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Ghasemifar S, Chabak O, Piri-Gharaghie T, Doosti A. PIRES2-EGFP/CTB-UreI vaccination activated a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 immune system defense towards Helicobacter pylori infection in the BALB/c mice model. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00209-3. [PMID: 38453620 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence of gastritis, gastric ulcers, distal gastric cancer, and gastric mucosal lymphoma in humans is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Vaccination is an effective preventive measure due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Fusion vaccination is a potentially practical approach. A fusion vaccine was created in this study by combining the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) with the antigenic H. pylori urease I subunit (CTB-UreI). The CTB-UreI DNA vaccine was chemically cloned into pIRES2-EGFP, and the success of the cloning was validated using PCR and restriction enzyme digestion. An investigation was conducted on the induction of CTB-UreI in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The immunogenicity and immune-protective efficacy of the vaccination were assessed in BALB/c mice. The Western blot assay successfully identified the activation of CTB-UreI. In comparison, BALB/c mice receiving pIRES2-EGFP/CTB-UreI vaccination exhibited higher IgG, IgA, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 levels in their blood samples. In addition, there was a decrease in stomach injuries and bacterial loads. Furthermore, BALB/c mice inoculated with pIRES2-EGFP/CTB-UreI showed a high level of immunity (100%) against the H. pylori challenge. The pIRES2-EGFP/CTB-UreI elicited a combination of Th1/Th2/Th17 immune responses, possibly contributing to an effective defence mechanism. Our data suggests that using this fusion vaccine to prevent H. pylori infection is a promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Ghasemifar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Omid Chabak
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Tohid Piri-Gharaghie
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, East-Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Doosti
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Zhang Z, Zhu T, Zhang L, Xing Y, Yan Z, Li Q. Critical influence of cytokines and immune cells in autoimmune gastritis. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2174531. [PMID: 36762543 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2174531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a type of the most common cancers. Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and infection with Helicobacter pylori (HP) are the risk factors of triggering GC. With the emphasis on the treatment of HP, the incidence and prevalence of HP infection in population is decreasing. However, AIG lacks accurate diagnosis and treatment methods, which occupies high cancer risk factors. AIG is controlled by the immune environment of the stomach, including immune cells, inflammatory cells, and infiltrating intercellular material. Various immune cells or cytokines play a central role in the process of regulating gastric parietal cells. Abnormal expression levels of cytokines involved in immunity are bound to face the risk of tumorigenesis. Therefore, it is particularly important for preventing or treating AIG and avoiding the risk of gastric cancer to clarify the confirmed action mode of immune cells and cytokines in the gastric system. Herein, we briefly reviewed the role of the immune environment under AIG, focussing on describing these double-edged effects between immune cells and cytokines, and pointing out potential research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Zhang
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongtong Zhu
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanchao Xing
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Kunshan Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Cheng M, Zheng Y, Fan Y, Yan P, Zhao W. The contribution of IL-17A-dependent low LCN2 levels to Helicobacter pylori infection: Insights from clinical and experimental studies. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110960. [PMID: 37722259 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common bacterial infection that is widespread globally. It is crucial to comprehend the molecular mechanisms that underlie the infection caused by H. pylori in order to devise successful therapeutic approaches. The objective of this study was to examine the involvement of Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) in the development of H. pylori infection. METHODS LCN2 expression levels in human gastric mucosa and H. pylori-infected mouse models were analyzed using quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry methods. The effects of LCN2 on the attachment of H. pylori to gastric mucosa cells were assessed using bacterial culture and fluorescence intensity tests. To investigate the correlation between LCN2, CCL20, and IL-17A, we performed gene expression analysis and measured serum levels. RESULTS The findings indicated an increase in LCN2 levels in the gastric mucosa of both patients and mice infected with H. pylori. Blocking the natural LCN2 resulted in an increased attachment of H. pylori to cells in the gastric mucosa. In addition, we noticed that reduced levels of LCN2 promoted the attachment of H. pylori to cells in the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, H. pylori-infected patients exhibited increased expression of both LCN2 and CCL20, and there was a positive correlation between serum levels of CCL20 and LCN2. LCN2 expression was found to depend on the presence of IL-17A, and inhibiting IL-17A led to a higher H. pylori colonization. CONCLUSION The persistence of H. pylori infection is facilitated by the presence of low levels of LCN2, which is dependent on IL-17A. This finding offers valuable perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Yujuan Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China.
| | - Weidong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Infectious Disease Hospital of Yunnan Province, Dali, Yunnan, China.
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Pachathundikandi SK, Tegtmeyer N, Backert S. Masking of typical TLR4 and TLR5 ligands modulates inflammation and resolution by Helicobacter pylori. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:903-915. [PMID: 37012092 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a paradigm of chronic bacterial infection and is associated with peptic ulceration and malignancies. H. pylori uses specific masking mechanisms to avoid canonical ligands from activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs), such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modification and specific flagellin sequences that are not detected by TLR4 and TLR5, respectively. Thus, it was believed for a long time that H. pylori evades TLR recognition as a crucial strategy for immune escape and bacterial persistence. However, recent data indicate that multiple TLRs are activated by H. pylori and play a role in the pathology. Remarkably, H. pylori LPS, modified through changes in acylation and phosphorylation, is mainly sensed by other TLRs (TLR2 and TLR10) and induces both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. In addition, two structural components of the cag pathogenicity island-encoded type IV secretion system (T4SS), CagL and CagY, were shown to contain TLR5-activating domains. These domains stimulate TLR5 and enhance immunity, while LPS-driven TLR10 signaling predominantly activates anti-inflammatory reactions. Here, we discuss the specific roles of these TLRs and masking mechanisms during infection. Masking of typical TLR ligands combined with evolutionary shifting to other TLRs is unique for H. pylori and has not yet been described for any other species in the bacterial kingdom. Finally, we highlight the unmasked T4SS-driven activation of TLR9 by H. pylori, which mainly triggers anti-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneesh Kumar Pachathundikandi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept. of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Dept. of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Nicole Tegtmeyer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept. of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Backert
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Dept. of Biology, Chair of Microbiology, Staudtstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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Malli C, Pandit L, D’Cunha A, Sudhir A. Helicobacter pylori infection may influence prevalence and disease course in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disorder (MOGAD) similar to MS but not AQP4-IgG associated NMOSD. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162248. [PMID: 37304259 PMCID: PMC10250711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (Hp) persists after colonizing the gut in childhood, and potentially regulates host immune system through this process. Earlier studies have shown that Hp infection in childhood, may protect against MS in later life. Such an association was not seen with AQP4-IgG positive NMOSD, while the association with MOGAD is unclear. Objective To evaluate frequency of Hp IgG among patients with MOGAD, MS, NMOSD and matched controls and its effect on disease course. To ascertain whether childhood socio economic factors were linked to prevalence of Hp infection. Methods In all, 99 patients diagnosed to have MOGAD, 99 AQP4 IgG+ NMOSD, 254MS and 243 matched controls were included. Patient demographics, diagnosis, age at disease onset, duration and the last recorded expanded disability status scale (EDSS) were obtained from our records. Socioeconomic and educational status was queried using a previously validated questionnaire. Serum HpIgG was detected using ELISA kits (Vircell, Spain). Result Frequency of Hp IgG was significantly lower among MOGAD (28.3% vs 44%, p-0.007) and MS (21.2% vs 44%, p-0.0001) but not AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD patients (42.4% vs 44%, p-0.78) when compared to controls. Frequency of Hp IgG in MOGAD & MS patients combined (MOGAD-MS) was significantly lower than those with NMOSD (23.2% vs 42.4%, p- 0.0001). Seropositive patients with MOGAD- MS were older (p-0.001. OR -1.04, 95% CI- 1.01- 1.06) and had longer disease duration (p- 0.04, OR- 1.04, 95% CI- 1.002- 1.08) at time of testing. Educational status was lower among parents/caregivers of this study cohort (p- 0.001, OR -2.34, 95% CI- 1.48-3.69) who were Hp IgG+. Conclusions In developing countries Hp infection may be a significant environmental factor related to autoimmune demyelinating CNS disease. Our preliminary data suggests that Hp may exert a differential influence - a largely protective role for MS-MOGAD but not NMOSD and may influence disease onset and course. This differential response maybe related to immuno-pathological similarities between MOGAD and MS in contrast to NMOSD. Our study further underscores the role of Hp as a surrogate marker for poor gut hygiene in childhood and its association with later onset of autoimmune diseases.
