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Abbasnia S, Hashem Asnaashari AM, Sharebiani H, Soleimanpour S, Mosavat A, Rezaee SA. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and host interactions in the manifestation of tuberculosis. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 36:100458. [PMID: 38983441 PMCID: PMC11231606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The final step of epigenetic processes is changing the gene expression in a new microenvironment in the body, such as neuroendocrine changes, active infections, oncogenes, or chemical agents. The case of tuberculosis (TB) is an outcome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) and host interaction in the manifestation of active and latent TB or clearance. This comprehensive review explains and interprets the epigenetics findings regarding gene expressions on the host-pathogen interactions in the development and progression of tuberculosis. This review introduces novel insights into the complicated host-pathogen interactions, discusses the challengeable results, and shows the gaps in the clear understanding of M.tb behavior. Focusing on the biological phenomena of host-pathogen interactions, the epigenetic changes, and their outcomes provides a promising future for developing effective TB immunotherapies when converting gene expression toward appropriate host immune responses gradually becomes attainable. Overall, this review may shed light on the dark sides of TB pathogenesis as a life-threatening disease. Therefore, it may support effective planning and implementation of epigenetics approaches for introducing proper therapies or effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Abbasnia
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hiva Sharebiani
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Jin Y, Liu Y, Yu W, Zhang Y, Pan K, Wang M, Xu A. Exosomal microRNAs associated with tuberculosis among people living with human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 36:100453. [PMID: 38872871 PMCID: PMC11169466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of selected exosomal miRNAs for Tuberculosis (TB) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Methods A total of 43 adult HIV patients, including 20 diagnosed with TB and 23 controls, were enrolled. The levels of six exosomal miRNAs (miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-26a, miR-106a, miR-191, and miR-486) were measured using qRT-PCR. Results The levels of these six exosomal miRNAs (miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-26a, miR-106a, miR-191, and miR-486) were significantly higher in the plasma of TB patients compared to controls among PLHIV. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of these six miRNAs showed a fair performance in distinguishing TB patients from controls, with Area Under Curve (AUC) values of 0.78 (95 %CI 0.63-0.93), 0.81 (95 %CI 0.67-0.95), 0.77 (95 %CI 0.61-0.93), 0.84 (95 %CI 0.70-0.98), 0.82 (95 %CI 0.68-0.95) and 0.79 (95 %CI 0.65-0.93), respectively. These miRNAs showed higher AUC values for extrapulmonary tuberculosis compared to pulmonary tuberculosis. An analysis of subgroups was performed based on CD4 + T cell count (<200 and ≥ 200 cells·µL-1). In the high CD4 count group, all these six exosomal miRNAs appeared to have higher AUC values compared to the low CD4 count group. Conclusions These six exosomal miRNAs could serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing TB among PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kenv Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaochan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aifang Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China
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Parida KK, Lahiri M, Ghosh M, Dalal A, Kalia NP. P-glycoprotein inhibitors as an adjunct therapy for TB. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104108. [PMID: 39032811 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The primary challenge in TB treatment is the emergence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). One of the major factors responsible for MDR is the upregulation of efflux pumps. Permeation-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux pump, hinders the bioavailability of the administered drugs inside the infected cells. Simultaneously, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, contributes to drug delivery complexities. TB infection triggers a cascade of events that upregulates the expression of angiogenic factors and P-gp. The combined action of P-gp and angiogenesis foster the emergence of MDR-TB. Understanding these mechanisms is pivotal for developing targeted interventions to overcome MDR in TB. P-gp inhibitors, such as verapamil, and anti-angiogenic drugs, including bevacizumab, have shown improvement in TB drug delivery to granuloma. In this review, we discuss the potential of P-gp inhibitors as an adjunct therapy to shorten TB treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishan Kumar Parida
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Monali Lahiri
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mainak Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aman Dalal
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nitin Pal Kalia
- Department of Biological Sciences (Pharmacology and Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Kazemi S, Mirzaei R, Karampoor S, Hosseini-Fard SR, Ahmadyousefi Y, Soltanian AR, Keramat F, Saidijam M, Alikhani MY. Circular RNAs in tuberculosis: From mechanism of action to potential diagnostic biomarker. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106459. [PMID: 37995882 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), continues to be a major global health concern. Understanding the molecular intricacies of TB pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of single-stranded RNA molecules characterized by covalently closed loops, have recently emerged as potential diagnostic biomarkers in various diseases. CircRNAs have been demonstrated to modulate the host's immunological responses against TB, specifically by reducing monocyte apoptosis, augmenting autophagy, and facilitating macrophage polarization. This review comprehensively explores the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in TB pathogenesis. We also discuss the growing body of evidence supporting their utility as promising diagnostic biomarkers for TB. By bridging the gap between fundamental circRNA biology and TB diagnostics, this review offers insights into the exciting potential of circRNAs in combatting this infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Kazemi
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Mirzaei
- Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Fariba Keramat
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Infectious Disease Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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5
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Vu TH, Heo J, Kang S, Kim C, Lillehoj HS, Hong YH. Chicken miR-26a-5p modulates MDA5 during highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 149:104921. [PMID: 37611883 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs play crucial roles in immune-related pathways in host animals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the systemic biological function of gga-miR-26a-5p, a chicken miRNA, in the immune responses to HPAIV H5N1 infection in the Vietnamese Ri chicken line. Our results showed a significant downregulation in gga-miR-26a expression in the lung tissue of Ri chickens during HPAIV H5N1 infection. Overexpression of gga-miR-26a and the reporter construct, either containing the wildtype or mutant melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) 3' untranslated region (3' UTR)-luciferase, into a chicken fibroblast cell line, revealed that gga-miR-26a can act as a direct translational repressor of MDA5 by targeting the 3' UTRs. Additionally, miR-26a negatively regulated the expression of the signaling molecules related to the MDA5 signaling pathway, including MDA5, mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS), interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, downstream of the IRF7 and NF-κB signaling pathway, the proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IFN-γ, IFN-α, IFN-β, and the interferon-stimulated gene (Mx1) were, likewise, downregulated by the overexpression of gga-miR-26a. These findings suggest that gga-miR-26a-5p serves as an important regulator in the MDA5 signaling pathway and antiviral response. Overall, our results contribute to an improved understanding of the biological functions of gga-miR-26a-5p, alongside the mechanisms underlying the MDA5 signaling pathway, and the antiviral response to HPAIV-H5N1 infection in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hao Vu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, National Institute of Veterinary Research, Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam.
| | - Jubi Heo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suyeon Kang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chaeeun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Yeong Ho Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Shepelkova GS, Evstifeev VV, Berezovskiy YS, Tarasov RV, Bagirov MA, Yeremeev VV. Lung Inflammation Signature in Post-COVID-19 TB Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16315. [PMID: 38003504 PMCID: PMC10671676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of infectious disease mortality worldwide, despite the COVID-19 pandemic. The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 affects tuberculosis progression have not yet been established. Here, we compared the level of inflammation in the wall of the tuberculoma and in the parenchymal lung tissue of 30 patients diagnosed with tuberculoma without a history of COVID-19 and 30 patients diagnosed with tuberculoma 3 months after COVID-19. We also characterized TB activity in these patients using a panel of TB-associated miRNAs. Histopathological changes were examined in the resection material, and the expression level of cytokine/chemokine genes was determined by qRT-PCR. In patients with a history of COVID-19, the histological data obtained suggested activation of tuberculosis. In the same group of patients, as opposed to those without a history of COVID-19, equally high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were expressed both in the tuberculoma wall and in the periphery of the resected specimen. A full set of miRNAs (miR-191, miR-193a, miR-222, miR-223, miR-155, miR-26a, and miR-150) were downregulated in the sera of patients with TB and active COVID-19 co-infection compared to controls. Our observations indicate signs of tuberculosis activation resulting from COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina S. Shepelkova
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Evstifeev
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Yuriy S. Berezovskiy
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
- Moscow Regional Clinical Tuberculosis Center, Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - Ruslan V. Tarasov
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Mamed A. Bagirov
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Vladimir V. Yeremeev
- Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow 107564, Russia; (V.V.E.); (Y.S.B.); (R.V.T.); (M.A.B.)
