1
|
Ma X, Gong C, An R, Li Y, Cheng N, Chen S, Liu H, Wang S. Characterisation of the MLP genes in peach postharvest cold storage and the regulatory role of PpMLP10 in the chilling stress response. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131293. [PMID: 38565368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The major latex proteins/ripening-related proteins are a subfamily of the Bet v 1 protein superfamily and are commonly involved in plant development and responses to various stresses. However, the functions of MLPs in the postharvest cold storage of fruits remain uninvestigated. Herein, we identified 30 MLP genes in the peach (Prunus persica) genome that were clustered into three subgroups. Chromosomal location analysis revealed that the PpMLP genes were unevenly distributed on five of the eight peach chromosomes. Synteny analysis of the MLP genes between peach and seven other plant species (five dicotyledons and two monocotyledons) explored their evolutionary characteristics. Furthermore, the PpMLP promoters contained cis-elements for multiple hormones and stress responses. Gene expression analysis revealed that PpMLPs participated in chilling stress responses. Ectopic expression of PpMLP10 in Arabidopsis improved chilling stress tolerance by decreasing membrane damage and maintaining membrane stability. Additional research confirmed that PpWRKY2 participates in PpMLP10-mediated chilling stress by binding to its promoter. Collectively, these results suggest the role of PpMLP10 in enhancing chilling stress tolerance, which is significant for decreasing chilling injury during the postharvest cold storage of peaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocen Ma
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Gong
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ruimin An
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Yang Li
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Nini Cheng
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Heng Liu
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Shucai Wang
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Crop Gene Editing, School of Life Sciences, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pomés A, Smith SA, Chruszcz M, Mueller GA, Brackett NF, Chapman MD. Precision engineering for localization, validation, and modification of allergenic epitopes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:560-571. [PMID: 38181840 PMCID: PMC10939758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The allergen-IgE interaction is essential for the genesis of allergic responses, yet investigation of the molecular basis of these interactions is in its infancy. Precision engineering has unveiled the molecular features of allergen-antibody interactions at the atomic level. High-resolution technologies, including x-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and cryo-electron microscopy, determine allergen-antibody structures. X-ray crystallography of an allergen-antibody complex localizes in detail amino acid residues and interactions that define the epitope-paratope interface. Multiple structures involving murine IgG mAbs have recently been resolved. The number of amino acids forming the epitope broadly correlates with the epitope area. The production of human IgE mAbs from B cells of allergic subjects is an exciting recent development that has for the first time enabled an actual IgE epitope to be defined. The biologic activity of defined IgE epitopes can be validated in vivo in animal models or by measuring mediator release from engineered basophilic cell lines. Finally, gene-editing approaches using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats technology to either remove allergen genes or make targeted epitope engineering at the source are on the horizon. This review presents an overview of the identification and validation of allergenic epitopes by precision engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun X, Li Y, Sun Y, Wu Q, Wang L. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression Analyses of Major Latex Protein Gene Family in Populus simonii × P. nigra. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2748. [PMID: 38473994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Major latex proteins, or MLPs, are crucial to plants' capacity to grow, develop, and endure biotic and abiotic stresses. The MLP gene family has been found in numerous plants, but little is known about its role in Populus simonii × P. nigra. This study discovered and assessed 43 PtMLP genes that were unevenly dispersed throughout 12 chromosomes in terms of their physicochemical characteristics, gene structure, conserved motifs, and protein localization. Based on their phylogeny and protein structural characteristics, three separate subclasses of PtMLP family were identified. Segmental and tandem duplication were found to be essential variables in the expansion of the PtMLP genes. The involvement of the PtMLP genes in growth and development, as well as in the responses to different hormones and stresses, was demonstrated by cis-regulatory element prediction. The PtMLP genes showed varying expression patterns in various tissues and under different conditions (cold, salt, and drought stress), as demonstrated in RNA-Seq databases, suggesting that PsnMLP may have different functions. Following the further investigation of the genes demonstrating notable variations in expression before and after the application of three stresses, PsnMLP5 was identified as a candidate gene. Subsequent studies revealed that PsnMLP5 could be induced by ABA treatment. This study paves the way for further investigations into the MLP genes' functional mechanisms in response to abiotic stressors, as well as the ways in which they can be utilized in poplar breeding for improved stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Technology, Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lund G, Christensen LH, Ihlemann J, Andersen PS, Wambre E, Würtzen PA, Gupta S. T cells specific to multiple Bet v 1 peptides are highly cross-reactive toward the corresponding peptides from the homologous group of tree pollens. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1291666. [PMID: 38077382 PMCID: PMC10702988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1291666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergens from Fagales trees frequently cause spring allergy in Europe, North America, and some parts of Asia. The definition of the birch homologous group, which includes birch (Bet v), oak (Que a), alder (Aln g), hazel (Cor a), hornbeam (Car b), beech (Fag s), and chestnut (Cas s), is based on high allergen sequence identity and extensive IgE cross-reactivity. Clinical effect was seen during the alder/hazel, birch, and oak pollen seasons after treatment with tree SLIT-tablets containing only birch allergen extract. Here, we characterize T-cell reactivity with respect to epitope specificities and cross-reactivity toward various Bet v 1 family members, (PR-10/group 1 major allergens). This cross-reactivity may be part of the immunological basis of clinical effect or cross-protection when exposed to birch homologous tree species. Method T-cell lines were generated from 29 birch-allergic individuals through stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with birch/Bet v or oak/Que a allergen extracts. T-cell responses to allergen extracts, purified group 1 allergens, and overlapping 20-mer peptides (Bet v 1, Aln g 1, Cor a 1, and Que a 1) were investigated by T-cell proliferation and cytokine production. Cross-reactivity was evaluated based on Pearson's correlations of response strength and further investigated by flow cytometry using tetramer staining for homologous peptide pairs. Results T-cell reactivity toward extracts and group 1 allergens from across the birch homologous group was observed for birch/Bet v as well as oak/Que a T-cell lines. T-cell lines responded to multiple Bet v 1 homologous peptides from Aln g 1 and Cor a 1 and a subset of Que a 1 peptides. Significant Pearson's correlations between frequently recognized peptides derived from Bet v 1 and the corresponding peptides derived from alder, hazel, and oak strongly supported the T-cell cross-reactivity toward these allergens. Cross-reactivity between birch and birch homologous peptides was confirmed by pMHCII tetramer staining. Conclusion T cells from birch tree pollen allergic individuals respond to multiple trees within the birch homologous group in accordance with the level of sequence homology between Bet v 1 family members, (PR-10 allergens) from these allergen sources, confirming the basis for clinical cross-protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gitte Lund
- Global Research Hoersholm, ALK, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Erik Wambre
- Translational Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun Z, Meng L, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Cheng B, Liang Y. Genome-Wide Evolutionary Characterization and Expression Analysis of Major Latex Protein (MLP) Family Genes in Tomato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15005. [PMID: 37834453 PMCID: PMC10573222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Major latex proteins (MLPs) play a key role in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. However, little is known about this gene family in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum). In this paper, we perform a genome-wide evolutionary characterization and gene expression analysis of the MLP family in tomatoes. We found a total of 34 SlMLP members in the tomato genome, which are heterogeneously distributed on eight chromosomes. The phylogenetic analysis of the SlMLP family unveiled their evolutionary relationships and possible functions. Furthermore, the tissue-specific expression analysis revealed that the tomato MLP members possess distinct biological functions. Crucially, multiple cis-regulatory elements associated with stress, hormone, light, and growth responses were identified in the promoter regions of these SlMLP genes, suggesting that SlMLPs are potentially involved in plant growth, development, and various stress responses. Subcellular localization demonstrated that SlMLP1, SlMLP3, and SlMLP17 are localized in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, these findings lay a foundation for further dissecting the functions of tomato SlMLP genes and exploring the evolutionary relationships of MLP homologs in different plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yan Liang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Z.S.); (L.M.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Du B, Ma X, Wang Y, Cheng N, Zhang Y. Overexpression of major latex protein 423 (NtMLP423) enhances the chilling stress tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 329:111604. [PMID: 36709884 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chilling stress impedes plant growth and hinders crop development and productivity. In this study, we identified the major latex protein (MLP) in tobacco (NtMLP423) and examined its roles in chilling resistance. NtMLP423 expression was considerably upregulated in response to chilling stress. NtMLP423 function was assessed and compared in plants with overexpression and antisense characteristics. Under chilling stress, plants with overexpression characteristics grew better than wild-type and antisense plants. NtMLP423 overexpression reduced membrane lipid damage, increased antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under chilling stress. Here, we screened for the first time the upstream transcription factor NtMYB108, which regulates NtMLP423 expression under chilling stress. The NtMYB108 transcription factor directly binds to the NtMLP423 promoter and improves NtMLP423 resistance to chilling stress. Subjecting NtMYB018 to virus-induced gene silencing reduced chilling stress tolerance. Overall, NtMLP423 overexpression enhances chilling stress tolerance, while its suppression has the opposite effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China; Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bingyang Du
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Pomology, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaocen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Nini Cheng
- Linyi University, Linyi 276005, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Yuanhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Terán MG, García-Ramírez B, Mares-Mejía I, Ortega E, O’Malley A, Chruszcz M, Rodríguez-Romero A. Molecular Basis of Plant Profilins' Cross-Reactivity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:608. [PMID: 37189355 PMCID: PMC10135586 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilins are ubiquitous allergens with conserved structural elements. Exposure to profilins from different sources leads to IgE-cross-reactivity and the pollen-latex-food syndrome. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that cross-react with plant profilins and block IgE-profilin interactions are relevant for diagnosis, epitope mapping, and specific immunotherapy. We generated IgGs mAbs, 1B4, and 2D10, against latex profilin (anti-rHev b 8) that inhibit the interaction of IgE and IgG4 antibodies from sera of latex- and maize-allergic patients by 90% and 40%, respectively. In this study, we evaluated 1B4 and 2D10 recognition towards different plant profilins, and mAbs recognition of rZea m 12 mutants by ELISAs. Interestingly, 2D10 highly recognized rArt v 4.0101 and rAmb a 8.0101, and to a lesser extent rBet v 2.0101, and rFra e 2.2, while 1B4 showed recognition for rPhl p 12.0101 and rAmb a 8.0101. We demonstrated that residue D130 at the α-helix 3 in profilins, which is part of the Hev b 8 IgE epitope, is essential for the 2D10 recognition. The structural analysis suggests that the profilins containing E130 (rPhl p 12.0101, rFra e 2.2, and rZea m 12.0105) show less binding with 2D10. The distribution of negative charges on the profilins' surfaces at the α-helices 1 and 3 is relevant for the 2D10 recognition, and that may be relevant to explain profilins' IgE cross-reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María G. Terán
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.G.T.); (B.G.-R.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Benjamín García-Ramírez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.G.T.); (B.G.-R.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Israel Mares-Mejía
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.G.T.); (B.G.-R.); (I.M.-M.)
