1
|
Verma C, Pawar VA, Srivastava S, Tyagi A, Kaushik G, Shukla SK, Kumar V. Cancer Vaccines in the Immunotherapy Era: Promise and Potential. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1783. [PMID: 38140187 PMCID: PMC10747700 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines are a promising alternative for active immunotherapy for different types of cancers. Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to prevent immune system responses that are not targeted at the tumors only, but also boost the anti-tumor immunity and promote regression or eradication of the malignancy without, or with minimal, adverse events. Clinical trial data have pushed the development of cancer vaccines forward, and the US Food and Drug Administration authorized the first therapeutic cancer vaccine. In the present review, we discuss the various types of cancer vaccines and different approaches for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines, along with the current state of knowledge and future prospects. We also discuss how tumor-induced immune suppression limits the effectiveness of therapeutic vaccinations, and strategies to overcome this barrier to design efficacious, long-lasting anti-tumor immune responses in the generation of vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | | | - Shivani Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Anuradha Tyagi
- Department of cBRN, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Science, Delhi 110054, India;
| | - Gaurav Kaushik
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India;
| | - Surendra Kumar Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
van Bergen J, Camps MG, Pardieck IN, Veerkamp D, Leung WY, Leijs AA, Myeni SK, Kikkert M, Arens R, Zondag GC, Ossendorp F. Multiantigen pan-sarbecovirus DNA vaccines generate protective T cell immune responses. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172488. [PMID: 37707962 PMCID: PMC10721273 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the third zoonotic coronavirus to cause a major outbreak in humans in recent years, and many more SARS-like coronaviruses with pandemic potential are circulating in several animal species. Vaccines inducing T cell immunity against broadly conserved viral antigens may protect against hospitalization and death caused by outbreaks of such viruses. We report the design and preclinical testing of 2 T cell-based pan-sarbecovirus vaccines, based on conserved regions within viral proteins of sarbecovirus isolates of human and other carrier animals, like bats and pangolins. One vaccine (CoVAX_ORF1ab) encoded antigens derived from nonstructural proteins, and the other (CoVAX_MNS) encoded antigens from structural proteins. Both multiantigen DNA vaccines contained a large set of antigens shared across sarbecoviruses and were rich in predicted and experimentally validated human T cell epitopes. In mice, the multiantigen vaccines generated both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses to shared epitopes. Upon encounter of full-length spike antigen, CoVAX_MNS-induced CD4+ T cells were responsible for accelerated CD8+ T cell and IgG Ab responses specific to the incoming spike, irrespective of its sarbecovirus origin. Finally, both vaccines elicited partial protection against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge in human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-transgenic mice. These results support clinical testing of these universal sarbecovirus vaccines for pandemic preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel G.M. Camps
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iris N. Pardieck
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Dominique Veerkamp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Wing Yan Leung
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, Netherlands
- Synvolux BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anouk A. Leijs
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Sebenzile K. Myeni
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Kikkert
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gerben C. Zondag
- Immunetune BV, Leiden, Netherlands
- Synvolux BV, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Buonaguro L, Tagliamonte M. Peptide-based vaccine for cancer therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210044. [PMID: 37654484 PMCID: PMC10467431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Different strategies based on peptides are available for cancer treatment, in particular to counter-act the progression of tumor growth and disease relapse. In the last decade, in the context of therapeutic strategies against cancer, peptide-based vaccines have been evaluated in different tumor models. The peptides selected for cancer vaccine development can be classified in two main type: tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumor-specific antigens (TSAs), which are captured, internalized, processed and presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to cell-mediated immunity. Peptides loaded onto MHC class I are recognized by a specific TCR of CD8+ T cells, which are activated to exert their cytotoxic activity against tumor cells presenting the same peptide-MHC-I complex. This process is defined as active immunotherapy as the host's immune system