The differential sensitivity of these two human pDC subsets to GCs is demonstrated in vivo by a relative increase in CD2(hi) pDC in multiple myeloma patients treated with GCs. Hence, the selective apoptosis of CD2(lo) pDC during stress represents a novel mechanism for the control of innate responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bryant
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip D Fromm
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fiona Kupresanin
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina Clark
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Candice Clarke
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pablo A Silveira
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayley Suen
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ross Brown
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Newman
- Department of Haematology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ilona Cunningham
- Department of Haematology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P Joy Ho
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John Gibson
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kenneth Bradstock
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Joshua
- Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Derek Nj Hart
- Dendritic Cell Research, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Concord Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Wilson CS, Elizer SK, Marshall AF, Stocks BT, Moore DJ. Regulation of B lymphocyte responses to Toll-like receptor ligand binding during diabetes prevention in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. J Diabetes 2016; 8:120-31. [PMID: 25564999 PMCID: PMC4598313 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between genetic risk factors and the environment drive type 1 diabetes (T1D). The system of Toll-like receptors (TLR) detects these environmental triggers; however, the target cell that intermediates these interactions to drive T1D remains unknown. METHODS We investigated the effect of TLR pathway activation (myeloid differentiation primary response 88 [MyD88] vs TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β [TRIF]) on B cell subsets via flow cytometry, including their activation, survival, proliferation, and cytoskeletal mobilization. The effect of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) on diabetes development was addressed, including the B cell-dependent activation of diabetes-protective DX5+ cells, using genetic models and adoptive transfer. RESULTS B lymphocytes from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice expressed enhanced levels of TLR-responsive proteins. Ex vivo analysis of B lymphocyte subsets demonstrated that TLR3 stimulation via TRIF deletes cells exhibiting a marginal zone phenotype, whereas MyD88-dependent ligands enhance their survival. In vivo, marginal zone B cells were activated by poly(I:C) and were unexpectedly retained in the spleen of NOD mice, in contrast with the mobilization of these cells in non-autoimmune mice, a phenotype we traced to defective actin cytoskeletal dynamics. These activated B cells mediated TLR3-induced diabetes protection. CONCLUSIONS Immunotherapies must account for both B cell location and activation, and these properties may differ in autoimmune and healthy settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave South. Nashville, TN 37232-2363
| | - Sydney K. Elizer
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way. Nashville, TN 37232-2363
| | - Andrew F. Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way. Nashville, TN 37232-2363
| | - Blair T. Stocks
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave South. Nashville, TN 37232-2363
- Vanderbilt Medical Scientist Training Program
| | - Daniel J. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave South. Nashville, TN 37232-2363
- Department of Pediatrics, Ian Burr Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way. Nashville, TN 37232-2363
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19
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Cuenca M, Romero X, Sintes J, Terhorst C, Engel P. Targeting of Ly9 (CD229) Disrupts Marginal Zone and B1 B Cell Homeostasis and Antibody Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 196:726-37. [PMID: 26667173 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Marginal zone (MZ) and B1 B cells have the capacity to respond to foreign Ags more rapidly than conventional B cells, providing early immune responses to blood-borne pathogens. Ly9 (CD229, SLAMF3), a member of the signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family receptors, has been implicated in the development and function of innate T lymphocytes. In this article, we provide evidence that in Ly9-deficient mice splenic transitional 1, MZ, and B1a B cells are markedly expanded, whereas development of B lymphocytes in bone marrow is unaltered. Consistent with an increased number of these B cell subsets, we detected elevated levels of IgG3 natural Abs and a striking increase of T-independent type II Abs after immunization with 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-Ficoll in the serum of Ly9-deficient mice. The notion that Ly9 could be a negative regulator of innate-like B cell responses was supported by the observation that administering an mAb directed against Ly9 to wild-type mice selectively eliminated splenic MZ B cells and significantly reduced the numbers of B1 and transitional 1 B cells. In addition, Ly9 mAb dramatically diminished in vivo humoral responses and caused a selective downregulation of the CD19/CD21/CD81 complex on B cells and concomitantly an impaired B cell survival and activation in an Fc-independent manner. We conclude that altered signaling caused by the absence of Ly9 or induced by anti-Ly9 may negatively regulate development and function of innate-like B cells by modulating B cell activation thresholds. The results suggest that Ly9 could serve as a novel target for the treatment of B cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cuenca
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; and
| | - Xavier Romero
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; and
| | - Jordi Sintes
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; and
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; and
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20
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Case JB, Bonami RH, Nyhoff LE, Steinberg HE, Sullivan AM, Kendall PL. Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Synergizes with Notch2 To Govern Marginal Zone B Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:61-70. [PMID: 26034172 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of autoimmune-prone marginal zone (MZ) B cells has been implicated in type 1 diabetes. To test disease contributions of MZ B cells in NOD mice, Notch2 haploinsufficiency (Notch2(+/-)) was introduced but failed to eliminate the MZ, as it does in C57BL/6 mice. Notch2(+/-)/NOD have MZ B cell numbers similar to those of wild-type C57BL/6, yet still develop diabetes. To test whether BCR signaling supports Notch2(+/-)/NOD MZ B cells, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) deficiency was introduced. Surprisingly, MZ B cells failed to develop in Btk-deficient Notch2(+/-)/NOD mice. Expression of Notch2 and its transcriptional target, Hes5, was increased in NOD MZ B cells compared with C57BL/6 MZ B cells. Btk deficiency reduced Notch2(+/-) signaling exclusively in NOD B cells, suggesting that BCR signaling enhances Notch2 signaling in this autoimmune model. The role of BCR signaling was further investigated using an anti-insulin transgenic (Tg) BCR (125Tg). Anti-insulin B cells in 125Tg/Notch2(+/-)/NOD mice populate an enlarged MZ, suggesting that low-level BCR signaling overcomes reliance on Notch2. Tracking clonotypes of anti-insulin B cells in H chain-only VH125Tg/NOD mice showed that BTK-dependent selection into the MZ depends on strength of antigenic binding, whereas Notch2-mediated selection does not. Importantly, anti-insulin B cell numbers were reduced by Btk deficiency, but not Notch2 haploinsufficiency. These studies show that 1) Notch2 haploinsufficiency limits NOD MZ B cell expansion without preventing type 1 diabetes, 2) BTK supports the Notch2 pathway in NOD MZ B cells, and 3) autoreactive NOD B cell survival relies on BTK more than Notch2, regardless of MZ location, which may have important implications for disease-intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Case
