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Weitoft M, Kadefors M, Stenberg H, Tufvesson E, Diamant Z, Rolandsson Enes S, Bjermer L, Rosmark O, Westergren-Thorsson G. Plasma proteome changes linked to late phase response after inhaled allergen challenge in asthmatics. Respir Res 2022; 23:50. [PMID: 35248034 PMCID: PMC8897854 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01968-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of individuals with allergic asthma develops a late phase response (LPR) to inhaled allergens, which is characterized by a prolonged airway obstruction, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the plasma proteome and circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells associated with the LPR following inhaled allergen challenge. METHODS Serial plasma samples from asthmatics undergoing inhaled allergen challenge were analyzed by mass spectrometry and immunosorbent assays. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mass spectrometry data were analyzed using a linear regression to model the relationship between airway obstruction during the LPR and plasma proteome changes. Data from immunosorbent assays were analyzed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Out of 396 proteins quantified in plasma, 150 showed a statistically significant change 23 h post allergen challenge. Among the most upregulated proteins were three protease inhibitors: alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and plasma serine protease inhibitor. Altered levels of 13 proteins were associated with the LPR, including increased factor XIII A and decreased von Willebrand factor. No relationship was found between the LPR and changes in the proportions of classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Allergic reactions to inhaled allergens in asthmatic subjects were associated with changes in a large proportion of the measured plasma proteome, whereof protease inhibitors showed the largest changes, likely to influence the inflammatory response. Many of the proteins altered in relation to the LPR are associated with coagulation, highlighting potential mechanistic targets for future treatments of type-2 asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Weitoft
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Måns Kadefors
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henning Stenberg
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ellen Tufvesson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Zuzana Diamant
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Clin Pharm and Pharmacol, University of Groningen, Univ Med Ctr Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sara Rolandsson Enes
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Bjermer
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Division of Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Ud-Din S, Wilgus TA, Bayat A. Mast Cells in Skin Scarring: A Review of Animal and Human Research. Front Immunol 2020; 11:552205. [PMID: 33117341 PMCID: PMC7561364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.552205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are an important immune cell type in the skin and play an active role during wound healing. MCs produce mediators that can enhance acute inflammation, stimulate re-epithelialisation as well as angiogenesis, and promote skin scarring. There is also a link between MCs and abnormal pathological cutaneous scarring, with increased numbers of MCs found in hypertrophic scars and keloid disease. However, there has been conflicting data regarding the specific role of MCs in scar formation in both animal and human studies. Whilst animal studies have proved to be valuable in studying the MC phenomenon in wound healing, the appropriate translation of these findings to cutaneous wound healing and scar formation in human subjects remains crucial to elucidate the role of these cells and target treatment effectively. Therefore, this perspective paper will focus on evaluation of the current evidence for the role of MCs in skin scarring in both animals and humans in order to identify common themes and future areas for translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ud-Din
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Traci A Wilgus
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ardeshir Bayat
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Research, Centre for Dermatology Research, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,MRC-SA Wound Healing Unit, Division of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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3
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Poole LG, Pant A, Cline‐Fedewa HM, Williams KJ, Copple BL, Palumbo JS, Luyendyk JP. Liver fibrosis is driven by protease-activated receptor-1 expressed by hepatic stellate cells in experimental chronic liver injury. