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López DA, Griffin A, Aguilar LM, Rice CD, Myers EJ, Warren KJ, Welner R, Beaudin AE. Prenatal inflammation reprograms hyperactive ILC2s that promote allergic lung inflammation and airway dysfunction. bioRxiv 2023:2023.11.20.567899. [PMID: 38045298 PMCID: PMC10690173 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.20.567899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that initiates in early life, but causal mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we examined how prenatal inflammation shapes allergic asthma susceptibility by reprogramming lung immunity from early development. Induction of Type I interferon-mediated inflammation during development provoked expansion and hyperactivation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) seeding the developing lung. Hyperactivated ILC2s produced increased IL-5 and IL-13, and were associated with acute Th2 bias, eosinophilia, and decreased Tregs in the lung. The hyperactive ILC2 phenotype was recapitulated by adoptive transfer of a fetal liver precursor following exposure to prenatal inflammation, indicative of developmental programming. Programming of ILC2 function and subsequent lung immune remodeling by prenatal inflammation led to airway dysfunction at baseline and in response to papain, indicating increased asthma susceptibility. Our data provide a link by which developmental programming of progenitors by early-life inflammation drives lung immune remodeling and asthma susceptibility through hyperactivation of lung-resident ILC2s. One Sentence Summary Prenatal inflammation programs asthma susceptibility by inducing the production of hyperactivated ILC2s in the developing lung.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inflammation is now recognized as a major regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function. Adult hematopoietic stem cells can adaptively modulate hematopoietic output in direct response to acute infection and inflammation. Conversely, prolonged exposure to inflammation can drive impaired HSC function, clonal expansion, and malignant transformation. As compared with adult hematopoiesis, the effects of prenatal inflammation on developing hematopoietic stem cells are understudied. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammatory cues directly activate adult HSCs in the bone marrow, but the response of fetal HSCs to maternal inflammation is underexplored. Recent evidence demonstrates that maternal inflammation can be detected by fetal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) within the fetal liver and that the same inflammatory cues evoke fundamentally distinct responses during development. The responses of developing stem and progenitor cells and the specialized immune cells they produce have important implications for postnatal hematopoietic output and immune function. SUMMARY We discuss recent insights into the response of fetal hematopoiesis to prenatal inflammation and examine how recent discoveries regarding the contribution of fetal hematopoiesis to the adult hematopoietic system will influence future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, and Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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López DA, Otsuka KS, Apostol AC, Posada J, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Jensen KD, Beaudin AE. Both maternal IFNγ exposure and acute prenatal infection with Toxoplasma gondii activate fetal hematopoietic stem cells. EMBO J 2023:e112693. [PMID: 37259639 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection directly influences adult hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function and differentiation, but the fetal hematopoietic response to infection during pregnancy is not well-studied. Here, we investigated the fetal hematopoietic response to maternal infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), an intracellular parasite that elicits Type II IFNγ-mediated maternal immunity. While it is known that maternal infection without direct pathogen transmission can affect fetal immune development, the effects of maternal IFNγ on developing HSCs and the signals that mediate these interactions have not been investigated. Our investigation reveals that the fetal HSCs respond to T. gondii infection with virulence-dependent changes in proliferation, self-renewal potential, and lineage output. Furthermore, maternal IFNγ crosses the fetal-maternal interface, where it is perceived by fetal HSCs. By comparing the effects of maternal IFNγ injection with maternal T. gondii infection, we reveal that the effects of IFNγ treatment mimic some aspects of the fetal HSC response to infection. Moreover, our findings illuminate that the fetal HSC response to prenatal infection is distinct from the adult HSC response to IFNγ-induced inflammation. Altogether, our data disentangle the role of infection-induced inflammatory cytokines in driving the expansion of downstream hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A López
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kelly S Otsuka
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - April C Apostol
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine Posada
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Juan C Sánchez-Arcila
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Kirk Dc Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
- Health Science Research Institute, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Smith FL, Savage HP, Luo Z, Tipton CM, Lee FEH, Apostol AC, Beaudin AE, Lopez DA, Jensen I, Keller S, Baumgarth N. B-1 plasma cells require non-cognate CD4 T cell help to generate a unique repertoire of natural IgM. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220195. [PMID: 36811605 PMCID: PMC9960156 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved, "natural" (n)IgM is broadly reactive to both self and foreign antigens. Its selective deficiency leads to increases in autoimmune diseases and infections. In mice, nIgM is secreted independent of microbial exposure to bone marrow (BM) and spleen B-1 cell-derived plasma cells (B-1PC), generating the majority of nIgM, or by B-1 cells that remain non-terminally differentiated (B-1sec). Thus, it has been assumed that the nIgM repertoire is broadly reflective of the repertoire of body cavity B-1 cells. Studies here reveal, however, that B-1PC generate a distinct, oligoclonal nIgM repertoire, characterized by short CDR3 variable immunoglobulin heavy chain regions, 7-8 amino acids in length, some public, many arising from convergent rearrangements, while specificities previously associated with nIgM were generated by a population of IgM-secreting B-1 (B-1sec). BM, but not spleen B-1PC, or B-1sec also required the presence of TCRαβ CD4 T cells for their development from fetal precursors. Together, the studies identify important previously unknown characteristics of the nIgM pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauna L. Smith
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Savage
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Luo
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M. Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - April C. Apostol
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Diego A. Lopez
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ingvill Jensen
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Keller
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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López DA, Beaudin AE. Isolation and Characterization of Fetal Liver Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2567:99-112. [PMID: 36255697 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2679-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the generation and maintenance of pools of multipotent precursors that ultimately give rise to all fully differentiated blood and immune cells. Proper identification and isolation of HSCs for functional analysis has greatly facilitated our understanding of both normal and abnormal adult hematopoiesis. Whereas adult hematopoiesis in mice and humans is driven by quiescent HSCs that reside almost exclusively within the bone marrow (BM), developmental hematopoiesis is characterized by a series of transient progenitors driving waves of increasingly mature hematopoietic cell production that occur across multiple anatomical sites. These waves of hematopoietic cell production are also responsible for the generation of distinct immune cell populations during development that persist into adulthood and contribute uniquely to adult immunity. Therefore, methods to properly isolate and characterize fetal progenitors with high purity across development become increasingly important not only for defining developmental hematopoietic pathways, but also for understanding the contribution of developmental hematopoiesis to the immune system. Here, we describe and discuss methods and considerations for the isolation and characterization of HSCs from the fetal liver, the primary hematopoietic organ during fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A López
