1
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Perri G, Vilas Boas VG, Nogueira MRS, Mello Júnior EJF, Coelho AL, Posadas EM, Hogaboam C, Cavassani KA, Campanelli AP. Interleukin 33 supports squamous cell carcinoma growth via a dual effect on tumour proliferation, migration and invasion, and T cell activation. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:110. [PMID: 38662248 PMCID: PMC11045681 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is an important cytokine in the tumour microenvironment; it is known to promote the growth and metastasis of solid cancers, such as gastric, colorectal, ovarian and breast cancer. Our group demonstrated that the IL-33/ST2 pathway enhances the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Conversely, other researchers have reported that IL-33 inhibits tumour progression. In addition, the crosstalk between IL-33, cancer cells and immune cells in SCC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IL-33 on the biology of head and neck SCC lines and to evaluate the impact of IL-33 neutralisation on the T cell response in a preclinical model of SCC. First, we identified epithelial and peritumoural cells as a major local source of IL-33 in human SCC samples. Next, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the addition of IL-33 significantly increased the proliferative index, motility and invasiveness of SCC-25 cells, and downregulated MYC gene expression in SCC cell lines. Finally, IL-33 blockade significantly delayed SCC growth and led to a marked decrease in the severity of skin lesions. Importantly, anti-IL-33 monoclonal antibody therapy increase the percentage of CD4+IFNγ+ T cells and decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells secreting IL-4 in tumour-draining lymph nodes. Together, these data suggest that the IL-33/ST2 pathway may be involved in the crosstalk between the tumour and immune cells by modulating the phenotype of head and neck SCC and T cell activity. IL-33 neutralisation may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Perri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Garcia Vilas Boas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Renata Sales Nogueira
- Research and Teaching Division, State Department of Health, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lucia Coelho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Cory Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Karen A Cavassani
- Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ana Paula Campanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Al. Dr. Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla, Bauru, SP, 17012-901, Brazil.
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2
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Wang X, Chen X, Chen J, Liao C, Yang X, Zhou J, Liu S, Ye S, Zheng Y, Huang L, Zhao J, Ye L, Huang B, Cao Y. Dopamine Receptor 1 Impedes ILC2-Mediated Antitumor Immunity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1418-1425. [PMID: 37728417 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Ever-growing evidence has revealed that group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) exhibit pleiotropic effects in antihelminth immunity, allergy, tissue protection, and cancer. Currently, the role of ILC2s in cancer is highly controversial regarding the intricate tumor microenvironment (TME), and the tumor-promoting or antitumor immunological mechanisms of ILC2s remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that dopamine receptor 1 (DRD1) restrains ILC2 activity in the TME. DRD1 deficiency promotes ILC2 activation, which irritates eosinophil recruitment and cytotoxic CD8+ T cell expansion during ongoing malignancy. Consequently, DRD1-deficient mice exhibit delayed tumor growth and reduced tumor progression. Furthermore, fenoldopam, a selective DRD1 agonist, restrains the ILC2 response in the TME and aggravates tumor burden in mice. Taken together, our data elaborate that the DRD1 signal acts as an excitatory rheostat in regulating ILC2-dependent antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Wang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jierong Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhui Liao
- Department of Orthodontics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhou
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linzi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiacong Zhao
- Institute of Human Virology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lilin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bihui Huang
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjiao Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Chan L, Mehrani Y, Minott JA, Bridle BW, Karimi K. Dendritic Cell Vaccines Impact the Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cell Population and Their Cytokine Generation in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1559. [PMID: 37896962 PMCID: PMC10610585 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines can stimulate the immune system to target cancer antigens, making them a promising therapy in immunotherapy. Clinical trials have shown limited effectiveness of DC vaccines, highlighting the need to enhance the immune responses they generate. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a diverse group of innate leukocytes that produce various cytokines and regulate the immune system. These cells have the potential to improve immunotherapies. There is not much research on how group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) communicate with DC vaccines. Therefore, examining the roles of DC vaccination in immune responses is crucial. Our research analyzed the effects of DC vaccination on the ILC2 populations and their cytokine production. By exploring the relationship between ILC2s and DCs, we aimed to understand how this could affect DC-based immunotherapies. The results showed an increase in the number of ILC2s in the local draining lymph node and spleen of tumor-free mice, as well as in the lungs of mice challenged with tumors in a pulmonary metastasis model. This suggests a complex interplay between DC-based vaccines and ILC2s, which is further influenced by the presence of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Chan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Yeganeh Mehrani
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad P.O. Box 91775-1111, Iran
| | - Jessica A. Minott
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
| | - Khalil Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.C.); (Y.M.); (J.A.M.)
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4
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Chatterjee A, Azevedo-Martins JM, Stachler MD. Interleukin-33 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Gastric Cancer Patients: Current Insights. Onco Targets Ther 2023; 16:675-687. [PMID: 37583706 PMCID: PMC10424681 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s389120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a significant global health problem as it is the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. While cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for advanced GC, response rates are limited. Recent progresses, focused on molecular signalling within gastric cancer, have ignited new hope for potential therapeutic targets that may improve survival and/or reduce the toxic effects of traditional therapies. Carcinomas are generally initiated when critical regulatory genes get mutated, but the progression to malignancy is usually supported by the non-neoplastic cells that create a conducive environment for transformation and progression to occur. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) functions as a dual activity cytokine as it is also a nuclear factor. IL-33 is usually present in the nuclei of the cells. Upon tissue damage, it is released into the extracellular space and binds to its receptor, suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) L, which is expressed on the membranes of the target cells. IL-33 signalling activates the T Helper 2 (Th2) immune response among other responses. Although the studies on the role of IL-33 in gastric cancer are still in the early stages, they have revealed potentially important (though sometimes conflicting) functions or roles in cancer development and progression. The pro-tumorigenic roles include induction and the recruitment of tumor-associated immune cells, promoting metaplasia progression, and inducing stem cell like and EMT properties in gastric cancer cells. Therapeutic interventions to disrupt these functions may provide a unique strategy for gastric cancer prevention and treatment. This review aims to provide a summary of the role of IL-33 in GC, state its multiple functions in relation to GC, and show potential avenues for promising therapeutic investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annesha Chatterjee
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pathology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Stachler
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Pathology, San Francisco, CA, USA
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5
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Zhang Y, Xue W, Xu C, Nan Y, Mei S, Ju D, Wang S, Zhang X. Innate Immunity in Cancer Biology and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11233. [PMID: 37510993 PMCID: PMC10379825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies including adaptive immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, have developed the treatment of cancer in clinic, and most of them focus on activating T cell immunity. Although these strategies have obtained unprecedented clinical responses, only limited subsets of cancer patients could receive long-term benefits, highlighting the demand for identifying novel targets for the new era of tumor immunotherapy. Innate immunity has been demonstrated to play a determinative role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and influence the clinical outcomes of tumor patients. A thorough comprehension of the innate immune cells that infiltrate tumors would allow for the development of new therapeutics. In this review, we outline the role and mechanism of innate immunity in TME. Moreover, we discuss innate immunity-based cancer immunotherapy in basic and clinical studies. Finally, we summarize the challenges in sufficiently motivating innate immune responses and the corresponding strategies and measures to improve anti-tumor efficacy. This review could aid the comprehension of innate immunity and inspire the creation of brand-new immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Xue
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caili Xu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yanyang Nan
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuang Mei
- Shanghai Tinova Immune Therapeutics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201413, China
| | - Dianwen Ju
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shaofei Wang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xuyao Zhang
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Immunotherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
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6
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Lim JX, Lai CY, Mallett GE, McDonald D, Hulme G, Laba S, Shapanis A, Payne M, Patterson W, Alexander M, Coxhead J, Filby A, Plummer R, Lovat PE, Sciume G, Healy E, Amarnath S. Programmed cell death-1 receptor-mediated regulation of Tbet +NK1.1 - innate lymphoid cells within the tumor microenvironment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2216587120. [PMID: 37098069 PMCID: PMC10161089 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216587120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a key role in tissue-mediated immunity and can be controlled by coreceptor signaling. Here, we define a subset of ILCs that are Tbet+NK1.1- and are present within the tumor microenvironment (TME). We show programmed death-1 receptor (PD-1) expression on ILCs within TME is found in Tbet+NK1.1- ILCs. PD-1 significantly controlled the proliferation and function of Tbet+NK1.1- ILCs in multiple murine and human tumors. We found tumor-derived lactate enhanced PD-1 expression on Tbet+NK1.1- ILCs within the TME, which resulted in dampened the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling along with increased fatty acid uptake. In line with these metabolic changes, PD-1-deficient Tbet+NK1.1- ILCs expressed significantly increased IFNγ and granzyme B and K. Furthermore, PD-1-deficient Tbet+NK1.1- ILCs contributed toward diminished tumor growth in an experimental murine model of melanoma. These data demonstrate that PD-1 can regulate antitumor responses of Tbet+NK1.1- ILCs within the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xuan Lim
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Medical School, Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Chester Y. Lai
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Grace E. Mallett
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Medical School, Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - David McDonald
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian Hulme
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Laba
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Shapanis
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Payne
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Warren Patterson
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Alexander
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Medical School, Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Coxhead
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Filby
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Plummer
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Penny E. Lovat
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Sciume