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2020; 4:906-917. [PMID: 32685902 PMCID: PMC7354391 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood coagulation protease activity is proposed to drive hepatic fibrosis through activation of protease-activated receptors (PARs). Whole-body PAR-1 deficiency reduces experimental hepatic fibrosis, and in vitro studies suggest a potential contribution by PAR-1 expressed by hepatic stellate cells. However, owing to a lack of specific tools, the cell-specific role of PAR-1 in experimental hepatic fibrosis has never been formally investigated. Using a novel mouse expressing a conditional PAR-1 allele, we tested the hypothesis that PAR-1 expressed by hepatic stellate cells contributes to hepatic fibrosis. METHODS PAR-1flox/flox mice were crossed with mice expressing Cre recombinase controlled by the lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) promoter, which induces recombination in hepatic stellate cells. Male PAR-1flox/flox/LRATCre and PAR-1flox/flox mice were challenged twice weekly with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4, 1 mL/kg i.p.) for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. RESULTS PAR-1 mRNA levels were reduced (>95%) in hepatic stellate cells isolated from PAR-1flox/flox/LRATCre mice. Hepatic stellate cell activation was evident in CCl4-challenged PAR-1flox/flox mice, indicated by increased α-smooth muscle actin labeling and induction of several profibrogenic genes. CCl4-challenged PAR-1flox/flox mice displayed robust hepatic collagen deposition, indicated by picrosirius red staining and type I collagen immunolabeling. Notably, stellate cell activation and collagen deposition were significantly reduced (>30%) in PAR-1flox/flox/LRATCre mice. Importantly, the reduction in liver fibrosis was not a consequence of reduced acute CCl4 hepatotoxicity in PAR-1flox/flox/LRATCre mice. CONCLUSIONS The results constitute the first direct experimental evidence that PAR-1 expressed by stellate cells directly promotes their profibrogenic phenotype and hepatic fibrosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G. Poole
- Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Asmita Pant
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Holly M. Cline‐Fedewa
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Kurt J. Williams
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Bryan L. Copple
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Joseph S. Palumbo
- Cancer and Blood Diseases InstituteCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of MedicineCincinnatiOHUSA
| | - James P. Luyendyk
- Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
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Garvil MP, Furtado TCDS, Lima NBD, Marteleto MVM, Faria JBD, Rodrigues DBR, Pereira SADL. Although with intact mucosa at colonoscopy, chagasic megacolons have an overexpression of Gal-3. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2020; 18:eAO5105. [PMID: 32159607 PMCID: PMC7046340 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ao5105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the density of anti-galectin-3-immunostained cells, collagen percentage, mast cell density and presence of pathological processes in intestinal muscle biopsies of patients. Methods Thirty-five patients who underwent intestinal biopsy were selected from 1997 to 2015. Patients were divided into three groups: chagasic patients with mucosal lesion (n=13), chagasic patients with intact mucosa (n=12) and non-chagasic patients with no mucosal lesion (n=10). Histological processing of the biopsied fragments and immunohistochemistry for galectin-3 were performed. Additional sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to evaluate the general pathological processes, picrosirius for evaluation of collagen and toluidine blue to evaluate the mast cell density. Results Patients of mucosal lesion group had a significantly higher frequency of ganglionitis and myositis when compared to the chagasic patients with intact mucosa and non-chagasic group. The density of anti-galectin-3-immunostained cells was significantly higher in the chagasic patients with intact mucosa group when compared to the non-chagasic group. The group of chagasic patients with intact mucosa presented a higher percentage of collagen in relation to the patients with mucosal lesion and to the non-chagasic group, with a significant difference. There was no significant difference in mast cell density among the three groups. Conclusion The higher density of anti-galectin-3-immunostained cells in patients in the chagasic patients with intact mucosa group suggested the need for greater attention in clinical evaluation of these patients, since this protein is associated with neoplastic transformation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues
- Universidade de Uberaba , Uberaba , MG , Brazil .,Centro de Educação Profissional - Cefores, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , MG , Brazil
| | - Sanívia Aparecida de Lima Pereira
- Universidade de Uberaba , Uberaba , MG , Brazil .,Centro de Educação Profissional - Cefores, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro , Uberaba , MG , Brazil
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El Ayadi A, Jay JW, Prasai A. Current Approaches Targeting the Wound Healing Phases to Attenuate Fibrosis and Scarring. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031105. [PMID: 32046094 PMCID: PMC7037118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous fibrosis results from suboptimal wound healing following significant tissue injury such as severe burns, trauma, and major surgeries. Pathologic skin fibrosis results in scars that are disfiguring, limit normal movement, and prevent patient recovery and reintegration into society. While various therapeutic strategies have been used to accelerate wound healing and decrease the incidence of scarring, recent studies have targeted the molecular regulators of each phase of wound healing, including the inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases. Here, we reviewed the most recent literature elucidating molecular pathways that can be targeted to reduce fibrosis with a particular focus on post-burn scarring. Current research targeting inflammatory mediators, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and regulators of myofibroblast differentiation shows promising results. However, a multimodal approach addressing all three phases of wound healing may provide the best therapeutic outcome.