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Rachel H Bonami
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Lindsay E Nyhoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hannah E Steinberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Allison M Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
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21
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Woodard GE, Jardín I, Berna-Erro A, Salido GM, Rosado JA. Regulators of G-protein-signaling proteins: negative modulators of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:97-183. [PMID: 26008785 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein-signaling (RGS) proteins are a category of intracellular proteins that have an inhibitory effect on the intracellular signaling produced by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RGS along with RGS-like proteins switch on through direct contact G-alpha subunits providing a variety of intracellular functions through intracellular signaling. RGS proteins have a common RGS domain that binds to G alpha. RGS proteins accelerate GTPase and thus enhance guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis through the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. As a result, they inactivate the G protein and quickly turn off GPCR signaling thus terminating the resulting downstream signals. Activity and subcellular localization of RGS proteins can be changed through covalent molecular changes to the enzyme, differential gene splicing, and processing of the protein. Other roles of RGS proteins have shown them to not be solely committed to being inhibitors but behave more as modulators and integrators of signaling. RGS proteins modulate the duration and kinetics of slow calcium oscillations and rapid phototransduction and ion signaling events. In other cases, RGS proteins integrate G proteins with signaling pathways linked to such diverse cellular responses as cell growth and differentiation, cell motility, and intracellular trafficking. Human and animal studies have revealed that RGS proteins play a vital role in physiology and can be ideal targets for diseases such as those related to addiction where receptor signaling seems continuously switched on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Woodard
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isaac Jardín
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - A Berna-Erro
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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22
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Thyagarajan R, Banday V, Ding Z, Lejon K. Contribution of autoallergy to the pathogenesis in the NOD mice. Autoimmunity 2015; 48:298-304. [PMID: 25707684 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2015.1016220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin isotype IgE is commonly associated with allergy. However, its involvement in autoimmune disease in general, and Type 1 diabetes (T1D) in particular, is still not completely clarified, nonetheless IgE has been observed in patients with T1D. In this article, we aimed to elucidate the contribution of IgE in the pathogenesis of the disease in a spontaneous model for T1D, i.e. the NOD mouse. We observed increased levels of IgE in splenic, lymph node and peripheral blood B cells in the NOD mice compared to the control C57BL/6 (B6) mice. No correlation was found between the IgE levels on B cells and those in the sera of these mice, indicating a B cell intrinsic property mediating IgE capture in NOD. Functionally, the B cells from NOD were similar to B6 in rescuing the IgE-mediated immune response via the low affinity receptor CD23 in a transgenic adoptive transfer system. However, the involvement of IgE in diabetes development was clearly demonstrated, as treatment with anti-IgE antibodies delayed the incidence of the diabetes in the NOD mice compared to the PBS treated group. Pancreas sections from a 13-week-old NOD revealed the presence of tertiary lymphoid structures with T cells, B cells, germinal centers and IgE suggesting the presence of autoantigen specific IgE. Our study provides an insight to the commonly overlooked immunoglobulin IgE and its potential role in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Thyagarajan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Division of Immunology, Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden and
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23
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Blaho VA, Hla T. An update on the biology of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. J Lipid Res 2014; 55:1596-608. [PMID: 24459205 PMCID: PMC4109755 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r046300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a membrane-derived lysophospholipid that acts primarily as an ex-tracellular signaling molecule. Signals initiated by S1P are transduced by five G protein-coupled receptors, named S1P1-5 Cellular and temporal expression of the S1P receptors (S1PRs) determine their specific roles in various organ systems, but they are particularly critical for regulation of the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems, with the most well-known contributions of S1PR signaling being modulation of vascular barrier function, vascular tone, and regulation of lymphocyte trafficking. However, our knowledge of S1PR biology is rapidly increasing as they become attractive therapeutic targets in several diseases, such as chronic inflammatory pathologies, autoimmunity, and cancer. Understanding how the S1PRs regulate interactions between biological systems will allow for greater efficacy in this novel therapeutic strategy as well as characterization of complex physiological networks. Because of the rapidly expanding body of research, this review will focus on the most recent advances in S1PRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Blaho
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Timothy Hla
- Center for Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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Berahovich RD, Penfold MET, Miao Z, Walters MJ, Jaen JC, Schall TJ. Differences in CXCR7 protein expression on rat versus mouse and human splenic marginal zone B cells. Immunol Lett 2013; 154:77-9. [PMID: 23954811 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Berahovich
- ChemoCentryx, Inc., 850 Maude Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States.
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