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Xu P, Du Z, Xie X, Yang L, Zhang J. Cancer marker TNFRSF1A: From single‑cell heterogeneity of renal cell carcinoma to functional validation. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:425. [PMID: 39021735 PMCID: PMC11253100 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
During the progression of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), tumor growth, metastasis and treatment response heterogeneity are regulated by both the tumor itself and the tumor microenvironment (TME). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the TME in RCC and construct a crosstalk network for clear cell RCC (ccRCC). An additional aim was to evaluate whether TNF receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) is a potential therapeutic target for ccRCC. Single-cell data analysis of RCC was performed using the GSE152938 dataset, focusing on key cellular components and their involvement in the ccRCC TME. Additionally, cell-cell communication was analyzed to elucidate the complex network of the ccRCC microenvironment. Analyses of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium databases were performed to further mine the key TNF receptor genes, with a particular focus on the prediction and assessment of the cancer-associated features of TNFRSF1A. In addition, following the silencing of TNFRSF1A using small interfering RNA in the 786-O ccRCC cell line, a number of in vitro experiments were conducted to further investigate the cancer-promoting characteristics of TNFRSF1A. These included 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation, Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, Transwell, cell cycle and apoptosis assays. The TNF signaling pathway was found to have a critical role in the development of ccRCC. Based on the specific crosstalk identified between TNF and TNFRSF1A, the communication of this signaling pathway within the TME was elucidated. The results of the cellular phenotype experiments indicated that TNFRSF1A promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of ccRCC cells. Consequently, it is proposed that targeting TNFRSF1A may disrupt tumor progression and serve as a therapeutic strategy. In conclusion, by understanding the TME and identifying significant crosstalk within the TNF signaling pathway, the potential of TNFRSF1A as a therapeutic target is highlighted. This may facilitate an advance in precision medicine and improve the prognosis for patients with RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315153, P.R. China
| | - Zusheng Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315153, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315153, P.R. China
| | - Lifei Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315153, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Ningbo Yinzhou No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315153, P.R. China
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da Silva PB, Romão-Veiga M, Ribeiro-Vasques VR, Peraçoli JC, Peraçoli MTS, Amaral LM. Progesterone modulates TNF receptors expression by Jurkat cells cultured with plasma from pregnant women with preeclampsia. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111701. [PMID: 38382266 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Pregnant women with preeclampsia (PE) present a shift in the immune response to an inflammatory profile. This deviation could be due to the interaction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) with TNFR1 and TNFR2 receptors, besides the failure in modulation of inflammation regulatory mechanisms. This study evaluated the effects of progesterone on the expression of TNFR1 and TNFR2 by Jurkat cells after stimulation with plasma from PE and normotensive (NT) pregnant women. Jurkat cells were cultured with or without progesterone in a medium containing 20% (v/v) plasma from PE or NT women. The expression of TNF receptors was evaluated by flow cytometry. The concentration of soluble forms of TNF receptors and cytokines was determined in culture supernatant and plasma by ELISA. The plasma of PE women showed significantly higher concentrations of sTNFR1 and TNF and lower concentrations of sTNFR2 compared to the NT group. TNFR1 receptor expression was increased in Jurkat cells, while TNFR2 was decreased after culture with PE plasma when compared with Jurkat cells cultured with progesterone and plasma from NT women. The concentration of sTNFR1, TNF, and IL-10 in the culture supernatant of Jurkat cells was increased after culture with PE plasma, while the sTNFR2 receptor was decreased when compared to the NT group. Results demonstrate that in preeclamptic women a systemic inflammation occurs with an increase of inflammatory molecules, and progesterone may have a modulating effect on the expression of TNF receptors, shifting Jurkat cells towards an anti-inflammatory profile with greater expression of TNFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia B da Silva
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Romão-Veiga
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa R Ribeiro-Vasques
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José C Peraçoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria T S Peraçoli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lorena M Amaral
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center-UMMC, Jackson, MS, USA.
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De Stefano L, Pallavicini FB, Mauric E, Piccin V, Vismara EM, Montecucco C, Bugatti S. Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor-related immune disorders. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103332. [PMID: 37062440 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Biotechnological monoclonal antibodies and receptor antagonists capable of targeting specific inflammatory actors, such as cytokines, cytokines receptors, co-stimulatory molecules or leukocyte populations, have emerged as an alternative to conventional therapies for treating systemic inflammatory diseases with immune pathogenesis. However, there is no doubt that, with a frequency that is not exceptionally high but also not negligible, immunotherapies can favour the development of systemic and organ-specific immune-mediated disorders. It has become increasingly evident that interference with a specific immune pathway may favour the activation of opposing compensatory signalling, which may exacerbate underlying subclinical disorders or cause immune-mediated diseases completely different from the underlying disease. The 'compensatory immunological switch' has emerged primarily in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α inhibitors, the first biological drugs approved for treating systemic inflammatory diseases with immune pathogenesis. In this Review, we describe the clinical features and predisposing factors of the main TNF-α inhibitor-related immune disorders, organising them into subclinical serological autoimmunity, autoimmune disorders other than those for which TNF-α inhibitors are indicated, and paradoxical reactions. We also discuss the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and precautions for use in the therapeutic management of these patients. Better understanding of the complex phenomenon of the 'compensatory immunological switch', which TNF-α inhibitors and other biological drugs might trigger, can help not only appropriately managing immune-mediated disorders, but also better interpreting the heterogeneity of the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying certain chronic inflammatory conditions that, although different from each other, are arbitrarily placed in the context of overly generic nosological entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico De Stefano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Eleonora Mauric
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Veronica Piccin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Vismara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carlomaurizio Montecucco
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Bugatti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Quazi S. TNFR2 antagonist and agonist: a potential therapeutics in cancer immunotherapy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:215. [PMID: 36175687 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01772-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 or TNFR2 is considered an appealing target protein due to its limited frequency to TREGs, which are highly immunosuppressive and present on human malignancies. Numerous studies have revealed that TNFR2 is primarily found on MDSCs (myeloid-derived suppressor cells) and CD + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (TREGs). Therefore, it has great importance in the proliferation and functional activity of TREGs and MDSCs. TNFR2 suppression must be downregulated or upregulated as required to treat malignancies and diseases like autoimmune disorders. Therefore, at the molecular level, advances in the comprehension of TNFR2's complex structure and its binding to TNF have opened the door to structure-guided drug development. Two critical obstacles to cancer treatment are the dearth of TREG-specific inhibitors and the lack of widely applicable ways to target tumours via frequently expressed surface oncogenes directly. Many researchers have discovered potential antagonists and agonists of TNFR2, which were successful in inhibiting TREGs proliferation, reducing soluble TNFR2 secretion from normal cells, and expanding T effector cells. The data represented in the following review article elucidates the clinically administrated TNFR2 antagonist and agonist in treating cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Quazi
- GenLab Biosolutions Private Limited, Bangalore, 560043, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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5
