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Wang S, Wang J, Zhang J, Wu X, Guo Q, Wang Y, Tao L, Shen X, Chen Y. Chitosan-based food-grade Pickering emulsion loading with Rosa roxburghii extract against precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128093. [PMID: 37981272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma (PLGC) are the most important stage in the development of gastric cancer, accompanied by significant oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Rosa roxburghii extract (RRE) has unique advantages in anti-PLGC due to its multi-component, high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the astringency and instability of RRE in the digestive tract seriously hinder its clinical application. Herein, we report a chitosan-based food-grade Pickering emulsion (PE) for loading RRE to block unpleasant taste, improve stability, and promote the entry of RRE into gastric epithelial cells through the gastric adhesion of chitosan, thereby enhancing preventive and therapeutic effects against PLGC. This Pickering emulsion is constructed as a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion stabilized by the food-grade nanoparticles composed of soybean protein isolate (SPI) and chitosan (CS) through electrostatic interaction (defined as RRE@PE). The experimental results showed that RRE@PE performed better efficacy against PLGC than RRE by scavenging or inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation and reducing inflammatory cytokines. This Pickering emulsion enhances the application potential of RRE and is expected to be used for the treatment of clinical patients with PLGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Junyu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingjie Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu'e Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Staab J, Vonhören L, Schwörer H, Meyer T. Association between self-rated depressive symptoms and mucosal expression of NF-κ B in patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:6. [PMID: 36841844 PMCID: PMC9960167 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies have reported elevated levels of depressive symptoms in selected samples of patients with gastritis. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of specific biomarkers of inflammation expressed in mucosal tissue from the stomach with mood and anxiety symptoms in adult patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. METHODS In this monocentric, observational study, a total of 32 study participants were included who were referred for a routine diagnostic upper endoscopic assessment based on the suspected clinical diagnosis of gastritis. All participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) before undergoing gastroscopy. Immunohistochemical stainings from biopsy sections were performed to evaluate the expression level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κ B), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). RESULTS Our findings confirmed that nearly half of the study cohort (n = 13; 41%) displayed positive HADS depression scores above the clinically relevant cut-off level of ≥ 8. Regression models demonstrated that depressive symptoms were significantly and positively associated with the expression level of NF-κ B in biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study showed a significant association between NF-κ B expression and clinically relevant depressive symptoms in patients with gastritis, as assessed by a self-rated psychometric questionnaire. Further investigations are needed to confirm this relationship and to identify the pathophysiological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Staab
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lara Vonhören
- grid.7450.60000 0001 2364 4210Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073 Göttingen, Germany ,grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Paediatric Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harald Schwörer
- grid.411984.10000 0001 0482 5331Department of Gastroenterology, Gastrointestinal Oncology and Endocrinology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg August University Göttingen, Waldweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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Wu Y, Wang W, Yu Z, Yang K, Huang Z, Chen Z, Yan X, Hu H, Wang Z. Mushroom-brush transitional conformation of mucus-inert PEG coating improves co-delivery of oral liposome for intestinal metaplasia therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 136:212798. [PMID: 35929326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The blocking of gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia (IM) has been considered to be the pivotal method to control the occurrence of gastric cancer. However, there is still a lack of effective therapeutic agent. Here, we developed mucus-penetrating liposome system by covering surface with polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains (hydrophilic and electroneutral mucus-inert material) to co-delivery candidate drugs combination. Then studied the impact on the transmucus performance of different conformations, which were constructed by controlling the density of PEG chains on the surface. The results showed that the particle size of 5%PEG-Lip was less than 120 nm, the polydispersity index was less than 0.3, and the surface potential tended to be neutral. The D value (long chain spacing) of 5% PEG-Lip was 3.25 nm, which was close to the RF value (diameter of spherical PEG long chain group without external force interference) of 3.44 nm, and the L value (extended length) was slightly larger than 3.44 nm. In this case, PEG showed mushroom-brush transitional conformation on the surface of liposomes. This conformation was not only promoted stable delivery, but also shielded the capture of mucus more favorably, leading to a more unrestricted transportation in mucus. The further in vivo experimental results demonstrated the rapid distribution of liposomes, which gradually appeared both in the superficial and deep glandular of mucosa and gland cells at 1 h and absorbed into the cell cytoplasm at 6 h. The 5% PEG-Lip with the mushroom-brush transitional configuration recalled abnormal organ index and improved inflammation and intestinal metaplasia. The modified PEG conformation assay presented here was more suitable for liposomes. This PEG-modified liposome system has potential of mucus-penetrating and provides a strategy for local treatment of gastric mucosal intestinal metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zecheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Laboratory of Metabonomics, Standard Research and Extension Base & Collaborative Innovation Center of Qiang Medicine, School of Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China.
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Study of the correlation between the expression of nuclear factor kappa B and proliferation regulatory proteins and chronic superficial gastritis. VOJNOSANIT PREGL 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/vsp200807135h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim. Cell proliferation and the regulation of protein expression play an important role in gastritis, but in chronic superficial gastritis (CSG), they are rarely reported. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) and regulatory proteins and the rat CSG. Methods. The CSG rat model was established artificially, by chemical agents and irregular diet. The expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the gastric mucosa of CSG rats was measured by immunohistochemistry, while mRNA expression levels of NF-?B p65 were detected by in situ hybridization. Results. There was more obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells in the gastric mucosa of CSG rats than in that of control rats, and the inflammation score was significantly increased. The expression levels of PCNA, EGFR, and NF-?B p65 mRNA in the gastric mucosal cells of CSG model rats increased significantly. Correlation analysis showed that the inflammation score was positively correlated with the expression levels of NF-?B p65 mRNA and EGFR, while it presented no significant correlation with the expression level of PCNA. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between NF-?B p65 mRNA and EGFR levels. Conclusion. High expression of NF-?B and EGFR plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of CSG, and it is significantly positively correlated with the degree of inflammation in the gastric mucosa. Therefore, changes in NF-?B and EGFR expression may be used as important indicators for the assessment of CSG; changes in their expression levels are helpful to assess the degree of gastric mucosal lesions and progression of CSG.
