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Anang V, Singh A, Kottarath SK, Verma C. Receptors of immune cells mediates recognition for tumors. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:219-267. [PMID: 36631194 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the immune system has been steered toward eradication of cancer cells with the help of cancer immunotherapy. T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, T-reg cells, and natural killer (NK) cells are some of the numerous immune cell types that play a significant part in cancer cell detection and reduction of inflammation, and the antitumor response. Briefly stated, chimeric antigen receptors, adoptive transfer and immune checkpoint modulators are currently the subjects of research focus for successful immunotherapy-based treatments for a variety of cancers. This chapter discusses ongoing investigations on the mechanisms and recent developments by which receptors of immune cells especially that of lymphocytes and monocytes/macrophages regulate the detection of immune system leading to malignancies. We will also be looking into the treatment strategies based on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Anang
- International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sarat Kumar Kottarath
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Huston, TX, United States.
| | - Chaitenya Verma
- Department of Pathology, Wexner Medical Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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2
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Wei W, Li Y. TCR engineered T cells for solid tumor immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2022; 11:38. [PMID: 35725570 PMCID: PMC9210724 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell immunotherapy remains an attractive approach for cancer immunotherapy. T cell immunotherapy mainly employs chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)- and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells. CAR-T cell therapy has been an essential breakthrough in treating hematological malignancies. TCR-T cells can recognize antigens expressed both on cell surfaces and in intracellular compartments. Although TCR-T cells have not been approved for clinical application, a number of clinical trials have been performed, particularly for solid tumors. In this article, we summarized current TCR-T cell advances and their potential advantages for solid tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikai Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China.,Guangdong Cord blood bank, Guangzhou, 510663, China.,Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huang Pu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhipeng Liu
- Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China.,Guangdong Cord blood bank, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, China. .,Guangdong Cord blood bank, Guangzhou, 510663, China.
| | - Yangqiu Li
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China. .,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huang Pu Da Dao Xi, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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3
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Ping Y, Liu C, Zhang Y. T-cell receptor-engineered T cells for cancer treatment: current status and future directions. Protein Cell 2017; 9:254-266. [PMID: 28108950 PMCID: PMC5829268 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-016-0367-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells are a novel option for adoptive cell therapy used for the treatment of several advanced forms of cancer. Work using TCR-engineered T cells began more than two decades ago, with numerous preclinical studies showing that such cells could mediate tumor lysis and eradication. The success of these trials provided the foundation for clinical trials, including recent clinical successes using TCR-engineered T cells to target New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (NY-ESO-1). These successes demonstrate the potential of this approach to treat cancer. In this review, we provide a perspective on the current and future applications of TCR-engineered T cells for the treatment of cancer. Our summary focuses on TCR activation and both pre-clinical and clinical applications of TCR-engineered T cells. We also discuss how to enhance the function of TCR-engineered T cells and prolong their longevity in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chaojun Liu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China. .,Engineering Key Laboratory for Cell Therapy of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Xue SA, Gao L, Ahmadi M, Ghorashian S, Barros RD, Pospori C, Holler A, Wright G, Thomas S, Topp M, Morris EC, Stauss HJ. Human MHC Class I-restricted high avidity CD4 + T cells generated by co-transfer of TCR and CD8 mediate efficient tumor rejection in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e22590. [PMID: 23483821 PMCID: PMC3583927 DOI: 10.4161/onci.22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we generated human MHC Class I-restricted CD4+ T cells specific for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), two herpesviridae associated with lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and medulloblastoma, respectively. Retroviral transfer of virus-specific, HLA-A2-restricted TCR-coding genes generated CD4+ T cells that recognized HLA-A2/peptide multimers and produced cytokines when stimulated with MHC Class II-deficient cells presenting the relevant viral peptides in the context of HLA-A2. Peptide titration revealed that CD4+ T cells had a 10-fold lower avidity than CD8+ T cells expressing the same TCR. The impaired avidity of CD4+ T cells was corrected by simultaneously transferring TCR- and CD8-coding genes. The CD8 co-receptor did not alter the cytokine signature of CD4+ T cells, which remained distinct from that of CD8+ T cells. Using the xenogeneic NOD/SCID mouse model, we demonstrated that human CD4+ T cells expressing a specific TCR and CD8 can confer efficient protection against the growth of tumors expressing the EBV or CMV antigens recognized by the TCR. In summary, we describe a robust approach for generating therapeutic CD4+ T cells capable of providing MHC Class I-restricted immunity against MHC Class II-negative tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-An Xue
- Department of Immunology; University College London; Royal Free Hospital; London, United Kingdom
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5
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RNAi-mediated TCR knockdown prevents autoimmunity in mice caused by mixed TCR dimers following TCR gene transfer. Mol Ther 2014; 22:1983-91. [PMID: 25048215 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2014.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetically modified T cells that express a transduced T cell receptor (TCR) α/β heterodimer in addition to their endogenous TCR are used in clinical studies to treat cancer. These cells express two TCR-α and two TCR-β chains that do not only compete for CD3 proteins but also form potentially self-reactive mixed TCR dimers, composed of endogenous and transferred chains. To overcome these deficits, we developed an RNAi-TCR replacement vector that simultaneously silences the endogenous TCR and expresses an RNAi-resistant TCR. Transduction of the virus-specific P14 TCR without RNAi resulted in unequal P14 TCR-α and -β chain surface levels, indicating heterodimerization with endogenous TCR chains. Such unequal expression was also observed following TCR gene optimization. Equal surface levels of the introduced TCR chains were however achieved by silencing the endogenous TCR. Importantly, all mice that received cells transduced with the native or optimized P14 TCR developed lethal TCR gene transfer-induced graft-versus-host-disease (TI-GVHD) due to formation of mixed TCR dimers. In contrast, TI-GVHD was almost completely prevented when using the RNAi-TCR replacement vector. Our data demonstrate that RNAi-assisted TCR replacement reduces the formation of mixed TCR dimers, and thereby significantly reduces the risk of TI-GVHD in TCR gene therapy.