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Zhang Y, Tao M, Chen C, Zhao X, Feng Q, Chen G, Fu Y. BAFF Blockade Attenuates DSS-Induced Chronic Colitis via Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome and NF-κB Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:783254. [PMID: 35320937 PMCID: PMC8934862 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.783254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BAFF production is increased in IBD patients. However, the specific role of BAFF in IBD is still uncovered. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of BAFF in experimental colitis and the potential mechanisms. Methods BAFF levels in the serum and colon tissues were measured by ELISA in DSS-induced colitis mice. Mouse-derived BAFF antibody was administered in DSS mice. The changes of body weight, disease activity index (DAI) scores, colon length, spleen weight, histopathological damage, inflammatory indicators, NF-κB signaling, and NLRP3 inflammasome were assayed in DSS mice and control. LPS-primed RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) were treated with BAFF blockage and recombinant mouse BAFF. Inflammatory associated cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasomes and NF-κB signaling were detected among groups. Results BAFF production was elevated systemically and locally in colitis mice. BAFF blockade improved the body weight loss, DAI scores, colon length, spleen weight, and histopathological damage in colitis mice. Immunoflurescence analysis revealed that elevated macrophages in mucosal lamina propria were the primary source of BAFF in the colon. NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway activation were dramatically inhibited in DSS mice treated with BAFF blockage. In LPS-primed RAW264.7 cells/BMDMs, BAFF blockade decreased the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome (NLPR3, ASC, cleaved IL-1β, cleaved caspase 1) via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Moreover, LPS synergizes with BAFF to promote inflammatory factor secretion and expression of NF-κB signaling pathway in RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions These results suggested that BAFF blockade protected against colitis partially by relieving inflammation, inhibiting intestinal NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB signaling pathway from macrophages. BAFF plays an important role in inflammation regulation in IBD, thus providing a novel idea for further research on colitis and experimental evidences for novel potential therapeutic target in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meihui Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinyu Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Fu,
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Jiang QL, Lu Y, Zhang MJ, Cui ZY, Pei ZM, Li WH, Lu LG, Wang JJ, Lu YY. Mucosal bacterial dysbiosis in patients with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in the terminal ileum. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:811-824. [PMID: 35317097 PMCID: PMC8900573 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i8.811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH) in the small intestine is a rare benign lesion characterized by multiple small nodules on the intestinal surface. Patients with terminal ileal NLH may experience long-term abdominal pain, diarrhea, and abdominal distension, among other symptoms. Supplementation with probiotics could mitigate these symptoms. NLH is linked to the immune system, and it may result from accumulation of plasma-cell precursors due to a maturational defect during the development of B lymphocytes. The intestinal microbiome plays an essential role in the immune system. Thus, we speculate that the gut flora plays a key role in terminal ileal NLH.
AIM To explore the correlation between intestinal flora and terminal ileal NLH.
METHODS We collected mucosal biopsy samples that were obtained via colonoscopy from 15 patients with terminal ileal NLH (the test group) and 15 normal subjects (the control group). We subsequently performed 16S-rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of these samples, and the results were evaluated using alpha diversity, beta diversity and microbial composition analyses. The Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was used to predict the metabolic pathways and orthologous groups according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database.
RESULTS Compared with the control group, the terminal ileal NLH group showed an increased alpha diversity (P < 0.05). The overall intestinal microbiota in the NLH group was significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05), implying that there was the dysbiosis in the terminal ileal NLH patients. The relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly lower in the NLH group, while that of Patescibacteria and Campilobacterota was significantly higher. The genus Bacteroides was the dominant gut microbiota in both groups, but its abundance was significantly lower in the test group than it was in the control group. Conversely, the relative abundances of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Actinomyces, TM7X, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas, Granulicatella, Helicobacter, and the [Eubacterium] nodatum group were significantly higher in the test group than they were in the control group. In addition, several altered metabolic pathways, orthologous groups, and modules were found. For example, the Peptidoglycan biosynthesis and Aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis were both increased in the test group.
CONCLUSION Maintaining the microbial balance and supplementing targeted protective bacteria could improve symptoms and potentially reduce the risk of lymphoma transformation in patients with terminal ileal NLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Li Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - You Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Cui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Zhong-Mei Pei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Wen-Hua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
| | - Lun-Gen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Diseases, Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiading Branch of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201803, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
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Della Bella C, Soluri MF, Puccio S, Benagiano M, Grassi A, Bitetti J, Cianchi F, Sblattero D, Peano C, D’Elios MM. The Helicobacter pylori CagY Protein Drives Gastric Th1 and Th17 Inflammation and B Cell Proliferation in Gastric MALT Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179459. [PMID: 34502367 PMCID: PMC8431018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: the neoplastic B cells of the Helicobacter pylori-related low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma proliferate in response to H. pylori, however, the nature of the H. pylori antigen responsible for proliferation is still unknown. The purpose of the study was to dissect whether CagY might be the H. pylori antigen able to drive B cell proliferation. Methods: the B cells and the clonal progeny of T cells from the gastric mucosa of five patients with MALT lymphoma were compared with those of T cell clones obtained from five H. pylori–infected patients with chronic gastritis. The T cell clones were assessed for their specificity to H. pylori CagY, cytokine profile and helper function for B cell proliferation. Results: 22 of 158 CD4+ (13.9%) gastric clones from MALT lymphoma and three of 179 CD4+ (1.7%) clones from chronic gastritis recognized CagY. CagY predominantly drives Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-17 (IL-17) secretion by gastric CD4+ T cells from H. pylori-infected patients with low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. All MALT lymphoma-derived clones dose dependently increased their B cell help, whereas clones from chronic gastritis lost helper activity at T-to-B-cell ratios greater than 1. Conclusion: the results obtained indicate that CagY drives both B cell proliferation and T cell activation in gastric MALT lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Della Bella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Maria Felicia Soluri
- Department of Health Sciences & IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease, Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Puccio
- Genomic Unit, IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20090 Milan, Italy;
| | - Marisa Benagiano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Alessia Grassi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Jacopo Bitetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Fabio Cianchi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (J.B.); (F.C.)
| | - Daniele Sblattero
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Clelia Peano
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, 20090 Milan, Italy;
- Human Technopole, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Milco D’Elios
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (C.D.B.); (M.B.); (A.G.); (J.B.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-055-275-8331
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Ruan G, Huang A, Hu C, Xu N, Fan M, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Xing Y. CD4 + CD8αα + T cells in the gastric epithelium mediate chronic inflammation induced by Helicobacter felis. Microb Pathog 2021; 159:105151. [PMID: 34450200 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ CD8αα+ double-positive intraepithelial T lymphocytes (DP T cells), a newly characterized subset of intraepithelial T cells, are reported to contribute to local immunosuppression. However, the presence of DP T cells in Helicobacter. pylori -induced gastritis and their relationship with disease prognosis has yet to be elucidated. In this study, a chronic gastritis model was established by infecting mice with Helicobacter felis. Gastric-infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from these mice and analyzed by flow cytometry. The frequency of DP T cells in H. felis-induced gastritis mice was higher than that in uninfected mice. The gastric DP T cells were derived from lamina propria cells but were predominantly distributed in the gastric epithelial layer. These gastric DP T cells also exhibited anti-inflammatory functions, and they inhibited the maturation of dendritic cells and proliferation of CD4+ T lymphocytes in vitro. Elimination of DP T cells simultaneously resulted in severe gastritis and a reduction of H. felis load in vivo. Finally, vaccine mixed with different adjuvants was used to explore the relationship between vaccine efficacy and DP cells. Silk fibroin as the vaccine delivery system enhanced vaccine efficacy by reducing the number of DP T cells. This study demonstrated that DP T cells perform an immunosuppressive role in Helicobacter felis-induced gastritis, and consequently, DP T cells may affect disease prognosis and vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojing Ruan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - An Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chupeng Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ningyin Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Menghui Fan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Xing