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Korlimarla A, Ps H, Prabhu J, Ragulan C, Patil Y, Vp S, Desai K, Mathews A, Appachu S, Diwakar RB, Bs S, Melcher A, Cheang M, Sadanandam A. Comprehensive characterization of immune landscape of Indian and Western triple negative breast cancers. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101511. [PMID: 35964339 PMCID: PMC9386467 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease with a significant challenge to effectively manage in the clinic worldwide. Immunotherapy may be beneficial to TNBC patients if responders can be effectively identified. Here we sought to elucidate the immune landscape of TNBCs by stratifying patients into immune-specific subtypes (immunotypes) to decipher the molecular and cellular presentations and signaling events of this heterogeneous disease and associating them with their clinical outcomes and potential treatment options. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We profiled 730 immune genes in 88 retrospective Indian TNBC samples using the NanoString platform, established immunotypes using non-negative matrix factorization-based machine learning approach, and validated them using Western TNBCs (n=422; public datasets). Immunotype-specific gene signatures were associated with clinicopathological features, immune cell types, biological pathways, acute/chronic inflammatory responses, and immunogenic cell death processes. Responses to different immunotherapies associated with TNBC immunotypes were assessed using cross-cancer comparison to melanoma (n=504). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and pan-macrophage spatial marker expression were evaluated. RESULTS We identified three robust transcriptome-based immunotypes in both Indian and Western TNBCs in similar proportions. Immunotype-1 tumors, mainly representing well-known claudin-low and immunomodulatory subgroups, harbored dense TIL infiltrates and T-helper-1 (Th1) response profiles associated with smaller tumors, pre-menopausal status, and a better prognosis. They displayed a cascade of events, including acute inflammation, damage-associated molecular patterns, T-cell receptor-related and chemokine-specific signaling, antigen presentation, and viral-mimicry pathways. On the other hand, immunotype-2 was enriched for Th2/Th17 responses, CD4+ regulatory cells, basal-like/mesenchymal immunotypes, and an intermediate prognosis. In contrast to the two T-cell enriched immunotypes, immunotype-3 patients expressed innate immune genes/proteins, including those representing myeloid infiltrations (validated by spatial immunohistochemistry), and had poor survival. Remarkably, a cross-cancer comparison analysis revealed the association of immunotype-1 with responses to anti-PD-L1 and MAGEA3 immunotherapies. CONCLUSION Overall, the TNBC immunotypes identified in TNBCs reveal different prognoses, immune infiltrations, signaling, acute/chronic inflammation leading to immunogenic cell death of cancer cells, and potentially distinct responses to immunotherapies. The overlap in immune characteristics in Indian and Western TNBCs suggests similar efficiency of immunotherapy in both populations if strategies to select patients according to immunotypes can be further optimized and implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Korlimarla
- St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India; Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Hari Ps
- St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India; Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jyoti Prabhu
- St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Chanthirika Ragulan
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Yatish Patil
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Snijesh Vp
- St. John's Research Institute, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Krisha Desai
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Aju Mathews
- MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, Kerala, India
| | - Sandhya Appachu
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi B Diwakar
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Srinath Bs
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bangalore, India
| | - Alan Melcher
- Centre for Translational Immunotherapy, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Maggie Cheang
- Clinical Trials and Statistical Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Anguraj Sadanandam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Translational Immunotherapy, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; Centre for Global Oncology, Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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6
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Kouyoumdjian A, Tchervenkov J, Paraskevas S. TFNR2 in Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, Rejection, and Tolerance in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:903913. [PMID: 35874723 PMCID: PMC9300818 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.903913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) has been shown to play a crucial role in CD4+ T regulatory cells (CD4+Tregs) expansion and suppressive function. Increasing evidence has also demonstrated its role in a variety of immune regulatory cell subtypes such as CD8+ T regulatory cells (CD8+ Tregs), B regulatory cells (Bregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). In solid organ transplantation, regulatory immune cells have been associated with decreased ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), improved graft survival, and improved overall outcomes. However, despite TNFR2 being studied in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there remains paucity of data in the context of solid organ transplantation and islet cell transplantation. Interestingly, TNFR2 signaling has found a clinical application in islet transplantation which could guide its wider use. This article reviews the current literature on TNFR2 expression in immune modulatory cells as well as IRI, cell, and solid organ transplantation. Our results highlighted the positive impact of TNFR2 signaling especially in kidney and islet transplantation. However, further investigation of TNFR2 in all types of solid organ transplantation are required as well as dedicated studies on its therapeutic use during induction therapy or treatment of rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araz Kouyoumdjian
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Araz Kouyoumdjian,
| | - Jean Tchervenkov
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Steven Paraskevas
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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7
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Signaling pathway(s) of TNFR2 required for the immunoregulatory effect of CD4 +Foxp3 + regulatory T cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108823. [PMID: 35623290 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells, are engaged in maintaining the periphery tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. Recent studies showed that tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is preferentially expressed by Tregs and the expression of this receptor identifies the maximally suppressive Tregs. That is, TNFR2 is a liable phenotypic and functional surface marker of Tregs. Moreover, TNF activates and expands Tregs through TNFR2. However, it is very interesting which signaling pathway(s) of TNFR2 is required for the inhibitory effect of Tregs. Compelling evidence shows three TNFR2 signaling pathways in Tregs, including NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K-Akt pathways. Here, we summarize and discuss the latest progress in the studies on the downstream signaling pathways of TNF-TNFR2 for controlling Treg homeostasis, differentiation and proliferation.
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8
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Ghosh R, Dey R, Sawoo R, Bishayi B. Neutralization of IL-17 and treatment with IL-2 protects septic arthritis by regulating free radical production and antioxidant enzymes in Th17 and Tregs: An immunomodulatory TLR2 versus TNFR response. Cell Immunol 2021; 370:104441. [PMID: 34628221 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2021.104441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a destructive joint disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Synovial inflammation involved Th17 proliferation and down regulation of Treg population, thus resolution of inflammation targeting IL-17 may be important to control arthritis. Endogenous inhibition of IL-17 to regulate arthritic inflammation correlating with Th17/Treg cells TLR2 and TNFRs are not done. The role of SOD, CAT and GRx in relation to ROS production during arthritis along with expression of TLR2, TNFR1/TNFR2 in Th17/Treg cells of mice treated with IL-17A Ab/ IL-2 were studied. Increased ROS, reduced antioxidant enzyme activity was found in Th17 cells of SA infected mice whereas Treg cells of IL-17A Ab/ IL-2 treated group showed opposite effects. Neutralization of IL-17 after arthritis cause decreased TNFR1 and increased TNFR2 expression in Treg cells. Thus, neutralization of IL-17 or IL-2 treatment regulates septic arthritis by enhancing anti-inflammatory properties of Treg via antioxidant balance and modulating TLR2/TNFR response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Ghosh
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajen Dey
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Ritasha Sawoo
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India
| | - Biswadev Bishayi
- Department of Physiology, Immunology Laboratory, University of Calcutta, University Colleges of Science and Technology, 92 APC Road, Calcutta 700009, West Bengal, India.
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Roy M, Singh R. TRIMs: selective recruitment at different steps of the NF-κB pathway-determinant of activation or resolution of inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6069-6086. [PMID: 34283248 PMCID: PMC11072854 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway is an essential component of innate and adaptive immune pathway, and it is tightly regulated by various post-translational modifications including ubiquitination. Oscillations in NF-κB activation and temporal gene expression are emerging as critical determinants of inflammatory response, however, the regulators of unique outcomes in different patho-physiological conditions are not well understood. Tripartite Motif-containing proteins (TRIMs) are RING domain-containing E3 ligases involved in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, metabolism, cell death, inflammation, and host defence. Emerging reports suggest that TRIMs are recruited at different steps of TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway and modulate via their E3 ligase activity. TRIMs show synergy and antagonism in the regulation of the NF-κB pathway and also regulate it in a feedback manner. TRIMs also regulate pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) mediated inflammatory pathways and may have evolved to directly regulate a specific arm of immune signalling. The review emphasizes TRIM-mediated ubiquitination and modulation of TNF-α-regulated temporal and NF-κB signaling and its possible impact on unique transcriptional and functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Roy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India
- Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, MRB 731, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rajesh Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The MS University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, 390002, India.
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10
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Insights into the biology and therapeutic implications of TNF and regulatory T cells. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:487-504. [PMID: 34226727 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatments that block tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have major beneficial effects in several autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, some patients do not respond to TNF inhibitor treatment and rare occurrences of paradoxical disease exacerbation have been reported. These limitations on the clinical efficacy of TNF inhibitors can be explained by the differences between TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNFR2 signalling and by the diverse effects of TNF on multiple immune cells, including FOXP3+ regulatory T cells. This basic knowledge sheds light on the consequences of TNF inhibitor therapies on regulatory T cells in treated patients and on the limitations of such treatment in the control of diseases with an autoimmune component. Accordingly, the next generation of drugs targeting TNF is likely to be based on agents that selectively block the binding of TNF to TNFR1 and on TNFR2 agonists. These approaches could improve the treatment of rheumatic diseases in the future.
