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Vinţeler N, Feurdean CN, Petkes R, Barabas R, Boşca BA, Muntean A, Feștilă D, Ilea A. Biomaterials Functionalized with Inflammasome Inhibitors-Premises and Perspectives. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:32. [PMID: 38391885 PMCID: PMC10889089 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This review aimed at searching literature for data regarding the inflammasomes' involvement in the pathogenesis of oral diseases (mainly periodontitis) and general pathologies, including approaches to control inflammasome-related pathogenic mechanisms. The inflammasomes are part of the innate immune response that activates inflammatory caspases by canonical and noncanonical pathways, to control the activity of Gasdermin D. Once an inflammasome is activated, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukins, are released. Thus, inflammasomes are involved in inflammatory, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. The review also investigated novel therapies based on the use of phytochemicals and pharmaceutical substances for inhibiting inflammasome activity. Pharmaceutical substances can control the inflammasomes by three mechanisms: inhibiting the intracellular signaling pathways (Allopurinol and SS-31), blocking inflammasome components (VX-765, Emricasan and VX-740), and inhibiting cytokines mediated by the inflammasomes (Canakinumab, Anakinra and Rilonacept). Moreover, phytochemicals inhibit the inflammasomes by neutralizing reactive oxygen species. Biomaterials functionalized by the adsorption of therapeutic agents onto different nanomaterials could represent future research directions to facilitate multimodal and sequential treatment in oral pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norina Vinţeler
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudia Nicoleta Feurdean
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Regina Petkes
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Reka Barabas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Adina Boşca
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Muntean
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Dana Feștilă
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca 400012, Romania
| | - Aranka Ilea
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Wang X, Li R, Qian S, Yu D. Multilevel omics for the discovery of biomarkers in pediatric sepsis. Pediatr Investig 2023; 7:277-289. [PMID: 38050541 PMCID: PMC10693667 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe sepsis causes organ dysfunction and continues to be the leading reason for pediatric death worldwide. Early recognition of sepsis could substantially promote precision treatment and reduce the risk of pediatric death. The host cellular response to infection during sepsis between adults and pediatrics could be significantly different. A growing body of studies focused on finding markers in pediatric sepsis in recent years using multi-omics approaches. This narrative review summarized the progress in studying pediatric sepsis biomarkers from genome, transcript, protein, and metabolite levels according to the omics technique that has been applied for biomarker screening. It is most likely not a single biomarker could work for precision diagnosis of sepsis, but a panel of markers and probably a combination of markers detected at multi-levels. Importantly, we emphasize the importance of group distinction of infectious agents in sepsis patients for biomarker identification, because the host response to infection of bacteria, virus, or fungus could be substantially different and thus the results of biomarker screening. Further studies on the investigation of sepsis biomarkers that were caused by a specific group of infectious agents should be encouraged in the future, which will better improve the clinical execution of personalized medicine for pediatric sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Laboratory of DermatologyBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Rubo Li
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care UnitBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Suyun Qian
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care UnitBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Dan Yu
- Laboratory of DermatologyBeijing Pediatric Research InstituteBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityKey Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, National Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
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3
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Uriarte SM, Hajishengallis G. Neutrophils in the periodontium: Interactions with pathogens and roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. Immunol Rev 2023; 314:93-110. [PMID: 36271881 PMCID: PMC10049968 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are of key importance in periodontal health and disease. In their absence or when they are functionally defective, as occurs in certain congenital disorders, affected individuals develop severe forms of periodontitis in early age. These observations imply that the presence of immune-competent neutrophils is essential to homeostasis. However, the presence of supernumerary or hyper-responsive neutrophils, either because of systemic priming or innate immune training, leads to imbalanced host-microbe interactions in the periodontium that culminate in dysbiosis and inflammatory tissue breakdown. These disease-provoking imbalanced interactions are further exacerbated by periodontal pathogens capable of subverting neutrophil responses to their microbial community's benefit and the host's detriment. This review attempts a synthesis of these findings for an integrated view of the neutrophils' ambivalent role in periodontal disease and, moreover, discusses how some of these concepts underpin the development of novel therapeutic approaches to treat periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M. Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Nichols BE, Hook JS, Weng K, Ahn C, Moreland JG. Novel neutrophil phenotypic signature in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis. J Leukoc Biol 2021; 111:849-856. [PMID: 34342036 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a1220-826r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic inflammatory condition sometimes complicated by acute diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A subset of patients with T1D develop DKA independent of known risk factors. This study tested the hypothesis that circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from children with T1D and DKA would exhibit a primed phenotype and that the signature would be unique in patients predisposed to have DKA. Using a prospective cohort study design, neutrophil phenotype was assessed in 30 patients with T1D seen in endocrinology clinic for routine care, 30 patients with acute DKA, and 36 healthy donors. Circulating PMN from patients with DKA display a primed phenotype with increased basal cell-surface CD11b, L-selectin shedding, and enhanced fMLF-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Moreover, PMN from T1D patients both with and without DKA lack the capacity to be further primed by incubation with TNF-α, a classic priming stimulus. Primed PMN phenotypic signatures demonstrated are independent of hemoglobin A1c, the premier biological marker for DKA risk, and are consistent with a hyperinflammatory state. A single nucleotide polymorphism in TLR-1 (1805G>T), known to be associated with a hyperinflammatory PMN phenotype, correlated with DKA. This study elucidated a novel phenotypic signature in circulating PMN from children with T1D with and without DKA, and suggests the possibility of a previously unrecognized PMN phenotype with potential clinical implications. Immunophenotype and genotype may be applicable as biomarkers for DKA risk stratification in patients with T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake E Nichols
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kayson Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chul Ahn
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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5
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Hook JS, Patel PA, O'Malley A, Xie L, Kavanaugh JS, Horswill AR, Moreland JG. Lipoproteins from Staphylococcus aureus Drive Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in a TLR2/1- and PAD-Dependent Manner. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:966-973. [PMID: 34290104 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), play a critical role in the innate immune response to Staphylococcus aureus, a pathogen that continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is involved in ensnaring and killing of S. aureus, but this host-pathogen interaction also leads to host tissue damage. Importantly, NET components including neutrophil proteases are under consideration as therapeutic targets in a variety of disease processes. Although S. aureus lipoproteins are recognized to activate cells via TLRs, specific mechanisms of interaction with neutrophils are poorly delineated. We hypothesized that a lipoprotein-containing cell membrane preparation from methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA-CMP) would elicit PMN activation, including NET formation. We investigated MRSA-CMP-elicited NET formation, regulated elastase release, and IL-8 production in human neutrophils. We studied PMN from healthy donors with or without a common single-nucleotide polymorphism in TLR1, previously demonstrated to impact TLR2/1 signaling, and used cell membrane preparation from both wild-type methicillin-resistant S. aureus and a mutant lacking palmitoylated lipoproteins (lgt). MRSA-CMP elicited NET formation, elastase release, and IL-8 production in a lipoprotein-dependent manner. TLR2/1 signaling was involved in NET formation and IL-8 production, but not elastase release, suggesting that MRSA-CMP-elicited elastase release is not mediated by triacylated lipoproteins. MRSA-CMP also primed neutrophils for enhanced NET formation in response to a subsequent stimulus. MRSA-CMP-elicited NET formation did not require Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species and was partially dependent on the activity of peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD). In conclusion, lipoproteins from S. aureus mediate NET formation via TLR2/1 with clear implications for patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Parth A Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Aidan O'Malley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Lihua Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Jeffrey S Kavanaugh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Aurora, CO; and
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; .,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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6
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Z Oikonomakou M, Gkentzi D, Gogos C, Akinosoglou K. Biomarkers in pediatric sepsis: a review of recent literature. Biomark Med 2020; 14:895-917. [PMID: 32808806 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in infants and children worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and monitoring of infection is pivotal to guide therapy and optimize outcomes. No single biomarker has so far been identified to accurately diagnose sepsis, monitor response and predict severity. We aimed to assess existing evidence of available sepsis biomarkers, and their utility in pediatric population. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin remain the most extensively evaluated and used biomarkers. However, biomarkers related to endothelial damage, vasodilation, oxidative stress, cytokines/chemokines and cell bioproducts have also been identified, often with regard to the site of infection and etiologic pathogen; still, with controversial utility. A multi-biomarker model driven by genomic tools could establish a personalized approach in future disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Despoina Gkentzi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece
| | - Charalambos Gogos
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Department of Internal Medicine & Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Patras, Rio 26504, Greece
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7
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Neutrophils priming has been long studied in vitro. Recent studies describe it in vivo. In pathophysiological conditions, complex, heterogeneous characteristics of priming are described in the last few years. RECENT FINDINGS Priming can occur systemically when insults such as sepsis or trauma result in an array of circulating mediators and circulating primed neutrophils seem to exert detrimental effects either directly, or indirectly by interacting with other cells, thereby contributing to the development of organ dysfunction. Local priming of neutrophils augments their ability to clear infection, but may also lead to local bystander tissue injury, for example, in the inflamed joint. The complexity, heterogeneity and dynamic nature of inflammatory responses and the accessibility of cells from local sites make neutrophil priming challenging to study in human disease; however, recent advances have made significant progress to this field. SUMMARY Herein, we summarize the literature regarding neutrophil priming in selected conditions. In some diseases and in the setting of specific genetic influences, the priming repertoire seems to be restricted, with only some neutrophil functions upregulated. A greater understanding of the nature of neutrophil priming and its role in human disease is required before this process becomes tractable to therapeutic intervention.
