1
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Chen J, Liu C, Chernatynskaya AV, Newby B, Brusko TM, Xu Y, Barra JM, Morgan N, Santarlas C, Reeves WH, Tse HM, Leiding JW, Mathews CE. NADPH Oxidase 2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Promote CD8+ T Cell Effector Function. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:258-270. [PMID: 38079221 PMCID: PMC10752859 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidants participate in lymphocyte activation and function. We previously demonstrated that eliminating the activity of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) significantly impaired the effectiveness of autoreactive CD8+ CTLs. However, the molecular mechanisms impacting CD8+ T cell function remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the role of NOX2 in both NOD mouse and human CD8+ T cell function. Genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of NOX2 in CD8+ T cells significantly suppressed activation-induced expression of the transcription factor T-bet, the master transcription factor of the Tc1 cell lineage, and T-bet target effector genes such as IFN-γ and granzyme B. Inhibition of NOX2 in both human and mouse CD8+ T cells prevented target cell lysis. We identified that superoxide generated by NOX2 must be converted into hydrogen peroxide to transduce the redox signal in CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we show that NOX2-generated oxidants deactivate the tumor suppressor complex leading to activation of RheB and subsequently mTOR complex 1. These results indicate that NOX2 plays a nonredundant role in TCR-mediated CD8+ T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Anna V. Chernatynskaya
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brittney Newby
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jessie M. Barra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nadine Morgan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jennifer W. Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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2
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Thomas CN, Alfahad N, Capewell N, Cowley J, Hickman E, Fernandez A, Harrison N, Qureshi OS, Bennett N, Barnes NM, Dick AD, Chu CJ, Liu X, Denniston AK, Vendrell M, Hill LJ. Triazole-derivatized near-infrared cyanine dyes enable local functional fluorescent imaging of ocular inflammation. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114623. [PMID: 36029662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) chemical fluorophores are promising tools for in-vivo imaging in real time but often succumb to rapid photodegradation. Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only NIR dye with regulatory approval for ocular imaging in humans; however, ICG, when employed for applications such as labelling immune cells, has limited sensitivity and does not allow precise detection of specific inflammatory events, for example leukocyte recruitment during uveitic flare-ups. We investigated the potential use of photostable novel triazole NIR cyanine (TNC) dyes for detecting and characterising activated T-cell activity within the eye. Three TNC dyes were evaluated for ocular cytotoxicity in-vitro using a MTT assay and optimised concentrations for intraocular detection within ex-vivo porcine eyes after topical application or intracameral injections of the dyes. TNC labelled T-cell tracking experiments and mechanistic studies were also performed in-vitro. TNC-1 and TNC-2 dyes exhibited greater fluorescence intensity than ICG at 10 μM, whereas TNC-3 was only detectable at 100 μM within the porcine eye. TNC dyes did not demonstrate any ocular cell toxicity at working concentrations of 10 μM. CD4+T-cells labelled with TNC-1 or TNC-2 were detected within the porcine eye, with TNC-1 being brighter than TNC-2. Detection of TNC-1 and TNC-2 into CD4+T-cells was prevented by prior incubation with dynole 34-2 (50 μM), suggesting active uptake of these dyes via dynamin-dependent processes. The present study provides evidence that TNC dyes are suitable to detect activated CD4+T-cells within the eye with potential as a diagnostic marker for ocular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe N Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Nada Alfahad
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas Capewell
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jamie Cowley
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Eleanor Hickman
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Antonio Fernandez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain; Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Neale Harrison
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Omar S Qureshi
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Naomi Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Healthcare Technologies Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Neuropharmacology Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew D Dick
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School and School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Colin J Chu
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Bristol Medical School and School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Xiaoxuan Liu
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Alastair K Denniston
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital and University College London Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK; Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Health Data Research UK, London, UK; Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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3
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Abstract
![]()
Optical
imaging has become an essential tool to study biomolecular
processes in live systems with unprecedented spatial resolution. New
fluorescent technologies and advances in optical microscopy have revolutionized
the ways in which we can study immune cells in real time. For example,
activatable fluorophores that emit signals after target recognition
have enabled direct imaging of immune cell function with enhanced
readouts and minimal background. In this Account, we summarize recent
advances in the chemical synthesis and implementation of activatable
fluorescent probes to monitor the activity and the role of immune
cells in different pathological processes, from infection to inflammatory
diseases or cancer. In addition to the contributions that our group
has made to this field, we review the most relevant literature disclosed
over the past decade, providing examples of different activatable
architectures and their application in diagnostics and drug discovery.