is either de novo activated or restimulated to mount an effective, tumor-specific immune reaction that may ultimately lead to tu-mor regression. However, while the preclinical data have frequently shown encouraging results, therapeutic cancer vaccines clinical trials, including those based on peptides have not provided satisfactory data to date. The limited efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines is the consequence of several factors, including the identification of specific target tumor antigens, the limited immunogenicity of peptides and the highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). An effective cancer vaccine can be developed only by addressing all such different aspects. The present review describes the state of the art for each of such factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Tagliamonte
- Innovative Immunological Models Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - “Fond G. Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mørk SK, Kongsted P, Westergaard MCW, Albieri B, Granhøj JS, Donia M, Martinenaite E, Holmström MO, Madsen K, Kverneland AH, Kjeldsen JW, Holmstroem RB, Lorentzen CL, Nørgaard N, Andreasen LV, Wood GK, Christensen D, Klausen MS, Hadrup SR, thor Straten P, Andersen MH, Svane IM. First in man study: Bcl-Xl_42-CAF®09b vaccines in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122977. [PMID: 36999039 PMCID: PMC10043415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-XL) protein plays an important role in cancer cells’ resistance to apoptosis. Pre-clinical studies have shown that vaccination with Bcl-XL-derived peptides can induce tumor-specific T cell responses that may lead to the elimination of cancer cells. Furthermore, pre-clinical studies of the novel adjuvant CAF®09b have shown that intraperitoneal (IP) injections of this adjuvant can improve the activation of the immune system. In this study, patients with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (PC) received a vaccine consisting of Bcl-XL-peptide with CAF®09b as an adjuvant. The primary aim was to evaluate the tolerability and safety of IP and intramuscular (IM) administration, determine the optimal route of administration, and characterize vaccine immunogenicity.Patients and methodsTwenty patients were included. A total of six vaccinations were scheduled: in Group A (IM to IP injections), ten patients received three vaccines IM biweekly; after a three-week pause, patients then received three vaccines IP biweekly. In Group B (IP to IM injections), ten patients received IP vaccines first, followed by IM under a similar vaccination schedule. Safety was assessed by logging and evaluating adverse events (AE) according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v. 4.0). Vaccines-induced immune responses were analyzed by Enzyme-Linked Immunospot and flow cytometry.ResultsNo serious AEs were reported. Although an increase in T cell response against the Bcl-XL-peptide was found in all patients, a larger proportion of patients in group B demonstrated earlier and stronger immune responses to the vaccine compared to patients in group A. Further, we demonstrated vaccine-induced immunity towards patient-specific CD4, and CD8 T cell epitopes embedded in Bcl-XL-peptide and an increase in CD4 and CD8 T cell activation markers CD107a and CD137 following vaccination. At a median follow-up of 21 months, no patients had experienced clinically significant disease progression.ConclusionThe Bcl-XL-peptide-CAF®09b vaccination was feasible and safe in patients with l hormone-sensitive PC. In addition, the vaccine was immunogenic and able to elicit CD4 and CD8 T cell responses with initial IP administration eliciting early and high levels of vaccine-specific responses in a higher number og patients.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT03412786.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Kirial Mørk
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Per Kongsted
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Benedetta Albieri
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joachim Stoltenborg Granhøj
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Evelina Martinenaite
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- IO Biotech Aps, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Orebo Holmström
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Madsen
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders H. Kverneland
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rikke Boedker Holmstroem
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Cathrine Lund Lorentzen
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Nis Nørgaard
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Grith Krøyer Wood
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Center for Vaccine Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sine Reker Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), HEALTH TECH, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per thor Straten
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Hald Andersen
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- Department of Oncology, National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Inge Marie Svane,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Y, Parks JM, Smith JC. HLA Class I Supertype Classification Based on Structural Similarity. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:103-114. [PMID: 36453976 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