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7
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Jung AM, Furlong MA, Goodrich JM, Cardenas A, Beitel SC, Littau SR, Caban-Martinez AJ, Gulotta JJ, Wallentine DD, Urwin D, Gabriel J, Hughes J, Graber JM, Grant C, Burgess JL. Associations Between Epigenetic Age Acceleration and microRNA Expression Among U.S. Firefighters. Epigenet Insights 2023; 16:25168657231206301. [PMID: 37953967 PMCID: PMC10634256 DOI: 10.1177/25168657231206301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes may be biomarkers of health. Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), the discrepancy between epigenetic age measured via epigenetic clocks and chronological age, is associated with morbidity and mortality. However, the intersection of epigenetic clocks with microRNAs (miRNAs) and corresponding miRNA-based health implications have not been evaluated. We analyzed DNA methylation and miRNA profiles from blood sampled among 332 individuals enrolled across 2 U.S.-based firefighter occupational studies (2015-2018 and 2018-2020). We considered 7 measures of EAA in leukocytes (PhenoAge, GrimAge, Horvath, skin-blood, and Hannum epigenetic clocks, and extrinsic and intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration). We identified miRNAs associated with EAA using individual linear regression models, adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, chronological age, and cell type estimates, and investigated downstream effects of associated miRNAs with miRNA enrichment analyses and genomic annotations. On average, participants were 38 years old, 88% male, and 75% non-Hispanic white. We identified 183 of 798 miRNAs associated with EAA (FDR q < 0.05); 126 with PhenoAge, 59 with GrimAge, 1 with Horvath, and 1 with the skin-blood clock. Among miRNAs associated with Horvath and GrimAge, there were 61 significantly enriched disease annotations including age-related metabolic and cardiovascular conditions and several cancers. Enriched pathways included those related to proteins and protein modification. We identified miRNAs associated with EAA of multiple epigenetic clocks. PhenoAge had more associations with individual miRNAs, but GrimAge and Horvath had greater implications for miRNA-associated pathways. Understanding the relationship between these epigenetic markers could contribute to our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of aging and aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia M Jung
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, R. Ken Coit College of Pharmacy, College of Public Health, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa A Furlong
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shawn C Beitel
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sally R Littau
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Alberto J Caban-Martinez
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Derek Urwin
- Los Angeles County Fire Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Health Safety and Medicine, International Association of Fire Fighters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jamie Gabriel
- Los Angeles County Fire Department, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Judith M Graber
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Casey Grant
- Fire Protection Research Foundation, Quincy, MA, USA
| | - Jefferey L Burgess
- Department of Community, Environment & Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Sampath P, Moorthy M, Menon A, Madhav L, Janaki A, Dhanapal M, Natarajan AP, Hissar S, Ranganathan UD, Ramaswamy G, Bethunaickan R. Downregulation of monocyte miRNAs: implications for immune dysfunction and disease severity in drug-resistant tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1197805. [PMID: 37457712 PMCID: PMC10345223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1197805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Monocyte miRNAs govern both protective and pathological responses during tuberculosis (TB) through their differential expression and emerged as potent targets for biomarker discovery and host-directed therapeutics. Thus, this study examined the miRNA profile of sorted monocytes across the TB disease spectrum [drug-resistant TB (DR-TB), drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB), and latent TB] and in healthy individuals (HC) to understand the underlying pathophysiology and their regulatory mechanism. Methods We sorted total monocytes including three subsets (HLA-DR+CD14+, HLA-DR+CD14+CD16+, and HLA-DR+CD16+cells) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy and TB-infected individuals through flow cytometry and subjected them to NanoString-based miRNA profiling. Results The outcome was the differential expression of 107 miRNAs particularly the downregulation of miRNAs in the active TB groups (both drug-resistant and drug-sensitive). The miRNA profile revealed differential expression signatures: i) decline of miR-548m in DR-TB alone, ii) decline of miR-486-3p in active TB but significant elevation only in LTB iii) elevation of miR-132-3p only in active TB (DR-TB and DS-TB) and iv) elevation of miR-150-5p in DR-TB alone. The directionality of functions mediated by monocyte miRNAs from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) facilitated two phenomenal findings: i) a bidirectional response between active disease (activation profile in DR-TB and DS-TB compared to LTB and HC) and latent infection (suppression profile in LTB vs HC) and ii) hyper immune activation in the DR-TB group compared to DS-TB. Conclusion Thus, monocyte miRNA signatures provide pathological clues for altered monocyte function, drug resistance, and disease severity. Further studies on monocyte miRNAs may shed light on the immune regulatory mechanism for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Sampath
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | | | - Athul Menon
- TheraCUES Innovations Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Aishwarya Janaki
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Madhavan Dhanapal
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | | | - Syed Hissar
- Department of Clinical Research, ICMR-National Institute of Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Uma Devi Ranganathan
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | | | - Ramalingam Bethunaickan
- Department of Immunology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
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9
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MicroRNAs as Biomarkers of Active Pulmonary TB Course. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030626. [PMID: 36985200 PMCID: PMC10053298 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spread of drug-resistant forms of TB dictates the need for surgical treatment in the complex of anti-tuberculosis measures in Russia. Most often, surgical intervention is performed in the case of pulmonary tuberculoma or fibrotic cavitary tuberculosis (FCT). This study is devoted to the search for biomarkers that characterize the course of disease in surgical TB patients. It is assumed that such biomarkers will help the surgeon decide on the timing of the planned operation. A number of serum microRNAs, potential regulators of inflammation and fibrosis in TB, selected on the basis of PCR-Array analysis, were considered as biomarkers. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and receiver operating curves (ROC) were used to verify Array data and to estimate the ability of microRNAs (miRNAs) to discriminate between healthy controls, tuberculoma patients, and FCT patients. The study showed that miR-155, miR-191 and miR-223 were differentially expressed in serum of tuberculoma with “decay” and tuberculoma without “decay” patients. Another combination (miR-26a, miR-191, miR-222 and miR-320) forms a set to differentiate between tuberculoma with “decay” and FCT. Patients with tuberculoma without “decay” diagnosis differ from those with FCT in serum expression of miR-26a, miR-155, miR-191, miR-222 and miR-223. Further investigations are required to evaluate these sets on a larger population so as to set cut-off values that could be applied in laboratory diagnosis.
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10
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Allahverdy J, Rashidi N. MicroRNAs induced by Listeria monocytogenes and their role in cells. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105997. [PMID: 36669673 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) causes abortions at high rates and threatens newborns' lives. Also, the elderly and immunocompromised individuals are particularly vulnerable neurologically. The bacterium exerts its pathogenesis intracellularly by manipulating cell organs. It manipulates nucleus elements, microRNAs (miRNAs), in order to increase survival and evade immunity. miRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that degrade gene expression post-transcriptionally. Any alteration to the expression of miRNAs affects various cascades in cells, especially immunity-related responses. Thus, utilizing miRNAs as a novel therapeutic agent not only restricts infection but enhances immunity reactions. This review provides an overview of miRNAs in listeriosis, their role in cells, and their prospects as therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Allahverdy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Tian Y, Zhang M, Fan M, Xu H, Wu S, Zou S, Wang Y, Tang D, Zhang C, Han W, Yu H, Fu X, Huang W. A miRNA-mediated attenuation of hepatocarcinogenesis in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 30:1-12. [PMID: 36158629 PMCID: PMC9471972 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate a variety of physiological and pathological functions. miR-26a is one of the many miRNAs that have been identified as regulators of cancer development and as potential anticancer drug targets. However, the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms by which miR-26a attenuates hepatocarcinogenesis are still elusive. Here, we interrogated mouse models with miR-26a cell-specific overexpression in either hepatocytes or myeloid cells to show that miR-26a strongly attenuated the chemical-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miR-26a overexpression broadly inhibited the inflammatory response in both hepatocytes and macrophages by decreasing several key oncogenic signaling pathways in HCC promotion. These findings thus reveal new insights into a concerted role of miR-26a in both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells to suppress hepatocarcinogenesis, thereby highlighting the potential use of miR-26a mimetics as potential approaches for the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mingfeng Zhang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Mingjie Fan
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Haixia Xu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Shunquan Wu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sailan Zou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yangmeng Wang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Graduate School of Biological Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Corresponding author Xianghui Fu, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Graduate School of Biological Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
- Corresponding author Wendong Huang, PhD, Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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12
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Wang L, Xiong Y, Fu B, Guo D, Zaky MY, Lin X, Wu H. MicroRNAs as immune regulators and biomarkers in tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1027472. [PMID: 36389769 PMCID: PMC9647078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1027472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), which is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the most lethal infectious disease worldwide, and it greatly affects human health. Some diagnostic and therapeutic methods are available to effectively prevent and treat TB; however, only a few systematic studies have described the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TB. Combining multiple clinical datasets and previous studies on Mtb and miRNAs, we state that pathogens can exploit interactions between miRNAs and other biomolecules to avoid host mechanisms of immune-mediated clearance and survive in host cells for a long time. During the interaction between Mtb and host cells, miRNA expression levels are altered, resulting in the changes in the miRNA-mediated regulation of host cell metabolism, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and autophagy. In addition, differential miRNA expression can be used to distinguish healthy individuals, patients with TB, and patients with latent TB. This review summarizes the roles of miRNAs in immune regulation and their application as biomarkers in TB. These findings could provide new opportunities for the diagnosis and treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Beibei Fu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mohamed Y. Zaky