This Account covers the imaging of the three major cell types in the
immune system, that is, neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes.
Attracted by the tunability and target specificity of peptides, many
groups have designed strategies based on fluorogenic peptides whose
fluorescence emission is regulated by the reaction with enzymes (e.g.,
MMPs, cathepsins, granzymes), or through Förster resonance
energy transfer (FRET) mechanisms. Selective imaging of immune cells
has been also achieved by targeting different intracellular metabolic
routes, such as lipid biogenesis. Other approaches involve the implementation
of diversity-oriented fluorescence libraries or the use of environmentally
sensitive fluorescent scaffolds (e.g., molecular rotors). Our group
has made important progress by constructing probes to image metastasis-associated
macrophages in tumors, apoptotic neutrophils, or cytotoxic natural
killer (NK) cells against cancer cells, among other examples. The
chemical probes covered in this Account have been successfully validated
in vitro in cell culture systems, and in vivo in relevant models of
inflammation and cancer. Overall, the range of chemical structures
and activation mechanisms reported to sense immune cell function is
remarkable. However, the emergence of new strategies based on new
molecular targets or activatable mechanisms that are yet to be discovered
will open the door to track unexplored roles of immune cells in different
biological systems. We anticipate that upcoming generations of activatable
probes will find applications in the clinic to help assessing immunotherapies
and advance precision medicine. We hope that this Account will evoke
new ideas and innovative work in the design of fluorescent probes
for imaging cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mendive-Tapia
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ Edinburgh, U.K
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Moon CY, Schilder BM, Raj T, Huang KL. Phenome-wide and expression quantitative trait locus associations of coronavirus disease 2019 genetic risk loci. iScience 2021; 24:102550. [PMID: 34027315 PMCID: PMC8129787 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While several genes and clinical traits have been associated with higher risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), how host genetic variants may interact with these parameters and contribute to severe disease is still unclear. Herein, we performed phenome-wide association study, tissue and immune-cell-specific expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL)/splicing quantitative trait locus, and colocalization analyses for genetic risk loci suggestively associated with severe COVID-19 with respiratory failure. Thirteen phenotypes/traits were associated with the severe COVID-19-associated loci at the genome-wide significance threshold, including monocyte counts, fat metabolism traits, and fibrotic idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. In addition, we identified tissue and immune subtype-specific eQTL associations affecting 48 genes, including several ones that may directly impact host immune responses, colocalized with the severe COVID-19 genome-wide association study associations, and showed altered expression in single-cell transcriptomes. Collectively, our work demonstrates that host genetic variations associated with multiple genes and traits show genetic pleiotropy with severe COVID-19 and may inform disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yoon Moon
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Brian M. Schilder
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Towfique Raj
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Estelle and Daniel Maggin Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kuan-lin Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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5
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Brief Report: Diminished Coinhibitory Molecule 2B4 Expression Is Associated With Preserved iNKT Cell Phenotype in HIV Long-Term Nonprogressors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 85:73-78. [PMID: 32796294 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown an association of elevated coinhibitory molecule 2B4 expression with iNKT cells alterations in HIV disease. Herein, we show a comparative analysis of 2B4 expression on iNKT cells of HIV long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) and progressors. METHODS Antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-seropositive individuals (progressors, n = 16) and LTNPs (n = 10) were recruited for this study. We used multicolor flow cytometry on frozen peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine iNKT subset frequencies, the levels of coinhibitory 2B4 expression, and intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. CD1d tetramer was used to characterize iNKT cells. RESULTS We report significantly lower level of 2B4 expression on bulk LTNPs iNKT cells and on their CD4 subsets compared with HIV progressors. Furthermore, the iNKT cells from LTNPs produced higher amount of IFN-γ than HIV progressors as detected by intracellular cytokine staining. Interestingly, the frequency of 2B4iNKT cells of progressors but not LTNPs significantly correlates with CD4 T-cell count, HIV viral load, and IFN-γ production by iNKT cells. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that in addition to suppressed HIV replication, diminished 2B4 expression and associated coinhibitory signaling, and substantial production of IFN-γ could contribute to preserved iNKT cell phenotype in LTNPs.
