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Valibouze C, Dubuquoy C, Chavatte P, Genin M, Maquet V, Modica S, Desreumaux P, Rousseaux C. Chitin-glucan improves important pathophysiological features of irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:2258-2271. [PMID: 38690023 PMCID: PMC11056916 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i16.2258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most frequent and debilitating conditions leading to gastroenterological referrals. However, recommended treatments remain limited, yielding only limited therapeutic gains. Chitin-glucan (CG) is a novel dietary prebiotic classically used in humans at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d and is considered a safe food ingredient by the European Food Safety Authority. To provide an alternative approach to managing patients with IBS, we performed preclinical molecular, cellular, and animal studies to evaluate the role of chitin-glucan in the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in IBS. AIM To evaluate the roles of CG in visceral analgesia, intestinal inflammation, barrier function, and to develop computational molecular models. METHODS Visceral pain was recorded through colorectal distension (CRD) in a model of long-lasting colon hypersensitivity induced by an intra-rectal administration of TNBS [15 milligrams (mg)/kilogram (kg)] in 33 Sprague-Dawley rats. Intracolonic pressure was regularly assessed during the 9 wk-experiment (weeks 0, 3, 5, and 7) in animals receiving CG (n = 14) at a human equivalent dose (HED) of 1.5 g/d or 3.0 g/d and compared to negative control (tap water, n = 11) and positive control (phloroglucinol at 1.5 g/d HED, n = 8) groups. The anti-inflammatory effect of CG was evaluated using clinical and histological scores in 30 C57bl6 male mice with colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) administered in their drinking water during 14 d. HT-29 cells under basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were treated with CG to evaluate changes in pathways related to analgesia (µ-opioid receptor (MOR), cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, inflammation [interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1b, and IL-8] and barrier function [mucin 2-5AC, claudin-2, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, ZO-2] using the real-time PCR method. Molecular modelling of CG, LPS, lipoteichoic acid (LTA), and phospholipomannan (PLM) was developed, and the ability of CG to chelate microbial pathogenic lipids was evaluated by docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Data were expressed as the mean ± SEM. RESULTS Daily CG orally-administered to rats or mice was well tolerated without including diarrhea, visceral hypersensitivity, or inflammation, as evaluated at histological and molecular levels. In a model of CRD, CG at a dosage of 3 g/d HED significantly decreased visceral pain perception by 14% after 2 wk of administration (P < 0.01) and reduced inflammation intensity by 50%, resulting in complete regeneration of the colonic mucosa in mice with DSS-induced colitis. To better reproduce the characteristics of visceral pain in patients with IBS, we then measured the therapeutic impact of CG in rats with TNBS-induced inflammation to long-lasting visceral hypersensitivity. CG at a dosage of 1.5 g/d HED decreased visceral pain perception by 20% five weeks after colitis induction (P < 0.01). When the CG dosage was increased to 3.0 g/d HED, this analgesic effect surpassed that of the spasmolytic agent phloroglucinol, manifesting more rapidly within 3 wk and leading to a 50% inhibition of pain perception (P < 0.0001). The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to these analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of CG involved, at least in part, a significant induction of MOR, CB2 receptor, and IL-10, as well as a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1b and IL-8. CG also significantly upregulated barrier-related genes including muc5AC, claudin-2, and ZO-2. Molecular modelling of CG revealed a new property of the molecule as a chelator of microbial pathogenic lipids, sequestering gram-negative LPS and gram-positive LTA bacterial toxins, as well as PLM in fungi at the lowesr energy conformations. CONCLUSION CG decreased visceral perception and intestinal inflammation through master gene regulation and direct binding of microbial products, suggesting that CG may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for patients with IBS or IBS-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Valibouze
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Lille University, Lille 59037, France
| | - Caroline Dubuquoy
- Intestinal Biotech Development, Faculté de Médicine, Lille 59045, France
| | - Philippe Chavatte
- U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Université de Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Michaël Genin
- ULR 2694-METRICS, Évaluation des Technologies de santé et des Pratiques Médicales, University of Lille, Lille 59000, France
| | - Veronique Maquet
- KitoZyme SA, Institution Société Anonyme, Zone 2, Parc des Hauts Sarts, Rue de Milmort, Herstal 4040, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Modica
- KitoZyme SA, Institution Société Anonyme, Zone 2, Parc des Hauts Sarts, Rue de Milmort, Herstal 4040, Belgium
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Lille University Hospital, Lille 59037, France
| | - Christel Rousseaux
- Intestinal Biotech Development, Faculté de Médicine, Lille 59045, France
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Blondeaux A, Valibouze C, Speca S, Rousseaux C, Dubuquoy C, Blanquart H, Zerbib P, Desreumaux P, Foligné B, Titécat M. Changes in HLA-B27 Transgenic Rat Fecal Microbiota Following Tofacitinib Treatment and Ileocecal Resection Surgery: Implications for Crohn's Disease Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2164. [PMID: 38396840 PMCID: PMC10889215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic management of Crohn's disease (CD), a chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is highly challenging. Surgical resection is sometimes a necessary procedure even though it is often associated with postoperative recurrences (PORs). Tofacitinib, an orally active small molecule Janus kinase inhibitor, is an anti-inflammatory drug meant to limit PORs in CD. Whereas bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the relevant IBD drug are crucial, little is known about the impact of tofacitinib on the gut microbiota. The HLA-B27 transgenic rat is a good preclinical model used in IBD research, including for PORs after ileocecal resection (ICR). In the present study, we used shotgun metagenomics to first delineate the baseline composition and determinants of the fecal microbiome of HLA-B27 rats and then to evaluate the distinct impact of either tofacitinib treatment, ileocecal resection or the cumulative effect of both interventions on the gut microbiota in these HLA-B27 rats. The results confirmed that the microbiome of the HLA-B27 rats was fairly different from their wild-type littermates. We demonstrated here that oral treatment with tofacitinib does not affect the gut microbial composition of HLA-B27 rats. Of note, we showed that ICR induced an intense loss of bacterial diversity together with dramatic changes in taxa relative abundances. However, the oral treatment with tofacitinib neither modified the alpha-diversity nor exacerbated significant modifications in bacterial taxa induced by ICR. Collectively, these preclinical data are rather favorable for the use of tofacitinib in combination with ICR to address Crohn's disease management when considering microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Blondeaux
- U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.V.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (P.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Lille University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Caroline Valibouze
- U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.V.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (P.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Lille University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Silvia Speca
- U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.V.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (P.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Christel Rousseaux
- Intestinal Biotech Development, 1 Avenue Oscar Lambret, 59045 Lille, France; (C.R.); (C.D.)
| | - Caroline Dubuquoy
- Intestinal Biotech Development, 1 Avenue Oscar Lambret, 59045 Lille, France; (C.R.); (C.D.)
| | | | - Philippe Zerbib
- U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.V.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (P.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Lille University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.V.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (P.D.); (M.T.)
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Lille University Hospital, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Benoît Foligné
- U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.V.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (P.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Marie Titécat
- U1286—INFINITE—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, CHU Lille, Inserm, Univ. Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; (A.B.); (C.V.); (S.S.); (P.Z.); (P.D.); (M.T.)
