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Iseki M, Hidano S, Kudo F, Takaki S. Control of germinal center B cell survival and IgE production by an adaptor molecule containing PH and SH2 domains, Aps/Sh2b2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17767. [PMID: 39090233 PMCID: PMC11294469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68739-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The germinal centers (GCs) are structure found within secondary lymphoid organs and are important for the antibody-producing response against foreign antigens. In GCs, antigen-specific B cells proliferate intensely, inducing immunoglobulin class switching. Recent studies have shown that GCs are also an important site for class switching to IgE, which is implicated in allergy. However, the mechanisms by which IgE production is regulated in GCs remain unclear. Here, we found impairment in IgE-specific production and a reduction of GC B cells after immunization in mice deficient in the Aps/Sh2b2 gene encoding the Lnk/Sh2b family adaptor protein Aps. GC B cells express higher levels of the Aps gene than non-GC B cells, and cell death of Aps-/- GC B cells is enhanced compared to wild-type GC B cells. An in vitro culture system with purified Aps-/- B cells induced the same level of IgE production and frequencies of IgE+ B cells as wild-type B cells. We found that Aps deficiency in B cells resulted in augmented depletion of IgE+ blasts by B cell receptor crosslinking with anti-CD79b antibodies compared to wild-type IgE+ cells. These results suggest that Aps regulates IgE production by controlling the survival of GC B cells and IgE+ plasma cells and may serve as a potential therapeutic target to control IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Iseki
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan.
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Shinya Hidano
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Fujimi Kudo
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Systems Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Inohana, Chuo-Ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takaki
- Department of Immune Regulation, The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
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2
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Curtiss ML, Rosenberg AF, Scharer CD, Mousseau B, Benavides NAB, Bradley JE, León B, Steele C, Randall TD, Lund FE. Chitinase-3-like 1 regulates T H2 cells, T FH cells and IgE responses to helminth infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1158493. [PMID: 37575256 PMCID: PMC10415220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1158493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Data from patient cohorts and mouse models of atopic dermatitis, food allergy and asthma strongly support a role for chitinase-3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1) in allergic disease. Methods To address whether Chi3l1 also contributes to TH2 responses following nematode infection, we infected Chi3l1 -/- mice with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) and analyzed T cell responses. Results As anticipated, we observed impaired TH2 responses in Hp-infected Chi3l1 -/- mice. However, we also found that T cell intrinsic expression of Chi3l1 was required for ICOS upregulation following activation of naïve CD4 T cells and was necessary for the development of the IL-4+ TFH subset, which supports germinal center B cell reactions and IgE responses. We also observed roles for Chi3l1 in TFH, germinal center B cell, and IgE responses to alum-adjuvanted vaccination. While Chi3l1 was critical for IgE humoral responses it was not required for vaccine or infection-induced IgG1 responses. Discussion These results suggest that Chi3l1 modulates IgE responses, which are known to be highly dependent on IL-4-producing TFH cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L. Curtiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy and Immunology, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | - Betty Mousseau
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Natalia A. Ballesteros Benavides
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John E. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Beatriz León
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Troy D. Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Frances E. Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, United States
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3
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Wade-Vallance AK, Yang Z, Libang JB, Robinson MJ, Tarlinton DM, Allen CD. B cell receptor ligation induces IgE plasma cell elimination. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220964. [PMID: 36880536 PMCID: PMC9997509 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper regulation of IgE production safeguards against allergic disease, highlighting the importance of mechanisms that restrict IgE plasma cell (PC) survival. IgE PCs have unusually high surface B cell receptor (BCR) expression, yet the functional consequences of ligating this receptor are unknown. Here, we found that BCR ligation induced BCR signaling in IgE PCs followed by their elimination. In cell culture, exposure of IgE PCs to cognate antigen or anti-BCR antibodies induced apoptosis. IgE PC depletion correlated with the affinity, avidity, amount, and duration of antigen exposure and required the BCR signalosome components Syk, BLNK, and PLCγ2. In mice with a PC-specific impairment of BCR signaling, the abundance of IgE PCs was selectively increased. Conversely, BCR ligation by injection of cognate antigen or anti-IgE depleted IgE PCs. These findings establish a mechanism for the elimination of IgE PCs through BCR ligation. This has important implications for allergen tolerance and immunotherapy as well as anti-IgE monoclonal antibody treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam K. Wade-Vallance