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6
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Han W, Li J, Zhou H, Qian J, Tong Z, Wang W, Zhong J, Xue T, Chen Q, Yao Y, Shao S. Identification of the association of CD28 + CD244 + Tc17/IFN-γ cells with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3534-3544. [PMID: 32568409 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play multiple and complex immunological roles including antiviral, regulatory, and exhaustive effects in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients. Some CD8+ T-cell subsets were confirmed to be closely related to HCV infection such as TCM , TEM , TEM RA, Tc17, and CD8+ Treg. Herein, we report a new subset of interleukin (IL)-17/interferon (IFN)-γ producing CD8+ T (Tc17/IFN-γ) cells that markedly correlate with CD28+ CD244+ cells, IL-17 levels, and HCV RNA in HCV patients. During early treatment with peg-IFN-a2a plus ribavirin, the imbalance of these Tc17/IFN-γ cells could be partially restored, together with normalized serum alanine aminotransferase but not aspartate transaminase. Also, we analyzed the dynamic change of the percentage of this T cells subset in patients with different outcome after 4-week course of treatment with peg-IFN-a2a plus ribavirin and found that the percentage of CD8+ CD28+ CD244+ T cells significantly decreased in recovered patients but not in nonrecovered patients. In vitro, CD28+ CD244+ T cells were the only CD8+ T-cell group that secreted both IL-17 and IFN-γ in this axis and blockade with anti-CD244 antibodies significantly reduced cytokine production. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the frequency and regulatory functions of CD28+ CD244+ Tc17/IFN-γ cells may play an important role in persistent HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Han
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Hongchang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Qian
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaowei Tong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Department of Medical Therapeutics, First People's Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yunliang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengwen Shao
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
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7
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Wang M, Feng S, Ma G, Miao Y, Zuo B, Ruan J, Zhao S, Wang H, Du X, Liu X. Whole-Genome Methylation Analysis Reveals Epigenetic Variation in Cloned and Donor Pigs. Front Genet 2020; 11:23. [PMID: 32153632 PMCID: PMC7046149 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatic cloning has had a significant impact on the life sciences and is important in a variety of processes, including medical research and animal production. However, the application of somatic cloning has been limited due to its low success rate. Therefore, potential epigenetic variations between cloned and donor animals are still unclear. DNA methylation, one of the factors which is responsible for phenotypic differences in animals, is a commonly researched topic in epigenetic studies of mammals. To investigate the epigenetic variations between cloned and donor animals, we selected blood and ear fibroblasts of a donor pig and a cloned pig to perform whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS). A total of 215 and 707 differential methylation genes (DMGs) were identified in blood and ear fibroblasts, respectively. Functional annotation revealed that DMGs are enriched in many pathways, including T/B or natural killer (NK) cell differentiation, oocyte maturation, embryonic development, and reproductive hormone secretion. Moreover, 22 DMGs in the blood and 75 in the ear were associated with immune responses (e.g., CD244, CDK6, CD5, CD2, CD83, and CDC7). We also found that 18 DMGs in blood and 53 in ear fibroblasts were involved in reproduction. Understanding the expression patterns of DMGs, especially in relation to immune responses and reproduction, will reveal insights that will aid the advancement of future somatic cloning techniques in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Swine Healthy Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China
| | - Shuaifei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guanjun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Swine Healthy Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China
| | - Yiliang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Swine Healthy Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture & Key Laboratory of Agriculture Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Lab of Swine Healthy Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangxi Yangxiang Co., Ltd., Guigang, China
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8
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O’Connell P, Amalfitano A, Aldhamen YA. SLAM Family Receptor Signaling in Viral Infections: HIV and Beyond. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:E184. [PMID: 31744090 PMCID: PMC6963180 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family of receptors are expressed on the majority of immune cells. These receptors often serve as self-ligands, and play important roles in cellular communication and adhesion, thus modulating immune responses. SLAM family receptor signaling is differentially regulated in various immune cell types, with responses generally being determined by the presence or absence of two SLAM family adaptor proteins-Ewing's sarcoma-associated transcript 2 (EAT-2) and SLAM-associated adaptor protein (SAP). In addition to serving as direct regulators of the immune system, certain SLAM family members have also been identified as direct targets for specific microbes and viruses. Here, we will discuss the known roles for these receptors in the setting of viral infection, with special emphasis placed on HIV infection. Because HIV causes such complex dysregulation of the immune system, studies of the roles for SLAM family receptors in this context are particularly exciting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O’Connell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
| | - Andrea Amalfitano
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yasser A. Aldhamen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA, (A.A.)
