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Greene TT, Zuniga EI. Type I Interferon Induction and Exhaustion during Viral Infection: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells and Emerging COVID-19 Findings. Viruses 2021; 13:1839. [PMID: 34578420 PMCID: PMC8472174 DOI: 10.3390/v13091839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFN-I) are a family of potent antiviral cytokines that act through the direct restriction of viral replication and by enhancing antiviral immunity. However, these powerful cytokines are a caged lion, as excessive and sustained IFN-I production can drive immunopathology during infection, and aberrant IFN-I production is a feature of several types of autoimmunity. As specialized producers of IFN-I plasmacytoid (p), dendritic cells (DCs) can secrete superb quantities and a wide breadth of IFN-I isoforms immediately after infection or stimulation, and are the focus of this review. Notably, a few days after viral infection pDCs tune down their capacity for IFN-I production, producing less cytokines in response to both the ongoing infection and unrelated secondary stimulations. This process, hereby referred to as "pDC exhaustion", favors viral persistence and associates with reduced innate responses and increased susceptibility to secondary opportunistic infections. On the other hand, pDC exhaustion may be a compromise to avoid IFN-I driven immunopathology. In this review we reflect on the mechanisms that initially induce IFN-I and subsequently silence their production by pDCs during a viral infection. While these processes have been long studied across numerous viral infection models, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought their discussion back to the fore, and so we also discuss emerging results related to pDC-IFN-I production in the context of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elina I. Zuniga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
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2
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Kalafati L, Kourtzelis I, Schulte-Schrepping J, Li X, Hatzioannou A, Grinenko T, Hagag E, Sinha A, Has C, Dietz S, de Jesus Domingues AM, Nati M, Sormendi S, Neuwirth A, Chatzigeorgiou A, Ziogas A, Lesche M, Dahl A, Henry I, Subramanian P, Wielockx B, Murray P, Mirtschink P, Chung KJ, Schultze JL, Netea MG, Hajishengallis G, Verginis P, Mitroulis I, Chavakis T. Innate Immune Training of Granulopoiesis Promotes Anti-tumor Activity. Cell 2021; 183:771-785.e12. [PMID: 33125892 PMCID: PMC7599076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Trained innate immunity, induced via modulation of mature myeloid cells or their bone marrow progenitors, mediates sustained increased responsiveness to secondary challenges. Here, we investigated whether anti-tumor immunity can be enhanced through induction of trained immunity. Pre-treatment of mice with β-glucan, a fungal-derived prototypical agonist of trained immunity, resulted in diminished tumor growth. The anti-tumor effect of β-glucan-induced trained immunity was associated with transcriptomic and epigenetic rewiring of granulopoiesis and neutrophil reprogramming toward an anti-tumor phenotype; this process required type I interferon signaling irrespective of adaptive immunity in the host. Adoptive transfer of neutrophils from β-glucan-trained mice to naive recipients suppressed tumor growth in the latter in a ROS-dependent manner. Moreover, the anti-tumor effect of β-glucan-induced trained granulopoiesis was transmissible by bone marrow transplantation to recipient naive mice. Our findings identify a novel and therapeutically relevant anti-tumor facet of trained immunity involving appropriate rewiring of granulopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kalafati
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Kourtzelis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Jonas Schulte-Schrepping
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aikaterini Hatzioannou
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Tatyana Grinenko
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eman Hagag
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anupam Sinha
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Canan Has
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sevina Dietz
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Marina Nati
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sundary Sormendi
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ales Neuwirth
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Athanasios Ziogas
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Dahl
- DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ian Henry
- Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pallavi Subramanian
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Murray
- Immunoregulation Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kyoung-Jin Chung
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; PRECISE - Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics at the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Genomics and Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Science Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 6525 XZ, the Netherlands
| | - George Hajishengallis
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Autoimmunity and Inflammation, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mitroulis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases, Partner Site Dresden, 01307 Dresden and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
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3