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11
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Yeremenko N. Out of the shadow of interleukin-17A: the role of interleukin-17F and other interleukin-17 family cytokines in spondyloarthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 33:333-340. [PMID: 34001692 PMCID: PMC8183488 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The last decade has witnessed tremendous advances in revealing an important role for the interleukin (IL)-17 cytokine family in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis (SpA). Although most attention has been focused on IL-17A, a potential role of other IL-17 family members in inflammation and tissue remodelling is emerging. Herein, I review recent studies covering the role of IL-17B-F cytokines in the pathogenesis of SpA. RECENT FINDINGS Several recent studies provided new insights into the cellular source, regulation and function of IL-17F. IL-17F/IL-17A expression ratio is higher in psoriatic skin compared to SpA synovitis. IL-17F-expressing T cells produce different proinflammatory mediators than IL-17A-expressing cells, and IL-17F and IL-17A signal through different receptor complex. Dual IL-17A and IL-17F neutralization resulted in greater suppression of downstream inflammatory and tissue remodelling responses. Furthermore, there is additional evidence of IL-23-independent IL-17 production. In contrast to IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-17C, which play proinflammatory roles in skin and joint inflammation, an anti-inflammatory function is proposed for IL-17D. An increase in IL-17E is associated with subclinical gut microbiome alterations after anti-IL-17A therapy in SpA patients. SUMMARY IL-17 family cytokines may act as agonists or antagonists to IL-17A contributing in concert to local inflammatory responses. Understanding their function and identifying their cellular sources, and molecular mechanisms driving their expression will be the key to designing rational therapies in SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Yeremenko
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Silvagni E, Missiroli S, Perrone M, Patergnani S, Boncompagni C, Bortoluzzi A, Govoni M, Giorgi C, Alivernini S, Pinton P, Scirè CA. From Bed to Bench and Back: TNF-α, IL-23/IL-17A, and JAK-Dependent Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Psoriatic Synovitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:672515. [PMID: 34211394 PMCID: PMC8241099 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.672515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated disease with a burdensome impact on quality of life and substantial healthcare costs. To date, pharmacological interventions with different mechanisms of action, including conventional synthetic (cs), biological (b), and targeted synthetic (ts) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), have been proven efficacious, despite a relevant proportion of failures. The current approach in clinical practice and research is typically "predictive": the expected response is based on stratification according to clinical, imaging, and laboratory data, with a "heuristic" approach based on "trial and error". Several available therapeutic options target the TNF-α pathway, while others are directed against the IL-23/IL-17A axis. Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKis), instead, simultaneously block different pathways, endowing these drugs with a potentially "broad-spectrum" mechanism of action. It is not clear, however, whether targeting a specific pathway (e.g., TNF-α or the IL-23/IL-17 axis) could result in discordant effects over other approaches. In particular, in the case of "refractory to a treatment" patients, other pathways might be hyperactivated, with opposing, synergistic, or redundant biological significance. On the contrary, refractory states could be purely resistant to treatment as a whole. Since chronic synovitis is one of the primary targets of inflammation in PsA, synovial biomarkers could be useful in depicting specific biological characteristics of the inflammatory burden at the single-patient level, and despite not yet being implemented in clinical practice, these biomarkers might help in selecting the proper treatment. In this narrative review, we will provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge in the field of psoriatic synovitis regarding studies investigating the relationships among different activated proinflammatory processes suitable for targeting by different available drugs. The final objective is to clarify the state of the art in the field of personalized medicine for psoriatic disease, aiming at moving beyond the current treatment schedules toward a patient-centered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Silvagni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
| | - Sonia Missiroli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Boncompagni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bortoluzzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
| | - Marcello Govoni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
| | - Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Alivernini
- Rheumatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Experimental Medicine, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Alberto Scirè
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Ferrara and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna, Cona, Italy
- Epidemiology Research Unit, Italian Society for Rheumatology, Milan, Italy
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13
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Yang Y, Islam MS, Hu Y, Chen X. TNFR2: Role in Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:103-122. [PMID: 33907692 PMCID: PMC8071081 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s255224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4) and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1), represent a turning point in the cancer immunotherapy. However, only a minor fraction of patients could derive benefit from such therapy. Therefore, new strategies targeting additional immune regulatory mechanisms are urgently needed. CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) represent a major cellular mechanism in cancer immune evasion. There is compelling evidence that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor type II (TNFR2) plays a decisive role in the activation and expansion of Tregs and other types of immunosuppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Furthermore, TNFR2 is also expressed by some tumor cells. Emerging experimental evidence indicates that TNFR2 may be a therapeutic target to enhance naturally occurring or immunotherapeutic-triggered anti-tumor immune responses. In this article, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the mechanistic basis underlying the Treg-boosting effect of TNFR2. The role of TNFR2-expressing highly suppressive Tregs in tumor immune evasion and their possible contribution to the non-responsiveness to checkpoint treatment are analyzed. Moreover, the role of TNFR2 expression on tumor cells and the impact of TNFR2 signaling on other types of cells that shape the immunological landscape in the tumor microenvironment, such as MDSCs, MSCs, ECs, EPCs, CD8+ CTLs, and NK cells, are also discussed. The reports revealing the effect of TNFR2-targeting pharmacological agents in the experimental cancer immunotherapy are summarized. We also discuss the potential opportunities and challenges for TNFR2-targeting immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Sahidul Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR, 999078, People's Republic of China
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14
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Ticha O, Slanina P, Moos L, Stichova J, Vlkova M, Bekeredjian-Ding I. TNFR2 expression is a hallmark of human memory B cells with suppressive function. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1195-1205. [PMID: 33609401 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (TNFR2) expression is increasingly being linked to tolerogenic immune reactions and cells with suppressor function including a subset of T-regulatory cells. B-regulatory cells play an important role in control of T-cell responses and inflammation. Recently, we described TNFR2 as a marker for IL-10-producing B cells, a hallmark of this cell subset. Here, we demonstrate that proliferation of T cells is reduced in the presence of TNFR2 positive human memory B cells generated with TLR9 ligand, while TNFR2- and TNFR2+CD27- B cells display costimulatory activity. Our data further reveal that IL-10 secretion is characteristic of IgM+ naïve and memory B cells but suppressive activity is not restricted to IL-10: (i) the inhibitory effect of TNFR2+ switched memory B cells was comparable to that exerted by TNFR2+ IgM+ memory B cells although IL-10 secretion levels in the cocultures were lower; (ii) supernatants from TNFR2+ memory B cells failed to suppress T-cell proliferation. Based on our findings, we propose that formation of Breg is a specific characteristic of human memory B cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Our data further corroborate that TNFR2 represents a viable marker for identification of memory B cells with regulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ticha
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Peter Slanina
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Moos
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Julie Stichova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Vlkova
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St. Anne's Faculty Hospital, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Isabelle Bekeredjian-Ding