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome Laboratory affiliation to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome00161, Italy
| | - Eugene Healy
- Dermatopharmacology, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
- Dermatology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, SouthamptonSO16 6YD, United Kingdom
| | - Shoba Amarnath
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Medical School, Newcastle University,Newcastle upon TyneNE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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7
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Magnusson FC, Bahhar I. Helper innate lymphoid cells as cell therapy for cancer. Immunology 2023; 168:569-579. [PMID: 36288454 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the first cancer immunotherapy was given in the clinic more than a century ago, this line of treatment has remained more of a distant goal than a practical therapy due to limited understanding of the tumour microenvironment and the mechanisms at play within it, which led to failures of numerous clinical trials. However, in the last two decades, the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor-T cell therapies have revolutionized the treatment of cancer and provided proof-of-concept that immunotherapies are a viable option. So far, immunotherapies have majoritarily focused on utilizing T cells; however, T cells are not autonomous but rather function as part of, and therefore are influenced by, a vast cast of other immune cells, including innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). Here, we summarize the role of ILCs, especially helper ILCs, in tumour development, progression and metastasis, as well as their potential to be used as immunotherapy for cancer. By reviewing the studies that used helper ILCs as adoptive cell therapy (ACT), we highlight the rationale behind considering these cells as novel ACT for cancer as well as identify open questions and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fay C Magnusson
- Cancer Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilham Bahhar
- Cancer Research Center, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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8
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Chen Z, Han F, Du Y, Shi H, Zhou W. Hypoxic microenvironment in cancer: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:70. [PMID: 36797231 PMCID: PMC9935926 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01332-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Having a hypoxic microenvironment is a common and salient feature of most solid tumors. Hypoxia has a profound effect on the biological behavior and malignant phenotype of cancer cells, mediates the effects of cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy through complex mechanisms, and is closely associated with poor prognosis in various cancer patients. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that through normalization of the tumor vasculature, nanoparticle carriers and biocarriers can effectively increase the oxygen concentration in the tumor microenvironment, improve drug delivery and the efficacy of radiotherapy. They also increase infiltration of innate and adaptive anti-tumor immune cells to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Furthermore, drugs targeting key genes associated with hypoxia, including hypoxia tracers, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, and drugs targeting hypoxia-inducible factors and downstream targets, can be used for visualization and quantitative analysis of tumor hypoxia and antitumor activity. However, the relationship between hypoxia and cancer is an area of research that requires further exploration. Here, we investigated the potential factors in the development of hypoxia in cancer, changes in signaling pathways that occur in cancer cells to adapt to hypoxic environments, the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced cancer immune tolerance, chemotherapeutic tolerance, and enhanced radiation tolerance, as well as the insights and applications of hypoxia in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fangfang Han
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Du
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Huaqing Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China. .,Lanzhou University Sencond Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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9
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Garofalo C, Cerantonio A, Muscoli C, Mollace V, Viglietto G, De Marco C, Cristiani CM. Helper Innate Lymphoid Cells-Unappreciated Players in Melanoma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030933. [PMID: 36765891 PMCID: PMC9913873 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapy have dramatically changed the outcome of metastatic melanoma patients. Although immune checkpoints were developed based on the biology of adaptive T cells, they have subsequently been shown to be expressed by other subsets of immune cells. Similarly, the immunomodulatory properties of targeted therapy have been studied primarily with respect to T lymphocytes, but other subsets of immune cells could be affected. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are considered the innate counterpart of T lymphocytes and include cytotoxic natural killer cells, as well as three helper subsets, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3. Thanks to their tissue distribution and their ability to respond rapidly to environmental stimuli, ILCs play a central role in shaping immunity. While the role of NK cells in melanoma physiopathology and therapy is well established, little is known about the other helper ILC subsets. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the ability of the melanoma TME to influence the phenotype and functional plasticity of helper ILCs and highlight how this subset may in turn shape the TME. We also discuss changes in the melanoma TME induced by targeted therapy that could affect helper ILC functions, the expression of immune checkpoints on this subset and how their inhibition by ICIs may modulate helper ILC function and contribute to therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Garofalo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cerantonio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Science, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmela De Marco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Costanza Maria Cristiani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
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10
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Yaping W, Zhe W, Zhuling C, Ruolei L, Pengyu F, Lili G, Cheng J, Bo Z, Liuyin L, Guangdong H, Yaoling W, Niuniu H, Rui L. The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Front Genet 2022; 13:988703. [PMID: 36246629 PMCID: PMC9558824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.988703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) are a key component. Different types of TIICs play distinct roles. CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells could secrete soluble factors to hinder tumor cell growth, whereas regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) release inhibitory factors to promote tumor growth and progression. In the meantime, a growing body of evidence illustrates that the balance between pro- and anti-tumor responses of TIICs is associated with the prognosis in the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, in order to boost anti-tumor response and improve the clinical outcome of tumor patients, a variety of anti-tumor strategies for targeting TIICs based on their respective functions have been developed and obtained good treatment benefits, including mainly immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), adoptive cell therapies (ACT), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and various monoclonal antibodies. In recent years, the tumor-specific features of immune cells are further investigated by various methods, such as using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and the results indicate that these cells have diverse phenotypes in different types of tumors and emerge inconsistent therapeutic responses. Hence, we concluded the recent advances in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including functions, prognostic values, and various immunotherapy strategies for each immune cell in different tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yaping
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Zhe
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Chu Zhuling
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ruolei
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fan Pengyu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guo Lili
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhang Bo
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Liu Liuyin
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hou Guangdong
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wang Yaoling
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hou Niuniu
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of General Surgery, Eastern Theater Air Force Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
| | - Ling Rui
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Vascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hou Niuniu, ; Ling Rui,
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11
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Bergmann C, Poli A, Agache I, Bianchini R, Bax HJ, Castells M, Crescioli S, Dombrowicz D, Ferastraoaru D, Fiebiger E, Gould HJ, Hartmann K, Izquierdo E, Jordakieva G, Josephs DH, Jutel M, Levi‐Schaffer F, de las Vecillas L, Lotze MT, Osborn G, Pascal M, Redegeld F, Rosenstreich D, Roth‐Walter F, Schmidt‐Weber C, Shamji M, Steveling EH, Turner MC, Untersmayr E, Jensen‐Jarolim E, Karagiannis SN. AllergoOncology: Danger signals in allergology and oncology: A European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Position Paper. Allergy 2022; 77:2594-2617. [PMID: 35152450 PMCID: PMC9545837 DOI: 10.1111/all.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The immune system interacts with many nominal 'danger' signals, endogenous danger-associated (DAMP), exogenous pathogen (PAMP) and allergen (AAMP)-associated molecular patterns. The immune context under which these are received can promote or prevent immune activating or inflammatory mechanisms and may orchestrate diverse immune responses in allergy and cancer. Each can act either by favouring a respective pathology or by supporting the immune response to confer protective effects, depending on acuity or chronicity. In this Position Paper under the collective term danger signals or DAMPs, PAMPs and AAMPs, we consider their diverse roles in allergy and cancer and the connection between these in AllergoOncology. We focus on their interactions with different immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and how these promote immune responses with juxtaposing clinical outcomes in allergy and cancer. While danger signals present potential targets to overcome inflammatory responses in allergy, these may be reconsidered in relation to a history of allergy, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity linked to the risk of developing cancer, and with regard to clinical responses to anti-cancer immune and targeted therapies. Cross-disciplinary insights in AllergoOncology derived from dissecting clinical phenotypes of common danger signal pathways may improve allergy and cancer clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bergmann
- Department of OtorhinolaryngologyRKM740 Interdisciplinary ClinicsDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Aurélie Poli
- Neuro‐Immunology GroupDepartment of OncologyLuxembourg Institute of HealthLuxembourgLuxembourg
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of MedicineTransylania University BrasovBrasovRomania
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Comparative MedicineThe Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Heather J. Bax
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesGuy's Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kindgom,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mariana Castells
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Silvia Crescioli
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesGuy's Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kindgom
| | - David Dombrowicz
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille U1011‐EGIDLilleFrance
| | - Denisa Ferastraoaru
- Department of Internal Medicine/Allergy and Immunology, Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Research, Department of Medicine ResearchChildren's University Hospital BostonBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Hannah J. Gould
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical BiosciencesKing's College London, New Hunt's HouseLondonUnited Kingdom,Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of AsthmaLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of DermatologyUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- IMMA, School of Medicine, Institute of Applied Molecular MedicineCEU San Pablo UniversityMadridSpain
| | - Galateja Jordakieva
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation and Occupational MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Debra H. Josephs
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesGuy's Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kindgom,School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuy's Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland,ALL‐MED Medical Research InstituteWroclawPoland
| | - Francesca Levi‐Schaffer