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Bencze D, Fekete T, Pázmándi K. Type I Interferon Production of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells under Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084190. [PMID: 33919546 PMCID: PMC8072550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most powerful and multifaceted cytokines produced by immune cells are type I interferons (IFNs), the basal secretion of which contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis, while their activation-induced production is essential to effective immune responses. Although, each cell is capable of producing type I IFNs, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) possess a unique ability to rapidly produce large amounts of them. Importantly, type I IFNs have a prominent role in the pathomechanism of various pDC-associated diseases. Deficiency in type I IFN production increases the risk of more severe viral infections and the development of certain allergic reactions, and supports tumor resistance; nevertheless, its overproduction promotes autoimmune reactions. Therefore, the tight regulation of type I IFN responses of pDCs is essential to maintain an adequate level of immune response without causing adverse effects. Here, our goal was to summarize those endogenous factors that can influence the type I IFN responses of pDCs, and thus might serve as possible therapeutic targets in pDC-associated diseases. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the current therapeutic approaches targeting the pDC-type I IFN axis in viral infections, cancer, autoimmunity, and allergy, together with their limitations defined by the Janus-faced nature of pDC-derived type I IFNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Bencze
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tünde Fekete
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
| | - Kitti Pázmándi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 1 Egyetem Square, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (D.B.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-417-159
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4
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Estrada-Capetillo L, Aragoneses-Fenoll L, Domínguez-Soto Á, Fuentelsaz-Romero S, Nieto C, Simón-Fuentes M, Alonso B, Portolés P, Corbí AL, Rojo JM, Puig-Kröger A. CD28 is expressed by macrophages with anti-inflammatory potential and limits their T-cell activating capacity. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:824-834. [PMID: 33169838 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CD28 expression is generally considered to be T lymphocyte specific. We have previously shown CD28 mRNA expression in M-CSF-dependent anti-inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages (M-MØ), and now demonstrate that CD28 cell surface expression is higher in M-MØ than in GM-CSF-dependent macrophages, and that macrophage CD28 expression is regulated by MAFB and activin A. In vivo, CD28 was found in tumor-associated macrophages and, to a lower extent, in pro-inflammatory synovial fluid macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Analysis of mouse macrophages confirmed Cd28 expression in bone-marrow derived M-MØ. Indeed, anti-CD28 antibodies triggered ERK1/2 phosphorylation in mouse M-MØ. At the functional level, Cd28KO M-MØ exhibited a significantly higher capacity to activate the OVA-specific proliferation of OT-II CD4+ T cells than WT M-MØ, as well as enhanced LPS-induced IL-6 production. Besides, the Cd28KO M-MØ transcriptome was significantly different from WT M-MØ regarding the expression IFN response, inflammatory response, and TGF-β signaling related gene sets. Therefore, defective CD28 expression in mouse macrophages associates to changes in gene expression profile, what might contribute to the altered functionality displayed by Cd28KO M-MØ. Thus, CD28 expression appears as a hallmark of anti-inflammatory macrophages and might be a target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Estrada-Capetillo
- Unidad de InmunoMetabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Aragoneses-Fenoll
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Sara Fuentelsaz-Romero
- Unidad de InmunoMetabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Concha Nieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bárbara Alonso
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Portolés
- Unidad de Inmunología Celular, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel L Corbí
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Rojo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaya Puig-Kröger
- Unidad de InmunoMetabolismo e Inflamación, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
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5
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Turnier JL, Kahlenberg JM. The Role of Cutaneous Type I IFNs in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2941-2950. [PMID: 33229366 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
IFNs are well known as mediators of the antimicrobial response but also serve as important immunomodulatory cytokines in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases. An increasingly critical role for IFNs in evolution of skin inflammation in these patients has been recognized. IFNs are produced not only by infiltrating immune but also resident skin cells, with increased baseline IFN production priming for inflammatory cell activation, immune response amplification, and development of skin lesions. The IFN response differs by cell type and host factors and may be modified by other inflammatory pathway activation specific to individual diseases, leading to differing clinical phenotypes. Understanding the contribution of IFNs to skin and systemic disease pathogenesis is key to development of new therapeutics and improved patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize the immunomodulatory role of IFNs in skin, with a focus on type I, and provide insight into IFN dysregulation in autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Turnier