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Klippel ZK, Chou J, Towlerton AM, Voong LN, Robbins P, Bensinger WI, Warren EH. Immune escape from NY-ESO-1-specific T-cell therapy via loss of heterozygosity in the MHC. Gene Ther 2014; 21:337-42. [PMID: 24451117 PMCID: PMC4040020 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2013.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy of tumors with T cells specific for the cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1 has shown great promise in preclinical models and in early stage clinical trials. Tumor persistence or recurrence after NY-ESO-1-specific therapy occurs, however, and the mechanisms of recurrence remain poorly defined. In a murine xenograft model of NY-ESO-1+ multiple myeloma, we observed tumor recurrence after adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells genetically redirected to the prototypic NY-ESO-1157-165 peptide presented by HLA-A*02:01. Analysis of the myeloma cells that had escaped from T cell control revealed intact expression of NY-ESO-1 and B2M, but selective, complete loss of HLA-A*02:01 expression from the cell surface. Loss of heterozygosity in the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) involving the HLA-A locus was identified in the tumor cells, and further analysis revealed selective loss of the allele encoding HLA-A*02:01. Although loss of heterozygosity involving the MHC has not been described in myeloma patients with persistent or recurrent disease after immune therapies such as allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), it has been described in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia who relapsed after allogeneic HCT. These results suggest that MHC loss should be evaluated in patients with myeloma and other cancers who relapse after adoptive NY-ESO-1-specific T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z K Klippel
- 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Chou
- 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A M Towlerton
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L N Voong
- 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Robbins
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W I Bensinger
- 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E H Warren
- 1] Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Fujio K, Okamura T, Okamoto A, Yamamoto K. T-cell receptor- and anti-inflammatory gene-modulated T cells as therapy for autoimmune disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:883-90. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.6.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sumitomo S, Fujio K, Okamura T, Morita K, Ishigaki K, Suzukawa K, Kanaya K, Kondo K, Yamasoba T, Furukawa A, Kitahara N, Shoda H, Shibuya M, Okamoto A, Yamamoto K. Transcription factor early growth response 3 is associated with the TGF-β1 expression and the regulatory activity of CD4-positive T cells in vivo. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2351-9. [PMID: 23904169 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
TGF-β1 is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, and several regulatory T cell (Treg) subsets including CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs and Th3 cells have been reported to exert regulatory activity via the production of TGF-β1. However, it has not yet been elucidated which transcription factor is involved in TGF-β1 transcription. Early growth response 3 (Egr-3) is a zinc-finger transcription factor that creates and maintains T cell anergy. In this study, we found that Egr-3 induces the expression of TGF-β1 in both murine and human CD4(+) T cells. Egr-3 overexpression in murine CD4(+) T cells induced the production of TGF-β1 and enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT3, which is associated with TGF-β1 transcription. Moreover, Egr-3 conferred Ag-specific regulatory activity on murine CD4(+) T cells. In collagen-induced arthritis and delayed-type hypersensitivity model mice, Egr-3-transduced CD4(+) T cells exhibited significant regulatory activity in vivo. In particular, the suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity depended on TGF-β1. In human tonsils, we found that CD4(+)CD25(-)CD45RO(-)lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG3)(-) T cells express membrane-bound TGF-β1 in an EGR3-dependent manner. Gene-expression analysis revealed that CD4(+)CD25(-)CD45RO(-)LAG3(-) T cells are quite different from conventional CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs. Intriguingly, the CD4(+)CD25(-)CD45RO(-)LAG3(-) T cells suppressed graft-versus-host disease in immunodeficient mice transplanted with human PBMCs. Our results suggest that Egr-3 is a transcription factor associated with TGF-β1 expression and in vivo regulatory activity in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Sumitomo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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9
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Digiusto DL, Kiem HP. Current translational and clinical practices in hematopoietic cell and gene therapy. Cytotherapy 2013; 14:775-90. [PMID: 22799276 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.694420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials over the last 15 years have demonstrated that cell and gene therapies for cancer, monogenic and infectious disease are feasible and can lead to long-term benefit for patients. However, these trials have been limited to proof-of-principle and were conducted on modest numbers of patients or over long periods of time. In order for these studies to move towards standard practice and commercialization, scalable technologies for the isolation, ex vivo manipulation and delivery of these cells to patients must be developed. Additionally, regulatory strategies and clinical protocols for the collection, creation and delivery of cell products must be generated. In this article we review recent progress in hematopoietic cell and gene therapy, describe some of the current issues facing the field and discuss clinical, technical and regulatory approaches used to navigate the road to product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Digiusto
- Department of Virology and Laboratory for Cellular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, USA.
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11
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TCR gene transfer: MAGE-C2/HLA-A2 and MAGE-A3/HLA-DP4 epitopes as melanoma-specific immune targets. Clin Dev Immunol 2012; 2012:586314. [PMID: 22400038 PMCID: PMC3287115 DOI: 10.1155/2012/586314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive therapy with TCR gene-engineered T cells provides an attractive and feasible treatment option for cancer patients. Further development of TCR gene therapy requires the implementation of T-cell target epitopes that prevent “on-target” reactivity towards healthy tissues and at the same time direct a clinically effective response towards tumor tissues. Candidate epitopes that meet these criteria are MAGE-C2336-344/HLA-A2 (MC2/A2) and MAGE-A3243-258/HLA-DP4 (MA3/DP4). We molecularly characterized TCRαβ genes of an MC2/A2-specific CD8 and MA3/DP4-specific CD4 T-cell clone derived from melanoma patients who responded clinically to MAGE vaccination. We identified MC2/A2 and MA3/DP4-specific TCR-Vα3/Vβ28 and TCR-Vα38/Vβ2 chains and validated these TCRs in vitro upon gene transfer into primary human T cells. The MC2 and MA3 TCR were surface-expressed and mediated CD8 T-cell functions towards melanoma cell lines and CD4 T-cell functions towards dendritic cells, respectively. We intend to start testing these MAGE-specific TCRs in phase I clinical trial.
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12
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Merhavi-Shoham E, Haga-Friedman A, Cohen CJ. Genetically modulating T-cell function to target cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2011; 22:14-22. [PMID: 22210183 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The adoptive transfer of tumor-specific T-lymphocytes holds promise for the treatment of metastatic cancer. Genetic modulation of T-lymphocytes using TCR transfer with tumor-specific TCR genes is an attractive strategy to generate anti-tumor response, especially against large solid tumors. Recently, several clinical trials have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of this approach which lead to impressive tumor regression in cancer patients. Still, several factors may hinder the clinical benefit of this approach, such as the type of cells to modulate, the vector configuration or the safety of the procedure. In the present review we will aim at giving an overview of the recent developments related to the immune modulation of the anti-tumor adaptive response using genetically engineered lymphocytes and will also elaborate the development of other genetic modifications to enhance their anti-tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Merhavi-Shoham
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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Barsov EV, Trivett MT, Minang JT, Sun H, Ohlen C, Ott DE. Transduction of SIV-specific TCR genes into rhesus macaque CD8+ T cells conveys the ability to suppress SIV replication. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23703. [PMID: 21886812 PMCID: PMC3160320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SIV/rhesus macaque model for HIV/AIDS is a powerful system for examining the contribution of T cells in the control of AIDS viruses. To better our understanding of CD8(+) T-cell control of SIV replication in CD4(+) T cells, we asked whether TCRs isolated from rhesus macaque CD8(+) T-cell clones that exhibited varying abilities to suppress SIV replication could convey their suppressive properties to CD8(+) T cells obtained from an uninfected/unvaccinated animal. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We transferred SIV-specific TCR genes isolated from rhesus macaque CD8(+) T-cell clones with varying abilities to suppress SIV replication in vitro into CD8(+) T cells obtained from an uninfected animal by retroviral transduction. After sorting and expansion, transduced CD8(+) T-cell lines were obtained that specifically bound their cognate SIV tetramer. These cell lines displayed appropriate effector function and specificity, expressing intracellular IFNγ upon peptide stimulation. Importantly, the SIV suppression properties of the transduced cell lines mirrored those of the original TCR donor clones: cell lines expressing TCRs transferred from highly suppressive clones effectively reduced wild-type SIV replication, while expression of a non-suppressing TCR failed to reduce the spread of virus. However, all TCRs were able to suppress the replication of an SIV mutant that did not downregulate MHC-I, recapitulating the properties of their donor clones. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that antigen-specific SIV suppression can be transferred between allogenic T cells simply by TCR gene transfer. This advance provides a platform for examining the contributions of TCRs versus the intrinsic effector characteristics of T-cell clones in virus suppression. Additionally, this approach can be applied to develop non-human primate models to evaluate adoptive T-cell transfer therapy for AIDS and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene V. Barsov
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Trivett
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jacob T. Minang
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Haosi Sun
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Claes Ohlen
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David E. Ott
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
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Human T cells expressing affinity-matured TCR display accelerated responses but fail to recognize low density of MHC-peptide antigen. Blood 2011; 118:319-29. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-12-326736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We have tested whether affinity-matured TCRs that retain peptide specificity improve the ability of primary human CD8+ T cells to mount antigen-specific responses. We found that TCR affinity correlated with the speed of T-cell responses. High affinity TCR–antigen interactions rapidly initiated T-cell responses, but low affinity TCR/antigen interactions required longer time periods to elicit the same responses. Within the “natural” affinity range, increased TCR-to-antigen affinity correlated with improved ability of T cells to recognize low concentration of antigen. However, affinity-matured TCR with 700-fold enhanced affinity for MHC-to-antigen required 100-fold higher antigen-density to initiate T-cell responses than did wild-type TCR. Using modified peptides to reduce the affinity of TCR-to-antigen interaction, we demonstrate that affinity-matured TCRs are not defective, being superior to wild-type TCR in recognizing low concentration of modified peptides. These data indicate that enhancing TCR affinity can accelerate the speed of T-cell activation and reduce the ability to recognize low density of MHC-to-peptide antigen. We predict that future studies of the human T-cell repertoire will reveal 2 types of low avidity T cells: fast and slow responders, with high-affinity and low-affinity TCR, respectively.