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9
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Cooksley H, Riva A, Katzarov K, Hadzhiolova-Lebeau T, Pavlova S, Simonova M, Williams R, Chokshi S. Differential Expression of Immune Inhibitory Checkpoint Signatures on Antiviral and Inflammatory T Cell Populations in Chronic Hepatitis B. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 38:273-282. [PMID: 30016182 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2017.0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-specific T cells are critical in mediating the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Interferon gamma (IFNγ)-producing T cells are associated with resolution; in contrast, interleukin-17 (IL-17)-producing T cells are linked to exacerbation of liver inflammation and injury. Checkpoint receptors stringently regulate T cell functions, with their expression profiles varying on different T cell subsets. Blockade of checkpoint receptors may be an effective therapeutic strategy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, blockade may also inadvertently exacerbate proinflammatory responses. In this study, we sought to determine the balance of inflammatory and antiviral T cells and determine their inhibitory receptor profile. The frequency of total and HBV antigen-specific Th17 and Tc17 cells was higher in CHB patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). Th17 and Tc17 cells in CHB patients had significantly lower expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein-3 (TIM-3) compared with HCs, with no difference in programmed death-1 (PD-1) or CD244 expression. Conversely, Th1 and Tc1 cells in CHB patients hyperexpressed PD-1 and CD244, while TIM-3 expression was comparable in both cohorts. During CHB, antiviral IFNγ T cells hyperexpress multiple immune inhibitory receptors driving their functional impairment. In contrast, inflammatory Th17/Tc17 cells hypoexpress TIM-3, but not PD-1 or CD244. Checkpoint inhibitors for CHB should target PD-1 or CD244 to allow restoration of IFNγ responses without affecting inflammatory IL-17 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Cooksley
- 1 Liver Immunology, Institute of Hepatology , Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom .,2 Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Kings College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Riva
- 1 Liver Immunology, Institute of Hepatology , Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom .,2 Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Kings College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Krum Katzarov
- 3 Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Slava Pavlova
- 3 Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marieta Simonova
- 3 Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Roger Williams
- 1 Liver Immunology, Institute of Hepatology , Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom .,2 Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Kings College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
| | - Shilpa Chokshi
- 1 Liver Immunology, Institute of Hepatology , Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom .,2 Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Kings College Hospital , London, United Kingdom
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10
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Bertman KA, Abeywickrama CS, Baumann HJ, Alexander N, McDonald L, Shriver LP, Konopka M, Pang Y. A fluorescent flavonoid for lysosome detection in live cells under "wash free" conditions. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5050-5058. [PMID: 32254534 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00325d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are vital organelles in living cells, which have acidic environments (pH 4.0-5.0) where macrobiomolecules and malfunctioning organelles are broken down into monomers by hydrolase activity. The majority of the currently reported fluorescent probes for detecting lysosomes suffer from small Stokes shifts (Δλ < 20 nm) and higher cytotoxicity due to an "alkalinizing effect". An interesting flavonoid-based lysosome probe is synthesized by introducing a morpholine moiety onto the flavonoid skeleton. This new probe has shown excellent selectivity to detect lysosomes in MO3.13 oligodendrocytes and normal human lung fibroblast cell lines. Probes 1a and 1b have shown excellent fluorescence quantum yield (φfl up to 0.43 in non-aqueous solvents) and large Stokes shifts (120-150 nm). These new fluorescent probes also exhibit a large quantum yield difference from an aqueous to organic environment, making them potentially useful as "wash-free" stains for visualizing lysosomes. Cell viability evaluation of these probes shows excellent biocompatibility with the median lethal concentration being LC50 ≈ 50 μM.