- Department of Zoology, Molecular Physiology Division, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Xiaoyuan Lin
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Liang S, Ma J, Gong H, Shao J, Li J, Zhan Y, Wang Z, Wang C, Li W. Immune regulation and emerging roles of noncoding RNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:987018. [PMID: 36311754 PMCID: PMC9608867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.987018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, engenders an onerous burden on public hygiene. Congenital and adaptive immunity in the human body act as robust defenses against the pathogens. However, in coevolution with humans, this microbe has gained multiple lines of mechanisms to circumvent the immune response to sustain its intracellular persistence and long-term survival inside a host. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that this stealthy bacterium can alter the expression of demic noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), leading to dysregulated biological processes subsequently, which may be the rationale behind the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Meanwhile, the differential accumulation in clinical samples endows them with the capacity to be indicators in the time of tuberculosis suffering. In this article, we reviewed the nearest insights into the impact of ncRNAs during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection as realized via immune response modulation and their potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis, drug resistance identification, treatment evaluation, and adverse drug reaction prediction of tuberculosis, aiming to inspire novel and precise therapy development to combat this pathogen in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Liang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiechao Ma
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Lab, Deepwise Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Gong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuejuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Leal DFDVB, Santana da Silva MN, Pastana LF, Fernandes MR, de Athayde ADSC, Fernandes Porchera DCR, da Silva CA, Modesto AAC, De Assumpcão PP, dos Santos SEB, dos Santos NPC. Genetic Variants of MicroRNA and DROSHA Genes in Association With the Risk of Tuberculosis in the Amazon Population. Front Genet 2022; 13:850058. [PMID: 35309115 PMCID: PMC8924412 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.850058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with high incidence and mortality. Studies reported that host genetic variants might be associated with the risk of tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to perform an association study between 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and tuberculosis and evaluate whether these SNPs may confer risk factors to tuberculosis in the Amazon population. There were 52 males and 126 females, with total of 178 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed using TaqMan Open Array Genotyping. Ancestry-informative markers were used to estimate the ancestral proportions of the individuals in the case and control groups. The results indicated that the SNPs rs10035440 (DROSHA), rs7372209 (miR26-a1), rs1834306 (miR100), rs4919510 (miR608), and rs10739971 (pri-let-7a-1) were significantly associated with high risk and rs3746444 (miR499) and rs6505162 (miR423), with low risk of developing tuberculosis in the Amazon population. Our study concluded that seven miRNA polymorphisms were associated with tuberculosis. Our study contributes to a better understanding of TB pathogenesis and may promote the development of new diagnostic tools against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marianne Rodrigues Fernandes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marianne Rodrigues Fernandes,
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sidney Emanuel Batista dos Santos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Oncologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
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15
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Sui J, Qiao W, Xiang X, Luo Y. Epigenetic Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Host Provide Potential Targets or Biomarkers for Drug Discovery and Clinical Diagnosis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Magdalena D, Magdalena G. Biological functions and diagnostic implications of microRNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.333208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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17
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Identification of Unique Key miRNAs, TFs, and mRNAs in Virulent MTB Infection Macrophages by Network Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010382. [PMID: 35008808 PMCID: PMC8745702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has existed for thousands of years, its immune escape mechanism remains obscure. Increasing evidence signifies that microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in the progression of tuberculosis (TB). RNA sequencing was used to sequence miRNAs in human acute monocytic leukemia cells (THP-1) infected by the virulent MTB-1458 strain and the avirulent vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Sets of differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between MTB-1458/BCG-infected groups and uninfected groups were identified, among which 18 were differentially expressed only in the MTB-1458-infected THP-1 group. Then, 13 transcription factors (TFs) and 81 target genes of these 18 DE-miRNAs were matched. Gene Ontology classification as well as Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis showed that the candidate targets were predominantly involved in apoptotic-associated and interferon-γ-mediated signaling pathways. A TF-miRNA-mRNA interaction network was constructed to analyze the relationships among these 18 DE-miRNAs and their targets and TFs, as well as display the hub miRNAs, TFs, and target genes. Considering the degrees from network analysis and the reported functions, this study focused on the BHLHE40-miR-378d-BHLHE40 regulation axis and confirmed that BHLHE40 was a target of miR-378d. This cross-talk among DE-miRNAs, mRNAs, and TFs might be an important feature in TB, and the findings merited further study and provided new insights into immune defense and evasion underlying host-pathogen interactions.
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18
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Deng Q, Huang J, Yan J, Mao E, Chen H, Wang C. Circ_0001490/miR-579-3p/FSTL1 axis modulates the survival of mycobacteria and the viability, apoptosis and inflammatory response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 131:102123. [PMID: 34555658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages play an important role in the host immune response against mycobacterial infection, and this process is regulated by various factors, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). We intended to explore the role of circ_0001490 in tuberculosis (TB) using Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)-infected THP-1 macrophages. METHODS Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot assay were conducted to measure RNA and protein expression, respectively. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was conducted to analyze the viability of THP-1 macrophages. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the apoptosis rate of THP-1 macrophages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to assess the release of inflammatory cytokines. Colony-forming unit (CFU) assay was conducted to analyze the survival of M.tb in THP-1 macrophages. Intermolecular target interaction was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. RESULTS Circ_0001490 expression was down-regulated in the serum samples of TB patients and M.tb-infected THP-1 macrophages. Circ_0001490 overexpression suppressed M.tb survival and promoted the viability and inflammatory response of THP-1 macrophages. Circ_0001490 interacted with microRNA-579-3p (miR-579-3p), and circ_0001490 overexpression-induced protective effects in M.tb-infected THP-1 macrophages were largely overturned by the overexpression of miR-579-3p. miR-579-3p interacted with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1). FSTL1 silencing largely overturned miR-579-3p knockdown-induced effects in M.tb-infected THP-1 macrophages. Circ_0001490 acted as miR-579-3p sponge to up-regulate FSTL1 in THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrated that circ_0001490 suppressed M.tb survival and promoted the viability and inflammatory response of M.tb-infected THP-1 macrophages partly by regulating miR-579-3p/FSTL1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Deng
- Department of Tuberculosis, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Deparment of Respratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinjin Yan
- Deparment of Thoracic Surgery, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Erning Mao
- Science and Education Section, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - HuiJuan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Caiwen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
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19
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Ghanavi J, Farnia P, Farnia P, Velayati AA. The role of interferon-gamma and interferon-gamma receptor in tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Int J Mycobacteriol 2021; 10:349-357. [PMID: 34916451 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_186_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) remain the leading causes of lung disease and mortality worldwide. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and its receptor (IFN-γR) play a key role in mediating immunity against Mtb and NTM. This study was conducted as a systematic review; all information was collected from databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, SID, and medical databases. Finally, all the collected data were reviewed, and all content was categorized briefly. There is growing evidence that IFN-γ plays an important role in host defense against these two intracellular pathogens by activating macrophages. In addition, IFN-γ has been shown to be an integral part of various antibacterial methods such as granuloma formation and phagosome-lysosome fusion, both of which lead to the death of intracellular Mycobacterium. As a result, its absence is associated with overgrowth of intracellular pathogens and disease caused by Mtb or Mycobacterium nontuberculosis. We also look at the role of IFN-γR in Mtb or NTM because IFN-γ acts through IFN-γR. Finally, we introduce new approaches to the treatment of M. tuberculosis complex (MTC) and NTM disease, such as cell and gene-based therapies that work by modulating IFN-γ and IFN-γR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalaledin Ghanavi
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Poopak Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parissa Farnia
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Velayati
- Mycobacteriology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Elizarova A, Ozturk M, Guler R, Medvedeva YA. MIREyA: a computational approach to detect miRNA-directed gene activation. F1000Res 2021; 10:249. [PMID: 34527215 PMCID: PMC8411277 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.28142.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies demonstrate the ability of microRNAs (miRNAs) to activate genes via different mechanisms. Specifically, miRNAs may trigger an enhancer promoting chromatin remodelling in the enhancer region, thus activating the enhancer and its target genes. Here we present MIREyA, a pipeline developed to predict such miRNA-gene-enhancer trios based on an expression dataset which obviates the need to write custom scripts. We applied our pipeline to primary murine macrophages infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HN878 strain) and detected Mir22, Mir221, Mir222, Mir155 and Mir1956, which could up-regulate genes related to immune responses. We believe that MIREyA is a useful tool for detecting putative miRNA-directed gene activation cases. MIREyA is available from: https://github.com/veania/MIREyA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Elizarova