- Division of Microbiology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Rolski F, Błyszczuk P. Complexity of TNF-α Signaling in Heart Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3267. [PMID: 33053859 PMCID: PMC7601316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart disease is a leading cause of death with unmet clinical needs for targeted treatment options. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) represents a master pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in many immunopathogenic processes. Anti-TNF-α therapy is widely used in treating autoimmune inflammatory disorders, but in case of patients with heart disease, this treatment was unsuccessful or even harmful. The underlying reasons remain elusive until today. This review summarizes the effects of anti-TNF-α treatment in patients with and without heart disease and describes the involvement of TNF-α signaling in a number of animal models of cardiovascular diseases. We specifically focused on the role of TNF-α in specific cardiovascular conditions and in defined cardiac cell types. Although some mechanisms, mainly in disease development, are quite well known, a comprehensive understanding of TNF-α signaling in the failing heart is still incomplete. Published data identify pathogenic and cardioprotective mechanisms of TNF-α in the affected heart and highlight the differential role of two TNF-α receptors pointing to the complexity of the TNF-α signaling. In the light of these findings, it seems that targeting the TNF-α pathway in heart disease may show therapeutic benefits, but this approach must be more specific and selectively block pathogenic mechanisms. To this aim, more research is needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of TNF-α signaling in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Rolski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-663 Cracow, Poland;
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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16
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Fischer R, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K. Selective Targeting of TNF Receptors as a Novel Therapeutic Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:401. [PMID: 32528961 PMCID: PMC7264106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a central regulator of immunity. Due to its dominant pro-inflammatory effects, drugs that neutralize TNF were developed and are clinically used to treat inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and psoriasis. However, despite their clinical success the use of anti-TNF drugs is limited, in part due to unwanted, severe side effects and in some diseases its use even is contraindicative. With gaining knowledge about the signaling mechanisms of TNF and the differential role of the two TNF receptors (TNFR), alternative therapeutic concepts based on receptor selective intervention have led to the development of novel protein therapeutics targeting TNFR1 with antagonists and TNFR2 with agonists. These antibodies and bio-engineered ligands are currently in preclinical and early clinical stages of development. Preclinical data obtained in different disease models show that selective targeting of TNFRs has therapeutic potential and may be superior to global TNF blockade in several disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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17
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Jensen S, Seidelin JB, LaCasse EC, Nielsen OH. SMAC mimetics and RIPK inhibitors as therapeutics for chronic inflammatory diseases. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/619/eaax8295. [PMID: 32071170 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax8295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic approaches for chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis are needed because current treatments are often suboptimal in terms of both efficacy and the risks of serious adverse events. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are E3 ubiquitin ligases that inhibit cell death pathways and are themselves inhibited by second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC). SMAC mimetics (SMs), small-molecule antagonists of IAPs, are being evaluated as cancer therapies in clinical trials. IAPs are also crucial regulators of inflammatory pathways because they influence both the activation of inflammatory genes and the induction of cell death through the receptor-interacting serine-threonine protein kinases (RIPKs), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Furthermore, there is an increasing interest in specifically targeting the substrates of IAP-mediated ubiquitylation, especially RIPK1, RIPK2, and RIPK3, as druggable nodes in inflammation control. Several studies have revealed an anti-inflammatory potential of RIPK inhibitors that either block inflammatory signaling or block the form of inflammatory cell death known as necroptosis. Expanding research on innate immune signaling through pattern recognition receptors that stimulate proinflammatory NF-κB and MAPK signaling may further contribute to uncovering the complex molecular roles used by IAPs and downstream RIPKs in inflammatory signaling. This may benefit and guide the development of SMs or selective RIPK inhibitors as anti-inflammatory therapeutics for various chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Jensen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jakob Benedict Seidelin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Eric Charles LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Ole Haagen Nielsen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, 1 Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
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18
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Raphael I, Gomez-Rivera F, Raphael RA, Robinson RR, Nalawade S, Forsthuber TG. TNFR2 limits proinflammatory astrocyte functions during EAE induced by pathogenic DR2b-restricted T cells. JCI Insight 2019; 4:132527. [PMID: 31852844 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.132527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease where the underlying mechanisms driving disease progression have remained unresolved. HLA-DR2b (DRB1*15:01) is the most common genetic risk factor for MS. Additionally, TNF and its receptors TNFR1 and TNFR2 play key roles in MS and its preclinical animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). TNFR2 is believed to ameliorate CNS pathology by promoting remyelination and Treg function. Here, we show that transgenic mice expressing the human MHC class II (MHC-II) allele HLA-DR2b and lacking mouse MHC-II and TNFR2 molecules, herein called DR2bΔR2, developed progressive EAE, while disease was not progressive in DR2b littermates. Mechanistically, expression of the HLA-DR2b favored Th17 cell development, whereas T cell-independent TNFR2 expression was critical for restraining of an astrogliosis-induced proinflammatory milieu and Th17 cell responses, while promoting remyelination. Our data suggest the TNFR2 signaling pathway as a potentially novel mechanism for curtailing astrogliosis and promoting remyelination, thus providing new insights into mechanisms limiting progressive MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Raphael
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Children's Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Francisco Gomez-Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rebecca A Raphael
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rachel R Robinson
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Saisha Nalawade
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas G Forsthuber
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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19
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Padutsch T, Sendetski M, Huber C, Peters N, Pfizenmaier K, Bethea JR, Kontermann RE, Fischer R. Superior Treg-Expanding Properties of a Novel Dual-Acting Cytokine Fusion Protein. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1490. [PMID: 31920671 PMCID: PMC6930692 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are caused by uncontrolled endogenous immune responses against healthy cells. They may develop due to an impaired function of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which normally suppress self-specific effector immune cells. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been identified as key players that promote expansion, function, and stability of Tregs. In vivo, both low-dose IL-2 therapy and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) agonism were shown to expand Tregs and alleviate autoimmunity. We here designed a novel dimeric dual-acting fusion cytokine, where mouse IL-2 is genetically linked to a TNFR2-selective single-chain TNF mutein (IL2-EHD2-sc-mTNFR2). IL2-EHD2-sc-mTNFR2 showed high affinity to TNFR2 and efficiently activated IL-2 and TNFR2-selective signaling pathways. Further, IL2-EHD2-sc-mTNFR2 promoted superior Treg expansion, with both the IL-2 and the TNFR2 agonist (sc-mTNFR2) component necessary for this biological response. Ultimately, we propose that IL2-EHD2-sc-mTNFR2 is a dual-acting cytokine that efficiently promotes Treg expansion and might have a superior therapeutic window than conventional IL-2-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Padutsch
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maksim Sendetski
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carina Huber
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nathalie Peters
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Fischer
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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20
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TNF receptor 2 signaling prevents DNA methylation at the Foxp3 promoter and prevents pathogenic conversion of regulatory T cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21666-21672. [PMID: 31597740 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1909687116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Chronic inflammation is associated with reduced Foxp3 expression, function, and loss of phenotypic stability. Previous studies have established the importance of TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) in the generation and/or activation of Treg cells. In this study, we assess the importance of TNFR2 in healthy mice and under inflammatory conditions. Our findings reveal that, in health, TNFR2 is important not only for the generation of Treg cells, but also for regulating their functional activity. We also show that TNFR2 maintains Foxp3 expression in Treg cells by restricting DNA methylation at the Foxp3 promoter. In inflammation, loss of TNFR2 results in increased severity and chronicity of experimental arthritis, reduced total numbers of Treg cells, reduced accumulation of Treg cells in inflamed joints, and loss of inhibitory activity. In addition, we demonstrate that, under inflammatory conditions, loss of TNFR2 causes Treg cells to adopt a proinflammatory Th17-like phenotype. It was concluded that TNFR2 signaling is required to enable Treg cells to promote resolution of inflammation and prevent them from undergoing dedifferentiation. Consequently, TNFR2-specific agonists or TNF1-specific antagonists may be useful in the treatment of autoimmune disease.