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Labarriere N, Khammari A, Lang F, Dreno B. Is antigen specificity the key to efficient adoptive T-cell therapy? Immunotherapy 2011; 3:495-505. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.11.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T cells remains a promising approach in melanoma. Initial clinical trials performed with polyclonal tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte gave limited clinical results. Nonetheless, encouraging results have been reported in adjuvant setting (stage III melanoma), and when tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were associated with lymphodepleting regimens. Specificity of adoptive cell therapy has been achieved with the infusion of antigen specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte clones, associated with some clinical responses. Antigen specificity can also be obtained by the allogeneic transfer of high-avidity T-cell receptors into autologous T cells. We propose an alternative strategy based on the selection of antigen-specific T cells with magnetic beads coated with HLA–peptide multimers. Future improvements of adoptive melanoma immunotherapy may be achieved by its association with other therapeutic strategies such as targeted therapy against signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Labarriere
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unite 892, Centre de Recherche en Canerologie Nantes-Angers, F-44007 Nantes, France
| | - Amir Khammari
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unite 892, Centre de Recherche en Canerologie Nantes-Angers, F-44007 Nantes, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Nantes, Unit of Skin Cancer, F-44093 Nantes, France
| | - Francois Lang
- Unite Mixte de Recherche Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Unite 892, Centre de Recherche en Canerologie Nantes-Angers, F-44007 Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Unite de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, F-44093 Nantes, France
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Lokhorst H, Einsele H, Vesole D, Bruno B, Miguel JS, Pérez-Simon JA, Kröger N, Moreau P, Gahrton G, Gasparetto C, Giralt S, Bensinger W. International Myeloma Working Group Consensus Statement Regarding the Current Status of Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2010; 28:4521-30. [PMID: 20697091 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.29.7929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To define consensus statement regarding allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (Allo-SCT) as a treatment option for multiple myeloma (MM) on behalf of International Myeloma Working Group. Patients and Methods In this review, results from prospective and retrospective studies of Allo-SCT in MM are summarized. Results Although the introduction of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) has lowered the high treatment-related mortality associated with myeloablative conditioning, convincing evidence is lacking that Allo-RIC improves the survival compared with autologous stem-cell transplantation. Conclusion New strategies are necessary to make Allo-SCT safer and more effective for patients with MM. Until this is achieved, Allo-RIC in myeloma should only be recommended in the context of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henk Lokhorst
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Hermann Einsele
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - David Vesole
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Jesus San Miguel
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Jose A. Pérez-Simon
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Philippe Moreau
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Gosta Gahrton
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Cristina Gasparetto
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - Sergio Giralt
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
| | - William Bensinger
- From the University Hospital Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Hospital Wuerzburg; University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany; The John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ; Giovanni Battista Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes, France; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Duke University Hospital, Durham,
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17
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Moxley KM, Golden-Mason L, Hughes MG, Liu T, Heemskerk MHM, Rosen HR, Nishimura MI. Transduction of human T cells with a novel T-cell receptor confers anti-HCV reactivity. PLoS Pathog 2010; 6:e1001018. [PMID: 20686664 PMCID: PMC2912399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major public health concern, with no effective vaccines currently available and 3% of the world's population being infected. Despite the existence of both B- and T-cell immunity in HCV-infected patients, chronic viral infection and HCV-related malignancies progress. Here we report the identification of a novel HCV TCR from an HLA-A2-restricted, HCV NS3:1073-1081-reactive CTL clone isolated from a patient with chronic HCV infection. We characterized this HCV TCR by expressing it in human T cells and analyzed the function of the resulting HCV TCR-transduced cells. Our results indicate that both the HCV TCR-transduced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells recognized the HCV NS3:1073-1081 peptide-loaded targets and HCV(+) hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) in a polyfunctional manner with cytokine (IFN-gamma, IL-2, and TNF-alpha) production as well as cytotoxicity. Tumor cell recognition by HCV TCR transduced CD8(-) Jurkat cells and CD4(+) PBL-derived T cells indicated this TCR was CD8-independent, a property consistent with other high affinity TCRs. HCV TCR-transduced T cells may be promising for the treatment of patients with chronic HCV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yeuying Liu
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kelly M. Moxley
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center & Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael G. Hughes
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo R. Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Hepatitis C Center & Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael I. Nishimura
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
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18
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Perro M, Tsang J, Xue SA, Escors D, Cesco-Gaspere M, Pospori C, Gao L, Hart D, Collins M, Stauss H, Morris EC. Generation of multi-functional antigen-specific human T-cells by lentiviral TCR gene transfer. Gene Ther 2010; 17:721-32. [PMID: 20164855 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2010.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is an attractive strategy to generate antigen-specific T-cells for adoptive immunotherapy of cancer and chronic viral infection. However, current TCR gene transfer protocols trigger T-cell differentiation into terminally differentiated effector cells, which likely have reduced ability to mediate disease protection in vivo. We have developed a lentiviral gene transfer strategy to generate TCR-transduced human T-cells without promoting T-cell differentiation. We found that a combination of interleukin-15 (IL15) and IL21 facilitated lentiviral TCR gene transfer into non-proliferating T-cells. The transduced T-cells showed redirection of antigen specificity and produced IL2, IFNgamma and TNFalpha in a peptide-dependent manner. A significantly higher proportion of the IL15/IL21-stimulated T-cells were multi-functional and able to simultaneously produce all three cytokines (P<0.01), compared with TCR-transduced T-cells generated by conventional anti-CD3 plus IL2 stimulation, which primarily secreted only one cytokine. Similarly, IL15/IL21 maintained high levels of CD62L and CD28 expression in transduced T-cells, whereas anti-CD3 plus IL2 accelerated the loss of CD62L/CD28 expression. The data demonstrate that the combination of lentiviral TCR gene transfer together with IL15/IL21 stimulation can efficiently redirect the antigen specificity of resting primary human T-cells and generate multi-functional T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perro
- Department of Immunology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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19
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Thomas S, Stauss HJ, Morris EC. Molecular immunology lessons from therapeutic T-cell receptor gene transfer. Immunology 2010; 129:170-7. [PMID: 20561357 PMCID: PMC2814459 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The T-cell receptor (TCR) is critical for T-cell lineage selection, antigen specificity, effector function and survival. Recently, TCR gene transfer has been developed as a reliable method to generate ex vivo large numbers of T cells of a given antigen-specificity and functional avidity. Such approaches have major applications for the adoptive cellular therapy of viral infectious diseases, virus-associated malignancies and cancer. TCR gene transfer utilizes retroviral or lentiviral constructs containing the gene sequences of the TCR-alpha and TCR-beta chains, which have been cloned from a clonal T-cell population of the desired antigen specificity. The TCR-encoding vector is then used to infect (transduce) primary T cells in vitro. To generate a transduced T cell with the desired functional specificity, the introduced TCR-alpha and TCR-beta chains must form a heterodimer and associate with the CD3 complex in order to be stably expressed at the T-cell surface. In order to optimize the function of TCR-transduced T cells, researchers in the field of TCR gene transfer have exploited many aspects of basic research in T-cell immunology relating to TCR structure, TCR-CD3 assembly, cell-surface TCR expression, TCR-peptide/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) affinity and TCR signalling. However, improving the introduction of exogenous TCRs into naturally occurring T cells has provided further insights into basic T-cell immunology. The aim of this review was to discuss the molecular immunology lessons learnt through therapeutic TCR transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharyn Thomas