- Group of Regulatory Transcriptomics and Epigenomics, Research Center of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russian Federation.,Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russian Federation
| | - Mumin Ozturk
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Reto Guler
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology and South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Yulia A Medvedeva
- Group of Regulatory Transcriptomics and Epigenomics, Research Center of Biotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117312, Russian Federation.,Department of Biological and Medical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russian Federation
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21
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Leiva F, Bravo S, Garcia KK, Moya J, Guzman O, Vidal R. Temporal Gene Expression Signature of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles-MicroRNAs from Post-Smolt Coho Salmon Challenged with Piscirickettsia salmonis. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:602-614. [PMID: 34390423 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Piscirickettsiosis is the most important bacterial disease in the Chilean salmon industry, which has borne major economic losses due to failure to control it. Cells use extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an inter-cellular communicators to deliver several factors (e.g., microRNAs) that may regulate the responses of other cells. However, there is limited knowledge about the identification and characterization of EV-miRNAs in salmonids or the effect of infections on these. In this study, Illumina sequencing technology was used to identify Coho salmon plasma EV-miRNAs upon Piscirickettsia salmonis infection at four different time points. A total of 118 novels and 188 known EV-miRNAs, including key immune teleost miRNAs families (e.g., miR-146, miR-122), were identified. A total of 245 EV-miRNAs were detected as differentially expressed (FDR < 5%) in terms of control, with a clear down-regulation pattern throughout the disease. KEGG enrichment results of EV-miRNAs target genes showed that they were grouped mainly in cellular, stress, inflammation and immune responses. Therefore, it is hypothesized that P. salmonis could potentially benefit from unbalanced modulation response of Coho salmon EV-miRNAs in order to promote a hyper-inflammatory and compromised immune response through the suppression of different key immune host miRNAs during the course of the infection, as indicated by the results of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Leiva
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Scarlet Bravo
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Killen Ko Garcia
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Moya
- Benchmark Animal Health Chile, Santa Rosa 560 Of.26, Puerto Varas, Chile
| | - Osiel Guzman
- IDEVAC SpA, Francisco Bilbao 1129 Of. 306, Osorno, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Vidal
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Genomics and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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22
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Bade P, Simonetti F, Sans S, Laboudie P, Kissane K, Chappat N, Lagrange S, Apparailly F, Roubert C, Duroux-Richard I. Integrative Analysis of Human Macrophage Inflammatory Response Related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Virulence. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668060. [PMID: 34276658 PMCID: PMC8284339 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis, kills 1.5 to 1.7 million people every year. Macrophages are Mtb's main host cells and their inflammatory response is an essential component of the host defense against Mtb. However, Mtb is able to circumvent the macrophages' defenses by triggering an inappropriate inflammatory response. The ability of Mtb to hinder phagolysosome maturation and acidification, and to escape the phagosome into the cytosol, is closely linked to its virulence. The modulation of the host inflammatory response relies on Mtb virulence factors, but remains poorly studied. Understanding macrophage interactions with Mtb is crucial to develop strategies to control tuberculosis. The present study aims to determine the inflammatory response transcriptome and miRNome of human macrophages infected with the virulent H37Rv Mtb strain, to identify macrophage genetic networks specifically modulated by Mtb virulence. Using human macrophages infected with two different live strains of mycobacteria (live or heat-inactivated Mtb H37Rv and M. marinum), we quantified and analyzed 184 inflammatory mRNAs and 765 micro(mi)RNAs. Transcripts and miRNAs differently modulated by H37Rv in comparison with the two other conditions were analyzed using in silico approaches. We identified 30 host inflammatory response genes and 37 miRNAs specific for H37Rv virulence, and highlight evidence suggesting that Mtb intracellular-linked virulence depends on the inhibition of IL-1β-dependent pro-inflammatory response, the repression of apoptosis and the delay of the recruitment and activation of adaptive immune cells. Our findings provide new potential targets for the development of macrophage-based therapeutic strategies against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bade
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Evotec ID (Lyon), Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Florence Apparailly
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Isabelle Duroux-Richard
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Biotherapy (IRMB), INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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23
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Sampath P, Periyasamy KM, Ranganathan UD, Bethunaickan R. Monocyte and Macrophage miRNA: Potent Biomarker and Target for Host-Directed Therapy for Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667206. [PMID: 34248945 PMCID: PMC8267585 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The end TB strategy reinforces the essentiality of readily accessible biomarkers for early tuberculosis diagnosis. Exploration of microRNA (miRNA) and pathway analysis opens an avenue for the discovery of possible therapeutic targets. miRNA is a small, non-coding oligonucleotide characterized by the mechanism of gene regulation, transcription, and immunomodulation. Studies on miRNA define their importance as an immune marker for active disease progression and as an immunomodulator for innate mechanisms, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Monocyte research is highly advancing toward TB pathogenesis and biomarker efficiency because of its innate and adaptive response connectivity. The combination of monocytes/macrophages and their relative miRNA expression furnish newer insight on the unresolved mechanism for Mycobacterium survival, exploitation of host defense, latent infection, and disease resistance. This review deals with miRNA from monocytes, their relative expression in different disease stages of TB, multiple gene regulating mechanisms in shaping immunity against tuberculosis, and their functionality as biomarker and host-mediated therapeutics. Future collaborative efforts involving multidisciplinary approach in various ethnic population with multiple factors (age, gender, mycobacterial strain, disease stage, other chronic lung infections, and inflammatory disease criteria) on these short miRNAs from body fluids and cells could predict the valuable miRNA biosignature network as a potent tool for biomarkers and host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavithra Sampath
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Uma Devi Ranganathan
- Department of Immunology, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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24
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Kundu M, Basu J. The Role of microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in the Regulation of the Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:687962. [PMID: 34248974 PMCID: PMC8264550 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.687962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs have emerged as critical regulators of the immune response to infection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs which regulate host defense mechanisms against viruses, bacteria and fungi. They are involved in the delicate interplay between Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), and its host, which dictates the course of infection. Differential expression of miRNAs upon infection with M. tuberculosis, regulates host signaling pathways linked to inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis and polarization of macrophages. Experimental evidence suggests that virulent M. tuberculosis often utilize host miRNAs to promote pathogenicity by restricting host-mediated antibacterial signaling pathways. At the same time, host- induced miRNAs augment antibacterial processes such as autophagy, to limit bacterial proliferation. Targeting miRNAs is an emerging option for host-directed therapies. Recent studies have explored the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) in the regulation of the host response to mycobacterial infection. Among other functions, lncRNAs interact with chromatin remodelers to regulate gene expression and also function as miRNA sponges. In this review we attempt to summarize recent literature on how miRNAs and lncRNAs are differentially expressed during the course of M. tuberculosis infection, and how they influence the outcome of infection. We also discuss the potential use of non-coding RNAs as biomarkers of active and latent tuberculosis. Comprehensive understanding of the role of these non-coding RNAs is the first step towards developing RNA-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools for the treatment of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyoti Basu
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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25
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Wei L, Liu K, Jia Q, Zhang H, Bie Q, Zhang B. The Roles of Host Noncoding RNAs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664787. [PMID: 34093557 PMCID: PMC8170620 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a major health problem. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, can replicate and persist in host cells. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) widely participate in various biological processes, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and play critical roles in gene regulation. In this review, we summarize the latest reports on ncRNAs (microRNAs, piRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs) that regulate the host response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. In the context of host-Mycobacterium tuberculosis interactions, a broad and in-depth understanding of host ncRNA regulatory mechanisms may lead to potential clinical prospects for tuberculosis diagnosis and the development of new anti-tuberculosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Nursing Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingzhi Jia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Qingli Bie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- Institute of Forensic Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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26
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Immunomodulation by epigenome alterations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 128:102077. [PMID: 33812175 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has co-evolved with humans for decades and developed several mechanisms to evade host immunity. It can efficiently alter the host epigenome, thus playing a major role in immunomodulation by either activating or suppressing genes responsible for mounting an immune response against the pathogen. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and chromatin remodelling regulate gene expression and influence several cellular processes. The involvement of epigenetic factors in disease onset and development had been overlooked upon in comparison to genetic mutations. It is now believed that assessment of epigenetic changes hold great potential in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies for a wide range of diseases. In this review, we unravel the principles of epigenetics and the numerous ways by which MTB re-shapes the host epigenetic landscape as a strategy to overpower the host immune system for its survival and persistence.