| | - Enrique Ortega
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Andrea O’Malley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.O.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (A.O.); (M.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Adela Rodríguez-Romero
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (M.G.T.); (B.G.-R.); (I.M.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kaeswurm JAH, Straub LV, Siegele A, Brockmeyer J, Buchweitz M. Characterization and Quantification of Mal d 1 Isoallergen Profiles and Contents in Traditional and Commercial Apple Varieties by Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2554-2565. [PMID: 36696630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The apple allergy in Northern Europe is a cross-reaction to the birch pollen allergy. No correlation between the allergenicity of an apple variety and the content of the major apple allergen Mal d 1, a homologue to the Bet v 1 allergen in birch, could be found using ELISA, so far. Therefore, an impact of polyphenols and/or differences in the isoallergen profile are discussed. To allow a more detailed analysis of the Mal d 1 content and the isoallergen profile, a mass spectrometric method was applied to investigate differences in the flesh and peel of 10 traditional varieties and 10 commercial breeds. The data revealed often, but not always, lower Mal d 1 contents in traditional varieties grown in orchard meadows, which was more obvious in the flesh. Differences among the peels were less pronounced. A closer look at the individual isoallergens 1.01, 1.02, 1.03, and 1.06 reveals an increased impact of the minor isoallergens 1.03 and 1.06 on the allergenic potential, since commercial breeds like Braeburn, Santana, and Holstein Cox, which are considered to have reduced allergenic potentials, were characterized by low levels of these isoallergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia A H Kaeswurm
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Leonie V Straub
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Siegele
- Obstbauberatung Stuttgart, Liegenschaftsamt, Hospitalstraße 8, 70174 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jens Brockmeyer
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maria Buchweitz
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Technical Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 5b, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Structural and Immunologic Properties of the Major Soybean Allergen Gly m 4 Causing Anaphylaxis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315386. [PMID: 36499712 PMCID: PMC9736301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gly m 4 is the major soybean allergen, causing birch pollen cross allergic reactions. In some cases, Gly m 4-mediated anaphylaxis takes place, but the causative factors are still unknown. Here, we studied the structural and immunologic properties of Gly m 4 to shed light on this phenomenon. We showed that Gly m 4 retained its structure and IgE-binding capacity after heating. Gly m 4 was cleaved slowly under nonoptimal gastric conditions mimicking duodenal digestion, and IgE from the sera of allergic patients interacted with the intact allergen rather than with its proteolytic fragments. Similar peptide clusters of Bet v 1 and Gly m 4 were formed during allergen endolysosomal degradation in vitro, but their sequence identity was insignificant. Animal polyclonal anti-Gly m 4 and anti-Bet v 1 IgG weakly cross-reacted with Bet v 1 and Gly m 4, respectively. Thus, we supposed that not only conserved epitopes elicited cross-reactivity with Bet v 1, but also variable epitopes were present in the Gly m 4 structure. Our data suggests that consumption of moderately processed soybean-based drinks may lead to the neutralizing of gastric pH as a result of which intact Gly m 4 can reach the human intestine and cause IgE-mediated system allergic reactions.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kabasser S, Crvenjak N, Schmalz S, Kalic T, Hafner C, Dubiela P, Kucharczyk A, Bazan‐Socha S, Lukaszyk M, Breiteneder H, Radauer C, Bublin M. Pru du 1, the Bet v 1-homologue from almond, is a major allergen in patients with birch pollen associated almond allergy. Clin Transl Allergy 2022; 12:e12177. [PMID: 35949989 PMCID: PMC9358727 DOI: 10.1002/clt2.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Almond allergy is common and can manifest in two different forms. Primary almond allergy has been reported to be associated with sensitization to almond legumin Pru du 6. In birchendemic regions, there is a link between birch-pollinosis which is likely based on a cross-reactive Bet v 1 homologue, a yet unidentified allergen in almond. Therefore, we sought to identify and characterize a Bet v 1-homologue in almond. Methods The expression of a Bet v 1 homologue in almond kernels was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The recombinant protein was produced in Escherichia coli and its cross-reactivity and allergenic potency was analyzed by IgE quantitative and competitive ELISA, immunoblotting and basophil histamine release using sera from 17 almond allergic patients. Results The identified Bet v 1 homologue received the designation Pru du 1.0101. Pru du 1.0101 bound IgE from 82 % of almond allergic patients. Bet v 1 was able to inhibit IgE-binding to rPru du 1 by 100%, while rPru du 1 inhibited IgE binding to rBet v 1 by 48%. Pru du 1.0101 activated basophils, though 100- to 1000-fold higher concentrations were required for maximum activation in comparison to rBet v 1. Conclusion Considering the strong inhibition capacity and higher allergenic potency of Bet v 1, the results provide compelling evidence for primary sensitization to Bet v 1 in case of birch pollen associated almond allergy. Combining Pru du 6 and Pru du 1 in diagnostic approaches may help to discriminate between primary and birch-pollen associated almond allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kabasser
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of PathophysiologyInfectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nadja Crvenjak
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of PathophysiologyInfectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stefanie Schmalz
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of PathophysiologyInfectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tanja Kalic
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of PathophysiologyInfectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital St. PöltenKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesSt. PöltenAustria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital St. PöltenKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesSt. PöltenAustria
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Dermatological ResearchSt. PöltenAustria
| | - Pawel Dubiela
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of PathophysiologyInfectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Immune RegulationMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
| | - Aleksandra Kucharczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Pneumonology, AllergologyClinical Immunology, Military Institute of MedicineWarsawPoland
| | | | - Mateusz Lukaszyk
- Department of Lung Diseases and TuberculosisMedical University of BialystokBialystokPoland
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of PathophysiologyInfectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christian Radauer
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of PathophysiologyInfectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Merima Bublin
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchCenter of PathophysiologyInfectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chebib S, Meng C, Ludwig C, Bergmann KC, Becker S, Dierend W, Schwab W. Identification of allergenomic signatures in allergic and well-tolerated apple genotypes using LC-MS/MS. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2022; 4:100111. [PMID: 35592704 PMCID: PMC9110896 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The apple fruit (Malus domestica L. Borkh) is one of the most popular fruits worldwide. Beyond their beneficial properties, apples contain proteins that trigger allergic reactions in susceptible consumers. Mal d1 to d4 are allergens present in a variety of different isoforms in apples. In this study, we used proteomics to quantify all four Mal d proteins in 52 apple genotypes with varying allergenic potentials. A total of 195, 17, 14, and 18 peptides were found to be related to Mal d1, d2, d3, and d4 proteins, respectively of which 25 different Mal d proteins could be unambiguously identified. The allergenic potential of the Mal d isoforms was characterized by comparing the isoform abundance with the allergenic score of genotypes from oral challenge tests. The detected Mal d peptides presumably have different IgE binding properties and could be used as potential molecular markers to discriminate between hypoallergenic and hyperallergenic cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Chebib
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), Technical University Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Karl-Christian Bergmann
- Allergy-Centre-Charité, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Germany
| | - Sylvia Becker
- European Centre Allergy Research Foundation, Robert-Koch-Platz 7, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Dierend
- Faculty of Agricultural Science and Landscape Architecture, Fruit Science, University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück, Oldenburger Landstr. 24, 49090 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technical University Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zettl I, Ivanova T, Strobl MR, Weichwald C, Goryainova O, Khan E, Rutovskaya MV, Focke‐Tejkl M, Drescher A, Bohle B, Flicker S, Tillib SV. Isolation of nanobodies with potential to reduce patients' IgE binding to Bet v 1. Allergy 2022; 77:1751-1760. [PMID: 34837242 DOI: 10.1111/all.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies showed that a single injection of human monoclonal allergen-specific IgG antibodies significantly reduced allergic symptoms in birch pollen-allergic patients. Since the production of full monoclonal antibodies in sufficient amounts is laborious and expensive, we sought to investigate if smaller recombinant allergen-specific antibody fragments, that is, nanobodies, have similar protective potential. For this purpose, nanobodies specific for Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, were generated to evaluate their efficacy to inhibit IgE-mediated responses. METHODS A cDNA-VHH library was constructed from a camel immunized with Bet v 1 and screened for Bet v 1 binders encoding sequences by phage display. Selected nanobodies were expressed, purified, and analyzed in regards of epitope-specificity and affinity to Bet v 1. Furthermore, cross-reactivity to Bet v 1-homologues from alder, hazel and apple, and their usefulness to inhibit IgE binding and allergen-induced basophil activation were investigated. RESULTS We isolated three nanobodies that recognize Bet v 1 with high affinity and cross-react with Aln g 1 (alder) and Cor a 1 (hazel). Their epitopes were mapped to the alpha-helix at the C-terminus of Bet v 1. All nanobodies inhibited allergic patients' polyclonal IgE binding to Bet v 1, Aln g 1, and Cor a 1 and partially suppressed Bet v 1-induced basophil activation. CONCLUSION We identified high-affinity Bet v 1-specific nanobodies that recognize an important IgE epitope and reduce allergen-induced basophil activation revealing the first proof that allergen-specific nanobodies are useful tools for future treatment of pollen allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Zettl
- Division of Immunopathology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Maria R. Strobl
- Division of Experimental Allergology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Christina Weichwald
- Division of Immunopathology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Evgenia Khan
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Marina V. Rutovskaya