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Shi Z, Zhang M. Emerging Roles for the Gut Microbiome in Lymphoid Neoplasms. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2021; 15:11795549211024197. [PMID: 34211309 PMCID: PMC8216388 DOI: 10.1177/11795549211024197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid neoplasms encompass a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a predilection for immunocompromised individuals, and the disease burden of lymphoid neoplasms has been rising globally over the last decade. At the same time, mounting studies delineated a crucial role of the gut microbiome in the aetiopathogenesis of various diseases. Orchestrated interactions between myriad microorganisms and the gastrointestinal mucosa establish a defensive barrier for a range of physiological processes, especially immunity and metabolism. These findings provide new perspectives to harness our knowledge of the gut microbiota for preclinical and clinical studies of lymphoma. Here, we review recent findings that support a role for the gut microbiota in the development of lymphoid neoplasms and pinpoint relevant molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, we propose the microbiota-gut-lymphoma axis as a promising target for clinical translation, including auxiliary diagnosis, novel prevention and treatment strategies, and predicting clinical outcomes and treatment-related adverse effects of the disease in the future. This review will reveal a fascinating avenue of research in the microbiota-mediated lymphoma field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Quan R, Chen C, Yan W, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Fu Y. BAFF Blockade Attenuates Inflammatory Responses and Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in a Murine Endotoxemia Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570920. [PMID: 33324396 PMCID: PMC7725703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell-activating factor (BAFF) production is increased in septic patients. However, the specific role of BAFF in sepsis remains unknown. This study was designed to investigate the expression and function of BAFF in an experimental endotoxemia model and to identify the potential mechanisms. We established an endotoxemia mouse (6–8 weeks, 20–22 g) model by administering 30 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS). BAFF levels in the circulating system and organ tissues were measured 4 and 8 h after LPS injection. Survival rates in the endotoxemia mice were monitored for 72 h after BAFF blockade. The effects of BAFF blockade on systemic and local inflammation, organ injuries, and intestinal barrier function were also evaluated 4 h after LPS treatment. BAFF production was systemically and locally elevated after LPS challenge. BAFF blockade improved the survival rate, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ injuries. Moreover, BAFF blockade attenuated both intestinal inflammation and impaired intestinal permeability. BAFF blockade upregulated ZO-1 and occludin protein levels via the NF-κB/MLCK/MLC signaling pathway. These results suggested that BAFF blockade protects against lethal endotoxemia at least partially by alleviating inflammation, multi-organ injuries, and improving intestinal barrier function and provides a novel focus for further research on sepsis and experimental evidence for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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The Mechanisms of Sijunzi Decoction in the Treatment of Chronic Gastritis Revealed by Network Pharmacology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8850259. [PMID: 33149755 PMCID: PMC7603597 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8850259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic gastritis is characterized by inflammation in the gastric mucosa with a vicious circle in inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators. Stomach adenocarcinoma would occur in the metaplastic gastric mucosa of chronic gastritis. Sijunzi decoction is a famous classical formula for the treatment of chronic gastritis. Although previous studies revealed some functions of Sijunzi decoction in treating chronic gastritis, the underlying mechanisms have not been illustrated clearly. In this study, we used network pharmacology to investigate the mechanism of Sijunzi decoction in treating chronic gastritis. Firstly, online datasets TCMSP, SWISS, and DisGeNET were used to investigate the functional mechanism of Sijunzi decoction against chronic gastritis and 18 genes were identified as targets of Sijunzi decoction in chronic gastritis. These 18 genes can be categorized into immunologically related genes and cancer-related genes. GO analysis showed that the 18 target genes were mainly enriched in angiogenesis, nitric oxide biosynthetic process, ERK1 and ERK2 cascade, cellular response to drug, and MAPK cascade. So, Sijunzi decoction alleviated chronic gastritis by inhibiting the local inflammatory response. Furthermore, we also investigated the impact of Sijunzi decoction on the peripheral blood leukocytes with our own RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of 11 chronic superficial gastritis patients. 102 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing RNA-seq data of chronic superficial gastritis patients with healthy control groups. After performing a functional analysis on 102 DEGs and Sijunzi decoction potential targets and taking the intersection of these pathways, we found that platelet activation, angiogenesis, and pathways in cancer were candidate target pathways regulated by Sijunzi decoction. Thus, Sijunzi decoction also alleviates chronic gastritis by suppressing inflammatory response of peripheral blood leukocytes. Our results showed that Sijunzi decoction can ameliorate the local gastric inflammation and inflammations in peripheral blood leukocytes and might also reduce the incidence of stomach cancer in chronic gastritis.
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13
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Im J, Baik JE, Lee D, Park OJ, Park DH, Yun CH, Han SH. Bacterial Lipoproteins Induce BAFF Production via TLR2/MyD88/JNK Signaling Pathways in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:564699. [PMID: 33123136 PMCID: PMC7566273 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.564699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a crucial role in survival, differentiation, and antibody secretion of B cells. Microbial products with B-cell mitogenic properties can indirectly promote expansion and activation of B cells by stimulating accessory cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), to induce BAFF. Although bacterial lipoproteins are potent B-cell mitogen like lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), it is uncertain whether they can stimulate DCs to induce BAFF expression. Here, we evaluated the effect of bacterial lipoproteins on BAFF expression in mouse bone marrow-derived DCs. Lipoprotein-deficient Staphylococcus aureus mutant induced relatively low expression level of membrane-bound BAFF (mBAFF) and the mRNA compared with its wild-type strain, implying that bacterial lipoproteins can positively regulate BAFF induction. The synthetic lipopeptides Pam2CSK4 and Pam3CSK4, which mimic bacterial lipoproteins, dose-dependently induced BAFF expression, and their BAFF-inducing capacities were comparable to those of LPS in DCs. Induction of BAFF by the lipopeptide was higher than the induction by other microbe-associated molecular patterns, including peptidoglycan, flagellin, zymosan, lipoteichoic acid, and poly(I:C). Pam3CSK4 induced both mBAFF and soluble BAFF expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. BAFF expression by Pam3CSK4 was completely absent in DCs from TLR2- or MyD88-deficient mice. Among various MAP kinase inhibitors, only JNK inhibitors blocked Pam3CSK4-induced BAFF mRNA expression, while inhibitors blocking ERK or p38 kinase had no such effect. Furthermore, Pam3CSK4 increased the DNA-binding activities of NF-κB and Sp1, but not that of C/EBP. Pam3CSK4-induced BAFF promoter activity via TLR2/1 was blocked by NF-κB or Sp1 inhibitor. Collectively, these results suggest that bacterial lipoproteins induce expression of BAFF through TLR2/MyD88/JNK signaling pathways leading to NF-κB and Sp1 activation in DCs, and BAFF derived from bacterial lipoprotein-stimulated DCs induces B-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Baik
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Chonwerawong M, Ferrand J, Chaudhry HM, Higgins C, Tran LS, Lim SS, Walker MM, Bhathal PS, Dev A, Moore GT, Sievert W, Jenkins BJ, D'Elios MM, Philpott DJ, Kufer TA, Ferrero RL. Innate Immune Molecule NLRC5 Protects Mice From Helicobacter-induced Formation of Gastric Lymphoid Tissue. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:169-182.e8. [PMID: 32169428 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori induces strong inflammatory responses that are directed at clearing the infection, but if not controlled, these responses can be harmful to the host. We investigated the immune-regulatory effects of the innate immune molecule, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR) family CARD domain-containing 5 (NLRC5), in patients and mice with Helicobacter infection. METHODS We obtained gastric biopsies from 30 patients in Australia. We performed studies with mice that lack NLRC5 in the myeloid linage (Nlrc5møKO) and mice without Nlrc5 gene disruption (controls). Some mice were gavaged with H pylori SS1 or Helicobacter felis; 3 months later, stomachs, spleens, and sera were collected, along with macrophages derived from bone marrow. Human and mouse gastric tissues and mouse macrophages were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. THP-1 cells (human macrophages, controls) and NLRC5-/- THP-1 cells (generated by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing) were incubated with Helicobacter and gene expression and production of cytokines were analyzed. RESULTS Levels of NLRC5 messenger RNA were significantly increased in gastric tissues from patients with H pylori infection, compared with patients without infection (P < .01), and correlated with gastritis severity (P < .05). H pylori bacteria induced significantly higher levels of chemokine and cytokine production by NLRC5-/- THP-1 macrophages than by control THP-1 cells (P < .05). After 3 months of infection with H felis, Nlrc5mø-KO mice developed gastric hyperplasia (P < .0001), splenomegaly (P < .0001), and increased serum antibody titers (P < .01), whereas control mice did not. Nlrc5mø-KO mice with chronic H felis infection had increased numbers of gastric B-cell follicles expressing CD19 (P < .0001); these follicles had features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. We identified B-cell-activating factor as a protein that promoted B-cell hyperproliferation in Nlrc5mø-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS NLRC5 is a negative regulator of gastric inflammation and mucosal lymphoid formation in response to Helicobacter infection. Aberrant NLRC5 signaling in macrophages can promote B-cell lymphomagenesis during chronic Helicobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ferrand
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hassan Mohammad Chaudhry
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chloe Higgins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Le Son Tran
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - San Sui Lim
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prithi S Bhathal
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anouk Dev
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory T Moore
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario M D'Elios
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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15
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Codolo G, Toffoletto M, Chemello F, Coletta S, Soler Teixidor G, Battaggia G, Munari G, Fassan M, Cagnin S, de Bernard M. Helicobacter pylori Dampens HLA-II Expression on Macrophages via the Up-Regulation of miRNAs Targeting CIITA. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2923. [PMID: 31969878 PMCID: PMC6960189 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have a major role in infectious and inflammatory diseases, and the available data suggest that Helicobacter pylori persistence can be explained in part by the failure of the bacterium to be killed by professional phagocytes. Macrophages are cells ready to kill the engulfed pathogen, through oxygen-dependent and -independent mechanisms; however, their killing potential can be further augmented by the intervention of T helper (Th) cells upon the specific recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-II–peptide complexes on the surface of the phagocytic cells. As it pertains to H. pylori, the bacterium is engulfed by macrophages, but it interferes with the phagosome maturation process leading to phagosomes with an altered degradative capacity, and to megasomes, wherein H. pylori resists killing. We recently showed that macrophages infected with H. pylori strongly reduce the expression of HLA-II molecules on the plasma membrane and this compromises the bacterial antigen presentation to Th lymphocytes. In this work, we demonstrate that H. pylori hampers HLA-II expression in macrophages, activated or non-activated by IFN-γ, by down-regulating the expression of the class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIITA), the “master control factor” for the expression of HLA class II genes. We provided evidence that this effect relies on the up-regulation of let-7f-5p, let-7i-5p, miR-146b-5p, and -185-5p targeting CIITA. MiRNA expression analysis performed on biopsies from H. pylori-infected patients confirmed the up-regulation of let-7i-5p, miR-146b-5p, and -185-5p in gastritis, in pre-invasive lesions, and in gastric cancer. Taken together, our results suggest that specific miRNAs may be directly involved in the H. pylori infection persistence and may contribute to confer the risk of developing gastric neoplasia in infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Codolo
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Chemello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sara Coletta
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Giada Munari
- Istituto Oncologico Veneto (IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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16