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27
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Mirzaei R, Babakhani S, Ajorloo P, Ahmadi RH, Hosseini-Fard SR, Keyvani H, Ahmadyousefi Y, Teimoori A, Zamani F, Karampoor S, Yousefimashouf R. The emerging role of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic and therapeutic biomarker in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Mol Med 2021; 27:34. [PMID: 33794771 PMCID: PMC8017856 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has been the world's driving fatal bacterial contagious disease globally. It continues a public health emergency, and around one-third of the global community has been affected by latent TB infection (LTBI). This is mostly due to the difficulty in diagnosing and treating patients with TB and LTBI. Exosomes are nanovesicles (40-100 nm) released from different cell types, containing proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA, and they allow the transfer of one's cargo to other cells. The functional and diagnostic potential of exosomal miRNAs has been demonstrated in bacterial infections, including TB. Besides, it has been recognized that cells infected by intracellular pathogens such as Mtb can be secreting an exosome, which is implicated in the infection's fate. Exosomes, therefore, open a unique viewpoint on the investigative process of TB pathogenicity. This study explores the possible function of exosomal miRNAs as a diagnostic biomarker. Moreover, we include the latest data on the pathogenic and therapeutic role of exosomal miRNAs in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Venom and Biotherapeutics Molecules Lab, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Babakhani
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ajorloo
- Department of Biology, Sciences and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Heidari Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yaghoub Ahmadyousefi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran. .,Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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28
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Killy B, Bodendorfer B, Mages J, Ritter K, Schreiber J, Hölscher C, Pracht K, Ekici A, Jäck HM, Lang R. DGCR8 deficiency impairs macrophage growth and unleashes the interferon response to mycobacteria. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/6/e202000810. [PMID: 33771876 PMCID: PMC8008949 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mycobacterial cell wall glycolipid trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM) activates macrophages through the C-type lectin receptor MINCLE. Regulation of innate immune cells relies on miRNAs, which may be exploited by mycobacteria to survive and replicate in macrophages. Here, we have used macrophages deficient in the microprocessor component DGCR8 to investigate the impact of miRNA on the response to TDM. Deletion of DGCR8 in bone marrow progenitors reduced macrophage yield, but did not block macrophage differentiation. DGCR8-deficient macrophages showed reduced constitutive and TDM-inducible miRNA expression. RNAseq analysis revealed that they accumulated primary miRNA transcripts and displayed a modest type I IFN signature at baseline. Stimulation with TDM in the absence of DGCR8 induced overshooting expression of IFNβ and IFN-induced genes, which was blocked by antibodies to type I IFN. In contrast, signaling and transcriptional responses to recombinant IFNβ were unaltered. Infection with live Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin replicated the enhanced IFN response. Together, our results reveal an essential role for DGCR8 in curbing IFNβ expression macrophage reprogramming by mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Killy
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bodendorfer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Kristina Ritter
- Infection Immunology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Hölscher
- Infection Immunology, Forschungszentrum Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Katharina Pracht
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Zhang W, Fu X, Xie J, Pan H, Han W, Huang W. miR-26a attenuates colitis and colitis-associated cancer by targeting the multiple intestinal inflammatory pathways. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 24:264-273. [PMID: 33815939 PMCID: PMC7985669 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at increased risk for colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Therefore, controlling intestinal inflammation is a key therapeutic strategy for CAC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a family of small noncoding RNAs that have the capacity to regulate fundamental biological processes. To date, a number of miRNAs have been identified as critical regulators of inflammation. However, the specific role of miR-26a in colonic inflammation and colitis-associated carcinogenesis is still elusive. Here, we generated mice with miR-26a myeloid-cell-specific overexpression to show that miR-26a suppressed the intestinal inflammatory response in macrophages by decreasing nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/STAT3 activation and interleukin 6 (IL-6) production. At the molecular level, a number of NF-κB regulators, including TLR3, PTEN, and PKCδ, were identified as potential targets of miR-26a. Our results thus identify a novel miRNA-mediated mechanism that suppresses carcinogenic inflammation in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiansheng Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Hongming Pan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, China.,Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.,Graduate School of Biological Science, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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30
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Toraih EA, Sedhom JA, Dokunmu TM, Hussein MH, Ruiz EML, Muthusamy K, Zerfaoui M, Kandil E. Hidden in plain sight: The effects of BCG vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic. J Med Virol 2020; 93:1950-1966. [PMID: 33289122 PMCID: PMC7753709 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the relationship between Bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) vaccination and SARS‐CoV‐2 by a bioinformatics approach, two datasets for the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection group and BCG‐vaccinated group were downloaded. Differentially Expressed Genes were identified. Gene ontology and pathways were functionally enriched, and networking was constructed in NetworkAnalyst. Lastly, the correlation between post‐BCG vaccination and COVID‐19 transcriptome signatures was established. A total of 161 DEGs (113 upregulated DEGs and 48 downregulated genes) were identified in the SARS‐CoV‐2 group. In the pathway enrichment analysis, a cross‐reference of upregulated Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways in SARS‐CoV‐2 with downregulated counterparts in the BCG‐vaccinated group, resulted in the intersection of 45 common pathways, accounting for 86.5% of SARS‐CoV‐2 upregulated pathways. Of these intersecting pathways, a vast majority were immune and inflammatory pathways with top significance in interleukin‐17, tumor necrosis factor, NOD‐like receptors, and nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathways. Given the inverse relationship of the specific differentially expressed gene pathways highlighted in our results, the BCG‐vaccine may play a protective role against COVID‐19 by mounting a nonspecific immunological response and further investigation of this relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Toraih
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jessica A Sedhom
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Titilope M Dokunmu
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.,College of Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad H Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Emmanuelle M L Ruiz
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Mourad Zerfaoui
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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31
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The role of non-coding RNA on macrophage modification in tuberculosis infection. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104592. [PMID: 33098931 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), a serious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains the world's top infectious killer. It is well-established that TB can circumvent the host's immune response for long-term survival. Macrophages serve as the major host cells for TB growth and persistence and their altered functions are critical for the response of the host defense against TB exposure (elimination, latency, reactivation, and bacillary dissemination). Noncoding RNAs are crucial posttranscriptional regulators of macrophage discrimination. Therefore, this review highlights the regulatory mechanism underlying the relationship between noncoding RNAs and macrophages in TB infection, which may facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic targets and effective diagnosis biomarkers for TB disease.
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32
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Mei HX, Chen YL, Shi PL, Yang SR, Xu X, He JZ. [Advances in oral bacteria influencing host epigenetic regulation]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:583-588. [PMID: 33085246 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to a steady change in the level of gene expression caused by non-DNA sequence changes. Microbes can modulate host inflammation through epigenetic pathways to evade or expend immune responses. As an important part of human microbes, oral bacteria also have various epigenetic regulation mechanisms to affect host inflammatory responses. This article reviews the common pathways of epigenetic regulation in microbe infection and the regulation of host epigenetics by using oral microbes to provide a reference for the study of epigenetic-related mechanisms in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei-Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Si-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin-Zhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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33
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Tuberculosis-Associated MicroRNAs: From Pathogenesis to Disease Biomarkers. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102160. [PMID: 32987746 PMCID: PMC7598604 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most lethal infectious diseases with estimates of approximately 1.4 million human deaths in 2018. M. tuberculosis has a well-established ability to circumvent the host immune system to ensure its intracellular survival and persistence in the host. Mechanisms include subversion of expression of key microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the regulation of host innate and adaptive immune response against M. tuberculosis. Several studies have reported differential expression of miRNAs during active TB and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), suggesting their potential use as biomarkers of disease progression and response to anti-TB therapy. This review focused on the miRNAs involved in TB pathogenesis and on the mechanism through which miRNAs induced during TB modulate cell antimicrobial responses. An attentive study of the recent literature identifies a group of miRNAs, which are differentially expressed in active TB vs. LTBI or vs. treated TB and can be proposed as candidate biomarkers.