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8
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Hook JS, Cao M, Weng K, Kinnare N, Moreland JG. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lipoarabinomannan Activates Human Neutrophils via a TLR2/1 Mechanism Distinct from Pam 3CSK 4. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:671-681. [PMID: 31871022 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes, play an important role in the early innate immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the lung. Interactions between PMN and mycobacterial lipids impact the activation state of these migrated cells with consequences for the surrounding tissue in terms of resolution versus ongoing inflammation. We hypothesized that lipoarabinomannan from M. tuberculosis (Mtb LAM) would prime human PMN in a TLR2-dependent manner and investigated this with specific comparison with the purified synthetic TLR2 agonists, Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1. In contrast to Pam3CSK4 and FSL-1, we found Mtb LAM did not induce any of the classical PMN priming phenotypes, including enhancement of NADPH oxidase activity, shedding of l-selectin, or mobilization of CD11b. However, exposure of PMN to Mtb LAM did elicit pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and release in a TLR2/1-dependent manner, using the TLR1 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs5743618 (1805G/T) as a marker for TLR2/1 specificity. Moreover, Mtb LAM did not elicit p38 MAPK phosphorylation or endocytosis, although these processes occurred with Pam3CSK4 stimulation, and were necessary for the early priming events to occur. Interestingly, Mtb LAM did not abrogate priming responses elicited by Pam3CSK4 Notably, subfractionation of light membranes from Pam3CSK4 versus Mtb LAM-stimulated cells demonstrated differential patterns of exocytosis. In summary, Mtb LAM activates PMN via TLR2/1, resulting in the production of cytokines but does not elicit early PMN priming responses, as seen with Pam3CSK4 We speculate that the inability of Mtb LAM to prime PMN may be due to differential localization of TLR2/1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Hook
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Mou Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Kayson Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Nedha Kinnare
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and
| | - Jessica G Moreland
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390; and .,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
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Silva SL, Fonseca M, Pereira MLM, Silva SP, Barbosa RR, Serra-Caetano A, Blanco E, Rosmaninho P, Pérez-Andrés M, Sousa AB, Raposo AASF, Gama-Carvalho M, Victorino RMM, Hammarstrom L, Sousa AE. Monozygotic Twins Concordant for Common Variable Immunodeficiency: Strikingly Similar Clinical and Immune Profile Associated With a Polygenic Burden. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2503. [PMID: 31824477 PMCID: PMC6882918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Monozygotic twins provide a unique opportunity to better understand complex genetic diseases and the relative contribution of heritable factors in shaping the immune system throughout life. Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders (CVID) are primary antibody defects displaying wide phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity, with monogenic transmission accounting for only a minority of the cases. Here, we report a pair of monozygotic twins concordant for CVID without a family history of primary immunodeficiency. They featured a remarkably similar profile of clinical manifestations and immunological alterations at diagnosis (established at age 37) and along the subsequent 15 years of follow-up. Interestingly, whole-exome sequencing failed to identify a monogenic cause for CVID, but unraveled a combination of heterozygous variants, with a predicted deleterious impact. These variants were found in genes involved in relevant immunological pathways, such as JUN, PTPRC, TLR1, ICAM1, and JAK3. The potential for combinatorial effects translating into the observed disease phenotype is inferred from their roles in immune pathways, namely in T and B cell activation. The combination of these genetic variants is also likely to impose a significant constraint on environmental influences, resulting in a similar immunological phenotype in both twins, despite exposure to different living conditions. Overall, these cases stress the importance of integrating NGS data with clinical and immunological phenotypes at the single-cell level, as provided by multi-dimensional flow-cytometry, in order to understand the complex genetic landscape underlying the vast majority of patients with CVID, as well as those with other immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana L Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Fonseca
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marcelo L M Pereira
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sara P Silva
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita R Barbosa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Serra-Caetano
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elena Blanco
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC, Number CB16/12/00400, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Rosmaninho
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Pérez-Andrés
- Department of Medicine, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC, USAL-CSIC), Cytometry Service (NUCLEUS), Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Cancer-CIBER-CIBERONC, Number CB16/12/00400, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Berta Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alexandre A S F Raposo