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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López DA, Apostol AC, Lebish EJ, Valencia CH, Romero-Mulero MC, Pavlovich PV, Hernandez GE, Forsberg EC, Cabezas-Wallscheid N, Beaudin AE. Prenatal inflammation perturbs murine fetal hematopoietic development and causes persistent changes to postnatal immunity. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111677. [PMID: 36417858 PMCID: PMC10184520 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond directly to inflammation and infection, causing both acute and persistent changes to quiescence, mobilization, and differentiation. Here we show that murine fetal HSPCs respond to prenatal inflammation in utero and that the fetal response shapes postnatal hematopoiesis and immune cell function. Heterogeneous fetal HSPCs show divergent responses to maternal immune activation (MIA), including changes in quiescence, expansion, and lineage-biased output. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of fetal HSPCs in response to MIA reveals specific upregulation of inflammatory gene profiles in discrete, transient hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) populations that propagate expansion of lymphoid-biased progenitors. Beyond fetal development, MIA causes the inappropriate expansion and persistence of fetal lymphoid-biased progenitors postnatally, concomitant with increased cellularity and hyperresponsiveness of fetal-derived innate-like lymphocytes. Our investigation demonstrates how inflammation in utero can direct the output and function of fetal-derived immune cells by reshaping fetal HSC establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A López
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - April C Apostol
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Lebish
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Clint H Valencia
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Polina V Pavlovich
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gloria E Hernandez
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna E Beaudin
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, and Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Otsuka K, Nielson C, Suarez D, Park A, Beaudin AE. The contribution of fetal-derived tissue resident macrophages to cytomegalovirus-associated sensorineural hearing loss. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.50.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common congenital viral infection in the developed world and the leading cause of non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children. Congenital CMV causes progressive SNHL long after acute infection has resolved, suggesting a lasting effect on the developing host immune response within the cochlea and surrounding temporal bone marrow (TB). Using fate-mapping models, we have investigated the contribution of fetal-derived tissue resident macrophages (TRMs) to normal cochlear development and function, and their role in mediating CMV-associated SNHL. Our analysis defined two distinct myeloid population within the inner ear: 1) classical tissue resident macrophages (F4/80hiCD11blo) that highly express CD64 and are found exclusively in cochlear tissue; and 2) transitional monocytes (F4/80midCD11bhi) that express both CD64 and Ly6C and are found in cochlea and TB. Fate mapping of these populations uncovered dual contribution of fetal-derived cochlear TRMs from yolk sac (YS) and fetal liver (FL) hematopoiesis. Transitional monocytes increase during acute CMV infection, acting as drivers of expanded lymphoid populations after CMV resolves. Importantly, analysis of Flt3-Cre labeling within myeloid populations suggests that TRMs are replaced by BM-derived populations at later postnatal stages following CMV infection, coinciding with SNHL. Ongoing work examines spatial distribution of distinct fetal-derived TRMs along cochlear architecture, defining transcriptional regulation differences between YS-, FL-, and adult-derived TRMs in response to CMV, and examining how replacement of fetal-derived TRMs with adult-derived TRMs affects tissue function and response to infection.
Supported by grants from University of Utah Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease (3i) Initiative and NIAID (T32 5T32AI138945)
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Otsuka
- 1Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Chris Nielson
- 2Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Daniel Suarez
- 2Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Albert Park
- 2Division of Otolaryngology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- 3Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine
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Lopez DA, Griffin A, Beaudin AE. Maternal immune activation (MIA) impairs neonatal lung ILC2 establishment, function, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.47.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have recently shown that prenatal inflammation induced by maternal immune activation (MIA) imparts lasting changes to innate immunity by driving the inappropriate expansion and persistence of lymphoid-biased progenitors during fetal life. To test how perturbation during this critical window drives immune dysfunction, we examined underlying changes to lung type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) and susceptibility to airway hyperresponsiveness following MIA. MIA induction via a single-low dose injection of poly (I:C) at mid-gestation altered the establishment of a fetal liver (FL) ILC-committed progenitor, increasing cell number and frequency both one- and three-days post MIA. MIA also enhanced lung ILC2 proliferation postnatally, resulting in a robustly expanded ILC2 compartment at postnatal day (P)14 that persisted into adulthood. Concomitant with a greater inflammatory profile, MIA-treated ILC2s were hyperactivated, producing more IL5 and IL13 in-vitro. Lung cytokine levels remained relatively static across early lung development in MIA or saline conditions, suggesting changes to ILC2 proliferation and hyperactivation are cell-intrinsic. Furthermore, hyperactivated ILC2s led to remodeling of the lung immune landscape as observed by expansion of B-, T-, NK-, NKT-cells, alveolar macrophages and eosinophils, but ILC2s were the first immune population to expand in cell number. Altogether, our data suggest MIA imparts lasting changes to lung immunity by perturbing the establishment of committed ILC progenitors in the FL, altering the production of neonatal lung ILC2s poised to hyperactively respond to secondary immune activation, potentially contributing to greater allergic airway hyperresponsiveness.
Supported by grants from NIH/NICHD (T32HD007491
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Lopez
- 1Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Aleah Griffin
- 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- 3Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine
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Leung G, Valencia C, Krum B, Beaudin AE. IL-7 and IL-7R regulate fetal macrophage establishment via survival and proliferation. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.47.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have recently reported that IL7R signaling regulates fetal macrophage development, in addition to lymphocyte lineage commitment and development. Specifically, IL7R deletion and pharmacological blockade during a defined fetal developmental window impairs the establishment of fetal macrophage populations in the liver, lung, brain, and epidermis. We next hypothesized that IL-7 is also required for fetal macrophage establishment and that IL-7 signaling activates developmental programs that facilitate macrophage development via proliferation and survival. Immunofluorescent staining of E14.5 murine embryos revealed abundant co-localized IL7R and F4/80 expression in fetal liver, lung, brain, and skin. IL7R+ F4/80-expressing cells were also found in close proximity to IL-7+ cells, suggesting they participate in IL-7 signaling. Moreover, germline deletion of IL-7 also resulted in postnatal depletion of fetal-derived macrophage populations. Antibody blockade of IL-7R receptor during late gestation revealed tissue-specific deficits in survival and proliferation the day before birth. Specifically, liver and lung macrophages showed increased apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V staining, while brain and epidermal macrophages were less proliferative, as determined by Ki67 staining. Here we have shown that IL-7, in addition to IL7R, regulates establishment of tissue-resident macrophages and that fetal blockade of IL7R signaling regulates establishment by impairing survival and proliferation during late gestation. Ongoing work seeks to define IL7/IL7R signaling pathways in developing macrophages, as well as use genetic models to pinpoint the requirement for IL7R in fetal myeloid specification.