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
- A.N.Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Margarete Focke‐Tejkl
- Division of Immunopathology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | | | - Barbara Bohle
- Division of Experimental Allergology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sabine Flicker
- Division of Immunopathology Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Sergei V. Tillib
- Institute of Gene Biology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Schmalz S, Mayr V, Shosherova A, Gepp B, Ackerbauer D, Sturm G, Bohle B, Breiteneder H, Radauer C. Isotype-specific binding patterns of serum antibodies to multiple conformational epitopes of Bet v 1. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1786-1794.e12. [PMID: 34740603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen is an important elicitor of respiratory allergy. The major allergen, Bet v 1, binds IgE exclusively via conformational epitopes. OBJECTIVE To identify Bet v 1-specific epitope repertoires of IgE and IgG from birch pollen-allergic and non-allergic subjects. METHODS Chimeric proteins were created by grafting individual epitope-sized, contiguous surface patches of Bet v 1 onto a non-allergenic structural homologue and expressed in Escherichia coli. Binding of IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 from sera of 30 birch pollen-allergic and 11 non-allergic subjects to Bet v 1, 13 chimeric proteins and four bacterial Bet v 1 homologues were measured by ELISA. The proportion of epitope-specific in total Bet v 1-specific IgE and the cross-reactivity of Bet v 1-specific IgE with bacterial homologues were determined by competitive ELISA. RESULTS Thirteen soluble, correctly folded chimeric proteins were produced. IgE from 27/30 birch pollen-allergic patients bound to 1-12 chimeric proteins (median 4.0) with patient-specific patterns. Three chimeras binding IgE from the majority of sera were identified, whose pgrafted patches overlapped with previously published epitopes. Patterns of IgG1 and IgG4 binding to the chimeric proteins did not correspond to the binding patterns of IgE. Sera of 19/30 birch pollen-allergic patients contained low amounts of IgE to bacterial homologues. Bacterial proteins were able to partially inhibit IgE binding to Bet v 1. CONCLUSION Epitopes recognized by Bet v 1-specific antibodies from birch pollen-allergic patients are specific to each patient and differ between IgE, IgG1 and IgG4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schmalz
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vanessa Mayr
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Shosherova
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Gepp
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Vienna Austria
| | - Daniela Ackerbauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gunter Sturm
- Allergy Outpatient Clinic Reumannplatz, Vienna, Austria; Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Radauer
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Johnson L, Aglas L, Soh WT, Geppert M, Hofer S, Hofstätter N, Briza P, Ferreira F, Weiss R, Brandstetter H, Duschl A, Himly M. Structural Alterations of Antigens at the Material Interface: An Early Decision Toolbox Facilitating Safe-by-Design Nanovaccine Development. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10895. [PMID: 34639235 PMCID: PMC8509464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have found extensive interest in the development of novel vaccines, as adjuvants and/or carriers in vaccination platforms. Conjugation of protein antigens at the particle surface by non-covalent adsorption is the most widely used approach in licensed particulate vaccines. Hence, it is essential to understand proteins' structural integrity at the material interface in order to develop safe-by-design nanovaccines. In this study, we utilized two model proteins, the wild-type allergen Bet v 1 and its hypoallergenic fold variant (BM4), to compare SiO2 nanoparticles with Alhydrogel® as particulate systems. A set of biophysical and functional assays including circular dichroism spectroscopy and proteolytic degradation was used to examine the antigens' structural integrity at the material interface. Conjugation of both biomolecules to the particulate systems decreased their proteolytic stability. However, we observed qualitative and quantitative differences in antigen processing concomitant with differences in their fold stability. These changes further led to an alteration in IgE epitope recognition. Here, we propose a toolbox of biophysical and functional in vitro assays for the suitability assessment of nanomaterials in the early stages of vaccine development. These tools will aid in safe-by-design innovations and allow fine-tuning the properties of nanoparticle candidates to shape a specific immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Himly
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.J.); (L.A.); (W.T.S.); (M.G.); (S.H.); (N.H.); (P.B.); (F.F.); (R.W.); (H.B.); (A.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Eidelpes R, Hofer F, Röck M, Führer S, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Tollinger M. Structure and Zeatin Binding of the Peach Allergen Pru p 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8120-8129. [PMID: 34260238 PMCID: PMC8323099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica) is among the fruits most frequently reported to cause food allergies. Allergic reactions commonly result from previous sensitization to the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, followed by immunological cross-reactivity of IgE antibodies to structurally related proteins in peach. In this study, we present the three-dimensional NMR solution structure of the cross-reactive peach allergen Pru p 1 (isoform Pru p 1.0101). This 17.5 kDa protein adopts the canonical Bet v 1 fold, composed of a seven-stranded β-sheet and three α-helices enclosing an internal cavity. In Pru p 1, the inner surface of the cavity contains an array of hydroxyl-bearing amino acids surrounded by a hydrophobic patch, constituting a docking site for amphiphilic molecules. NMR-guided docking of the cytokinin molecule zeatin to the internal cavity of Pru p 1 provides a structure-based rationale for the effect that zeatin binding has on the protein's RNase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reiner Eidelpes
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular
Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University
of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Röck
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Führer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Sophia Kamenik
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular
Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University
of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular
Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University
of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maruyama N. Components of plant-derived food allergens: Structure, diagnostics, and immunotherapy. Allergol Int 2021; 70:291-302. [PMID: 34092500 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of plant-derived food allergen components have been identified to date. Although these allergens are diverse, they often share common structural features such as numerous disulfide bonds or oligomeric structures. Furthermore, some plant-derived food allergen components cross-react with pollen allergens. Since the relationship between allergen components and clinical symptoms has been well characterized, measurements of specific IgE to these components have become useful for the accurate clinical diagnosis and selection of optimal treatment methods for various allergy-related conditions including allergy caused by plant-derived foods. Herein, I have described the types and structures of different plant allergen components and outlined the diagnosis as well as treatment strategies, including those reported recently, for such substances. Furthermore, I have also highlighted the contribution of allergen components to this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Maruyama
- Food Quality Design and Development Laboratory, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Di Muzio M, Wildner S, Huber S, Hauser M, Vejvar E, Auzinger W, Regl C, Laimer J, Zennaro D, Wopfer N, Huber CG, van Ree R, Mari A, Lackner P, Ferreira F, Schubert M, Gadermaier G. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange memory NMR reveals structural epitopes involved in IgE cross-reactivity of allergenic lipid transfer proteins. J Biol Chem 2021; 295:17398-17410. [PMID: 33453986 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of antibody-binding epitopes is crucial to understand immunological mechanisms. It is of particular interest for allergenic proteins with high cross-reactivity as observed in the lipid transfer protein (LTP) syndrome, which is characterized by severe allergic reactions. Art v 3, a pollen LTP from mugwort, is frequently involved in this cross-reactivity, but no antibody-binding epitopes have been determined so far. To reveal human IgE-binding regions of Art v 3, we produced three murine high-affinity mAbs, which showed 70-90% coverage of the allergenic epitopes from mugwort pollen-allergic patients. As reliable methods to determine structural epitopes with tightly interacting intact antibodies under native conditions are lacking, we developed a straightforward NMR approach termed hydrogen/deuterium exchange memory (HDXMEM). It relies on the slow exchange between the invisible antigen-mAb complex and the free 15N-labeled antigen whose 1H-15N correlations are detected. Due to a memory effect, changes of NH protection during antibody binding are measured. Differences in H/D exchange rates and analyses of mAb reactivity to homologous LTPs revealed three structural epitopes: two partially cross-reactive regions around α-helices 2 and 4 as well as a novel Art v 3-specific epitope at the C terminus. Protein variants with exchanged epitope residues confirmed the antibody-binding sites and revealed strongly reduced IgE reactivity. Using the novel HDXMEM for NMR epitope mapping allowed identification of the first structural epitopes of an allergenic pollen LTP. This knowledge enables improved cross-reactivity prediction for patients suffering from LTP allergy and facilitates design of therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Muzio
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sabrina Wildner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sara Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Hauser
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eva Vejvar
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Werner Auzinger
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christof Regl
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Josef Laimer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Danila Zennaro
- Centri Associati di Allergologica Molecolare (CAAM), Latina, Italy
| | - Nicole Wopfer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian G Huber
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ronald van Ree
- Department of Experimental Immunology and of Otorhinolaryngology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriano Mari
- Centri Associati di Allergologica Molecolare (CAAM), Latina, Italy
| | - Peter Lackner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Gabriele Gadermaier