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Identification of unexplored substrates of the serine protease, thrombin, using N-terminomics strategy. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 144:449-459. [PMID: 31862363 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function and regulation of thrombin is a complex as well as an intriguing aspect of evolution and has captured the interest of many investigators over the years. The reported substrates of thrombin are coagulation factors V, VIII, XI, XIII, protein C and fibrinogen. However, these may not be all the substrate of thrombin and therefore its functional role(s), may not have been completely comprehended. The purpose of our study was to identify hitherto unreported substrates of thrombin from human plasma using a N-terminomics protease substrate identification method. We identified 54 putative substrates of thrombin of which 12 are already known and 42 are being reported for the first time. Amongst the proteins identified, recombinant siglec-6 and purified serum alpha-1-acid glycoprotein were validated by cleavage with thrombin. We have discussed the probable relevance of siglec-6 cleavage by thrombin in human placenta mostly because an upregulation in the expression of siglec-6 and thrombin has been reported in the placenta of preeclampsia patients. We also speculate the role of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein cleavage by thrombin in the acute phase as alpha-1-acid glycoprotein is known to be an inhibitor of platelet aggregation whereas thrombin is known to trigger platelet aggregation.
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Weng Y, Lou J, Liu X, Lin S, Xu C, Du C, Tang L. Effects of high glucose on proliferation and function of circulating fibrocytes: Involvement of CXCR4/SDF‑1 axis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:927-938. [PMID: 31257476 PMCID: PMC6657976 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to further investigate the effects of high glucose on the function of circulating fibrocytes and its underlying mechanisms. The total peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from normal glucose tolerance patients and type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Circulating fibrocytes were stimulated with different glucose concentrations for different time periods (24, 48 and 72 h). Cell proliferation was determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) was detected by western blotting. The expression of COL-I was detected by flow cytometry. The apoptotic bodies of cells were detected by fluorescence microscopy after Hoechst33258 staining. The invasive and migration abilities of fibrocytes were detected by Transwell chamber assay. Secretion of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) was measured by ELISA. The circulating fibrocytes showed a typical spindle-shape and were double-positive for cluster of differentiation 45 (green) and COL-I (red). Compared with the 5.5 mmol/l glucose group, a high glucose concentration significantly promoted the proliferation of circulating fibrocytes and showed the most significant effects at 30 mmol/l after treatment for 48 h. AMD3100 showed no effects on the proliferation of circulating fibrocytes. Flow cytometry revealed that 30 mmol/l glucose significantly promoted the expression of COL-I vs. 5.5 mmol/l glucose group (P<0.01), while AMD3100 reversed this (P<0.05). Hoechst33258 staining showed no differences in the apoptotic bodies between experimental groups (P>0.05). Western blotting revealed that the expression of CTGF was decreased significantly by AMD3100 pretreatment (P<0.01). Transwell chamber assay showed that 30 mmol/l glucose significantly promoted the invasive and transfer abilities (P<0.01) of fibrocytes when compared with the 5.5 mmol/l glucose group. While AMD3100 reversed the cell migratory effects induced by high glucose (P<0.01). In addition, the secretion of SDF-1 stimulated by 30 mmol/l glucose DMEM showed no differences compared with 5.5 mmol/l glucose DMEM (P>0.05). High glucose stimulated the expressions of CTGF and COL-I, and promoted migration of circulating fibrocytes via the CXC chemokine receptor 4/SDF-1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzheng Weng
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Jiangjie Lou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Senna Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Chenkai Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Du
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
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Suess PM, Chinea LE, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Extracellular Polyphosphate Promotes Macrophage and Fibrocyte Differentiation, Inhibits Leukocyte Proliferation, and Acts as a Chemotactic Agent for Neutrophils. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:493-499. [PMID: 31160533 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrocytes are monocyte-derived fibroblast like cells that participate in wound healing, but little is known about what initiates fibrocyte differentiation. Blood platelets contain 60-100-mer polymers of phosphate groups called polyphosphate, and when activated, platelets induce blood clotting (the first step in wound healing) in part by the release of polyphosphate. We find that activated platelets release a factor that promotes fibrocyte differentiation. The factor is abolished by treating the crude platelet factor with the polyphosphate-degrading enzyme polyphosphatase, and polyphosphate promotes fibrocyte differentiation. Macrophages and recruited neutrophils also potentiate wound healing, and polyphosphate also promotes macrophage differentiation and induces chemoattraction of neutrophils. In support of the hypothesis that polyphosphate is a signal that affects leukocytes, we observe saturable binding of polyphosphate to these cells. Polyphosphate also inhibits leukocyte proliferation and proteasome activity. These results suggest new roles for extracellular polyphosphate as a mediator of wound healing and inflammation and also provide a potential link between platelet activation and the progression of fibrosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Suess