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Unit, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of MedicineThe Institute for Drug Research, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | | | - Michael T. Lotze
- G.27A Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gabriel Osborn
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesGuy's Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kindgom
| | - Mariona Pascal
- Department of Immunology, CDB, Hospital Clinic de BarcelonaInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Frank Redegeld
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of ScienceUtrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - David Rosenstreich
- Department of Internal Medicine/Allergy and Immunology, Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNew YorkUSA
| | - Franziska Roth‐Walter
- Comparative MedicineThe Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria,Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Carsten Schmidt‐Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM)Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental HealthMunichGermany,German Center for Lung Research (DZL)MunichGermany
| | - Mohamed Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Imperial College London, and Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | - Eva Untersmayr
- Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Comparative MedicineThe Interuniversity Messerli Research InstituteUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaMedical University of ViennaUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria,Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and ImmunologyInstitute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sophia N. Karagiannis
- St. John's Institute of DermatologySchool of Basic & Medical BiosciencesGuy's Hospital, King's College LondonLondonUnited Kindgom,Breast Cancer Now Research UnitSchool of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital,LondonSE1 9RTUnited Kindgom
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12
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Badrani JH, Strohm AN, Lacasa L, Civello B, Cavagnero K, Haung YA, Amadeo M, Naji LH, Lund SJ, Leng A, Kim H, Baum RE, Khorram N, Mondal M, Seumois G, Pilotte J, Vanderklish PW, McGee HM, Doherty TA. RNA-binding protein RBM3 intrinsically suppresses lung innate lymphoid cell activation and inflammation partially through CysLT1R. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4435. [PMID: 35908044 PMCID: PMC9338970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) promote lung inflammation in asthma through cytokine production. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators, although less is known about RBPs in ILC biology. Here, we demonstrate that RNA-binding motif 3 (RBM3) is highly expressed in lung ILCs and is further induced by alarmins TSLP and IL-33. Rbm3-/- and Rbm3-/-Rag2-/- mice exposed to asthma-associated Alternaria allergen develop enhanced eosinophilic lung inflammation and ILC activation. IL-33 stimulation studies in vivo and in vitro show that RBM3 suppressed lung ILC responses. Further, Rbm3-/- ILCs from bone marrow chimeric mice display increased ILC cytokine production suggesting an ILC-intrinsic suppressive function of RBM3. RNA-sequencing of Rbm3-/- lung ILCs demonstrates increased expression of type 2/17 cytokines and cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor (CysLT1R). Finally, Rbm3-/-Cyslt1r-/- mice show dependence on CysLT1R for accumulation of ST2+IL-17+ ILCs. Thus, RBM3 intrinsically regulates lung ILCs during allergen-induced type 2 inflammation that is partially dependent on CysLT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana H. Badrani
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Allyssa N. Strohm
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Lee Lacasa
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Blake Civello
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Kellen Cavagnero
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Yung-An Haung
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.145695.a0000 0004 1798 0922Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Amadeo
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Luay H. Naji
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Sean J. Lund
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Anthea Leng
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Hyojoung Kim
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Rachel E. Baum
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Naseem Khorram
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Monalisa Mondal
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162La Jolla Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Grégory Seumois
- grid.185006.a0000 0004 0461 3162La Jolla Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Julie Pilotte
- grid.214007.00000000122199231The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | | | - Heather M. McGee
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.250671.70000 0001 0662 7144NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA USA ,grid.410425.60000 0004 0421 8357Departments of Radiation Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA USA ,Department of Molecular Medicine, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Taylor A. Doherty
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Divison of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA ,Veterans Affairs San Diego Health Care System, La Jolla, CA USA
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13
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Ikutani M, Nakae S. Heterogeneity of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Defines Their Pleiotropic Roles in Cancer, Obesity, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:939378. [PMID: 35844571 PMCID: PMC9278653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.939378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are typically known for their ability to respond rapidly to parasitic infections and play a pivotal role in the development of certain allergic disorders. ILC2s produce cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 similar to the type 2 T helper (Th2) cells. Recent findings have highlighted that ILC2s, together with IL-33 and eosinophils, participate in a considerably broad range of physiological roles such as anti-tumor immunity, metabolic regulation, and vascular disorders. Therefore, the focus of the ILC2 study has been extended from conventional Th2 responses to these unexplored areas of research. However, disease outcomes accompanied by ILC2 activities are paradoxical mostly in tumor immunity requiring further investigations. Although various environmental factors that direct the development, activation, and localization of ILC2s have been studied, IL-33/ILC2/eosinophil axis is presumably central in a multitude of inflammatory conditions and has guided the research in ILC2 biology. With a particular focus on this axis, we discuss ILC2s across different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ikutani
- Laboratory of Immunology, Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masashi Ikutani, ; Susumu Nakae,
| | - Susumu Nakae
- Laboratory of Immunology, Program of Food and AgriLife Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masashi Ikutani, ; Susumu Nakae,
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14
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Crosstalk between macrophages and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:108937. [PMID: 35779490 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and macrophages are tissue-resident cells that play important roles in tissue-immune homeostasis and immune regulation. ILCs are mainly distributed on the barrier surfaces of mammals to ensure immunity or tissue homeostasis following host, microbial, or environmental stimulation. Their complex relationships with different organs enable them to respond quickly to disturbances in environmental conditions and organ homeostasis, such as during infections and tissue damage. Gradually emerging evidence suggests that ILCs also play complex and diverse roles in macrophage development, homeostasis, polarization, inflammation, and viral infection. In turn, macrophages also determine the fate of ILCs to some extent, which indicates that network crossover between these interactions is a key determinant of the immune response. More work is needed to better define the crosstalk of ILCs with macrophages in different tissues and demonstrate how it is affected during inflammation and other diseases. Here, we summarize current research on the functional interactions between ILCs and macrophages and consider the potential therapeutic utility of these interactions for the benefit of human health.
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15
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Zebboudj A, Amisaki M, Balachandran VP. ILC2s-Bipartisan politicians in cancer. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabq2791. [PMID: 35658014 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq2791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are lymphocytes that both promote and suppress antitumor immunity. Jou and colleagues now report in colorectal tumorigenesis that the cytokine interleukin-25 activates ILC2s to induce myeloid cells that suppress antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderezak Zebboudj
- Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Masataka Amisaki
- Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vinod P Balachandran
- Immuno-Oncology Service, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,David M. Rubenstein Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Nong C, Guan P, Li L, Zhang H, Hu H. Tumor immunotherapy: Mechanisms and clinical applications. MEDCOMM – ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mog2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Nong
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Pengbo Guan
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Center for Immunology and Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu China
- Chongqing International Institution for Immunology Chongqing China
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17
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Sugimura R, Chao Y. Deciphering Innate Immune Cell-Tumor Microenvironment Crosstalk at a Single-Cell Level. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803947. [PMID: 35646915 PMCID: PMC9140036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment encompasses various innate immune cells which regulate tumor progression. Exploiting innate immune cells is a new frontier of cancer immunotherapy. However, the classical surface markers for cell-type classification cannot always well-conclude the phenotype, which will further hinge our understanding. The innate immune cells include dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, natural killer cells, and innate lymphoid cells. They play important roles in tumor growth and survival, in some cases promoting cancer, in other cases negating cancer. The precise characterization of innate immune cells at the single-cell level will boost the potential of cancer immunotherapy. With the development of single-cell RNA sequencing technology, the transcriptome of each cell in the tumor microenvironment can be dissected at a single-cell level, which paves a way for a better understanding of the cell type and its functions. Here, we summarize the subtypes and functions of innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment based on recent literature on single-cell technology. We provide updates on recent achievements and prospects for how to exploit novel functions of tumor-associated innate immune cells and target them for cancer immunotherapy.
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18
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Sun R, Gao DS, Shoush J, Lu B. The IL-1 family in tumorigenesis and antitumor immunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:280-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Dual Effect of Immune Cells within Tumour Microenvironment: Pro- and Anti-Tumour Effects and Their Triggers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071681. [PMID: 35406451 PMCID: PMC8996887 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our body is constantly exposed to pathogens or external threats, but with the immune response that our body can develop, we can fight off and defeat possible attacks or infections. Nevertheless, sometimes this threat comes from an internal factor. Situations such as the existence of a tumour also cause our immune system (IS) to be put on alert. Indeed, the link between immunology and cancer is evident these days, with IS being used as one of the important targets for treating cancer. Our IS is able to eliminate those abnormal or damaged cells found in our body, preventing the uncontrolled proliferation of tumour cells that can lead to cancer. However, in several cases, tumour cells can escape from the IS. It has been observed that immune cells, the extracellular matrix, blood vessels, fat cells and various molecules could support tumour growth and development. Thus, the developing tumour receives structural support, irrigation and energy, among other resources, making its survival and progression possible. All these components that accompany and help the tumour to survive and to grow are called the tumour microenvironment (TME). Given the importance of its presence in the tumour development process, this review will focus on one of the components of the TME: immune cells. Immune cells can support anti-tumour immune response protecting us against tumour cells; nevertheless, they can also behave as pro-tumoural cells, thus promoting tumour progression and survival. In this review, the anti-tumour and pro-tumour immunity of several immune cells will be discussed. In addition, the TME influence on this dual effect will be also analysed.