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy B. Libang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marcus J. Robinson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M. Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher D.C. Allen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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How an Immune-Factor-Based Formulation of Micro-Immunotherapy Could Interfere with the Physiological Processes Involved in the Atopic March. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021483. [PMID: 36675006 PMCID: PMC9864899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic diseases consist of improper inflammatory reactions to antigens and are currently an important healthcare concern, especially considering their increasing worldwide development in recent decades. The "atopic march" defines the paradigm of allergic diseases occurring in chronological order and displaying specific spatial manifestations, as they usually start as atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergies during infancy and progressively evolve into allergic asthma (AA) and allergic rhinitis (AR) or rhino-conjunctivitis in childhood. Many immune cell subtypes and inflammatory factors are involved in these hypersensitivity reactions. In particular, the T helpers 2 (Th2) subset, through its cytokine signatures made of interleukins (ILs), such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13, as well as mast cells and their related histamine pathways, contribute greatly to the perpetuation and evolution of the atopic march. By providing low doses (LD) and ultra-low doses (ULD) of ILs and immune factors to the body, micro-immunotherapy (MI) constitutes an interesting therapeutic strategy for the management of the atopic march and its symptoms. One of the aims of this review is to shed light on the current concept of the atopic march and the underlying immune reactions occurring during the IgE-mediated responses. Moreover, the different classes of traditional and innovative treatments employed in allergic diseases will also be discussed, with a special emphasis on the potential benefits of the MI medicine 2LALERG® formulation in this context.
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Mora-Palazuelos C, Bermúdez M, Aguilar-Medina M, Ramos-Payan R, Ayala-Ham A, Romero-Quintana JG. Cytokine-polymorphisms associated with Preeclampsia: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30870. [PMID: 36181055 PMCID: PMC9524891 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia (PE) is a syndromic disorder that affects 2% to 8% of pregnancies and is diagnosed principally when hypertension appears in the second-d half of pregnancy. WHO estimates the incidence of PE to be seven times higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Severe preeclampsia/eclampsia is one of the most important causes of maternal mortality, associated with 50,000 to 100,000 annual deaths globally as well as serious fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Even though evidence from family-based studies suggest PE has a heritable component, its etiology, and specific genetic contributions remain unclear. Many studies examining the genetic factors contributing to PE have been conducted, most of them are focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Given that PE has a very important inflammatory component, is mandatory to examine cytokine-SNPs for elucidating all mechanisms involved in this pathology. In this review, we describe the most important cytokine-polymorphisms associated with the onset and development of PE. We aim to provide current and relevant evidence in this regard. METHODS We searched English databases such as PubMed and the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The publication time of the papers was set from the establishment of the databases to February 2022. All studies about Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines polymorphisms were included in our study. RESULTS SNPs in IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-22 are associated with the development, early-onset and severity of PE, being the Th1/Th2/Th17 responses affected by the presence of these SNPs. CONCLUSIONS The changes in Th1/Th2/Th17 response modify processes such as placentation, control of inflammation, and vascular function. Nonetheless, association studies have shown different results depending on sample size, diagnostic, and population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Rosalío Ramos-Payan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Alfredo Ayala-Ham
- Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
| | - Jose Geovanni Romero-Quintana
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, México
- *Correspondence: Jose Geovanni Romero-Quintana, Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Josefa Ortiz DE Domínguez S/N y Avenida DE las Américas, CP. 80010, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México (e-mail: )
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6
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Chen Q, Xie M, Liu H, Dent AL. Development of allergen-specific IgE in a food-allergy model requires precisely timed B cell stimulation and is inhibited by Fgl2. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110990. [PMID: 35767958 PMCID: PMC9271337 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses are a central feature of allergic disease. Using a well-established food-allergy model in mice, we show that two sensitizations with cognate B cell antigen (Ag) and adjuvant 7 days apart promotes optimal development of IgE+ germinal center (GC) B cells and high-affinity IgE production. Intervals of 3 or 14 days between Ag sensitizations lead to loss of IgE+ GC B cells and an undetectable IgE response. The immunosuppressive factors Fgl2 and CD39 are down-regulated in T follicular helper (TFH) cells under optimal IgE-sensitization conditions. Deletion of Fgl2 in TFH and T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells, but not from TFR cells alone, increase Ag-specific IgE levels and IgE-mediated anaphylactic responses. Overall, we find that Ag-specific IgE responses require precisely timed stimulation of IgE+ GC B cells by Ag. Furthermore, we show that Fgl2 is expressed by TFH cells and represses IgE. This work has implications for the development and treatment of food allergies. Using a mouse food-allergy model, Chen et al. find that allergen-specific IgE responses require precisely timed stimulation of IgE+ germinal center B cells. The authors further show that Fgl2 expressed by T follicular helper cells represses IgE. This work has implications for the development and treatment of food allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Markus Xie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander L Dent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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7