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative Tools for Biosimilar Characterization, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Würtzen PA, Grønager PM, Lund G, Gupta S, Andersen PS, Biedermann T, Ipsen H. Simplified AIT for allergy to several tree pollens-Arguments from the immune outcome analyses following treatment with SQ tree SLIT-tablet. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 51:284-295. [PMID: 33207015 PMCID: PMC7984359 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SQ tree SLIT-tablet (containing birch extract) proved clinically significant effects during the pollen season for birch as well as alder/hazel. Immune outcomes of this treatment for allergens from multiple birch homologous trees need further investigation. We hypothesize that birch pollen extract AIT modulates a highly cross-reactive immune response and that this may be the basis for the observed clinical cross-protection. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 397 birch allergic patients during SQ tree SLIT-tablet or placebo treatment (1:1) for up to 40 weeks. Serum IgE and IgG4 specific to birch, and birch homologous tree pollens from alder, hazel, hornbeam, beech and chestnut were measured by ImmunoCAP. IgE-Blocking Factor (IgE-BF) for alder, birch and hazel during treatment was measured by Advia Centaur and blocking effects for birch and all these birch homologous tree pollens were further investigated by basophil activation (BAT). Antibody readouts were investigated in patient subsets. T-cell responses (proliferation) to allergen extracts and peptide pools (group 1 allergens) were investigated in T-cell lines from 29 untreated birch pollen-allergic individuals. RESULTS Significant Pearson correlations between serum IgE towards birch, alder, hazel, hornbeam and beech were observed (r-values > .86). T-cell reactivity was observed throughout the birch homologous group. Almost identical kinetics for changes in IgE towards birch, alder and hazel were observed during treatment and similar species-specific changes were seen for serum-IgG4 . IgG4 reactivity towards birch and alder, hazel, hornbeam and beech correlated significantly at end-of-treatment (r-values > .72). Treatment resulted in similar IgE-BF kinetics for alder, birch, and hazel and blocking of BAT for multiple trees in most actively treated patients investigated. CONCLUSIONS Systematic analyses of T-cell and antibody cross-reactivities before and during birch pollen extract AIT provide the immunological basis for the observed clinical effect of SQ tree SLIT-tablet treatment of tree pollen allergy induced by multiple trees in the birch homologous group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Unit Allergology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Orozco-Navarrete B, Kaczmarska Z, Dupeux F, Garrido-Arandia M, Pott D, Perales AD, Casañal A, Márquez JA, Valpuesta V, Merchante C. Structural Bases for the Allergenicity of Fra a 1.02 in Strawberry Fruits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10951-10961. [PMID: 31774998 PMCID: PMC7644122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Although strawberries are highly appreciated fruits, their intake can induce allergic reactions in atopic patients. These reactions can be due to the patient's previous sensitization to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, by which IgE generated in response to Bet v 1 cross-reacts with the structurally related strawberry Fra a 1 protein family. Fra a 1.02 is the most expressed paralog in ripe strawberries and is highly allergenic. To better understand the molecular mechanisms regulating this allergic response, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of Fra a 1.02 and four site-directed mutants that were designed based on their positions in potential epitopes. Fra a 1.02 and mutants conform to the START fold. We show that the cross-reactivity of all the mutant variants to IgE from patients allergic to Bet v 1 was significantly reduced without altering the conserved structural fold, so that they could potentially be used as hypoallergenic Fra a 1 variants for the generation of vaccines against strawberry allergy in atopic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Orozco-Navarrete
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-CSIC, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Zuzanna Kaczmarska
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 38042 Grenoble, France
- International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 12-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Florine Dupeux
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - María Garrido-Arandia
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Delphine Pott
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-CSIC, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Araceli Díaz Perales
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Casañal
- Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Francis Crick Avenue, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, England
| | - José A Márquez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Victoriano Valpuesta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-CSIC, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Catharina Merchante
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-CSIC, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Morris JS, Caldo KMP, Liang S, Facchini PJ. PR10/Bet v1-like Proteins as Novel Contributors to Plant Biochemical Diversity. Chembiochem 2020; 22:264-287. [PMID: 32700448 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins constitute a broad class of plant proteins with analogues found throughout nature from bacteria to higher eukaryotes. PR proteins were first noted in plants as part of the hypersensitive response, but have since been assigned an array of biological roles. The PR10/Bet v1-like proteins are a subset of PR proteins characterized by an ability to bind a wide range of lipophilic ligands, uniquely positioning them as contributors to specialized biosynthetic pathways. PR10/Bet v1-like proteins participate in the production of plant alkaloids and phenolics including flavonoids, both as general binding proteins and in special cases as catalysts. Owing initially to the perceived allergenic properties of PR10/Bet v1-like proteins, many were studied at the structural level to elucidate the basis for ligand binding. These studies provided a foundation for more recent efforts to understand higher-level structural order and how PR10/Bet v1-like proteins catalyse key reactions in plant pathways. Synthetic biology aimed at reconstituting plant-specialized metabolism in microorganisms uses knowledge of these proteins to fine-tune performance in new systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy S Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N N4, Canada
| | - Kristian Mark P Caldo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N N4, Canada
| | - Siyu Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N N4, Canada
| | - Peter J Facchini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2N N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pomés A, Mueller GA, Chruszcz M. Structural Aspects of the Allergen-Antibody Interaction. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2067. [PMID: 32983155 PMCID: PMC7492603 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of allergic disease involves the production of IgE antibodies upon allergen exposure in a process called sensitization. IgE binds to receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils, and subsequent allergen exposure leads to cross-linking of IgE antibodies and release of cell mediators that cause allergy symptoms. Although this process is quite well-understood, very little is known about the epitopes on the allergen recognized by IgE, despite the importance of the allergen-antibody interaction for the allergic response to occur. This review discusses efforts to analyze allergen-antibody interactions, from the original epitope mapping studies using linear peptides or recombinant allergen fragments, to more sophisticated technologies, such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance. These state-of-the-art approaches, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, have led to the identification of conformational IgE epitopes. The first structures of an allergen (egg lysozyme) in complex with Fab fragments from IgG antibodies were determined in the 1980s. Since then, IgG has been used as surrogate for IgE, due to the difficulty of obtaining monoclonal IgE antibodies. Technical developments including phage display libraries have contributed to progress in epitope mapping thanks to the isolation of IgE antibody constructs from combinatorial libraries made from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic donors. Most recently, single B cell antibody sequencing and human hybridomas are new breakthrough technologies for finally obtaining human IgE monoclonal antibodies, ideal for epitope mapping. The information on antigenic determinants will facilitate the design of hypoallergens for immunotherapy and the investigation of the fundamental mechanisms of the IgE response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Geoffrey A Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kleine‐Tebbe J, Zuberbier T, Werfel T, Krüll M, Wagenmann M, Johansen N, Adler Würtzen P, Wolf H, Mücke V, Wüstenberg E, Biedermann T. Is allergy immunotherapy with birch sufficient to treat patients allergic to pollen of tree species of the birch homologous group? Allergy 2020; 75:1327-1336. [PMID: 31758559 DOI: 10.1111/all.14130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollen from various Fagales tree species prolongs the season and makes tree pollen allergy a major health problem. Despite involving the same causative allergens, allergy immunotherapy (AIT) treatment habits differ significantly across different geographical regions. Diagnosis and treatment with AIT in patients allergic to tree pollen were discussed by a group of German medical experts who give practical recommendations based on the available data. Regulatory perspective: According to current guidelines on allergen products, birch pollen are the representative allergen source of the birch homologous group including several Fagales trees based on sequence and structural similarity of their allergen proteins. Immunological perspective: A high level of IgE cross-reactivity towards allergens from the birch homologous group has been observed in basic research and clinical trials. Clinical perspective: Clinical trial data show that the efficacy of birch pollen AIT is not only related to birch pollen allergy but extends to pollen from other trees, especially alder, hazel and oak. In order to optimize diagnosis and treatment of tree pollen allergy, the experts recommend to focus diagnosis and respective treatment with AIT primarily to birch as the representative allergen of the Fagales tree homologous group, but further diagnostics may be needed for some patients to determine adequate treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Torsten Zuberbier
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy Berlin Institute of Health Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Division of Immunodermatology and Allergy Research Department of Dermatology and Allergy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - Matthias Krüll
- Institut für Allergie und Asthmaforschung Berlin (IAAB) GbR Berlin Germany
| | - Martin Wagenmann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery University Hospital Duesseldorf Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf Germany
| | | | | | - Hendrik Wolf
- Medical Department ALK‐Abelló Arzneimittel GmbH Hamburg Germany
| | - Victoria Mücke
- Medical Department ALK‐Abelló Arzneimittel GmbH Hamburg Germany
| | - Eike Wüstenberg
- Medical Department ALK‐Abelló Arzneimittel GmbH Hamburg Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