HLA class I proteins, a critical component in adaptive immunity, bind and present intracellular Ags to CD8+ T cells. The extreme polymorphism of HLA genes and associated peptide binding specificities leads to challenges in various endeavors, including neoantigen vaccine development, disease association studies, and HLA typing. Supertype classification, defined by clustering functionally similar HLA alleles, has proven helpful in reducing the complexity of distinguishing alleles. However, determining supertypes via experiments is impractical, and current in silico classification methods exhibit limitations in stability and functional relevance. In this study, by incorporating three-dimensional structures we present a method for classifying HLA class I molecules with improved breadth, accuracy, stability, and flexibility. Critical for these advances is our finding that structural similarity highly correlates with peptide binding specificity. The new classification should be broadly useful in peptide-based vaccine development and HLA-disease association studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | - Jerry M Parks
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN; and
| | - Jeremy C Smith
- UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN.,Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN; and.,Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Di Marco M, Schuster H, Backert L, Ghosh M, Rammensee HG, Stevanović S. Unveiling the Peptide Motifs of HLA-C and HLA-G from Naturally Presented Peptides and Generation of Binding Prediction Matrices. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:2639-2651. [PMID: 28904123 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The classical HLA-C and the nonclassical HLA-E and HLA-G molecules play important roles both in the innate and adaptive immune system. Starting already during embryogenesis and continuing throughout our lives, these three Ags exert major functions in immune tolerance, defense against infections, and anticancer immune responses. Despite these important roles, identification and characterization of the peptides presented by these molecules has been lacking behind the more abundant HLA-A and HLA-B gene products. In this study, we elucidated the peptide specificities of these HLA molecules using a comprehensive analysis of naturally presented peptides. To that end, the 15 most frequently expressed HLA-C alleles as well as HLA-E*01:01 and HLA-G*01:01 were transfected into lymphoblastoid C1R cells expressing low endogenous HLA. Identification of naturally presented peptides was performed by immunoprecipitation of HLA and subsequent analysis of HLA-bound peptides by liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry. Peptide motifs of HLA-C unveil anchors in position 2 or 3 with high variances between allotypes, and a less variable anchor at the C-terminal end. The previously reported small ligand repertoire of HLA-E was confirmed within our analysis, and we could show that HLA-G combines a large ligand repertoire with distinct features anchoring peptides at positions 3 and 9, supported by an auxiliary anchor in position 1 and preferred residues in positions 2 and 7. The wealth of HLA ligands resulted in prediction matrices for octa-, nona-, and decamers. Matrices were validated in terms of their binding prediction and compared with the latest NetMHC prediction algorithm NetMHCpan-3.0, which demonstrated their predictive power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Schuster
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Linus Backert
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Applied Bioinformatics, Department of Computer Science, Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scognamiglio P, Accapezzato D, Casciaro MA, Cacciani A, Artini M, Bruno G, Chircu ML, Sidney J, Southwood S, Abrignani S, Sette A, Barnaba V. Presence of Effector CD8+ T Cells in Hepatitis C Virus-Exposed Healthy Seronegative Donors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CTL responses against multiple hepatitis C virus (HCV) epitopes were detected in 7 of 29 (24.1%) healthy family members (HFM) persistently exposed to chronically HCV-infected patients (HCV-HFM). These precursor CTL were at very low or undetectable frequencies, as determined by limiting dilution analysis. However, when HCV-specific effector CD8+ T cells, freshly isolated from PBMC of HCV-HFM, were assessed by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunospot assay, their frequencies were severalfold higher than those of precursor CTL. These results indicate that the two assays detect two functionally distinct T cell populations and that the effector cells are not assayed by the 51Cr-release assay. Furthermore, the combination of cell depletion and enzyme-linked immunospot analyses showed that the effector cells were confined into a CD8+ CD45RO+ CD28− population. The persistence of effector CD8+ T cells specific for both the structural and nonstructural viral proteins in uninfected HCV-HFM, suggest that: 1) an immunological memory is established upon a subclinical infection without any evidence of hepatitis, in a large cohort of HCV-exposed individuals; 2) because these cells required neither restimulation nor the addition of particular cytokines in vitro for differentiating in effectors, they should be capable of prompt HCV-specific effector function in vivo, possibly providing antiviral protection; and 3) the maintenance of effector T cell responses may be sustained by persisting low-level stimulation induced by inapparent infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marco Artini