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Xie C, Quan R, Wang L, Chen C, Yan W, Fu Y. Diagnostic value of fecal B cell activating factor in patients with abdominal discomfort. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 198:131-140. [PMID: 31314927 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal calprotectin has successfully been widely recommended as a sensitive biomarker of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Recently, we have identified an excellent new fecal biomarker, B cell activating factor (BAFF), as being as effective as fecal calprotectin for diagnosing intestinal inflammation. In this study, a total of 230 patients with abdominal discomfort were prospectively enrolled and fecal samples were collected within 24 h before the endoscopic examinations. We show that fecal BAFF levels were significantly higher in patients with ulcerative colitis (median = 1549 pg/g, P < 0·0001), Crohn's disease (median = 735 pg/g, P < 0·0001), gastric cancer (median = 267 pg/g, P < 0·0001) and colorectal cancer (median = 533 pg/g, P < 0·0001) than those in healthy groups (median = 61 pg/g), while the values of which in patients with gastric polyps, colorectal polyps, esophagitis/gastritis/duodenitis and peptic ulcer were in the range of healthy individuals (P > 0·05). An optimal cut-off value at 219·5 pg/g of fecal BAFF produced sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values of 85, 91, 84 and 92%, respectively, for IBD or carcinoma. Our results therefore indicate a potential role for fecal BAFF as a sensitive screening parameter for IBD and gastrointestinal carcinoma, as well a useful tool to select patients with abdominal discomfort for further endoscopic examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - R Quan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - L Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - W Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Fu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Benschop RJ, Chow CK, Tian Y, Nelson J, Barmettler B, Atwell S, Clawson D, Chai Q, Jones B, Fitchett J, Torgerson S, Ji Y, Bina H, Hu N, Ghanem M, Manetta J, Wroblewski VJ, Lu J, Allan BW. Development of tibulizumab, a tetravalent bispecific antibody targeting BAFF and IL-17A for the treatment of autoimmune disease. MAbs 2019; 11:1175-1190. [PMID: 31181988 PMCID: PMC6748573 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1624463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a bispecific dual-antagonist antibody against human B cell activating factor (BAFF) and interleukin 17A (IL-17). An anti-IL-17 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) derived from ixekizumab (Taltz®) was fused via a glycine-rich linker to anti-BAFF tabalumab. The IgG-scFv bound both BAFF and IL-17 simultaneously with identical stoichiometry as the parental mAbs. Stability studies of the initial IgG-scFv revealed chemical degradation and aggregation not observed in either parental antibody. The anti-IL-17 scFv showed a high melting temperature (Tm) by differential scanning calorimetry (73.1°C), but also concentration-dependent, initially reversible, protein self-association. To engineer scFv stability, three parallel approaches were taken: labile complementary-determining region (CDR) residues were replaced by stable, affinity-neutral amino acids, CDR charge distribution was balanced, and a H44-L100 interface disulfide bond was introduced. The Tm of the disulfide-stabilized scFv was largely unperturbed, yet it remained monodispersed at high protein concentration. Fluorescent dye binding titrations indicated reduced solvent exposure of hydrophobic residues and decreased proteolytic susceptibility was observed, both indicative of enhanced conformational stability. Superimposition of the H44-L100 scFv (PDB id: 6NOU) and ixekizumab antigen-binding fragment (PDB id: 6NOV) crystal structures revealed nearly identical orientation of the frameworks and CDR loops. The stabilized bispecific molecule LY3090106 (tibulizumab) potently antagonized both BAFF and IL-17 in cell-based and in vivo mouse models. In cynomolgus monkey, it suppressed B cell development and survival and remained functionally intact in circulation, with a prolonged half-life. In summary, we engineered a potent bispecific antibody targeting two key cytokines involved in human autoimmunity amenable to clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Benschop
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chi-Kin Chow
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yu Tian
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - James Nelson
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Applied Molecular Evolution, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Barbra Barmettler
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Applied Molecular Evolution, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shane Atwell
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Applied Molecular Evolution, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David Clawson
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Qing Chai
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Applied Molecular Evolution, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Jones
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Applied Molecular Evolution, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jon Fitchett
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Applied Molecular Evolution, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stacy Torgerson
- Department of Drug Disposition Development/Commercialization; Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Holly Bina
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ningjie Hu
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Joseph Manetta
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victor J. Wroblewski
- Department of Drug Disposition Development/Commercialization; Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jirong Lu
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Barrett W. Allan
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Applied Molecular Evolution, Eli Lilly and Company, San Diego, CA, USA
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18
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Ryu G, Kim DK, Dhong HJ, Eun KM, Lee KE, Kong IG, Kim H, Chung SK, Kim DY, Rhee CS, Cho SH, Hong SD, Kim DW. Immunological Characteristics in Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps Undergoing Revision Surgeries. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:664-676. [PMID: 31332978 PMCID: PMC6658403 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.5.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Despite medical and surgical treatments, some cases of nasal polyps (NP) exhibit recidivism. However, the endotype of refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with NP (CRSwNP) remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the immunological profile of refractory CRSwNP. Methods The control (n =23), primary NP group (pNP, n =70) and refractory NP group (rNP, n =86) were enrolled in this study. Patients who underwent revision surgeries due to failed maximal medical treatment after primary surgery were defined as the rNP group. A total of 18 inflammatory markers were investigated in nasal tissues using multiplex cytokine assay or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The clinical characteristics of rNP included more extensive disease and worse clinical course after surgery. Additionally, rNP subjects showed higher infection rate (mucopurulence and culture-positive rate), more frequent use of antibiotics and suffered from symptomatic bacterial infection, increased asthma morbidity compared to pNP. Cytokine profile analysis showed that levels of Th17-associated mediators (myeloperoxidase, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-17A and IL-23), B-cell activating factor (BAFF) and Th1 cytokine (interferon-γ) were up-regulated in rNP compared to controls and pNP. Human neutrophil elastase-positive cells were also enhanced in rNP compared with pNP. Upregulation of Th17/Th1mediators and BAFF were observed in rNP, regardless of tissue eosinophilia or asthmatic comorbidity. Interestingly, eosinophilic markers, such as eosinophil cationic protein and C-C motif chemokine ligand 24, were up-regulated in asthmatic rNP compared to pNP and controls. Levels of anti-dsDNA immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA were up-regulated in rNP and highest in asthmatic eosinophilic rNP among subtypes of rNP. Conclusions Our results suggest that Th17/Th1-associated mediators and BAFF may play a role and be a potential therapeutic target in refractory CRSwNP. Additionally, eosinophilic markers and autoantibodies may contribute to refractoriness in asthmatic rNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwanghui Ryu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Institute of New Frontier Research, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hun Jong Dhong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Gyu Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Pyongchon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - HyoYeol Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Kyu Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae Seo Rhee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sang Duk Hong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Reyes VE, Peniche AG. Helicobacter pylori Deregulates T and B Cell Signaling to Trigger Immune Evasion. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:229-265. [PMID: 31123892 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a prevalent human pathogen that successfully establishes chronic infection, which leads to clinically significant gastric diseases including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease (PUD), and gastric cancer (GC). H. pylori is able to produce a persistent infection due in large part to its ability to hijack the host immune response. The host adaptive immune response is activated to strategically and specifically attack pathogens and normally clears them from the infected host. Since B and T lymphocytes are central mediators of adaptive immunity, in this chapter we review their development and the fundamental mechanisms regulating their activation in order to understand how some of the normal processes are subverted by H. pylori. In this review, we place particular emphasis on the CD4+ T cell responses, their subtypes, and regulatory mechanisms because of the expanding literature in this area related to H. pylori. T lymphocyte differentiation and function are finely orchestrated through a series of cell-cell interactions, which include immune checkpoint receptors. Among the immune checkpoint receptor family, there are some with inhibitory properties that are exploited by tumor cells to facilitate their immune evasion. Gastric epithelial cells (GECs), which act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the gastric mucosa, are induced by H. pylori to express immune checkpoint receptors known to sway T lymphocyte function and thus circumvent effective T effector lymphocyte responses. This chapter reviews these and other mechanisms used by H. pylori to interfere with host immunity in order to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor E Reyes
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Alex G Peniche
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
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20
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Mechanisms of Inflammasome Signaling, microRNA Induction and Resolution of Inflammation by Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:267-302. [PMID: 31123893 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome-controlled transcription and subsequent cleavage-mediated activation of mature IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines exemplify a crucial innate immune mechanism to combat intruding pathogens. Helicobacter pylori represents a predominant persistent infection in humans, affecting approximately half of the population worldwide, and is associated with the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Studies in knockout mice have demonstrated that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β plays a central role in gastric tumorigenesis. Infection by H. pylori was recently reported to stimulate the inflammasome both in cells of the mouse and human immune systems. Using mouse models and in vitro cultured cell systems, the bacterial pathogenicity factors and molecular mechanisms of inflammasome activation have been analyzed. On the one hand, it appears that H. pylori-stimulated IL-1β production is triggered by engagement of the immune receptors TLR2 and NLRP3, and caspase-1. On the other hand, microRNA hsa-miR-223-3p is induced by the bacteria, which controls the expression of NLRP3. This regulating effect by H. pylori on microRNA expression was also described for more than 60 additionally identified microRNAs, indicating a prominent role for inflammatory and other responses. Besides TLR2, TLR9 becomes activated by H. pylori DNA and further TLR10 stimulated by the bacteria induce the secretion of IL-8 and TNF, respectively. Interestingly, TLR-dependent pathways can accelerate both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses during H. pylori infection. Balancing from a pro-inflammation to anti-inflammation phenotype results in a reduction in immune attack, allowing H. pylori to persistently colonize and to survive in the gastric niche. In this chapter, we will pinpoint the role of H. pylori in TLR- and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent signaling together with the differential functions of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the impact of microRNAs on H. pylori-host interaction will be discussed, and its role in resolution of infection versus chronic infection, as well as in gastric disease development.