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Margarida Gama-Carvalho
- Faculty of Sciences, BioISI-Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui M M Victorino
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Ana E Sousa
- Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centro de Imunodeficiências Primárias, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte and Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa and Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Lisbon, Portugal
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10
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Wright SW, Emond MJ, Lovelace-Macon L, Ducken D, Kashima J, Hantrakun V, Chierakul W, Teparrukkul P, Chantratita N, Limmathurotsakul D, West TE. Exonic sequencing identifies TLR1 genetic variation associated with mortality in Thais with melioidosis. Emerg Microbes Infect 2019; 8:282-290. [PMID: 30866782 PMCID: PMC6455179 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2019.1575172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common cause of sepsis in Southeast Asia. We investigated whether novel TLR1 coding variants are associated with outcome in Thai patients with melioidosis. We performed exonic sequencing on a discovery set of patients with extreme phenotypes (mild vs. severe) of bacteremic melioidosis. We analysed the association of missense variants in TLR1 with severe melioidosis in a by-gene analysis. We then genotyped key variants and tested the association with death in two additional sets of melioidosis patients. Using a by-gene analysis, TLR1 was associated with severe bacteremic melioidosis (P = 0.016). One of the eight TLR1 variants identified, rs76600635, a common variant in East Asians, was associated with in-hospital mortality in a replication set of melioidosis patients (adjusted odds ratio 1.71, 95% CI 1.01-2.88, P = 0.04.) In a validation set of patients, the point estimate of effect of the association of rs76600635 with 28-day mortality was similar but not statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio 1.81, 95% CI 0.96-3.44, P = 0.07). Restricting the validation set analysis to patients recruited in a comparable fashion to the discovery and replication sets, rs76600635 was significantly associated with 28-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio 3.88, 95% CI 1.43-10.56, P = 0.01). Exonic sequencing identifies TLR1 as a gene associated with a severe phenotype of bacteremic melioidosis. The TLR1 variant rs76600635, common in East Asian populations, may be associated with poor outcomes from melioidosis. This variant has not been previously associated with outcomes in sepsis and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelton W. Wright
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary J. Emond
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lara Lovelace-Macon
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deirdre Ducken
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Kashima
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Viriya Hantrakun
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wirongrong Chierakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prapit Teparrukkul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Direk Limmathurotsakul
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Tropical Hygiene, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T. Eoin West
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- International Respiratory and Severe Illness Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Vogt KL, Summers C, Chilvers ER, Condliffe AM. Priming and de-priming of neutrophil responses in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48 Suppl 2:e12967. [PMID: 29896919 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The activation status of neutrophils can cycle from basal through primed to fully activated ("green-amber-red"), and at least in vitro, primed cells can spontaneously revert to a near basal phenotype. This broad range of neutrophil responsiveness confers extensive functional flexibility, allowing neutrophils to respond rapidly and appropriately to varied and evolving threats throughout the body. Primed and activated cells display dramatically enhanced bactericidal capacity (including augmented respiratory burst activity, degranulation and longevity), but this enhancement also confers the capacity for significant unintended tissue injury. Neutrophil priming and its consequences have been associated with adverse outcomes in a range of disease states, hence understanding the signalling processes that regulate the transition between basal and primed states (and back again) may offer new opportunities for therapeutic intervention in pathological settings. A wide array of host- and pathogen-derived molecules is able to modulate the functional status of these versatile cells. Reflecting this extensive repertoire of potential mediators, priming can be established by a range of signalling pathways (including mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, phospholipase D and calcium transients) and intracellular processes (including endocytosis, vesicle trafficking and the engagement of adhesion molecules). The signalling pathways engaged, and the exact cellular phenotype that results, vary according to the priming agent(s) to which the neutrophil is exposed and the precise environmental context. Herein we describe the signals that establish priming (in particular for enhanced respiratory burst, degranulation and prolonged lifespan) and describe the recently recognised process of de-priming, correlating in vitro observations with in vivo significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja L Vogt