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Allen CDC. Features of B Cell Responses Relevant to Allergic Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 208:257-266. [PMID: 35017215 PMCID: PMC10054180 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
This Brief Review delves into B cell responses in the context of allergy. The primary contribution of B cells to allergy is the production of IgE, the Ab isotype that triggers immediate hypersensitivity reactions through the release of mediators from mast cells and basophils. B cells may also have protective roles in allergy, such as through the production of IgG or as regulatory B cells. In this review, I focus on the basic principles of B cell differentiation and discuss features relevant to allergic immune responses. In particular, I discuss: (1) class-switch recombination; (2) plasma cell differentiation; (3) germinal centers and affinity maturation; and (4) memory B cells and recall responses, with an emphasis on IgE, IgG1, and IgG4. I also consider how B cells may contribute to allergic responses independent of Ab production-for example, by serving as APCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D C Allen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; and Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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8
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Suzuki Y, Hayashi T, Yokoyama R, Nakagawa F, Inoue J, Higashi T, Onodera R, Motoyama K. Fasting impairs type 2 helper T cell infiltration in the lung of an eosinophilic asthma mouse model. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2619-2630. [PMID: 34363652 PMCID: PMC8409288 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic asthma is a form of bronchial asthma that is caused by the pulmonary infiltration of eosinophils and accounts for approximately half of the patients with severe asthma. Several cell types of the immune system in synergy with the epithelial cells of the lung provoke an inflammatory response in patients with asthma. Recently, the effect of fasting on immune cells and inflammation has attracted considerable attention. Therefore, we examined whether fasting may serve as novel preventive strategy in patients with asthma. In our study, we employed a previously established mouse model of eosinophilic asthma. C57BL/6 mice were inoculated intranasally with interleukin‐33 and ovalbumin (OVA) in order to induce eosinophil infiltration in the lung and subjected to a 48‐h long fasting period directly after or 7 days postinoculation. We used flow cytometry to characterise infiltrated immune cells in the lung and measured the quantity of inflammatory cytokines as well as antigen‐specific immunoglobins (Ig) by ELISA. Our results indicated that fasting lowered the number of eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates in the eosinophilic asthma model mice. Furthermore, fasting suppressed anti‐OVA IgG1 production. Fasting suppressed Th2 cytokine production by impairing Th2 accumulation in the lung. The findings suggest that fasting may be a novel preventive strategy for eosinophilic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hayashi
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan.,International Research and Development of Microbiology and Immunology, IMSUT, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Mock Up Vaccine, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoma Yokoyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fumika Nakagawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Joe Inoue
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan.,Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.,Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Risako Onodera
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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9
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IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis: a meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228243. [PMID: 33834211 PMCID: PMC8065178 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The relationship between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and the risk of allergic rhinitis is not clear at present. The present study aims to evaluate the exact association between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis by a meta-analysis. Methods: The studies about IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis were searched using PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Wanfang databases. The last search time was on March 1, 2021. Data analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 software. Results: Nine documents were enrolled, from which 1709 patients with allergic rhinitis were included. Among them, six genotype frequencies in the control group conformed to Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE). The meta-analysis of all included studies showed significant heterogeneity of each gene model. After omitting the studies whose genotype frequency in the control group did not meet the requirements of HWE, no significant heterogeneity was found in each gene model. The meta-analysis results of the control group genotypes in line with the HWE showed statistically significant differences in the pooled odds ratio (OR) of allele model (T vs. C), recessive model (TT vs. TC+CC) and homozygous model (TT vs. CC), which were 1.19 (95%CI: 1.04–1.35), 1.28 (95%CI: 1.06–1.55) and 1.56 (95%CI: 1.13–2.17), respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed in dominant and heterozygous genetic models. Conclusion: IL-4 rs2243250 single nucleotide polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis, allele T and genotype TT could increase the risk of allergic rhinitis.