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34
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Wang Y, Han B, Wang Y, Wang C, Zhang H, Xue J, Wang X, Niu T, Niu Z, Chen Y. Mesenchymal stem cell-secreted extracellular vesicles carrying TGF-β1 up-regulate miR-132 and promote mouse M2 macrophage polarization. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12750-12764. [PMID: 32965772 PMCID: PMC7686990 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on different types of diseases are controversial, and the inner mechanisms remain unknown, which retards the utilization of MSCs in disease therapy. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of MSCs-extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) in M2 polarization in mouse macrophages via the microRNA-132 (miR-132)/E3 ubiquitin ligase myc binding protein 2 (Mycbp2)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) axis. Mouse MSCs were isolated for adipogenic and osteogenic induction, followed by co-culture with mouse macrophages RAW264.7. Besides, mouse macrophages RAW264.7 were co-cultured with MSCs-EVs in vitro, where the proportion of macrophages and inflammation were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA. The experimental data revealed that MSCs-EVs promoted M2 polarization of macrophages, and elevated interleukin (IL)-10 expression and inhibited levels of IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6. MSC-EV-treated macrophages RAW264.7 increased TGF-β1 expression, thus elevating miR-132 expression. MiR-132 directly bound to Mycbp2, as confirmed by luciferase activity assay. Meanwhile, E3 ubiquitin ligase Mycbp2 could ubiquitinate TSC2 protein. Furthermore, silencing TGF-β1 inhibited M2 polarization of MSC-EV-treated macrophages. Taken conjointly, this study provides evidence reporting that MSC-secreted EVs carry TGF-β1 to promote M2 polarization of macrophages via modulation of the miR-132/Mycbp2/TSC2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqi Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Biao Han
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Niu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Niu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuhe Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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35
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Bunkar N, Sharma J, Chouksey A, Kumari R, Gupta PK, Tiwari R, Lodhi L, Srivastava RK, Bhargava A, Mishra PK. Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C impairs innate immune response by inducing integrated stress response and mitochondrial-induced epigenetic modifications. Cell Signal 2020; 75:109776. [PMID: 32916276 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens, a rod-shaped, gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium is one of the most widely occurring bacterial pathogens, associated with a spectrum of diseases in humans. A major virulence factor during its infection is the enzyme phospholipase C encoded by the plc gene, known as Clostridium perfringens phospholipase C (CpPLC). The present study was designed to understand the role of CpPLC in inducing survival mechanisms and mitochondrial-induced epigenetic changes in a human lymphocyte cell culture model. Following exposure to CpPLC, a significant generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species was observed, which coincided with the changes in the expression of vital components of MAP/ERK/RTK signaling cascade that regulates the downstream cellular functions. These disturbances further led to alterations in the mitochondrial genome and functioning. This was supported by the observed upregulation in the expression of mitochondrial fission genes Drp1, Fis1, and Mff, and mitochondrial fusion genes MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1 following CpPLC exposure. CpPLC exposed cells showed upregulation of OMA1, DELE1, and HRI genes involved in the integrated stress response (ISR), which suggests that it may induce the ISR that provides a pro-survival mechanism to the host cell. CpPLC also initiated immune patho-physiologic mechanisms including mitochondrial-induced epigenetic modifications through a mitochondrial-ROS driven signaling pathway. Interestingly, epigenetic machinery not only play a pivotal role in lymphocyte homeostasis by contributing to cell-fate decisions but thought to be one of the mechanisms by which intracellular pathogens survive within the host cells. Importantly, the impairment of mtDNA repair among the CpPLC exposed cells, induced alterations within mtDNA methylation, and led to the deregulation of MT-CO1, MT-ND6, MT-ATPase 6, and MT-ATPase8 gene expression profiles that are important for mitochondrial bioenergetics and subsequent metabolic pathways. This was further confirmed by the changes in the activity of mitochondrial electron chain complexes (complex I, II, III, IV and V). The altered mtDNA methylation profile was also found to be closely associated with the varied expression of mitomiRs and their targets. CpPLC exposed cells showed up-regulation of miR24 expression and down-regulation of miR34a, miR150, and miR155, while the increased expression of mitomiR target genes i.e. of K-Ras, MYC, EGFR, and NF-kβ was also observed in these cells. Altogether, our findings provide novel insights into the derailment of redox signaling machinery in CpPLC treated lymphocytes and its role in the induction of survival mechanisms and mitochondrial-induced epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Bunkar
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Jahnavi Sharma
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Anju Chouksey
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Roshani Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Rajnarayan Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Lalit Lodhi
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Arpit Bhargava
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India.
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Coskun FS, Srivastava S, Raj P, Dozmorov I, Belkaya S, Mehra S, Golden NA, Bucsan AN, Chapagain ML, Wakeland EK, Kaushal D, Gumbo T, van Oers NSC. sncRNA-1 Is a Small Noncoding RNA Produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Infected Cells That Positively Regulates Genes Coupled to Oleic Acid Biosynthesis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1631. [PMID: 32849337 PMCID: PMC7399025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). While much work has focused on the role of different Mtb encoded proteins in pathogenesis, recent studies have revealed that Mtb also transcribes many noncoding RNAs whose functions remain poorly characterized. We performed RNA sequencing and identified a subset of Mtb H37Rv-encoded small RNAs (<30 nts in length) that were produced in infected macrophages. Designated as smaller noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), three of these predominated the read counts. Each of the three, sncRNA-1, sncRNA-6, and sncRNA-8 had surrounding sequences with predicted stable secondary RNA stem loops. Site-directed mutagenesis of the precursor sequences suggest the existence of a hairpin loop dependent RNA processing mechanism. A functional assessment of sncRNA-1 suggested that it positively regulated two mycobacterial transcripts involved in oleic acid biosynthesis. Complementary loss- and gain- of-function approaches revealed that sncRNA-1 positively supports Mtb growth and survival in nutrient-depleted cultures as well as in infected macrophages. Overall, the findings reveal that Mtb produces sncRNAs in infected cells, with sncRNA-1 modulating mycobacterial gene expression including genes coupled to oleic acid biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma S Coskun
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Shashikant Srivastava
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Igor Dozmorov
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Serkan Belkaya
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Nadia A Golden
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States
| | - Moti L Chapagain
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Edward K Wakeland
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA, United States.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Tawanda Gumbo
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Experimental Therapeutics, Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Nicolai S C van Oers
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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37
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Denzer L, Schroten H, Schwerk C. From Gene to Protein-How Bacterial Virulence Factors Manipulate Host Gene Expression During Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103730. [PMID: 32466312 PMCID: PMC7279228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria evolved many strategies to survive and persist within host cells. Secretion of bacterial effectors enables bacteria not only to enter the host cell but also to manipulate host gene expression to circumvent clearance by the host immune response. Some effectors were also shown to evade the nucleus to manipulate epigenetic processes as well as transcription and mRNA procession and are therefore classified as nucleomodulins. Others were shown to interfere downstream with gene expression at the level of mRNA stability, favoring either mRNA stabilization or mRNA degradation, translation or protein stability, including mechanisms of protein activation and degradation. Finally, manipulation of innate immune signaling and nutrient supply creates a replicative niche that enables bacterial intracellular persistence and survival. In this review, we want to highlight the divergent strategies applied by intracellular bacteria to evade host immune responses through subversion of host gene expression via bacterial effectors. Since these virulence proteins mimic host cell enzymes or own novel enzymatic functions, characterizing their properties could help to understand the complex interactions between host and pathogen during infections. Additionally, these insights could propose potential targets for medical therapy.
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38
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Wu Q, Hossfeld A, Gerberick A, Saljoughian N, Tiwari C, Mehra S, Ganesan LP, Wozniak DJ, Rajaram MVS. Effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enhancement of Macrophage P-Glycoprotein Expression and Activity on Intracellular Survival During Antituberculosis Drug Treatment. J Infect Dis 2020; 220:1989-1998. [PMID: 31412123 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Recent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis strains seriously threatens tuberculosis control and prevention. However, the role of macrophage multidrug resistance gene MDR1 on intracellular M. tuberculosis survival during antituberculosis drug treatment is not known. METHODS We used the human monocyte-derived macrophages to study the role of M. tuberculosis in regulation of MDR1 and drug resistance. RESULTS We discovered that M. tuberculosis infection increases the expression of macrophage MDR1 to extrude various chemical substances, including tuberculosis drugs, resulting in enhanced survival of intracellular M. tuberculosis. The pathway of regulation involves M. tuberculosis infection of macrophages and suppression of heat shock factor 1, a transcriptional regulator of MDR1 through the up-regulation of miR-431. Notably, nonpathogenic Mycobacterium smegmatis did not increase MDR1 expression, indicating active secretion of virulence factors in pathogenic M. tuberculosis contributing to this phenotype. Finally, inhibition of MDR1 improves antibiotic-mediated killing of M. tuberculosis. CONCLUSION We report a novel finding that M. tuberculosis up-regulates MDR1 during infection, which limits the exposure of M. tuberculosis to sublethal concentrations of antimicrobials. This condition promotes M. tuberculosis survival and potentially enhances the emergence of resistant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Austin Hossfeld
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Abigail Gerberick
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Charu Tiwari
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Smriti Mehra
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana
| | - Latha Prabha Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus.,Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Murugesan V S Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus