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Meunier M, Spillmann A, Rousseaux C, Schwamborn K, Hanson M. An oral cholera vaccine in the prevention and/or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283489. [PMID: 37639428 PMCID: PMC10461820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral cholera vaccine WC-rBS consists of 4 different inactivated strains of Vibrio cholerae (LPS source) admixed with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit. Because of its unique composition and anti-inflammatory properties reported for both CTB and low doses of LPS from other Gram-negative bacteria, we speculated that WC-rBS might have anti-inflammatory potential in a chronic autoimmune disease such as inflammatory bowel diseases. First in vitro endotoxin tolerance experiments showed the surprising WC-rBS potential in the modulation of inflammatory responses on both PBMCs and THP1 cells. WC-rBS was further evaluated in the Dextran Sodium Sulfate colitis mouse model. Administrated orally at different dosages, WC-rBS vaccine was safe and showed immunomodulatory properties when administered in a preventive mode (before and during the induction of DSS colitis) as well as in a curative mode (after colitis induction); with improvement of disease activity index (from 27 to 73%) and histological score (from 65 to 88%). Interestingly, the highest therapeutic effect of WC-rBS vaccine was observed with the lowest dosage, showing even better anti-inflammatory properties than mesalamine; an approved 5-aminosalicylic acid drug for treating IBD patients. In summary, this is the first time that a prophylactic medicine, safe and approved for prevention of an infectious disease, showed a benefit in an inflammatory bowel disease model, potentially offering a novel therapeutic modality for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christel Rousseaux
- Intestinal Biotech Development, Faculté de Médicine—Pole Recherche, Lille, France
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4
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Titécat M, Rousseaux C, Dubuquoy C, Foligné B, Rahmouni O, Mahieux S, Desreumaux P, Woolston J, Sulakvelidze A, Wannerberger K, Neut C. Safety and Efficacy of an AIEC-targeted Bacteriophage Cocktail in a Mice Colitis Model. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1617-1627. [PMID: 35997152 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adherent invasive Escherichia coli [AIEC] are recovered with a high frequency from the gut mucosa of Crohn's disease patients and are believed to contribute to the dysbiosis and pathogenesis of this inflammatory bowel disease. In this context, bacteriophage therapy has been proposed for specifically targeting AIEC in the human gut with no deleterious impact on the commensal microbiota. METHODS The in vitro efficacy and specificity of a seven lytic phage cocktail [EcoActive™] was assessed against [i] 210 clinical AIEC strains, and [ii] 43 non-E. coli strains belonging to the top 12 most common bacterial genera typically associated with a healthy human microbiome. These data were supported by in vivo safety and efficacy assays conducted on healthy and AIEC-colonized mice, respectively. RESULTS The EcoActive cocktail was effective in vitro against 95% of the AIEC strains and did not lyse any of the 43 non-E. coli commensal strains, in contrast to conventional antibiotics. Long-term administration of the EcoActive cocktail to healthy mice was safe and did not induce dysbiosis according to metagenomic data. Using a murine model of induced colitis of animals infected with the AIEC strain LF82, we found that a single administration of the cocktail failed to alleviate inflammatory symptoms, while mice receiving the cocktail twice a day for 15 days were protected from clinical and microscopical manifestations of inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data support the approach of AIEC-targeted phage therapy as safe and effective treatment for reducing AIEC levels in the gut of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Titécat
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Benoît Foligné
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Oumaïra Rahmouni
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Séverine Mahieux
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France.,Intestinal Biotech Development, 59045 Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Christel Neut
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
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5
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Speca S, Dubuquoy C, Rousseaux C, Chavatte P, Desreumaux P, Spagnolo P. GED-0507 attenuates lung fibrosis by counteracting myofibroblast transdifferentiation in vivo and in vitro. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257281. [PMID: 34529707 PMCID: PMC8445472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of more effective, better tolerated drug treatments for progressive pulmonary fibrosis (of which idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common and severe form) is a research priority. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) is a key regulator of inflammation and fibrosis and therefore represents a potential therapeutic target. However, the use of synthetic PPAR-γ agonists may be limited by their potentially severe adverse effects. In a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis, we have demonstrated that the non-racemic selective PPAR-γ modulator GED-0507 is able to reduce body weight loss, ameliorate clinical and histological features of pulmonary fibrosis, and increase survival rate without any safety concerns. Here, we focused on the biomolecular effects of GED-0507 on various inflammatory/fibrotic pathways. We demonstrated that preventive and therapeutic administration of GED-0507 reduced the BLM-induced mRNA expression of several markers of fibrosis, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen and fibronectin as well as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and expression of mucin 5B. The beneficial effect of GED-0507 on pulmonary fibrosis was confirmed in vitro by its ability to control TGFβ-induced myofibroblast activation in the A549 human alveolar epithelial cell line, the MRC-5 lung fibroblast line, and primary human lung fibroblasts. Compared with the US Food and Drug Administration-approved antifibrotic drugs pirfenidone and nintedanib, GED-0507 displayed greater antifibrotic activity by controlling alveolar epithelial cell dysfunction, EMT, and extracellular matrix remodeling. In conclusion, GED-0507 demonstrated potent antifibrotic properties and might be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Speca
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, U1286 –Infinite–Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- * E-mail: (PS); (SS)
| | | | | | - Philippe Chavatte
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, U1286 –Infinite–Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, U1286 –Infinite–Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
- Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail: (PS); (SS)
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Koester P, Baffigi F, Cristoforetti G, Labate L, Gizzi LA, Baton S, Koenig M, Colaïtis A, Batani D, Casner A, Raffestin D, Tentori A, Trela J, Rousseaux C, Boutoux G, Brygoo S, Jacquet L, Reverdin C, Le Bel E, Le-Deroff L, Theobald W, Shigemori K. Bremsstrahlung cannon design for shock ignition relevant regime. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:013501. [PMID: 33514221 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the optimization of a BremsStrahlung Cannon (BSC) design for the investigation of laser-driven fast electron populations in a shock ignition relevant experimental campaign at the Laser Megajoule-PETawatt Aquitaine Laser facility. In this regime with laser intensities of 1015 W/cm2-1016 W/cm2, fast electrons with energies ≤100 keV are expected to be generated through Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) and Two Plasmon Decay (TPD) instabilities. The main purpose of the BSC in our experiment is to identify the contribution to x-ray emission from bremsstrahlung of fast electrons originating from SRS and TPD, with expected temperatures of 40 keV and 95 keV, respectively. Data analysis and reconstruction of the distributions of x-ray photons incident on the BSC are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Koester
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - F Baffigi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Cristoforetti
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Labate
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - L A Gizzi
- Intense Laser Irradiation Laboratory, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - S Baton
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, LULI, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - M Koenig
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, LULI, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique-CEA-Sorbonne Universités, UMR 7605, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - A Colaïtis
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Batani
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Casner
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - D Raffestin
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - A Tentori
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - J Trela
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, CELIA, Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - C Rousseaux
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - G Boutoux
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S Brygoo
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - L Jacquet
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - C Reverdin
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Île-de-France, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - E Le Bel
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Centre d'études Scientifiques et Techniques d'Aquitaine, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - L Le-Deroff
- Commissariat á l'energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CEA, Direction des Applications Militaires, DAM, Centre d'études Scientifiques et Techniques d'Aquitaine, CESTA, F-33114 Le Barp, France
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Shigemori
- Institute of Laser Engineering, University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Speca S, Dubuquoy C, Rousseaux C, Chavatte P, Desreumaux P, Spagnolo P. GED-0507 is a novel potential antifibrotic treatment option for pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:1272-1274. [PMID: 32203183 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0394-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Speca
- The University of Lille, INSERM, U1286 - Infinite - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Chavatte
- The University of Lille, INSERM, U1286 - Infinite - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- The University of Lille, INSERM, U1286 - Infinite - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Hepato-Gastroenterology Department, Lille, France