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10
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Robinson MJ, Ding Z, Pitt C, Brodie EJ, Quast I, Tarlinton DM, Zotos D. The Amount of BCL6 in B Cells Shortly after Antigen Engagement Determines Their Representation in Subsequent Germinal Centers. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1530-1541.e4. [PMID: 32023467 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unknown whether the incremental increases in BCL6 amounts in antigen-activated B cells influence the unfolding differentiation before germinal center (GC) formation. By comparing shortly after immunization the distribution of conventional B cells to those enforced to express BCL6 at the upper quartile of normal and those lacking BCL6 altogether, we determined that B cell representation in the stages before the GC compartment was related to BCL6 amounts. This was not by increased proliferation or suppression of early plasmablast differentiation, but rather by preferential recruitment and progression through these early stages of B cell activation, culminating in preferential transition into GC. Once established, this bias was stable in GC over several weeks; other BCL6-regulated GC B cell behaviors were unaffected. We propose that setting BCL6 amounts very early in activated B cells will be central in determining clonal representation in the GC and thus memory populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus James Robinson
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Zhoujie Ding
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Erica Janet Brodie
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Isaak Quast
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - David Mathew Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Dimitra Zotos
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Level 6, Burnet Tower, 89 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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11
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Yang Z, Wu CAM, Targ S, Allen CDC. IL-21 is a broad negative regulator of IgE class switch recombination in mouse and human B cells. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133860. [PMID: 32130409 PMCID: PMC7201927 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
IgE antibodies may elicit potent allergic reactions, and their production is tightly controlled. The tendency to generate IgE has been thought to reflect the balance between type 1 and type 2 cytokines, with the latter promoting IgE. Here, we reevaluated this paradigm by a direct cellular analysis, demonstrating that IgE production was not limited to type 2 immune responses yet was generally constrained in vivo. IL-21 was a critical negative regulator of IgE responses, whereas IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 were dispensable. Follicular helper T cells were the primary source of IL-21 that inhibited IgE responses by directly engaging the IL-21 receptor on B cells and triggering STAT3-dependent signaling. We reconciled previous discordant results between mouse and human B cells and revealed that the inhibition of IgE class switch recombination by IL-21 was attenuated by CD40 signaling, whereas IgG1 class switch recombination was potentiated by IL-21 in the context of limited IL-4. These findings establish key features of the extrinsic regulation of IgE production by cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Chung-An M Wu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Sasha Targ
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Christopher D C Allen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Sandler Asthma Basic Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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12
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Yang R, Wang G, Li L, He H, Zheng M, Lu L, Wu S. Tespa1 plays a role in the modulation of airway hyperreactivity through the IL-4/STAT6 pathway. J Transl Med 2020; 18:444. [PMID: 33228696 PMCID: PMC7685668 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02621-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymocyte-expressed, positive selection-associated 1 (Tespa1) is a critical signaling molecule in thymocyte development. This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of Tespa1 on mast cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and its relationship with the interleukin (IL)-4/signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 (STAT6) signaling pathway. METHODS Tespa1 mRNA expression analysis and IgE levels were carried out using the induced sputum of 33 adults with stable asthma and 36 healthy controls. Tespa1-knockout mice (Tespa1-/-, KO) and C57BL/6 background (wild-type, WT) mice were sensitized and treated with ovalbumin (OVA) to establish an asthma model. Pathological changes, number and activity of mast cells, and changes in activation of the IL-4/STAT6 pathway in lung tissue were detected. The changes of tryptase expression and STAT6 activation after mast cell gene knockout were analyzed in vitro. The changes of enzyme expression and STAT6 activation after mast cell gene knockout were analyzed in vitro. The association between the Tespa1 and p-STAT6 was analyzed by co-immunoprecipitation method. RESULTS Compared with the healthy controls, Tespa1 expression was decreased, and IgE levels were elevated in the sputum of asthmatic patients. Animal experiments showed that Tespa1-/- mice exhibited more severe inflammation, higher quantity of goblet cells and mast cells in the bronchium, and greater expression of mast cell tryptase, which is induced by ovalbumin, than WT mice. And IL-4, IL-13, phospho-Janus kinase 1, and p-STAT6 expressions presented a higher increase in the Tespa1-/- mouse model than in the WT mouse model. Further in vitro studies confirmed that IL-4 could more significantly promote tryptase and p-STAT6 activities in Tespa1-/- mast cells than their WT counterparts. Correlation analysis results showed a negative correlation between Tespa1 and p-STAT6. Co-immunoprecipitation results demonstrated an association between Tespa1 and p-STAT6. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results indicate that Tespa1 can negatively regulate mast cell activity, and this event is related to the mast cell IL-4/STAT6 signaling pathway and could be therapeutically exploited to treat asthma attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Guangli Wang
- College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Hanjiang He
- College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Linrong Lu
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- College of Medicine and Health, Lishui University, No. 1 Xueyuan Road, Liandu District, Lishui, 323000, China.