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Tarashi S, Badi SA, Moshiri A, Ebrahimzadeh N, Fateh A, Vaziri F, Aazami H, Siadat SD, Fuso A. The inter-talk between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenomics 2020; 12:455-469. [PMID: 32267165 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics regulate gene function without any alteration in the DNA sequence. The epigenetics represent one of the most important regulators in different cellular processes and have initially been developed in microorganisms as a protective strategy. The evaluation of the epigenetic mechanisms is also important in achieving an efficient control strategy in tuberculosis (TB). TB is one of the most significant epidemiological concerns in human history. Despite several in vivo and in vitro studies that have evaluated different epigenetic modifications in TB, many aspects of the association between epigenetics and TB are not fully understood. The current paper is aimed at reviewing our knowledge on histone modifications and DNA methylation modifications, as well as miRNAs regulation in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Institute Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Nayereh Ebrahimzadeh
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinologyand Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Pakshir K, Badali H, Nami S, Mirzaei H, Ebrahimzadeh V, Morovati H. Interactions between immune response to fungal infection and microRNAs: The pioneer tuners. Mycoses 2019; 63:4-20. [PMID: 31597205 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their physiological and biological characteristics, numerous fungi are potentially emerging pathogens. Active dynamicity of fungal pathogens causes life-threatening infections annually impose high costs to the health systems. Although immune responses play crucial roles in controlling the fate of fungal infections, immunocompromised patients are at high risk with high mortality. Tuning the immune response against fungal infections might be an effective strategy for controlling and reducing the pathological damages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as the master regulators of immune response. These single-stranded tuners (18-23 bp non-coding RNAs) are endogenously expressed by all metazoan eukaryotes and have emerged as the master gene expression controllers of at least 30% human genes. In this review article, following the review of biology and physiology (biogenesis and mechanism of actions) of miRNAs and immune response against fungal infections, the interactions between them were scrutinised. In conclusion, miRNAs might be considered as one of the potential goals in immunotherapy for fungal infections. Undoubtedly, advanced studies in this field, further identifying of miRNA roles in governing the immune response, pave the way for inclusion of miRNA-related immunotherapeutic in the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sanam Nami
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Veghar Ebrahimzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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41
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Agarwal RG, Sharma P, Nyati KK. microRNAs in Mycobacterial Infection: Modulation of Host Immune Response and Apoptotic Pathways. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e30. [PMID: 31720041 PMCID: PMC6829074 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our current knowledge of mycobacterial infections in humans has progressively increased over the past few decades. The infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB) disease, which has reasoned for excessive morbidity and mortality worldwide, and has become a foremost issue of health problem globally. Mycobacterium leprae, another member of the family Mycobacteriaceae, is responsible for causing a chronic disease known as leprosy that mainly affects mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, skin, peripheral nerves, and eyes. Ample amount of existing data suggests that pathogenic mycobacteria have skilled in utilizing different mechanisms to escape or offset the host immune responses. They hijack the machinery of immune cells through the modulation of microRNAs (miRs), which regulate gene expression and immune responses of the host. Evidence shows that miRs have now gained considerable attention in the research, owing to their involvement in a broad range of inflammatory processes that are further implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, the knowledge of functions of miRs during mycobacterial infections remains limited. This review summarises recent findings of differential expression of miRs, which are used to good advantage by mycobacteria in offsetting host immune responses generated against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi Girdhar Agarwal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
| | - Kishan Kumar Nyati
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur 342005, India
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42
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Tu H, Yang S, Jiang T, Wei L, Shi L, Liu C, Wang C, Huang H, Hu Y, Chen Z, Chen J, Li Z, Li J. Elevated pulmonary tuberculosis biomarker miR-423-5p plays critical role in the occurrence of active TB by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:448-460. [PMID: 30898038 PMCID: PMC6455132 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1590129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is an effective measure to prevent the spread of tuberculosis. However, the grim fact is that the new, rapid, and safe methods for clinical diagnosis are lacking. Moreover, although auto-lysosome is critical in clearing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the pathological significance of microRNAs, as biomarkers of tuberculosis, in autophagosome maturation is unclear. Here, these microRNAs were investigated by Solexa sequencing and qPCR validation, and a potential diagnostic model was established by logistic regression. Besides that, the mechanism of one of the microRNAs involved in the occurrence of tuberculosis was studied. The results showed that the expression of miR-423-5p, miR-17-5p, and miR-20b-5p were significantly increased in the serum of patients with tuberculosis. The combination of these three microRNAs established a model to diagnose tuberculosis with an accuracy of 78.18%, and an area under the curve value of 0.908. Bioinformatics analysis unveiled miR-423-5p as the most likely candidate in regulating autophagosome maturation. The up-regulation of miR-423-5p could inhibit autophagosome maturation through suppressing autophagosome–lysosome fusion in macrophages. Further investigations showed that VPS33A was the direct target of miR-423-5p, and the two CUGCCCCUC domains in VPS33A 3’-UTR were the direct regulatory sites for miR-423-5p. In addition, an inverse correlation between VPS33A and miR-423-5p was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with tuberculosis. Since the inhibition of autolysosome formation plays a critical role in tuberculosis occurrence, our findings suggests that miR-423-5p could suppress autophagosome–lysosome fusion by post-transcriptional regulation of VPS33A, which might be important for the occurrence of active tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Tu
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Su Yang
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China.,b School of Medicine , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Liliang Wei
- c Department of Pneumology , Shaoxing Municipal Hospital , Shaoxing , People's Republic of China
| | - Liying Shi
- d Department of Clinical Laboratory , Zhejiang Hospital , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Liu
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Wang
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Huai Huang
- b School of Medicine , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Hu
- b School of Medicine , South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjie Li
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Jicheng Li
- a Institute of Cell Biology , Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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Behura A, Mishra A, Chugh S, Mawatwal S, Kumar A, Manna D, Mishra A, Singh R, Dhiman R. ESAT-6 modulates Calcimycin-induced autophagy through microRNA-30a in mycobacteria infected macrophages. J Infect 2019; 79:139-152. [PMID: 31181223 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) has a sumptuous repertoire of effector molecules to counter host defenses. Some of these antigens inhibit autophagy but the exact mechanism of this inhibition is poorly understood. METHODS Purified protein derivative (PPD) was fractionated using 10 (PPD 10, antigenic molecular weight > 10 kDa) and 3 (PPD 3, mol. weight > 3 kDa) kDa cutters. Effect of these fractions on Calcimycin-induced autophagy and intracellular mycobacterial viability was then studied using different experimental approaches. RESULT We found significant downregulation of autophagy by PPD 3 pre-treatment in Calcimycin-treated dTHP-1 cells compared to PPD 10. This reduction in autophagy also corroborated with the enhanced survival of mycobacteria in macrophages. We demonstrate that recombinant early secreted antigenic target 6 (rESAT-6) is responsible to inhibit Calcimycin-induced autophagy and enhance intracellular survival of mycobacteria. We also show that pre-treatment with rESAT-6 upregulates microRNA (miR)-30a-3p expression and vis-a-vis downregulates miR-30a-5p expression in Calcimycin-treated dTHP-1 cells. Transfection studies with either miR-30a-3p inhibitor or miR-30a-5p mimic clearly elucidated the opposing roles of miR-30a-3p and miR-30a-5p in rESAT-6 mediated mycobacterial survival through autophagy inhibition. CONCLUSION Taken together, our result evidently highlights that rESAT-6 enhances intracellular survival of mycobacteria by modulating miR-30a-3p and miR-30a-5p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assirbad Behura
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Abtar Mishra
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Saurabh Chugh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Shradha Mawatwal
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debraj Manna
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- Tuberculosis Research Laboratory, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, PO Box # 4, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rohan Dhiman
- Laboratory of Mycobacterial Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Hewitson JP, Shah KM, Brown N, Grevitt P, Hain S, Newling K, Sharp TV, Kaye PM, Lagos D. miR-132 suppresses transcription of ribosomal proteins to promote protective Th1 immunity. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846620. [PMID: 30833344 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the mechanisms that distinguish protective immunity from pathological chronic inflammation remains a fundamental challenge. miR-132 has been shown to play largely immunoregulatory roles in immunity; however, its role in CD4+ T cell function is poorly understood. Here, we show that CD4+ T cells express high levels of miR-132 and that T cell activation leads to miR-132 up-regulation. The transcriptomic hallmark of splenic CD4+ T cells lacking the miR-132/212 cluster during chronic infection is an increase in mRNA levels of ribosomal protein (RP) genes. BTAF1, a co-factor of B-TFIID and novel miR-132/212-3p target, and p300 contribute towards miR-132/212-mediated regulation of RP transcription. Following infection with Leishmania donovani, miR-132 -/- CD4+ T cells display enhanced expression of IL-10 and decreased IFNγ. This is associated with reduced hepatosplenomegaly and enhanced pathogen load. The enhanced IL-10 expression in miR-132 -/- Th1 cells is recapitulated in vitro following treatment with phenylephrine, a drug reported to promote ribosome synthesis. Our results uncover that miR-132/212-mediated regulation of RP expression is critical for optimal CD4+ T cell activation and protective immunity against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Hewitson
- Centre for Immunology and Infection and York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Kunal M Shah
- Centre of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Najmeeyah Brown
- Centre for Immunology and Infection and York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Paul Grevitt
- Centre of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Sofia Hain
- Centre for Immunology and Infection and York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Katherine Newling
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Bioscience Technology Facility, Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Tyson V Sharp
- Centre of Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Paul M Kaye
- Centre for Immunology and Infection and York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Dimitris Lagos
- Centre for Immunology and Infection and York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York, UK
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45