- *Fondazione Andrea Cesalpino, Istituto di I Clinica Medica and
| | - Guglielmo Bruno
- *Fondazione Andrea Cesalpino, Istituto di I Clinica Medica and
| | - Maria Lucia Chircu
- †Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Vincenzo Barnaba
- *Fondazione Andrea Cesalpino, Istituto di I Clinica Medica and
- ¶Istituto Pasteur-Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evans DT, Knapp LA, Jing P, Piekarczyk MS, Hinshaw VS, Watkins DI. Three Different MHC Class I Molecules Bind the Same CTL Epitope of the Influenza Virus in a Primate Species with Limited MHC Class I Diversity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.3970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the most remarkable features of the MHC class I loci of most outbred mammalian populations is their exceptional diversity, yet the functional importance of this diversity remains to be fully understood. The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) is unusual in having MHC class I loci that exhibit both limited polymorphism and sequence variation. To investigate the functional implications of limited MHC class I diversity in this outbred primate species, we infected five tamarins with influenza virus and defined the CTL epitopes recognized by each individual. In addition to an immunodominant epitope of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) that was recognized by all individuals, two tamarins also made a response to the same epitope of the matrix (M1) protein. Surprisingly, these two tamarins used different MHC class I molecules, Saoe-G*02 and -G*04, to present the M1 epitope. In addition, CTLs from one of the tamarins recognized target cells that expressed neither Saoe-G*02 nor -G*04, but, rather, a third MHC class I molecule, Saoe-G*12. Sequence analysis revealed that Saoe-G*12 differs from both Saoe-G*02 and -G*04 by only two nucleotides and was probably generated by recombination between these two alleles. These results demonstrate that at least three of the tamarin’s MHC class I molecules can present the same epitope to virus-specific CTLs. Thus, four of the tamarin’s 12 MHC class I molecules bound only two influenza virus CTL epitopes. Therefore, the functional diversity of cotton-top tamarin’s MHC class I loci may be even more limited than their genetic diversity suggests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Virginia S. Hinshaw
- ‡Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, WI 53706
| | - David I. Watkins
- *Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center and
- †Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715; and
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paradela A, García-Peydró M, Vázquez J, Rognan D, López de Castro JA. The Same Natural Ligand Is Involved in Allorecognition of Multiple HLA-B27 Subtypes by a Single T Cell Clone: Role of Peptide and the MHC Molecule in Alloreactivity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.10.5481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The human alloreactive CTL clone 27S69, raised against B*2705, cross-reacts with B*2702 and B*2703, but not with B*2701, B*2704, B*2706, or B*2710. Its natural epitope was identified by electrospray/ion trap mass spectrometry, as the proteasome-derived RRFFPYYV octamer. This is the first HLA-B27 ligand shown to be immunogenic in alloreactivity. The RRFFPYYVY nonamer, also found in the B*2705-bound peptide pool, was recognized much less efficiently, demonstrating that an alloreactive CTL distinguishes between very similar natural ligands. Molecular modeling suggested that this was due to the different conformation of each peptide in complex with B*2705. B*2702- and B*2703-RMA-S cells were lysed by CTL 27S69 when sensitized with the octamer, demonstrating that cross-reaction with these subtypes is through recognition of the same peptide as in B*2705. B*2704-, B*2706-, and B*2710-RMA-S cells were not sensitized for lysis, in spite of efficient binding of the octamer, indicating that polymorphism in these subtypes directly impairs allorecognition. B*2701-RMA-S and -C1R cells were sensitized for lysis by the octamer, suggesting lack of the endogenous peptide epitope on this subtype. Absence of the octamer in the B*2701-bound peptide pool further suggested that B*2701 polymorphism impairs the generation of this peptide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Paradela
- *Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Marina García-Peydró
- *Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- *Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Madrid, Spain; and
| | | | - José A. López de Castro
- *Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias, Madrid, Spain; and