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21
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Fischer R, Padutsch T, Bracchi-Ricard V, Murphy KL, Martinez GF, Delguercio N, Elmer N, Sendetski M, Diem R, Eisel ULM, Smeyne RJ, Kontermann RE, Pfizenmaier K, Bethea JR. Exogenous activation of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 promotes recovery from sensory and motor disease in a model of multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 81:247-259. [PMID: 31220564 PMCID: PMC6754799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is a transmembrane receptor that promotes immune modulation and tissue regeneration and is recognized as a potential therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, TNFR2 also contributes to T effector cell function and macrophage-TNFR2 recently was shown to promote disease development in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. We here demonstrate that systemic administration of a TNFR2 agonist alleviates peripheral and central inflammation, and reduces demyelination and neurodegeneration, indicating that protective signals induced by TNFR2 exceed potential pathogenic TNFR2-dependent responses. Our behavioral data show that systemic treatment of female EAE mice with a TNFR2 agonist is therapeutic on motor symptoms and promotes long-term recovery from neuropathic pain. Mechanistically, our data indicate that TNFR2 agonist treatment follows a dual mode of action and promotes both suppression of CNS autoimmunity and remyelination. Strategies based on the concept of exogenous activation of TNFR2 therefore hold great promise as a new therapeutic approach to treat motor and sensory disease in MS as well as other inflammatory diseases or neuropathic pain conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Autoimmunity/immunology
- Demyelinating Diseases/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Inflammation/pathology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Neuralgia/pathology
- Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/agonists
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Fischer
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Tanja Padutsch
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | | | - Kayla L Murphy
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - George F Martinez
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Niky Delguercio
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Nicholas Elmer
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Maksim Sendetski
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Ricarda Diem
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; CCU Neurooncoloy, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard J Smeyne
- Department of Neurosciences, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Roland E Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfizenmaier
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Stuttgart Research Center Systems Biology, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - John R Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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22
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TNFR2 promotes Treg-mediated recovery from neuropathic pain across sexes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:17045-17050. [PMID: 31391309 PMCID: PMC6708347 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902091116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine that induces signaling via two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. TNF signaling via TNFR1 contributes to development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Here, we show that TNFR2 is essential for recovery from neuropathic pain across sexes. Treatment of male and female neuropathic mice with a TNFR2 agonist resulted in long-lasting recovery from neuropathic pain. We identified Tregs as the cellular mediator of the analgesic effect of TNFR2. Indeed, TNFR2 agonist administration alleviated peripheral and central inflammation and promoted neuroprotection in a Treg-dependent manner, indicating that TNFR2-dependent modulation of immunity is neuroprotective. We therefore argue that TNFR2 agonists might be a class of nonopioid drugs that can promote long-lasting pain recovery in males and females. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) is a transmembrane receptor that is linked to immune modulation and tissue regeneration. Here, we show that TNFR2 essentially promotes long-term pain resolution independently of sex. Genetic deletion of TNFR2 resulted in impaired neuronal regeneration and chronic nonresolving pain after chronic constriction injury (CCI). Further, pharmacological activation of TNFR2 using the TNFR2 agonist EHD2-sc-mTNFR2 in mice with chronic neuropathic pain promoted long-lasting pain recovery. TNFR2 agonist treatment reduced neuronal injury, alleviated peripheral and central inflammation, and promoted repolarization of central nervous system (CNS)-infiltrating myeloid cells into an antiinflammatory/reparative phenotype. Depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) delayed spontaneous pain recovery and abolished the therapeutic effect of EHD2-sc-mTNFR2. This study therefore reveals a function of TNFR2 in neuropathic pain recovery and demonstrates that both TNFR2 signaling and Tregs are essential for pain recovery after CCI. Therefore, therapeutic strategies based on the concept of enhancing TNFR2 signaling could be developed into a nonopioid therapy for the treatment of chronic neuropathic pain.
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Inflammatory Responses Reprogram T REGS Through Impairment of Neuropilin-1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10429. [PMID: 31320680 PMCID: PMC6639378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46934-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory insults compromise immune cell responses and ultimately contribute to pathologic outcomes. Clinically, it has been suggested that bone debris and implant particles, such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), which are persistently released following implant surgery evoke heightened immune, inflammatory, and osteolytic responses that contribute to implant failure. However, the precise mechanism underlying this pathologic response remains vague. TREGS, the chief immune-suppressive cells, express the transcription factor Foxp3 and are potent inhibitors of osteoclasts. Using an intra-tibial injection model, we show that PMMA particles abrogate the osteoclast suppressive function of TREGS. Mechanistically, PMMA particles induce TREG instability evident by reduced expression of Foxp3. Importantly, intra-tibial injection of PMMA initiates an acute innate immune and inflammatory response, yet the negative impact on TREGS by PMMA remains persistent. We further show that PMMA enhance TH17 response at the expense of other T effector cells (TEFF), particularly TH1. At the molecular level, gene expression analysis showed that PMMA particles negatively regulate Nrp-1/Foxo3a axis to induce TREG instability, to dampen TREG activity and to promote phenotypic switch of TREGS to TH17 cells. Taken together, inflammatory cues and danger signals, such as bone and implant particles exacerbate inflammatory osteolysis in part through reprogramming TREGS.
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Mancusi A, Alvarez M, Piccinelli S, Velardi A, Pierini A. TNFR2 signaling modulates immunity after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 47:54-61. [PMID: 31122819 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) signaling through TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) plays a complex immune regulatory role in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). TNF-α is rapidly released in the circulation after the conditioning regimen with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. It activates the function of donor alloreactive T cells and donor Natural Killer cells and promotes graft versus tumor effects. However, donor alloreactive T cells also attack host tissues and cause graft versus host disease (GVHD), a life-threatening complication of HCT. Indeed, anti-TNF-α therapy has been used to treat steroid-refractory GVHD. Recent studies have highlighted another role for TNFR2 signaling, as it enhances the function of immune cells with suppressive properties, in particular CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Various clinical trials are employing Treg-based treatments to prevent or treat GVHD. The present review will discuss the effects of TNFR2 signaling in the setting of allogeneic HCT, the implications for the use of anti-TNF-α therapy to treat GVHD and the clinical perspectives of strategies that specifically target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Mancusi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Piccinelli
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Andrea Velardi
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Antonio Pierini
- Hematology and Clinical Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.
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25
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Differential roles of TNFα-TNFR1 and TNFα-TNFR2 in the differentiation and function of CD4 +Foxp3 + induced Treg cells in vitro and in vivo periphery in autoimmune diseases. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:27. [PMID: 30631042 PMCID: PMC6328545 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α is a multifunctional cytokine with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Increasing evidence suggests that thymus-derived, natural regulatory T cells (nTreg) express a remarkably high level of TNF Receptor 2 (TNFR2) and TNFα modulates the number or function of nTreg via TNFR2 in autoimmune diseases. Nonetheless, Treg cells consist of at least nTreg and iTreg that are induced in the periphery or in vitro and two subsets may have different biological characteristics. However, the role of TNF-TNFR signaling in development and function of these iTreg cells is less clear. In this study, we systemically studied the effect of TNFα and its receptor signals on iTreg differentiation, proliferation, and function in vitro and in vivo. We further investigated the expression and requirement of TNFR1 or TNFR2 expression on iTreg by utilizing TNFR1-/- and TNFR2-/- mice. We found that exogenous TNFα facilitated iTreg differentiation and function in vitro. TNFR2 deficiency hampered iTreg differentiation, proliferation, and function, while TNFR1 deficiency decreased the differentiation of inflammatory T cells such as Th1 and Th17 cells but maintained the regulatory capabilities of iTreg both in vitro and in vivo. Using colitis model, we also revealed TNFR2 but not TNFR1 deficiency compromised the iTreg functionality. Interestingly, inflammation affects TNFR expression on nTreg but not iTreg subset. Our results demonstrate that exogenous TNFα may enhance the differentiation and function of iTreg via TNFR2 signaling. The expression of TNFR2 on Treg might be downregulated in some autoimmune diseases, accompanied by an increased level of TNFR1. Thus, TNFR2 agonists or TNFR1-specific antagonists hold a potential promise for clinical application in treating patients with autoimmune diseases.