- Clinical Unit Allergology Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH Neuherberg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yuan G, He S, Bian S, Han X, Liu K, Cong P, Zhang C. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of major latex protein (MLP) family genes in the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) genome. Gene 2020; 733:144275. [PMID: 31809843 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Major latex protein/ripening-related proteins (MLP/RRP) subfamily are a class of proteins that play crucial roles in response to defense and stress response. However, their biological function is still not clear, the identification and characterization will provide essential information for understanding their roles. Here, we carried out a genome-wide evolutionary characteristics and gene expression analysis of the MLP family in apple (Malus domestica, Borkh.). A total of 36 MdMLP genes were screened in apple genome. They were uneven located on 5 chromosomes, where were mainly arranged in tandem clusters, and the phylogenetic analysis put forward further views on the evolutionary relationship and putative functions among the genes. The conserved motifs showed that the MLP proteins which contained motif 1 had the potential function, and tissue-specific expression analysis showed that apple MLP members had diverse biological roles. Furthermore, the results showed seven of the MdMLPs that harbored cis-acting regulatory elements in response to defense and stress, and our expression data proved that they were involved in biotic stresses. The present study provides new views to the evolution and regulation of MdMLP genes, which represent objectives of future research and incorporate in resistance-related molecular breeding projects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaopeng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China; Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China
| | - Shanshan He
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China; Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuxun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China; Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China; Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China; Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China
| | - Peihua Cong
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China; Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China; Research Institute of Pomology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fernández-Quintero ML, Loeffler JR, Waibl F, Kamenik AS, Hofer F, Liedl KR. Conformational selection of allergen-antibody complexes-surface plasticity of paratopes and epitopes. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:513-523. [PMID: 32719844 PMCID: PMC7451023 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzaa014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies have the ability to bind various types of antigens and to recognize different antibody-binding sites (epitopes) of the same antigen with different binding affinities. Due to the conserved structural framework of antibodies, their specificity to antigens is mainly determined by their antigen-binding site (paratope). Therefore, characterization of epitopes in combination with describing the involved conformational changes of the paratope upon binding is crucial in understanding and predicting antibody-antigen binding. Using molecular dynamics simulations complemented with strong experimental structural information, we investigated the underlying binding mechanism and the resulting local and global surface plasticity in the binding interfaces of distinct antibody-antigen complexes. In all studied allergen-antibody complexes, we clearly observe that experimentally suggested epitopes reveal less plasticity, while non-epitope regions show high surface plasticity. Surprisingly, the paratope shows higher conformational diversity reflected in substantially higher surface plasticity, compared to the epitope. This work allows a visualization and characterization of antibody-antigen interfaces and might have strong implications for antibody-antigen docking and in the area of epitope prediction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Fernández-Quintero
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes R Loeffler
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franz Waibl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna S Kamenik
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Hofer
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Demolombe V, de Brevern AG, Molina F, Lavigne G, Granier C, Moreau V. Benchmarking the PEPOP methods for mimicking discontinuous epitopes. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:738. [PMID: 31888437 PMCID: PMC6937815 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computational methods provide approaches to identify epitopes in protein Ags to help characterizing potential biomarkers identified by high-throughput genomic or proteomic experiments. PEPOP version 1.0 was developed as an antigenic or immunogenic peptide prediction tool. We have now improved this tool by implementing 32 new methods (PEPOP version 2.0) to guide the choice of peptides that mimic discontinuous epitopes and thus potentially able to replace the cognate protein Ag in its interaction with an Ab. In the present work, we describe these new methods and the benchmarking of their performances. Results Benchmarking was carried out by comparing the peptides predicted by the different methods and the corresponding epitopes determined by X-ray crystallography in a dataset of 75 Ag-Ab complexes. The Sensitivity (Se) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) parameters were used to assess the performance of these methods. The results were compared to that of peptides obtained either by chance or by using the SUPERFICIAL tool, the only available comparable method. Conclusion The PEPOP methods were more efficient than, or as much as chance, and 33 of the 34 PEPOP methods performed better than SUPERFICIAL. Overall, “optimized” methods (tools that use the traveling salesman problem approach to design peptides) can predict peptides that best match true epitopes in most cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Demolombe
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Alexandre G de Brevern
- INSERM UMR-S 1134, DSIMB, F-75739, Paris, France.,Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ de la Réunion, Univ des Antilles, UMR 1134, F-75739, Paris, France.,INTS, F-75739, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, F75737, Paris, France
| | - Franck Molina
- Sys2Diag UMR 9005 CNRS/ALCEDIAGComplex System Modeling and Engineering for Diagnosis, Cap delta/Parc Euromédecine, 1682 rue de la Valsière CS 61003, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Claude Granier
- Sys2Diag UMR 9005 CNRS/ALCEDIAGComplex System Modeling and Engineering for Diagnosis, Cap delta/Parc Euromédecine, 1682 rue de la Valsière CS 61003, 34184, Montpellier Cedex 4, France
| | - Violaine Moreau
- CNRS, UMR5048, INSERM, U1054, Université Montpellier, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29, route de Navacelles, 34090, Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Glesner J, Kapingidza AB, Godzwon M, Offermann LR, Mueller GA, DeRose EF, Wright P, Richardson CM, Woodfolk JA, Vailes LD, Wünschmann S, London RE, Chapman MD, Ohlin M, Chruszcz M, Pomés A. A Human IgE Antibody Binding Site on Der p 2 for the Design of a Recombinant Allergen for Immunotherapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:2545-2556. [PMID: 31554696 PMCID: PMC6810898 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Der p 2 is one of the most important allergens from the house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Identification of human IgE Ab binding epitopes can be used for rational design of allergens with reduced IgE reactivity for therapy. Antigenic analysis of Der p 2 was performed by site-directed mutagenesis based on the x-ray crystal structure of the allergen in complex with a Fab from the murine IgG mAb 7A1 that binds an epitope overlapping with human IgE binding sites. Conformational changes upon Ab binding were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance using a 7A1-single-chain variable fragment. In addition, a human IgE Ab construct that interferes with mAb 7A1 binding was isolated from a combinatorial phage-display library constructed from a mite-allergic patient and expressed as two recombinant forms (single-chain Fab in Pichia pastoris and Fab in Escherichia coli). These two IgE Ab constructs and the mAb 7A1 failed to recognize two Der p 2 epitope double mutants designed to abolish the allergen-Ab interaction while preserving the fold necessary to bind Abs at other sites of the allergen surface. A 10-100-fold reduction in binding of IgE from allergic subjects to the mutants additionally showed that the residues mutated were involved in IgE Ab binding. In summary, mutagenesis of a Der p 2 epitope defined by x-ray crystallography revealed an IgE Ab binding site that will be considered for the design of hypoallergens for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill Glesner
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | | | | | | | - Geoffrey A Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | - Eugene F DeRose
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | - Paul Wright
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | | | | | - Lisa D Vailes
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | | | - Robert E London
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709; and
| | | | | | | | - Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA 22903;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Dall'Antonia F, Keller W. SPADE web service for prediction of allergen IgE epitopes. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:W496-W501. [PMID: 31066444 PMCID: PMC6602491 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific interaction of allergens with IgE antibodies and the allergen mediated cross-linking of receptor-bound IgE are key events of allergic diseases. The elucidation of the IgE binding sites (the epitopes) on the allergen surface is an important goal of allergy research. Only few allergen-specific IgE epitopes have been determined experimentally to date. Epitope prediction methods represent a viable alternative to experimental methods and have worked well with linear epitopes. However, as most IgE epitopes are of conformational and/or discontinuous nature sequence based prediction methods have had limited success in these cases. Here, we present the web server of the program SPADE (https://spade.uni-graz.at), which is the server implementation of a previously published program (1). In this approach we utilize the structural homology of cross-reactive allergens combined with the immunological cross-reactivity data for the discrimination of putative IgE-binding sites from non-cross-reactive surface patches. The method, although predictive, does not rely on machine-learning algorithms and does not require training data. The SPADE server features an easy-to-use interface, an automated pipeline consisting of third-party, as well as own, newly developed routines and a comprehensive output page.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Dall'Antonia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Unit, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Keller
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed, University of Graz, Humboldtstraße 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Identification of a natural ligand of the hazel allergen Cor a 1. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8714. [PMID: 31213622 PMCID: PMC6582051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hazelnut is one of the most frequent causes of food allergy. The major hazel allergen in Northern Europe is Cor a 1, which is homologous to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Both allergens belong to the pathogenesis related class PR-10. We determined the solution structure of Cor a 1.0401 from hazelnut and identified a natural ligand of the protein. The structure reveals the protein fold characteristic for PR-10 family members, which consists of a seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet, two short α-helices arranged in V-shape and a long C-terminal α-helix encompassing a hydrophobic pocket. However, despite the structural similarities between Cor a 1 and Bet v 1, they bind different ligands. We have shown previously that Bet v 1 binds to quercetin-3-O-sophoroside. Here, we isolated Cor a 1 from hazel pollen and identified the bound ligand, quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside, by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). NMR experiments were performed to confirm binding. Remarkably, although it has been shown that PR-10 allergens show promiscuous binding behaviour in vitro, we can demonstrate that Cor a 1.0401 and Bet v 1.0101 exhibit highly selective binding for their specific ligand but not for the respective ligand of the other allergen.