Supported by grants from NIH (R01 10057561).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Leung
- 1Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | | | - Brian Krum
- 1Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- 3Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine
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Worthington AK, Cool T, Poscablo DM, Hussaini A, Beaudin AE, Forsberg EC. IL7Rα, but not Flk2, is required for hematopoietic stem cell reconstitution of tissue-resident lymphoid cells. Development 2022; 149:274067. [PMID: 35072209 PMCID: PMC8917444 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident lymphoid cells (TLCs) span the spectrum of innate-to-adaptive immune function. Unlike traditional, circulating lymphocytes that are continuously generated from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), many TLCs are of fetal origin and poorly generated from adult HSCs. Here, we sought to further understand murine TLC development and the roles of Flk2 and IL7Rα, two cytokine receptors with known function in traditional lymphopoiesis. Using Flk2- and Il7r-Cre lineage tracing, we found that peritoneal B1a cells, splenic marginal zone B (MZB) cells, lung ILC2s and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were highly labeled. Despite high labeling, loss of Flk2 minimally affected the generation of these cells. In contrast, loss of IL7Rα, or combined deletion of Flk2 and IL7Rα, dramatically reduced the number of B1a cells, MZBs, ILC2s and Tregs, both in situ and upon transplantation, indicating an intrinsic and essential role for IL7Rα. Surprisingly, reciprocal transplants of wild-type HSCs showed that an IL7Rα−/− environment selectively impaired reconstitution of TLCs when compared with TLC numbers in situ. Taken together, our data defined Flk2- and IL7Rα-positive TLC differentiation paths, and revealed functional roles of Flk2 and IL7Rα in TLC establishment. Summary: Tissue-resident lymphoid cells develop via IL7Rα-positive progenitors and are repopulated by transplanted adult hematopoietic stem cells; however, such TLC lymphopoiesis cannot be fully rescued in IL7Rα−/− recipient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atesh K Worthington
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering: Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Taylor Cool
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering: Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Donna M Poscablo
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering: Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Adeel Hussaini
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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Hernandez GE, Ma F, Martinez G, Firozabadi NB, Salvador J, Juang LJ, Leung J, Zhao P, López DA, Ardehali R, Beaudin AE, Kastrup CJ, Pellegrini M, Flick MJ, Iruela-Arispe ML. Aortic intimal resident macrophages are essential for maintenance of the non-thrombogenic intravascular state. Nat Cardiovasc Res 2022; 1:67-84. [PMID: 35599984 PMCID: PMC9121812 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-021-00006-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes and endothelial cells frequently cooperate to resolve inflammatory events. In most cases, these interactions are transient in nature and triggered by immunological insults. Here, we report that in areas of disturbed blood flow, aortic endothelial cells permanently and intimately associate with a population of specialized macrophages that are recruited at birth from the closing ductus arteriosus and share the luminal surface with the endothelium becoming interwoven in the tunica intima. Anatomical changes that affect hemodynamics, like in patent ductus arteriosus, alter macrophage seeding to coincide with regions of disturbed flow. Aortic resident macrophages expand in situ via direct cell renewal. Induced-depletion of intimal macrophages led to thrombin-mediated endothelial cell contraction, progressive fibrin accumulation and formation of microthrombi that, once dislodged, caused blockade of vessels in several organs. Together the findings revealed that intravascular resident macrophages are essential to regulate thrombin activity and clear fibrin deposits in regions of disturbed blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria E. Hernandez
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Guadalupe Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nadia B. Firozabadi
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jocelynda Salvador
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lih Jiin Juang
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Diego A. López
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Christian J. Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, 2185 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Matteo Pellegrini
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew J. Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - M. Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Otsuka KS, Nielson C, Firpo MA, Park AH, Beaudin AE. Early Life Inflammation and the Developing Hematopoietic and Immune Systems: The Cochlea as a Sensitive Indicator of Disruption. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123596. [PMID: 34944105 PMCID: PMC8700005 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that perinatal infection and inflammation can influence the developing immune system and may ultimately affect long-term health and disease outcomes in offspring by perturbing tissue and immune homeostasis. We posit that perinatal inflammation influences immune outcomes in offspring by perturbing (1) the development and function of fetal-derived immune cells that regulate tissue development and homeostasis, and (2) the establishment and function of developing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that continually generate immune cells across the lifespan. To disentangle the complexities of these interlinked systems, we propose the cochlea as an ideal model tissue to investigate how perinatal infection affects immune, tissue, and stem cell development. The cochlea contains complex tissue architecture and a rich immune milieu that is established during early life. A wide range of congenital infections cause cochlea dysfunction and sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), likely attributable to early life inflammation. Furthermore, we show that both immune cells and bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors can be simultaneously analyzed within neonatal cochlear samples. Future work investigating the pathogenesis of SNHL in the context of congenital infection will therefore provide critical information on how perinatal inflammation drives disease susceptibility in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S. Otsuka
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Christopher Nielson
- Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.N.); (A.H.P.)
| | - Matthew A. Firpo
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
| | - Albert H. Park
- Division of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.N.); (A.H.P.)
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Correspondence:
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13
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Beaudin AE. Takes one to B1a: Dismantling the origin of mantle cell lymphoma. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20211482. [PMID: 34529750 PMCID: PMC8449273 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic discovery for mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) has been hindered by a lack of preclinical mouse models that recapitulate human disease. In this issue, Pieters and colleagues (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20202280) establish a novel mouse model of MCL driven by overexpression of cyclin D2 and identify fetal-derived B1a cells as putative cell of origin for MCL.
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14
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Apostol AC, López DA, Beaudin AE. A "Switch" in Time through Genes Aligned: Unraveling the Genomic Landscape of HSC Development. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 27:695-697. [PMID: 33157043 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Seeking to define the "switch" from fetal to adult hematopoiesis, Li et al. (2020) performed extensive genomic and epigenomic profiling of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells across ontogeny (as explored in this issue of Cell Stem Cell). Gradual and stochastic changes in genomic and epigenomic regulation suggest the absence of any specific regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C Apostol
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Diego A López
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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15
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Lopez DA, Beaudin AE. A critical period of innate-immune development: Fetal origins of allergic asthma susceptibility. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.147.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Our lab previously identified a developmentally-restricted hematopoietic stem cell (drHSC) that only exists during fetal development and specifically gives rise to innate-like lymphocytes that persist across the lifespan. The identification of a developmentally-limited cell of origin for innate-like immune cells defines a “critical window” for immune development, in which the phenotype of the developing immune system can be shaped via extrinsic inputs. To test how perturbation during this critical window drives immune dysfunction, we examined underlying changes to innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the lung. ILCs are a recently identified family of fetal-derived innate-like lymphocytes that mimic the adaptive T-helper arm of our immune system. In the lung, type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce IL5 and IL13, cytokines important for eosinophil recruitment, activation and goblet cell hyperplasia during allergic airway inflammation. Surprisingly, a single low-dose injection of poly (i:c) at mid-gestation robustly increased proliferative capacity and cellularity of lung ILC2s in offspring at postnatal day (P)9 and P14, respectively, concomitant with drHSC and common-helper innate lymphoid progenitor (ChILP) cell expansion during fetal development. Additionally, in poly (i:c) perturbed offspring, lung ILC2s exhibited heightened IL5 and IL13 production upon in-vitro stimulation with PMA and ionomycin. Ongoing experiments will examine how perturbation of transient progenitors during fetal development may impact the ChILP cell immune trajectory, altering the establishment and function of neonatal lung ILC2s, and ultimately contributing to allergic asthma susceptibility into adulthood.