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21
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Zhang X, Liu CJ. Immune response and immune escape mechanism in Helicobacter pylori infection. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1832-1842. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i31.1832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative bacterium which is parasitic on the surface of the gastric mucosa, and it is a causative agent in the development of chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and lymphoid tissue lymphoma associated with the gastric mucosa. After H. pylori infection, the bacterium is first recognized by the pattern recognition receptors of immune cells, which in turn causes the innate immune and adaptive immune responses, but these responses are usually insufficient to eliminate bacterial infections. H. pylori can evade the identification and clearance by the immune system by modifying and attenuating the immunogenicity of its pathogen-associated molecular patterns, regulating the immune responses of innate immune cells and T cells, and leading to persistent infection. A thorough understanding of the immune response and immune escape mechanism in H. pylori infection is of great significance for eliminating H. pylori infection and controlling the occurrence of H. pylori infection-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the Fourth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China,Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chun-Jie Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
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22
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Malfertheiner P, Selgrad M, Wex T, Romi B, Borgogni E, Spensieri F, Zedda L, Ruggiero P, Pancotto L, Censini S, Palla E, Kanesa-Thasan N, Scharschmidt B, Rappuoli R, Graham DY, Schiavetti F, Del Giudice G. Efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety of a parenteral vaccine against Helicobacter pylori in healthy volunteers challenged with a Cag-positive strain: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:698-707. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(18)30125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Pan YJ, Wang WH, Huang TY, Weng WH, Fang CK, Chen YC, Hwang JJ. Quetiapine ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in mice via the suppression of the AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:847-861. [PMID: 30109356 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1176-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN To investigate the amelioration effects of quetiapine on rheumatoid arthritis with RAW 264.7 macrophage and collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) DBA/1J mouse model. SUBJECTS RAW 264.7 macrophage and DBA/1J mice. TREATMENT Lipopolysaccharide and collagen. METHODS RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by quetiapine treatments were investigated. Activations of CD80 and CD86 were analyzed by flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA. Proteins involved in signaling pathways related to the formation of rheumatoid arthritis were assayed by Western blotting. Therapeutic efficacy of quetiapine in CIA mouse model was also assayed. 18F-FDG/micro-PET was used to monitor the inflammation status in the joints, and the severity of bone erosion was evaluated with micro-CT and H&E staining. RESULTS The inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines by quetiapine was found through the ERK and AKT phosphorylation and subsequent NF-κB and CREB signaling pathways. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17, IL-6 and IL-1β were decreased, while immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-β and IL-10 were increased in CIA mice treated with quetiapine. Notably, no uptake of 18F-FDG and bone erosion was found with micro-PET images on days 32 and 43 in the quetiapine-treated and normal control groups. However, significant uptake of 18F-FDG could be observed in the CIA group during the same time course. Similar results were further verified with ex vivo autoradiography. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that quetiapine is a potential anti-inflammatory drug, and may be used as an adjuvant for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Pan
- Department of Psychiatry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banciao, New Taipei City, 220, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsun Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiology, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kao-hsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yao Huang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Weng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Fang
- Department of Psychiatry and Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, No. 155, Sec.2, Li-Nong Street, Bei-tou, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Koo Foundation Sun Yat-Sen Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jong Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Biophotonics and Molecular Imaging Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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24
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Wu X, Li X, Dang Z, Jia Y. Berberine demonstrates anti‐inflammatory properties in
Helicobacter pylori
‐infected mice with chronic gastritis by attenuating the Th17 response triggered by the B cell‐activating factor. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:5373-5381. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxia Wu
- Department of Liver Spleen and StomachHenan Province Hospital of TCMZhengzhouChina
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Liver Spleen and StomachHenan Province Hospital of TCMZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhongqin Dang
- Department of Liver Spleen and StomachHenan Province Hospital of TCMZhengzhouChina
| | - Yunfei Jia
- Department of Liver Spleen and StomachHenan Province Hospital of TCMZhengzhouChina
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25
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Jafarzadeh A, Larussa T, Nemati M, Jalapour S. T cell subsets play an important role in the determination of the clinical outcome of Helicobacter pylori infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 116:227-236. [PMID: 29407232 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most prevalent human pathogen and a persistent infection with this bacterium causes common pathologies, such as gastritis or peptic ulcers, and also less common but more serious pathologies, such as gastric cancer or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The clinical outcome of gastrointestinal infection sustained by H. pylori is determined by the reciprocal interactions between virulence factors of the bacterium and host factors, including immune response genes. Although H. pylori induces a strong immune response, the bacterium is not eliminated. The eradication failure could be attributed to the bacterial capability to regulate helper T (Th) cell-related responses. H. pylori specific CD4+ T cells play a fundamental role in regulating host immunity and immunopathologic events. It has been documented that Th1, Th2, Th9, Th17, Th22 and T regulatory (Treg) cells, separately or in coordination with each other, can affect the outcome of the infection sustained by of H. pylori. Some studies indicated that both Th1 and Th17 cells may be protective or pathogenic, whereas Treg and Th2 cells perform anti-inflammatory impacts during H. pylori infection. This review gathers recent information regarding the association of the CD4+ T cells-mediated immunological responses and the clinical consequence of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Tiziana Larussa
- Department of Health Science, University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia", 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Para-Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shila Jalapour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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26
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Chamoun MN, Blumenthal A, Sullivan MJ, Schembri MA, Ulett GC. Bacterial pathogenesis and interleukin-17: interconnecting mechanisms of immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence that influence severity of infection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2018; 44:465-486. [PMID: 29345518 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2018.1426556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the control of many different disorders, including autoimmune, oncogenic, and diverse infectious diseases. In the context of infectious diseases, IL-17 protects the host against various classes of microorganisms but, intriguingly, can also exacerbate the severity of some infections. The regulation of IL-17 expression stems, in part, from the activity of Interleukin-23 (IL-23), which drives the maturation of different classes of IL-17-producing cells that can alter the course of infection. In this review, we analyze IL-17/IL-23 signalling in bacterial infection, and examine the interconnecting mechanisms that link immune regulation, host genetics, and microbial virulence in the context of bacterial pathogenesis. We consider the roles of IL-17 in both acute and chronic bacterial infections, with a focus on mouse models of human bacterial disease that involve infection of mucosal surfaces in the lungs, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts. Polymorphisms in IL-17-encoding genes in humans, which have been associated with heightened host susceptibility to some bacterial pathogens, are discussed. Finally, we examine the implications of IL-17 biology in infectious diseases for the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeted at preventing bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Chamoun
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- b The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Matthew J Sullivan
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
| | - Mark A Schembri
- c School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Glen C Ulett
- a School of Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Southport , Australia
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27
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Adamsson J, Ottsjö LS, Lundin SB, Svennerholm AM, Raghavan S. Gastric expression of IL-17A and IFNγ in Helicobacter pylori infected individuals is related to symptoms. Cytokine 2017; 99:30-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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28
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The Human Stomach in Health and Disease: Infection Strategies by Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2017; 400:1-26. [PMID: 28124147 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50520-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a bacterial pathogen which commonly colonizes the human gastric mucosa from early childhood and persists throughout life. In the vast majority of cases, the infection is asymptomatic. H. pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer, however, and these outcomes occur in 10-15% of those infected. Gastric adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer-associated death, and peptic ulcer disease is a significant cause of morbidity. Disease risk is related to the interplay of numerous bacterial host and environmental factors, many of which influence chronic inflammation and damage to the gastric mucosa. This chapter summarizes what is known about health and disease in H. pylori infection, and highlights the need for additional research in this area.