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26
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Yan L, Zheng D, Xu RH. Critical Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Signaling in Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1658. [PMID: 30079066 PMCID: PMC6062591 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been broadly used as a therapy for autoimmune disease in both animal models and clinical trials. MSCs inhibit T effector cells and many other immune cells, while activating regulatory T cells, thus reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and repressing inflammation. TNF can modify the MSC effects via two TNF receptors, i.e., TNFR1 in general mediates pro-inflammatory effects and TNFR2 mediates anti-inflammatory effects. In the central nervous system, TNF signaling plays a dual role, which enhances inflammation via TNFR1 on immune cells while providing cytoprotection via TNFR2 on neural cells. In addition, the soluble form of TNFR1 and membrane-bound TNF also participate in the regulation to fine-tune the functions of target cells. Other factors that impact TNF signaling and MSC functions include the gender of the host, disease course, cytokine concentrations, and the length of treatment time. This review will introduce the fascinating progress in this aspect of research and discuss remaining questions and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Dejin Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ren-He Xu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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27
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Rodríguez-Cerdeira C, Carnero-Gregorio M, López-Barcenas A, Fabbrocini G, Sanchez-Blanco E, Alba-Menendez A, Roberto Arenas G. Interleukin-2 and other cytokines in candidiasis: expression, clinical significance, and future therapeutic targets. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2018. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2018.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Nelson A, Cunha C, Nishimura MI, Iwashima M. Activated human Foxp3 + regulatory T cells produce membrane-bound TNF. Cytokine 2018; 111:454-459. [PMID: 29885993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
TNF is a multifunctional cytokine that is critical to host defense against pathogens but can also drive the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases. Inhibition of TNF occasionally causes exacerbation of some autoimmune diseases, suggesting a role for TNF in the regulation of immune homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate that human peripheral blood CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) express membrane-bound TNF, a potent activator of the type 2 TNF receptor. While the type 1 TNF receptor can cause cell death and is expressed ubiquitously, the type 2 receptor promotes cell growth and its expression is limited mainly to immune and endothelial cells. When autocrine TNF is blocked in an in vitro culture without IL-2, activated Tregs stop proliferating. These data indicate a novel role for TNF as a Treg-derived autocrine growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nelson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Christina Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Michael I Nishimura
- Department of Surgery, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, USA
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, USA; Van Kampen Cardiopulmonary Research Laboratory, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, USA.
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29
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Maroof A, Patel DD. TNF-α-induced protein 3 (A20): The immunological rheostat. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:401-402. [PMID: 29859964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Maroof
- New Medicines, UCB Biopharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium, and Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Dhavalkumar D Patel
- New Medicines, UCB Biopharma, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium, and Slough, United Kingdom.
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30
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Pegoretti V, Baron W, Laman JD, Eisel ULM. Selective Modulation of TNF-TNFRs Signaling: Insights for Multiple Sclerosis Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:925. [PMID: 29760711 PMCID: PMC5936749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity develops when self-tolerance mechanisms are failing to protect healthy tissue. A sustained reaction to self is generated, which includes the generation of effector cells and molecules that destroy tissues. A way to restore this intrinsic tolerance is through immune modulation that aims at refurbishing this immunologically naïve or unresponsive state, thereby decreasing the aberrant immune reaction taking place. One major cytokine has been shown to play a pivotal role in several autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS): tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) modulates the induction and maintenance of an inflammatory process and it comes in two variants, soluble TNF (solTNF) and transmembrane bound TNF (tmTNF). tmTNF signals via TNFR1 and TNFR2, whereas solTNF signals mainly via TNFR1. TNFR1 is widely expressed and promotes mainly inflammation and apoptosis. Conversely, TNFR2 is restricted mainly to immune and endothelial cells and it is known to activate the pro-survival PI3K-Akt/PKB signaling pathway and to sustain regulatory T cells function. Anti-TNFα therapies are successfully used to treat diseases such as RA, colitis, and psoriasis. However, clinical studies with a non-selective inhibitor of TNFα in MS patients had to be halted due to exacerbation of clinical symptoms. One possible explanation for this failure is the non-selectivity of the treatment, which avoids TNFR2 stimulation and its immune and tissue protective properties. Thus, a receptor-selective modulation of TNFα signal pathways provides a novel therapeutic concept that might lead to new insights in MS pathology with major implications for its effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pegoretti
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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31
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Yang S, Wang J, Brand DD, Zheng SG. Role of TNF-TNF Receptor 2 Signal in Regulatory T Cells and Its Therapeutic Implications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:784. [PMID: 29725328 PMCID: PMC5916970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) is a pleiotropic cytokine which signals through TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Emerging evidence has demonstrated that TNFR1 is ubiquitously expressed on almost all cells, while TNFR2 exhibits a limited expression, predominantly on regulatory T cells (Tregs). In addition, the signaling pathway by sTNF via TNFR1 mainly triggers pro-inflammatory pathways, and mTNF binding to TNFR2 usually initiates immune modulation and tissue regeneration. TNFα plays a critical role in upregulation or downregulation of Treg activity. Deficiency in TNFR2 signaling is significant in various autoimmune diseases. An ideal therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases would be to selectively block the sTNF/TNFR1 signal through the administration of sTNF inhibitors, or using TNFR1 antagonists while keeping the TNFR2 signaling pathway intact. Another promising strategy would be to rely on TNFR2 agonists which could drive the expansion of Tregs and promote tissue regeneration. Design of these therapeutic strategies targeting the TNFR1 or TNFR2 signaling pathways holds promise for the treatment of diverse inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Julie Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | | | - Song Guo Zheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center at Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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32
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Sakkou M, Chouvardas P, Ntari L, Prados A, Moreth K, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Hrabe de Angelis M, Denis MC, Karagianni N, Kollias G. Mesenchymal TNFR2 promotes the development of polyarthritis and comorbid heart valve stenosis. JCI Insight 2018; 3:98864. [PMID: 29618659 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.98864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal TNF signaling is etiopathogenic for inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis (SpA). The role of Tnfr1 in arthritis has been documented; however, Tnfr2 functions are unknown. Here, we investigate the mesenchymal-specific role of Tnfr2 in the TnfΔARE mouse model of SpA in arthritis and heart valve stenosis comorbidity by cell-specific, Col6a1-cre-driven gene targeting. We find that TNF/Tnfr2 signaling in resident synovial fibroblasts (SFs) and valvular interstitial cells (VICs) is detrimental for both pathologies, pointing to common cellular mechanisms. In contrast, systemic Tnfr2 provides protective signaling, since its complete deletion leads to severe deterioration of both pathologies. SFs and VICs lacking Tnfr2 fail to acquire pathogenic activated phenotypes and display increased expression of antiinflammatory cytokines associated with decreased Akt signaling. Comparative RNA sequencing experiments showed that the majority of the deregulated pathways in TnfΔARE mesenchymal-origin SFs and VICs, including proliferation, inflammation, migration, and disease-specific genes, are regulated by Tnfr2; thus, in its absence, they are maintained in a quiescent nonpathogenic state. Our data indicate a pleiotropy of Tnfr2 functions, with mesenchymal Tnfr2 driving cell activation and arthritis/valve stenosis pathogenesis only in the presence of systemic Tnfr2, whereas nonmesenchymal Tnfr2 overcomes this function, providing protective signals and, thus, containing both pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sakkou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Chouvardas
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Lydia Ntari
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Alejandro Prados
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Kristin Moreth
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | - George Kollias
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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33