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Xu W, Li B, Xu M, Yang T, Hao X. Traditional Chinese medicine for precancerous lesions of gastric cancer: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112542. [PMID: 34929576 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. The gastric mucosa often undergoes many years of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PLGC) stages before progressing to gastric malignancy. Unfortunately, there are no effective Western drugs for patients with PLGC. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proven effective in treating PLGC. Classical TCM formulas and chemical components isolated from some Chinese herbal medicines have been administered to treat PLGC, and the main advantage is their comprehensive intervention with multiple approaches and multiple targets. In this review, we focus on recent studies using TCM treatment for PLGC, including clinical observations and experimental research, with a focus on targets and mechanisms of drugs. This review provides some ideas and a theoretical basis for applying TCM to treat PLGC and prevent GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Xu
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Bolin Li
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050011, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Gastroenterology, Shijiazhuang 050011, China
| | - Miaochan Xu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Xinyu Hao
- Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
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Shi Z, Zhang M. Emerging Roles for the Gut Microbiome in Lymphoid Neoplasms. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-ONCOLOGY 2021; 15:11795549211024197. [PMID: 34211309 PMCID: PMC8216388 DOI: 10.1177/11795549211024197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoid neoplasms encompass a heterogeneous group of malignancies with a predilection for immunocompromised individuals, and the disease burden of lymphoid neoplasms has been rising globally over the last decade. At the same time, mounting studies delineated a crucial role of the gut microbiome in the aetiopathogenesis of various diseases. Orchestrated interactions between myriad microorganisms and the gastrointestinal mucosa establish a defensive barrier for a range of physiological processes, especially immunity and metabolism. These findings provide new perspectives to harness our knowledge of the gut microbiota for preclinical and clinical studies of lymphoma. Here, we review recent findings that support a role for the gut microbiota in the development of lymphoid neoplasms and pinpoint relevant molecular mechanisms. Accordingly, we propose the microbiota-gut-lymphoma axis as a promising target for clinical translation, including auxiliary diagnosis, novel prevention and treatment strategies, and predicting clinical outcomes and treatment-related adverse effects of the disease in the future. This review will reveal a fascinating avenue of research in the microbiota-mediated lymphoma field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment Centre of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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Chonwerawong M, Ferrand J, Chaudhry HM, Higgins C, Tran LS, Lim SS, Walker MM, Bhathal PS, Dev A, Moore GT, Sievert W, Jenkins BJ, D'Elios MM, Philpott DJ, Kufer TA, Ferrero RL. Innate Immune Molecule NLRC5 Protects Mice From Helicobacter-induced Formation of Gastric Lymphoid Tissue. Gastroenterology 2020; 159:169-182.e8. [PMID: 32169428 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Helicobacter pylori induces strong inflammatory responses that are directed at clearing the infection, but if not controlled, these responses can be harmful to the host. We investigated the immune-regulatory effects of the innate immune molecule, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR) family CARD domain-containing 5 (NLRC5), in patients and mice with Helicobacter infection. METHODS We obtained gastric biopsies from 30 patients in Australia. We performed studies with mice that lack NLRC5 in the myeloid linage (Nlrc5møKO) and mice without Nlrc5 gene disruption (controls). Some mice were gavaged with H pylori SS1 or Helicobacter felis; 3 months later, stomachs, spleens, and sera were collected, along with macrophages derived from bone marrow. Human and mouse gastric tissues and mouse macrophages were analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, immunoblots, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. THP-1 cells (human macrophages, controls) and NLRC5-/- THP-1 cells (generated by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing) were incubated with Helicobacter and gene expression and production of cytokines were analyzed. RESULTS Levels of NLRC5 messenger RNA were significantly increased in gastric tissues from patients with H pylori infection, compared with patients without infection (P < .01), and correlated with gastritis severity (P < .05). H pylori bacteria induced significantly higher levels of chemokine and cytokine production by NLRC5-/- THP-1 macrophages than by control THP-1 cells (P < .05). After 3 months of infection with H felis, Nlrc5mø-KO mice developed gastric hyperplasia (P < .0001), splenomegaly (P < .0001), and increased serum antibody titers (P < .01), whereas control mice did not. Nlrc5mø-KO mice with chronic H felis infection had increased numbers of gastric B-cell follicles expressing CD19 (P < .0001); these follicles had features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. We identified B-cell-activating factor as a protein that promoted B-cell hyperproliferation in Nlrc5mø-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS NLRC5 is a negative regulator of gastric inflammation and mucosal lymphoid formation in response to Helicobacter infection. Aberrant NLRC5 signaling in macrophages can promote B-cell lymphomagenesis during chronic Helicobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Chonwerawong
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ferrand
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hassan Mohammad Chaudhry
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chloe Higgins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Le Son Tran
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - San Sui Lim
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marjorie M Walker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prithi S Bhathal
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anouk Dev
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gregory T Moore
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia
| | - William Sievert
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Victoria, Australia; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mario M D'Elios
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas A Kufer
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Department of Immunology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Victoria, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
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Li R, Liang P, Yuan J, He F. Exosomal miR-103a-3p ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced immune response in BEAS-2B cells via NF-κB pathway by targeting transducin β-like 1X related protein 1. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:620-627. [PMID: 31876003 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal immune response contributes to pathophysiology of pneumonia and is recognized as a main factor for high incidence rate in children. The association between exosomes and inflammation has been reported in diverse cell types and diseases. The current study focuses on exploring the effects of exosomal miR-103a-3p on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, and investigates the underlying mechanisms. We proved that miR-103a-3p was lowly expressed in blood samples of pneumonia patients and LPS-induced lung cells, and overexpression of miR-103a-3p weaken the LPS-induced inflammation. Using luciferase reporter assay and immunoprecipitation assay, we demonstrated that miR-103a-3p directly binds to a specific region of transducin β-like 1X related protein 1 (TBL1XR1), mediating the NF-κB signalling pathway, thus regulating immune response. Taken together, our data revealed that miR-103a-3p functions as an anti-inflammatory gene in childhood pneumonia and can be applied as therapeutic targets for the treatment of childhood pneumonia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruina Li
- The Third Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengbo Liang
- Chinese and Western Medicine, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan Yuan
- The Second Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangzhi He
- Outpatient of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Pregnane X receptor activation constrains mucosal NF-κB activity in active inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221924. [PMID: 31581194 PMCID: PMC6776398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) is a principal signal transducer in mucosal responses to xenobiotic stress. It is well-recognized that inflammatory bowel disease is accompanied by xenobiotic stress, but the importance of the PXR in limiting inflammatory responses in inflammatory bowel disease remains obscure at best. Methods We stimulate a total of 106 colonic biopsies from 19 Crohn’s disease patients with active disease, 36 colonic biopsies from 8 control patients, colonic organoids and various cell culture models (either proficient or genetically deficient with respect to PXR) in vitro with the PXR ligand rifampicin or vehicle. Effects on NF-κB activity are assessed by measuring interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) mRNA levels by qPCR and in cell culture models by NF-κB reporter-driven luciferase activity and Western blot for signal transduction elements. Results We observe a strict inverse correlation between colonic epithelial PXR levels and NF-κB target gene expression in colonic biopsies from Crohn’s disease patients. PXR, activated by rifampicin, is rate-limiting for mucosal NF-κB activation in IBD. The correlation between colonic epithelial PXR levels and NF-κB target gene expression was also observed in intestinal organoids system. Furthermore, in preclinical in vitro models of intestinal inflammation, including intestinal organoids, genetic inactivation of PXR unleashes NF-κB-dependent signal transduction whereas conversely NF-κB signaling reduces levels of PXR expression. Conclusions Our data indicate that the PXR is a major and clinically relevant antagonist of NF-κB activity in the intestinal epithelial compartment during inflammatory bowel disease.
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Ying L, Ferrero RL. Role of NOD1 and ALPK1/TIFA Signalling in Innate Immunity Against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2019; 421:159-177. [PMID: 31123889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15138-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human pathogen Helicobacter pylori interacts intimately with gastric epithelial cells to induce inflammatory responses that are a hallmark of the infection. This inflammation is a critical precursor to the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. A major driver of this inflammation is a type IV secretion system (T4SS) encoded by the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), present in a subpopulation of more virulent H. pylori strains. The cagPAI T4SS specifically activates signalling pathways in gastric epithelial cells that converge on the transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which in turn upregulates key immune and inflammatory genes, resulting in various host responses. It is now clear that H. pylori possesses several mechanisms to activate NF-κB in gastric epithelial cells and, moreover, that multiple signalling pathways are involved in these responses. Two of the dominant signalling pathways implicated in NF-κB-dependent responses in epithelial cells are nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain 1 (NOD1) and a newly described pathway involving alpha-kinase 1 (ALPK1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA). Although the relative roles of these two pathways in regulating NF-κB-dependent responses still need to be clearly defined, it is likely that they work cooperatively and non-redundantly. This chapter will give an overview of the various mechanisms and pathways involved in H. pylori induction of NF-κB-dependent responses in gastric epithelial cells, including a 'state-of-the-art' review on the respective roles of NOD1 and ALPK1/TIFA pathways in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Ying
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard L Ferrero
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Ubale RV, Shastri PN, Oettinger C, D’Souza MJ. Pulmonary Administration of Microparticulate Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO) for the Treatment of Lung Inflammation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:1908-1919. [PMID: 29663290 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-018-1002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery to the lung for controlling lung inflammation is an area that we have explored in this study. The purpose was to use microparticles containing an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) to NF-κB to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Microparticles were prepared using the B-290 Buchi Spray Dryer using albumin as the microparticle matrix. Physicochemical characterization of the microparticles showed the size ranged from 2 to 5 μm, the charge was - 38.4 mV, and they had a sustained release profile over 72 h. Uptake of FITC-labeled ASO-loaded microparticles versus FITC-labeled ASO solution by RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells was 5-10-fold higher. After pulmonary delivery of microparticles to Sprague-Dawley rats, the microparticles were uniformly distributed throughout the lung and were retained in the lungs until 48 h. Serum cytokine (TNF-α and IL-1β) levels of rats after induction of lung inflammation by lipopolysaccharide were measured until 72 h. Animals receiving ASO-loaded microparticles were successful in significantly controlling lung inflammation during this period as compared to animals receiving no treatment. This study was successful in proving that microparticulate ASO therapy was capable of controlling lung inflammation.
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Kim SC, Hwang PH. Up-regulation of IGF Binding Protein-3 Inhibits Colonic Inflammatory Response. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e110. [PMID: 29573252 PMCID: PMC5865057 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggravating factors still remained unclear in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite many different therapeutic approaches, many patients do not respond to the therapy. The anti-inflammatory effect of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) was suggested because of its capability of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling inhibition. Therefore, we hypothesized that the up-regulation of IGFBP-3 would inhibit an inflammatory process. METHODS Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treated intestinal epithelial cell 6 (IEC-6) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced colitis mice were used as colitis models. Exogenous IGFBP-3 expression was accomplished using the adenoviral vector system expressing IGFBP-3 (Ad/IGFBP-3). The inflammatory responses and relevant cellular responses in IEC-6 cells influenced by IGFBP-3 expression were evaluated by western blotting, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. The severity of colitis was evaluated with the colon tissues of DSS-induced mouse model. RESULTS We found that the IGFBP-3 expression reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines (cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α) and ROS formation. IGFBP-3 expression also induced cell viability and inhibited NF-κB activation. In line with this data, the severity of DSS-induced mouse colitis was greatly ameliorated by the treatment of IGFBP-3 expressing adenoviral particles characterized with less weight loss and preserved colon length compared with the mice treated with DSS alone. The histopathology of the colon showed the reducing signs of colitis in Ad/IGFBP-3 treated DSS-mice group. CONCLUSION Therefore, our data suggest that Ad/IGFBP-3 up-regulation reduces colonic inflammatory response as a novel therapeutic protocol for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Pyoung Han Hwang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea.