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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20
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Okamura T, Fujio K, Shibuya M, Sumitomo S, Shoda H, Sakaguchi S, Yamamoto K. CD4+CD25-LAG3+ regulatory T cells controlled by the transcription factor Egr-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:13974-9. [PMID: 19666526 PMCID: PMC2729005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906872106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are engaged in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. IL-10 has an important role in maintaining the normal immune state. Here, we show that IL-10-secreting Tregs can be delineated in normal mice as CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) T cells that express lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3), an MHC-class-II-binding CD4 homolog. Although approximately 2% of the CD4(+)CD25(-) T cell population consisted of CD4(+)CD25(-)LAG3(+) T cells in the spleen, CD4(+)CD25(-)LAG3(+) T cells are enriched to approximately 8% in the Peyer's patch. They are hypoproliferative upon in vitro antigenic stimulation and suppress in vivo development of colitis. Gene expression analysis reveals that CD4(+)CD25(-)LAG3(+) Tregs characteristically express early growth response gene 2 (Egr-2), a key molecule for anergy induction. Retroviral gene transfer of Egr-2 converts naïve CD4(+) T cells into the IL-10-secreting and LAG-3-expressing phenotype, and Egr-2-transduced CD4(+) T cells exhibit antigen-specific immunosuppressive capacity in vivo. Unlike Foxp3(+) natural Tregs, high-affinity interactions with selecting peptide/MHC ligands expressed in the thymus do not induce the development of CD4(+)CD25(-)LAG3(+) Tregs. In contrast, the number of CD4(+)CD25(-)LAG3(+) Tregs is influenced by the presence of environmental microbiota. Thus, IL-10-secreting Egr-2(+)LAG3(+)CD4(+) Tregs can be exploited for the control of peripheral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Okamura
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
| | - Mihoko Shibuya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
| | - Shuji Sumitomo
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
| | - Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; and
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21
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Okamoto A, Fujio K, van Rooijen N, Tsuno NH, Takahashi K, Tsurui H, Hirose S, Elkon KB, Yamamoto K. Splenic phagocytes promote responses to nucleosomes in (NZB x NZW) F1 mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:5264-71. [PMID: 18832681 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Autoantigen presentation to T cells is crucial for the development of autoimmune disease. However, the mechanisms of autoantigen presentation are poorly understood. In this study, we show that splenic phagocytes play an important role in autoantigen presentation in murine lupus. Nucleosomes are major autoantigens in systemic lupus erythematosus. We found that nucleosome-specific T cells were stimulated dominantly in the spleen, compared with lymph nodes, lung, and thymus. Among splenic APCs, F4/80(+) macrophages and CD11b(+)CD11c(+) dendritic cells were strong stimulators for nucleosome-specific T cells. When splenic phagocytes were depleted in (NZB x NZW) F(1) (NZB/W F(1)) mice, nucleosome presentation in the spleen was dramatically suppressed. Moreover, depletion of splenic phagocytes significantly suppressed anti-nucleosome Ab and anti-dsDNA Ab production. Proteinuria progression was delayed and survival was prolonged in phagocyte-depleted mice. The numbers of autoantibody- secreting cells were decreased in the spleen from phagocyte-depleted mice. Multiple injections of splenic F4/80(+) macrophages, not those of splenic CD11c(+) dendritic cells, induced autoantibody production and proteinuria progression in NZB/W F(1) mice. These results indicate that autoantigen presentation by splenic phagocytes including macrophages significantly contributes to autoantibody production and disease progression in lupus-prone mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Okamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Kisielow J, Kopf M, Karjalainen K. SCART scavenger receptors identify a novel subset of adult gammadelta T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:1710-6. [PMID: 18641307 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.3.1710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although there has been great progress in the characterization of alphabeta T cell differentiation, selection, and function, gammadelta T cells have remained poorly understood. One of the main reasons for this is the lack of gammadelta T cell-specific surface markers other than the TCR chains themselves. In this study we describe two novel surface receptors, SCART1 and SCART2. SCARTs are related to CD5, CD6, and CD163 scavenger receptors but, unlike them, are found primarily on developing and mature gammadelta T cells. Characterization of SCART2 positive immature and peripheral gammadelta T cells suggests that they undergo lineage specification in the thymus and belong to a new IL-17-producing subset with distinct homing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kisielow
- Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Integrative Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich-Schlieren, Switzerland.
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23
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Retroviral transfer of a dominant TCR prevents surface expression of a large proportion of the endogenous TCR repertoire in human T cells. Gene Ther 2008; 15:625-31. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3303078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Heemskerk M, Griffioen M, Falkenburg J. T-cell receptor gene transfer for treatment of leukemia. Cytotherapy 2008; 10:108-15. [DOI: 10.1080/14653240701883087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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25
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Yamaguchi Y, Fujio K, Shoda H, Okamoto A, Tsuno NH, Takahashi K, Yamamoto K. IL-17B and IL-17C are associated with TNF-alpha production and contribute to the exacerbation of inflammatory arthritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:7128-36. [PMID: 17982105 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.7128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-17A is a T cell-derived proinflammatory cytokine that contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, six related molecules have been identified to form the IL-17 family, as follows: IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, and IL-17F. Whereas IL-17A and IL-17F up-regulate IL-6 in synovial fibroblasts, IL-17B and IL-17C are reported to stimulate the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta from the monocytic cell line, THP-1 cell. However, their detailed function remains to be elucidated. We report in this study the effects of IL-17 family on the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) progression by T cell gene transfer and bone marrow chimeric mice. The mRNA expressions of IL-17 family (IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, and IL-17F) and their receptor (IL-17R and IL-17Rh1) genes in the arthritic paws of CIA mice were elevated compared with controls. Although IL-17A and IL-17F were expressed in CD4(+) T cells, IL-17B and IL-17C were expressed in the cartilage and in various cell populations in the CIA arthritic paws, respectively. In vitro, IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, and IL-17F induced TNF-alpha production in mouse peritoneal exudate cells. In vivo, adoptive transfer of IL-17B- and IL-17C-transduced CD4(+) T cells evidently exacerbated arthritis. Bone marrow chimeric mice of IL-17B and IL-17C exhibited elevated serum TNF-alpha concentration and the high arthritis score upon CIA induction. Moreover, neutralization of IL-17B significantly suppressed the progression of arthritis and bone destruction in CIA mice. Therefore, not only IL-17A, but also IL-17B and IL-17C play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Thomas S, Xue SA, Cesco-Gaspere M, San José E, Hart DP, Wong V, Debets R, Alarcon B, Morris E, Stauss HJ. Targeting the Wilms Tumor Antigen 1 by TCR Gene Transfer: TCR Variants Improve Tetramer Binding but Not the Function of Gene Modified Human T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:5803-10. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.9.5803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Thomas S, Hart DP, Xue SA, Cesco-Gaspere M, Stauss HJ. T-cell receptor gene therapy for cancer: the progress to date and future objectives. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:1207-18. [PMID: 17696819 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.8.1207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade research has begun into the use of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy as a means to control and eradicate malignancies. There is now a large body of evidence to demonstrate that through the use of this technology one can redirect T-cell antigen specificity to produce both cytotoxic and helper T cells, which are functionally competent both in vitro and in vivo and show promising antitumour effects in humans. This review focuses on the means by which TCR gene transfer is achieved and the recent advances to modify the TCRs and vector delivery systems which aim to enhance the efficiency and safety of TCR gene transfer protocols.