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Qu Y, Zhao G, Li H. Forward and Reverse Signaling Mediated by Transmembrane Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and TNF Receptor 2: Potential Roles in an Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1675. [PMID: 29234328 PMCID: PMC5712345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by activated macrophages, lymphocytes and other cell types. Two distinct forms of TNF-α have been identified: soluble TNF-α (sTNF-α) and transmembrane TNF-α (mTNF-α). mTNF-α, which is the precursor of sTNF-α, can be cleaved by the TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) and is released as sTNF-α. sTNF-α binds primarily to TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and plays an important role in the inflammatory immune response, whereas mTNF-α interacts primarily with TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2) and mediates the promotion of cellular proliferation and survival and other biological effects. It has been reported that the interaction between mTNF-α and TNFR2 induces bi-directional (forward and reverse) signaling in both mTNF-α- and TNFR2-expressing cells. Increasing evidence shows that the forward and reverse signaling mediated by mTNF-α and TNFR2 might play a significant role in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, the role of the crosstalk between mTNF-α and TNFR2 in the tumor microenvironment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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34
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Gao H, Danzi MC, Choi CS, Taherian M, Dalby-Hansen C, Ellman DG, Madsen PM, Bixby JL, Lemmon VP, Lambertsen KL, Brambilla R. Opposing Functions of Microglial and Macrophagic TNFR2 in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Cell Rep 2017; 18:198-212. [PMID: 28052249 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is detrimental via activation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), whereas transmembrane TNF is beneficial primarily by activating TNF receptor 2 (TNFR2). Here, we investigate the role of TNFR2 in microglia and monocytes/macrophages in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, by cell-specific gene targeting. We show that TNFR2 ablation in microglia leads to early onset of EAE with increased leukocyte infiltration, T cell activation, and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Conversely, TNFR2 ablation in monocytes/macrophages results in EAE suppression with impaired peripheral T cell activation and reduced CNS T cell infiltration and demyelination. Our work uncovers a dichotomy of function for TNFR2 in myeloid cells, with microglial TNFR2 providing protective signals to contain disease and monocyte/macrophagic TNFR2 driving immune activation and EAE initiation. This must be taken into account when targeting TNFR2 for therapeutic purposes in neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gao
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Matt C Danzi
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Mehran Taherian
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Camilla Dalby-Hansen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Ditte G Ellman
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Pernille M Madsen
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - John L Bixby
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vance P Lemmon
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Center for Computational Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Kate L Lambertsen
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark; Brain Research - Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C 5000, Denmark; Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense C 5000, Denmark
| | - Roberta Brambilla
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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35
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Li XM, Chen X, Gu W, Guo YJ, Cheng Y, Peng J, Guo XJ. Impaired TNF/TNFR2 signaling enhances Th2 and Th17 polarization and aggravates allergic airway inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L592-L601. [PMID: 28619762 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00409.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T-cell differentiation plays an important role in allergic airway diseases. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) has been shown to regulate CD4+ T-lymphocyte differentiation, but its role in allergic airway inflammation is not clear. Here, we investigated the role of TNFR2 in allergic airway inflammation. The mouse model was generated by immunization with ovalbumin and intranasal administration of TNFR2 antibody. Airway inflammation and CD4+ T-cell differentiation were measured in vivo and in vitro. Inhibited TNFR2 signaling aggravated airway inflammation and increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, and TNF-α) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Impaired TNFR2 signaling promoted Th2 and Th17 polarization but inhibited Th1 and CD4+CD25+ T-cell differentiation in vivo. Furthermore, TNFR2 signaling inhibition promoted Th2 and Th17 polarization in vitro, which may occur through the activation of TNF receptor-associated factor 2 and NF-κB signaling. Therefore, our findings indicate that impaired TNF/TNFR2 signaling enhances Th2 and Th17 polarization and aggravates allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yi-Jia Guo
- Shanghai XiangMing High School, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Xue-Jun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and
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36
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Bystrom J, Clanchy FI, Taher TE, Mangat P, Jawad AS, Williams RO, Mageed RA. TNFα in the regulation of Treg and Th17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Cytokine 2016; 101:4-13. [PMID: 27639923 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
TNFα is a principal pro-inflammatory cytokine vital for immunity to infections. However, its excessive production is involved in chronic inflammation and disease pathology in autoimmune diseases. Evidence for its pathogenic role is validated by the fact that its neutralisation by therapeutic agents in vivo is beneficial in ameliorating disease and controlling symptoms. Paradoxically, however, treatment with TNFα inhibitors can either have no clinical effects, or even exacerbate disease in some patients. The explanation for such contradictory outcomes may lay in how and which downstream signalling pathways are activated and drive disease. TNFα causes its effects by binding to either or both of two membrane-bound receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. Engagement of the receptors can induce cell death or cell proliferation. T cells both produce and respond to TNFα and depending on whether the cytokine is membrane-bound or soluble and the level of expression of its two receptors, the biological outcome can be distinct. In addition, polymorphisms in genes encoding TNFα and T cell signalling proteins can significantly impact the outcome of TNFα receptor engagement. Early studies revealed that effector T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are hyporesponsive due to chronic exposure to TNFα. However, recent evidence indicates that the relationship between TNFα and T cell responses is complex and, at times, can be paradoxical. In addition, there is controversy as to the specific effects of TNFα on different T cell subsets. This review will summarise knowledge on how TNFα modulates T cell responses and the effect of engaging either of its two receptors. Furthermore, we discuss how such interactions can dictate the outcome of treatment with TNFα inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Bystrom
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumtology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - F I Clanchy
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Taher E Taher
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumtology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Pam Mangat
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal Free Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ali S Jawad
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumtology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Rizgar A Mageed
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumtology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Chen X, Nie Y, Xiao H, Bian Z, Scarzello AJ, Song NY, Trivett AL, Yang D, Oppenheim JJ. TNFR2 expression by CD4 effector T cells is required to induce full-fledged experimental colitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32834. [PMID: 27601345 PMCID: PMC5013387 DOI: 10.1038/srep32834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is now compelling evidence that TNFR2 is constitutively expressed on CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) and TNF-TNFR2 interaction is critical for the activation, expansion and functional stability of Tregs. However, we showed that the expression of TNFR2 was also up-regulated on CD4(+) Foxp3(-) effector T cells (Teffs) upon TCR stimulation. In order to define the role of TNFR2 in the pathogenic CD4 T cells, we compared the effect of transferred naïve CD4 cells from WT mice and TNFR2(-/-) mice into Rag 1(-/-) recipients. Transfer of TNFR2-deficient Teff cells failed to induce full-fledged colitis, unlike WT Teffs. This was due to defective proliferative expansion of TNFR2-deficient Teff cells in the lymphopenic mice, as well as their reduced capacity to express proinflammatory Th1 cytokine on a per cell basis. In vitro, the proliferative response of TNFR2 deficient naïve CD4 cells to anti-CD3 stimulation was markedly decreased as compared with that of WT naïve CD4 cells. The hypoproliferative response of TNFR2-deficient Teff cells to TCR stimulation was associated with an increased ratio of p100/p52, providing a mechanistic basis for our findings. Therefore, this study clearly indicates that TNFR2 is important for the proliferative expansion of pathogenic Teff cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yingjie Nie
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Haitao Xiao
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Bian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anthony J. Scarzello
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Na-Young Song
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Anna L. Trivett
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - De Yang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Joost J. Oppenheim
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