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20
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Abstract
The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family is composed of natural killer (NK) cells, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3, which participate in immune responses to virus, bacteria, parasites and transformed cells. ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 subsets are mostly tissue-resident, and are profoundly imprinted by their organ of residence. They exhibit pleiotropic effects, driving seemingly paradoxical responses such as tissue repair and, alternatively, immunopathology toward allergens and promotion of tumorigenesis. Despite this, a trickle of studies now suggests that non-NK ILCs may not be overwhelmingly tumorigenic and could potentially be harnessed to drive anti-tumor responses. Here, we examine the pleiotropic behavior of ILCs in cancer and begin to unravel the gap in our knowledge that exposes a new horizon for thinking about modifying ILCs and targeting them for immunotherapy.
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21
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Huang F, Chen WY, Ma J, He XL, Wang JW. Paradoxical role of interleukin-33/suppressor of tumorigenicity 2 in colorectal carcinogenesis: Progress and therapeutic potential. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:23-34. [PMID: 35071502 PMCID: PMC8727260 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is presently the second most prevalent global mortality-inducing cancer. CRC carcinogenesis is a multifactorial process involving internal genetic mutations and the external environment. In addition, non-neoplastic cell activities within tumor microenvironments for CRC development have been established. However, interleukin (IL)-33, secreted by such cell types, plays a pivotal role in cancer progression due to interaction with cellular constituents within the tumor-inflammation microenvironment. IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 cytokine family and acts as binding attachments for the suppressor of tumorigenicity (ST)2 receptor. Therefore, how to coordinate tumor microenvironment, design and optimize treatment strategies suitable for CRC, based on IL-33/ST2 signal is a challenge. Even though it has established influences upon immunity-linked conditions, IL-33 effects on CRC progression and prevention and related mechanisms are still controversial. Our review depicts controversial activities for IL-33/ST2 within carcinogenesis and cancer prevention. Moreover, IL-33/ST2 signaling is a potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Gland Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Lei He
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Center, Zhejiang Provincial Peoples’ Hospital, Peoples’ Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, China
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22
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Xu X, Ye L, Zhang Q, Shen H, Li S, Zhang X, Ye M, Liang T. Group-2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote HCC Progression Through CXCL2-Neutrophil-Induced Immunosuppression. Hepatology 2021; 74:2526-2543. [PMID: 33829508 PMCID: PMC8597094 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Due to their inherent characteristics, the function of group-2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) varies in a context-dependent manner. ILC2s are involved in certain liver diseases; however, their involvement in HCC is unknown. In the present study, we assessed the role of an HCC-derived ILC2 population in tumor progression. APPROACH AND RESULTS Through FACS and single-cell RNA sequencing, we discovered that ILC2s were highly enriched in human HCC and correlated significantly with tumor recurrence and worse progression-free survival as well as overall survival in patients. Mass cytometry identified a subset of HCC-derived ILC2s that had lost the expression of killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G, member 1 (KLRG1). Distinct from their circulating counterparts, these hepatic ILC2s highly expressed CD69 and an array of tissue resident-related genes. Furthermore, reduction of E-cadherin in tumor cells caused the loss of KLRG1 expression in ILC2s, leading to their increased proliferation and subsequent accumulation in HCC sites. The KLRG1- ILC2 subset showed elevated production of chemotaxis factors, including C-X-C motif chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL)-2 and CXCL8, which in turn recruited neutrophils to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment, leading to tumor progression. Accordingly, restoring KLRG1 in ILC2s, inhibiting CXCL2 in ILC2s, or depleting neutrophils inhibited tumor progression in a murine HCC model. CONCLUSIONS We identified HCC-associated ILC2s as an immune regulatory cell type that promotes tumor development, suggesting that targeting these ILC2s might lead to new treatments for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyuan Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Hang Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Mao Ye
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhouChina
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgerythe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic DiseaseHangzhouChina,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Disease of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
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23
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Wagner M, Koyasu S. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Skin Homeostasis and Malignancy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758522. [PMID: 34691082 PMCID: PMC8531516 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are mostly tissue resident lymphocytes that are preferentially enriched in barrier tissues such as the skin. Although they lack the expression of somatically rearranged antigen receptors present on T and B cells, ILCs partake in multiple immune pathways by regulating tissue inflammation and potentiating adaptive immunity. Emerging evidence indicates that ILCs play a critical role in the control of melanoma, a type of skin malignancy thought to trigger immunity mediated mainly by adaptive immune responses. Here, we compile our current understanding of ILCs with regard to their role as the first line of defence against melanoma development and progression. We also discuss areas that merit further investigation. We envisage that the possibility to harness therapeutic potential of ILCs might benefit patients suffering from skin malignancies such as melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Wagner
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shigeo Koyasu
- Laboratory for Immune Cell Systems, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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24
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Zhao N, Zhu W, Wang J, Liu W, Kang L, Yu R, Liu B. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells promote TNBC lung metastasis via the IL-13-MDSC axis in a murine tumor model. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107924. [PMID: 34217145 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are reportedly associated with the progression of many tumors. However, the role of ILC2s in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lung metastasis remains unclear. In this study, we found that ILC2s may be a key element in the process of TNBC lung metastasis since the adoptive transfer of pulmonary ILC2s increased the numbers of metastatic lung nodules and reduced the survival of tumor-bearing mice. ILC2-promoted 4 T1 lung metastasis appears to be related to ILC2-derived IL-13. An expansion of IL-13-producing ILC2s and an elevated expression of IL-13 mRNA in pulmonary ILC2s were determined in tumor-bearing mice, in parallel with an increase in the levels of local IL-13 by ILC2 transfer. The neutralization of IL-13 reduced the increased pulmonary metastatic nodules and improved the decreased survival rate caused by ILC2-adoptive transfer. Interestingly, adoptive transfer of ILC2s elevated IL-13Ra1 expression in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Treatment of ILC2-transferred tumor-bearing mice with anti-IL-13 antibodies significantly diminished the number of pulmonary MDSCs and inhibited MDSC activation. Moreover, when pulmonary MDSCs were cocultured with ILC2s in the presence of an anti-IL-13 mAb, the number and activation of MDSCs were reduced. Depletion of MDSCs may promote the proliferation of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells, but reduce the expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lungs of ILC2-transferred tumor-bearing mice. Our results suggest that pulmonary ILC2s may promote TNBC lung metastasis via the ILC2-derived IL-13-activated MDSC pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Medical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Longdan Kang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Beixing Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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25
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Szudy-Szczyrek A, Ahern S, Kozioł M, Majowicz D, Szczyrek M, Krawczyk J, Hus M. Therapeutic Potential of Innate Lymphoid Cells for Multiple Myeloma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4806. [PMID: 34638291 PMCID: PMC8507621 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified family of lymphocyte-like cells lacking a specific antigen receptor. They are part of the innate immune system. They play a key role in tissue homeostasis and also control inflammatory and neoplastic processes. In response to environmental stimuli, ILCs change their phenotype and functions, and influence the activity of other cells in the microenvironment. ILC dysfunction can lead to a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. ILC can be divided into three subgroups: ILC Group 1, comprising NK cells and ILC1; Group 2, including ILC2 alone; and Group 3, containing Lymphoid Tissue inducers (LTi) and ILC3 cells. While Group 1 ILCs mainly exert antitumour activity, Group 2 and Group 3 ILCs are protumorigenic in nature. A growing body of preclinical and clinical data support the role of ILCs in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). Therefore, targeting ILCs may be of clinical benefit. In this manuscript, we review the available data on the role of ILCs in MM immunology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Sean Ahern
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (J.K.)
- National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Magdalena Kozioł
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Daria Majowicz
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Michał Szczyrek
- Chair and Department of Pneumonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, University Hospital Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (S.A.); (J.K.)
- National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Marek Hus
- Chair and Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (D.M.)