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Respiratory Disease Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Sarazin A, Dendooven A, Delbeke M, Gatault S, Pagny A, Standaert A, Rousseaux C, Desreumaux P, Dubuquoy L, Capron M. Treatment with P28GST, a schistosome-derived enzyme, after acute colitis induction in mice: Decrease of intestinal inflammation associated with a down regulation of Th1/Th17 responses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209681. [PMID: 30592734 PMCID: PMC6310452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background P28GST, a 28Kd glutathione S-transferase enzymatic protein derived from a schistosome helminth prevents experimental colitis when administered subcutaneously in the presence of adjuvant by decreasing pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 response. Given the antioxidant properties of P28GST, we evaluated its anti-inflammatory potential when administered locally after colitis induction in the absence of adjuvant. Methods Colitis was induced in BALB/c mice by rectal administration of TNBS, followed by two intraperitoneal injections of P28GST at day 1 and day 2. Mice were sacrificed 48h after TNBS administration and evaluated for macroscopic and histological scores, myeloperoxidase (MPO) quantification and cytokine messenger RNA expression in the colonic tissues. Results Both clinical and histological scores significantly decreased in mice treated with P28GST at 5 or 50μg/kg when compared to vehicle- treated mice. A significant reduction of MPO was detected in colonic tissues from P28GST–treated mice, similarly to mice treated with methylprednisolone as the reference treatment. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6, mRNA as well as serum levels were down-regulated in mice colonic tissues treated with P28GST at 5 or 50μg/kg. In addition, a significant decrease of mRNA expression levels of T-bet, and ROR-γ, respective markers of Th1 and Th17 cells was observed. Whereas no significant effect was detected on Gata3 mRNA, a marker of Th2 cells, the Arg/iNOS mRNA levels significantly increased in P28GST-treated mice, suggesting the induction of M2 macrophages. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that P28GST injected locally after colitis induction induces a potent decrease of colitis inflammation in mice, associated to downregulation of Th1/Th17 response, and induction of anti-inflammatory alternatively activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Sarazin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Arnaud Dendooven
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Marie Delbeke
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Solène Gatault
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Aurélien Pagny
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Annie Standaert
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | | | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
| | - Monique Capron
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U995 – LIRIC – Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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9
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Fumery M, Speca S, Langlois A, Davila AM, Dubuquoy C, Grauso M, Martin Mena A, Figeac M, Metzger D, Rousseaux C, Colombel JF, Dubuquoy L, Desreumaux P, Bertin B. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) regulates lactase expression and activity in the gut. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 9:1471-1481. [PMID: 28947679 PMCID: PMC5666307 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201707795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactase (LCT) deficiency affects approximately 75% of the world's adult population and may lead to lactose malabsorption and intolerance. Currently, the regulation of LCT gene expression remains poorly known. Peroxisome proliferator activator receptorγ (PPARγ) is a key player in carbohydrate metabolism. While the intestine is essential for carbohydrate digestion and absorption, the role of PPARγ in enterocyte metabolic functions has been poorly investigated. This study aims at characterizing PPARγ target genes involved in intestinal metabolic functions. In microarray analysis, the LCT gene was the most upregulated by PPARγ agonists in Caco-2 cells. We confirmed that PPARγ agonists were able to increase the expression and activity of LCT both in vitro and in vivo in the proximal small bowel of rodents. The functional response element activated by PPARγ was identified in the promoter of the human LCT gene. PPARγ modulation was able to improve symptoms induced by lactose-enriched diet in weaned rats. Our results demonstrate that PPARγ regulates LCT expression, and suggest that modulating intestinal PPARγ activity might constitute a new therapeutic strategy for lactose malabsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathurin Fumery
- U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, U995, Lille, France.,Service d'Hépatogastroentérologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Silvia Speca
- U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, U995, Lille, France
| | - Audrey Langlois
- U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, U995, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Marie Davila
- UMR0914, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | | | - Marta Grauso
- UMR0914, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Martin Mena
- U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, U995, Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- Functional and Structural Genomic Platform, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Daniel Metzger
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire CNRS, UMR7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg Collège de France, Paris, France
| | | | - Jean-Frederic Colombel
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, U995, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Inserm, U995, Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Bertin
- U995-LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Center, Univ. Lille, Lille, France .,Inserm, U995, Lille, France
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10
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Courthion H, Mugnier T, Rousseaux C, Möller M, Gurny R, Gabriel D. Self-assembling polymeric nanocarriers to target inflammatory lesions in ulcerative colitis. J Control Release 2017; 275:32-39. [PMID: 28774843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a self-assembling polymeric nanocarrier to deliver the potent immunosuppressive drug Cyclosporine A (CsA) to inflammatory lesions in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Our nanocarrier has a high drug loading capacity and efficiently targets its CsA payload to the diseased tissue after local administration. Tissue drug levels were several orders of magnitude higher in animals suffering from a trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS) - induced colitis, compared to healthy control animals; no drug was detectable in the plasma, underlining the localized delivery strategy. An efficient reduction in inflammation score was obtained with a CsA dose of 1mg/mL. Therapeutic efficacy was comparable to 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), the positive control treatment in the TNBS-induced colitis model. Repetitive treatment of healthy animals with CsA nanocarriers for seven days was well tolerated with no alterations in colon histology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christel Rousseaux
- Intestinal Biotech Development, Faculté de Médicine - Pole Recherche Amphi JK, Bd du Pr Jules Leclercq, 59045 Lille, France.
| | - Michael Möller
- Apidel SA, 29 Quai du Mont Blanc, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robert Gurny
- Apidel SA, 29 Quai du Mont Blanc, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Doris Gabriel
- Apidel SA, 29 Quai du Mont Blanc, 1201 Geneva, Switzerland.
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11
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Antonelli L, Atzeni S, Schiavi A, Baton SD, Brambrink E, Koenig M, Rousseaux C, Richetta M, Batani D, Forestier-Colleoni P, Le Bel E, Maheut Y, Nguyen-Bui T, Ribeyre X, Trela J. Laser-driven shock waves studied by x-ray radiography. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:063205. [PMID: 28709273 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.063205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Multimegabar laser-driven shock waves are unique tools for studying matter under extreme conditions. Accurate characterization of shocked matter is for instance necessary for measurements of equation of state data or opacities. This paper reports experiments performed at the LULI facility on the diagnosis of shock waves, using x-ray-absorption radiography. Radiographs are analyzed using standard Abel inversion. In addition, synthetic radiographs, which also take into account the finite size of the x-ray source, are generated using density maps produced by hydrodynamic simulations. Reported data refer to both plane cylindrical targets and hemispherical targets. Evolution and deformation of the shock front could be followed using hydrodynamic simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Antonelli
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - S Atzeni
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - A Schiavi
- Dipartimento SBAI, Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Antonio Scarpa 14, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - S D Baton
- Laboratoire LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - E Brambrink
- Laboratoire LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - M Koenig
- Laboratoire LULI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | | | - M Richetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata," Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - D Batani
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | | | - E Le Bel
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Y Maheut
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - T Nguyen-Bui
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - X Ribeyre
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
| | - J Trela
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, CEA, CELIA, UMR 5107, 33405 Talence, France
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12
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Rousseaux C, Glize K, Baton SD, Lancia L, Bénisti D, Gremillet L. Experimental Evidence of Backward Raman Scattering Driven Cooperatively by Two Picosecond Laser Pulses Propagating Side by Side. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:015002. [PMID: 27419574 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.015002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This Letter investigates experimentally the backward stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of two copropagating, 1-μm wavelength, 1.5-ps duration laser pulses focused side by side, but not simultaneously, in a preformed underdense plasma. When the two lasers do not interact, one of the pulses (so-called strong) yields a large SRS reflectivity, while the other weak pulse is essentially ineffective as regards SRS. By contrast, the weak pulse shows significant SRS activity if it is launched in the plasma slightly after the strong one, and for time delays as large as about 15 ps. For crossed polarizations and a lateral distance of 80-90 μm, the time delay has to be larger than 3-4 ps for the weak pulse to be active, while it has just to be positive when the polarizations are parallel. The experimental results are discussed with the help of large-scale particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K Glize
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - S D Baton
- LULI-CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - L Lancia
- Dipartimento SBAI, Universitá di Roma "La Sapienza," Via Scarpa 14-16, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - D Bénisti
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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13
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Rousseaux C, Baton SD, Bénisti D, Gremillet L, Loupias B, Philippe F, Tassin V, Amiranoff F, Kline JL, Montgomery DS, Afeyan BB. Publisher's Note: Experimental investigation of stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering instabilities driven by two successive collinear picosecond laser pulses [Phys. Rev. E 93, 043209 (2016)]. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:059905. [PMID: 27301014 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.059905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.93.043209.