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16
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Apostol AC, Jensen KDC, Beaudin AE. Training the Fetal Immune System Through Maternal Inflammation-A Layered Hygiene Hypothesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:123. [PMID: 32117273 PMCID: PMC7026678 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last century, the alarming surge in allergy and autoimmune disease has led to the hypothesis that decreasing exposure to microbes, which has accompanied industrialization and modern life in the Western world, has fundamentally altered the immune response. In its current iteration, the “hygiene hypothesis” suggests that reduced microbial exposures during early life restricts the production and differentiation of immune cells suited for immune regulation. Although it is now well-appreciated that the increase in hypersensitivity disorders represents a “perfect storm” of many contributing factors, we argue here that two important considerations have rarely been explored. First, the window of microbial exposure that impacts immune development is not limited to early childhood, but likely extends into the womb. Second, restricted microbial interactions by an expectant mother will bias the fetal immune system toward hypersensitivity. Here, we extend this discussion to hypothesize that the cell types sensing microbial exposures include fetal hematopoietic stem cells, which drive long-lasting changes to immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- April C Apostol
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Kirk D C Jensen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, United States
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17
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Cole C, Byrne A, Beaudin AE, Forsberg EC, Vollmers C. Tn5Prime, a Tn5 based 5' capture method for single cell RNA-seq. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:e62. [PMID: 29548006 PMCID: PMC6007450 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a powerful technique to investigate and quantify entire transcriptomes. Recent advances in the field have made it possible to explore the transcriptomes of single cells. However, most widely used RNA-seq protocols fail to provide crucial information regarding transcription start sites. Here we present a protocol, Tn5Prime, that takes advantage of the Tn5 transposase-based Smart-seq2 protocol to create RNA-seq libraries that capture the 5' end of transcripts. The Tn5Prime method dramatically streamlines the 5' capture process and is both cost effective and reliable. By applying Tn5Prime to bulk RNA and single cell samples, we were able to define transcription start sites as well as quantify transcriptomes at high accuracy and reproducibility. Additionally, similar to 3' end-based high-throughput methods like Drop-seq and 10× Genomics Chromium, the 5' capture Tn5Prime method allows the introduction of cellular identifiers during reverse transcription, simplifying the analysis of large numbers of single cells. In contrast to 3' end-based methods, Tn5Prime also enables the assembly of the variable 5' ends of the antibody sequences present in single B-cell data. Therefore, Tn5Prime presents a robust tool for both basic and applied research into the adaptive immune system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Cole
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, 95064 USA
| | - Ashley Byrne
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, 95064 USA
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California Merced, CA, 95340 USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, 95064 USA.,Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, 95064 USA
| | - Christopher Vollmers
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, CA, 95064 USA
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18
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Leung GA, Cool T, Valencia CH, Worthington A, Beaudin AE, Forsberg EC. The lymphoid-associated interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) regulates tissue-resident macrophage development. Development 2019; 146:146/14/dev176180. [PMID: 31332039 DOI: 10.1242/dev.176180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of a fetal origin for tissue-resident macrophages (trMacs) has inspired an intense search for the mechanisms underlying their development. Here, we performed in vivo lineage tracing of cells with an expression history of IL7Rα, a marker exclusively associated with the lymphoid lineage in adult hematopoiesis. Surprisingly, we found that Il7r-Cre labeled fetal-derived, adult trMacs. Labeling was almost complete in some tissues and partial in others. The putative progenitors of trMacs, yolk sac (YS) erythromyeloid progenitors, did not express IL7R, and YS hematopoiesis was unperturbed in IL7R-deficient mice. In contrast, tracking of IL7Rα message levels, surface expression, and Il7r-Cre-mediated labeling across fetal development revealed dynamic regulation of Il7r mRNA expression and rapid upregulation of IL7Rα surface protein upon transition from monocyte to macrophage within fetal tissues. Fetal monocyte differentiation in vitro produced IL7R+ macrophages, supporting a direct progenitor-progeny relationship. Additionally, blockade of IL7R function during late gestation specifically impaired the establishment of fetal-derived trMacs in vivo These data provide evidence for a distinct function of IL7Rα in fetal myelopoiesis and identify IL7R as a novel regulator of trMac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Leung
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Program, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Taylor Cool
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Clint H Valencia
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - Atesh Worthington
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Molecular and Cell Biology Department, School of Natural Sciences, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA .,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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19
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Beaudin AE, Lopez DA, Apostol A, Hernandez GE, Forsberg C. Characterizing a “critical window” of immune development: how perturbation of developmental hematopoiesis shapes immune function and susceptibility to disease in offspring. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.118.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
During development, fetal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the production of “unconventional” innate-like immune cells that persist across the lifespan and contribute to adult immunity. Dysregulation of fetal-derived immune cells contributes to pathogenesis in a variety of immune tolerance disorders, including allergy and asthma; however, the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving pathogenesis are unknown. Using a fate-mapping approach, we have previously identified a developmentally-restricted HSC (drHSC) that is lymphoidbiased and specifically gives rise to innate-like lymphocytes. The drHSC exists during perinatal development but disappears postnatally and does not persist into adulthood under homeostatic conditions. Our discovery of a transient cell-of-origin for a specialized component of adult immunity defines a “critical window” of immune development, during which phenotype can be shaped by extrinsic inputs in early life. We have validated the existence of this critical window of immune development by demonstrating that maternal immune perturbation with a single low-dose injection of poly(I:C) at mid-gestation induces lasting changes to the both hematopoiesis and immunity in offspring. Specifically, maternal immune perturbation causes expansion of the drHSC population in offspring and its inappropriate persistence into adulthood. Furthermore, inappropriate expansion and persistence of the drHSC population consequently results in parallel expansion of innate-like lymphocytes, thereby altering immune landscape and function in offspring. Ongoing work investigates the consequences of developmental perturbation on susceptibility to immune dysfunction, including asthma.