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13
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Liang KL, Yu SJ, Huang WC, Yen HR. Luteolin Attenuates Allergic Nasal Inflammation via Inhibition of Interleukin-4 in an Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model and Peripheral Blood From Human Subjects With Allergic Rhinitis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32256362 PMCID: PMC7093717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Luteolin is the active component of Perilla frutescens, an herb for the treatment of allergy in Asia. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of luteolin treatment. Methods: BALB/c mice sensitized with house dust mite (HDM) to induce allergic rhinitis (AR), and treated with dexamethasone or luteolin. In addition, mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMC) of AR patients were co-cultured with dexamethasone or luteolin, and were re-stimulated with HDM. Results: Luteolin-treated mice had decreased allergic symptoms, and serum HDM-specific IgE when compared to the untreated group. Flow cytometric analyses of splenocytes and nasal lymphoid tissues from AR mice found that luteolin decreased CD4+ IL-4-secreting T cells when compared to those from vehicle treated AR mice. Histopathology sections showed reduced infiltration of eosinophils and decreased mucus secretion of mouse nasal epithelium. In the in vitro study, the results showed that luteolin reduced the percentage of CD4+ IL-4-secreting splenocytes expression was through reducing expression of pSTAT6 and GATA3. PBMCs from AR patients pretreated with luteolin could decrease percentage of CD4+ IL-4-secreting cells. Conclusion: Our study identified that luteolin attenuates allergic nasal inflammation via inhibition of IL-4 production, which supports the potential pharmaceutical application of luteolin treatment for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Li Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Rong Yen
- Department of Medical Research, Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Medicine University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medicine University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Robinson MJ, Pitt C, Brodie EJ, Valk AM, O'Donnell K, Nitschke L, Jones S, Tarlinton DM. BAFF, IL-4 and IL-21 separably program germinal center-like phenotype acquisition, BCL6 expression, proliferation and survival of CD40L-activated B cells in vitro. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:826-839. [PMID: 31276232 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A B cell culture system using BAFF, IL-4 and IL-21 was recently developed that generates B cells with phenotypic and functional characteristics of in vivo-generated germinal center (GC) B cells. Here, we observe discrete influences of each exogenous signal on the expansion and differentiation of a CD40L-activated B cell pool. IL-4 was expressly necessary, but neither BAFF nor IL-21 was required for B cell acquisition of the GC B cell phenotypes of peanut agglutinin binding and loss of CD38 and IgD expression. Both IL-4 and IL-21 enhanced cell cycle entry upon initial activation dose-dependently, and did so additively. Importantly, while both cytokines acted in concert to increase overall BCL6 expression amounts, IL-21 exposure uniquely caused a small proportion of cells to attain a higher level of BCL6 expression, reminiscent of in vivo GC B cells. In contrast, BAFF supported survival of a fraction of memory-like B cells in extended cultures after removal of surrogate T cell-help signals. Thus, by separably programming proliferation, survival and GC phenotype acquisition, IL-4, BAFF and IL-21 drive distinct components of activated B cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Robinson
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Catherine Pitt
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Erica J Brodie
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Anika M Valk
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Kristy O'Donnell
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Lars Nitschke
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Department of Biology, University of Erlangen, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Jones
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - David M Tarlinton
- Department of Immunology & Pathology, Alfred Research Alliance, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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15