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14
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Rousseaux C, Baton SD, Bénisti D, Gremillet L, Loupias B, Philippe F, Tassin V, Amiranoff F, Kline JL, Montgomery DS, Afeyan BB. Experimental investigation of stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering instabilities driven by two successive collinear picosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:043209. [PMID: 27176420 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.043209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Backward stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering (SRS and SBS) are experimentally investigated by using two successive 1-μm, 1.5-ps FWHM laser pulses. The collinear pulses, separated by 3 or 6 ps and of moderate laser intensities (∼2×10^{16}Wcm^{-2}), are fired into a preionized He plasma of density ∼2.5-6×10^{19}cm^{-3}. The electron plasma waves and ion acoustic waves, respectively driven by SRS and SBS, are analyzed through space- and time-resolved Thomson scattering. Depending on the laser and plasma parameters, we observe the effect of the first pulse on the time-resolved SRS and SBS signals of the second pulse. The measurements are found to qualitatively agree with the results of a large-scale particle-in-cell simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S D Baton
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - D Bénisti
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - B Loupias
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | - V Tassin
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - F Amiranoff
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Universités, F-91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - J L Kline
- P-24, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D S Montgomery
- P-24, Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B B Afeyan
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Court, Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
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15
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Rosch R, Trosseille C, Caillaud T, Allouche V, Bourgade JL, Briat M, Brunel P, Burillo M, Casner A, Depierreux S, Gontier D, Jadaud JP, Le Breton JP, Llavador P, Loupias B, Miquel JL, Oudot G, Perez S, Raimbourg J, Rousseau A, Rousseaux C, Rubbelynck C, Stemmler P, Troussel P, Ulmer JL, Wrobel R, Beauvais P, Pallet M, Prevot V. First set of gated x-ray imaging diagnostics for the Laser Megajoule facility. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:033706. [PMID: 27036783 DOI: 10.1063/1.4942930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Laser Megajoule (LMJ) facility located at CEA/CESTA started to operate in the early 2014 with two quadruplets (20 kJ at 351 nm) focused on target for the first experimental campaign. We present here the first set of gated x-ray imaging (GXI) diagnostics implemented on LMJ since mid-2014. This set consists of two imaging diagnostics with spatial, temporal, and broadband spectral resolution. These diagnostics will give basic measurements, during the entire life of the facility, such as position, structure, and balance of beams, but they will also be used to characterize gas filled target implosion symmetry and timing, to study x-ray radiography and hydrodynamic instabilities. The design requires a vulnerability approach, because components will operate in a harsh environment induced by neutron fluxes, gamma rays, debris, and shrapnel. Grazing incidence x-ray microscopes are fielded as far as possible away from the target to minimize potential damage and signal noise due to these sources. These imaging diagnostics incorporate microscopes with large source-to-optic distance and large size gated microchannel plate detectors. Microscopes include optics with grazing incidence mirrors, pinholes, and refractive lenses. Spatial, temporal, and spectral performances have been measured on x-ray tubes and UV lasers at CEA-DIF and at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt BESSY II synchrotron prior to be set on LMJ. GXI-1 and GXI-2 designs, metrology, and first experiments on LMJ are presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rosch
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - C Trosseille
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - T Caillaud
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - V Allouche
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - J L Bourgade
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - M Briat
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - P Brunel
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - M Burillo
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - A Casner
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - S Depierreux
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - D Gontier
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - J P Jadaud
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - J P Le Breton
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - P Llavador
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - B Loupias
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - J L Miquel
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - G Oudot
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - S Perez
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - J Raimbourg
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - A Rousseau
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - C Rousseaux
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - C Rubbelynck
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - P Stemmler
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - P Troussel
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - J L Ulmer
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - R Wrobel
- CEA-DAM Ile de France, Bruyères-le-Châtel, 91297 Arpajon Cedex, France
| | - P Beauvais
- CEA-CESTA, 15 Avenue des Sablières, 33114 Le Barp, France
| | - M Pallet
- CEA-CESTA, 15 Avenue des Sablières, 33114 Le Barp, France
| | - V Prevot
- CEA-CESTA, 15 Avenue des Sablières, 33114 Le Barp, France
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16
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Chen SN, Iwawaki T, Morita K, Antici P, Baton SD, Filippi F, Habara H, Nakatsutsumi M, Nicolaï P, Nazarov W, Rousseaux C, Starodubstev M, Tanaka KA, Fuchs J. Density and temperature characterization of long-scale length, near-critical density controlled plasma produced from ultra-low density plastic foam. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21495. [PMID: 26923471 PMCID: PMC4770428 DOI: 10.1038/srep21495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to produce long-scale length (i.e. millimeter scale-length), homogeneous plasmas is of interest in studying a wide range of fundamental plasma processes. We present here a validated experimental platform to create and diagnose uniform plasmas with a density close or above the critical density. The target consists of a polyimide tube filled with an ultra low-density plastic foam where it was heated by x-rays, produced by a long pulse laser irradiating a copper foil placed at one end of the tube. The density and temperature of the ionized foam was retrieved by using x-ray radiography and proton radiography was used to verify the uniformity of the plasma. Plasma temperatures of 5-10 eV and densities around 10(21) cm(-3) are measured. This well-characterized platform of uniform density and temperature plasma is of interest for experiments using large-scale laser platforms conducting High Energy Density Physics investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Chen
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universit´e Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites - F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France.,Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - T Iwawaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - K Morita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - P Antici
- La SAPIENZA, University of Rome, Dip. SBAI, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - S D Baton
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universit´e Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites - F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - F Filippi
- La SAPIENZA, University of Rome, Dip. SBAI, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - H Habara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - M Nakatsutsumi
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universit´e Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites - F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France.,European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (XFEL) GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Nicolaï
- Univ. Bordeaux - CEA - CNRS, CELIA, UMR 5107, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - W Nazarov
- University of St Andrews, High Energy Laser Materials Laboratory, Unit 4, NTC, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SR, UK
| | | | - M Starodubstev
- Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - K A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Japan
| | - J Fuchs
- LULI - CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA: Universit´e Paris-Saclay; UPMC Univ Paris 06: Sorbonne Universites - F-91128, Palaiseau cedex, France.,Institute of Applied Physics, 46 Ulyanov Street, 603950 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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17
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Perrais M, Rousseaux C, Ducourouble MP, Courcol R, Vincent P, Jonckheere N, Van Seuningen I. Helicobacter pylori urease and flagellin alter mucin gene expression in human gastric cancer cells. Gastric Cancer 2014; 17:235-46. [PMID: 23703470 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-013-0267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (Hp), which is one of the causative agents in human gastric adenocarcinoma, is known to interact with mucous gel and alter mucin gene expression. The aim of this work was to study, using an in vitro model of cell infection, the effects of urease, flagellin, and CagA virulence factors on the regulation of the four 11p15 mucin genes (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, and MUC6). METHODS KATO-III and AGS gastric cancer cells were infected for 1, 3 or 6 h with Hp wild-type strains (ATCC 43504, N6, and SS1) or corresponding isogenic mutants deficient for urease subunit B, flagellin subunit A, and CagA. mRNA levels of MUC2, MUC5B, MUC5AC and MUC6 were assessed by RT-PCR, and functional activity of their promoters was measured by transient transfection assays. RESULTS Infection of KATO-III cells with Hp wild-type strains resulted in an early (at 1 h) transient expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 mRNA concomitant with those of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α cytokines. In these cells, the UreB(-) isogenic mutant induced strong activation of MUC5AC expression, and UreB-responsive elements were located in the -486/-1 region of the promoter. FlaA(-) and CagA(-) mutants had no effect on mucin gene mRNA levels in KATO-III cells. In AGS cells, Hp-responsive elements were identified in all promoters, and overexpression of NF-κB induced upregulation of MUC5AC promoter activity when infected with the UreB(-) isogenic mutant. CONCLUSION These results indicate that Hp infection of gastric cancer cells alters 11p15 mucin gene transcription and that MUC5AC downregulation is mediated by urease virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Perrais
- Inserm, UMR837, JPARC, Team "Mucins, Epithelial Differentiation and Carcinogenesis", Bâtiment G. Biserte, Rue Polonovski, 59045, Lille Cedex, France