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28
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Iizuka K, Nakajima C, Iizuka YM, Takase M, Kato T, Noda S, Tanaka K, Kanagawa O. Protection from lethal infection by adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells genetically engineered to express virus-specific innate immune receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:1122-8. [PMID: 17617605 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CMV infection is one of the most common complications in immunocompromised individuals, such as organ and bone marrow transplant patients. Both innate and adaptive immune responses are required for defense against CMV infection. In murine CMV (MCMV) infection, strains harboring the MCMV-specific NK cell activation receptor, Ly49H (Klra8), are resistant. In contrast, MCMV infection of mice lacking Ly49H gene causes early mortality due to uncontrolled viral replication. In this study, we report the successful protection of mice from lethal MCMV infection with gene-transferred polyclonal CD8 T cells. CD8 T cells expressing a chimeric receptor comprising Ly49H extracellular and CD3zeta cytoplasmic domains are capable of killing target cells expressing the MCMV protein, m157. CD8 T cells expressing the chimeric receptor protect mice in vivo from lethality in the acute phase of MCMV infection, leading to the establishment of long-term protection. These data provide proof-of-principle evidence that a novel strategy for harnessing CD8 cytolytic function through TCR-independent yet pathogen-specific receptor can result in effective protection of hosts from pathogens.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- CD3 Complex/biosynthesis
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/transplantation
- Chimera
- Herpesviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type/biosynthesis
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Muromegalovirus/immunology
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily A
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Engineering/methods
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, NK Cell Lectin-Like
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Affiliation(s)
- Koho Iizuka
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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29
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Stauss HJ, Thomas S, Cesco-Gaspere M, Hart DP, Xue SA, Holler A, King J, Wright G, Perro M, Pospori C, Morris E. WT1-specific T cell receptor gene therapy: improving TCR function in transduced T cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2007; 40:113-6. [PMID: 17855129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2007.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Revised: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T lymphocytes is an attractive form of immunotherapy for haematological malignancies and cancer. The difficulty of isolating antigen-specific T lymphocytes for individual patients limits the more widespread use of adoptive T cell therapy. The demonstration that cloned T cell receptor (TCR) genes can be used to produce T lymphocyte populations of desired specificity offers new opportunities for antigen-specific T cell therapy. The first trial in humans demonstrated that TCR gene-modified T cells persisted for an extended time period and reduced tumor burden in some patients. The WT1 protein is an attractive target for immunotherapy of leukemia and solid cancer since elevated expression has been demonstrated in AML, CML, MDS and in breast, colon and ovarian cancer. In the past, we have isolated high avidity CTL specific for a WT1-derived peptide presented by HLA-A2 and cloned the TCR alpha and beta genes of a WT1-specific CTL line. The genes were inserted into retroviral vectors for transduction of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes of leukemia patients and normal donors. The treatment of leukemia-bearing NOD/SCID mice with T cells transduced with the WT1-specific TCR eliminated leukemia cells in the bone marrow of most mice, while treatment with T cells transduced with a TCR of irrelevant specificity did not diminish the leukemia burden. In order to improve the safety and efficacy of TCR gene therapy, we have developed lentiviral TCR gene transfer. In addition, we employed strategies to enhance TCR expression while avoiding TCR mis-pairing. It may be possible to generate dominant TCR constructs that can suppress the expression of the endogenous TCR on the surface of transduced T cells. The development of new TCR gene constructs holds great promise for the safe and effective delivery of TCR gene therapy for the treatment of malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J Stauss
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, Hampstead Campus, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
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30
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Fujio K, Okamura T, Okamoto A, Yamamoto K. T Cell Receptor Gene Therapy for Autoimmune Diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1110:222-32. [PMID: 17911437 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1423.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The current quality of autoimmune disease treatments is not satisfactory in regard to efficacy and safety. Antigen-specific immunotherapy is a future therapy that could achieve maximal efficacy with minimal adverse effects. T cells are essential components in antigen-specific immunity. However, we do not have a sufficient strategy for manipulating antigen-specific T cells. We propose that T cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is a hopeful approach for antigen-specific immunotherapy. We confirmed the efficacy of TCR gene therapy in animal models of systemic autoimmune disease and arthritis. In lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice, nucleosome-specific TCR and CTLA4Ig transduced cells suppressed autoantibody production and nephritis development. In the therapeutic experiment of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), arthritis-related TCRs were isolated from single T cells accumulating in the arthritis site. Arthritis-related TCR and TNFRIg transduced cells or TCR and Foxp3 transduced cells suppressed arthritis progression and bone destruction. Therefore, engineered antigen-specific cells manipulated to express appropriate functional genes could be applied to specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
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31
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Stauss HJ, Cesco-Gaspere M, Thomas S, Hart DP, Xue SA, Holler A, Wright G, Perro M, Little AM, Pospori C, King J, Morris EC. Monoclonal T-cell receptors: new reagents for cancer therapy. Mol Ther 2007; 15:1744-50. [PMID: 17637721 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mt.6300216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T lymphocytes is an effective form of immunotherapy for persistent virus infections and cancer. A major limitation of adoptive therapy is the inability to isolate antigen-specific T lymphocytes reproducibly. The demonstration that cloned T-cell receptor (TCR) genes can be used to produce T lymphocyte populations of desired specificity offers new opportunities for antigen-specific T-cell therapy. TCR gene-modified lymphocytes display antigen-specific function in vitro, and were shown to protect against virus infection and tumor growth in animal models. A recent trial in humans demonstrated that TCR gene-modified T cells persisted in all and reduced melanoma burden in 2/15 patients. In future trials, it may be possible to use TCR gene transfer to equip helper and cytotoxic T cells with new antigen-specificity, allowing both T-cell subsets to cooperate in achieving improved clinical responses. Sequence modifications of TCR genes are being explored to enhance TCR surface expression, while minimizing the risk of pairing between introduced and endogenous TCR chains. Current T-cell transduction protocols that trigger T-cell differentiation need to be modified to generate "undifferentiated" T cells, which, upon adoptive transfer, display improved in vivo expansion and survival. Both, expression of only the introduced TCR chains and the production of naïve T cells may be possible in the future by TCR gene transfer into stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans J Stauss
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, Hampstead Campus, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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Spaapen R, van den Oudenalder K, Ivanov R, Bloem A, Lokhorst H, Mutis T. Rebuilding Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II–Restricted Minor Histocompatibility Antigen Specificity in Recall Antigen-Specific T Cells by Adoptive T Cell Receptor Transfer: Implications for Adoptive Immunotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:4009-15. [PMID: 17606735 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Donor T cells directed to hematopoietic minor histocompatibility antigens (mHag) are appealing tools for adoptive immunotherapy of hematological malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Toward the development of a convenient strategy for ex vivo generation of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II--restricted mHag-specific T cells, we evaluated the feasibility of rebuilding mHag-specific T cell functions in donor-derived recall antigen-specific T cells via T cell receptor (TCR) transfer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TCR alpha- and beta-chains of an HLA-DPB1*0401--restricted T-cell clone recognizing a multiple myeloma-associated mHag were retrovirally transferred into a tetanus toxoid (TT)--specific clone derived from the original stem cell donor. TCR double-transduced cells were compared with the parent mHag- and TT-specific clones for antigen specificity, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxic activity and were analyzed for their in vitro expansion capacity in a TT- or mHag-specific fashion. RESULTS mHag-TCR--transduced TT-specific cells displayed both TT and mHag specificity. Similar to the parent cells, they secreted Th-1 cytokines and exerted significant cytotoxic activity against TT-pulsed or mHag(+) target cells, including multiple myeloma cells. A 4-week expansion of TCR-transduced cells via the TT-specific TCR had no negative influence on the mHag-specific cytotoxic activity and resulted in 10- to 100-fold better cell yields as compared with mHag-specific expansion. CONCLUSIONS HLA class II--restricted, mHag-specific effector functions can be successfully reconstructed in donor-derived TT-specific T cells via TCR transfer. Effective expansion of these T cells via TT-specific TCRs illustrate the suitability of this strategy for ex vivo expansion and possibly for in vivo TT-specific reboosting of HLA class II--restricted immunotherapeutic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbert Spaapen