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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6
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Greene TT, Jo YR, Zuniga EI. Infection and cancer suppress pDC derived IFN-I. Curr Opin Immunol 2020; 66:114-122. [PMID: 32947131 PMCID: PMC8526282 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are specialized producers of Type I interferon (IFN-I) that promote anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity. However, chronic infections and cancer inhibit pDC-derived IFN-I. While the mechanisms of this inhibition are multifarious they can be classified broadly into two categories: i) reduction or ablation of pDC IFN-I-production capacity (functional exhaustion) and/or ii) decrease in pDC numbers (altered population dynamics). Recent work has identified many processes that contribute to suppression of pDC-derived IFN-I during chronic infections and cancer, including sustained stimulation through Toll Like Receptors (TLRs), inhibitory microenvironments, inhibitory receptor ligation, and reduced development from bone marrow progenitors and apoptosis. Emerging success leveraging pDCs in treatment of disease through TLR activation illustrates the therapeutic potential of targeting pDCs. Deeper understanding of the systems that limit pDC-derived IFN-I has the potential to improve these emerging therapies as well as help devising new approaches that harness the outstanding IFN-I-production capacity of pDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trever T Greene
- University of California San Diego, Department of Biological Sciences, San Diego, United States
| | - Yea-Ra Jo
- University of California San Diego, Department of Biological Sciences, San Diego, United States
| | - Elina I Zuniga
- University of California San Diego, Department of Biological Sciences, San Diego, United States.
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7
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Hile GA, Gudjonsson JE, Kahlenberg JM. The influence of interferon on healthy and diseased skin. Cytokine 2020; 132:154605. [PMID: 30527631 PMCID: PMC6551332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are an immunomodulatory class of cytokines that serve to protect against viral and bacterial infection. In addition, mounting evidence suggests IFNs, particularly type I but also IFNγ, are important to the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases, such as cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Understanding the role of IFNs is relevant to anti-viral responses in the skin, skin biology, and therapeutics for these IFN-related conditions. Type I IFNs (α and β) are produced by recruited inflammatory cells and by the epidermis itself (IFNκ) and have important roles in autoimmune and inflammatory skin disease. Here, we review the current literature utilizing a PubMed database search using terms [interferon/IFN/type I IFN AND lupus/ cutaneous lupus/CLE/dermatomyositis/Sjogrens/psoriasis/lichen planus/morphea/alopecia areata/vitiligo] with a focus on the role of IFNs in basic keratinocyte biology and their implications in the cutaneous autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: cutaneous lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, Sjogren's syndrome, psoriasis, lichen planus, alopecia areata and vitiligo. We provide information about genes and proteins induced by IFNs and how downstream mechanisms relate to clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Blast Exposure-Induced Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and T Cell Accumulation in the Lungs via the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4848560. [PMID: 31565151 PMCID: PMC6745179 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4848560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although CD28 is associated with the expression of inflammatory mediators, apoptosis-related protein, immunosuppression, and tumorigenesis, the effects of CD28 deficiency on blast exposure-induced lung injury have not been investigated. In this study, we have explored the effects of CD28 on blast exposure-induced lung injury and studied its potential molecular mechanisms. A mouse model of blast exposure-induced acute lung injury was established. Sixty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and CD28 knockout (CD28−/−) mice were randomly divided into control or model groups. Lung tissue samples were collected 24 h and 48 h after blast injury. Histopathological changes and the expressions of inflammatory-related proteins were detected by hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptosis and oxidative stress were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and related pathway protein expression were studied by western blotting. In addition, the levels of CD3 and CD28 proteins were measured by flow cytometry. In the current study, we found that CD28 deficiency significantly inhibited blast exposure-induced increases in the lung weight/body weight ratio and wet weight/dry weight ratio; decreased the infiltration of CD44+ leukocytes, CD163+ macrophages, and CD3+ T cells into the lungs; reduced the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6; and markedly increased IL-10 expression. CD28 deficiency also significantly attenuated blast exposure-induced ROS, MDA5, and IREα expressions; increased SOD-1 expression; lowered the number of apoptotic cells and Bax, Caspase-3, and active Caspase-8 expressions; and increased Bcl-2 expression. Additionally, CD28 deficiency significantly ameliorated blast exposure-induced increases of p-PI3K and p-Akt and ameliorated the decrease in the p-FoxO1 expression. Our results suggest that CD28 deficiency has a protective effect on blast exposure-induced lung injury, which might be associated with the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway.