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20
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Leung G, McCann T, Valencia CH, Worthington A, Forsberg C, Beaudin AE. IL7R regulates fetal tissue resident macrophage development. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.118.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) play critical roles in tissue homeostasis and disease. Many populations of TRMs derive from fetal progenitors and independently self-maintain across the lifespan through in situ proliferation. Here, we have identified the interleukin-7 receptor (IL7R) as a novel regulator of TRM development. Using an IL7R-Cre lineage tracing model, we observed that adult TRMs in the brain, epidermis, liver, and lung were highly labeled by IL7R-cre, in the absence of IL7Ra mRNA or protein expression. To gain insight into developmental expression of IL7Ra, we profiled surface expression, mRNA expression, and IL7R-cre driven labeling across fetal development. Erythromyeloid progenitors, putative TRM precursors, were barely labeled by IL7Ra-cre, and IL7R deletion did not affect YS hematopoiesis. In contrast, we observed IL7Ra mRNA expression in fetal monocytes, and robust IL7Ra surface expression on developing TRMs during late gestation. Sorted Ly6chi fetal liver monocytes cultured ex vivo with M-CSF differentiated into macrophages expressing IL7R, suggesting a precursor-product relationship. Blockade of the IL7R with a monoclonal antibody during gestation impaired liver, lung, and epidermal TRM cellularity at birth, with a concomitant increase in cellularity of liver monocytes, suggesting that IL7Ra regulates TRM differentiation from fetal monocytes during fetal development. These data reveal dynamic regulation of IL7Ra expression in TRMs and TRM precursors during late gestation, and provide evidence that IL7R signaling regulates fetal TRM development. Ongoing work addresses downstream signaling and the specific developmental processes regulated by IL7R signaling during fetal TRM development.
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21
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Lopez DA, Beaudin AE. Perturbation of Developmental Hematopoiesis Shapes Lung ILC2 Immune Memory. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.53.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Our lab has previously identified a developmentally-restricted hematopoietic stem cell (drHSC) that only exists in the perinatal period and specifically gives rise to innate-like lymphocytes. The identification of a developmentally-limited cell of origin for innate-like immune cells that persist across the lifespan defines a “critical window” for immune development, in which the phenotype of the adult immune system can be shaped by extrinsic inputs. To test how developmental perturbation during this critical window drives immune dysfunction, we examined underlying changes to innate-like immune cells in the lung and susceptibility to airway dysfunction following maternal immune stimulation. Lung type-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are recognized as potent producers of IL5 and IL13, cytokines important for eosinophil recruitment, activation and goblet cell hyperplasia during allergic airway inflammation. Surprisingly, maternal immune stimulation via a single low-dose injection of poly (i:c) at mid-gestation robustly increased the cellularity of lung ILC2s in offspring at postnatal day 14, concomitant with drHSC and ILC2 progenitor expansion during fetal development. Additionally, lung ILC2s exhibited heightened IL5 and IL13 production upon in-vitro stimulation with PMA and ionomycin in poly (i:c) perturbed offspring. Ongoing experiments examine how altered ILC2 functionality, as a result of developmental perturbation, underlie susceptibility to allergic asthma in response to secondary house-dust mite immune stimulation. Together, our data suggest perinatal immune perturbation may contribute to allergic asthma susceptibility by altering drHSC establishment and training lung ILC2 “innate immune memory”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Lopez
- 1School of Natural Sciences, UC Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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22
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Apostol A, Jensen K, Beaudin AE. Acute congenital Toxoplasma gondii infection alters fetal hematopoiesis via interferon-gamma. The Journal of Immunology 2019. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.229.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
In adulthood, infection drives cytokine-mediated inflammation that can directly influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) function and differentiation, but the effects of maternal infection on the trajectory of fetal hematopoietic and immune cells have not been elucidated. Toxoplasma gondii is a TORCH pathogen that can be vertically transmitted upon acute infection during pregnancy, with dire consequences for the developing fetus. Maternal IFNγ production during congenital infection is required to prevent vertical transmission and promote parasite clearance, but at the cost of lowered birth weights and premature abortion. Here, we investigated the effects of acute congenital toxoplasmosis on fetal hematopoiesis. Our examination of fetal hematopoiesis in response to maternal T. gondii infection of varying virulence revealed that discrete HSPC populations, including subsets of fetal hematopoietic stem cells, B1 precursors, and myeloid progenitors are fundamentally altered in response to congenital toxoplasmosis. To assess the ability of IFNγ to mediate these observed changes and directly cross the placental barrier, we performed epistatic crosses of mice deficient for IFNγ receptor. Our results indicate that maternal IFNy produced in response to T. gondii infection may drive observed changes to the fetal HSPC compartment and that fetal HSPCs respond directly to maternal sources of IFNγ in a manner distinct from adult HSPCs. Ongoing experiments attempt to resolve the mechanisms by which vertical transmission and maternal inflammation perturb the establishment of the fetal immune system, and the direct role of IFNγ in mediating these phenomena.