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, Immunology, and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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33
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Nakagawa R, Mason SM, Michie AM. Determining the role of specific signaling molecules during lymphocyte development in vivo: instant transgenesis. Nat Protoc 2007; 1:1185-93. [PMID: 17406401 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2006.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A common method of determining the role of specific signaling molecules during lymphocyte development is to generate a transgenic mouse. This procedure, while informative, is time consuming, expensive and ultimately does not guarantee a defined answer. Here we present a protocol in which the in vivo effects of a gene of interest on both B and T lymphocyte development may be determined simultaneously in a relatively short time period. This is achieved by introducing a defined gene, such as a wild-type or mutated signaling molecule, into a lymphoid progenitor population by retroviral infection. The retrovirus generates a bicistronic message encoding the gene of interest and GFP, thus enabling identification of retrovirally transduced cells in subsequent lymphocyte lineages. The cells are then introduced into mice deficient for recombinase activating gene 1 (Rag-/- mice), thus allowing the development of donor-derived B and T lymphocytes in vivo. Using this technique, results can be obtained within 3-8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinako Nakagawa
- Division of Cancer Sciences and Molecular Pathology, Section of Experimental Haematology, Royal Infirmary, 10 Alexandra Parade, University of Glasgow, Scotland G31 2ER, UK
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34
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Bobisse S, Zanovello P, Rosato A. T-cell receptor gene transfer by lentiviral vectors in adoptive cell therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007; 7:893-906. [PMID: 17555374 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.7.6.893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy can be envisioned as a promising strategy for tumour immunotherapy. However, existing protocols of adoptive cell therapy still require optimisation as many factors, such as specificity, avidity, level of differentiation and amount of transferred T lymphocytes, can influence their immunocompetence and in vivo functionality. In particular, the need to reduce the in vitro expansion phase and to obtain large numbers of tumour-reactive T cells, as a favourable condition for cancer regression, make TCR gene transfer a potentially ideal tool to overcome the limits of adoptive cell therapy strategies. Here, the authors review the state-of-the-art and recent advances in TCR transfer with particular emphasis on lentiviral vector systems. Initial data from preclinical models and recent clinical trials encourage optimisation of a safe, simplified and stable transfer system. In this regard, HIV-based vectors are emerging as good alternative candidates over the most widely used oncoretroviral vectors due to their peculiar molecular features that fit the ideal conditions for donor T cell in vitro manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bobisse
- University of Padova, Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Padova, Italy
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35
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Abstract
The status of autoimmune disease therapies is not satisfactory. Antigen-specific immunotherapy has potential as a future therapy that could deliver maximal efficacy with minimal adverse effects. Several trials of antigen-specific immunotherapy have been performed, but so far no clear directions have been established. With regard to antigen-specificity in the immune system, T cells are essential components. However, at present, we do not have a sufficient range of strategies for manipulating antigen-specific T cells. In this review, the authors propose that T cell receptor gene transfer could be used for antigen-specific immunotherapy. In the proposed technique, important disease-related and, thus, antigen-specific T cells in patients would first be identified, and then a pair of cDNAs encoding alpha and beta T cell receptors would be isolated from these single T cells. These genes would then be transferred into self lymphocytes. These engineered antigen-specific cells can also be manipulated to express appropriate functional genes that could then be applied to specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- University of Tokyo, Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan.
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36
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Shoda H, Fujio K, Yamaguchi Y, Okamoto A, Sawada T, Kochi Y, Yamamoto K. Interactions between IL-32 and tumor necrosis factor alpha contribute to the exacerbation of immune-inflammatory diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R166. [PMID: 17078892 PMCID: PMC1794509 DOI: 10.1186/ar2074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 11/01/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-32 is a newly described cytokine in the human found to be an in vitro inducer of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). We examined the in vivo relationship between IL-32 and TNFα, and the pathologic role of IL-32 in the TNFα-related diseases – arthritis and colitis. We demonstrated by quantitative PCR assay that IL-32 mRNA was expressed in the lymphoid tissues, and in stimulated peripheral T cells, monocytes, and B cells. Activated T cells were important for IL-32 mRNA expression in monocytes and B cells. Interestingly, TNFα reciprocally induced IL-32 mRNA expression in T cells, monocyte-derived dendritic cells, and synovial fibroblasts. Moreover, IL-32 mRNA expression was prominent in the synovial tissues of rheumatoid arthritis patients, especially in synovial-infiltrated lymphocytes by in situ hybridization. To examine the in vivo relationship of IL-32 and TNFα, we prepared an overexpression model mouse of human IL-32β (BM-hIL-32) by bone marrow transplantation. Splenocytes of BM-hIL-32 mice showed increased expression and secretion of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 especially in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Moreover, serum TNFα concentration showed a clear increase in BM-hIL-32 mice. Cell-sorting analysis of splenocytes showed that the expression of TNFα was increased in resting F4/80+ macrophages, and the expression of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 was increased in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated F4/80+ macrophages and CD11c+ dendritic cells. In fact, BM-hIL-32 mice showed exacerbation of collagen-antibody-induced arthritis and trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid-induced colitis. In addition, the transfer of hIL-32β-producing CD4+ T cells significantly exacerbated collagen-induced arthritis, and a TNFα blockade cancelled the exacerbating effects of hIL-32β. We therefore conclude that IL-32 is closely associated with TNFα, and contributes to the exacerbation of TNFα-related inflammatory arthritis and colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Shoda
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akiko Okamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Sawada
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuta Kochi
- Laboratory for Rheumatic Diseases, SNP Research Center, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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37
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Fujio K, Okamoto A, Araki Y, Shoda H, Tahara H, Tsuno NH, Takahashi K, Kitamura T, Yamamoto K. Gene therapy of arthritis with TCR isolated from the inflamed paw. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 177:8140-7. [PMID: 17114489 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the treatment of autoimmune diseases has been significantly advanced by the use of biological agents. However, some biologics are accompanied with severe side effects, including tuberculosis and other types of infection. There is thus a critical need for nonsystemic and lesion-specific methods of delivering these therapeutic agents. We attempted to treat a mouse model of arthritis by using T cells that expressed a regulatory molecule and were specifically directed to the inflamed paw. To this end, we first identified the TCR alphabeta genes accumulating in the inflamed paw of mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) by a combination of single-strand chain polymorphism analysis of TCR and single-cell sorting. We identified an expanded clone B47 which is autoreactive but is not specific to type II collagen. In vivo, TCR genes from B47-transduced T cells accumulated in the inflamed paw. Injection of cells cotransduced with the B47 and soluble TNFRIg genes resulted in a significant suppression of CIA. The suppression was correlated with the amount of TNFRIg transcripts in the hind paw, not with the serum concentrations of TNFRIg. Moreover, T cells cotransduced with the B47 and intracellular Foxp3 genes significantly suppressed CIA with reductions in TNF-alpha, IL-17A, and IL-1beta expression and bone destruction. T cells cotransduced with B47 and Foxp3 genes also suppressed the progression of established CIA. Therefore, immunosuppressive therapy with autoreactive TCR is a promising therapeutic strategy for arthritis whether the TCRs are used to deliver either soluble or intracellular suppressive molecules.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Cell Proliferation
- Flow Cytometry
- Forelimb/immunology
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Hindlimb/immunology
- Inflammation/chemically induced
- Inflammation/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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38