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11
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Zhao F, Ma J, Huang L, Deng Y, Li L, Zhou Y, Li J, Li S, Jiang H, Yang H, Gao S, Wang H, Liu Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis of PBMC from HIV patients pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy. Meta Gene 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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12
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Waide EH, Tuggle CK, Serão NVL, Schroyen M, Hess A, Rowland RRR, Lunney JK, Plastow G, Dekkers JCM. Genomewide association of piglet responses to infection with one of two porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:16-38. [PMID: 28177360 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease in the swine industry. Identification of host genetic factors that enable selection for improved performance during PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection would reduce the impact of this disease on animal welfare and production efficiency. We conducted genomewide association study (GWAS) analyses of data from 13 trials of approximately 200 commercial crossbred nursery-age piglets that were experimentally infected with 1 of 2 type 2 isolates of PRRSV (NVSL 97-7985 [NVSL] and KS2006-72109 [KS06]). Phenotypes analyzed were viral load (VL) in blood during the first 21 d after infection (dpi) and weight gain (WG) from 0 to 42 dpi. We accounted for the previously identified QTL in the region on SSC4 in our models to increase power to identify additional regions. Many regions identified by single-SNP analyses were not identified using Bayes-B, but both analyses identified the same regions on SSC3 and SSC5 to be associated with VL in the KS06 trials and on SSC6 in the NVSL trials ( < 5 × 10); for WG, regions on SSC5 and SSC17 were associated in the NVSL trials ( < 3 × 10). No regions were identified with either method for WG in the KS06 trials. Except for the region on SSC4, which was associated with VL for both isolates (but only with WG for NVSL), identified regions did not overlap between the 2 PRRSV isolate data sets, despite high estimates of the genetic correlation between isolates for traits based on these data. We also identified genomic regions whose associations with VL or WG interacted with either PRRSV isolate or with genotype at the SSC4 QTL. Gene ontology (GO) annotation terms for genes located near moderately associated SNP ( < 0.003) were enriched for multiple immunologically (VL) and metabolism- (WG) related GO terms. The biological relevance of these regions suggests that, although it may increase the number of false positives, the use of single-SNP analyses and a relaxed threshold also increased the identification of true positives. In conclusion, although only the SSC4 QTL was associated with response to both PRRSV isolates, genes near associated SNP were enriched for the same GO terms across PRRSV isolates, suggesting that host responses to these 2 isolates are affected by the actions of many genes that function together in similar biological processes.
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Ahmad F, Shankar EM, Yong YK, Tan HY, Ahrenstorf G, Jacobs R, Larsson M, Schmidt RE, Kamarulzaman A, Ansari AW. Negative Checkpoint Regulatory Molecule 2B4 (CD244) Upregulation Is Associated with Invariant Natural Killer T Cell Alterations and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Progression. Front Immunol 2017; 8:338. [PMID: 28396665 PMCID: PMC5366318 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are implicated in innate immune responses against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the determinants of cellular dysfunction across the iNKT cells subsets are seldom defined in HIV disease. Herein, we provide evidence for the involvement of the negative checkpoint regulator (NCR) 2B4 in iNKT cell alteration in a well-defined cohort of HIV-seropositive anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naïve, ART-treated, and elite controllers (ECs). We report on exaggerated 2B4 expression on iNKT cells of HIV-infected treatment-naïve individuals. In sharp contrast to CD4−iNKT cells, 2B4 expression was significantly higher on CD4+ iNKT cell subset. Notably, an increased level of 2B4 on iNKT cells was strongly correlated with parameters associated with HIV disease progression. Further, iNKT cells from ART-naïve individuals were defective in their ability to produce intracellular IFN-γ. Together, our results suggest that the levels of 2B4 expression and the downstream co-inhibitory signaling events may contribute to impaired iNKT cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareed Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Division of Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu (CUTN), Thiruvarur, India
| | - Yean K Yong
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Hong Y Tan
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Gerrit Ahrenstorf
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University , Linkoping , Sweden
| | - Reinhold E Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School , Hannover , Germany
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul W Ansari
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Kis-Toth K, Comte D, Karampetsou MP, Kyttaris VC, Kannan L, Terhorst C, Tsokos GC. Selective Loss of Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 4-Positive CD8+ T Cells Contributes to the Decreased Cytotoxic Cell Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:164-73. [PMID: 26314831 DOI: 10.1002/art.39410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Engagement of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 4 (SLAMF4; CD244, 2B4) by its ligand SLAMF2 (CD48) modulates the function and expansion of both natural killer cells and a subset of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Because the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T lymphocytes isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known to be impaired, the aim of this study was to assess whether the expression and function of the checkpoint regulator SLAMF4 are altered on CD8+ T cells from patients with SLE. METHODS The expression of SLAMF4 by T cells from healthy donors and patients with SLE was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. T cells were activated with anti-CD3 antibody, and