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23
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Boyer SW, Rajendiran S, Beaudin AE, Smith-Berdan S, Muthuswamy PK, Perez-Cunningham J, Martin EW, Cheung C, Tsang H, Landon M, Forsberg EC. Clonal and Quantitative In Vivo Assessment of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Reveals Strong Erythroid Potential of Multipotent Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:801-815. [PMID: 30905737 PMCID: PMC6450035 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is arguably one of the best understood stem cell systems; however, significant challenges remain to reach a consensus understanding of the lineage potential, heterogeneity, and relationships of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations. To gain new insights, we performed quantitative analyses of mature cell production from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and multiple hematopoietic progenitor populations. Assessment of the absolute numbers of mature cell types produced by each progenitor cell revealed a striking erythroid dominance of all myeloid-competent progenitors assessed, accompanied by strong platelet reconstitution. All populations with myeloid potential also produced robust numbers of red blood cells and platelets in vivo. Clonal analysis by single-cell transplantation and by spleen colony assays revealed that a significant fraction of HSCs and multipotent progenitors have multilineage potential at the single-cell level. These new insights prompt an erythroid-focused model of hematopoietic differentiation. RBCs are the predominant cell type produced by multipotent hematopoietic progenitors All cell types with myeloid potential also produced RBCs and platelets in vivo Single HSCs and MPPF cells are capable of multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution Erythroid cell production emerges as a default hematopoietic fate
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Boyer
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Smrithi Rajendiran
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Stephanie Smith-Berdan
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Praveen K Muthuswamy
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jessica Perez-Cunningham
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Eric W Martin
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Christa Cheung
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Herman Tsang
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Mark Landon
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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24
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Valentine KM, Davini D, Lawrence TJ, Mullins GN, Manansala M, Al-Kuhlani M, Pinney JM, Davis JK, Beaudin AE, Sindi SS, Gravano DM, Hoyer KK. CD8 Follicular T Cells Promote B Cell Antibody Class Switch in Autoimmune Disease. J Immunol 2018; 201:31-40. [PMID: 29743314 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CD8 T cells can play both a protective and pathogenic role in inflammation and autoimmune development. Recent studies have highlighted the ability of CD8 T cells to function as T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the germinal center in the context of infection. However, whether this phenomenon occurs in autoimmunity and contributes to autoimmune pathogenesis is largely unexplored. In this study, we show that CD8 T cells acquire a CD4 Tfh profile in the absence of functional regulatory T cells in both the IL-2-deficient and scurfy mouse models. Depletion of CD8 T cells mitigates autoimmune pathogenesis in IL-2-deficient mice. CD8 T cells express the B cell follicle-localizing chemokine receptor CXCR5, a principal Tfh transcription factor Bcl6, and the Tfh effector cytokine IL-21. CD8 T cells localize to the B cell follicle, express B cell costimulatory proteins, and promote B cell differentiation and Ab isotype class switching. These data reveal a novel contribution of autoreactive CD8 T cells to autoimmune disease, in part, through CD4 follicular-like differentiation and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Valentine
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Dan Davini
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Travis J Lawrence
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Genevieve N Mullins
- Quantitative and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Miguel Manansala
- Stem Cell Instrumentation Foundry, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343; and
| | - Mufadhal Al-Kuhlani
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - James M Pinney
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Jason K Davis
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - Suzanne S Sindi
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343
| | - David M Gravano
- Stem Cell Instrumentation Foundry, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343; and
| | - Katrina K Hoyer
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Natural Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343;
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25
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26
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Beaudin AE, McCann T, Leung G, Forsberg EC. IL7r-alpha fate-mapping labels distinct adult tissue resident macrophages. Exp Hematol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.06.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Beaudin AE, Boyer SW, Perez-Cunningham J, Hernandez GE, Derderian SC, Jujjavarapu C, Aaserude E, MacKenzie T, Forsberg EC. A Transient Developmental Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gives Rise to Innate-like B and T Cells. Cell Stem Cell 2016; 19:768-783. [PMID: 27666010 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The generation of distinct hematopoietic cell types, including tissue-resident immune cells, distinguishes fetal from adult hematopoiesis. However, the mechanisms underlying differential cell production to generate a layered immune system during hematopoietic development are unclear. Using an irreversible lineage-tracing model, we identify a definitive hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) that supports long-term multilineage reconstitution upon transplantation into adult recipients but does not persist into adulthood in situ. These HSCs are fully multipotent, yet they display both higher lymphoid cell production and greater capacity to generate innate-like B and T lymphocytes as compared to coexisting fetal HSCs and adult HSCs. Thus, these developmentally restricted HSCs (drHSCs) define the origin and generation of early lymphoid cells that play essential roles in establishing self-recognition and tolerance, with important implications for understanding autoimmune disease, allergy, and rejection of transplanted organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Beaudin
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Scott W Boyer
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Jessica Perez-Cunningham
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Gloria E Hernandez
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - S Christopher Derderian
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chethan Jujjavarapu
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Eric Aaserude
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Tippi MacKenzie
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
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Hoeffel G, Chen J, Lavin Y, Low D, Almeida FF, See P, Beaudin AE, Lum J, Low I, Forsberg EC, Poidinger M, Zolezzi F, Larbi A, Ng LG, Chan JKY, Greter M, Becher B, Samokhvalov IM, Merad M, Ginhoux F. C-Myb(+) erythro-myeloid progenitor-derived fetal monocytes give rise to adult tissue-resident macrophages. Immunity 2015; 42:665-78. [PMID: 25902481 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 761] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although classified as hematopoietic cells, tissue-resident macrophages (MFs) arise from embryonic precursors that seed the tissues prior to birth to generate a self-renewing population, which is maintained independently of adult hematopoiesis. Here we reveal the identity of these embryonic precursors using an in utero MF-depletion strategy and fate-mapping of yolk sac (YS) and fetal liver (FL) hematopoiesis. We show that YS MFs are the main precursors of microglia, while most other MFs derive from fetal monocytes (MOs). Both YS MFs and fetal MOs arise from erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs) generated in the YS. In the YS, EMPs gave rise to MFs without monocytic intermediates, while EMP seeding the FL upon the establishment of blood circulation acquired c-Myb expression and gave rise to fetal MOs that then seeded embryonic tissues and differentiated into MFs. Thus, adult tissue-resident MFs established from hematopoietic stem cell-independent embryonic precursors arise from two distinct developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Hoeffel
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Yonit Lavin
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Immunology Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Donovan Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Francisca F Almeida
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Peter See
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Josephine Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Ivy Low
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California-Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Michael Poidinger
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Francesca Zolezzi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore
| | - Jerry K Y Chan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore; Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, NUHS Tower Block level 12, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore; Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, 229899 Singapore; Singapore and Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857 Singapore
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Igor M Samokhvalov
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Science, 190 Kai Yuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou, 510530 China
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Immunology Institute, Icahn school of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, IMMUNOS Building #3-4, BIOPOLIS, 138648 Singapore.