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26
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27
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Qi J, Crinier A, Escalière B, Ye Y, Wang Z, Zhang T, Batista L, Liu H, Hong L, Wu N, Zhang M, Chen L, Liu Y, Shen L, Narni-Mancinelli E, Vivier E, Su B. Single-cell transcriptomic landscape reveals tumor specific innate lymphoid cells associated with colorectal cancer progression. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100353. [PMID: 34467243 PMCID: PMC8385246 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue-resident lymphocytes differing from conventional T lymphocytes in having no antigen-specific receptors. ILCs include natural killer (NK) cells, helper-like ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s, and lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells. Tumor ILCs are frequently found in various cancers, but their roles in cancer immunity and immunotherapy remain largely unclear. We report here the single-cell characterization of blood and gut helper-like ILC subsets in healthy conditions and in colorectal cancer (CRC). The healthy gut contains ILC1s, ILC3s, and ILC3/NKs, but no ILC2s. Additional tumor-specific ILC1-like and ILC2 subsets were identified in CRC patients. Signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 1 (SLAMF1) was found to be selectively expressed on tumor-specific ILCs, and higher levels of SLAMF1+ ILCs were observed in the blood of CRC patients. The SLAMF1-high group of CRC patients had a significantly higher survival rate than the SLAMF1-low group, suggesting that SLAMF1 is an anti-tumor biomarker in CRC. Healthy gut contains ILC1s, ILC3s, and ILC3/NKs, but no ILC2s Blood and tumor ILCs from CRC patients have unique transcriptomic features Tumor tissue from CRC patients contains a tumor specific ILC1-like subset and ILC2s SLAMF1 is identified as an anti-tumor biomarker in CRC
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qi
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Adeline Crinier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Bertrand Escalière
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Youqiong Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhengting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Luciana Batista
- Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Hongzhi Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liwen Hong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ningbo Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mingnan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Eric Vivier
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France.,Innate Pharma Research Laboratories, Innate Pharma, 13009 Marseille, France.,Immunology, Marseille Immunopole, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, and the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and Differentiation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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28
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Raja R, Wu C, Limbeck F, Butler K, Acharya AP, Curtis M. Instruction of Immunometabolism by Adipose Tissue: Implications for Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133327. [PMID: 34283042 PMCID: PMC8267940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Metabolism is the process by which living organisms and cells generate energy to sustain life. At the organismal level, metabolic homeostasis is a tightly controlled balance between energy consumption and energy expenditure. Many studies have shown that disruption of this homeostasis leads to an inflammatory phenotype within adipose tissue. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the dynamic metabolic interplay within adipose tissue and its implications for cancer progression and metastasis. Abstract Disruption of metabolic homeostasis at the organismal level can cause metabolic syndrome associated with obesity. The role of adipose tissue in cancer has been investigated over the last several decades with many studies implicating obesity as a risk factor for the development of cancer. Adipose tissue contains a diverse array of immune cell populations that promote metabolic homeostasis through a tightly controlled balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. During obesity, pro-inflammatory cell types infiltrate and expand within the adipose tissue, exacerbating metabolic dysfunction. Some studies have now shown that the intracellular metabolism of immune cells is also deregulated by the lipid-rich environment in obesity. What is not fully understood, is how this may influence cancer progression, metastasis, and anti-tumor immunity. This review seeks to highlight our current understanding of the effect of adipose tissue on immune cell function and discuss how recent results offer new insight into the role that adipose tissue plays in cancer progression and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Raja
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (R.R.); (C.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Christopher Wu
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (R.R.); (C.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Francesca Limbeck
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (R.R.); (C.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Kristina Butler
- Division of Gynecologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA;
| | - Abhinav P. Acharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Marion Curtis
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA; (R.R.); (C.W.); (F.L.)
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- Correspondence:
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29
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The Janus Face of IL-33 Signaling in Tumor Development and Immune Escape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133281. [PMID: 34209038 PMCID: PMC8268428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is often released from damaged cells, acting as a danger signal. IL-33 exerts its function by interacting with its receptor suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) that is constitutively expressed on most immune cells. Therefore, IL-33/ST2 signaling can modulate immune responses to participate actively in a variety of pathological conditions, such as cancer. Like a two-faced Janus, which faces opposite directions, IL-33/ST2 signaling may play contradictory roles on its impact on cancer progression through both immune and nonimmune cellular components. Accumulating evidence demonstrates both pro- and anti-tumorigenic properties of IL-33, depending on the complex nature of different tumor immune microenvironments. We summarize and discuss the most recent studies on the contradictory effects of IL-33 on cancer progression and treatment, with a goal to better understanding the various ways for IL-33 as a therapeutic target. Abstract Interleukin-33 (IL-33), a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, plays a critical role in maintaining tissue homeostasis as well as pathological conditions, such as allergy, infectious disease, and cancer, by promoting type 1 and 2 immune responses. Through its specific receptor ST2, IL-33 exerts multifaceted functions through the activation of diverse intracellular signaling pathways. ST2 is expressed in different types of immune cells, including Th2 cells, Th1 cells, CD8+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), cytotoxic NK cells, group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), and myeloid cells. During cancer initiation and progression, the aberrant regulation of the IL-33/ST2 axis in the tumor microenvironment (TME) extrinsically and intrinsically mediates immune editing via modulation of both innate and adaptive immune cell components. The summarized results in this review suggest that IL-33 exerts dual-functioning, pro- as well as anti-tumorigenic effects depending on the tumor type, expression levels, cellular context, and cytokine milieu. A better understanding of the distinct roles of IL-33 in epithelial, stromal, and immune cell compartments will benefit the development of a targeting strategy for this IL-33/ST2 axis for cancer immunotherapy.
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30
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Jiang W, Lian J, Yue Y, Zhang Y. IL-33/ST2 as a potential target for tumor immunotherapy. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:1943-1955. [PMID: 34131922 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IL-33, a member of the IL-1 family, was initially reported to be expressed constitutively in the nucleus of tissue-lining and structural cells. However, upon tissue damage or injury, IL-33 can be released quickly to bind with its cognate receptor ST2 in response to wound healing and inflammation and act as a DAMP. As a key regulator of Th2 responses, IL-33/ST2 signal is primarily associated with immunity and immune-related disorders. In recent years, IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway has been reported to promote the development of cancer and remodel the tumor microenvironment by expanding immune suppressive cells such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells or regulatory T cells. However, its role remains controversial in some tumor settings. IL-33 could also promote effective infiltration of immune cells such as CD8+ T and NK cells, which act as antitumor. These dual effects may limit the clinical application to target this cytokine axis. Therefore, more comprehensive exploration and deeper understanding of IL-33 are required. In this review, we summarized the IL-33/ST2 axis versatile roles in the tumor microenvironment with a focus on the IL-33-target immune cells and downstream signaling pathways. We also discuss how the IL-33/ST2 axis could be used as a potential therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Jiang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyao Lian
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan Medical College Hospital Workers, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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31
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Schreiber S, Hammers CM, Kaasch AJ, Schraven B, Dudeck A, Kahlfuss S. Metabolic Interdependency of Th2 Cell-Mediated Type 2 Immunity and the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:632581. [PMID: 34135885 PMCID: PMC8201396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.632581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of T cells is critically dependent on their ability to generate metabolic building blocks to fulfil energy demands for proliferation and consecutive differentiation into various T helper (Th) cells. Th cells then have to adapt their metabolism to specific microenvironments within different organs during physiological and pathological immune responses. In this context, Th2 cells mediate immunity to parasites and are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma, while CD8+ T cells and Th1 cells mediate immunity to viruses and tumors. Importantly, recent studies have investigated the metabolism of Th2 cells in more detail, while others have studied the influence of Th2 cell-mediated type 2 immunity on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and on tumor progression. We here review recent findings on the metabolism of Th2 cells and discuss how Th2 cells contribute to antitumor immunity. Combining the evidence from both types of studies, we provide here for the first time a perspective on how the energy metabolism of Th2 cells and the TME interact. Finally, we elaborate how a more detailed understanding of the unique metabolic interdependency between Th2 cells and the TME could reveal novel avenues for the development of immunotherapies in treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Schreiber
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Achim J. Kaasch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GCI-3), Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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32
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Tumor-Derived Lactic Acid Contributes to the Paucity of Intratumoral ILC2s. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2743-2757.e5. [PMID: 32101749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are abundant in non-lymphoid tissues and increase following infectious and inflammatory insults. In solid tumors, however, ILC2s constitute a relatively small proportion of immune cells. Here, we show, using melanoma as a model, that while the IL-33/IL C2/eosinophil axis suppresses tumor growth, tumor-derived lactate attenuates the function and survival of ILC2s. Melanomas with reduced lactate production (LDHAlow) are growth delayed and typified by an increased number of ILC2s compared with control tumors. Upon IL-33 stimulation, ILC2s accompanied by eosinophils more effectively restrain the growth of LDHAlow tumors than control melanomas. Furthermore, database analysis reveals a negative correlation between the expression of LDHA and markers associated with ILC2s and the association of high expression of IL33 and an eosinophil marker SIGLEC8 with better overall survival in human cutaneous melanoma patients. This work demonstrates that the balance between the IL-33/ILC2/eosinophil axis and lactate production by tumor cells regulates melanoma growth.