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Luis E Chinea
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
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Shen L, Lei S, Huang L, Li S, Yi S, Breitzig M, Huang M, Mo X, Sun H, Zheng Q, Tian J, Czachor A, Wang F. Therapeutic effects of the rhSOD2-Hirudin fusion protein on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:77-89. [PMID: 30831079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with a poor prognosis and high mortality, posing a major threat to human health. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and coagulation cascade have been extensively reported in IPF. We previously fused Hirudin and human manganese superoxide dismutase (hSOD2) to generate a dual-feature fusion protein, denoted as rhSOD2-Hirudin fusion protein. In this study, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) and Hydroxyproline (HYP) assays were used to investigate the effects of rhSOD2-Hirudin protein on thrombin-induced fibroblast proliferation and collagen accumulation in vitro. Subsequently, the mice model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin was used for evaluating the anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects of rhSOD2-Hirudin protein in vivo. Results showed that rhSOD2-Hirudin protein could inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts and reduce the HYP production in vitro by inhibiting the activity of thrombin. In vivo experiments showed that lung inflammation and fibrosis were significantly decreased in rhSOD2-Hirudin protein-treated mice. Furthermore, rhSOD2-Hirudin protein treatment reduced profibrotic protein and gene expression while reducing the number of inflammatory cells in the lung. In conclusion, rhSOD2-Hirudin protein can effectively attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo, mainly by inhibiting the activity of thrombin meanwhile increasing SOD2 levels prevent cells from being damaged by reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating IPF progression. This study provided important information on the feasibility and efficacy of rhSOD2-Hirudin protein as a novel therapeutic agent for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghua Shen
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Sijia Lei
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Luyuan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Shuaiguang Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shanze Yi
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Mason Breitzig
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 19, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Meiyan Huang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xuemei Mo
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianing Tian
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Alexander Czachor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 19, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), College of pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Department of Internal Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC 19, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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10
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Rijal R, Consalvo KM, Lindsey CK, Gomer RH. An endogenous chemorepellent directs cell movement by inhibiting pseudopods at one side of cells. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:242-255. [PMID: 30462573 PMCID: PMC6589559 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-09-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic chemoattraction signal transduction pathways, such as those used by Dictyostelium discoideum to move toward cAMP, use a G protein-coupled receptor to activate multiple conserved pathways such as PI3 kinase/Akt/PKB to induce actin polymerization and pseudopod formation at the front of a cell, and PTEN to localize myosin II to the rear of a cell. Relatively little is known about chemorepulsion. We previously found that AprA is a chemorepellent protein secreted by Dictyostelium cells. Here we used 29 cell lines with disruptions of cAMP and/or AprA signal transduction pathway components, and delineated the AprA chemorepulsion pathway. We find that AprA uses a subset of chemoattraction signal transduction pathways including Ras, protein kinase A, target of rapamycin (TOR), phospholipase A, and ERK1, but does not require the PI3 kinase/Akt/PKB and guanylyl cyclase pathways to induce chemorepulsion. Possibly as a result of not using the PI3 kinase/Akt/PKB pathway and guanylyl cyclases, AprA does not induce actin polymerization or increase the pseudopod formation rate, but rather appears to inhibit pseudopod formation at the side of cells closest to the source of AprA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Rijal
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474
| | - Kristen M Consalvo
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474
| | | | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474
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11
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Dupin I, Contin-Bordes C, Berger P. Fibrocytes in Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Variations on the Same Theme. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 58:288-298. [PMID: 29087726 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0301ps] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrocytes are circulating cells that have fibroblast properties. They are produced by the bone marrow stroma, and they move from the blood to injured organs using multiple chemokine pathways. They exhibit marked functional and phenotypic plasticity in response to the local tissue microenvironment to ensure a proinflammatory or a more resolving phenotype. They can adopt immune cell properties and modulate conventional immune cell functions. Although their exact function is not always clear, they have emerged as key effector cells in several fibrotic diseases such as keloid, scleroderma, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recent evidence suggests that fibrocytes could contribute to bronchial obstructive diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This review summarizes the reported roles of fibrocytes and their pathways into the lung in the context of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, provides an overview of the different roles played by fibrocytes, and discusses their possible contributions to these obstructive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Dupin