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Hu X, Liao S, Bai H, Wu L, Wang M, Wu Q, Zhou J, Jiao L, Chen X, Zhou Y, Lu X, Ying B, Zhang Z, Li W. Integrating exosomal microRNAs and electronic health data improved tuberculosis diagnosis. EBioMedicine 2019; 40:564-573. [PMID: 30745169 PMCID: PMC6413343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is difficult to diagnose under complex clinical conditions as electronic health records (EHRs) are often inadequate in making an affirmative diagnosis. As exosomal miRNAs emerged as promising biomarkers, we investigated the potential of using exosomal miRNAs and EHRs in TB diagnosis. Methods A total of 370 individuals, including pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), tuberculous meningitis (TBM), non-TB disease controls and healthy state controls, were enrolled. Exosomal miRNAs were profiled in the exploratory cohort using microarray and miRNA candidates were selected in the selection cohort using qRT-PCR. EHRs and follow-up information of the patients were collected accordingly. miRNAs and EHRs were used to develop diagnostic models for PTB and TBM in the selection cohort with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. These models were further evaluated in an independent testing cohort. Findings Six exosomal miRNAs (miR-20a, miR-20b, miR-26a, miR-106a, miR-191, miR-486) were differentially expressed in the TB patients. Three SVM models, "EHR+miRNA", "miRNA only" and "EHR only" were compared, and "EHR + miRNA" model achieved the highest diagnostic efficacy, with an AUC up to 0.97 (95% CI 0.80–0.99) in TBM and 0.97 (0.87–0.99) in PTB, respectively. However, "EHR only" model only showed an AUC of 0.67 (0.46–0.83) in TBM. After 2-month anti-tuberculosis therapy, overexpressed miRNAs presented a decreased expression trend (p= 4.80 × 10−5). Interpretation Our results showed that the combination of exosomal miRNAs and EHRs could potentially improve clinical diagnosis of TBM and PTB. Fund Funds for the Central Universities, the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shun Liao
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hao Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minjin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaojun Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Zhaolei Zhang
- The Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Niu W, Sun B, Li M, Cui J, Huang J, Zhang L. TLR-4/microRNA-125a/NF-κB signaling modulates the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1931-1945. [PMID: 30153074 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1509636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, could lead to kinds of clinical disorders and remains a leading global health problem, resulting in great morbidity and mortality worldwide. Previous studies have firmly demonstrated that M. tuberculosis (M.tb) has evolved to utilize different mechanisms to evade or attenuate the host immune response, such as regulation of immune-related genes by modulation of miRNAs of host or bacteria. However, the knowledge of functions of miRNAs during M.tb infection remains limited. Here, we reported that a host microRNA, miR-125a, was significantly up-regulated by M.tb infection in both RAW264.7 and THP-1cells, in a TLR4 signaling-dependent manner. Subsequently, our results demonstrated that miR-125a was a negative regulator of NF-kB pathway by directly targeting TRAF6, resulting in the suppression of cytokines, attenuation of immune response and promotion of M.tb survival. Taken together, our findings provide a novel detailed molecular mechanism in which miR-125a was enhanced to inhibit inflammatory cytokines secretion and attenuate the immune response during M.tb infection in RAW264.7 and THP-1 cells, and suggest an intrinsic a promising anti-M.tb therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Niu
- a Department of Tuberculosis , The First Affliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , China
| | - Bing Sun
- a Department of Tuberculosis , The First Affliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , China
| | - Mingying Li
- a Department of Tuberculosis , The First Affliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , China
| | - Junwei Cui
- a Department of Tuberculosis , The First Affliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , China
| | - Jian Huang
- a Department of Tuberculosis , The First Affliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , China
| | - Ligong Zhang
- a Department of Tuberculosis , The First Affliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Weihui , China
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Huang Z, Su R, Qing C, Peng Y, Luo Q, Li J. Plasma Circular RNAs hsa_circ_0001953 and hsa_circ_0009024 as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Active Tuberculosis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2010. [PMID: 30214434 PMCID: PMC6126419 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) could serve as potential molecular markers for disease diagnosis; however, little is known about their diagnostic value in active tuberculosis (TB). This study first performed a microarray screening of circRNA changes in plasma samples from 3 patients with active pulmonary TB and 3 healthy controls. Then, candidate circRNAs were selected for validation on a quantitative real-time PCR system. Of the 61 differentially expressed circRNAs recorded, 43 and 18 were upregulated and downregulated in the TB group, respectively. Validation assays demonstrated that plasma levels of 6 circRNAs, including hsa_circ_0009024, hsa_circ_0001953, hsa_circ_0008297, hsa_circ_0003528, hsa_circ_0003524 and hsa_circ_0015879 were remarkably increased in TB patients. Plasma levels of hsa_circ_0001953 and hsa_circ_0009024 were correlated with TB severity. Next, hsa_circ_0001953 and hsa_circ_0009024 were assessed in an independent cohort consisting of 120 TB patients and 100 control individuals. An area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.915 (95% confidence interval 0.880-0.951; P < 0.001) was obtained for detecting TB, with hsa_circ_0001953 and hsa_circ_0009024 used in combination. Additionally, plasma levels of hsa_circ_0001953 and hsa_circ_0009024 were reduced significantly in patients after treatment (P < 0.001). The present findings indicate that the circRNAs hsa_circ_0001953 and hsa_circ_0009024 may represent novel plasma biomarkers for active TB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Rigu Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Qing
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiping Peng
- Department of Tuberculosis, Jiangxi Chest Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Junming Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Yang T, Ge B. miRNAs in immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cancer Lett 2018; 431:22-30. [PMID: 29803788 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most fatal infectious diseases, affecting one third of the world's population. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has a well-established ability to circumvent the host's immune system for its long-term intracellular survival. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial post-transcriptional regulators of immune response. They act by negatively regulating the expression levels of important genes in both innate and adaptive immunity. It has been established in recent studies that the host immune response against Mtb is regulated by many miRNAs, most of which are induced by Mtb infection. Moreover, differential expression of miRNA in tuberculosis (TB) patients may help distinguish between TB patients and healthy individuals or latent TB. In this review, we present the recent advancements on the miRNA regulation of the host responses against Mtb infection, as well as the potential of miRNAs to as biomarkers for TB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoxue Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tongji University Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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49
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miRNAs reshape immunity and inflammatory responses in bacterial infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:14. [PMID: 29844933 PMCID: PMC5968033 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause various infections worldwide, especially in immunocompromised and other susceptible individuals, and are also associated with high infant mortality rates in developing countries. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs with evolutionarily conserved sequences, are expressed in various tissues and cells that play key part in various physiological and pathologic processes. Increasing evidence implies roles for miRNAs in bacterial infectious diseases by modulating inflammatory responses, cell penetration, tissue remodeling, and innate and adaptive immunity. This review highlights some recent intriguing findings, ranging from the correlation between aberrant expression of miRNAs with bacterial infection progression to their profound impact on host immune responses. Harnessing of dysregulated miRNAs in bacterial infection may be an approach to improving the diagnosis, prevention and therapy of infectious diseases. Changes in production of tiny cellular RNAs in response to bacterial infection could guide the development of better diagnostics and therapies. MicroRNAs regulate other genes by binding to messenger RNA strands and controlling their translation into proteins. Xikun Zhou, Min Wu and colleagues of the University of North Dakota have now reviewed current knowledge about how microRNA levels shift during infection with various bacterial pathogens. These microRNAs can modulate the immune response as well as pathways that influence metabolic activity and cell survival. Increasing studies have indicated that shifts in microRNA levels in response to different infections could provide a potential bacterial ‘fingerprint’ for achieving accurate diagnosis. With deeper insight into how different microRNAs influence infection, it might one day day become possible to target these molecules with ‘antisense’ or ‘agonist’ drugs that modulate their activity.
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50
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Barry SE, Ellis M, Yang Y, Guan G, Wang X, Britton WJ, Saunders BM. Identification of a plasma microRNA profile in untreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients that is modulated by anti-mycobacterial therapy. J Infect 2018; 77:341-348. [PMID: 29746939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE microRNA expression profiles are of interest as a biomarker of tuberculosis (TB). How anti-TB therapy effects miRNA profiles is unknown and was examined. METHODS We identified 87 plasma miRNAs that were significantly modified in an exploratory group of 19 Chinese pulmonary TB (PTB) patients compared to 14 healthy controls. We selected 10 of these miRNAs for analysis in a cohort of 100 PTB patients prior to, and at one, two and six months during treatment. RESULTS Five miRNAs were differentially expressed in PTB patients compared to controls at diagnosis; miRs -29a and -99b were up-regulated, whilst miRs -21, -146a and -652 were down-regulated. A combination of 5 miRNA distinguished TB from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 94%, a specificity of 88%, and an AUC of 0.976. Within one month of treatment, significant changes in miRs -29a, -99b, -26a and 146a levels occurred in successfully treated patients, although not all miRNAs returned to baseline by treatment completion. CONCLUSION A 5-miRNA signature shows potential for development as a novel biomarker for TB disease with potential to predict response to treatment. The failure of all miRNA to return to baseline levels may reflect ongoing remodelling in the lung parenchyma that continues after completion of anti-TB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone E Barry
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked Bag No 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - Magda Ellis
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked Bag No 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia
| | - YuRong Yang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, PR China; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QLD, Australia
| | - Guangyu Guan
- Ningxia Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Infectious Disease Hospital of Ningxia, Yinchuan, 7500004, PR China
| | - Warwick J Britton
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked Bag No 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Bernadette M Saunders
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Locked Bag No 6, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia; School of Life Science, University of Technology, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia.
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