Collapse
|
29
|
New findings, pathophysiology, and antigen analysis in pollen-food allergy syndrome. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 19:218-223. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
30
|
Mueller GA, Min J, Foo ACY, Pomés A, Pedersen LC. Structural Analysis of Recent Allergen-Antibody Complexes and Future Directions. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2019; 19:17. [PMID: 30815753 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-019-0848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen-antibody complexes are extremely valuable in describing the detailed molecular features of epitopes. This review summarizes insights gained from recently published co-structures and what obstacles impede the acquisition of further data. RECENT FINDINGS Structural epitope data helped define the epitopes of two anti-Fel d 1 antibodies undergoing phase I clinical trials, providing a greater level of detail than was possible through hydrogen-deuterium exchange protection studies. Separately, a human camelid-like antibody structure with lysozyme described several unique features in a long variable loop that interacted with the active site cleft of Gal d 4. Finally, a co-structure conclusively demonstrated that Phl p 7 could function as a superantigen and that an antibody could simultaneously recognize two epitopes. These remarkable assertions would not have been possible without visualization of the complex. Only three new complexes have appeared in the last few years, suggesting that there are major impediments to traditional production and crystallization. The structural data was extremely valuable in describing epitopes. New techniques like cryo-EM may provide an alternative to crystallography.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Mueller
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive MD-MR-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Jungki Min
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive MD-MR-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Alexander C Y Foo
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive MD-MR-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lars C Pedersen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive MD-MR-01, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sutton BJ, Davies AM, Bax HJ, Karagiannis SN. IgE Antibodies: From Structure to Function and Clinical Translation. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:E19. [PMID: 31544825 PMCID: PMC6640697 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies are well known for their role in mediating allergic reactions, and their powerful effector functions activated through binding to Fc receptors FcεRI and FcεRII/CD23. Structural studies of IgE-Fc alone, and when bound to these receptors, surprisingly revealed not only an acutely bent Fc conformation, but also subtle allosteric communication between the two distant receptor-binding sites. The ability of IgE-Fc to undergo more extreme conformational changes emerged from structures of complexes with anti-IgE antibodies, including omalizumab, in clinical use for allergic disease; flexibility is clearly critical for IgE function, but may also be exploited by allosteric interference to inhibit IgE activity for therapeutic benefit. In contrast, the power of IgE may be harnessed to target cancer. Efforts to improve the effector functions of therapeutic antibodies for cancer have almost exclusively focussed on IgG1 and IgG4 subclasses, but IgE offers an extremely high affinity for FcεRI receptors on immune effector cells known to infiltrate solid tumours. Furthermore, while tumour-resident inhibitory Fc receptors can modulate the effector functions of IgG antibodies, no inhibitory IgE Fc receptors are known to exist. The development of tumour antigen-specific IgE antibodies may therefore provide an improved immune functional profile and enhanced anti-cancer efficacy. We describe proof-of-concept studies of IgE immunotherapies against solid tumours, including a range of in vitro and in vivo evaluations of efficacy and mechanisms of action, as well as ex vivo and in vivo safety studies. The first anti-cancer IgE antibody, MOv18, the clinical translation of which we discuss herein, has now reached clinical testing, offering great potential to direct this novel therapeutic modality against many other tumour-specific antigens. This review highlights how our understanding of IgE structure and function underpins these exciting clinical developments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Sutton
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Anna M Davies
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, UK.
- Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK.
| | - Heather J Bax
- King's College London, St John's Institute of Dermatology, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Takaiwa F, Ogo Y, Wakasa Y. Specific region affects the difference in accumulation levels between apple food allergen Mal d 1 and birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 which are expressed in vegetative tissues of transgenic rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:439-454. [PMID: 30350245 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Specific domain of the Mal d 1 was identified to be mainly involved in higher accumulation level in vegetative tissues of transgenic rice than the Bet v 1. Apple food allergen Mal d 1 and birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 belong to the same pathogen related protein 10 (PR10) family. When green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to either of these allergens was expressed as a secretory protein in transgenic rice by ligating an N terminal signal peptide and a C terminal KDEL ER retention signal under the control of the maize ubiquitin constitutive promoter, the GFP:Mald1 highly accumulated in various tissues, whereas accumulation level of the GFP:Betv1 was remarkably reduced in vegetative tissues except for seed. Analysis by RT-PCR exhibited that there was little difference in their transcript levels, indicating the involvement of post-transcriptional regulation. To investigate the cause of such difference in accumulation levels, deletion analysis of the Mal d 1 and domain swapping between them were carried out in transgenic rice. The results showed that the region between positions 41-90 in the Mal d 1 is predominantly implicated in higher level accumulation in vegetative tissues as well as seed as compared with the Bet v 1. The GFP:Mald1 was localized in oligomeric form within ER lumen or ER-derived particles in vegetative tissues, whereas in seed mainly deposited into novel huge ER-derived protein bodies with the size of 5-10 µm in aleurone cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Takaiwa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan.
| | - Yuko Ogo
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Yuhya Wakasa
- Plant Molecular Farming Unit, Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Owashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Q, Yang J, Bautista J, Badithe A, Olson W, Liu Y. Epitope Mapping by HDX-MS Elucidates the Surface Coverage of Antigens Associated with High Blocking Efficiency of Antibodies to Birch Pollen Allergen. Anal Chem 2018; 90:11315-11323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Janice Yang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Joannie Bautista
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Ashok Badithe
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - William Olson
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| | - Yashu Liu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, New York 10591, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goldblum RM, Madagoda-Desilva RS, Zhang Y, van Bavel J, Midoro-Horiuti T. Molecular patterns in the isotype-specific antibody responses to the major cedar aeroallergen Jun a 1. Mol Immunol 2018; 101:527-530. [PMID: 30170300 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Most studies of the immune responses in allergic rhinitis have focused on IgE antibodies to mixtures of allergenic proteins. Based on our previous studies of the major mountain cedar allergen Jun a 1, we sought to describe a broader assessment of the humoral immune responses to a single, dominant allergen, in three groups of allergic subjects, all of whom had similarly exposures to the whole cedar pollen. The major outcomes of this study was that, with the onset of allergic rhinitis symptoms, and after treatment with immunotherapy, serum IgE and IgG (but not IgA) antibodies to Jun a 1 increased. Interestingly, both IgE and IgG4 antibodies to the Jun a 1 allergen were strongly focused on its conformation epitopes. These IgG antibodies to conformationalstructures may be a useful marker of the therapeutic response to immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randall M Goldblum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
| | - Rumali S Madagoda-Desilva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
| | - Yueqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
| | - Julius van Bavel
- Isis Clinical Research, LLC., 6836 Austin Center Blvd Ste 180, Austin, TX 78731, USA.
| | - Terumi Midoro-Horiuti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Baumann K, Dashevsky D, Sunagar K, Fry B. Scratching the Surface of an Itch: Molecular Evolution of Aculeata Venom Allergens. J Mol Evol 2018; 86:484-500. [DOI: 10.1007/s00239-018-9860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
36
|
Moraes AH, Asam C, Almeida FCL, Wallner M, Ferreira F, Valente AP. Structural basis for cross-reactivity and conformation fluctuation of the major beech pollen allergen Fag s 1. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10512. [PMID: 30002383 PMCID: PMC6043577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fag s 1 is a member of the Pathogen Related protein family 10 (PR-10) and can elicit cross-reaction with IgE antibodies produced against the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) structure of Fag s 1 is presented along with its dynamic properties. It shares 66% identity with Bet v 1 and exhibits the expected three α-helices and seven β-sheets arranged as a semi-beta barrel and exposing the residues mapped as the Bet v 1 IgE epitope. The structural dynamics of Fag s 1 were monitored on the fast and intermediate timescales, using relaxation rates. The complex dynamics of Fag s 1 are closely related to the internal cavity, and they modulate IgE and ligand binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo H Moraes
- Chemistry Department, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Claudia Asam
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fabio C L Almeida
- National NMR Center, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michael Wallner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fatima Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ana Paula Valente
- National NMR Center, Department of Structural Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mitaku S, Sawada R. Biological meaning of "habitable zone" in nucleotide composition space. Biophys Physicobiol 2018; 15:75-85. [PMID: 29892513 PMCID: PMC5992858 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.15.0_75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms generally display two contrasting properties: large biodiversity and a uniform state of "life". In this study, we focused on the question of how genome sequences describe "life" where a large number of biomolecules are harmonized. We analyzed the whole genome sequence of 2664 organisms, paying attention to the nucleotide composition which is an intensive parameter from the genome sequence. The results showed that all organisms were plotted in narrow regions of the nucleotide composition space of the first and second letters of the codon. Since all genome sequences overlap irrespective of the living environment, it can be called a "habitable zone". The habitable zone deviates by 500 times the standard deviation from the nucleotide composition expected from the random sequence, indicating that unexpectedly rare sequences are realized. Furthermore, we found that the habitable zones at the first and second letters of the codon serve as the background mechanisms for the functional network of biological systems. The habitable zone at the second letter of the codon controls the formation of transmembrane regions and the habitable zone at the first letter controls the formation of molecular recognition unit. These analyses showed that the habitable zone of the nucleotide composition space and the exquisite arrangement of amino acids in the codon table are conjugated to form biological systems. Finally, we discussed the evolution of the higher order of genome sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Mitaku
- Emeritus Professor of Nagoya University, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-0021, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Sawada
- Division of System Cohort, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brier S, Le Mignon M, Jain K, Lebrun C, Peurois F, Kellenberger C, Bordas-Le Floch V, Mascarell L, Nony E, Moingeon P. Characterization of epitope specificities of reference antibodies used for the quantification of the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Allergy 2018; 73:1032-1040. [PMID: 29171882 DOI: 10.1111/all.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate allergen quantification is needed to document the consistency of allergen extracts used for immunotherapy. Herein, we characterize the epitope specificities of two monoclonal antibodies used in an ELISA for the quantification of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, established as a reference by the BSP090 European project. METHODS The ability of mAbs 5B4 and 6H4 to recognize Bet v 1 isoforms was addressed by immunochromatography. The capacity of each mAb to compete with patients' IgE for binding to Bet v 1 was measured by ELISA inhibition. Epitope mapping was performed by pepscan analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The 5B4 epitope corresponds to a peptide sequence (I56-K68) overlapping with the binding sites of patients' serum IgEs. Mutation of residues P59, E60, and K65 abolishes 5B4 binding to Bet v 1 and reduces the level of IgE recognition. In contrast, 6H4 recognizes a conformational epitope lying opposite to the 5B4 binding site, involving residues located in segments I44-K55 and R70-F79. Substitution of E45 reduces the binding capacity of 6H4, confirming that it is critical for the interaction. Both mAbs interact with >90% of Bet v 1 content present in the birch pollen extract, while displaying a weak cross-reactivity with other allergens of the PR-10 family. CONCLUSIONS MAbs 5B4 and 6H4 recognize structurally distinct epitopes present in the vast majority of Bet v 1 isoforms. These results support the relevance as a reference method of the Bet v 1-specific quantitative ELISA adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Brier