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Rousseaux C, El-Jamal N, Fumery M, Dubuquoy C, Romano O, Chatelain D, Langlois A, Bertin B, Buob D, Colombel JF, Cortot A, Desreumaux P, Dubuquoy L. The 5-aminosalicylic acid antineoplastic effect in the intestine is mediated by PPARγ. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:2580-6. [PMID: 23843037 PMCID: PMC3810841 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidences suggested that 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) therapy may prevent the development of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Our aim is to investigate whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) mediates the antineoplastic effects of 5-ASA. HT-29 and Caco-2 cells were treated by 5-ASA, rosiglitazone (PPARγ ligand) or etoposide (anticarcinogenic drug). Epithelial cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by cell count, Ki-67 staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, respectively. The antineoplastic effect of 5-ASA was evaluated in a xenograft tumor model in SCID mice and in azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in A/JOlaHsd mice. The role of PPARγ was examined by administration of PPARγ antagonist, GW9662 and in PPAR knockdown cells. Compared with untreated cells, treatment of HT-29 cells by 5-ASA inhibited significantly cell growth and cell proliferation (respectively, 60% and 63%) and induced apoptosis in 75% of cells. These effects were abolished by co-treatment with GW9662 and blunted in PPAR knockdown cells. Contrarily to etoposide, similar inhibitory effects of GW9662 were obtained in HT-29 cells treated with rosiglitazone. In the xenograft model, GW9662 abolished the therapeutic effect of 5-ASA, which decreased tumor weight and volume by 80% in SCID mice compared with untreated mice. In A/JOlaHsd mice, 5-ASA suppressed colon carcinogenesis by decreasing the number of aberrant crypt foci (75%) and aberrant crypts (22%) induced by AOM treatment with an absence of 5-ASA response after GW9662 administration. In conclusion, 5-ASA exerts potent antineoplastic effects that are mediated through PPARγ. These data provide new rational for designing more effective and safe antineoplastic PPARγ ligands with topical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Rousseaux
- Department of Project Management, Intestinal Biotech Development, 59045 Lille, France
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Baton SD, Koenig M, Brambrink E, Schlenvoigt HP, Rousseaux C, Debras G, Laffite S, Loiseau P, Philippe F, Ribeyre X, Schurtz G. Experiment in planar geometry for shock ignition studies. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:195002. [PMID: 23003050 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.195002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to launch a strong shock wave in a compressed target in the presence of large preplasma has been investigated experimentally and numerically in a planar geometry. The experiment was performed on the LULI 2000 laser facility using one laser beam to compress the target and a second to launch the strong shock simulating the intensity spike in the shock ignition scheme. Thanks to a large set of diagnostics, it has been possible to compare accurately experimental results with 2D numerical simulations. A good agreement has been observed even if a more detailed study of the laser-plasma interaction for the spike is necessary in order to confirm that this scheme is a possible alternative for inertial confinement fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Baton
- LULI, École Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, UPMC, route de Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
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Peyrin-Biroulet L, Gonzalez F, Dubuquoy L, Rousseaux C, Dubuquoy C, Decourcelle C, Saudemont A, Tachon M, Béclin E, Odou MF, Neut C, Colombel JF, Desreumaux P. Mesenteric fat as a source of C reactive protein and as a target for bacterial translocation in Crohn's disease. Gut 2012; 61:78-85. [PMID: 21940721 PMCID: PMC3230831 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mesenteric fat hyperplasia is a hallmark of Crohn's disease (CD), and C reactive protein (CRP) is correlated with disease activity. The authors investigated whether mesenteric adipocytes may be a source of CRP in CD and whether inflammatory and bacterial triggers may stimulate its production by adipocytes. DESIGN CRP expression in the mesenteric and subcutaneous fats of patients with CD and the correlation between CRP plasma concentrations and mesenteric messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were assessed. The impact of inflammatory and bacterial challenges on CRP synthesis was tested using an adipocyte cell line. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric fat was studied in experimental models of colitis and ileitis and in patients with CD. RESULTS CRP expression was increased in the mesenteric fat of patients with CD, with mRNA levels being 80 ± 40 (p<0.05) and 140 ± 65 (p=0.04) times higher than in the mesenteric fat of patients with ulcerative colitis and in the subcutaneous fat of the same CD subjects, respectively, and correlated with plasma levels. Escherichia coli (1230 ± 175-fold, p<0.01), lipopolysaccharide (26 ± 0.5-fold, p<0.01), tumour necrosis factor α (15 ± 0.3-fold, p<0.01) and interleukin-6 (10 ± 0.7-fold, p<0.05) increased CRP mRNA levels in adipocyte 3T3-L1 cells. Bacterial translocation to mesenteric fat occurred in 13% and 27% of healthy and CD subjects, respectively, and was increased in experimental colitis and ileitis. Human mesenteric adipocytes constitutively expressed mRNA for TLR2, TLR4, NOD1 and NOD2. CONCLUSION Mesenteric fat is an important source of CRP in CD. CRP production by mesenteric adipocytes may be triggered by local inflammation and bacterial translocation to mesenteric fat, providing a mechanism whereby mesenteric fat hyperplasia may contribute to inflammatory response in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Florent Gonzalez
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christel Rousseaux
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Caroline Dubuquoy
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécilia Decourcelle
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alain Saudemont
- Service de Chirurgie Adultes Ouest, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mickael Tachon
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Elodie Béclin
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Odou
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christel Neut
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France,Laboratoire de Bactériologie Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Frédéric Colombel
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pierre Desreumaux
- Universitè Lille Nord de France, Lille, France,Inserm U995, Lille, France,UDSL, Lille, France,Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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Casner A, Alozy E, Brygoo S, Casanova M, Chauvel L, Chevalier JM, Chies T, Combis P, Courchignoux R, Darbon S, Debonnel C, Depierreux S, Duval A, Esnault C, Fuchs JE, Graillot H, Henry O, Huser G, Jadaud JP, Labaune C, Geille A, Gourrierec PL, Loiseau P, Lutz O, Meyer C, Michel DT, Miquel JL, Naudy M, Nicolaï P, Raffestin D, Renaudin P, Reverdin C, Romary PH, Rousseaux C, Thiell G, Tikhonchuk V, Ulmer JL, Villette B, Videau L, Wröbel R. Update on recent results of LIL experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/3/032042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Perez F, Gremillet L, Koenig M, Baton SD, Audebert P, Chahid M, Rousseaux C, Drouin M, Lefebvre E, Vinci T, Rassuchine J, Cowan T, Gaillard SA, Flippo KA, Shepherd R. Enhanced isochoric heating from fast electrons produced by high-contrast, relativistic-intensity laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:085001. [PMID: 20366940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Thin, mass-limited targets composed of V/Cu/Al layers with diameters ranging from 50 to 300 microm have been isochorically heated by a 300 fs laser pulse delivering up to 10 J at 2x10{19} W/cm{2} irradiance. Detailed spectral analysis of the Cu x-ray emission indicates that the highest temperatures, of the order of 100 eV, have been reached when irradiating the smallest targets with a high-contrast, frequency-doubled pulse despite a reduced laser energy. Collisional particle-in-cell simulations confirm the detrimental influence of the preformed plasma on the bulk target heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Perez
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR 7605 CNRS-CEA-X-Paris VI, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France.
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Lang JP, Schoeffler M, Michel L, Melin P, Gauchet A, Rousseaux C, Cartier V, Henry C. [Management of patients with hepatitis C by French psychologists and psychiatrists: a practical investigation]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:1159-65. [PMID: 19942391 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A first part of this survey showed that up to 19% of patients with hepatitis C virus did not receive optimal treatment because of a psychiatric problem (psychiatric disorders or addictive behaviours) and that less than 50% of the managing clinicians worked with a psychiatrist or a psychologist in these cases. The aim of the second part of the survey was to describe the current practices provided by the psychiatrists and the psychologists to HCV infected patients as well as the knowledge and expectations of professionals in this area. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-seven psychiatrists and 43 psychologists who were or were not working with French reference poles for hepatitis C virus responded to a questionnaire of their practices. RESULTS Analysis of the 90 questionnaires showed that psychiatric and/or psychological care was not systematic. Psychiatrists and psychologists should be given more information and specific training about this topic. CONCLUSION Psychiatric and psychological care of chronic hepatitis C virus infected patients should be improved. French reference poles should also become "references" for psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Lang
- Centre hospitalier d'Erstein, 13 route de Kraft, Erstein, France.
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24
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Rousseaux C, Baton SD, Bénisti D, Gremillet L, Adam JC, Héron A, Strozzi DJ, Amiranoff F. Experimental evidence of predominantly transverse electron plasma waves driven by stimulated Raman scattering of picosecond laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:185003. [PMID: 19518880 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.185003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report on highly time- and space-resolved measurements of the evolution of electron plasma waves driven by stimulated Raman scattering of a picosecond, single laser speckle propagating through a preformed underdense plasma. Two-dimensional Thomson scatter spectra indicate that the dominant waves have significant transverse components. These results are supported by particle-in-cell simulations which pinpoint the dominant role of the wave front bowing and of secondary nonlinear electrostatic instabilities in the evolution of the plasma waves.
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Rousseaux C, Briki R, de Marneffe M, Vandenbossche JL, Mols P, Claessens B. [Impact of the mode of arrival in the emergency department for patients with a STEMI and the clinical outcomes in terms of ejection fraction and survival]. Rev Med Brux 2009; 30:149-157. [PMID: 19642485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Emergency Medical Services (EMSs) play a key role in the recognition and treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study evaluates patient outcome according to his mode of arrival in the care unit dealing with acute coronary syndromes. METHODS Retrospective analysis of STEMI infarctions registered by the Belgian Interdisciplinary Working Group on Acute Cardiology (BIWAC) at Saint-Pierre University Hospital, Brussels (C.H.U. Saint-Pierre), between 01/01/2005 and 31/12/2006. Comparison of two groups according to their arrival in the care system: group 1: brought in following an emergency call by mobile medical team (SMUR) or normal ambulance ; group 2: arrived at the hospital by their own means and classic admission to Emergency Service. STUDIED PARAMETERS descriptive patient characteristics, localisation of the infarction and survival to the end of hospitalization, to six months and to one year. RESULTS Among 136 patients, 56.6 % arrived by EMS and 43.4 % by their own means. Patients who arrived by EMS were older (p = 0.008) and had a higher Killip score (p < 0.05). Pain-to-Angiography and Door-to-Angiography intervals were shorter in patients who arrived by EMS (222 vs 416 mins, p < 0.0001 and 62.6 vs 147 mins, p < 0.0001, respectively). There were no differences in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and survival. However, for patients suffering an IVA attack, survival to six months and one year was better in the EMS group (88.9% vs 78.3%, p < 0.05 and 80.5 % vs 69.6 %, p = 0.05). In conclusion, dealing with STEMI infarctions is quicker by EMS admission. The infarctions admitted by this way are more serious. Wherever STEMI infarctions were localised, no improvement of LV function and survival was observed according to the mode of arrival, contrary to the subgroup with an IVA attack where survival is better at six months and one year by EMS admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rousseaux
- Service des Urgences et du SMUR, CHU Saint-Pierre, Bruxelles.