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Epelman S, Lavine KJ, Beaudin AE, Sojka DK, Carrero JA, Calderon B, Brija T, Gautier EL, Ivanov S, Satpathy AT, Schilling JD, Schwendener R, Sergin I, Razani B, Forsberg EC, Yokoyama WM, Unanue ER, Colonna M, Randolph GJ, Mann DL. Embryonic and adult-derived resident cardiac macrophages are maintained through distinct mechanisms at steady state and during inflammation. Immunity 2014; 40:91-104. [PMID: 24439267 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1006] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac macrophages are crucial for tissue repair after cardiac injury but are not well characterized. Here we identify four populations of cardiac macrophages. At steady state, resident macrophages were primarily maintained through local proliferation. However, after macrophage depletion or during cardiac inflammation, Ly6c(hi) monocytes contributed to all four macrophage populations, whereas resident macrophages also expanded numerically through proliferation. Genetic fate mapping revealed that yolk-sac and fetal monocyte progenitors gave rise to the majority of cardiac macrophages, and the heart was among a minority of organs in which substantial numbers of yolk-sac macrophages persisted in adulthood. CCR2 expression and dependence distinguished cardiac macrophages of adult monocyte versus embryonic origin. Transcriptional and functional data revealed that monocyte-derived macrophages coordinate cardiac inflammation, while playing redundant but lesser roles in antigen sampling and efferocytosis. These data highlight the presence of multiple cardiac macrophage subsets, with different functions, origins, and strategies to regulate compartment size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slava Epelman
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kory J Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna E Beaudin
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Dorothy K Sojka
- Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Javier A Carrero
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Boris Calderon
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Thaddeus Brija
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emmanuel L Gautier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stoyan Ivanov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Reto Schwendener
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ismail Sergin
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - E Camilla Forsberg
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emil R Unanue
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Douglas L Mann
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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30
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Abarinov EV, Beaudin AE, Field MS, Perry CA, Allen RH, Stabler SP, Stover PJ. Disruption of shmt1 impairs hippocampal neurogenesis and mnemonic function in mice. J Nutr 2013; 143:1028-35. [PMID: 23700346 PMCID: PMC3681542 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.174417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (OCM) has emerged as a risk factor for several diseases associated with age-related cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown and thus hinder the identification of subpopulations most vulnerable to OCM disruption. Here we investigated the role of serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1), a folate-dependent enzyme regulating de novo thymidylate biosynthesis, in influencing neuronal and cognitive function in the adult mouse. We observed Shmt1 expression in the hippocampus, including the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG), and examined hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampal-dependent fear conditioning in mice deficient for Shmt1. We used a 3 × 3 design in which adult male Shmt1(+/+), Shmt1(+/-), and Shmt1(-/-) mice were fed folic acid control (2 mg/kg), folic acid-deficient (0 mg/kg), or folic acid-supplemented (8 mg/kg) diets from weaning through the duration of the study. Proliferation within the DG was elevated by 70% in Shmt1(+/-) mice, yet the number of newborn mature neurons was reduced by 98% compared with that in Shmt1(+/+) mice. Concomitant with these alterations, Shmt1(+/-) mice showed a 45% reduction in mnemonic recall during trace fear conditioning. Dietary folate manipulations alone did not influence neural outcomes. Together, these data identify SHMT1 as one of the first enzymes within the OCM pathway to regulate neuronal and cognitive profiles and implicate impaired thymidylate biosynthesis in the etiology of folate-related neuropathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Abarinov
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - Martha S. Field
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - Cheryll A. Perry
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and
| | - Robert H. Allen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Sally P. Stabler
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, CO
| | - Patrick J. Stover
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; and,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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31
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Boyer SW, Beaudin AE, Forsberg EC. Mapping differentiation pathways from hematopoietic stem cells using Flk2/Flt3 lineage tracing. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3180-8. [PMID: 22895180 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic fate-mapping approaches provide a unique opportunity to assess differentiation pathways under physiological conditions. We have recently employed a lineage tracing approach to define hematopoietic differentiation pathways in relation to expression of the tyrosine kinase receptor Flk2.1 Based on our examination of reporter activity across all stem, progenitor and mature populations in our Flk2-Cre lineage model, we concluded that all mature blood lineages are derived through a Flk2+ intermediate, both at steady-state and under stress conditions. Here, we re-examine in depth our initial conclusions and perform additional experiments to test alternative options of lineage specification. Our data unequivocally support the conclusion that onset of Flk2 expression results in loss of self-renewal but preservation of multilineage differentiation potential. We discuss the implications of these data for defining stem cell identity and lineage potential among hematopoietic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott W Boyer
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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Beaudin AE, Perry CA, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Stover PJ. Maternal Mthfd1 disruption impairs fetal growth but does not cause neural tube defects in mice. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:882-91. [PMID: 22378735 PMCID: PMC3302363 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.030783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MTHFD1 encodes C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, which is a folate-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the formation and interconversion of folate-activated one-carbon groups for nucleotide biosynthesis and cellular methylation. A polymorphism in MTHFD1 (1958G→A) impairs enzymatic activity and is associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, but the mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine whether disruption of the embryonic or maternal Mthfd1 gene or both interacts with impaired folate and choline status to affect neural tube closure, fetal growth, and fertility in mice and to investigate the underlying metabolic disruptions. DESIGN Dams with a gene-trapped (gt) allele in Mthfd1 and wild-type dams were fed a control or folate- and choline-deficient AIN93G diet (Dyets Inc). Litters were examined for gross morphologic defects, crown-rump length, and resorptions. Folate status and amounts of folate-related metabolites were determined in pregnant dams. RESULTS Reduced folate and choline status resulted in severe fetal growth restriction (FGR) and impaired fertility in litters harvested from Mthfd1(gt/+) dams, but embryonic Mthfd1(gt/+) genotype did not affect fetal growth. Gestational supplementation of Mthfd1(gt/+) dams with hypoxanthine increased FGR frequency and caused occasional neural tube defects (NTDs) in Mthfd1(gt/+) embryos. Mthfd1(gt/+) dams exhibited lower red blood cell folate and plasma methionine concentrations than did wild-type dams. CONCLUSIONS Maternal Mthfd1(gt/+) genotype impairs fetal growth but does not cause NTDs when dams are maintained on a folate- and choline-deficient diet. Mthfd1(gt/+) mice exhibit a spectrum of adverse reproductive outcomes previously attributed to the human MTHFD1 1958G→A polymorphism. Mthfd1 heterozygosity impairs folate status in pregnant mice but does not significantly affect homocysteine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Beaudin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Beaudin AE, Abarinov EV, Malysheva O, Perry CA, Caudill M, Stover PJ. Dietary folate, but not choline, modifies neural tube defect risk in Shmt1 knockout mice. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:109-14. [PMID: 22134951 PMCID: PMC3238454 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low dietary choline intake has been proposed to increase the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in human populations. Mice with reduced Shmt1 expression exhibit a higher frequency of NTDs when placed on a folate- and choline-deficient diet and may represent a model of human NTDs. The individual contribution of dietary folate and choline deficiency to NTD incidence in this mouse model is not known. OBJECTIVE To dissociate the effects of dietary folate and choline deficiency on Shmt1-related NTD sensitivity, we determined NTD incidence in embryos from Shmt1-null dams fed diets deficient in either folate or choline. DESIGN Shmt1(+/+) and Shmt1(-/-) dams were maintained on a standard AIN93G diet (Dyets), an AIN93G diet lacking folate (FD), or an AIN93G diet lacking choline (CD). Virgin Shmt1(+/+) and Shmt1(-/-) dams were crossed with Shmt1(+/-) males, and embryos were examined for the presence of NTDs at embryonic day (E) 11.5 or E12.5. RESULTS Exencephaly was observed only in Shmt1(-/-) embryos isolated from dams maintained on the FD diet (P = 0.004). Approximately 33% of Shmt1(-/-)embryos (n = 18) isolated from dams maintained on the FD diet exhibited exencephaly. NTDs were not observed in any embryos isolated from dams maintained on the CD (n = 100) or control (n = 152) diets or in any Shmt1(+/+) (n = 78) or Shmt1(+/-) embryos (n = 182). CONCLUSION Maternal folate deficiency alone is sufficient to induce NTDs in response to embryonic Shmt1 disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Beaudin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Beaudin AE, Abarinov EV, Noden DM, Perry CA, Chu S, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Stover PJ. Shmt1 and de novo thymidylate biosynthesis underlie folate-responsive neural tube defects in mice. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93:789-98. [PMID: 21346092 PMCID: PMC3057548 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.110.002766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid supplementation prevents the occurrence and recurrence of neural tube defects (NTDs), but the causal metabolic pathways underlying folic acid-responsive NTDs have not been established. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1) partitions folate-derived one-carbon units to thymidylate biosynthesis at the expense of cellular methylation, and therefore SHMT1-deficient mice are a model to investigate the metabolic origin of folate-associated pathologies. OBJECTIVES We examined whether genetic disruption of the Shmt1 gene in mice induces NTDs in response to maternal folate and choline deficiency and whether a corresponding disruption in de novo thymidylate biosynthesis underlies NTD pathogenesis. DESIGN Shmt1 wild-type, Shmt1(+/-), and Shmt1(-/-) mice fed either folate- and choline-sufficient or folate- and choline-deficient diets were bred, and litters were examined for the presence of NTDs. Biomarkers of impaired folate metabolism were measured in the dams. In addition, the effect of Shmt1 disruption on NTD incidence was investigated in Pax3(Sp) mice, an established folate-responsive NTD mouse model. RESULTS Shmt1(+/-) and Shmt1(-/-) embryos exhibited exencephaly in response to maternal folate and choline deficiency. Shmt1 disruption on the Pax3(Sp) background exacerbated NTD frequency and severity. Pax3 disruption impaired de novo thymidylate and purine biosynthesis and altered amounts of SHMT1 and thymidylate synthase protein. CONCLUSIONS SHMT1 is the only folate-metabolizing enzyme that has been shown to affect neural tube closure in mice by directly inhibiting folate metabolism. These results provide evidence that disruption of Shmt1 expression causes NTDs by impairing thymidylate biosynthesis and shows that changes in the expression of genes that encode folate-dependent enzymes may be key determinates of NTD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Beaudin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs), including anencephaly and spina bifida, arise from the failure of neurulation during early embryonic development. Neural tube defects are common birth defects with a heterogenous and multifactorial etiology with interacting genetic and environmental risk factors. Although the mechanisms resulting in failure of neural tube closure are unknown, up to 70% of NTDs can be prevented by maternal folic acid supplementation. However, the metabolic mechanisms underlying the association between folic acid and NTD pathogenesis have not been identified. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which impairments in folate metabolism might ultimately lead to failure of neural tube closure, with an emphasis on untangling the relative contributions of nutritional deficiency and genetic risk factors to NTD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Beaudin
- Cornell University, Division of Nutritional Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Beaudin AE, Stover PJ. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism and neural tube defects: balancing genome synthesis and gene expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 81:183-203. [PMID: 17963270 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) refer to a cluster of neurodevelopmental conditions associated with failure of neural tube closure during embryonic development. Worldwide prevalence of NTDs ranges from approximately 0.5 to 60 per 10,000 births, with regional and population-specific variation in prevalence. Numerous environmental and genetic influences contribute to NTD etiology; accumulating evidence from population-based studies has demonstrated that folate status is a significant determinant of NTD risk. Folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism (OCM) is essential for de novo nucleotide biosynthesis, methionine biosynthesis, and cellular methylation reactions. Periconceptional maternal supplementation with folic acid can prevent occurrence of NTDs in the general population by up to 70%; currently several countries fortify their food supply with folic acid for the prevention of NTDs. Despite the unambiguous impact of folate status on NTD risk, the mechanism by which folic acid protects against NTDs remains unknown. Identification of the mechanism by which folate status affects neural tube closure will assist in developing more efficacious and better targeted preventative measures. In this review, we summarize current research on the relationship between folate status and NTDs, with an emphasis on linking genetic variation, folate nutriture, and specific metabolic and/or genomic pathways that intersect to determine NTD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Beaudin
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Moon J, Beaudin AE, Verosky S, Driscoll LL, Weiskopf M, Levitsky DA, Crnic LS, Strupp BJ. Attentional dysfunction, impulsivity, and resistance to change in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Behav Neurosci 2006; 120:1367-79. [PMID: 17201482 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.120.6.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
On a series of attention tasks, male mice with a mutation targeted to the fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmrl) gene (Fmrl knockout [KO] mice) committed a higher rate of premature responses than wild-type littermates, with the largest differences seen when task contingencies changed. This finding indicates impaired inhibitory control, particularly during times of stress or arousal. The KO mice also committed a higher rate of inaccurate responses than controls, particularly during the final third of each daily test session, indicating impaired sustained attention. In the selective attention task, the unpredictable presentation of potent olfactory distractors produced a generalized disruption in the performance of the KO mice, whereas for controls, the disruption produced by the distractors was temporally limited. Finally, the attentional disruption seen following an error was more pronounced for the KO mice than for controls, further implicating impaired regulation of arousal and/or negative affect. The present study provides the first evidence that the Fmrl KO mouse is impaired in inhibitory control, attention, and arousal regulation, hallmark areas of dysfunction in fragile X syndrome. The resistance to change also seen in these mice provides a behavioral index for studying the autistic features of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Moon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Lauay C, Komorowski RW, Beaudin AE, Devoogd TJ. Adult female and male zebra finches show distinct patterns of spine deficits in an auditory area and in the song system when reared without exposure to normal adult song. J Comp Neurol 2005; 487:119-26. [PMID: 15880474 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Male songbirds typically require exposure to normal adult conspecific song during development in order to learn a normal song of their own. Females require exposure to conspecific song during development in order to select high-quality, learned song over the incomplete song produced by males reared in isolation. Altering males' opportunity for song learning during development affects the neuroanatomy of brain regions involved in song production (the song system), but in females the neural effects of song learning are unknown. We raised male and female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) with differing amounts of exposure to singing males during development. At 120 days, we Golgi-stained their brains and measured the frequency of dendritic spines in brain areas used in song perception or production. We found that females reared with little or no exposure to song have 31% fewer dendritic spines per unit length of dendrite in caudomedial nidopallium (NCM), a brain area activated by song perception, compared to control females. The deprived females had small deficits in the frequency of spines in HVC, a region activated by song production in males. Males with limited exposure to song had a 24% lower spine density in HVC than controls but only a 10% lower density in NCM. These data support the hypothesis that NCM is important in auditory learning, while HVC is involved in sensorimotor learning, and that these capacities are differentially emphasized in the two sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lauay
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
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