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29
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Mourik BC, Lubberts E, de Steenwinkel JEM, Ottenhoff THM, Leenen PJM. Interactions between Type 1 Interferons and the Th17 Response in Tuberculosis: Lessons Learned from Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:294. [PMID: 28424682 PMCID: PMC5380685 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The classical paradigm of tuberculosis (TB) immunity, with a central protective role for Th1 responses and IFN-γ-stimulated cellular responses, has been challenged by unsatisfactory results of vaccine strategies aimed at enhancing Th1 immunity. Moreover, preclinical TB models have shown that increasing IFN-γ responses in the lungs is more damaging to the host than to the pathogen. Type 1 interferon signaling and altered Th17 responses have also been associated with active TB, but their functional roles in TB pathogenesis remain to be established. These two host responses have been studied in more detail in autoimmune diseases (AID) and show functional interactions that are of potential interest in TB immunity. In this review, we first identify the role of type 1 interferons and Th17 immunity in TB, followed by an overview of interactions between these responses observed in systemic AID. We discuss (i) the effects of GM-CSF-secreting Th17.1 cells and type 1 interferons on CCR2+ monocytes; (ii) convergence of IL-17 and type 1 interferon signaling on stimulating B-cell activating factor production and the central role of neutrophils in this process; and (iii) synergy between IL-17 and type 1 interferons in the generation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures and the associated follicular helper T-cell responses. Evaluation of these autoimmune-related pathways in TB pathogenesis provides a new perspective on recent developments in TB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas C Mourik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jurriaan E M de Steenwinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J M Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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30
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Lim SG, Kim JK, Suk K, Lee WH. Crosstalk between signals initiated from TLR4 and cell surface BAFF results in synergistic induction of proinflammatory mediators in THP-1 cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45826. [PMID: 28374824 PMCID: PMC5379196 DOI: 10.1038/srep45826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular response to stimulation is mediated by meshwork of signaling pathways that may share common signaling adaptors. Here, we present data demonstrating that signaling pathways initiated from the membrane-bound form of B-cell activating factor (BAFF) can crosstalk with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced signaling for synergistic expression of proinflammatory mediators in the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1. Co-treatment of the cells with BAFF-specific monoclonal antibody and LPS resulted in enhanced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase (MSK)-mediated phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) p65 subunit (Ser276), which then interacts with CREB binding protein (CBP) for subsequent acetylation. Simultaneously, the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) was enhanced through the combined action of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and MAPK/MSK pathways, and the resulting phospho-CREB interacted with the NF-κB/CBP complex. Transfection of CREB-specific siRNA inhibited the BAFF-mediated enhancing effect indicating that the formation of the CREB/NF-κB/CBP complex is required for the synergistic induction of the proinflammatory genes. These findings indicate that BAFF-mediated reverse signaling can modulate LPS-induced inflammatory activation through regulation of NF-κB and CREB activity and point out the necessity to re-evaluate the role of BAFF in diseases where its expression is high in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Geun Lim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Brain Science &Engineering Institute, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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31
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Kang S, Fedoriw Y, Brenneman EK, Truong YK, Kikly K, Vilen BJ. BAFF Induces Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Positions T Cells within the Glomeruli during Lupus Nephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:2602-2611. [PMID: 28235864 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-specific immune responses play an important role in the pathology of autoimmune diseases. In systemic lupus erythematosus, deposits of IgG-immune complexes and the activation of complement in the kidney have long been thought to promote inflammation and lupus nephritis. However, the events that localize cells in non-lymphoid tertiary organs and sustain tissue-specific immune responses remain undefined. In this manuscript, we show that BAFF promotes events leading to lupus nephritis. Using an inducible model of systemic lupus erythematosus, we found that passive transfer of antinucleosome IgG into AID-/-MRL/lpr mice elevated autoantibody levels and promoted lupus nephritis by inducing BAFF production in the kidneys, and the formation of renal tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs). Reducing BAFF in vivo prevented the formation of TLSs and lupus nephritis; however, it did not reduce immune cell infiltrates, or the deposits of IgG and complement in the kidney. Mechanistically, lowering BAFF levels also diminished the number of T cells positioned inside the glomeruli and reduced inflammation. Thus, BAFF plays a previously unappreciated role in lupus nephritis by inducing renal TLSs and regulating the position of T cells within the glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunAh Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ethan K Brenneman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Young K Truong
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; and
| | | | - Barbara J Vilen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
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32
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Uzzan M, Colombel JF, Cerutti A, Treton X, Mehandru S. B Cell-Activating Factor (BAFF)-Targeted B Cell Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:3407-3424. [PMID: 27655102 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4317-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) involve dysregulated immune responses to gut antigens in genetically predisposed individuals. While a better elucidation of IBD pathophysiology has considerably increased the number of treatment options, the need for more effective therapeutic strategies remains a pressing priority. Defects of both non-hematopoietic (epithelial and stromal) and hematopoietic (lymphoid and myeloid) cells have been described in patients with IBD. Within the lymphoid system, alterations of the T cell compartment are viewed as essential in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, growing evidence points to the additional perturbations of the B cell compartment. Indeed, the intestinal lamina propria from IBD patients shows an increased presence of antibody-secreting plasma cells, which correlates with enhanced pro-inflammatory immunoglobulin G production and changes in the quality of non-inflammatory IgA responses. These B cell abnormalities are compounded by the emergence of systemic antibody responses to various autologous and microbial antigens, which predates the clinical diagnosis of IBD and identifies patients with complicated disease. It is presently unclear whether such antibody responses play a pathogenetic role, as B cell depletion with the CD20-targeting monoclonal antibody rituximab did not ameliorate ulcerative colitis in a clinical trial. However, it must be noted that unresponsiveness to rituximab is also observed also in some patients with autoimmune disorders usually responsive to B cell-depleting therapies. In this review, we discussed mechanistic aspects of B cell-based therapies and their potential role in IBD with a special interest on BAFF and BAFF-targeting therapies buoyed by the success of anti-BAFF treatments in rheumatologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Uzzan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Susan and Leonard Feinstein IBD Clinical Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xavier Treton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beaujon Hospital, APHP, Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Kosai NR, Mohamed Taher M, Mohamed Rose I. Surface Antigen Profiling of Helicobacter pylori-Infected and -Uninfected Gastric Cancer Cells Using Antibody Microarray. Helicobacter 2016; 21:417-27. [PMID: 26807555 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive immunophenotyping cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma, specifically between Helicobacter pylori-infected and -uninfected gastric cancer patients by using DotScan(™) antibody microarray has not been conducted. Current immunophenotyping techniques include flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry are limited to the use of few antibodies for parallel examination. We used DotScan(™) antibody microarray consisting 144 CD antibodies to determine the distribution of CD antigens in gastric adenocarcinoma cells and to elucidate the effect of H. pylori infection toward CD antigen expression in gastric cancer. METHODS Mixed leukocytes population derived from gastric adenocarcinoma patients were immunophenotyped using DotScan(™) antibody microarray. AGS cells were infected with H. pylori strains and cells were captured on DotScan(™) slides. RESULTS Cluster of differentiation antigens involved in perpetuating the tolerance of immune cells to tumor cells was upregulated in gastric adenocarcinoma cells compared to normal cells. CD279 which is essential in T cells apoptosis was found to be upregulated in normal cells. Remarkably, H. pylori-infected gastric cancer patients exhibited upregulated expression of CD27 that important in maintenance of T cells. Infection of cagA+ H. pylori with AGS cells increased CD antigens expression which involved in cancer stem cell while cagA- H. pylori polarized AGS cells to express immune-regulatory CD antigens. Increased CD antigens expression in AGS cells infected with cagA+ H. pylori were also detected in H. pylori-infected gastric cancer patients. CONCLUSION This study suggests the tolerance of immune system toward tumor cells in gastric cancer and distinct mechanisms of immune responses exploited by different H. pylori strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Sukri
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alfizah Hanafiah
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nik Ritza Kosai
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Mohamed Taher
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Isa Mohamed Rose
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Floch P, Laur AM, Korolik V, Chrisment D, Cappellen D, Idrissi Y, Dubus P, Mégraud F, Lehours P. Characterisation of inflammatory processes in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric lymphomagenesis in a mouse model. Oncotarget 2016; 6:34525-36. [PMID: 26439692 PMCID: PMC4741470 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) can be induced by Helicobacter pylori infection in BALB/c mice thymectomised at day 3 post-birth (d3Tx). This represented a unique opportunity to investigate the inflammatory process involved in the recruitment, proliferation and structuration of lymphoid infiltrates in the gastric mucosa of mice developing GML. Complementary molecular and proteomic approaches demonstrated that Th1 and Th2 cytokines were upregulated, along with activators/regulators of the lymphoid response and numerous chemokines. Interleukin-4, interferon γ, lymphotoxin-α and -β were significantly upregulated and correlated with the inflammatory scores for all the d3Tx mice. GML lesions in d3Tx mice infected with H. pylori were associated with the presence of the inflammatory response. The dysregulation of numerous members of the tumour necrosis factor superfamily was also evident and suggests that they could play an important role in GML pathology, especially in light of their ability to promote and control lymphocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Floch
- University of Bordeaux, Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm U853, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Marine Laur
- University of Bordeaux, Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm U853, Bordeaux, France
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Delphine Chrisment
- University of Bordeaux, Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm U853, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | - Francis Mégraud
- University of Bordeaux, Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm U853, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Lehours
- University of Bordeaux, Bacteriology Laboratory, Bordeaux, France.,Inserm U853, Bordeaux, France
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35