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Bateson Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Kinkead LC, Whitmore LC, McCracken JM, Fletcher JR, Ketelsen BB, Kaufman JW, Jones BD, Weiss DS, Barker JH, Allen LAH. Bacterial lipoproteins and other factors released by Francisella tularensis modulate human neutrophil lifespan: Effects of a TLR1 SNP on apoptosis inhibition. Cell Microbiol 2017; 20. [PMID: 29063667 PMCID: PMC5764820 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis infects several cell types including neutrophils, and aberrant neutrophil accumulation contributes to tissue destruction during tularaemia. We demonstrated previously that F. tularensis strains Schu S4 and live vaccine strain markedly delay human neutrophil apoptosis and thereby prolong cell lifespan, but the bacterial factors that mediate this aspect of virulence are undefined. Herein, we demonstrate that bacterial conditioned medium (CM) can delay apoptosis in the absence of direct infection. Biochemical analyses show that CM contained F. tularensis surface factors as well as outer membrane components. Our previous studies excluded roles for lipopolysaccharide and capsule in apoptosis inhibition, and current studies of [14C] acetate‐labelled bacteria argue against a role for other bacterial lipids in this process. At the same time, studies of isogenic mutants indicate that TolC and virulence factors whose expression requires FevR or MglA were also dispensable, demonstrating that apoptosis inhibition does not require Type I or Type VI secretion. Instead, we identified bacterial lipoproteins (BLPs) as active factors in CM. Additional studies of isolated BLPs demonstrated dose‐dependent neutrophil apoptosis inhibition via a TLR2‐dependent mechanism that is significantly influenced by a common polymorphism, rs5743618, in human TLR1. These data provide fundamental new insight into pathogen manipulation of neutrophil lifespan and BLP function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Kinkead
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Laura C Whitmore
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Jenna M McCracken
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Joshua R Fletcher
- Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Brandi B Ketelsen
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Justin W Kaufman
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bradley D Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - David S Weiss
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jason H Barker
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Lee-Ann H Allen
- Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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13
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Miralda I, Uriarte SM, McLeish KR. Multiple Phenotypic Changes Define Neutrophil Priming. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:217. [PMID: 28611952 PMCID: PMC5447094 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, mitochondrial contents, and bacterial and viral products induces neutrophils to transition from a basal state into a primed one, which is currently defined as an enhanced response to activating stimuli. Although, typically associated with enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase, primed neutrophils show enhanced responsiveness of exocytosis, NET formation, and chemotaxis. Phenotypic changes associated with priming also include activation of a subset of functions, including adhesion, transcription, metabolism, and rate of apoptosis. This review summarizes the breadth of phenotypic changes associated with priming and reviews current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind those changes. We conclude that the current definition of priming is too restrictive. Priming represents a combination of enhanced responsiveness and activated functions that regulate both adaptive and innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Miralda
- Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Microbiology, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United States
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of MedicineLouisville, KY, United States.,Robley Rex VA Medical CenterLouisville, KY, United States
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review will update readers on research examining the influence of genetic variation and epigenetics on the immune system and whether genetic variation influences the outcome of critically ill children. RECENT FINDINGS Although there have been few recent studies examining the role of genetic variation in the severity of disease or outcome in critically ill children, studies in critically ill adults have been informative. For example, genetic variations in the genes coding for various components of the immune response, such as the Toll-like receptor 1, interleukin-1RA, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, adoponectin, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, elafin, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3, and sushi, von Willebrand factor type A, EGF and pentraxin domain containing 1 have been associated with various outcomes in critically ill adult populations. Many of the variants demonstrate functional consequences in the protein levels or activities. In critically ill children, there is an association with increased ICU length of stay in children with septic shock with one of the Toll-like receptor 1 variants. SUMMARY The degree of influence of host genetic variation in the outcome in critically ill children remains a much understudied area of research. However, it remains important because it may not only help identify children at risk for worse outcomes but it may provide insight into mechanisms of critical illnesses and novel therapies.
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