- 1 Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio thoracique de Bordeaux, F 33000 Bordeaux, France.,2 INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, F 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Contin-Bordes
- 3 CHU de Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunogénétique, F 33000, Bordeaux, France.,4 CNRS UMR5164 ImmunoConcEpT, Université de Bordeaux , F 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Patrick Berger
- 1 Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio thoracique de Bordeaux, F 33000 Bordeaux, France.,2 INSERM, Centre de Recherche Cardio thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, F 33000 Bordeaux, France.,5 CHU de Bordeaux, Service d'exploration fonctionnelle respiratoire, CIC 1401, F 33604 Pessac, France
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12
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White MJV, Chinea LE, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Protease activated-receptor 2 is necessary for neutrophil chemorepulsion induced by trypsin, tryptase, or dipeptidyl peptidase IV. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:119-128. [PMID: 29345066 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0717-308r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to neutrophil chemoattractants, relatively little is known about the mechanism neutrophils use to respond to chemorepellents. We previously found that the soluble extracellular protein dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a neutrophil chemorepellent. In this report, we show that an inhibitor of the protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) blocks DPPIV-induced human neutrophil chemorepulsion, and that PAR2 agonists such as trypsin, tryptase, 2f-LIGRL, SLIGKV, and AC55541 induce human neutrophil chemorepulsion. Several PAR2 agonists in turn block the ability of the chemoattractant fMLP to attract neutrophils. Compared to neutrophils from male and female C57BL/6 mice, neutrophils from male and female mice lacking PAR2 are insensitive to the chemorepulsive effects of DPPIV or PAR2 agonists. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) involves an insult-mediated influx of neutrophils into the lungs. In a mouse model of ARDS, aspiration of PAR2 agonists starting 24 h after an insult reduce neutrophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, as well as the post-BAL lung tissue. Together, these results indicate that the PAR2 receptor mediates DPPIV-induced chemorepulsion, and that PAR2 agonists might be useful to induce neutrophil chemorepulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J V White
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Luis E Chinea
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Darrell Pilling
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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13
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da Silva AA, Teixeira TL, Teixeira SC, Machado FC, Dos Santos MA, Tomiosso TC, Tavares PCB, Brígido RTES, Martins FA, Silva NSDL, Rodrigues CC, Roque-Barreira MC, Mortara RA, Lopes DS, Ávila VDMR, da Silva CV. Galectin-3: A Friend but Not a Foe during Trypanosoma cruzi Experimental Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:463. [PMID: 29164071 PMCID: PMC5675870 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi interacts with host cells, including cardiomyocytes, and induces the production of cytokines, chemokines, metalloproteinases, and glycan-binding proteins. Among the glycan-binding proteins is Galectin-3 (Gal-3), which is upregulated after T. cruzi infection. Gal-3 is a member of the lectin family with affinity for β-galactose containing molecules; it can be found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm and can be either membrane-associated or secreted. This lectin is involved in several immunoregulatory and parasite infection process. Here, we explored the consequences of Gal-3 deficiency during acute and chronic T. cruzi experimental infection. Our results demonstrated that lack of Gal-3 enhanced in vitro replication of intracellular parasites, increased in vivo systemic parasitaemia, and reduced leukocyte recruitment. Moreover, we observed decreased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleen and heart of infected Gal-3 knockout mice. Lack of Gal-3 also led to elevated mast cell recruitment and fibrosis of heart tissue. In conclusion, galectin-3 expression plays a pivotal role in controlling T. cruzi infection, preventing heart damage and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Thaise L Teixeira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Samuel C Teixeira
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Fabrício C Machado
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marlus A Dos Santos
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C Tomiosso
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Paula C B Tavares
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Rebecca T E Silva Brígido
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Flávia Alves Martins
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Nadjania S de Lira Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.,Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cassiano C Rodrigues
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Maria C Roque-Barreira
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato A Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiana S Lopes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Veridiana de Melo Rodrigues Ávila
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Claudio V da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