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26
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Rassuchine J, d'Humières E, Baton SD, Guillou P, Koenig M, Chahid M, Perez F, Fuchs J, Audebert P, Kodama R, Nakatsutsumi M, Ozaki N, Batani D, Morace A, Redaelli R, Gremillet L, Rousseaux C, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Santos JJ, Adams J, Korgan G, Malekos S, Hansen SB, Shepherd R, Flippo K, Gaillard S, Sentoku Y, Cowan TE. Enhanced hot-electron localization and heating in high-contrast ultraintense laser irradiation of microcone targets. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2009; 79:036408. [PMID: 19392065 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.036408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report experiments demonstrating enhanced coupling efficiencies of high-contrast laser irradiation to nanofabricated conical targets. Peak temperatures near 200 eV are observed with modest laser energy (10 J), revealing similar hot-electron localization and material heating to reduced mass targets (RMTs), despite having a significantly larger mass. Collisional particle-in-cell simulations attribute the enhancement to self-generated resistive (approximately 10 MG) magnetic fields forming within the curvature of the cone wall, which confine energetic electrons to heat a reduced volume at the tip. This represents a different electron confinement mechanism (magnetic, as opposed to electrostatic sheath confinement in RMTs) controllable by target shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rassuchine
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
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27
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Lang JP, Michel L, Melin P, Schoeffler M, Gauchet A, Rousseaux C, Cartier V, Henry C. Management of psychiatric disorders and addictive behaviors in patients with viral hepatitis C in France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 33:1-7. [PMID: 19135326 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Guidelines concerning the management of psychiatric disorders and addictive behaviors in patients with chronic hepatitis C and the conditions of collaboration between hepatogastroenterologists, infectiologists, psychiatrists and psychologists have not been published. This has a negative influence on optimal therapeutic management of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to describe the current clinical practices for ambulatory management of psychiatric disorders and addictions, and the influence of a possible psychiatric and/or psychological collaboration. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective survey was conducted among 101 clinicians treating patients with chronic hepatitis C. Data were collected from personal interviews with the managing clinicians and from the files of patients with chronic hepatitis C patients who presented psychiatric disorders. RESULTS Analysis of the 101 interviews and 598 patient files showed that 19% of patients had not received an optimal treatment for their HCV infection because of a psychiatric problem, and that less than 50% of the managing clinicians were working in collaboration with a psychiatrist or a psychologist. In conclusion, lack of collaboration between hepatogastroenterologists and psychiatrists could be deleterious for the optimal treatment of HCV infected patients. Improvement is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Lang
- Pôle de psychiatrie et d'addictologie, centre hospitalier d'Erstein, 13, route de Kraft, 67152 Erstein, France.
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Rassuchine J, d'Humières E, Baton S, Fuchs J, Guillou P, Koenig M, Kodama R, Nakatsutsumi M, Norimatsu T, Batani D, Morace A, Redaelli R, Gremillet L, Rousseaux C, Dorchies F, Fourment C, Santos JJ, Adams J, Korgan G, Malekos S, Sentoku Y, Cowan TE. Enhanced energy localization and heating in high contrast ultra-intense laser produced plasmas via novel conical micro-target design. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/112/2/022050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Rousseaux C, Desreumaux P. [The peroxisome-proliferator-activated gamma receptor and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (PPARgamma and IBD)]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 200:121-31. [PMID: 17151549 DOI: 10.1051/jbio:2006015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
PPARgamma has been recently described as being a gene of susceptibility for Intestinal Bowel Diseases (IBD) as NOD2/CARD15 gene. IBD are pathologies due to an abnormal immune response, in genetically predisposed patients, to the bacteria of the intestinal flora. PPARgamma, known for its significant role in adipogenesis, is strongly expressed by the epithelial cells of the colon mucosa. PPARgamma is implicated in the regulation of inflammation. Indeed, agonists of this nuclear receptor decrease strongly the intensity of inflammation during experimental colitis induced by chemical agents. A deficit of PPARgamma in patients with ulcerative colitis has been highlighted, that could in part explain the acute inflammation. In addition, bacteria, including those of the commensal flora, are able to regulate PPARgamma. Toll Like Receptor-4 (TLR-4), responsible for the recognition of bacterial motif as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), is implicated in PPARgamma regulation and its anti-inflammatory properties. All these arguments make of PPARgamma a very interesting therapeutic target for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Rousseaux
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales, INSERM E114, Hôpital Huriez, Service de Gastroentérologie, 1, place de Verdun, 59000 Lille
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Rousseaux C, Thuru X, Gelot A, Barnich N, Neut C, Dubuquoy L, Dubuquoy C, Merour E, Geboes K, Chamaillard M, Ouwehand A, Leyer G, Carcano D, Colombel JF, Ardid D, Desreumaux P. Lactobacillus acidophilus modulates intestinal pain and induces opioid and cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med 2006; 13:35-7. [PMID: 17159985 DOI: 10.1038/nm1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal pain is common in the general population and, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, is attributed to visceral hypersensitivity. We found that oral administration of specific Lactobacillus strains induced the expression of mu-opioid and cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells, and mediated analgesic functions in the gut-similar to the effects of morphine. These results suggest that the microbiology of the intestinal tract influences our visceral perception, and suggest new approaches for the treatment of abdominal pain and irritable bowel syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Pain/physiopathology
- Abdominal Pain/prevention & control
- Administration, Oral
- Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/microbiology
- Colon/physiopathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Indoles/administration & dosage
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Intestines/drug effects
- Intestines/microbiology
- Intestines/physiopathology
- Lactobacillus acidophilus/physiology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Morphine/administration & dosage
- Morphine/pharmacology
- Naloxone/administration & dosage
- Naloxone/pharmacology
- Narcotic Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology
- Probiotics/administration & dosage
- Probiotics/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/biosynthesis
- Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2/physiology
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Cannabinoid/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Opioid/physiology
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/physiology
- Rectum/drug effects
- Rectum/microbiology
- Rectum/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Rousseaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U795, Hôpital Swynghedauw, Rue A Verhaeghe, 59037 Lille Cedex, France
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Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma(PPARgamma) is a nuclear receptor highly expressed in the colon and playing a key role in bacterial induced inflammation. Regulation of colon inflammation by this receptor has been well demonstrated in many experimental models of colitis but also in patients with ulcerative colitis, characterised by impaired expression of PPARgamma confined to their colon epithelial cells. Recent data showing that PPARgamma was the major functional receptor mediating the common aminosalicylate activities in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have also reinforced the roles of this receptor in the control of intestinal inflammation. The aims of this review are to discuss the potential roles of PPARgamma in the physiopathology of IBD, as well as the emerging therapeutic strategies targeting this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dubuquoy
- INSERM U795 ex E114, Clinique des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition, Hôpital Swynghedauw, rue A Verhaeghe, F-59037 Lille Cedex, France
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Rousseaux C, Gremillet L, Casanova M, Loiseau P, Rabec Le Gloahec M, Baton SD, Amiranoff F, Adam JC, Héron A. Transient development of backward stimulated Raman and Brillouin scattering on a picosecond time scale measured by subpicosecond thomson diagnostic. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:015001. [PMID: 16907380 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.015001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The excitation and the relaxation of the plasma waves and ion acoustic waves (IAW), respectively, driven by stimulated Raman (SRS) and Brillouin (SBS) backscatterings have been experimentally investigated with short-pulse lasers. The spectra have been obtained with a 0.3 ps time resolution. It is shown that SRS develops before SBS and suddenly decays around the peak of the pump, as the IAW reaches saturation. On this short time scale, electron kinetic effects play a major role for SRS saturation, contrary to ion dynamics. These results are supported by particle-in-cell simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rousseaux
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Direction d'Ile de France, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