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33
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Wan J, Wu Y, Huang L, Tian Y, Ji X, Abdelaziz MH, Cai W, Dineshkumar K, Lei Y, Yao S, Sun C, Su Z, Wang S, Xu H. ILC2-derived IL-9 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by activating CD8 + T cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:34-43. [PMID: 33429004 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), characterized by secretion of type 2 cytokines, regulate multiple immune responses. ILC2s are found in different tumor tissues, and ILC2-derived interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 act on the cells in tumor microenvironment to participate in tumor progression. ILC2s are abundant in colorectal cancer (CRC) tissue, but the role of ILC2s in CRC remains unclear. In this study, we found that the percentage of ILC2s was higher in CRC tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue and that these ILC2s were the dominant IL-9-secreting cell-subsets in CRC tissue, as shown by flow cytometry analysis. ILC2s-derived IL-9 could activate CD8+ T cells to inhibit tumor growth, while anti-IL-9 reversed this effect. In vivo experiments showed that neutralizing ILC2s promoted tumor growth, while tumor inhibition occurred by intravenous injection of IL-9. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that ILC2-derived IL-9 could activate CD8+ T cells to promote anti-tumor effects in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wan
- The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yinqiu Wu
- The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yu Tian
- The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ji
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | | | - Wei Cai
- The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Kesavan Dineshkumar
- The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yuqing Lei
- The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Shun Yao
- Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Caixia Sun
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- The Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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Tissue signals imprint Aiolos expression in ILC2s to modulate type 2 immunity. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1306-1322. [PMID: 34349237 PMCID: PMC8528704 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00431-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) manifest tissue heterogeneity and are crucial modulators of regional immune responses. The molecular mechanisms regulating tissue ILC2 properties remain elusive. Here, we interrogate the signatures of ILC2s from five tissues at the transcriptome and epigenetic level. We have found that tissue microenvironment strongly shapes ILC2 identities. The intestine induces Aiolos+ILC2s, whereas lung and pancreas enhance Galectin-1+ILC2s. Though being a faithful gut ILC2 feature under the steady state, Aiolos is induced in non-intestinal ILC2s by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, IL-33 stimulates Aiolos expression in both human and mouse non-intestinal ILC2s. Functionally, Aiolos facilitates eosinophil recruitment by supporting IL-5 production and proliferation of ST2+ILC2s through inhibiting PD-1. At the epigenetic level, ILC2 tissue characters are imprinted by open chromatin regions (OCRs) at non-promoters. Intestinal-specific transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) binds to Ikzf3 (encoding Aiolos) locus, increases the accessibility of an intestinal ILC2-specific OCR, and promotes the Ikzf3 transcription by enhancing H3K27ac. Consequently, Ahr prevents ILC2s entering an "exhausted-like" state through sustaining Aiolos expression. Our work elucidates mechanism of ILC2 tissue adaptation and highlights Aiolos as a potential target of type 2 inflammation.
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Andreone S, Gambardella AR, Mancini J, Loffredo S, Marcella S, La Sorsa V, Varricchi G, Schiavoni G, Mattei F. Anti-Tumorigenic Activities of IL-33: A Mechanistic Insight. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571593. [PMID: 33329534 PMCID: PMC7734277 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is an epithelial-derived cytokine that can be released upon tissue damage, stress, or infection, acting as an alarmin for the immune system. IL-33 has long been studied in the context of Th2-related immunopathologies, such as allergic diseases and parasitic infections. However, its capacity to stimulate also Th1-type of immune responses is now well established. IL-33 binds to its specific receptor ST2 expressed by most immune cell populations, modulating a variety of responses. In cancer immunity, IL-33 can display both pro-tumoral and anti-tumoral functions, depending on the specific microenvironment. Recent findings indicate that IL-33 can effectively stimulate immune effector cells (NK and CD8+ T cells), eosinophils, basophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) promoting direct and indirect anti-tumoral activities. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances on anti-tumor immune mechanisms operated by IL-33, including the modulation of immune checkpoint molecules, with the aim to understand its potential as a therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andreone
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Mancini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Marcella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina La Sorsa
- Research Coordination and Support Service, CoRI, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Schiavoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Maggi E, Veneziani I, Moretta L, Cosmi L, Annunziato F. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113452. [PMID: 33233582 PMCID: PMC7699723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) belong to the family of helper ILCs which provide host defense against infectious agents, participate in inflammatory responses and mediate lymphoid organogenesis and tissue repair, mainly at the skin and mucosal level. Based on their transcriptional, phenotypic and functional profile, ILC2s mirror the features of the adaptive CD4+ Th2 cell subset, both contributing to the so-called type 2 immune response. Similar to other ILCs, ILC2s are rapidly activated by signals deriving from tissue and/or other tissue-resident immune cells. The biologic activity of ILCs needs to be tightly regulated in order to prevent them from contributing to severe inflammation and damage in several organs. Indeed, ILC2s display both enhancing and regulatory roles in several pathophysiological conditions, including tumors. In this review, we summarize the actual knowledge about ILC2s ability to induce or impair a protective immune response, their pro- or antitumor activity in murine models, human (children and adults) pathologies and the potential strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy by exploiting the features of ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Maggi
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-6859-3617
| | - Irene Veneziani
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Immunology Department, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy; (I.V.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Cosmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (L.C.); (F.A.)
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Apraiz A, Benedicto A, Marquez J, Agüera-Lorente A, Asumendi A, Olaso E, Arteta B. Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Malignant Melanoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113177. [PMID: 33138017 PMCID: PMC7692065 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the innate counterparts of adaptive immune cells. Emerging data indicate that they are also key players in the progression of multiple tumors. In this review we briefly describe ILCs’ functions in the skin, lungs and liver. Next, we analyze the role of ILCs in primary cutaneous melanoma and in its most frequent and deadly metastases, those in liver and lung. We focus on their dual anti– and pro-tumoral functions, depending on the cross-interactions among them and with the surrounding stromal cells that form the tumor microenvironment (TME) in each organ. Next, we detail the role of extracellular vesicles secreted to the TME by ILCs and melanoma on both cell populations. We conclude that the identification of markers and tools to allow the modulation of individual ILC subsets, in addition to the development of standardized protocols, is essential for addressing the therapeutic modulation of ILCs. Abstract The role of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in cancer progression has been uncovered in recent years. ILCs are classified as Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 ILCs, which are characterized by the transcription factors necessary for their development and the cytokines and chemokines they produce. ILCs are a highly heterogeneous cell population, showing both anti– and protumoral properties and capable of adapting their phenotypes and functions depending on the signals they receive from their surrounding environment. ILCs are considered the innate counterparts of the adaptive immune cells during physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, and as such, ILC subsets reflect different types of T cells. In cancer, each ILC subset plays a crucial role, not only in innate immunity but also as regulators of the tumor microenvironment. ILCs’ interplay with other immune and stromal cells in the metastatic microenvironment further dictates and influences this dichotomy, further strengthening the seed-and-soil theory and supporting the formation of more suitable and organ-specific metastatic environments. Here, we review the present knowledge on the different ILC subsets, focusing on their interplay with components of the tumor environment during the development of primary melanoma as well as on metastatic progression to organs, such as the liver or lung.
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Akama Y, Satoh-Takayama N, Kawamoto E, Ito A, Gaowa A, Park EJ, Imai H, Shimaoka M. The Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Regulation of Immune Homeostasis in Sepsis-Mediated Lung Inflammation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10100808. [PMID: 33053762 PMCID: PMC7600279 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic shock/severe sepsis is a deregulated host immune system response to infection that leads to life-threatening organ dysfunction. Lung inflammation as a form of acute lung injury (ALI) is often induced in septic shock. Whereas macrophages and neutrophils have been implicated as the principal immune cells regulating lung inflammation, group two innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have recently been identified as a new player regulating immune homeostasis. ILC2 is one of the three major ILC subsets (ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s) comprised of newly identified innate immune cells. These cells are characterized by their ability to rapidly produce type 2 cytokines. ILC2s are predominant resident ILCs and, thereby, have the ability to respond to signals from damaged tissues. ILC2s regulate the immune response, and ILC2-derived type 2 cytokines may exert protective roles against sepsis-induced lung injury. This focused review not only provides readers with new insights into the signaling mechanisms by which ILC2s modulate sepsis-induced lung inflammation, but also proposes ILC2 as a novel therapeutic target for sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Akama
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Naoko Satoh-Takayama
- Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan;
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Eiji Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Ito
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Arong Gaowa
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Eun Jeong Park
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
| | - Hiroshi Imai
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Faculty, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan;
| | - Motomu Shimaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology and Cell Adhesion Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu City, Mie 514-8507, Japan; (E.K.); (A.I.); (A.G.); (E.J.P.)
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (M.S.)