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14
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Just SA, Lindegaard H, Hejbøl EK, Davidsen JR, Bjerring N, Hansen SWK, Schrøder HD, Hansen IMJ, Barington T, Nielsen C. Fibrocyte measurement in peripheral blood correlates with number of cultured mature fibrocytes in vitro and is a potential biomarker for interstitial lung disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Respir Res 2017; 18:141. [PMID: 28720095 PMCID: PMC5516315 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be a severe extra-articular disease manifestation in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). A potential role of fibrocytes in RA associated ILD (RA-ILD) has not previously been described. We present a modified faster method for measuring circulating fibrocytes, without intracellular staining. The results are compared to the traditional culture method, where the number of monocytes that differentiate into mature fibrocytes in vitro are counted. The results are following compared to disease activity in patients with severe asthma, ILD, RA (without diagnosed ILD) and RA with verified ILD (RA-ILD). Method CD45+ CD34+ CD11b+ (7-AAD− CD3− CD19− CD294−) cells were isolated by cell sorting and stained for pro-collagen type 1. Thirty-nine patients (10 RA, 9 ILD and 10 with severe asthma, 10 with RA-ILD) and 10 healthy controls (HC) were included. Current medication, disease activity, pulmonary function test and radiographic data were collected. Circulating fibrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and cultured for 5 days and the numbers of mature fibrocytes were counted. Results 90.2% (mean, SD = 1.5%) of the sorted cells were pro-collagen type 1 positive and thereby fulfilled the criteria for being circulating fibrocytes. The ILD and RA-ILD groups had increased levels of circulating fibrocytes compared to HC (p < 0.05). Levels of circulating fibrocytes correlated overall to number of monocytes that subsequently in vitro differentiated to mature fibrocytes (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). RA patients with pathologically reduced diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide adjusted for hemoglobin (DLCOc) in both the RA and in the combined RA + RA-ILD group, had significantly higher levels of both circulating and number of cultured mature fibrocytes (both p < 0.05). In both groups, the level of circulating fibrocytes and number of mature fibrocytes in culture also correlated to a reduction in DLCOc (r = −0.61 an r = −0.58 both p < 0.05). Conclusions We presented a fast and valid method for measuring circulating fibrocytes using flow cytometry on lysed peripheral blood. Further, we showed for the first time, that the level of circulating fibrocytes correlated with the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, that differentiated into mature fibrocytes in vitro. Reduced DLCOc was correlated with high levels of circulating and mature fibrocytes in RA, which have not been reported previously. In such, this study suggests that fibrocytes may exhibit an important role in the pathogenesis of RA-ILD, which requires further clarification in future studies. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02711657, registered 13/3–2016, retrospectively registered. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0623-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanne Lindegaard
- Department Rheumatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jesper Rømhild Davidsen
- South Danish Center for Interstitial Lung Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Bjerring
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Torben Barington
- Department Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN), Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Nielsen
- Department Clinical Immunology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Niranjan R, Thakur AK. The Toxicological Mechanisms of Environmental Soot (Black Carbon) and Carbon Black: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways. Front Immunol 2017; 8:763. [PMID: 28713383 PMCID: PMC5492873 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The environmental soot and carbon blacks (CBs) cause many diseases in humans, but their underlying mechanisms of toxicity are still poorly understood. Both are formed after the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but differ in their constituents and percent carbon contents. For the first time, “Sir Percival Pott” described soot as a carcinogen, which was subsequently confirmed by many others. The existing data suggest three main types of diseases due to soot and CB exposures: cancer, respiratory diseases, and cardiovascular dysfunctions. Experimental models revealed the involvement of oxidative stress, DNA methylation, formation of DNA adducts, and Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation as the key mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced cancers. Metals including Si, Fe, Mn, Ti, and Co in soot also contribute in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage. Mechanistically, ROS-induced DNA damage is further enhanced by eosinophils and neutrophils via halide (Cl− and Br−) dependent DNA adducts formation. The activation of pulmonary dendritic cells, T helper type 2 cells, and mast cells is crucial mediators in the pathology of soot- or CB-induced respiratory disease. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were also found to modulate T cells functions in respiratory diseases. Particularly, telomerase reverse transcriptase was found to play the critical role in soot- and CB-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. In this review, we propose integrated mechanisms of soot- and CB-induced toxicity emphasizing the role of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. We also suggest use of antioxidants and PUFAs as protective strategies against soot- and CB-induced disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituraj Niranjan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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16