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Liu C, Zhang Z, Zhu M. Immune Responses Mediated by Th17 Cells in Helicobacter pylori Infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1159/000446317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Russo E, Taddei A, Ringressi MN, Ricci F, Amedei A. The interplay between the microbiome and the adaptive immune response in cancer development. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2016; 9:594-605. [PMID: 27366226 PMCID: PMC4913328 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x16635082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The data from different studies suggest a bacterial role in cancer genesis/progression, often modulating the local immune response. This is particularly so at the mucosal level where the bacterial presence is strong and the immune system is highly reactive. The epithelial surfaces of the body, such as the skin and mucosa, are colonized by a vast number of microorganisms, which represent the so-called normal microbiome. Normally the microbiome does not cause a proinflammatory response because the immune system has developed different strategies for the tolerance of commensal bacteria, but when these mechanisms are impaired or new pathogenic bacteria are introduced into this balanced system, the immune system reacts to the microbiome and can trigger tumor growth in the intestine. In this review, we discuss the potential role of the bacterial microbiome in carcinogenesis, focusing on the direct and indirect immune adaptive mechanisms, that the bacteria can modulate in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Taddei
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (DCMT), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Ringressi
- Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine (DCMT), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine – Section of Internal Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy
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Gomez AM, Ouellet M, Deshiere A, Breton Y, Tremblay MJ. HIV-1-Mediated BAFF Secretion in Macrophages Does Not Require Endosomal TLRs, Type-I IFN, and Nef, but Depends on the Cellular Phenotype Status. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3806-17. [PMID: 27022194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is characterized by persistent viral replication, chronic immune activation, and CD4(+) T cell depletion. Moreover, several immune dysfunctions are observed in cells that are not targeted by the virus, such as B cells. Some B cell abnormalities include hypergammaglobulinemia, nonspecific B cell activation, class switching, increased cell turnover, breakage of tolerance, and a loss of the capacity to generate and maintain memory. Several cytokines and growth factors that are increased in the serum of HIV-1-infected individuals have been suggested to directly or indirectly trigger B cell activation, and one of these is BAFF. In this study, we investigate the ability of fully competent (R5-tropic) HIV-1 to induce BAFF production by monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). We demonstrate here that HIV-1 drives BAFF production in MDMs in a type-I IFN- and TLR-independent manner. Moreover, we determine that HIV-1 Nef accessory protein is dispensable in BAFF upregulation as a nef-deleted HIV-1 strain is still able to increase BAFF at levels similar to the wild type strain. Finally, we show that the macrophage phenotype status affects HIV-1 replication and BAFF induction, as both were abrogated in MDMs displaying a M1 phenotype. This study provides new useful information about the increased levels of BAFF observed during HIV-1 infection and highlights the importance of macrophages as a source of BAFF, a phenomenon that might contribute to B cell dysfunctions at inflammatory tissue sites in infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M Gomez
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Michel Ouellet
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Alexandre Deshiere
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Yann Breton
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and
| | - Michel J Tremblay
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada; and Département de Microbiologie-Infectiologie et Immunologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Gong Y, Tao L, Jing L, Liu D, Hu S, Liu W, Zhou N, Xie Y. Association of TLR4 and Treg in Helicobacter pylori Colonization and Inflammation in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149629. [PMID: 26901645 PMCID: PMC4762684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The host immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to clarify the immune pathogenic mechanism of Helicobacter pylori infection via TLR signaling and gastric mucosal Treg cells in mice. To discover the underlying mechanism, we selectively blocked the TLR signaling pathway and subpopulations of regulatory T cells in the gastric mucosa of mice, and examined the consequences on H. pylori infection and inflammatory response as measured by MyD88, NF-κB p65, and Foxp3 protein expression levels and the levels of Th1, Th17 and Th2 cytokines in the gastric mucosa. We determined that blocking TLR4 signaling in H. pylori infected mice decreased the numbers of Th1 and Th17 Treg cells compared to controls (P < 0.001-0.05), depressed the immune response as measured by inflammatory grade (P < 0.05), and enhanced H. pylori colonization (P < 0.05). In contrast, blocking CD25 had the opposite effects, wherein the Th1 and Th17 cell numbers were increased (P < 0.001-0.05), immune response was enhanced (P < 0.05), and H. pylori colonization was inhibited (P < 0.05) compared to the non-blocked group. In both blocked groups, the Th2 cytokine IL-4 remained unchanged, although IL-10 in the CD25 blocked group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MyD88, NF-κB p65, and Foxp3 in the non-blocked group were significantly lower than those in the TLR4 blocked group (P < 0.05), but significantly higher than those of the CD25 blocked group (P < 0.05). Together, these results suggest that there might be an interaction between TLR signaling and Treg cells that is important for limiting H. pylori colonization and suppressing the inflammatory response of infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liming Tao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Jing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongsheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nanjin Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science, Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (NZ)
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- * E-mail: (YX); (NZ)
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Tsai HF, Hsu PN. Modulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis by Helicobacter pylori in immune pathogenesis of gastric mucosal damage. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2016; 50:4-9. [PMID: 26947589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. Apoptosis induced by microbial infections is implicated in the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection. Enhanced gastric epithelial cell apoptosis during H. pylori infection was suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and gastric pathology. In addition to directly triggering apoptosis, H. pylori induces sensitivity to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells. Human gastric epithelial cells sensitized to H. pylori confer susceptibility to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via modulation of death-receptor signaling. The induction of TRAIL sensitivity by H. pylori is dependent upon the activation of caspase-8 and its downstream pathway. H. pylori induces caspase-8 activation via enhanced assembly of the TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex through downregulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein. Moreover, H. pylori infection induces infiltration of T lymphocytes and triggers inflammation to augment apoptosis. In H. pylori infection, significant increases in CCR6+ CD3+ T cell infiltration in the gastric mucosa was observed, and the CCR6 ligand, CCL20 chemokine, was selectively expressed in inflamed gastric tissues. These mechanisms initiate chemokine-mediated T lymphocyte trafficking into inflamed epithelium and induce mucosal injury during Helicobacter infection. This article will review recent findings on the interactions of H. pylori with host-epithelial signaling pathways and events involved in the initiation of gastric pathology, including gastric inflammation and mucosal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei-Fang Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ning Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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40
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Kronsteiner B, Bassaganya-Riera J, Philipson C, Viladomiu M, Carbo A, Abedi V, Hontecillas R. Systems-wide analyses of mucosal immune responses to Helicobacter pylori at the interface between pathogenicity and symbiosis. Gut Microbes 2016; 7:3-21. [PMID: 26939848 PMCID: PMC4856448 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2015.1116673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the dominant member of the gastric microbiota in over half of the human population of which 5-15% develop gastritis or gastric malignancies. Immune responses to H. pylori are characterized by mixed T helper cell, cytotoxic T cell and NK cell responses. The presence of Tregs is essential for the control of gastritis and together with regulatory CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes and immune-evasion strategies they enable life-long persistence of H. pylori. This H. pylori-induced regulatory environment might contribute to its cross-protective effect in inflammatory bowel disease and obesity. Here we review host-microbe interactions, the development of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses and how the latter contribute to H. pylori's role as beneficial member of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, we present the integration of existing and new data into a computational/mathematical model and its use for the investigation of immunological mechanisms underlying initiation, progression and outcomes of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kronsteiner
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Monica Viladomiu
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Vida Abedi
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Center for Modeling Immunity to Enteric Pathogens; Virginia Bioinformatics Institute; Virginia Tech; Blacksburg, VA, USA
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41
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Muglia CI, Papa Gobbi R, Smaldini P, Orsini Delgado ML, Candia M, Zanuzzi C, Sambuelli A, Rocca A, Toscano MA, Rabinovich GA, Docena GH. Inflammation Controls Sensitivity of Human and Mouse Intestinal Epithelial Cells to Galectin-1. J Cell Physiol 2015; 231:1575-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia I. Muglia
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Papa Gobbi
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - Paola Smaldini
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - María Lucía Orsini Delgado
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - Martín Candia
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
| | - Carolina Zanuzzi
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología; Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Universidad Nacional de La Plata; La Plata Argentina
| | - Alicia Sambuelli
- Servicio de Enfermedades Inflamatorias; Hospital de Gastroenterología Bonorino Udaondo; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Andrés Rocca
- Servicio de Enfermedades Inflamatorias; Hospital de Gastroenterología Bonorino Udaondo; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Marta A. Toscano
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Gabriel A. Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Inmunopatología; Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Buenos Aires Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Guillermo H. Docena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos-IIFP; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; Universidad Nacional de La Plata y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; La Plata Argentina
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Sica A, Erreni M, Allavena P, Porta C. Macrophage polarization in pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:4111-26. [PMID: 26210152 PMCID: PMC11113543 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are cells of the innate immunity constituting the mononuclear phagocyte system and endowed with remarkable different roles essential for defense mechanisms, development of tissues, and homeostasis. They derive from hematopoietic precursors and since the early steps of fetal life populate peripheral tissues, a process continuing throughout adult life. Although present essentially in every organ/tissue, macrophages are more abundant in the gastro-intestinal tract, liver, spleen, upper airways, and brain. They have phagocytic and bactericidal activity and produce inflammatory cytokines that are important to drive adaptive immune responses. Macrophage functions are settled in response to microenvironmental signals, which drive the acquisition of polarized programs, whose extremes are simplified in the M1 and M2 dichotomy. Functional skewing of monocyte/macrophage polarization occurs in physiological conditions (e.g., ontogenesis and pregnancy), as well as in pathology (allergic and chronic inflammation, tissue repair, infection, and cancer) and is now considered a key determinant of disease development and/or regression. Here, we will review evidence supporting a dynamic skewing of macrophage functions in disease, which may provide a basis for macrophage-centered therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sica
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy.