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - M. Le Mignon
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - K. Jain
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - C. Lebrun
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - F. Peurois
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | | | | | - L. Mascarell
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - E. Nony
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| | - P. Moingeon
- Research Department; Stallergenes Greer; Antony Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen F, Liu H, Sun H, Pan P, Li Y, Li D, Hou T. Assessing the performance of the MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods. 6. Capability to predict protein-protein binding free energies and re-rank binding poses generated by protein-protein docking. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:22129-39. [PMID: 27444142 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03670h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is quite important to elucidate crucial biological processes and even design compounds that interfere with PPIs with pharmaceutical significance. Protein-protein docking can afford the atomic structural details of protein-protein complexes, but the accurate prediction of the three-dimensional structures for protein-protein systems is still notoriously difficult due in part to the lack of an ideal scoring function for protein-protein docking. Compared with most scoring functions used in protein-protein docking, the Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) and Molecular Mechanics/Poisson Boltzmann Surface Area (MM/PBSA) methodologies are more theoretically rigorous, but their overall performance for the predictions of binding affinities and binding poses for protein-protein systems has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we first evaluated the performance of MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA to predict the binding affinities for 46 protein-protein complexes. On the whole, different force fields, solvation models, and interior dielectric constants have obvious impacts on the prediction accuracy of MM/GBSA and MM/PBSA. The MM/GBSA calculations based on the ff02 force field, the GB model developed by Onufriev et al. and a low interior dielectric constant (εin = 1) yield the best correlation between the predicted binding affinities and the experimental data (rp = -0.647), which is better than MM/PBSA (rp = -0.523) and a number of empirical scoring functions used in protein-protein docking (rp = -0.141 to -0.529). Then, we examined the capability of MM/GBSA to identify the possible near-native binding structures from the decoys generated by ZDOCK for 43 protein-protein systems. The results illustrate that the MM/GBSA rescoring has better capability to distinguish the correct binding structures from the decoys than the ZDOCK scoring. Besides, the optimal interior dielectric constant of MM/GBSA for re-ranking docking poses may be determined by analyzing the characteristics of protein-protein binding interfaces. Considering the relatively high prediction accuracy and low computational cost, MM/GBSA may be a good choice for predicting the binding affinities and identifying correct binding structures for protein-protein systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Hui Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Huiyong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Peichen Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China. and State Key Lab of CAD&CG, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mueller GA. Contributions and Future Directions for Structural Biology in the Study of Allergens. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 174:57-66. [PMID: 28992615 DOI: 10.1159/000481078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergy is defined as an inappropriate immune response to something normally considered harmless. The symptomatic immune response is driven by IgE antibodies directed against allergens. The study of allergens has contributed significantly to our understanding of allergic disease in 3 main areas. First, identifying allergens as the cause of symptoms and developing allergen standards has led to many advances in exposure assessment and patient diagnostics. Second, a biochemical understanding of allergens has suggested a number of hypotheses related to the mechanisms of allergic sensitization. And finally, studies of allergen-antibody interactions have contributed to understanding the cross-reactivity of allergens, mapping patient epitopes, and the development of hypoallergens. In this review, a few select cases are highlighted where structural biology, in particular, has contributed significantly to allergen research and provided new avenues for investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Mueller
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alessandri C, Ferrara R, Bernardi ML, Zennaro D, Tuppo L, Giangrieco I, Tamburrini M, Mari A, Ciardiello MA. Diagnosing allergic sensitizations in the third millennium: why clinicians should know allergen molecule structures. Clin Transl Allergy 2017; 7:21. [PMID: 28725346 PMCID: PMC5513363 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-017-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnostic tests to detect allergic sensitization were introduced at the end of the nineteenth century but only in the late 1990s did the advent of molecular allergology revolutionize the approach to the allergic patient. Personalized Medicine, a medical procedure that separates patients into different groups with different medical decisions, practices and interventions has sanctioned this change. In fact, in the last few years molecular allergology and the observation that not every patient has the same allergic profile, even when allergic to the same allergenic source, has originated the concept "one size does not fit all". This new approach requires the identification of still unknown allergens, but also the more detailed investigation of those already known. In depth studies of the structure-function relationships in allergenic molecules can reveal the structural determinants involved in the IgE-binding. Then, the knowledge of the epitope profile of each allergen and of the environmental/experimental conditions affecting the exposure of IgE-binding epitopes can provide important contributions to the understanding of cross-reaction processes and to the improvement of diagnosis, immunotherapy and the overall patient treatment. The evolution of diagnostic systems cannot ignore these new needs in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Alessandri
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - R Ferrara
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - M L Bernardi
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - D Zennaro
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy
| | - L Tuppo
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - I Giangrieco
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - M Tamburrini
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - A Mari
- CAAM - Centri Associati di Allergologia Molecolare, Rome, Italy.,Allergy Data Laboratories s.c., Latina, Italy
| | - M A Ciardiello
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - IBBR-CNR, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Negi SS, Braun W. Cross-React: a new structural bioinformatics method for predicting allergen cross-reactivity. Bioinformatics 2017; 33:1014-1020. [PMID: 28062447 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btw767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins plays an important role to understand how the immune system recognizes different antigen proteins. Allergen proteins are known to cross-react if their sequence comparison shows a high sequence identity which also implies that the proteins have a similar 3D fold. In such cases, linear sequence alignment methods are frequently used to predict cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins. However, the prediction of cross-reactivity between distantly related allergens continues to be a challenging task. To overcome this problem, we developed a new structure-based computational method, Cross-React, to predict cross-reactivity between allergenic proteins available in the Structural Database of Allergens (SDAP). Our method is based on the hypothesis that we can find surface patches on 3D structures of potential allergens with amino acid compositions similar to an epitope in a known allergen. We applied the Cross-React method to a diverse set of seven allergens, and successfully identified several cross-reactive allergens with high to moderate sequence identity which have also been experimentally shown to cross-react. Based on these findings, we suggest that Cross-React can be used as a predictive tool to assess protein allergenicity and cross-reactivity. Availability and Implementation : Cross-React is available at: http://curie.utmb.edu/Cross-React.html. Contact ssnegi@utmb.edu.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ahammer L, Grutsch S, Kamenik AS, Liedl KR, Tollinger M. Structure of the Major Apple Allergen Mal d 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1606-1612. [PMID: 28161953 PMCID: PMC5334782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
More than 70% of birch pollen-allergic patients develop allergic cross-reactions to the major allergen found in apple fruits (Malus domestica), the 17.5 kDa protein Mal d 1. Allergic reactions against this protein result from initial sensitization to the major allergen from birch pollen, Bet v 1. Immunologic cross-reactivity of Bet v 1-specific IgE antibodies with Mal d 1 after apple consumption can subsequently provoke severe oral allergic syndromes. This study presents the three-dimensional NMR solution structure of Mal d 1 (isoform Mal d 1.0101, initially cloned from 'Granny Smith' apples). This protein is composed of a seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet and three α-helices that form a large internal cavity, similar to Bet v 1 and other cross-reactive food allergens. The Mal d 1 structure provides the basis for elucidating the details of allergic cross-reactivity between birch pollen and apple allergens on a molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ahammer
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sarina Grutsch
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna S. Kamenik
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular
Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University
of Innsbruck, Innrain
80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus R. Liedl
- Institute
of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular
Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University
of Innsbruck, Innrain
80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wangorsch A, Jamin A, Lidholm J, Gräni N, Lang C, Ballmer-Weber B, Vieths S, Scheurer S. Identification and implication of an allergenic PR-10 protein from walnut in birch pollen associated walnut allergy. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28070926 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE English walnut (Juglans regia) belongs to the most important allergenic tree nuts. Co-sensitization with birch (Betula verrucosa) pollen has been reported. We aimed to identify a walnut allergen homologous to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. METHODS AND RESULTS A cDNA encoding a Bet v 1-homologous allergen (Jug r 5) in walnut kernels was cloned by RT-PCR. Jug r 5 was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified by column chromatography and characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Specific IgE levels to walnut, Bet v 1, and Jug r 5 in birch pollen allergics (n = 16) with concomitant walnut allergy were measured by ImmunoCAP: 44% of the patients were tested positive to walnut while 94% were reactive to Jug r 5, and 100% to Bet v 1. Jug r 5 and Bet v 1 allergens showed bidirectional IgE cross-reactivity by competitive ELISA and were capable of inducing histamine release from effector cells. Immunoblot competition experiments demonstrated the presence of IgE-reactive Jug r 5 in walnut extract, but at low levels. CONCLUSION A Bet v 1-like allergen was identified in walnut. Diagnostic use of Jug r 5 will compensate for the low sensitivity of walnut extract for patients with birch pollen associated walnut allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wangorsch
- VPr1 Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Annette Jamin
- VPr1 Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Nora Gräni
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lang
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Ballmer-Weber
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Center of Dermatology and Allergology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Vieths
- VPr1 Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Stephan Scheurer