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Kim D, McAlees JW, Bischoff LJ, Kaur D, Houshel LK, Gray J, Hargis J, Davis X, Dudas PL, Deshmukh H, Lewkowich IP. Combined administration of anti-IL-13 and anti-IL-17A at individually sub-therapeutic doses limits asthma-like symptoms in a mouse model of Th2/Th17 high asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 49:317-330. [PMID: 30353972 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have demonstrated that Th2 responses have the ability to antagonize Th17 responses. In mouse models of allergic asthma, blockade of Th2-effector cytokines results in elaboration of Th17 responses and associated increases in pulmonary neutrophilia. While these can be controlled by simultaneous blockade of Th17-associated effector cytokines, clinical trials of anti-IL-17/IL-17RA blocking therapies have demonstrated increased of risk of bacterial and fungal infections. Identification of minimally effective doses of cytokine-blocking therapies with the goal of reducing the potential emergence of infection-related complications is a translationally relevant goal. OBJECTIVE In the current report, we examine whether combined blockade of IL-13 and IL-17A, at individually sub-therapeutic levels, can limit the development of allergic asthma while sparing expression of IL-17A-associated anti-microbial effectors. METHODS House dust mite was given intratracheally to A/J mice. Anti-IL-13 and anti-IL-17A antibodies were administered individually, or concomitantly at sub-therapeutic doses. Airway hyper-reactivity, lung inflammation, magnitude of Th2- and Th17-associated cytokine production and expression of IL-13- and IL-17A-induced genes in the lungs was assessed. RESULTS Initial dosing studies identified sub-therapeutic levels of IL-13 and IL-17A blocking mAbs that have a limited effect on asthma parameters and do not impair responses to microbial products or infection. Subsequent studies demonstrated that combined sub-therapeutic dosing with IL-13 and IL-17A blocking mAbs resulted in significant improvement in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and expression of IL-13-induced gene expression. Importantly, these doses neither exacerbated nor inhibited production of Th17-associated cytokines, or IL-17A-associated gene expression. CONCLUSION This study suggests that combining blockade of individual Th2 and Th17 effector cytokines, even at individually sub-therapeutic levels, may be sufficient to limit disease development while preserving important anti-microbial pathways. Such a strategy may therefore have reduced potential for adverse events associated with blockade of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Kim
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jaclyn W McAlees
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lindsay J Bischoff
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Davinder Kaur
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lauren K Houshel
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jerilyn Gray
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Julie Hargis
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Xenia Davis
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Paul L Dudas
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ian P Lewkowich
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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16
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Prout MS, Kyle RL, Ronchese F, Le Gros G. IL-4 Is a Key Requirement for IL-4- and IL-4/IL-13-Expressing CD4 Th2 Subsets in Lung and Skin. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1211. [PMID: 29910811 PMCID: PMC5992292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Although IL-4 is long associated with CD4 Th2 immune responses, its role in Th2 subset development in non-lymphoid tissues is less clear. We sought to better define IL-4’s role in CD4 Th2 responses by using transgenic mice that express a dual IL-4 AmCyan/IL-13 DsRed (IL-4AC/IL-13DR) fluorescent reporter on an IL-4-sufficient or IL-4-deficient background. Using primary Th2 immune response models against house dust mite or Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) allergens, we examined the requirement for IL-4 by each of the defined Th2 subsets in the antigen draining lymph node, skin, and lung tissues. In the lymph node, a CXCR5+PD-1+ T follicular helper (Tfh) and a CXCR5loPD-1lo Th2 subset could be detected that expressed only IL-4AC but no IL-13DR. The number of IL-4AC+ Tfh cells was not affected by IL-4 deficiency whereas the number of IL-4AC+ Th2 cells was significantly reduced. In the non-lymphoid dermal or lung tissues of allergen primed or Nb-infected mice, three strikingly distinct T cell subsets could be detected that were IL-4AC, or IL-4AC/IL-13DR, or IL-13DR CD4. The IL-4- and IL-4/IL-13-expressing subsets were significantly reduced in IL-4-deficient mice, while the numbers of IL-13-expressing CD4 T cells were not affected by IL-4 deficiency indicating that other factors can play a role in directing the development of this Th2 subtype. Taken together, these data indicate that the appearance of IL-4-expressing Tfh cells in the lymph node is not dependent on IL-4 while the appearance of IL-4-expressing Th2 subsets in the lymph node and IL-4, IL-4/IL-13-expressing Th2 subsets in skin and lung tissues of antigen primed mice is significantly IL-4 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan L Kyle
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Franca Ronchese
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Graham Le Gros
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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