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Shi D, Liu Y, Wu D, Hu X. Transfection of the Helicobacter pylori CagA gene alters MUC5AC expression in human gastric cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:5208-5212. [PMID: 29552159 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, the primary causative agent of stomach cancer, is known to affect gastric mucin expression. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms mediating this H. pylori-dependent effect remain unknown. In the present study, the effect of exogenous expression of the H. pylori virulence factor, CagA, on mucin 5AC oligomeric muscus/gel-forming (MUC5AC) expression was investigated using an in vitro model of the gastric mucosa. AGS cells were either untreated or transfected by a vector control (pCDNA3.1) or heterologous DNA, which induced CagA overexpression (pCDNA3.1-CagA). The expression and functionality of MUC5AC was analyzed using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence assays. The expression of H. pylori-CagA in AGS cells was able to significantly upregulate MUC5AC expression compared to the vector control. In addition, immunofluorescence assays were able to validate increased MUC5AC expression following exogenous expression of H. pylori-CagA. The results of the present study revealed that the H. pylori-derived virulence factor CagA was able to increase the expression of MUC5AC. As this mucin constitutes an important ecological niche for H. pylori, this response may be involved in H. pylori colonization of the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Yongpan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People's Hospital of Yuhang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 31100, P.R. China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
| | - Xujun Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, P.R. China
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Liu Z, Yu H, Guo Q. MicroRNA‑20a promotes inflammation via the nuclear factor‑κB signaling pathway in pediatric pneumonia. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:612-617. [PMID: 29115456 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a common respiratory disease worldwide, which is preventable and treatable; however, it is recognized as a leading cause of mortality in children. The present study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of microRNA (miR)‑20a in inflammation in pediatric pneumonia. Clinical serum samples were collected from children with pneumonia and healthy children. Initially, the serum expression levels of miR‑20a were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, A549 cells were randomly divided into four groups: Control group; lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 µg/ml) group; LPS + miR‑20a group; and LPS + miR‑20a + pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC; 100 mmol/l) group. The concentrations of interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α and C‑reactive protein (CRP) in clinical serum samples and A549 cells were determined by ELISA. In addition, the protein expression levels of inhibitor of nuclear factor (NF)‑κB α (IκBα) and phosphorylated (p)‑NF‑κB were measured by western blotting. The results demonstrated that miR‑20a was upregulated in children with pneumonia and in lung cells with LPS‑induced inflammatory injury (P<0.01). In addition, compared with the LPS group, cells in the LPS + miR‑20a group exhibited increased expression levels of IL‑6, TNF‑α and CRP (P<0.05). Overexpression of miR‑20a also resulted in upregulation of the expression levels of IκBα and p‑NF‑κB compared with in the LPS group (P<0.05). Furthermore, treatment with the NF‑κB inhibitor PDTC inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors compared with in the LPS + miR‑20a group (P<0.05). In conclusion, the present study indicated that miR‑20a is upregulated in pediatric pneumonia, and overexpression of miR‑20a may promote inflammation through activation of the NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Liu
- Department of Emergency, Jinan Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250001, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuye Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, Shaanxi 723000, P.R. China
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Interleukin-17C in Human Helicobacter pylori Gastritis. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00389-17. [PMID: 28739826 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00389-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family of cytokines (IL-17A to IL-17F) is involved in many inflammatory diseases. Although IL-17A is recognized as being involved in the pathophysiology of Helicobacter pylori-associated diseases, the role of other IL-17 cytokine family members remains unclear. Microarray analysis of IL-17 family cytokines was performed in H. pylori-infected and uninfected gastric biopsy specimens. IL-17C mRNA was upregulated approximately 4.5-fold in H. pylori-infected gastric biopsy specimens. This was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR in infected and uninfected gastric mucosa obtained from Bhutan and from the Dominican Republic. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that IL-17C expression in H. pylori-infected gastric biopsy specimens was predominantly localized to epithelial and chromogranin A-positive endocrine cells. IL-17C mRNA levels were also significantly greater among cagA-positive than cagA-negative H. pylori infections (P = 0.012). In vitro studies confirmed an increase in IL-17C mRNA and protein levels in cells infected with cagA-positive infections compared to cells infected with either cagA-negative or cag pathogenicity island (PAI) mutant. Chemical inhibition of IκB kinase (IKK), mitogen-activated protein extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK), and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibited induction of IL-17C proteins in infected cells, whereas p38 inhibition had no effect on IL-17C protein secretion. In conclusion, H. pylori infection was associated with a significant increase in IL-17C expression in human gastric mucosa. The role of IL-17C in the pathogenesis of H. pylori-induced diseases remains to be determined.
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Son WR, Nam MH, Hong CO, Kim Y, Lee KW. Plantamajoside from Plantago asiatica modulates human umbilical vein endothelial cell dysfunction by glyceraldehyde-induced AGEs via MAPK/NF-κB. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 17:66. [PMID: 28109289 PMCID: PMC5251346 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1570-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Plantago asiatica has been traditionally used for traditional medicine around East Asia. Plantamajoside (PM), which is isolated from this plant, is known for biological properties including anti-inflammation and antioxidant activity. To demonstrate the biological activity of PM against endothelial dysfunction induced by advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), a cellular inflammatory mechanism system was evaluated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods We obtained PM through previous research in our laboratory. We formed the AGEs from bovine serum albumin with glyceraldehyde in the dark for seven days. To confirm the modulation of the inflammatory mechanism in endothelial dysfunction, we quantified the various pro-inflammatory cytokines and endothelial dysfunction-related proteins in the HUVECs with Western blotting and with real-time and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results Co-treatment with PM and AGEs significantly suppressed inflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecule expression. Moreover, the PM treatment for down-regulated inflammatory signals and blocked monocyte adhesion on the HUVECs. Conclusions Theses results demonstrated that PM, as a potential natural compound, protects AGE-induced endothelial cells against inflammatory cellular dysfunction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1570-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) in Human Gastric Epithelial Cells: A Comparative Study. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071156. [PMID: 27447609 PMCID: PMC4964528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Raisins (Vitis vinifera L.) are dried grapes largely consumed as important source of nutrients and polyphenols. Several studies report health benefits of raisins, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, whereas the anti-inflammatory activity at gastric level of the hydro-alcoholic extracts, which are mostly used for food supplements preparation, was not reported until now. The aim of this study was to compare the anti-inflammatory activity of five raisin extracts focusing on Interleukin (IL)-8 and Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB pathway. Raisin extracts were characterized by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis and screened for their ability to inhibit Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α-induced IL-8 release and promoter activity in human gastric epithelial cells. Turkish variety significantly inhibited TNFα-induced IL-8 release, and the effect was due to the impairment of the corresponding promoter activity. Macroscopic evaluation showed the presence of seeds, absent in the other varieties; thus, hydro-alcoholic extracts from fruits and seeds were individually tested on IL-8 and NF-κB pathway. Seed extract inhibited IL-8 and NF-κB pathway, showing higher potency with respect to the fruit. Although the main effect was due to the presence of seeds, the fruit showed significant activity as well. Our data suggest that consumption of selected varieties of raisins could confer a beneficial effect against gastric inflammatory diseases.