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Reizis B. Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells: Development, Regulation, and Function. Immunity 2019; 50:37-50. [PMID: 30650380 PMCID: PMC6342491 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a unique sentinel cell type that can detect pathogen-derived nucleic acids and respond with rapid and massive production of type I interferon. This review summarizes our current understanding of pDC biology, including transcriptional regulation, heterogeneity, role in antiviral immune responses, and involvement in immune pathology, particularly in autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency, and cancer. We also highlight the remaining gaps in our knowledge and important questions for the field, such as the molecular basis of unique interferon-producing capacity of pDCs. A better understanding of cell type-specific positive and negative control of pDC function should pave the way for translational applications focused on this immune cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Reizis
- Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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10
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Macal M, Jo Y, Dallari S, Chang AY, Dai J, Swaminathan S, Wehrens EJ, Fitzgerald-Bocarsly P, Zúñiga EI. Self-Renewal and Toll-like Receptor Signaling Sustain Exhausted Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells during Chronic Viral Infection. Immunity 2019; 48:730-744.e5. [PMID: 29669251 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although characterization of T cell exhaustion has unlocked powerful immunotherapies, the mechanisms sustaining adaptations of short-lived innate cells to chronic inflammatory settings remain unknown. During murine chronic viral infection, we found that concerted events in bone marrow and spleen mediated by type I interferon (IFN-I) and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) maintained a pool of functionally exhausted plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In the bone marrow, IFN-I compromised the number and the developmental capacity of pDC progenitors, which generated dysfunctional pDCs. Concurrently, exhausted pDCs in the periphery were maintained by self-renewal via IFN-I- and TLR7-induced proliferation of CD4- subsets. On the other hand, pDC functional loss was mediated by TLR7, leading to compromised IFN-I production and resistance to secondary infection. These findings unveil the mechanisms sustaining a self-perpetuating pool of functionally exhausted pDCs and provide a framework for deciphering long-term exhaustion of other short-lived innate cells during chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Macal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yeara Jo
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Simone Dallari
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Aaron Y Chang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jihong Dai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Shobha Swaminathan
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Ellen J Wehrens
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | - Elina I Zúñiga
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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11
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Molecular Evidence for Precursors of Sjögren's Foci in Histologically Normal Lacrimal Glands. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010223. [PMID: 30626116 PMCID: PMC6337590 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the formation of Sjogren’s lymphocytic infiltrates could permit earlier diagnosis and better outcomes. We submitted gene transcript abundances in histologically normal rabbit lacrimal glands to principal component analysis. The analysis identified a cluster of transcripts associated with Sjögren’s foci, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and B-cell activating factor (BAFF), which dominated the major principal component. We interpreted the transcript cluster as the signature of a cluster of integrally functioning cells. Pregnancy and dryness increased the likelihood that the cluster would develop to high levels, but responses were subject to high levels of stochasticity. Analyzing microdissected samples from high- and low-cluster-level glands, we found that certain transcripts, including mRNAs for C–C motif chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21), CXCL13, cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4), CD28, CD25, BAFF, and interleukin 18 (IL-18) were significantly more abundant in immune cell clusters (ICs) from the high-cluster-level gland; mRNAs for CCL2, CD25, and IL-1RA were significantly more abundant in acinus-duct axis samples; mRNAs for CCL4, BAFF, IL-6, and IL-10 were more abundant in some acinus-duct samples; cells with high prolactin immunoreactivity were more frequent in interacinar spaces. In conclusion, integrated functional networks comprising Sjögren’s infiltrates, such as ICs, acinar cells, ductal cells, and interacinar cells, can form in histologically normal glands, and it is feasible to detect their molecular signatures.