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Lin C, Borensztajn K, Spek CA. Targeting coagulation factor receptors - protease-activated receptors in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:597-607. [PMID: 28079978 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease with a 5-year mortality rate of > 50% and unknown etiology. Treatment options remain limited and, currently, only two drugs are available, i.e. nintedanib and pirfenidone. However, both of these antifibrotic agents only slow down the progression of the disease, and do not remarkably prolong the survival of IPF patients. Hence, the discovery of new therapeutic targets for IPF is crucial. Studies exploring the mechanisms that are involved in IPF have identified several possible targets for therapeutic interventions. Among these, blood coagulation factor receptors, i.e. protease-activated receptors (PARs), are key candidates, as these receptors mediate the cellular effects of coagulation factors and play central roles in influencing inflammatory and fibrotic responses. In this review, we will focus on the controversial role of the coagulation cascade in the pathogenesis of IPF. In the light of novel data, we will attempt to reconciliate the apparently conflicting data and discuss the possibility of pharmacologic targeting of PARs for the treatment of fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lin
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - K Borensztajn
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Inserm UMR1152, Medical School Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
- Département Hospitalo-universtaire FIRE (Fibrosis, Inflammation and Remodeling) and LabEx Inflamex, Paris, France
| | - C A Spek
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Serum Amyloid P Contained in Alveolar Fluid From Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Mediates the Inhibition of Monocyte Differentiation into Fibrocyte. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:e563-73. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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White MJV, Gomer RH. Trypsin, Tryptase, and Thrombin Polarize Macrophages towards a Pro-Fibrotic M2a Phenotype. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138748. [PMID: 26407067 PMCID: PMC4583378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For both wound healing and the formation of a fibrotic lesion, circulating monocytes enter the tissue and differentiate into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes and pro-fibrotic M2a macrophages, which together with fibroblasts form scar tissue. Monocytes can also differentiate into classically activated M1 macrophages and alternatively activated M2 macrophages. The proteases thrombin, which is activated during blood clotting, and tryptase, which is released by activated mast cells, potentiate fibroblast proliferation and fibrocyte differentiation, but their effect on macrophages is unknown. Here we report that thrombin, tryptase, and the protease trypsin bias human macrophage differentiation towards a pro-fibrotic M2a phenotype expressing high levels of galectin-3 from unpolarized monocytes, or from M1 and M2 macrophages, and that these effects appear to operate through protease-activated receptors. These results suggest that proteases can initiate scar tissue formation by affecting fibroblasts, fibrocytes, and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. V. White
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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19
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White MJV, Roife D, Gomer RH. Galectin-3 Binding Protein Secreted by Breast Cancer Cells Inhibits Monocyte-Derived Fibrocyte Differentiation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2015; 195:1858-67. [PMID: 26136428 PMCID: PMC4530092 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To metastasize, tumor cells often need to migrate through a layer of collagen-containing scar tissue which encapsulates the tumor. A key component of scar tissue and fibrosing diseases is the monocyte-derived fibrocyte, a collagen-secreting profibrotic cell. To test the hypothesis that invasive tumor cells may block the formation of the fibrous sheath, we determined whether tumor cells secrete factors that inhibit monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation. We found that the human metastatic breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 secretes activity that inhibits human monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation, whereas less aggressive breast cancer cell lines secrete less of this activity. Purification indicated that Galectin-3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) is the active factor. Recombinant LGALS3BP inhibits monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation, and immunodepletion of LGALS3BP from MDA-MB 231 conditioned media removes the monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation-inhibiting activity. LGALS3BP inhibits the differentiation of monocyte-derived fibrocytes from wild-type mouse spleen cells, but not from SIGN-R1(-/-) mouse spleen cells, suggesting that CD209/SIGN-R1 is required for the LGALS3BP effect. Galectin-3 and galectin-1, binding partners of LGALS3BP, potentiate monocyte-derived fibrocyte differentiation. In breast cancer biopsies, increased levels of tumor cell-associated LGALS3BP were observed in regions of the tumor that were invading the surrounding stroma. These findings suggest LGALS3BP and galectin-3 as new targets to treat metastatic cancer and fibrosing diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/pharmacology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Culture Media, Conditioned
- Female
- Galectin 1/metabolism
- Galectin 3/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/pharmacology
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Mice
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J V White
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and
| | - David Roife
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Richard H Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; and
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