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Marco Erreni
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Paola Allavena
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Milan, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", via Bovio 6, Novara, Italy
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43
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Walduck A, Andersen LP, Raghavan S. Inflammation, Immunity, and Vaccines for Helicobacter pylori Infection. Helicobacter 2015; 20 Suppl 1:17-25. [PMID: 26372820 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the last year, a variety of studies have been published that increases our understanding of the basic mechanisms of immunity and inflammation in Helicobacter pylori infection and progression to gastric cancer. Innate immune regulation and epithelial cell response were covered by several studies that contribute with new insights in the host response to H. pylori infection. Also, the adaptive immune response to H. pylori and particularly the role of IL-22 have been addressed in some studies. These advances may improve vaccine development where new strategies have been published. Two major studies analyzed H. pylori genomes of 39 worldwide strains and looked at the protein profiles. In addition, multi-epitope vaccines for therapeutic use have been investigated. Studies on different adjuvants and delivery systems have also given us new insights. This review presents articles from the last year that reveal detailed insight into immunity and regulation of inflammation, the contribution of immune cells to the development of gastric cancer, and understanding mechanisms of vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walduck
- Health Innovations Research Institute, School of Applied Sciences RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Leif P Andersen
- Department of Infection Control, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sukanya Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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44
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White JR, Winter JA, Robinson K. Differential inflammatory response to Helicobacter pylori infection: etiology and clinical outcomes. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:137-47. [PMID: 26316793 PMCID: PMC4540215 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s64888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori commonly colonizes the human gastric mucosa during early childhood and persists throughout life. The organism has evolved multiple mechanisms for evading clearance by the immune system and, despite inducing inflammation in the stomach, the majority of infections are asymptomatic. H. pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. However, disease outcomes are related to the pattern and severity of chronic inflammation in the gastric mucosa, which in turn is influenced by both bacterial and host factors. Despite over 2 decades of intensive research, there remains an incomplete understanding of the circumstances leading to disease development, due to the fascinating complexity of the host-pathogen interactions. There is accumulating data concerning the virulence factors associated with increased risk of disease, and the majority of these have pro-inflammatory activities. Despite this, only a small proportion of those infected with virulent strains develop disease. Several H. pylori virulence factors have multiple effects on different cell types, including the induction of pro- and anti-inflammatory, immune stimulatory, and immune modulatory responses. The expression of multiple virulence factors is also often linked, making it difficult to assess the meaning of their effects in isolation. Overall, H. pylori is thought to usually modulate inflammation and limit acute damage to the mucosa, enabling the bacteria to persist. If this delicate balance is disturbed, disease may then develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Richard White
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jody Anne Winter
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Karen Robinson
- NIHR Biomedical Research Unit in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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45
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Yong X, Tang B, Li BS, Xie R, Hu CJ, Luo G, Qin Y, Dong H, Yang SM. Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA promotes tumorigenesis of gastric cancer via multiple signaling pathways. Cell Commun Signal 2015; 13:30. [PMID: 26160167 PMCID: PMC4702319 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-015-0111-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is strongly associated with the development of gastric diseases but also with several extragastric diseases. The clinical outcomes caused by H. pylori infection are considered to be associated with a complex combination of host susceptibility, environmental factors and bacterial isolates. Infections involving H. pylori strains that possess the virulence factor CagA have a worse clinical outcome than those involving CagA-negative strains. It is remarkable that CagA-positive H. pylori increase the risk for gastric cancer over the risk associated with H. pylori infection alone. CagA behaves as a bacterial oncoprotein playing a key role in H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and inactivation of tumor suppressor pathways are two crucial events in the development of gastric cancer. CagA shows the ability to affect the expression or function of vital protein in oncogenic or tumor suppressor signaling pathways via several molecular mechanisms, such as direct binding or interaction, phosphorylation of vital signaling proteins and methylation of tumor suppressor genes. As a result, CagA continuously dysregulates of these signaling pathways and promotes tumorigenesis. Recent research has enriched our understanding of how CagA effects on these signaling pathways. This review summarizes the results of the most relevant studies, discusses the complex molecular mechanism involved and attempts to delineate the entire signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Bo-Sheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Chang-Jiang Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, P.R. China.
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Suppression of cell division-associated genes by Helicobacter pylori attenuates proliferation of RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11046. [PMID: 26078204 PMCID: PMC4468580 DOI: 10.1038/srep11046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori at multiplicity of infection (MOI ≥ 50) have been shown to cause apoptosis in RAW264.7 monocytic macrophage cells. Because chronic gastric infection by H. pylori results in the persistence of macrophages in the host's gut, it is likely that H. pylori is present at low to moderate, rather than high numbers in the infected host. At present, the effect of low-MOI H. pylori infection on macrophage has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide transcriptional regulation of H. pylori-infected RAW264.7 cells at MOI 1, 5 and 10 in the absence of cellular apoptosis. Microarray data revealed up- and down-regulation of 1341 and 1591 genes, respectively. The expression of genes encoding for DNA replication and cell cycle-associated molecules, including Aurora-B kinase (AurkB) were down-regulated. Immunoblot analysis verified the decreased expression of AurkB and downstream phosphorylation of Cdk1 caused by H. pylori infection. Consistently, we observed that H. pylori infection inhibited cell proliferation and progression through the G1/S and G2/M checkpoints. In summary, we suggest that H. pylori disrupts expression of cell cycle-associated genes, thereby impeding proliferation of RAW264.7 cells, and such disruption may be an immunoevasive strategy utilized by H. pylori.
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Yang J, Dai LX, Pan X, Wang H, Li B, Zhu J, Li MY, Shi XL, Wang BN. Protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in BALB/c mice by oral administration of multi-epitope vaccine of CTB-UreI-UreB. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv026. [PMID: 25846576 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastric infection by the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is strongly associated with gastritis, gastric ulcer and the development of distal gastric carcinoma and gastric mucosal lymphoma in humans. Antibiotic treatment of H. pylori is becoming less effective because of increasing antibiotic resistance; other treatment approaches such as specifically targeted methods, etc. to destroy this organism would be beneficial. An epitope vaccine is a promising option for protection against H. pylori infection. In this study, a multi-epitope vaccine was constructed by linking cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), two antigenic fragments of H. pylori urease I subunit (UreI20-29, UreI98-107) and four antigenic fragments of H. pylori urease B subunit (UreB12-23, UreB229-251, UreB327-400, UreB515-561), resulting in the recombinant CTB-UreI-UreB (BIB). Its protective effect against H. pylori infection was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Significant protection against H. pylori challenge was achieved in BALB/c mice immunized with BIB (15/18, 83.3%), rIB plus rCTB (6/18, 33.3%) and rIB (2/18, 11.1%) separately, while no protective effect was found in the mice immunized with either adjuvant rCTB alone or PBS. The induction of significant protection against H. pylori is possibly mediated by specific serum IgA and mucosal sIgA antibodies, and a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cells response. This multi-epitope vaccine might be a promising vaccine candidate that helps to control H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Sichuan Vaccine Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv-xia Dai
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Experiment Teaching Center of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu College of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Pan
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Sichuan Vaccine Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongren Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Sichuan Vaccine Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-yuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Li Shi
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-ning Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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