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Cong P, Tong C, Liu Y, Shi L, Shi X, Zhao Y, Xiao K, Jin H, Liu Y, Hou M. CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Thoracic Blast Exposure-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Brain through the PI3K/Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8460290. [PMID: 31885821 PMCID: PMC6915017 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8460290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blast exposure is a worldwide public health concern, but most related research has been focused on direct injury. Thoracic blast exposure-induced neurotrauma is a type of indirect injuries where research is lacking. As CD28 stimulates T cell activation and survival and contributes to inflammation initiation, it may play a role in thoracic blast exposure-induced neurotrauma. However, it has not been investigated. To explore the effects of CD28 on thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury and its potential molecular mechanisms, a mouse model of thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury was established. Fifty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and fifty CD28 knockout (CD28-/-) mice were randomly divided into five groups (one control group and four model groups), with ten mice (from each of the two models) for each group. Lung and brain tissue and serum samples were collected at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week after thoracic blast exposure. Histopathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expressions of inflammatory-related factors were detected by ELISA. Oxidative stress in the brain tissue was evaluated by determining the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expressions of thioredoxin (TRX), malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD-1, and SOD-2. Apoptosis in the brain tissue was evaluated by TUNEL staining and the levels of Bax, Bcl-xL, Bad, Cytochrome C, and caspase-3. In addition, proteins of related pathways were also studied by western blotting and immunofluorescence. We found that CD28 deficiency significantly reduced thoracic blast exposure-induced histopathological changes and decreased the levels of inflammatory-related factors, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and S100β. In the brain tissue, CD28 deficiency also significantly attenuated thoracic blast exposure-induced generation of ROS and expressions of MDA, TRX, SOD-1, and SOD-2; lowered the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, Cytochrome C, and Bad; and maintained Bcl-xL expression. Additionally, CD28 deficiency significantly ameliorated thoracic blast exposure-induced increases of p-PI3K and Keap1 and the decrease of Nrf2 expression in the brain. Our results indicate that CD28 deficiency has a protective effect on thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury that might be associated with the PI3K/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Cong
- 1College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang l10016, China
- 2Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theater command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Changci Tong
- 2Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theater command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Liu
- 2Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theater command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Shi
- 2Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theater command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiuyun Shi
- 2Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theater command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- 3Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Keshen Xiao
- 3Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 72, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongxu Jin
- 2Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theater command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yunen Liu
- 2Emergency Medicine Department of General Hospital of Northern theater command, Laboratory of Rescue Center of Severe Wound and Trauma PLA, No. 83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mingxiao Hou
- 1College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, No. 195, Chuangxin Road, Hunnan District, Shenyang l10016, China
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Mitchell D, Chintala S, Dey M. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell in immunity and cancer. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 322:63-73. [PMID: 30049538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) comprise a subset of dendritic cells characterized by their ability to produce large amount of type I interferon (IFN-I/α). Originally recognized for their role in modulating immune responses to viral stimulation, growing interest has been directed toward their contribution to tumorigenesis. Under normal conditions, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated pDCs exhibit robust IFN-α production and promote both innate and adaptive immune responses. In cancer, however, pDCs demonstrate an impaired response to TLR7/9 activation, decreased or absent IFN-α production and contribute to the establishment of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In addition to IFN-α production, pDCs can also act as antigen presenting cells (APCs) and regulate immune responses to various antigens. The significant role played by pDCs in regulating both the innate and adaptive components of the immune system makes them a critical player in cancer immunology. In this review, we discuss the development and function of pDCs as well as their role in innate and adaptive immunity. Finally, we summarize pDC contribution to cancer pathogenesis, with a special focus on primary malignant brain tumor, their significance in the era of immunotherapy and suggest potential strategies for pDC-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mitchell
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Chintala
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Mahua Dey
- Department of Neurosurgery, IU Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indiana, USA.