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Chen P, Cui Y, Fu QY, Lu YY, Fang JY, Chen XY. Positive relationship between p42.3 gene and inflammation in chronic non-atrophic gastritis. J Dig Dis 2015; 16:568-74. [PMID: 26316259 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric cancer (GC) is a typical type of inflammation-related tumor. The p42.3 gene is shown to be highly expressed in GC, but its association with gastritis remains unknown. We aimed to explore the relationship between gastric inflammation and p42.3 gene in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Normal gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) were treated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Total cell mRNA and protein were extracted and collected, and polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to determine the relative expression of p42.3 gene. In total, 291 biopsy samples from patients with chronic non-atrophic gastritis were collected and immunohistochemistry was used to measure the p42.3 protein expression. The association between p42.3 protein expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of these patients were analyzed. RESULTS Both H. pylori and TNF-α significantly enhanced the p42.3 protein expression in GES-1 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. In addition, p42.3 gene expression was positively associated with the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation and H. pylori infection (P = 0.000). Its expression was significantly more common in severe gastric inflammation and in H. pylori-infected cases. CONCLUSION p42.3 gene expression is associated with gastric mucosal inflammation that can be upregulated by TNF-α and H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yan Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - You Yong Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital/Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Sangiovanni E, Di Lorenzo C, Colombo E, Colombo F, Fumagalli M, Frigerio G, Restani P, Dell'Agli M. The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the anti-inflammatory activity of Vitis vinifera L. leaves. Food Funct 2015; 6:2453-63. [PMID: 26102216 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Botanicals are widely consumed all over the world for health purposes, with increased usage in the general population, in many different types of products, including foods and plant food supplements. Several reports support for the beneficial effects of botanicals against gastrointestinal inflammation. However, no studies regarding the anti-inflammatory activity in the gastrointestinal tract of red vine leaves have been reported so far. The present work investigates the biological activity of Vitis vinifera L. water extract (VVWE) from dried leaves in two in vitro models of gastric and intestinal inflammation. The extract was characterized by a validated HPLC-DAD method, and tested on human epithelial gastric (AGS) and intestinal (Caco-2) cells with the aim to investigate the inhibitory effect on IL-8 secretion and promoter activity, before and after in vitro gastric or gastrointestinal digestion. Our results show that the water extract from red vine leaves inhibits TNFα-induced IL-8 secretion and expression in human gastric epithelial cells; the effect should be maintained, although to a lesser extent, after gastric digestion. In contrast, the effect after intestinal digestion is dramatically decreased since degradation of the active components in the gut does not allow the extract to efficiently counteract TNFα or IL-1β induced IL-8 expression and the NF-κB pathway. The main molecular target of VVWE at the gastric level includes TNFα-induced activation of NF-κB and occurs at concentrations easily reachable after PFS consumption based on red vine leaf water extract as the ingredient. Our findings suggest that PFS containing water extracts from Vitis vinifera L. leaves could be useful to inhibit/attenuate gastric inflammation inhibiting IL-8 secretion and expression through impairment of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sangiovanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari; Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti, 9, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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Bontems P, Aksoy E, Burette A, Segers V, Deprez C, Mascart F, Cadranel S. NF-κB activation and severity of gastritis in Helicobacter pylori-infected children and adults. Helicobacter 2014; 19:157-67. [PMID: 24661597 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to adults, Helicobacter pylori gastritis in children is reported as milder and ulcer disease as uncommon, but unequivocal data are lacking. OBJECTIVES To compare the frequency of gastro-duodenal ulcers in children and adults as well as the proportion of Helicobacter pylori infection in these patients and to study the effect of chronological age on NF-κB activation and on severity of gastritis. DESIGN Patients referred in one pediatric and one adult facility for upper GI endoscopy were included. Gastric biopsies were obtained in consecutive Helicobacter pylori-infected patients and age-matched negative controls for immunohistochemistry and electrophoresis mobility shift assay. Three age groups were defined: younger than 8 years, 8-17 years, and adults. RESULTS Peptic ulcer disease was less frequent in children and less frequently associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. When comparing infected subjects to controls, densities of neutrophils and CD20 cells in the lamina propria increased in all age groups, CD3 cells increasing only in patients older than 8 years and CD8 cells only in adults. NF-κB-p65-positive cells were also increased only in infected adults as well as NF-κB-binding activity. A positive correlation was found between age and densities of neutrophils and CD3, but not of CD8 or CD20 cells. CONCLUSION Peptic ulcer disease was less frequent in children and less frequently caused by Helicobacter pylori infection. The different clinical outcome of the infection in children can be the consequence of the lower mucosal immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bontems
- Paediatric Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Queen Fabiola Children's University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av JJ Crocq 15, 1020, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Vaccinology and Mucosal Immunity, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Route de Lennik 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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Perrais M, Rousseaux C, Ducourouble MP, Courcol R, Vincent P, Jonckheere N, Van Seuningen I. Helicobacter pylori urease and flagellin alter mucin gene expression in human gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2014; 17:235-46. [PMID: 23703470 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-013-0267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (Hp), which is one of the causative agents in human gastric adenocarcinoma, is known to interact with mucous gel and alter mucin gene expression. The aim of this work was to study, using an in vitro model of cell infection, the effects of urease, flagellin, and CagA virulence factors on the regulation of the four 11p15 mucin genes (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6). METHODS KATO-III and AGS gastric cancer cells were infected for 1, 3 or 6 h with Hp wild-type strains (ATCC 43504, N6, and SS1) or corresponding isogenic mutants deficient for urease subunit B, flagellin subunit A, and CagA. mRNA levels of MUC2, MUC5B, MUC5AC and MUC6 were assessed by RT-PCR, and functional activity of their promoters was measured by transient transfection assays. RESULTS Infection of KATO-III cells with Hp wild-type strains resulted in an early (at 1 h) transient expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 mRNA concomitant with those of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α cytokines. In these cells, the UreB(-) isogenic mutant induced strong activation of MUC5AC expression, and UreB-responsive elements were located in the -486/-1 region of the promoter. FlaA(-) and CagA(-) mutants had no effect on mucin gene mRNA levels in KATO-III cells. In AGS cells, Hp-responsive elements were identified in all promoters, and overexpression of NF-κB induced upregulation of MUC5AC promoter activity when infected with the UreB(-) isogenic mutant. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Hp infection of gastric cancer cells alters 11p15 mucin gene transcription and that MUC5AC downregulation is mediated by urease virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Perrais
- Inserm, UMR837, JPARC, Team "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis", Bâtiment G. Biserte, Rue Polonovski, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
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Nagata N, Akiyama J, Marusawa H, Shimbo T, Liu Y, Igari T, Nakashima R, Watanabe H, Uemura N, Chiba T. Enhanced expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in human gastric mucosa infected by Helicobacter pylori and its decrease following eradication. J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:427-35. [PMID: 23591766 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-013-0808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown important roles for activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an intrinsic genome mutator, in H. pylori-associated gastric cancer development. Here, we evaluated the relationship between H. pylori-induced gastritis and AID expression from human biopsy specimens. METHODS In 109 patients with dyspeptic symptoms who had undergone endoscopy and received biopsy of the antrum, angulus, and corpus, H. pylori infection was diagnosed by serologic test, (13)C urea breath test, and histological examination. Histological scores of H. pylori, neutrophils, mononuclear cells, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia (IM) were assessed using the updated Sydney system (USS). Immunohistochemical AID expression of the biopsy specimens was scored. RESULTS Sixty of 109 (55.0 %) patients were positive for H. pylori and eradication was successful in 48 patients. AID expression in H. pylori-infected mucosa was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than in non-infected mucosa. AID expression was highest in the antrum and was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced toward the proximal portion of the stomach. For USS, multivariate analysis using linear regression revealed that mononuclear cell infiltration (p < 0.01) and IM (p < 0.05) correlated independently with AID expression. After eradication of H. pylori, AID expression was significantly decreased (p < 0.01), but was still higher than that in H. pylori-negative patients in all sites of the stomach. CONCLUSIONS AID expression is elevated in H. pylori-positive patients and is reduced following H. pylori eradication. Moreover, AID expression is highest in the antrum and correlated with severity of chronic inflammation and IM, suggesting an important role for AID in gastric cancer development through gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyoshi Nagata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan,
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Song Y, Wang Q, Huang W, Xiao L, Shen L, Xu W. NF κB expression increases and CFTR and MUC1 expression decreases in the endometrium of infertile patients with hydrosalpinx: a comparative study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:86. [PMID: 23061681 PMCID: PMC3551815 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrosalpinx are associated with infertility, due to reduced rates of implantation and increased abortion rates. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), nuclear factor kappa B (NF KappaB) and mucin-1 (MUC-1), and analyze the correlation between the expression of CFTR and NF KappaB or MUC1, in the endometrium of infertile women with and without hydrosalpinx. METHODS Thirty-one infertile women with laparoscopy-confirmed unilateral or bilateral hydrosalpinx and 20 infertile women without hydrosalpinx or pelvic inflammatory disease (control group) were recruited. Endometrial biopsy samples were collected and the expression of CFTR, NF KappaB and MUC1 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS CFTR, NF KappaB and MUC1 mRNA and protein expression tended to increase in the secretory phase compared to the proliferative phase in both groups; however, these differences were not significantly different. The endometrium of infertile patients with hydrosalpinx had significantly higher NF KappaB mRNA and protein expression, and significantly lower CFTR and MUC1 mRNA and protein expression, compared to control infertile patients. A positive correlation was observed between CFTR and MUC1 mRNA expression (r = 0.65, P < 0.05); a negative correlation was observed between CFTR mRNA and NF KappaB mRNA expression (r = -0.59, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased NF KappaB expression and decreased CFTR and MUC1 expression in the endometrium of infertile patients with hydrosalpinx reinforce the involvement of a molecular mechanism in the regulation of endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Song