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Guillerey C, Stannard K, Chen J, Krumeich S, Miles K, Nakamura K, Smith J, Yu Y, Ng S, Harjunpää H, Teng MW, Engwerda C, Belz GT, Smyth MJ. Systemic administration of IL-33 induces a population of circulating KLRG1 hi type 2 innate lymphoid cells and inhibits type 1 innate immunity against multiple myeloma. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:65-83. [PMID: 32748462 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important producers of type 2 cytokines whose role in hematological cancers remains unclear. ILC2s are a heterogeneous population encompassing distinct subsets with different tissue localization and cytokine responsiveness. In this study, we investigated the role of bone marrow (BM) ILC2s and interleukin (IL)-33-stimulated ILC2s in multiple myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy that develops in the BM. We found that myeloma growth was associated with phenotypic and functional alterations of BM ILC2s, characterized by an increased expression of maturation markers and reduced cytokine response to IL-2/IL-33. We identified a population of KLRG1hi ILC2s that preferentially accumulated in the liver and spleen of Il2rg-/- Rag2-/- mice reconstituted with BM ILC2s. A similar population of KLRG1hi ILC2s was observed in the blood, liver and spleen of IL-33-treated wild-type mice. The presence of KLRG1hi ILC2s in ILC2-reconstituted Il2rg-/- Rag2-/- mice or in IL-33-treated wild-type mice was associated with increased eosinophil numbers but had no effect on myeloma progression. Interestingly, while decreased myeloma growth was observed following treatment of Rag-deficient mice with the type 1 cytokines IL-12 and IL-18, this protection was reversed when mice received a combined treatment of IL-33 together with IL-12 and IL-18. In summary, our data indicate that IL-33 treatment induces a population of circulating inflammatory KLRG1hi ILC2s and inhibits type 1 immunity against multiple myeloma. These results argue against therapeutic administration of IL-33 to myeloma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Guillerey
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kimberley Stannard
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Chen
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Sophie Krumeich
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kim Miles
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Smith
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuan Yu
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Susanna Ng
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Heidi Harjunpää
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia.,Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Michele Wl Teng
- Cancer Immunoregulation and Immunotherapy Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Christian Engwerda
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T Belz
- Immunology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Sepsis Induces Deregulation of IL-13 Production and PD-1 Expression in Lung Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Shock 2020; 55:357-370. [PMID: 32826811 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Deregulation of the immune system in sepsis plays the central role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure including septic lung injury. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have emerged as a new player in regulating immune homeostasis in the lung; however, the role of ILC2s in lung injury in sepsis remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated temporal changes in stimulatory and inhibitory receptor expression and intracellular type 2 cytokine expression of ILC2s in the lung using a cecal ligation and puncture mouse sepsis model. We found that IL-13 production by ILC2s, which were predominately composed of the resident natural ILC2 subset rather than the migratory inflammatory ILC2 subset, was reduced in the lungs of sepsis mice on day 1 and gradually restored through day 7. Although the expression levels of ST2 and inducible T-cell costimulator (stimulatory receptors) were high, IL-13 production by ILC2s was reduced while showing high programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) (inhibitory receptor) expression. Furthermore, using IL-33 knockout mice, we have shown that IL-33 regulates the capacity of ILC2s to produce IL-13, possibly through the modulation of ST2 and PD-1 expression and signaling in the septic lung. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing differential costimulatory/inhibitory receptor expression on ILC2s in a septic lung in the context of an IL-33/IL-13 pathway-mediated type 2 immune response in the progression and resolution of inflammation. Our present findings contribute to a better understanding of the underlying immunological mechanism of ILC2s and may fill the critical knowledge gap regarding immune homeostasis in the lung that hampers the development of new therapeutic strategies for sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
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Sivori S, Pende D, Quatrini L, Pietra G, Della Chiesa M, Vacca P, Tumino N, Moretta F, Mingari MC, Locatelli F, Moretta L. NK cells and ILCs in tumor immunotherapy. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 80:100870. [PMID: 32800530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immunity play an important role in tumor immunotherapy. Thus, NK cells can control tumor growth and metastatic spread. Thanks to their strong cytolytic activity against tumors, different approaches have been developed for exploiting/harnessing their function in patients with leukemia or solid tumors. Pioneering trials were based on the adoptive transfer of autologous NK cell-enriched cell populations that were expanded in vitro and co-infused with IL-2. Although relevant results were obtained in patients with advanced melanoma, the effect was mostly limited to certain metastatic localizations, particularly to the lung. In addition, the severe IL-2-related toxicity and the preferential IL-2-induced expansion of Treg limited this type of approach. This limitation may be overcome by the use of IL-15, particularly of modified IL-15 molecules to improve its half-life and optimize the biological effects. Other approaches to harness NK cell function include stimulation via TLR, the use of bi- and tri-specific NK cell engagers (BiKE and TriKE) linking activating NK receptors (e.g. CD16) to tumor-associated antigens and even incorporating an IL-15 moiety (TriKE). As recently shown, in tumor patients, NK cells may also express inhibitory checkpoints, primarily PD-1. Accordingly, the therapeutic use of checkpoint inhibitors may unleash NK cells against PD-L1+ tumors. This effect may be predominant and crucial in tumors that have lost HLA cl-I expression, thus resulting "invisible" to T lymphocytes. Additional approaches in which NK cells may represent an important tool for cancer therapy, are to exploit the unique properties of the "adaptive" NK cells. These CD57+ NKG2C+ cells, despite their mature stage and a potent cytolytic activity, maintain a strong proliferating capacity. This property revealed to be crucial in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), particularly in the haplo-HSCT setting, to cure high-risk leukemias. T depleted haplo-HSCT (e.g. from one of the parents) allowed to save the life of thousands of patients lacking a HLA-compatible donor. In this setting, NK cells have been shown to play an essential role against leukemia cells and infections. Another major advance is represented by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells. CAR-NK, different from CAR-T cells, may be obtained from allogeneic donors since they do not cause GvHD. Accordingly, they may represent "off-the-shelf" products to promptly treat tumor patients, with affordable costs. Different from NK cells, helper ILC (ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3), the innate counterpart of T helper cell subsets, remain rather ambiguous with respect to their anti-tumor activity. A possible exception is represented by a subset of ILC3: their frequency in peri-tumoral tissues in patients with NSCLC directly correlates with a better prognosis, possibly reflecting their ability to contribute to the organization of tertiary lymphoid structures, an important site of T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses. It is conceivable that innate immunity may significantly contribute to the major advances that immunotherapy has ensured and will continue to ensure to the cure of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Sivori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Pende
- UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mariella Della Chiesa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genoa, Italy; UO Immunologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy; Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics and Pediatrics, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.
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Taniguchi S, Elhance A, Van Duzer A, Kumar S, Leitenberger JJ, Oshimori N. Tumor-initiating cells establish an IL-33-TGF-β niche signaling loop to promote cancer progression. Science 2020; 369:eaay1813. [PMID: 32675345 PMCID: PMC10870826 DOI: 10.1126/science.aay1813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the cross-talk between tumor-initiating cells (TICs) and the niche microenvironment is an attractive avenue for cancer therapy. We show here, using a mouse model of squamous cell carcinoma, that TICs play a crucial role in creating a niche microenvironment that is required for tumor progression and drug resistance. Antioxidant activity in TICs, mediated by the transcription factor NRF2, facilitates the release of a nuclear cytokine, interleukin-33 (IL-33). This cytokine promotes differentiation of macrophages that express the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor FcεRIα and are in close proximity to TICs. In turn, these IL-33-responding FcεRIα+ macrophages send paracrine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signals to TICs, inducing invasive and drug-resistant properties and further upregulating IL-33 expression. This TIC-driven, IL-33-TGF-β feedforward loop could potentially be exploited for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Taniguchi
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ajit Elhance
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Avery Van Duzer
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Justin J Leitenberger
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Naoki Oshimori
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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43
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Wang S, Wu P, Chen Y, Chai Y. Ambiguous roles and potential therapeutic strategies of innate lymphoid cells in different types of tumor. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1513-1525. [PMID: 32724393 PMCID: PMC7377136 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a significant development in the current understanding of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and their roles in the innate immune system, where they regulate tissue homeostasis, inflammation, as well as tumor surveillance and tumorigenesis. Based on the limited studies of ILCs in cancer, ILCs may be classified into three subgroups depending on their phenotypic and functional characteristics: Group 1 ILCs, which include natural killer cells and ILC1s; Group 2 ILCs, which only contain ILC2s and Group 3 ILCs, which comprise of LTi cells and ILC3s. Group 1 ILCs predominantly exert antitumor activities, while Group 2 ILCs and Group 3 ILCs are predominantly procarcinogenic in nature. In different types of tumor, each ILC subset behaves differently. Current research is focused on investigating how ILCs may be manipulated and employed as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. The present review aimed to summarize the characteristics and effects of ILCs in the context of tumor immunology, and provide novel insight into the pro- or anti-tumor activities of ILCs in different types of malignancy, including solid tumors, such as those in the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, bladder or prostate, as well as melanoma, further to hematological malignancies, with the aim to highlight potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Yongyuan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