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Martinolli E, Koenig M, Baton SD, Santos JJ, Amiranoff F, Batani D, Perelli-Cippo E, Scianitti F, Gremillet L, Mélizzi R, Decoster A, Rousseaux C, Hall TA, Key MH, Snavely R, MacKinnon AJ, Freeman RR, King JA, Stephens R, Neely D, Clarke RJ. Fast-electron transport and heating of solid targets in high-intensity laser interactions measured by K alpha fluorescence. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2006; 73:046402. [PMID: 16711934 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.73.046402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We present experimental results on fast-electron energy deposition into solid targets in ultrahigh intensity laser-matter interaction. X-ray K alpha emission spectroscopy with absolute photon counting served to diagnose fast-electron propagation in multilayered targets. Target heating was measured from ionization-shifted K alpha emission. Data show a 200 microm fast-electron range in solid Al. The relative intensities of spectrally shifted Al K alpha lines imply a mean temperature of a few tens of eV up to a 100 microm depth. Experimental results suggest refluxing of the electron beam at target rear side. They were compared with the predictions of both a collisional Monte Carlo and a collisional-electromagnetic, particle-fluid transport code. The validity of the code modeling of heating in such highly transient conditions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martinolli
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR7605, CNRS-CEA-Université Paris VI-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Froula DH, Davis P, Divol L, Ross JS, Meezan N, Price D, Glenzer SH, Rousseaux C. Measurement of the dispersion of thermal ion-acoustic fluctuations in high-temperature laser plasmas using multiple-wavelength Thomson scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:195005. [PMID: 16383991 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.195005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The dispersion of ion-acoustic fluctuations has been measured using a novel technique that employs multiple color Thomson-scattering diagnostics to measure the frequency spectrum for two separate thermal ion-acoustic fluctuations with significantly different wave vectors. The plasma fluctuations are shown to become dispersive with increasing electron temperature. We demonstrate that this technique allows a time resolved local measurement of electron density and temperature in inertial confinement fusion plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Froula
- L-399, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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Rousseaux C, Lefebvre B, Dubuquoy L, Lefebvre P, Romano O, Auwerx J, Metzger D, Wahli W, Desvergne B, Naccari GC, Chavatte P, Farce A, Bulois P, Cortot A, Colombel JF, Desreumaux P. Intestinal antiinflammatory effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 201:1205-15. [PMID: 15824083 PMCID: PMC2213148 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20041948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is an antiinflammatory drug widely used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. It is known to inhibit the production of cytokines and inflammatory mediators, but the mechanism underlying the intestinal effects of 5-ASA remains unknown. Based on the common activities of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) ligands and 5-ASA, we hypothesized that this nuclear receptor mediates 5-ASA therapeutic action. To test this possibility, colitis was induced in heterozygous PPAR-γ+/− mice and their wild-type littermates, which were then treated with 5-ASA. 5-ASA treatment had a beneficial effect on colitis only in wild-type and not in heterozygous mice. In epithelial cells, 5-ASA increased PPAR-γ expression, promoted its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and induced a modification of its conformation permitting the recruitment of coactivators and the activation of a peroxisome-proliferator response element–driven gene. Validation of these results was obtained with organ cultures of human colonic biopsies. These data identify PPAR-γ as a target of 5-ASA underlying antiinflammatory effects in the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Rousseaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Medicale 0114, Physiopathologie des Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales, CHU 59037 Lille, France
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Batani D, Baton SD, Manclossi M, Santos JJ, Amiranoff F, Koenig M, Martinolli E, Antonicci A, Rousseaux C, Le Gloahec MR, Hall T, Malka V, Cowan TE, King J, Freeman RR, Key M, Stephens R. Ultraintense laser-produced fast-electron propagation in gas jets. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:055004. [PMID: 15783656 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.055004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We study the propagation of fast electrons in a gas at different densities. A large relativistic electron current is produced by focusing a short-pulse ultrahigh-intensity laser on a metallic target. It then propagates in a gas jet placed behind the foil. Shadowgraphy in the gas shows an electron cloud moving at sub-relativistic average velocities. The experiment shows (i) the essential role of the density of background material for allowing propagation of fast electrons, (ii) the importance of the ionization phase which produces free electrons available for the return current, and (iii) the effect of electrostatic fields on fast-electron propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Batani
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini" and INFM, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Italy
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Martinolli E, Koenig M, Amiranoff F, Baton SD, Gremillet L, Santos JJ, Hall TA, Rabec-Le-Gloahec M, Rousseaux C, Batani D. Fast electron heating of a solid target in ultrahigh-intensity laser pulse interaction. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 70:055402. [PMID: 15600682 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.70.055402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2003] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report one of the first measurements of induced heating due to the transport of a fast electron beam generated by an ultrashort pulse laser interaction with solid targets. Rear-side optical reflectivity and emissivity have been used as diagnostics for the size and temperature of the heated zone. A narrow spot has been observed of the order of the laser focus size. Values up to approximately 10 eV at the target back surface were inferred from the experimental data and compared with the predictions of a hybrid collisional-electromagnetic transport simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martinolli
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR7605, CNRS-CEA-Université Paris VI-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Stephens RB, Snavely RA, Aglitskiy Y, Amiranoff F, Andersen C, Batani D, Baton SD, Cowan T, Freeman RR, Hall T, Hatchett SP, Hill JM, Key MH, King JA, Koch JA, Koenig M, MacKinnon AJ, Lancaster KL, Martinolli E, Norreys P, Perelli-Cippo E, Rabec Le Gloahec M, Rousseaux C, Santos JJ, Scianitti F. K(alpha) fluorescence measurement of relativistic electron transport in the context of fast ignition. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2004; 69:066414. [PMID: 15244752 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.69.066414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2003] [Revised: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport within solid targets, irradiated by a high-intensity short-pulse laser, has been measured by imaging K(alpha) radiation from high- Z layers (Cu, Ti) buried in low- Z (CH, Al) foils. Although the laser spot is approximately 10 microm [full width at half maximum (FWHM)], the electron beam spreads to > or =70 microm FWHM within <20 microm of penetration into an Al target then, at depths >100 microm, diverges with a 40 degree spreading angle. Monte Carlo and analytic models are compared to our data. We find that a Monte Carlo model with a heuristic model for the electron injection gives a reasonable fit with our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Stephens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
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Baton SD, Santos JJ, Amiranoff F, Popescu H, Gremillet L, Koenig M, Martinolli E, Guilbaud O, Rousseaux C, Rabec Le Gloahec M, Hall T, Batani D, Perelli E, Scianitti F, Cowan TE. Evidence of ultrashort electron bunches in laser-plasma interactions at relativistic intensities. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:105001. [PMID: 14525484 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The second harmonic of the laser light (2omega(0)) is observed on the rear side of thick solid targets irradiated by a laser beam at relativistic intensities. This emission is explained by the acceleration by the laser pulse in front of the target of short bunches of electrons separated by the period (or half the period) of the laser light. When reaching the rear side of the target, these electron bunches emit coherent transition radiation at 2omega(0). The observations indicate that, in our conditions, the minimum fraction of the laser energy transferred to these electron bunches is of the order of 1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Baton
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR 7605 CNRS-CEA-Ecole Polytechnique-Université Paris VI, Palaiseau, France
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Santos JJ, Amiranoff F, Baton SD, Gremillet L, Koenig M, Martinolli E, Rabec Le Gloahec M, Rousseaux C, Batani D, Bernardinello A, Greison G, Hall T. Fast electron transport in ultraintense laser pulse interaction with solid targets by rear-side self-radiation diagnostics. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:025001. [PMID: 12096998 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on rear-side optical self-emission results from ultraintense laser pulse interactions with solid targets. A prompt emission associated with a narrow electron jet has been observed up to aluminum target thicknesses of 400 microm with a typical spreading half-angle of 17 degrees. The quantitative results on the emitted energy are consistent with models where the optical emission is due to transition radiation of electrons reaching the back surface of the target or due to a synchrotron-type radiation of electrons pulled back to the target. These models associated with transport simulation results give an indication of a temperature of a few hundred keV for the fast-electron population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Santos