degranulation activity was monitored by the surface expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1; CD107a). The SLAMF4+ and SLAMF4- CD8+ T cell subpopulations were characterized by LAMP-1, perforin, and granzyme B expression and viral peptide-induced proliferation. RESULTS SLAMF4 gene and surface protein expression was down-regulated in CD8+ T cells from SLE patients compared with that in cells obtained from healthy donors. Importantly, SLE patients had significantly fewer SLAMF4+ CD8+ T cells compared with healthy donors. SLAMF4- CD8+ T cells from SLE patients had a decreased cytotoxic capacity and decreased proliferative responses to viral peptides. The loss of memory SLAMF4+ CD8+ T cells in SLE patients was linked to the fact that these cells have an increased propensity to lose CD8 expression and become double-negative T cells. CONCLUSION A selective loss of SLAMF4+ CD8+ T cells contributes to the compromised ability of T cells from patients with SLE to fight infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Kis-Toth
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Denis Comte
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maria P Karampetsou
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lakshmi Kannan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - George C Tsokos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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15
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Lissina A, Ambrozak DR, Boswell KL, Yang W, Boritz E, Wakabayashi Y, Iglesias MC, Hashimoto M, Takiguchi M, Haddad E, Douek DC, Zhu J, Koup RA, Yamamoto T, Appay V. Fine-tuning of CD8(+) T-cell effector functions by targeting the 2B4-CD48 interaction. Immunol Cell Biol 2016; 94:583-92. [PMID: 26860368 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2016.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyfunctionality and cytotoxic activity dictate CD8(+) T-cell efficacy in the eradication of infected and malignant cells. The induction of these effector functions depends on the specific interaction between the T-cell receptor (TCR) and its cognate peptide-MHC class I complex, in addition to signals provided by co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory receptors, which can further regulate these functions. Among these receptors, the role of 2B4 is contested, as it has been described as either co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory in modulating T-cell functions. We therefore combined functional, transcriptional and epigenetic approaches to further characterize the impact of disrupting the interaction of 2B4 with its ligand CD48, on the activity of human effector CD8(+) T-cell clones. In this setting, we show that the 2B4-CD48 axis is involved in the fine-tuning of CD8(+) T-cell effector function upon antigenic stimulation. Blocking this interaction resulted in reduced CD8(+) T-cell clone-mediated cytolytic activity, together with a subtle drop in the expression of genes involved in effector function regulation. Our results also imply a variable contribution of the 2B4-CD48 interaction to the modulation of CD8(+) T-cell functional properties, potentially linked to intrinsic levels of T-bet expression and TCR avidity. The present study thus provides further insights into the role of the 2B4-CD48 interaction in the fine regulation of CD8(+) T-cell effector function upon antigenic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lissina
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - David R Ambrozak
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kristin L Boswell
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eli Boritz
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria C Iglesias
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Masao Hashimoto
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Elias Haddad
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute of Florida, Lucie, FL, USA
| | - Daniel C Douek
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Zhu
- Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Koup
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DHU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,INSERM U1135, CIMI-Paris, Paris, France
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16
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van Driel BJ, Liao G, Engel P, Terhorst C. Responses to Microbial Challenges by SLAMF Receptors. Front Immunol 2016; 7:4. [PMID: 26834746 PMCID: PMC4718992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SLAMF family (SLAMF) of cell surface glycoproteins is comprised of nine glycoproteins and while SLAMF1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are self-ligand receptors, SLAMF2 and SLAMF4 interact with each other. Their interactions induce signal transduction networks in trans, thereby shaping immune cell-cell communications. Collectively, these receptors modulate a wide range of functions, such as myeloid cell and lymphocyte development, and T and B cell responses to microbes and parasites. In addition, several SLAMF receptors serve as microbial sensors, which either positively or negatively modulate the function of macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and NK cells in response to microbial challenges. The SLAMF receptor-microbe interactions contribute both to intracellular microbicidal activity as well as to migration of phagocytes to the site of inflammation. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on how the SLAMF receptors and their specific adapters SLAM-associated protein and EAT-2 regulate innate and adaptive immune responses to microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Job van Driel
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Gongxian Liao
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Pablo Engel
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Immunology and Neurosciences, Medical School, University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
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17