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Heemskerk MHM, Hagedoorn RS, van der Hoorn MAWG, van der Veken LT, Hoogeboom M, Kester MGD, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Efficiency of T-cell receptor expression in dual-specific T cells is controlled by the intrinsic qualities of the TCR chains within the TCR-CD3 complex. Blood 2006; 109:235-43. [PMID: 16968899 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-013318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Genetic engineering of T lymphocytes is an attractive strategy to specifically redirect T-cell immunity toward viral infections and malignancies. We previously demonstrated redirected antileukemic reactivity of cytomegalovirus (CMV)–specific T cells by transfer of minor histocompatibility antigen HA-2–specific T-cell receptors (TCRs). HA-2–TCR-transferred CMV-specific T cells were potent effectors against HA-2–expressing leukemic cells, as well as CMV-expressing cells. Functional activity of these T cells correlated with TCR cell-surface expression. In the present study we analyzed which properties of transferred and endogenous TCRs are crucial for efficient cell-surface expression. We demonstrate that expression of the introduced TCR is not a random process but is determined by characteristics of both the introduced and the endogenously expressed TCR. The efficiency of TCR cell-surface expression is controlled by the intrinsic quality of the TCR complex. In addition, we demonstrate that chimeric TCRs can be formed and that efficiency of TCR expression is independent of whether TCRs are retrovirally introduced or naturally expressed. In conclusion, introduced, endogenous, and chimeric TCRs compete for cell-surface expression in favor of the TCR-CD3 complex with best-pairing properties.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antigen Presentation
- Cells, Cultured/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, Reporter
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-B7 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-DQ Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Ligands
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Retroviridae/genetics
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, C2-R, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Hematology, C2-R, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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40
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Lal G, Shaila MS, Nayak R. Recombinant idiotypic TCRβ chain immunization in mice generates antigen specific T cell response. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:1549-56. [PMID: 16310853 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 10/02/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination remains the most cost-effective means of preventing infectious diseases. Success of vaccination depends on generation of effective memory response. Understanding the mechanism of generation and maintenance of immunological memory would help in the design of rational vaccines. T lymphocytes play a central role in the generation of protective immune response against many microbial infections. A hypothesis known as relay hypothesis was earlier proposed, which explains the maintenance of immunological memory through interaction of idiotypic and anti-idiotypic lymphocytes. In the present study, we have shown that immunization with a model antigen, chicken ovalbumin specific T cell receptor beta chain (idiotypic TCR) generates TCR specific antibody and anti-idiotypic T cell responses as well as ovalbumin specific T cell response. We further show that boosting of ovalbumin primed mice with ovalbumin specific idiotypic TCRbeta DNA or TCRbeta protein gives memory response for ovalbumin. This study provides experimental evidence for perpetuation of immunological memory through idiotypic network interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girdhari Lal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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41
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Abstract
Antigen-specific tumor immunotherapy remains an attractive strategy for the treatment of malignancies. In this review we will discuss why, despite the identification of large numbers of T cell recognised tumor antigens, effective immunotherapy remains a formidable challenge. Effective strategies are needed to deal with the tolerogenic properties of many tumor antigens, and with the immunocompromised status of patients. We discuss different methods of generating tumor-specific T cells which are currently being evaluated in clinical practice, such as vaccination and adoptive transfer of tumor antigen-specific T cells. Finally, we shall discuss novel strategies in development, such as the adoptive transfer of T cell receptor (TCR) gene modified T cells to establish antigen-specific immunity in patients with leukemia and solid cancers. The transfer of validated high avidity TCRs, isolated from 'non-tolerant' repertoires or produced by in vitro affinity maturation, can serve to equip patient T cells with new anti-tumor specificities that are not naturally present in the autologous repertoire. TCR transfer into CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells can serve to harness the function of both helper and cytotoxic T cells for tumor elimination and establishment of long-term tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Morris
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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42
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van der Veken LT, Hoogeboom M, de Paus RA, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF, Heemskerk MHM. HLA class II restricted T-cell receptor gene transfer generates CD4+ T cells with helper activity as well as cytotoxic capacity. Gene Ther 2006; 12:1686-95. [PMID: 16034453 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Both cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells are important in immune responses against pathogens and malignant cells. In hematological malignancies which express HLA class II molecules, immunotherapy may be directed to HLA class II restricted antigens. We investigated whether it is possible to engineer HLA class II restricted T cells with both antigen-specific cytolytic activity and the capacity to produce high amounts of cytokines. CD4+ and CD8+ peripheral-blood-derived T cells were retrovirally transduced with the HLA class II restricted minor histocompatibility antigen dead box RNA helicase Y (DBY)-specific TCR. The TCR-transduced CD4+ T cells exerted DBY-specific cytolytic activity, produced Th0, Th1, or Th2 cytokines, and proliferated upon DBY-specific stimulation. TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells exerted cytolytic activity which equaled the level of cytolytic activity of the TCR-transferred CD4+ T cells. Cotransfer of CD4 enhanced the cytolytic activity of the TCR-transduced CD8+ T cells, but introduction of CD4 was not sufficient to generate DBY-specific CD8+ T cells with the capacity to produce high amounts of cytokines. In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility to engineer T cells with antigen-specific cytolytic activity, as well as the ability to produce significant amounts of cytokines, by TCR transfer to CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T van der Veken
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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43
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Engels B, Noessner E, Frankenberger B, Blankenstein T, Schendel DJ, Uckert W. Redirecting human T lymphocytes toward renal cell carcinoma specificity by retroviral transfer of T cell receptor genes. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:799-810. [PMID: 16000062 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is limited by the difficulty in generating sufficient numbers of RCC-reactive T cells in vitro. To circumvent this problem, we cloned T cell receptor (TCR) alpha and beta chains from a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte clone specific for an RCC tumor antigen and transferred the TCR into human T cell lines and primary T lymphocytes. Efficient TCR expression in primary T lymphocytes was obtained only with a mouse myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV)-based retroviral vector, not with a Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV)-based vector, although both viral supernatants were similar in titer, as shown by analysis of copy number integration in transduced T cells. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a higher amount of TCR-encoding transcripts when T cells were transduced with the MPSV vector in comparison with the MLV vector, indicating that high TCR expression levels can be achieved by appropriate cis-regulatory vector elements. The biological activity of the transferred TCR was shown by specific lysis of RCC cells ((51)Cr release assay) and by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha release (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in an antigen-specific and HLA-A*0201-restricted fashion. Comparison of the redirected T lymphocytes with the original tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte clone revealed similar killing and cytokine secretion capabilities. The functional activity of TCR-redirected T lymphocytes was stable over time. The results demonstrate that use of an optimized retroviral vector yielded a high TCR transduction efficiency and stable and high TCR expression in primary human T lymphocytes and redirected their specificity toward RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Engels
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt University Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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44