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR7605, CNRS-CEA-Université Paris VI-Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Batani D, Antonicci A, Pisani F, Hall TA, Scott D, Amiranoff F, Koenig M, Gremillet L, Baton S, Martinolli E, Rousseaux C, Nazarov W. Inhibition in the propagation of fast electrons in plastic foams by resistive electric fields. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:066409. [PMID: 12188837 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.066409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2001] [Revised: 01/30/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The propagation of relativistic electrons in foam and solid density targets has been studied by means of K-alpha spectroscopy. Experimental results point out the role of self-generated electric fields in propagation and the role of heating of matter induced by the passage of fast electrons. A simple analytical formulation has been given and Spitzer conductivity has been shown to be fairly compatible with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Batani
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini" and INFM, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Roudot-Thoraval F, Abergel A, Allaert F, Bourlière M, Desmorat H, Fagnani F, Fontanges T, Hanana A, Pol S, Zarski JP, Rousseaux C, Gandossi C, Samelson L, Dole S, Dantin S, Eberlé F, Saint-Marc-Girardin MF, Abelsour L. [Hepavir, the first observational study of one cohort of patients treated with alpha-2a interferon, monotherapy. Evaluation of asthenia and its social consequences]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2001; 25:1061-6. [PMID: 11910986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this observational study in patients with chronic hepatitis C and treated with interferon alpha-2a was to assess 1) monitoring in everyday practice, 2) the acceptability of treatment and 3) the intensity of fatigue. METHODS Three hundred and fifty four patients were enrolled by physicians in both teaching and general hospitals, or private practice. Before treatment, clinical, epidemiological, and virological data were collected as well as a self-evaluation of fatigue using a visual analogic scale. Clinical follow-up was assessed every 3 months during treatment and 6 months after the end of treatment and included an evaluation of fatigue and the number of workdays missed due to sickness. RESULTS Two hundred and nineteen men and 135 women, mean age 45 +/- 13, were included. The epidemiological, histological and virological features of this group were similar to those patients usually treated for chronic hepatitis C. Before treatment, the mean measurement of fatigue was 41 on a scale from 0 (perfect form) to 100 (exhausted). Fatigue was unrelated to age, source of infection, biological activity, or histological score. It worsened in patients who stopped interferon after 3 or 6 months, but was stable in patients who continued treatment for 12 months. Fatigue decreased after the end of treatment and was unrelated to treatment response. The need to stop work was strongly related to the intensity of fatigue and the number of workdays missed due to sickness represented nearly two months out of three in 25% of active patients during the first quarter and in 15% of patients thereafter. 61% of patients self-injected interferon (mainly previous drug users) whereas 30% of patients used nurse care throughout treatment. CONCLUSION This study not only provides a realistic evaluation of fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C, before, during and after treatment, but also highlights its social and economic consequences. It shows the need for further cost-effectiveness studies on new therapeutic strategies using combined treatments.
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Pisani F, Bernardinello A, Batani D, Antonicci A, Martinolli E, Koenig M, Gremillet L, Amiranoff F, Baton S, Davies J, Hall T, Scott D, Norreys P, Djaoui A, Rousseaux C, Fews P, Bandulet H, Pepin H. Experimental evidence of electric inhibition in fast electron penetration and of electric-field-limited fast electron transport in dense matter. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:R5927-30. [PMID: 11102017 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.r5927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2000] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Fast electron generation and propagation were studied in the interaction of a green laser with solids. The experiment, carried out with the LULI TW laser (350 fs, 15 J), used K(alpha) emission from buried fluorescent layers to measure electron transport. Results for conductors (Al) and insulators (plastic) are compared with simulations: in plastic, inhibition in the propagation of fast electrons is observed, due to electric fields which become the dominant factor in electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pisani
- Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini" and INFM, Universita degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Via Emanueli 15, 20126 Milano, Italy and LULI, UMR No. 7605, CNRS-CEA-X-Paris VI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Manuguerra JC, Zientara S, Sailleau C, Rousseaux C, Gicquel B, Rijks I, van der Werf S. Evidence for evolutionary stasis and genetic drift by genetic analysis of two equine influenza H3 viruses isolated in France. Vet Microbiol 2000; 74:59-70. [PMID: 10799778 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00166-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The amino acid sequences of the HA(1) portion of the haemagglutinin of two equine A(H3N8) influenza viruses isolated in France in 1993 and 1998 were analysed to determine their evolutionary relationship with 51 other HA(1) amino acid sequences available in databanks. Our data show that the French strain isolated in 1993 belongs to a group of phylogenetically related viruses branched on the main trunk, illustrating the main lineage of evolution of the equine-2 H3 sequences before its split into two distinct lineages in the late 1980s. By contrast, the 1998 French isolate appears to belong to the more recent 'Eurasian' lineage. These data suggest that equine-2 strains antigenically related to old prototype viruses may cocirculate with the more recent 'Eurasian' and 'American' lineages. In conclusion, it may be necessary to include both strains representative of recent equine influenza variants and an older prototype strain in the current equine influenza vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Manuguerra
- AFSAA-Alfort-LCRV, 22 rue Pierre Curie, F-94703, Maisons Alfort, France
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Amiranoff F, Baton SD, Huller S, Malka V, Modena A, Mounaix P, Galloudec NR, Rousseaux C, Salvati M. Experimental evidence of the effect of heat flux on thomson scattering off ion acoustic waves. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 61:1949-1953. [PMID: 11046481 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.61.1949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thomson self-scattering measurements are performed in a preionized helium gas jet plasma at different locations along the laser propagation direction. A systematic and important variation of the intensity ratio between the blue and the red ion spectral components is observed, depending on whether the location of the probed region is in front of or behind the focal plane. A simple theoretical calculation of Thomson scattering shows that this behavior can be qualitatively understood in terms of a deformation of the electron distribution function due to the return current correlated with the classical thermal heat flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Amiranoff
- LULI, UMR No. 7605, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
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Rousseaux C, Malka G, Miquel JL, Amiranoff F, Baton SD, Mounaix P. Experimental validation of the linear theory of stimulated Raman scattering driven by a 500-fs laser pulse in a preformed underdense plasma. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:4655-4658. [PMID: 10058565 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Baton SD, Rousseaux C, Mounaix P, Labaune C, Pesme D, Renard N, Gary S, Louis-Jacquet M, Baldis HA. Stimulated Brillouin scattering with a 1 ps laser pulse in a preformed underdense plasma. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1994; 49:R3602-R3605. [PMID: 9961795 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.49.r3602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Rousseaux C, Amiranoff F, Labaune C, Matthieussent G. Suprathermal and relativistic electrons produced in laser–plasma interaction at 0.26, 0.53, and 1.05 μm laser wavelength. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1063/1.860174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Geor RJ, Petrie L, Papich MG, Rousseaux C. The protective effects of sucralfate and ranitidine in foals experimentally intoxicated with phenylbutazone. Can J Vet Res 1989; 53:231-8. [PMID: 2713788 PMCID: PMC1255552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effects of sucralfate and ranitidine on the gastrointestinal manifestations of phenylbutazone (PBZ) toxicity in horse foals were determined by complete blood count, serum chemistry profile, and gross and histological necropsy examinations. Twenty-eight, three to four month old Belgian-cross foals were randomly assigned to one of four groups. Phenylbutazone was administered at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of bodyweight (BW) per day, intravenously (IV), in equally divided doses to three of the groups. In addition to PBZ, ranitidine was administered at 2 mg/kg BW, IV, twice daily, to one group of seven foals (PBZ/ranitidine group), and sucralfate was administered at 4 g, orally, twice daily to another group of seven foals (PBZ/sucralfate group). A fourth group received normal saline IV and corn syrup orally, twice daily, as placebos (control group). Treatments were administered for ten days. Clinical signs included oral ulceration (in all PBZ-treated foals) and diarrhea (5/7 and 2/7 foals from the PBZ and PBZ/ranitidine groups, respectively). A reduction in total protein and albumin was greatest in the PBZ group and least in the PBZ/ranitidine and PBZ/sucralfate groups when compared to the control group. The PBZ group lost weight during the treatment period. At necropsy, the PBZ group had the greatest area of oral ulceration compared to the other treatment groups. All foals treated with PBZ had gastric ulcers; however, the PBZ group had the most severe gastric epithelial necrosis compared to the other three treatment groups. Duodenal villous atrophy, epithelial necrosis and mucosal inflammation, and a reduction in epithelial mitotic figures were seen in all PBZ-treated foals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Geor
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon
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