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McArdel SL, Terhorst C, Sharpe AH. Roles of CD48 in regulating immunity and tolerance. Clin Immunol 2016; 164:10-20. [PMID: 26794910 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CD48, a member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule family, participates in adhesion and activation of immune cells. Although constitutively expressed on most hematopoietic cells, CD48 is upregulated on subsets of activated cells. CD48 can have activating roles on T cells, antigen presenting cells and granulocytes, by binding to CD2 or bacterial FimH, and through cell intrinsic effects. Interactions between CD48 and its high affinity ligand CD244 are more complex, with both stimulatory and inhibitory outcomes. CD244:CD48 interactions regulate target cell lysis by NK cells and CTLs, which are important for viral clearance and regulation of effector/memory T cell generation and survival. Here we review roles of CD48 in infection, tolerance, autoimmunity, and allergy, as well as the tools used to investigate this receptor. We discuss stimulatory and regulatory roles for CD48, its potential as a therapeutic target in human disease, and current challenges to investigation of this immunoregulatory receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L McArdel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Arlene H Sharpe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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18
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O’Keeffe MS, Song JH, Liao G, De Calisto J, Halibozek PJ, Mora JR, Bhan AK, Wang N, Reinecker HC, Terhorst C. SLAMF4 Is a Negative Regulator of Expansion of Cytotoxic Intraepithelial CD8+ T Cells That Maintains Homeostasis in the Small Intestine. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:991-1001.e4. [PMID: 25678452 PMCID: PMC4409516 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intraepithelial T lymphocyte cells (IEL) are the first immune cells to respond to pathogens; they help maintain the integrity of the epithelial barrier. We studied the function of the mouse glycoprotein Signaling Lymphocyte Activation Molecule Family receptor (SLAMF) 4 (encoded by Slamf4) on the surface of CD8αβ αβ T-cell receptor (TCR)(+) IELs, and the roles of these cells in homeostasis of the small intestine in mice. METHODS SLAMF4(-) CD8(+) αβTCR(+) cells isolated from spleens of OT-I Rag1(-/-) mice were induced to express gut-homing receptors and transferred to C57BL/6J mice; levels of SLAMF4(+) cells were measured in small intestine tissues. After administration of anti-CD3 or antigen, with or without anti-SLAM4, to C57BL/6J and Slamf4(-/-) mice, CD8αβ αβTCR(+) IELs were collected; cytokine production and cytotoxicity were measured. Depletion of CX3CR1(+) phagocytes was assessed in mice by live-cell confocal imaging or by cytofluorometry; small intestine tissues were analyzed by histology and inflammation was quantified. RESULTS Splenic CD8(+) αβTCR(+) cells began to express SLAMF4 only after migrating to the small intestine. Injection of C57BL/6J mice with anti-SLAMF4 and anti-CD3 increased levels of interleukin 10 and interferon gamma secretion by IEL, compared with injection of anti-CD3 only. Similarly, the number of granzyme B(+) cytotoxic CD8(+) αβTCR(+) IELs increased in Slamf4(-/-) mice after injection of anti-CD3 and anti-SLAMF4, administration of antigen, or injection of anti-CD3. Surprisingly, in vivo activation of CD8αβ(+) IELs with anti-CD3 or antigen caused transient depletion of CX3CR1(+) phagocytes, which was prolonged by co-injection with anti-SLAMF4 or in Slamf4(-/-) mice. Anti-CD3 aggravated inflammation in the small intestines of Slamf4(-/-) mice and Eat2a(-/-)Eat2b(-/-) mice, indicated by flattened villi and crypt hyperplasia. CONCLUSIONS In mice, the intestinal environment induces SLAMF4 expression and localization to the surface of CD8(+) αβTCR(+) IELs. Signaling via SLAMF4 controls expansion of cytotoxic CD8αβ(+) IELs, which regulate the reversible depletion of lamina propria phagocytes and inflammation in the small intestine.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/deficiency
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Hyperplasia
- Intestinal Mucosa/immunology
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Intestine, Small/immunology
- Intestine, Small/metabolism
- Intestine, Small/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phagocytes/immunology
- Phagocytes/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. O’Keeffe
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115. USA
| | - Joo-Hye Song
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114. USA
| | - Gongxian Liao
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115. USA. Tel: 1-617-735-4141, Fax: (617) 735-4140
| | - Jaime De Calisto
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115. USA
| | - Peter J. Halibozek
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115. USA
| | - J. Rodrigo Mora
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114. USA
| | - Atul K. Bhan
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ninghai Wang
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115. USA
| | - Hans-Christian Reinecker
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02114. USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02115. USA. Tel: (617) 735-4131; Fax: (617) 735-4135
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To describe the recent data on the role of coinhibitory receptors, such as PD-1, Tim-3, CD160, as mediators of the 'exhaustion' of virus-specific CD8 T cells in chronic infections and particularly in HIV. RECENT FINDINGS Exhaustion of chronic virus-specific CD8 T cells is a dynamic process characterized by altered differentiation, impaired function, and compromised proliferation/survival profile of these cells. This process is mediated by coinhibitory receptors expressed on the surface of virus-specific CD8 T cells and an orchestrated function of centrally connected pathways. Coexpression of several coinhibitory receptors characterizes severely exhausted virus-specific CD8 T cells. Several studies suggest a synergistic action, instead of a redundant role, of the different receptors. In-vivo manipulation of the coinhibitory network can rejuvenate exhausted virus-specific CD8 T cell responses and constrain replication of chronic viruses, including HIV. SUMMARY Revealing the molecular basis of virus-specific CD8 T cell exhaustion in chronic infections is critical for the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the designing of novel vaccines aiming to enhance the cytolytic arm of the immune system. This is of particular interest for the development of immunotherapies in the context of a functional cure for HIV.