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Dallari S, Macal M, Loureiro ME, Jo Y, Swanson L, Hesser C, Ghosh P, Zuniga EI. Src family kinases Fyn and Lyn are constitutively activated and mediate plasmacytoid dendritic cell responses. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14830. [PMID: 28368000 PMCID: PMC5382270 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are type I interferon-producing cells with critical functions in a number of human illnesses; however, their molecular regulation is incompletely understood. Here we show the role of Src family kinases (SFK) in mouse and human pDCs. pDCs express Fyn and Lyn and their activating residues are phosphorylated both before and after Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimulation. Fyn or Lyn genetic ablation as well as treatment with SFK inhibitors ablate pDC (but not conventional DC) responses both in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of SFK activity not only alters TLR-ligand localization and inhibits downstream signalling events, but, independent of ex-vivo TLR stimulation, also affects constitutive phosphorylation of BCAP, an adaptor protein bridging PI3K and TLR pathways. Our data identify Fyn and Lyn as important factors that promote pDC responses, describe the mechanisms involved and highlight a tonic SFK-mediated signalling that precedes pathogen encounter, raising the possibility that small molecules targeting SFKs could modulate pDC responses in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dallari
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - M Macal
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - M E Loureiro
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Y Jo
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - L Swanson
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - C Hesser
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - P Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - E I Zuniga
- Molecular Biology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, USA
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Roncagalli R, Cucchetti M, Jarmuzynski N, Grégoire C, Bergot E, Audebert S, Baudelet E, Menoita MG, Joachim A, Durand S, Suchanek M, Fiore F, Zhang L, Liang Y, Camoin L, Malissen M, Malissen B. The scaffolding function of the RLTPR protein explains its essential role for CD28 co-stimulation in mouse and human T cells. J Exp Med 2016; 213:2437-2457. [PMID: 27647348 PMCID: PMC5068240 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In two complementary papers, Casanova, Malissen, and collaborators report the discovery of human RLTPR deficiency, the first primary immunodeficiency of the human CD28 pathway in T cells. Together, the two studies elucidate the largely (but not completely) overlapping roles of RLTPR in CD28 signaling in T and B cells of humans and mice. The RLTPR cytosolic protein, also known as CARMIL2, is essential for CD28 co-stimulation in mice, but its importance in human T cells and mode of action remain elusive. Here, using affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis, we showed that RLTPR acts as a scaffold, bridging CD28 to the CARD11/CARMA1 cytosolic adaptor and to the NF-κB signaling pathway, and identified proteins not found before within the CD28 signaling pathway. We further demonstrated that RLTPR is essential for CD28 co-stimulation in human T cells and that its noncanonical pleckstrin-homology domain, leucine-rich repeat domain, and proline-rich region were mandatory for that task. Although RLTPR is thought to function as an actin-uncapping protein, this property was dispensable for CD28 co-stimulation in both mouse and human. Our findings suggest that the scaffolding role of RLTPR predominates during CD28 co-stimulation and underpins the similar function of RLTPR in human and mouse T cells. Along that line, the lack of functional RLTPR molecules impeded the differentiation toward Th1 and Th17 fates of both human and mouse CD4+ T cells. RLTPR was also expressed in both human and mouse B cells. In the mouse, RLTPR did not play, however, any detectable role in BCR-mediated signaling and T cell-independent B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Margot Cucchetti
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Jarmuzynski
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Claude Grégoire
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Elise Bergot
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Baudelet
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marisa Goncalves Menoita
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Anais Joachim
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Durand
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | | | - Frédéric Fiore
- Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yinming Liang
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Luc Camoin
- CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Marie Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France .,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France .,Centre d'Immunophénomique, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
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