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Chopra M, Biehl M, Steinfatt T, Brandl A, Kums J, Amich J, Vaeth M, Kuen J, Holtappels R, Podlech J, Mottok A, Kraus S, Jordán-Garrote AL, Bäuerlein CA, Brede C, Ribechini E, Fick A, Seher A, Polz J, Ottmüller KJ, Baker J, Nishikii H, Ritz M, Mattenheimer K, Schwinn S, Winter T, Schäfer V, Krappmann S, Einsele H, Müller TD, Reddehase MJ, Lutz MB, Männel DN, Berberich-Siebelt F, Wajant H, Beilhack A. Exogenous TNFR2 activation protects from acute GvHD via host T reg cell expansion. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1881-900. [PMID: 27526711 PMCID: PMC4995078 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of TNFR2 with a novel agonist expands T reg cells in vivo and protects allo-HCT recipients from acute GvHD while sparing antilymphoma and antiinfectious properties of transplanted donor T cells. Donor CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (T reg cells) suppress graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT [allo-HCT]). Current clinical study protocols rely on the ex vivo expansion of donor T reg cells and their infusion in high numbers. In this study, we present a novel strategy for inhibiting GvHD that is based on the in vivo expansion of recipient T reg cells before allo-HCT, exploiting the crucial role of tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2) in T reg cell biology. Expanding radiation-resistant host T reg cells in recipient mice using a mouse TNFR2-selective agonist before allo-HCT significantly prolonged survival and reduced GvHD severity in a TNFR2- and T reg cell–dependent manner. The beneficial effects of transplanted T cells against leukemia cells and infectious pathogens remained unaffected. A corresponding human TNFR2-specific agonist expanded human T reg cells in vitro. These observations indicate the potential of our strategy to protect allo-HCT patients from acute GvHD by expanding T reg cells via selective TNFR2 activation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Chopra
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Biehl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tim Steinfatt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Brandl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Kums
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jorge Amich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janina Kuen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rafaela Holtappels
- Institute for Virology and Research Center of Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jürgen Podlech
- Institute for Virology and Research Center of Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anja Mottok
- Institute of Pathology, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kraus
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Laura Jordán-Garrote
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carina A Bäuerlein
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Brede
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eliana Ribechini
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Fick
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Seher
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Polz
- Institute of Immunology, Regensburg University, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja J Ottmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hidekazu Nishikii
- Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Miriam Ritz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Mattenheimer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Schwinn
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Viktoria Schäfer
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Krappmann
- Microbiology Institute, Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas D Müller
- Department for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias J Reddehase
- Institute for Virology and Research Center of Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela N Männel
- Institute of Immunology, Regensburg University, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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39
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Nguyen DX, Ehrenstein MR. Anti-TNF drives regulatory T cell expansion by paradoxically promoting membrane TNF-TNF-RII binding in rheumatoid arthritis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1241-53. [PMID: 27270893 PMCID: PMC4925013 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nguyen and Ehrenstein reveal that anti-TNF antibodies paradoxically enhance membrane TNF–TNF-RII interactions to increase Foxp3 expression and confer upon T reg cells the ability to suppress Th17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis patients. The interplay between inflammatory and regulatory pathways orchestrates an effective immune response that provides protection from pathogens while limiting injury to host tissue. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a pivotal inflammatory cytokine, but there is conflicting evidence as to whether it boosts or inhibits regulatory T cells (T reg cells). In this study, we show that the therapeutic anti-TNF antibody adalimumab, but not the soluble TNF receptor etanercept, paradoxically promoted the interaction between monocytes and T reg cells isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Adalimumab bound to monocyte membrane TNF from RA patients and unexpectedly enhanced its expression and its binding to TNF-RII expressed on T reg cells. As a consequence, adalimumab expanded functional Foxp3+ T reg cells equipped to suppress Th17 cells through an IL-2/STAT5-dependent mechanism. Our data not only highlight the beneficial effect of membrane TNF on T reg cell numbers during chronic inflammation, but in addition reveal how a therapeutic antibody that is thought to act by simply blocking its target can enhance the regulatory properties of this proinflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dao Xuan Nguyen
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, WC1E 6JF London, England, UK
| | - Michael R Ehrenstein
- Division of Medicine, Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, WC1E 6JF London, England, UK
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40
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He X, Landman S, Bauland SCG, van den Dolder J, Koenen HJPM, Joosten I. A TNFR2-Agonist Facilitates High Purity Expansion of Human Low Purity Treg Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156311. [PMID: 27224512 PMCID: PMC4880213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important for immune homeostasis and are considered of great interest for immunotherapy. The paucity of Treg numbers requires the need for ex vivo expansion. Although therapeutic Treg flow-sorting is feasible, most centers aiming at Treg-based therapy focus on magnetic bead isolation of CD4+CD25+ Treg using a good manufacturing practice compliant closed system that achieves lower levels of cell purity. Polyclonal Treg expansion protocols commonly use anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody (mAb) stimulation in the presence of rhIL-2, with or without rapamycin. However, the resultant Treg population is often heterogeneous and pro-inflammatory cytokines like IFNγ and IL-17A can be produced. Hence, it is crucial to search for expansion protocols that not only maximize ex vivo Treg proliferative rates, but also maintain Treg stability and preserve their suppressive function. Here, we show that ex vivo expansion of low purity magnetic bead isolated Treg in the presence of a TNFR2 agonist mAb (TNFR2-agonist) together with rapamycin, results in a homogenous stable suppressive Treg population that expresses FOXP3 and Helios, shows low expression of CD127 and hypo-methylation of the FOXP3 gene. These cells reveal a low IL-17A and IFNγ producing potential and hardly express the chemokine receptors CCR6, CCR7 and CXCR3. Restimulation of cells in a pro-inflammatory environment did not break the stability of this Treg population. In a preclinical humanized mouse model, the TNFR2-agonist plus rapamycin expanded Treg suppressed inflammation in vivo. Importantly, this Treg expansion protocol enables the use of less pure, but more easily obtainable cell fractions, as similar outcomes were observed using either FACS-sorted or MACS-isolated Treg. Therefore, this protocol is of great interest for the ex vivo expansion of Treg for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui He
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sija Landman
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Hans J. P. M. Koenen
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Irma Joosten
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Miller PG, Bonn MB, Franklin CL, Ericsson AC, McKarns SC. TNFR2 Deficiency Acts in Concert with Gut Microbiota To Precipitate Spontaneous Sex-Biased Central Nervous System Demyelinating Autoimmune Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4668-84. [PMID: 26475926 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
TNF-α antagonists provide benefit to patients with inflammatory autoimmune disorders such as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. However, TNF antagonism unexplainably exacerbates CNS autoimmunity, including multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. The underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. We demonstrate that TNFR2 deficiency results in female-biased spontaneous autoimmune CNS demyelination in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific 2D2 TCR transgenic mice. Disease in TNFR2(-/-) 2D2 mice was associated with CNS infiltration of T and B cells as well as increased production of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific IL-17, IFN-γ, and IgG2b. Attenuated disease in TNF(-/-) 2D2 mice relative to TNFR2(-/-) 2D2 mice identified distinctive roles for TNFR1 and TNFR2. Oral antibiotic treatment eliminated spontaneous autoimmunity in TNFR2(-/-) 2D2 mice to suggest role for gut microbiota. Illumina sequencing of fecal 16S rRNA identified a distinct microbiota profile in male TNFR2(-/-) 2D2 that was associated with disease protection. Akkermansia muciniphila, Sutterella sp., Oscillospira sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Anaeroplasma sp. were selectively more abundant in male TNFR2(-/-) 2D2 mice. In contrast, Bacteroides sp., Bacteroides uniformis, and Parabacteroides sp. were more abundant in affected female TNFR2(-/-) 2D2 mice, suggesting a role in disease causation. Overall, TNFR2 blockade appears to disrupt commensal bacteria-host immune symbiosis to reveal autoimmune demyelination in genetically susceptible mice. Under this paradigm, microbes likely contribute to an individual's response to anti-TNF therapy. This model provides a foundation for host immune-microbiota-directed measures for the prevention and treatment of CNS-demyelinating autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Miller
- Laboratory of TGF-β Biology, Epigenetics, and Cytokine Regulation, Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Michael B Bonn
- Laboratory of TGF-β Biology, Epigenetics, and Cytokine Regulation, Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Craig L Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201; and
| | - Aaron C Ericsson
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201; and
| | - Susan C McKarns
- Laboratory of TGF-β Biology, Epigenetics, and Cytokine Regulation, Center for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
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