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bertoni R, Sette A, Sidney J, Guidotti LG, Shapiro M, Purcell R, Chisari FV. Human Class I Supertypes and CTL Repertoires Extend to Chimpanzees. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.8.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Using an in vitro peptide stimulation strategy, two chimpanzees that were acutely infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) produced peripheral blood CTL responses to several HBV-encoded epitopes that are known to be recognized by class I-restricted CTL in acutely infected humans. One animal responded to three HBV peptides that, in humans, are restricted by HLA-A2; the other animal responded to three peptides that are restricted by HLA-B35 and HLA-B51, members of the HLA-B7 supertype in man. The peptides recognized by each chimp corresponded with the ability of its class I molecules to bind peptides containing the HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 supermotifs. Similar, apparently class I-restricted CTL responses to some of these peptides were also detected in occasional HBV-uninfected chimps. These results demonstrate that the CTL repertoire overlaps in humans and chimps and that the HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 supertypes extend to the chimpanzee. Based on these results, the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines designed to induce CTL responses to human HLA-restricted viral epitopes may be testable in chimpanzees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Robert Purcell
- §National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Allen TM, Sidney J, del Guercio MF, Glickman RL, Lensmeyer GL, Wiebe DA, DeMars R, Pauza CD, Johnson RP, Sette A, Watkins DI. Characterization of the Peptide Binding Motif of a Rhesus MHC Class I Molecule (Mamu-A*01) That Binds an Immunodominant CTL Epitope from Simian Immunodeficiency Virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.12.6062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The majority of immunogenic CTL epitopes bind to MHC class I molecules with high affinity. However, peptides longer or shorter than the optimal epitope rarely bind with high affinity. Therefore, identification of optimal CTL epitopes from pathogens may ultimately be critical for inducing strong CTL responses and developing epitope-based vaccines. The SIV-infected rhesus macaque is an excellent animal model for HIV infection of humans. Although a number of CTL epitopes have been mapped in SIV-infected rhesus macaques, the optimal epitopes have not been well defined, and their anchor residues are unknown. We have now defined the optimal SIV gag CTL epitope restricted by the rhesus MHC class I molecule Mamu-A*01 and defined a general peptide binding motif for this molecule that is characterized by a dominant position 3 anchor (proline). We used peptide elution and sequencing, peptide binding assays, and bulk and clonal CTL assays to demonstrate that the optimal Mamu-A*01-restricted SIV gag CTL epitope was CTPYDINQM181–189. Mamu-A*01 is unique in that it is found at a high frequency in rhesus macaques, and all SIV-infected Mamu-A*01-positive rhesus macaques studied to date develop an immunodominant gag-specific CTL response restricted by this molecule. Identification of the optimal SIV gag CTL epitope will be critical for a variety of studies designed to induce CD8+ CTL responses specific for SIV in the rhesus macaque.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Sidney
- ‡Eppimune, San Diego, CA 92121; Division of Immunology, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772; and
| | - Marie-France del Guercio
- ‡Eppimune, San Diego, CA 92121; Division of Immunology, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772; and
| | - Rhona L. Glickman
- ¶Infectious Disease Unit and Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Gary L. Lensmeyer
- †Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Donald A. Wiebe
- †Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715
| | - R. DeMars
- ∥Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
| | - C. David Pauza
- *Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center and
- †Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715
| | - R. Paul Johnson
- ¶Infectious Disease Unit and Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Alessandro Sette
- ‡Eppimune, San Diego, CA 92121; Division of Immunology, New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772; and
| | - David I. Watkins
- *Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center and
- †Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Southwood S, Sidney J, Kondo A, del Guercio MF, Appella E, Hoffman S, Kubo RT, Chesnut RW, Grey HM, Sette A. Several Common HLA-DR Types Share Largely Overlapping Peptide Binding Repertoires. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.7.3363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The peptide binding specificities of HLA-DRB1*0401, DRB1*0101, and DRB1*0701 have been analyzed by the use of large collections of synthetic peptides corresponding to naturally occurring sequences. The results demonstrated that nearly all peptides binding to these DR molecules bear a motif characterized by a large aromatic or hydrophobic residue in position 1 (Y, F, W, L, I, V, M) and a small, noncharged residue in position 6 (S, T, C, A, P, V, I, L, M). In addition, allele-specific secondary effects and secondary anchors were defined, and these parameters were utilized to derive allele-specific motifs and algorithms. By the combined use of such algorithms, peptides capable of degenerate DRB1*0101, DRB1*0401, and DRB1*0701 binding were identified. Additional experiments utilizing a panel of quantitative assays specific for nine additional common DR molecules identified a large set of DR molecules, which includes at least the DRB1*0101, DRB1*0401, DRB1*0701, DRB5*0101, DRB1*1501, DRB1*0901, and DRB1*1302 allelic products, characterized by overlapping peptide-binding repertoires. These results have implications for understanding the molecular interactions involved in peptide-DR binding, as well as the genetic and structural basis of MHC polymorphism. These results also have potential practical implications for the development of epitope-based prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ettore Appella
- ‡National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Stephen Hoffman
- §Malaria Program, Naval Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889
| | | | | | - Howard M. Grey
- ∥La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92121
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wong DKH, Dudley DD, Afdhal NH, Dienstag J, Rice CM, Wang L, Houghton M, Walker BD, Koziel MJ. Liver-Derived CTL in Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Breadth and Specificity of Responses in a Cohort of Persons with Chronic Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.3.1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CTL have been found within the inflammatory infiltrate of the liver of chronically infected individuals, but the breadth and specificity of the CTL response in relation to viral load are less well characterized. In this study, we analyzed the intrahepatic CTL response in liver biopsy specimens from 44 chronically infected subjects. Liver-infiltrating lymphocytes were expanded polyclonally in bulk cultures, and multiple clones were derived by limiting dilution. HCV-specific CTL responses directed at genotype 1a structural proteins were assessed in all subjects, and 22 subjects were tested more comprehensively using vectors expressing all structural and nonstructural HCV Ags. CTL responses were further characterized to determine the HLA restriction and optimal epitopes recognized. In those persons screened for recognition of all HCV Ags, HLA class I-restricted CTL were detected in 45%. Nineteen different CTL epitopes were identified, which were distributed throughout the genome; only one epitope was targeted by more than one person. In those persons with CTL responses, the breadth of response ranged from one to five epitopes. There was no correlation between the presence of a detectable CTL response and viral load. These results indicate considerable heterogeneity in detectable HCV-specific CTL responses in chronically infected persons. The mechanisms by which HCV persists during chronic infection remain to be clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nezam H. Afdhal
- §Division of Gastroenterology, Boston City Hospital, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Jules Dienstag
- †Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114
| | | | | | | | | | - Margaret J. Koziel
- *Infectious Diseases Unit and
- ‡Infectious Disease Lab, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center West, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neisig A, Melief CJM, Neefjes J. Reduced Cell Surface Expression of HLA-C Molecules Correlates with Restricted Peptide Binding and Stable TAP Interaction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.1.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
HLA-C molecules are poorly expressed at the cell surface compared with HLA-A and HLA-B locus products. The reason for the low surface expression and the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show that the HLA-C4 allele is expressed intracellularly in amounts similar to HLA-A and HLA-B alleles. However, the majority of the HLA-C4 molecules is not transported, but is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum by stable interaction with TAP. This pool does not appear to participate in the formation of HLA-C4/peptide complexes, but is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. HLA-C4 molecules can dissociate from TAP upon binding of specific peptide. However, they require a 10-fold higher concentration of a completely degenerated 9-mer peptide mixture for release from TAP than the HLA-A and HLA-B alleles. Our data show that the HLA-C molecules tested are more selective in their peptide binding than HLA-A and HLA-B molecules, resulting in prolonged association with TAP and a reduced formation of intracellular HLA-C/peptide complexes. The restricted peptide binding of certain HLA-C alleles provides one explanation for the reduced expression of HLA-C molecules at the cell surface. Other mechanisms will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Neisig
- *Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Cornelis J. M. Melief
- †Department of Immunohematology and Blood Bank, University Hospital Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacques Neefjes
- *Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and
| |
Collapse
|