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20
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Gaiha GD, McKim KJ, Woods M, Pertel T, Rohrbach J, Barteneva N, Chin CR, Liu D, Soghoian DZ, Cesa K, Wilton S, Waring MT, Chicoine A, Doering T, Wherry EJ, Kaufmann DE, Lichterfeld M, Brass AL, Walker BD. Dysfunctional HIV-specific CD8+ T cell proliferation is associated with increased caspase-8 activity and mediated by necroptosis. Immunity 2014; 41:1001-12. [PMID: 25526311 PMCID: PMC4312487 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Decreased HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation is a hallmark of chronic infection, but the mechanisms of decline are unclear. We analyzed gene expression profiles from antigen-stimulated HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells from patients with controlled and uncontrolled infection and identified caspase-8 as a correlate of dysfunctional CD8(+) T cell proliferation. Caspase-8 activity was upregulated in HIV-specific CD8(+) T cells from progressors and correlated positively with disease progression and programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) expression, but negatively with proliferation. In addition, progressor cells displayed a decreased ability to upregulate membrane-associated caspase-8 activity and increased necrotic cell death following antigenic stimulation, implicating the programmed cell death pathway necroptosis. In vitro necroptosis blockade rescued HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation in progressors, as did silencing of necroptosis mediator RIPK3. Thus, chronic stimulation leading to upregulated caspase-8 activity contributes to dysfunctional HIV-specific CD8(+) T cell proliferation through activation of necroptosis and increased cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Pertel
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Natasha Barteneva
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christopher R Chin
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Kevin Cesa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Michael T Waring
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | | | - Travis Doering
- Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Abraham L Brass
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems (MaPS), University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Kløverpris HN, McGregor R, McLaren JE, Ladell K, Stryhn A, Koofhethile C, Brener J, Chen F, Riddell L, Graziano L, Klenerman P, Leslie A, Buus S, Price DA, Goulder P. Programmed death-1 expression on HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells is shaped by epitope specificity, T-cell receptor clonotype usage and antigen load. AIDS 2014; 28:2007-21. [PMID: 24906112 PMCID: PMC4166042 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although CD8+ T cells play a critical role in the control of HIV-1 infection,their antiviral efficacy can be limited by antigenic variation and immune exhaustion.The latter phenomenon is characterized by the upregulation of multiple inhibitory receptors, such as programmed death-1 (PD-1), CD244 and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), which modulate the functional capabilities of CD8+ T cells. DESIGN AND METHODS Here, we used an array of different human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B*15:03 and HLA-B*42:01 tetramers to characterize inhibitory receptor expression as a function of differentiation on HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell populations(n = 128) spanning 11 different epitope targets. RESULTS Expression levels of PD-1, but not CD244 or LAG-3, varied substantially across epitope specificities both within and between individuals. Differential expression of PD-1 on T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes within individual HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell populations was also apparent, independent of clonal dominance hierarchies. Positive correlations were detected between PD-1 expression and plasma viral load, which were reinforced by stratification for epitope sequence stability and dictated by effector memory CD8+ T cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that PD-1 expression on HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells tracks antigen load at the level of epitope specificity and TCR clonotype usage. These findings are important because they provide evidence that PD-1 expression levels are influenced by peptide/HLA class I antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik N. Kløverpris
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, Oxford
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, K-RITH, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Reuben McGregor
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, Oxford
| | - James E. McLaren
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anette Stryhn
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Jacqui Brener
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, Oxford
| | - Fabian Chen
- Department of Sexual Health, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading
| | - Lynn Riddell
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Northamptonshire Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Northampton General Hospital, Cliftonville, Northampton
| | - Luzzi Graziano
- Department of Sexual Health, Wycombe Hospital, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire
| | - Paul Klenerman
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Institute for Tuberculosis and HIV, K-RITH, Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - David A. Price
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- David A. Price and Philip Goulder contributed equally to this study
| | - Philip Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building, Oxford
- David A. Price and Philip Goulder contributed equally to this study
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