- VPr1 Research Group Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Havenith H, Kern K, Rautenberger P, Spiegel H, Szardenings M, Ueberham E, Lehmann J, Buntru M, Vogel S, Treudler R, Fischer R, Schillberg S. Combination of two epitope identification techniques enables the rational design of soy allergen Gly m 4 mutants. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 27906504 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Detailed IgE-binding epitope analysis is a key requirement for the understanding and development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to address food allergies. An IgE-specific linear peptide microarray with random phage peptide display for the high-resolution mapping of IgE-binding epitopes of the major soybean allergen Gly m 4, which is a homologue to the birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 is combined. Three epitopes are identified and mapped to a resolution of four key amino acids, allowing the rational design and the production of three Gly m 4 mutants with the aim to abolish or reduce the binding of epitope-specific IgE. In ELISA, the binding of the mutant allergens to polyclonal rabbit-anti Gly m 4 serum as well as IgE purified from Gly m 4-reactive soybean allergy patient sera is reduced by up to 63% compared to the wild-type allergen. Basophil stimulation experiments using RBL-SX38 cells loaded with patient IgE are showed a decreased stimulation from 25% for the wild-type Gly m 4 to 13% for one mutant. The presented approach demonstrates the feasibility of precise mapping of allergy-related IgE-binding epitopes, allowing the rational design of less allergenic mutants as potential therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heide Havenith
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karolin Kern
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paul Rautenberger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Elke Ueberham
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology IZI, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Buntru
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon Vogel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - Regina Treudler
- Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Clinic, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Phytopathology and Applied Zoology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Groh N, von Loetzen CS, Subbarayal B, Möbs C, Vogel L, Hoffmann A, Fötisch K, Koutsouridou A, Randow S, Völker E, Seutter von Loetzen A, Rösch P, Vieths S, Pfützner W, Bohle B, Schiller D. IgE and allergen-specific immunotherapy-induced IgG 4 recognize similar epitopes of Bet v 1, the major allergen of birch pollen. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 47:693-703. [PMID: 27770477 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) with birch pollen generates Bet v 1-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G4 which blocks IgE-mediated hypersensitivity mechanisms. Whether IgG4 specific for Bet v 1a competes with IgE for identical epitopes or whether novel epitope specificities of IgG4 antibodies are developed is under debate. OBJECTIVE We sought to analyze the epitope specificities of IgE and IgG4 antibodies from sera of patients who received AIT. METHODS 15 sera of patients (13/15 received AIT) with Bet v 1a-specific IgE and IgG4 were analyzed. The structural arrangements of recombinant (r)Bet v 1a and rBet v 1a_11x , modified in five potential epitopes, were analyzed by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. IgE binding to Bet v 1 was assessed by ELISA and mediator release assays. Competitive binding of monoclonal antibodies specific for Bet v 1a and serum IgE/IgG4 to rBet v 1a and serum antibody binding to a non-allergenic Bet v 1-type model protein presenting an individual epitope for IgE was analyzed in ELISA and western blot. RESULTS rBet v 1a_11x had a Bet v 1a - similar secondary and tertiary structure. Monomeric dispersion of rBet v 1a_11x was concentration and buffer-dependent. Up to 1500-fold increase in the EC50 for IgE-mediated mediator release induced by rBet v 1a_11x was determined. The reduction of IgE and IgG4 binding to rBet v 1a_11x was comparable in 67% (10/15) of sera. Bet v 1a-specific monoclonal antibodies inhibited binding of serum IgE and IgG4 to 66.1% and 64.9%, respectively. Serum IgE and IgG4 bound specifically to an individual epitope presented by our model protein in 33% (5/15) of sera. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Patients receiving AIT develop Bet v 1a-specific IgG4 which competes with IgE for partly identical or largely overlapping epitopes. The similarities of epitopes for IgE and IgG4 might stimulate the development of epitope-specific diagnostics and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Groh
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - C S von Loetzen
- Department of Biopolymers, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - B Subbarayal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Möbs
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - L Vogel
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - A Hoffmann
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - K Fötisch
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - A Koutsouridou
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - S Randow
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - E Völker
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - P Rösch
- Department of Biopolymers, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - W Pfützner
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - B Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research and Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Schiller
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Husslik F, Nürnberg J, Seutter von Loetzen C, Mews T, Ballmer-Weber BK, Kleine-Tebbe J, Treudler R, Simon JC, Randow S, Völker E, Reuter A, Rösch P, Vieths S, Holzhauser T, Schiller D. The conformational IgE epitope profile of soya bean allergen Gly m 4. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:1484-1497. [PMID: 27533495 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Birch pollen-related soya allergy is mediated by Gly m 4. Conformational IgE epitopes of Gly m 4 are unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify the IgE epitope profile of Gly m 4 in subjects with birch pollen-related soya allergy utilizing an epitope library presented by Gly m 4-type model proteins. METHODS Sera from patients with (n = 26) and without (n = 19) allergy to soya as determined by oral provocation tests were studied. Specific IgE (Bet v 1/Gly m 4) was determined by ImmunoCAP. A library of 59 non-allergenic Gly m 4-type model proteins harbouring individual and multiple putative epitopes for IgE was tested in IgE binding assays. Primary, secondary and tertiary protein structures were assessed by mass spectrometry, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS All subjects were sensitized to Gly m 4 and Bet v 1. Allergen-specific serum IgE levels ranged from 0.94 to > 100 kUA /L. The avidities of serum IgE were 5.06 ng (allergic) and 1.8 ng (tolerant) as determined by EC50 for IgE binding to Gly m 4. 96% (46/48) of the protein variants bound IgE. Model proteins had Gly m 4-type conformation and individual IgE binding clustered in six major surface areas. Gly m 4-specific IgE binding could be inhibited to up to 80% by model proteins harbouring individual IgE binding sites in an epitope-wise equimolar fashion. Receiver operating curve analysis revealed an area under fitted curve of up to 0.88 for model proteins and 0.66 for Gly m 4. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Serum levels and avidity of Gly m 4-specific IgE do not correlate with clinical reactivity to soya. Six IgE-binding areas, represented by 23 amino acids, account for more than 80% of total IgE binding capacity of Gly m 4. Model proteins may be used for epitope-resolved diagnosis to differentiate birch-soya allergy from clinical tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Husslik
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - J Nürnberg
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - T Mews
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - B K Ballmer-Weber
- Centre for Dermatology and Allergology, Kantonsspital Luzern, Luzern, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - R Treudler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J-C Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S Randow
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - E Völker
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - A Reuter
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - P Rösch
- Department of Biopolymers, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S Vieths
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - T Holzhauser
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - D Schiller
- Division of Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The Cloning and Expression of Human Monoclonal Antibodies: Implications for Allergen Immunotherapy. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2016; 16:15. [PMID: 26780523 PMCID: PMC4715835 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-015-0588-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Allergic responses are dependent on the highly specific effector functions of IgE antibodies. Conversely, antibodies that block the activity of IgE can mediate tolerance to allergen. Technologies that harness the unparalleled specificity of antibody responses have revolutionized the way that we diagnose and treat human disease. This area of research continues to advance at a rapid pace and has had a significant impact on our understanding of allergic disease. This review will present an overview of humoral responses and provide an up-to-date summary of technologies used in the generation of human monoclonal antibodies. The impact that monoclonal antibodies have on allergic disease will be discussed, with a particular focus on allergen immunotherapy, which remains the only form of treatment that can modulate the underlying immune mechanisms and induce long-term clinical tolerance.
Collapse
|
49
|
Grutsch S, Fuchs JE, Freier R, Kofler S, Bibi M, Asam C, Wallner M, Ferreira F, Brandstetter H, Liedl KR, Tollinger M. Ligand binding modulates the structural dynamics and compactness of the major birch pollen allergen. Biophys J 2016; 107:2972-2981. [PMID: 25517162 PMCID: PMC4269767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis-related plant proteins of class-10 (PR-10) are essential for storage and transport of small molecules. A prominent member of the PR-10 family, the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, is the main cause of spring pollinosis in the temperate climate zone of the northern hemisphere. Bet v 1 binds various ligand molecules to its internal cavity, and immunologic effects of the presence of ligand have been discussed. However, the mechanism of binding has remained elusive. In this study, we show that in solution Bet v 1.0101 is conformationally heterogeneous and cannot be represented by a single structure. NMR relaxation data suggest that structural dynamics are fundamental for ligand access to the protein interior. Complex formation then leads to significant rigidification of the protein along with a compaction of its 3D structure. The data presented herein provide a structural basis for understanding the immunogenic and allergenic potential of ligand binding to Bet v 1 allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Grutsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julian E Fuchs
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Regina Freier
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Stefan Kofler
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marium Bibi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Asam
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael Wallner
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Fátima Ferreira
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Klaus R Liedl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Tollinger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Franz-Oberdorf K, Eberlein B, Edelmann K, Hücherig S, Besbes F, Darsow U, Ring J, Schwab W. Fra a 1.02 Is the Most Potent Isoform of the Bet v 1-like Allergen in Strawberry Fruit. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:3688-96. [PMID: 27086707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The strawberry fruit proteins Fra a 1.01E-1.08 are homologues of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Three of the proteins are known to have essential biological functions in pigment formation during fruit ripening and seem to be responsible for allergic reactions to strawberry fruit. We evaluated the cross-reactive allergenic potential of these putative strawberry allergens in patients allergic to birch pollen. Activation of basophils of eight atopic patients was studied using different concentrations of Fra a 1 isoforms. Bet v 1a was used as control and as atopic patient selection criterion. Although Fra a 1.01E-1.08 have amino acid sequence identities of 74.5-97.5% with Fra a 1.02, the basophil activation mediated by the eight Fra a 1 proteins differed substantially. Fra a 1.03 and Fra a 1.02 showed the highest activation of basophils, 73 and 66% of total basophils, respectively. On the basis of the high relative expression of the gene Fra a 1.02 in ripe strawberry fruits of allergenic varieties, Fra a 1.02 was identified as the main strawberry allergen of the Bet v 1 superfamily. Knowledge of the allergenic potential of Fra a 1.02/1.03 will help to improve food safety and can serve as a valuable marker for the development of red-fruited hypoallergenic strawberry cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Franz-Oberdorf
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| | - Bernadette Eberlein
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Kathrin Edelmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hücherig
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| | - Fatma Besbes
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| | - Ulf Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Johannes Ring
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München , München, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München , Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|