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Licong Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenming Xu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
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Sangiovanni E, Colombo E, Fumagalli M, Abbiati F, Caruso D, Dell'Agli M. Inhibition of NF- κ
B Activity by Minor Polar Components of Extra-Virgin Olive Oil at Gastric Level. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1569-71. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Elisa Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Federico Abbiati
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
- Research Centre for the Characterization and Safe Use of Natural Products; Giovanni Galli, Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Mario Dell'Agli
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences; Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
- Research Centre for the Characterization and Safe Use of Natural Products; Giovanni Galli, Università degli Studi di Milano; Via Balzaretti, 9 20133 Milano Italy
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Khan S, Shin EM, Choi RJ, Jung YH, Kim J, Tosun A, Kim YS. Suppression of LPS-induced inflammatory and NF-κB responses by anomalin in RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:2179-88. [PMID: 21480361 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of inflammatory diseases today is largely based on interrupting the synthesis or action of the mediators that drive the host's response to injury. It is on the basis of this concept that most of the anti-inflammatory drugs have been developed. In our continuous search for novel anti-inflammatory agents from traditional medicinal plants, Saposhnikovia divaricata has been a focus of our investigations. Anomalin, a pyranocoumarin constituent of S. divaricata, exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity. To clarify the cellular signaling mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory action of anomalin, we investigated the effect of anomalin on the production of inflammatory molecules in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. The anomalin dose-dependently inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA and protein expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage. Molecular analysis using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealed that several pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), were reduced by anomalin, and this reduction correlated with the down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, anomalin suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation and degradation of IκBα. To further study the mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory activity, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using a (32) P-labeled NF-κB probe was conducted. LPS-induced NF-κB DNA binding was drastically abolished by anomalin. The present data suggest that anomalin is a major anti-inflammatory agent and may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
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Cell Autonomous and Non-Autonomous Functions of IKKβ and NF-κB during the Pathogenesis of Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:2214-22. [PMID: 24212805 PMCID: PMC3757413 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3022214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies describing a link between cancer and inflammation have increased recently. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and its effector pathways has been proposed to be the missing link between these two processes. NF-κB is persistently activated in several types of tumors. However, NF-κB has a distinct role in cancer cells and in inflammatory cells. While in tumor cells NF-κB controls cell survival, in inflammatory cells NF-κB activates genes that encode pro-inflammatory cytokines which further act in a paracrine manner within the tumor microenvironment to contribute to tumorigenesis. Inactivation of NF-κB can also reduce chemoresistance and radioresistance of cancer cells. Therefore, specific NF-κB inhibition in combination with cytotoxic drugs and/or irradiation represents a very promising strategy for cancer therapy.
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Kato N, Sugawara M, Maeda K, Hosoya N, Motoyama T. Pyloric gland metaplasia/differentiation in multiple organ systems in a patient with Peutz-Jegher's syndrome. Pathol Int 2011; 61:369-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2011.02670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Shibata W, Takaishi S, Muthupalani S, Pritchard DM, Whary MT, Rogers AB, Fox JG, Betz KS, Kaestner KH, Karin M, Wang TC. Conditional deletion of IkappaB-kinase-beta accelerates helicobacter-dependent gastric apoptosis, proliferation, and preneoplasia. Gastroenterology 2010; 138:1022-34.e1-10. [PMID: 19962981 PMCID: PMC2831162 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB)/IkappaB-kinase-beta (IKKbeta) pathway has been shown to represent a key link between inflammation and cancer, inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells and anti-apoptotic pathways in epithelial cells. However, the role of NF-kappaB pathway in gastric carcinogenesis and injury has not been well-defined. We derived mice with a conditional knockout of IKKbeta in gastric epithelial cells (GECs) and myeloid cells, and examined responses to ionizing radiation (IR) and Helicobacter felis infection. METHODS Ikkbeta(Deltastom) mice were generated by crossing Foxa3-Cre mice to Ikkbeta(F/F) mice. Cellular stress was induced with IR and H felis in Ikkbeta(Deltastom), Ikkbeta(F/F), and cis-NF-kappaB-enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter mice. Gastric histopathology, apoptosis, proliferation, necrosis, reactive oxygen species, and expression of cytokines, chemokines, and anti-apoptotic genes were assessed. The role of myeloid IKKbeta in these models was studied by crosses with LysM-Cre mice. RESULTS NF-kappaB activity was upregulated in myeloid cells with acute H felis infection, but in GECs by IR or long-term H felis infection during progression to dysplasia. Deletion of IKKbeta in GECs led to increased apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and cellular necrosis, and resulted in up-regulation of interleukin-1alpha and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes. Loss of IKKbeta in GECs resulted in worse inflammation and more rapid progression to gastric preneoplasia, while loss of IKKbeta in myeloid cells inhibited development of gastric atrophy. CONCLUSIONS The loss of IKKbeta/NF-kappaB signaling in GECs results in increased apoptosis and necrosis in response to cellular stress, and accelerated development of dysplasia by Helicobacter infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Shibata
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Shigeo Takaishi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | | | - D. Mark Pritchard
- Division of Gastroenterology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Whary
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Arlin B. Rogers
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Kelly S. Betz
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Klaus H. Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
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Kahlon DK, Lansdell TA, Fisk JS, Tepe JJ. Structural–activity relationship study of highly-functionalized imidazolines as potent inhibitors of nuclear transcription factor-κB mediated IL-6 production. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:3093-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Trifonova RT, Bajpai M, Pasicznyk JM, Chandra N, Doncel GF, Fichorova RN. Biomarkers of leukocyte traffic and activation in the vaginal mucosa. Biomarkers 2008; 12:608-22. [PMID: 17852080 DOI: 10.1080/13547500701600670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Development of novel vaginal spermicides and anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microbicides requires careful assessment of their potential to recruit and activate CD4+ HIV-1 host cells in the female genital tract mucosa, two events that facilitate HIV-1 infection. Leukocyte traffic and activation are mediated by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, e.g. interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6 and IL-8, which have been detected in vaginal secretions in association with epithelial damage and infections. These proinflammatory mediators, however, have bidirectional, destructive as well as beneficial, effects on the mucosal barrier, and may be counterbalanced by endogenous inhibitors. Here we propose additional biomarkers for the evaluation of compound-induced cervicovaginal mucosal inflammation. Displaying different temporal patterns of detection, the levels of soluble E-selectin, vascular adhesion molecule-1, CD14 and myeloperoxidase in vaginal secretions reflected the mucosal leukocyte reaction to proinflammatory compounds being evaluated for safety in an improved rabbit vaginal irritation model. These biomarkers, which were also detected in human vaginal secretions, may be used to enhance the characterization of mucosal safety of vaginally applied compounds, both in animal as well as clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radiana T Trifonova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Sipos G, Sipos P, Altdorfer K, Pongor É, Fehér E. Correlation and Immunolocalization of Substance P Nerve Fibers and Activated Immune Cells in Human Chronic Gastritis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:1140-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) plays a key regulatory role in host cell responses to Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. Although mice are routinely used as a model to study H. pylori pathogenesis, the role of NF-kappaB in murine cell responses to helicobacters has not been studied in detail. We thus investigated the abilities of different Helicobacter isolates to induce NF-kappaB-dependent responses in murine gastric epithelial cells (GECs) and in transgenic mice harboring an NF-kappaB-responsive lacZ reporter gene. H. pylori and Helicobacter felis strains up-regulated the synthesis in mouse GECs of the NF-kappaB-dependent chemokines KC (CXCL1) and MIP-2 (CXCL2). These responses were cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) independent and could be abolished by pretreatment with a pharmacological inhibitor of NF-kappaB. Consistent with the in vitro data, experimental Helicobacter infection of transgenic mice resulted in increased numbers of GECs with nuclear beta-galactosidase activity, which is indicative of specific NF-kappaB activation. The numbers of beta-galactosidase-positive cells in mice were significantly increased at day 1 postinoculation with wild-type H. pylori strains harboring or not harboring a functional cagPAI, compared to naive animals (P = 0.007 and P = 0.04, respectively). Strikingly, however, no differences were observed in the levels of gastric NF-kappaB activation at day 1 postinoculation with H. felis or at day 30 or 135 postinoculation with H. pylori. This work demonstrates for the first time the induction of NF-kappaB activation within gastric mucosal cells during acute H. pylori infection. Furthermore, the data suggest that helicobacters may be able to regulate NF-kappaB signaling during chronic infection.