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Stolzer AL, Sadelain M, Sant'Angelo DB. Fulminant experimental autoimmune encephalo-myelitis induced by retrovirally mediated TCR gene transfer. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:1822-30. [PMID: 15909313 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200526123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although some efforts have been made to direct the antigen specificity of developing T cells by retroviral mediated expression of known TCR, it is not clear if the resultant T cells are fully functional. In this study retroviral gene transfer technology was used to introduce a cDNA encoding the TCR from a known encephalitogenic T cell into the bone marrow of mice. Activated T cells expressing this TCR, which is specific for the Ac1-11 peptide from myelin basic protein presented by I-A(u), cause rapid onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This enabled us to use the onset and progression of the disease as a direct measure of effector functions of T cells generated by this method. The data presented here show that recipients of bone marrow retrovirally transduced with this TCR rapidly develop full-blown EAE that results in paralysis. Therefore, retroviral TCR delivery into the bone marrow supports the development of T cells into fully functional effector cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/etiology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Transfer, Horizontal
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Myelin Basic Protein/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/physiology
- Retroviridae/genetics
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Stolzer
- The Laboratory of T cell Immunobiology, Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA
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45
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Xue SA, Gao L, Hart D, Gillmore R, Qasim W, Thrasher A, Apperley J, Engels B, Uckert W, Morris E, Stauss H. Elimination of human leukemia cells in NOD/SCID mice by WT1-TCR gene-transduced human T cells. Blood 2005; 106:3062-7. [PMID: 16020516 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for an HLA-A2-presented peptide epitope of the Wilms tumor antigen-1 (WT1) can selectively kill immature human leukemia progenitor and stem cells in vitro. In this study we have used retroviral gene transfer to introduce a WT1-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) into T lymphocytes obtained from patients with leukemia and from healthy donors. TCR-transduced T cells kill leukemia cells in vitro and display WT1-specific cytokine production. Intravenous injection of TCR-transduced T cells into nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice harboring human leukemia cells resulted in leukemia elimination, whereas transfer of control T cells transduced with an irrelevant TCR was ineffective. The data suggest that adoptive immunotherapy with WT1-TCR gene-modified patient T cells should be considered for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-An Xue
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
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46
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Redirecting Human T Lymphocytes Toward Renal Cell Carcinoma Specificity by Retroviral Transfer of T Cell Receptor Genes. Hum Gene Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.ft-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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47
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Morris EC, Tsallios A, Bendle GM, Xue SA, Stauss HJ. A critical role of T cell antigen receptor-transduced MHC class I-restricted helper T cells in tumor protection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:7934-9. [PMID: 15908507 PMCID: PMC1142362 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500357102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of antigen-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells is one of the most efficient forms of cancer immunotherapy. However, the isolation of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells is limited because only few tumor-associated helper epitopes are identified. Here, we used T cell antigen receptor gene transfer to target CD4(+) T cells against an MHC class I-presented epitope of a model tumor antigen. IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) T cells were unable to expand in vivo and to provide help for tumor rejection. In contrast, CD4(+) T cells producing high levels of IL-2 expanded in vivo, provided help for cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated tumor rejection, and developed T cell memory. The data demonstrate in vivo synergy between T cell antigen receptor-transduced CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells specific for the same epitope resulting in long-term tumor protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Morris
- Department of Immunology, Imperial College, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.
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48
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Xue S, Gillmore R, Downs A, Tsallios A, Holler A, Gao L, Wong V, Morris E, Stauss HJ. Exploiting T cell receptor genes for cancer immunotherapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:167-72. [PMID: 15654813 PMCID: PMC1809284 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive antigen-specific immunotherapy is an attractive concept for the treatment of cancer because it does not require immunocompetence of patients, and the specificity of transferred lymphocytes can be targeted against tumour-associated antigens that are poorly immunogenic and thus fail to effectively trigger autologous T cell responses. As the isolation and in vitro expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes is difficult, 'conventional' adoptive T cell therapy can only be carried out in specialized centres in small numbers of patients. However, T cell receptor (TCR) genes isolated from antigen-specific T cells can be exploited as generic therapeutic molecules for 'unconventional' antigen-specific immunotherapy. Retroviral TCR gene transfer into patient T cells can readily produce populations of antigen-specific lymphocytes after a single round of polyclonal T cell stimulation. TCR gene modified lymphocytes are functionally competent in vitro, and can have therapeutic efficacy in murine models in vivo. TCR gene expression is stable and modified lymphocytes can develop into memory T cells. Introduction of TCR genes into CD8(+) and CD4(+) lymphocytes provides an opportunity to use the same TCR specificity to produce antigen-specific killer and helper T lymphocytes. Thus, TCR gene therapy provides an attractive strategy to develop antigen-specific immunotherapy with autologous lymphocytes as a generic treatment option.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xue
- Imperial College London, Department of Immunology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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49
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Zhang T, He X, Tsang TC, Harris DT. Transgenic TCR expression: comparison of single chain with full-length receptor constructs for T-cell function. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 11:487-96. [PMID: 15153936 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Genetic modification of T lymphocytes with T-cell receptor (TCR) genes provides a novel tool for adoptive immunotherapy. However, the efficiency of full-length TCR (flTCR)-transduced T cells could be limited by factors such as incorrect pairing between exogenous and endogenous TCR chains and downregulation of the CD3 complex. To overcome these hurdles, one promising strategy is to use three-domain single-chain TCRs (3D-scTCR), in which TCR Valpha and Vbeta chains are joined by a linker with signal transduction domains fused at the carboxyl termini as signal transducers and amplifiers. Our results showed that surface expression of scTCRs on T cells after retroviral transduction was affected by the origin of the transmembrane (TM) region and placement of signaling domains. scTCR-modified T cells were functional as shown by cytokine (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) release in response to antigen stimulation and cytolytic activity against specific target cells. CD8 and CD28, but not the complete CD3 complex, could enhance the scTCR-induced T cell activation. Compared with flTCR-modified T cells and native CTLs, scTCR-modified T cells require higher thresholds of antigen stimulation (approximately 10(-8) M peptide) to be functional. Despite the low efficiency of scTCRs, our data provide insight into further improvements in generating efficient scTCRs for in vivo applications.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Mice
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transduction, Genetic
- Transgenes/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Gene Therapy Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
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50
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Fujio K, Okamoto A, Tahara H, Abe M, Jiang Y, Kitamura T, Hirose S, Yamamoto K. Nucleosome-specific regulatory T cells engineered by triple gene transfer suppress a systemic autoimmune disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:2118-25. [PMID: 15265948 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of systemic autoimmune disease are poorly understood and available therapies often lead to immunosuppressive conditions. We describe here a new model of autoantigen-specific immunotherapy based on the sites of autoantigen presentation in systemic autoimmune disease. Nucleosomes are one of the well-characterized autoantigens. We found relative splenic localization of the stimulative capacity for nucleosome-specific T cells in (NZB x NZW)F(1) (NZB/W F(1)) lupus-prone mice. Splenic dendritic cells (DCs) from NZB/W F(1) mice spontaneously stimulate nucleosome-specific T cells to a much greater degree than both DCs from normal mice and DCs from the lymph nodes of NZB/W F(1) mice. This leads to a strategy for the local delivery of therapeutic molecules using autoantigen-specific T cells. Nucleosome-specific regulatory T cells engineered by triple gene transfer (TCR-alpha, TCR-beta, and CTLA4Ig) accumulated in the spleen and suppressed the related pathogenic autoantibody production. Nephritis was drastically suppressed without impairing the T cell-dependent humoral immune responses. Thus, autoantigen-specific regulatory T cells engineered by multiple gene transfer is a promising strategy for treating autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Autoantigens/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/immunology
- Autoimmune Diseases/therapy
- Crosses, Genetic
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor alpha
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Genetic Therapy
- Immunoconjugates/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Nucleosomes/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- Transduction, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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