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Luo P, Deng S, Ye H, Yu X, Deng Q, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Li J, Yu Y, Han W. The IL-33/ST2 pathway suppresses murine colon cancer growth and metastasis by upregulating CD40 L signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110232. [PMID: 32559854 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the IL-1 family, participating in both helper T1 (Th1)- and Th2-type immune responses, but its ambiguous effects on tumor growth and related immune mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that recombinant mouse IL-33 (mIL-33) significantly inhibited colon cancer growth and metastasis to lung and liver in a murine CT26 or MC38 tumor-cell engraftment model. This effect could be associated with CD4+ T cells and CD40 L signaling, as depletion of CD4+ T cells or blocking CD40 L signaling in vivo partly abolished the antitumor function of IL-33. In addition, IL-33 treatment upregulated CD40 L expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and promoted the activation of CD4+ T, CD8+ T and natural killer cells via CD40 L signaling. Furthermore, IL-33 was sufficient to induce the ST2 expression on CD4+ T cells, but not on CD8+ T and natural killer cells, indicating that IL-33 acted on CD4+ T cells via a positive-feedback loop. Our findings shed new light on the IL-33-mediated antitumor effects and mechanisms of Th1 action, and also suggest that IL-33 may serve as an activator to boost anticancer immune responses in singular or combinatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Luo
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Shaorong Deng
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Hao Ye
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qing Deng
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yinjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Liya Jiang
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yan Yu
- Shanghai Municipality Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Wei Han
- Laboratory of Regeneromics, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Jevtovic A, Pantic J, Jovanovic I, Milovanovic M, Stanojevic I, Vojvodic D, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML, Radosavljevic GD. Interleukin-33 pretreatment promotes metastatic growth of murine melanoma by reducing the cytotoxic capacity of CD8 + T cells and enhancing regulatory T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1461-1475. [PMID: 32285171 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-33 (IL-33) regulates innate and acquired immune response to pathogens, self-antigens and tumors. IL-33 effects on tumors depend on the dose and mode of administration along with the type of malignancy. We studied the effects of IL-33 on the development of primary and metastatic melanoma induced by B16-F1 cell line in C57BL/6 mice. Intraperitoneally applied IL-33 restricts primary tumor growth. When administered intranasally 3 days prior to the intravenous injection of the tumor cells, IL-33 promoted growth of B16-F1 melanoma metastases, while B16-F10 gave massive metastases independently of IL-33. To mimic natural dissemination, we next used a limited number (5 × 104) of B16-F1 cells intravenously followed by application of IL-33 intraperitoneally. IL-33 increased the size of metastases (10.96 ± 3.96 mm2) when compared to the control group (0.86 ± 0.39 mm2), without changing incidence and number of metastases. IL-33 increased expression of ST2 on both tumor and immune cells in metastases. Also, IL-33 enhanced eosinophils and anti-tumor NK cells in the lung. The striking finding was reduced cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells derived from metastatic lung of IL-33 injected mice. IL-33 reduced the percentage of TNF-α+ and IFN-γ+ CD8+ T cells while increasing the frequency of CD8+ T cells that express inhibitory molecules (PD-1, KLRG-1 and CTLA-4). There was a significant accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid suppressor cells and FoxP3+, IL-10+ and CTLA-4+ regulatory T cells in the metastatic lung of IL-33 injected mice. The relevance of IL-33 for melanoma metastases was also documented in a significantly increased level of serum IL-33 in stage III melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra Jevtovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jelena Pantic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Jovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija Milovanovic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivan Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danilo Vojvodic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Arsenijevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Miodrag L Lukic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Gordana D Radosavljevic
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 69 Svetozara Markovica Street, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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Guia S, Narni-Mancinelli E. Helper-like Innate Lymphoid Cells in Humans and Mice. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:436-452. [PMID: 32223931 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family consists of natural killer (NK) cells, helper-like lymphoid cells (ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s), and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Helper-like ILCs are considered the innate counterpart of T-helper cells because of similarities in their cytokine output and expression of key transcription factors. ILCs provide and regulate innate immune functions before the development of adaptive immunity. They are involved in host defense against pathogens, inflammation, tissue repair, and metabolic homeostasis. However, they can also be involved in inflammatory disorders and carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest research on ILC development and plasticity in humans and mice, focusing on the pathogenic role of helper-like ILCs in inflammatory disorders, such as asthma, Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guia
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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ILC2s amplify PD-1 blockade by activating tissue-specific cancer immunity. Nature 2020; 579:130-135. [PMID: 32076273 PMCID: PMC7060130 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate inflammation and immunity in mammalian tissues1,2. Although ILC2s are found in cancers of these tissues3, their roles in cancer immunity and immunotherapy are unclear. Here we show that ILC2s infiltrate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) to activate tissue-specific tumour immunity. Interleukin-33 (IL33) activates tumour ILC2s (TILC2s) and CD8+ T cells in orthotopic pancreatic tumours but not heterotopic skin tumours in mice to restrict pancreas-specific tumour growth. Resting and activated TILC2s express the inhibitory checkpoint receptor PD-1. Antibody-mediated PD-1 blockade relieves ILC2 cell-intrinsic PD-1 inhibition to expand TILC2s, augment anti-tumour immunity, and enhance tumour control, identifying activated TILC2s as targets of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, both PD-1+ TILC2s and PD-1+ T cells are present in most human PDACs. Our results identify ILC2s as anti-cancer immune cells for PDAC immunotherapy. More broadly, ILC2s emerge as tissue-specific enhancers of cancer immunity that amplify the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. As ILC2s and T cells co-exist in human cancers and share stimulatory and inhibitory pathways, immunotherapeutic strategies to collectively target anti-cancer ILC2s and T cells may be broadly applicable.
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An Z, Flores-Borja F, Irshad S, Deng J, Ng T. Pleiotropic Role and Bidirectional Immunomodulation of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3111. [PMID: 32117199 PMCID: PMC7010811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are largely tissue resident and respond rapidly toward the environmental signals from surrounding tissues and other immune cells. The pleiotropic function of ILCs in diverse contexts underpins its importance in the innate arm of immune system in human health and disease. ILCs derive from common lymphoid progenitors but lack adaptive antigen receptors and functionally act as the innate counterpart to T-cell subsets. The classification of different subtypes is based on their distinct transcription factor requirement for development as well as signature cytokines that they produce. The discovery and subsequent characterization of ILCs over the past decade have mainly focused on the regulation of inflammation, tissue remodeling, and homeostasis, whereas the understanding of the multiple roles and mechanisms of ILCs in cancer is still limited. Emerging evidence of the potent immunomodulatory properties of ILCs in early host defense signifies a major advance in the use of ILCs as promising targets in cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we will decipher the non-exclusive roles of ILCs associated with both protumor and antitumor activities. We will also dissect the heterogeneity, plasticity, genetic evidence, and dysregulation in different cancer contexts, providing a comprehensive understanding of the complexity and diversity. These will have implications for the therapeutic targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwen An
- KCL Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guys Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Flores-Borja
- Centre for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheeba Irshad
- KCL Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guys Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tony Ng
- KCL Breast Cancer Now Research Unit, Guys Cancer Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Tumino N, Vacca P, Quatrini L, Munari E, Moretta F, Pelosi A, Mariotti FR, Moretta L. Helper Innate Lymphoid Cells in Human Tumors: A Double-Edged Sword? Front Immunol 2020; 10:3140. [PMID: 32063901 PMCID: PMC7000626 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) were found to be developmentally related to natural killer (NK) cells. In humans, they are mostly located in “barrier” tissues where they contribute to innate defenses against different pathogens. ILCs are heterogeneous and characterized by a high degree of plasticity. ILC1s are Tbet+, produce interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha, but, unlike NK cells, are non-cytolytic and are Eomes independent. ILC2 (GATA-3+) secrete type-2 cytokines, while ILC3s secrete interleukin-22 and interleukin-17. The cytokine signatures of ILC subsets mirror those of corresponding helper T-cell subsets. The ILC role in defenses against pathogens is well-documented, while their involvement in tumor defenses is still controversial. Different ILCs have been detected in tumors. In general, the conflicting data reported in different tumors on the role of ILC may reflect the heterogeneity and/or differences in tumor microenvironment. The remarkable plasticity of ILCs suggests new therapeutic approaches to induce differentiation/switch toward ILC subsets more favorable in tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Tumino
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Quatrini
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - Francesca Moretta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar, Italy
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Department of Immunology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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50
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Qi L, Zhang Q, Miao Y, Kang W, Tian Z, Xu D, Xiao W, Fang F. Interleukin-33 activates and recruits natural killer cells to inhibit pulmonary metastatic cancer development. Int J Cancer 2019; 146:1421-1434. [PMID: 31709531 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that IL-33 plays an important role in regulating tumor development. However, conflicting results, obtained from numerous studies, have highlighted the divergent functions of IL-33. The detailed mechanisms by which IL-33 modulates tumor development merit further investigation. Here, we report that IL-33 administration can effectively inhibit the development of pulmonary metastasis of breast cancer in a mouse. In our model, IL-33 promotes the production of TNF-α by macrophages, which increases IL-33 specific receptor (ST2) expression on natural killer (NK) cells and is pivotal in IL-33-induced NK cell activation. IL-33 treatment also facilitates the production of CCL5 in the lung by eosinophils and CD8+ T cells, which mediates the recruitment of NK cells to the tumor microenvironment. The systemic activation and local recruitment of NK cells result in potent tumor rejection in the lung. Our study reports a novel mechanism for the IL-33-meditated suppression of metastatic cancer and provides potential therapeutic strategies for targeting metastatic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhang
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yuhui Miao
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyao Kang
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Damo Xu
- School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Oncology of The First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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