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Uwe S. Anti-inflammatory interventions of NF-kappaB signaling: potential applications and risks. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:1567-79. [PMID: 18070616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/22/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signaling via NF-kappaB is a key process during inflammation and thus constitutes an attractive target for anti-inflammatory therapeutic interventions. Especially during initial hyperinflammatory states of an acute illness such as sepsis or in the course of chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases inhibition of IKK-driven NF-kappaB activation provides a promising treatment strategy. Given its critical role in innate and adaptive immune responses, however, there is a certain amount of risk due to induced immunodeficiency that may follow inhibitory treatment. Moreover, its primary anti-apoptotic function suggests that blockade of NF-kappaB activation has dramatic effects on cell functions and survival and eventually worsens the course of an inflammatory disease. An overview of canonical and alternative NF-kappaB activation and its critical role in immune responses will be provided. A main topic focuses on recent animal studies and data derived from genetic studies in humans that provide an insight into potential effects of different therapeutic modulations of NF-kappaB inflammatory signaling. The pros and cons of NF-kappaB inhibition and treatment strategies will be critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senftleben Uwe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstr. 9, D-89075 Ulm, Germany.
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Jia YT, Ma B, Wei W, Xu Y, Wang Y, Tang HT, Xia ZF. Sustained activation of nuclear factor-kappaB by reactive oxygen species is involved in the pathogenesis of stress-induced gastric damage in rats. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:1582-91. [PMID: 17452936 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000266824.82280.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stress ulceration is a common complication in critically ill patients, but the mechanisms involved are poorly understood. In this study we investigated the temporal activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB and its roles in an experimental model of cold immobilization stress-induced gastric mucosal lesions. DESIGN Prospective, controlled, and randomized animal study. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Male Sprague-Dawley rats. INTERVENTIONS The rats were subjected to cold immobilization stress for a total of 6 hrs. The temporal profiles of nuclear factor-kappaB activation and expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were determined in the gastric corpus mucosa of stressed rats. To study the roles of nuclear factor-kappaB activation, rats received an intravenous bolus of a specific nuclear factor-kappaB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 (20 mg/kg) 1 hr before stress. For antioxidant administration, rats were treated with intravenous injection of a free radical scavenger pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) 1 hr before stress. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Exposure of rats to 6 hrs of stress led to a rapid and persistent activation of nuclear factor-kappaB, which was associated with transient degradation of inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha and slower but sustained degradation of IkappaBbeta. Nuclear factor-kappaB activation preceded the induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, CINC-1, ICAM-1, and iNOS messenger RNAs, all of which were linearly increased with the duration of stress. Bay 11-7082 selectively blocked the stress-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation and up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, CINC-1, ICAM-1, and iNOS messenger RNAs. Inhibition of expression of these proinflammatory genes prevented the increases in myeloperoxidase activity (an indicator of neutrophil infiltration) in gastric mucosa and the development of gastric damage. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate dose-dependently inhibited the stress-induced nuclear factor-kappaB pathway activation and consequential proinflammatory gene expression, neutrophil infiltration, and gastric damage, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species in these processes. CONCLUSIONS Sustained activation of nuclear factor-kappaB by reactive oxygen species is an important in vivo mechanism mediating stress-induced gastric inflammatory damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tao Jia
- Chinese PLA Institute of Burn Surgery & Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Escárcega RO, Fuentes-Alexandro S, García-Carrasco M, Gatica A, Zamora A. The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B and cancer. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2007; 19:154-61. [PMID: 17355113 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2006.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in 1986, many studies have been conducted showing the link between the NF-kappaB signalling pathway and control of the inflammatory response. Today it is well known that control of the inflammatory response and apoptosis is closely related to the activation of NF-kappaB. Three NF-kappaB activation pathways exist. The first (the classical pathway) is normally triggered in response to microbial and viral infections or exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines that activate the tripartite IKK complex, leading to phosphorylation-induced IkappaB degradation and depends mainly on IKKbeta activity. The second (the alternative pathway), leads to selective activation of p52:RelB dimers by inducing the processing of the NF-kappaB2/p100 precursor protein, which mostly occurs as a heterodimer with RelB in the cytoplasm. This pathway is triggered by certain members of the tumour necrosis factor cytokine family, through selective activation of IKKalpha homodimers by the upstream kinase NIK. The third pathway is named CK2 and is IKK independent. NF-kappaB acts through the transcription of anti-apoptotic proteins, leading to increased proliferation of cells and tumour growth. It is also known that some drugs act directly in the inhibition of NF-kappaB, thus producing regulation of apoptosis; some examples are aspirin and corticosteroids. Here we review the role of NF-kappaB in the control of apoptosis, its link to oncogenesis, the evidence of several studies that show that NF-kappaB activation is closely related to different cancers, and finally the potential target of NF-kappaB as cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R O Escárcega
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, CMN Manuel Avila Camacho, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
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Doger FK, Meteoglu I, Ozkara E, Erkul ZK, Okyay P, Yükselen V. Expression of NF-kappaB in Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:2306-9. [PMID: 17103034 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 03/25/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori colonizes the gastric mucosa in humans and causes chronic gastritis. NF-kappaB has a key role as a mediator in mucosal inflammation. In this study, we examined the expression of NF-kappaB in the antral epithelial cells of H. pylori-infected and H. pylori-uninfected biopsies and examined these processes in relationship with grade and activity of gastritis, density of H. pylori, presence of the intestinal metaplasia, and atrophy. Fifty biopsies (35 H. pylori-positive patients and 15 H. pylori-negative controls) were studied. NF-kappaB immunohistochemical stain was performed. NF-kappaB activity in H. pylori-infected biopsies were markedly enhanced compared with uninflamed biopsies (P = 0.001). We also found positive correlation NF-kappaB expression with severity of gastritis (according to Sydney score) (P = 0.001), activity of gastritis (P = 0.046) and H. pylori load (P < 0.001), and atrophy (P = 0.004). We did not find a significant relationship between NF-kappaB and the presence of intestinal metaplasia (P = 0.355). These findings suggested that expression of NF-kappaB has an important role in H. pylori gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furuzan Kacar Doger
- Department of Pathology, Adnan Menderes Universty School of Medicine, Aydin, Turkey.
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Bleuming SA, Kodach LL, Garcia Leon MJ, Richel DJ, Peppelenbosch MP, Reitsma PH, Hardwick JC, van den Brink GR. Altered bone morphogenetic protein signalling in the Helicobacter pylori-infected stomach. J Pathol 2006; 209:190-7. [PMID: 16550632 DOI: 10.1002/path.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Morphogens regulate epithelial cell fate decisions in the adult gastrointestinal tract. The authors hypothesized that influx of inflammatory cells into the lamina propria may disturb the normal expression gradients of morphogens (morphogenetic landscape) in gastrointestinal epithelia. Changes in the activity of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway in normal and Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucosa were therefore examined. It is shown that BMP receptors, the activated (phosphorylated) form of the intracellular BMP signal transduction protein SMAD1, and BMP target ID2 all localize to gastric epithelial cells that are at the end of the axis of epithelial renewal in normal mucosa. Colonization of human gastric mucosa with H. pylori was associated with an increase in BMP2 expression due to influx of inflammatory cells that produce BMP2. Furthermore, whereas no BMP4 was detected in the normal antrum, focal infiltrates of BMP4-expressing cells were found in the H. pylori-infected stomach. This influx of BMP-expressing cells was associated with an increase in epithelial BMP signalling. Interestingly, a shift in activity of the BMP pathway was observed towards the precursor cell compartment (isthmus) of the gastric units. Thus, H. pylori infection results in an influx of inflammatory cells that disturb the normal activity gradient of a morphogenetic pathway with an established role in epithelial cell fate regulation. The data suggest that morphological changes in epithelial histology may result from alterations in the morphogenetic landscape secondary to changes in the cellular composition of the lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Bleuming
- Department of Experimental Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
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Ernst PB, Peura DA, Crowe SE. The translation of Helicobacter pylori basic research to patient care. Gastroenterology 2006; 130:188-206; quiz 212-3. [PMID: 16401482 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2005.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In 1984, Barry Marshall and Robin Warren proposed a role for bacterial infections in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal disease, which triggered an avalanche of research intended to prove or disprove their theory. The result has been a series of advances that have enhanced our understanding of these diseases and completely modernized the clinical approach to their management. In just over 20 years, many aspects of the immunopathogenesis of these diseases have been dissected at the molecular level, with key pathogenic mechanisms being validated by the identification of genes that are associated with the development of gastric cancer. There has been particular emphasis on understanding the molecular structures associated with Helicobacter pylori and their role in modifying the host responses. Gastric immune and inflammatory responses have emerged as key elements in the pathogenesis of gastritis and epithelial cell damage. This review summarizes important findings emanating from basic research primarily related to the immunopathogenesis of H pylori that have advanced the practice of medicine or our understanding of gastroduodenal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Ernst
- Digestive Health Center of Excellence, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908-0708, USA.
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Kim SG, Kim JS, Kim JM, Chae Jung H, Sung Song I. Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine expression by NF-kappaB (p65) antisense oligonucleotide in Helicobacter pylori-infected mice. Helicobacter 2005; 10:559-66. [PMID: 16302981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2005.00365.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori induces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro by activating nuclear factor-kappaB, a transcriptional regulator. However, it has not been clarified whether H. pylori-induced proinflammatory cytokines are also mediated through nuclear factor-kappaB in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of nuclear factor-kappaB on the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines in H. pylori-infected mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We evaluated nuclear factor-kappaB (p65) activation in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa of mice by immunofluorescent staining using antip65 polyclonal antibody, and the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines with inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB pathway by using phosphorothioate antisense and sense oligonucleotide against the nuclear factor-kappaB (p65). RESULTS In the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa of mice, immunofluorescent staining using antip65 polyclonal antibody showed nuclear factor-kappaB (p65) activation, which was particularly localized to epithelial cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta concentrations in gastric mucosa by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were elevated in the infected group versus the uninfected group. Pretreatment with nuclear factor-kappaB (p65) antisense oligonucleotide inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Sense oligonucleotide did not influence on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori infection was found to activate the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines via nuclear factor-kappaB in vivo, and this may play an important role in the initiation of H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, Korea
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Sakai H, Jinawath A, Yamaoka S, Yuasa Y. Upregulation of MUC6 mucin gene expression by NFkappaB and Sp factors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 333:1254-60. [PMID: 15979574 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the mechanism underlying regulation of MUC6 expression, we isolated the 5' flanking region of the MUC6 gene (5'-MUC6). We determined the transcription start site of the MUC6 gene, and found a TATA box at -35 to -29bp, a putative NFkappaB consensus sequence at -173 to -164bp, and putative Sp family binding sites at -530 to -521 and -847 to -838bp. The luciferase activity of 5'-MUC6 gradually decreased with deletion of these sites. NFkappaB inhibitory factor IkappaB decreased the luciferase activity, and forced expression of NFkappaB induced MUC6 transcription. An inhibitor of Sp family binding, mithramycin A, suppressed MUC6 transcripts, and Sp1 and Sp3 overexpression up-regulated them. Binding of Sp family members to their putative sites was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Our results suggest that MUC6 transcription is regulated by NFkappaB and Sp family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Sakai
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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N/A, 李 家. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2005; 13:1864-1866. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v13.i15.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Sokic-Milutinovic A, Todorovic V, Milosavljevic T, Micev M, Drndarevic N, Mitrovic O. Gastrin and antral G cells in course of Helicobacter pylori eradication: Six months follow up study. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:4140-7. [PMID: 16015680 PMCID: PMC4615433 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i27.4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess long-term effects of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication on antral G cell morphology and function in patients with and without duodenal ulcer (DU).
METHODS: Consecutive dyspeptic patients referred to the endoscopy entered the study. Out of 39 H pylori positive patients, 8 had DU (H pylori +DU) and 31 gastritis (H pylori +G). Control groups consisted of 11 uninfected dyspeptic patients (CG1) and 7 healthy volunteers (CG2). Basal plasma gastrin (PGL), antral tissue gastrin concentrations (ATGC), immunohistochemical and electron microscopic characteristics of G cells were determined, prior to and 6 mo after therapy.
RESULTS: We demonstrated elevated PGL in infected patients compared to uninfected controls prior to therapy. Elevated PGL were registered in all H pylori+patients (H pylori +DU: 106.78 ± 22.72 pg/mL, H pylori +G: 74.95 ± 15.63, CG1: 68.59 ± 17.97, CG2: 39.24 ± 5.59 pg/mL, P < 0.01). Successful eradication (e) therapy in H pylori+patients lead to significant decrease in PGL (H pylori+DU: 59.93 ± 9.40 and H pylori +Ge: 42.36 ± 10.28 pg/mL, P < 0.001). ATGC at the beginning of the study were similar in infected and uninfected patients and eradication therapy lead to significant decrease in ATGC in H pylori +gastritis, but not in DU patients. In the H pylori +DU patients, the mean number of antral G cells was significantly lower in comparison with all other groups (P < 0.01), but after successful eradication was close to normal values found in controls. By contrast, G cell number and volume density were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in H pylori +Ge group after successful eradication therapy (294 ± 32 and 0.31 ± 0.02, respectively), in comparison to values before eradication (416 ± 40 and 0.48 ± 0.09). No significant change of the G cell/total endocrine cell ratio was observed during the 6 mo of follow up in any of the groups. A reversible increase in G cell secretory function was seen in all infected individuals, demonstrated by a more prominent secretory apparatus. However, differences between DU and gastritis group were identified.
CONCLUSION: H pylori infection induces antral G cell hyperfunction resulting in increased gastrin synthesis and secretion. After eradication therapy complete morphological and functional recovery is observed in patients with gastritis. In the DU patients some other factors unrelated to the H pylori infection influence antral G cell morphology and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Sokic-Milutinovic
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute for Digestive Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade 11000, Serbia and Montenegro.
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Van De Bovenkamp JHB, Korteland-Van Male AM, Büller HA, Einerhand AWC, Dekker J. Infection with Helicobacter pylori affects all major secretory cell populations in the human antrum. Dig Dis Sci 2005; 50:1078-86. [PMID: 15986858 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-005-2708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated how gastric H. pylori infection affects antrum secretory cell types by studying the expression of secretory proteins in antrum epithelium. Antrum biopsy specimens were prospectively collected from 102 individuals (49 H. pylori-infected). Immunohistochemistry was performed for secretory mucins (MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6), Trefoil factor family (TFF)-peptides (TFF1, TFF2), endocrine peptides (gastrin, chromogranin A), and proliferating cells (Ki-67). Protein expression was quantified morphometrically. H. pylori infection was significantly correlated to mucosal inflammation and to epithelial atrophy and proliferation. In H. pylori-infected patients the number of proliferating cells increased significantly, and the zone of proliferating cells shifted toward the surface epithelium of the antral glands. Infection was correlated with decreased MUC5AC, TFF1, and TFF2 expression and increased MUC6 and MUC5B expression. Endocrine cells expressing chromagranin A and gastrin shifted toward the surface epithelium of the antral glands in H. pylori-infected patients. H. pylori infection and concomitant inflammation induced increased epithelial proliferation and triggered coordinate deregulation of secretory cell populations in the antrum. In particular, infection led to a coordinated increase in cells expressing MUC6 and MUC5B at the expense of MUC5AC-producing cells.
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Fichorova RN, Zhou F, Ratnam V, Atanassova V, Jiang S, Strick N, Neurath AR. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 microbicide cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate in a human in vitro model of vaginal inflammation. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49:323-35. [PMID: 15616312 PMCID: PMC538889 DOI: 10.1128/aac.49.1.323-335.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is facilitated by inflammation and related epithelial barrier perturbation. Microbicides for vaginal applications are currently being developed to reduce the risk of HIV-1 transmission. However, little is known about their interference with epithelial immune function. In recent clinical trials, nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a virucide with a long history of intravaginal use as a contraceptive, failed to protect against HIV-1 possibly due to mucosal inflammatory damage. Cellulose acetate 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, also named CAP (for "controls AIDS pandemic"), is an anti-HIV-1 microbicide selected from pharmaceutical excipients that are regarded as safe for oral administration but have not been assessed for potential effects on inflammatory factors in the vaginal environment. Here we use a sensitive human cell culture system to evaluate proinflammatory profiles of soluble CAP in reference to N-9 and known epithelial activators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and bacterial lysates. Within 6 h of exposure, TNF-alpha and N-9 triggered NF-kappaB and AP-1/cFos activation and upregulated interleukins and an array of chemokines by vaginal and polarized cervical epithelial cells. The induced proinflammatory status continued after removal of stimuli and was confirmed by enhanced transepithelial neutrophil migration. While sustaining stability and anti-HIV-1 activity in the epithelial environment, CAP did not increase the production of proinflammatory mediators during or after exposure, nor did it modify the epithelial resistance to leukocyte traffic. CAP attenuated some TNF-alpha-induced responses but did not interfere with epithelial cytokine responsiveness to gonococcal determinants. The described system may be useful for predicting proinflammatory side effects of other microbicide candidates for vaginal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Fichorova
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Ave. RF468, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Sakai N, Wada T, Furuichi K, Iwata Y, Yoshimoto K, Kitagawa K, Kokubo S, Kobayashi M, Hara A, Yamahana J, Okumura T, Takasawa K, Takeda SI, Yoshimura M, Kida H, Yokoyama H. Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 in human diabetic nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 45:54-65. [PMID: 15696444 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in human diabetic nephropathy has not been fully investigated. METHODS The presence of cells positive for the phosphorylated MAPK family (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase [p-ERK], phosphorylated p38MAPK [p-p38MAPK]) was investigated immunohistochemically in kidneys of 30 patients with diabetic nephropathy. In addition, 10 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome, 10 patients with thin basement membrane disease, and 5 patients with benign nephrosclerosis were studied as disease controls. The presence of activated nuclear factor-kappaB (p65)-positive cells also was evaluated in kidney specimens. RESULTS In patients with diabetic nephropathy, p-ERK, p-p38MAPK, and p65 were observed in mesangial cells, endothelial cells, podocytes, tubular epithelial cells, and mononuclear infiltrates in interstitium. Numbers of p-ERK-, p-p38MAPK-, and p65-positive cells in both glomeruli and interstitium in patients with diabetic nephropathy were higher than those in controls. In particular, the number of glomerular p-ERK-positive cells in patients with diabetic nephropathy increased in accordance with the progression of glomerular lesions and correlated well with the number of glomerular p65-positive cells (r = 0.654; P < 0.01; n = 30). Conversely, the number of p-p38MAPK-positive cells in glomeruli did not correlate with glomerular lesions. However, the number of tubulointerstitial p-p38MAPK-positive cells in patients with diabetic nephropathy reflected the severity of tubulointerstitial lesions, and numbers of those in the interstitium increased with good correlation to numbers of tubulointerstitial p65-positive cells (r = 0.757; P < 0.01; n = 30) and interstitial CD68-positive macrophages (r = 0.647; P < 0.05; n = 30) and urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels (r = 0.605; P < 0.05; n = 30). CONCLUSION These results suggest that MAPK phosphorylation contributes to human diabetic nephropathy. In particular, ERK and p38MAPK may be distinctly involved in glomerular and tubulointerstitial lesions in human diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihiko Sakai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Division of Blood Purification, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Abstract
The gastric hormone gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion and epithelial cell proliferation. Multiple active products are generated from the precursor, preprogastrin, including the well-characterized amidated gastrins acting at the cholecystokinin-2 (CCK-2, or gastrin-CCK(B)) receptor, and others that may be growth factors in a range of cancers. Plasma concentrations of the amidated gastrins are elevated as a consequence of gastrin-secreting tumours (gastrinomas) and in conditions in which the normal inhibition of the antral G-cell by acid is depressed, for example chronic atrophic gastritis and prolonged treatment with proton pump inhibitors. There may also be increased gastrin release in Helicobacter pylori infection. Provocative tests for the diagnosis of gastrinoma include the secretin and calcium infusion tests. Hypergastrinaemia is associated with enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell proliferation; the factors that determine progression to ECL cell dysplasia and gastric ECL cell carcinoid tumours are discussed. Several strategies for inhibiting the effects of gastrin are under evaluation, and their potential application is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Dockray
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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Basso D, Plebani M. H. pylori infection: bacterial virulence factors and cytokine gene polymorphisms as determinants of infection outcome. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2004; 41:313-37. [PMID: 15307635 DOI: 10.1080/10408360490472804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gram negative bacterium H. pylori infects the human stomach worldwide, invariably causing mucosal inflammation. In the majority of cases, H. pylori-associated gastritis remains the only clinical manifestation of the infection, which might cause, otherwise, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma. or MALToma. The balance between the bacterial virulence machinery and the host response to the infection determines the different clinical outcomes. The main bacterial virulence factors comprise adhesins (BabA, SabA), the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA, and the products of cag pathogenicity island. The pattern of cytokine production in response to the infection is one of the main host determinants involved in limiting the infection outcome to gastritis or in favoring peptic ulcer or cancer onset. The polymorphisms of some cytokine genes (IL-1beta IL-1RN, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma) have been correlated with H. pylori-associated gastric adenocarcinoma or peptic ulcer, possibly because they influence the amount of cytokine production in response to H. pylori infection. This review focuses on the role of H. pylori virulence genes and on host cytokines' genes polymorphisms in determining clinical outcome to H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Basso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Dockray G, Dimaline R, Varro A. Gastrin: old hormone, new functions. Pflugers Arch 2004; 449:344-55. [PMID: 15480747 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-004-1347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2004] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is exactly a century since the gastric hormone gastrin was first described as a blood-borne regulator of gastric acid secretion. The identities of the main active forms of the hormone (the "classical gastrins") and their cellular and molecular sites of action in regulating acid secretion have all attracted sustained attention. However, recent work on peptides derived from the gastrin precursor that do not stimulate acid secretion ("non-classical gastrins"), together with studies on mice over-expressing the gene, or in which the gastrin gene has been deleted, suggest hitherto unsuspected roles in regulating cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Moreover, microarray and proteomic studies have identified previously unsuspected target genes of the classical gastrins. Some of the newer actions have implications for our understanding of the progression to cancer in oesophagus, stomach, pancreas and colon, all of which have recently been linked in one way or another to dysfunctional signalling involving products of the gastrin gene. The present review focuses on recent progress in understanding the biology of both classical and non-classical gastrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dockray
- Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Ishihara S, Rumi MAK, Kadowaki Y, Ortega-Cava CF, Yuki T, Yoshino N, Miyaoka Y, Kazumori H, Ishimura N, Amano Y, Kinoshita Y. Essential role of MD-2 in TLR4-dependent signaling during Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:1406-16. [PMID: 15240737 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.2.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
TLR4, a member of pattern recognition receptors, is the main receptor of LPS. MD-2 physically associates with TLR4 on the cell surface and confers LPS responsiveness. Helicobacter pylori LPS is one of the major virulence factors for induction of gastritis. We demonstrated in this study the role of MD-2 in TLR4-dependent signaling in H. pylori-associated gastritis. Gastric biopsy samples collected from patients with and without H. pylori infection and four gastric cancer cell lines were used for this study. TLR-4 and MD-2 expression in biopsy specimens and the cell lines was examined by using RT-PCR. Localization of TLR-4 in histological sections was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. For in vitro functional assays, we established stable transfectants of AGS cells expressing TLR4 and MD-2. Cellular distribution of TLR4 was examined by flow cytometry. NF-kappaB activation and activation of IL-8 and MD-2 promoters were assessed by reporter gene assay. H. pylori infection up-regulated the TLR4 and MD-2 expression in gastric mucosa. TLR4 staining was observed predominantly in epithelial cells, located in both the cytoplasm and at the apical surface. MD-2 transfection in AGS cells markedly increased cell surface expression of TLR4 and augmented the activation of NF-kappaB and IL-8 promoter upon stimulation with H. pylori LPS. Live H. pylori also stimulated transcriptional activation of MD-2. This study revealed that MD-2 expression is elevated in gastric epithelial cells during H. pylori infection, suggesting that the TLR4/MD-2 system is a potent receptor complex involved in the response to H. pylori LPS in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Ishihara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shimane University, School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan.
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Stephen RL, Crabtree JE, Yoshimura T, Clayton CL, Dixon MF, Robinson PA. Increased zinc finger protein zFOC1 transcripts in gastric cancer compared with normal gastric tissue. Mol Pathol 2003; 56:167-71. [PMID: 12782764 PMCID: PMC1187313 DOI: 10.1136/mp.56.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening of cDNA arrays of the IMAGE library identified human zFOC1 as a differentially expressed cDNA that was upregulated in KATO III gastric cancer cells following stimulation with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. AIMS To determine the expression of zFOC1 in gastric mucosa with and without H pylori infection and in patients with gastric cancer. RESULTS zFOC1 is localised on chromosome 12q24.3 and encodes a zinc finger protein. Expression studies in human H pylori infected and uninfected gastric biopsies, gastric tumours, and gastric cancer cell lines revealed that zFOCI gene transcripts are significantly higher in gastric cancer than in non-cancerous gastric tissues. CONCLUSIONS The zFOC1 gene appears to be a tumour marker associated with gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Stephen
- Molecular Medicine Unit, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, West Yorkshire, UK
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