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Kaur G, Porter CBM, Ashenberg O, Lee J, Riesenfeld SJ, Hofree M, Aggelakopoulou M, Subramanian A, Kuttikkatte SB, Attfield KE, Desel CAE, Davies JL, Evans HG, Avraham-Davidi I, Nguyen LT, Dionne DA, Neumann AE, Jensen LT, Barber TR, Soilleux E, Carrington M, McVean G, Rozenblatt-Rosen O, Regev A, Fugger L. Mouse fetal growth restriction through parental and fetal immune gene variation and intercellular communications cascade. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4398. [PMID: 35906236 PMCID: PMC9338297 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32171-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) affects 5-10% of pregnancies, and can have serious consequences for both mother and child. Prevention and treatment are limited because FGR pathogenesis is poorly understood. Genetic studies implicate KIR and HLA genes in FGR, however, linkage disequilibrium, genetic influence from both parents, and challenges with investigating human pregnancies make the risk alleles and their functional effects difficult to map. Here, we demonstrate that the interaction between the maternal KIR2DL1, expressed on uterine natural killer (NK) cells, and the paternally inherited HLA-C*0501, expressed on fetal trophoblast cells, leads to FGR in a humanized mouse model. We show that the KIR2DL1 and C*0501 interaction leads to pathogenic uterine arterial remodeling and modulation of uterine NK cell function. This initial effect cascades to altered transcriptional expression and intercellular communication at the maternal-fetal interface. These findings provide mechanistic insight into specific FGR risk alleles, and provide avenues of prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurman Kaur
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caroline B M Porter
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Orr Ashenberg
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jack Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Samantha J Riesenfeld
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matan Hofree
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Aggelakopoulou
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Subita Balaram Kuttikkatte
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kathrine E Attfield
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christiane A E Desel
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University Department of Neurology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica L Davies
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hayley G Evans
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inbal Avraham-Davidi
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lan T Nguyen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Danielle A Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lise Torp Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas R Barber
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Soilleux
- Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Rd, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gil McVean
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Orit Rozenblatt-Rosen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Lars Fugger
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Kaur G, Gras S, Mobbs JI, Vivian JP, Cortes A, Barber T, Kuttikkatte SB, Jensen LT, Attfield KE, Dendrou CA, Carrington M, McVean G, Purcell AW, Rossjohn J, Fugger L. Structural and regulatory diversity shape HLA-C protein expression levels. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15924. [PMID: 28649982 PMCID: PMC5490200 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of HLA-C varies widely across individuals in an allele-specific manner. This variation in expression can influence efficacy of the immune response, as shown for infectious and autoimmune diseases. MicroRNA binding partially influences differential HLA-C expression, but the additional contributing factors have remained undetermined. Here we use functional and structural analyses to demonstrate that HLA-C expression is modulated not just at the RNA level, but also at the protein level. Specifically, we show that variation in exons 2 and 3, which encode the α1/α2 domains, drives differential expression of HLA-C allomorphs at the cell surface by influencing the structure of the peptide-binding cleft and the diversity of peptides bound by the HLA-C molecules. Together with a phylogenetic analysis, these results highlight the diversity and long-term balancing selection of regulatory factors that modulate HLA-C expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurman Kaur
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jesse I. Mobbs
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Julian P. Vivian
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Adrian Cortes
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thomas Barber
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Subita Balaram Kuttikkatte
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Lise Torp Jensen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200N Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kathrine E. Attfield
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Calliope A. Dendrou
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mary Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Gil McVean
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200N Aarhus, Denmark
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Immunization with Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors Expressing HCV Core or F Proteins Leads to T Cells with Reduced Effector Molecules Granzyme B and IFN-γ: A Potential New Strategy for Immune Evasion in HCV Infection. Viral Immunol 2015; 28:309-24. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Boucherma R, Kridane-Miledi H, Bouziat R, Rasmussen M, Gatard T, Langa-Vives F, Lemercier B, Lim A, Bérard M, Benmohamed L, Buus S, Rooke R, Lemonnier FA. HLA-A*01:03, HLA-A*24:02, HLA-B*08:01, HLA-B*27:05, HLA-B*35:01, HLA-B*44:02, and HLA-C*07:01 monochain transgenic/H-2 class I null mice: novel versatile preclinical models of human T cell responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:583-93. [PMID: 23776170 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have generated a panel of transgenic mice expressing HLA-A*01:03, -A*24:02, -B*08:01, -B*27:05, -B*35:01, -B*44:02, or -C*07:01 as chimeric monochain molecules (i.e., appropriate HLA α1α2 H chain domains fused with a mouse α3 domain and covalently linked to human β2-microglobulin). Whereas surface expression of several transgenes was markedly reduced in recipient mice that coexpressed endogenous H-2 class I molecules, substantial surface expression of all human transgenes was observed in mice lacking H-2 class I molecules. In these HLA monochain transgenic/H-2 class I null mice, we observed a quantitative and qualitative restoration of the peripheral CD8(+) T cell repertoire, which exhibited a TCR diversity comparable with C57BL/6 WT mice. Potent epitope-specific, HLA-restricted, IFN-γ-producing CD8(+) T cell responses were generated against known reference T cell epitopes after either peptide or DNA immunization. HLA-wise, these new transgenic strains encompass a large proportion of individuals from all major human races and ethnicities. In combination with the previously created HLA-A*02:01 and -B*07:02 transgenic mice, the novel HLA transgenic mice described in this report should be a versatile preclinical animal model that will speed up the identification and optimization of HLA-restricted CD8(+) T cell epitopes of potential interest in various autoimmune human diseases and in preclinical evaluation of T cell-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Boucherma
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Equipe Immunologie du Diabète, Hôpital Saint-Vincent-de-Paul, 75674 Paris, Cedex 14, France
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Preclinical Qualification of a New Multi-antigen Candidate Vaccine for Metastatic Melanoma. J Immunother 2010; 33:743-58. [DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3181eccc87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Inhibition of ICAM-1/LFA-1 interactions prevents B-cell-dependent anti-CD45RB-induced transplantation tolerance. Transplantation 2008; 85:675-80. [PMID: 18337659 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e3181663422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic tolerance can be reliably obtained with monoclonal antibody therapy targeting CD45RB. Although regulatory T cells play an important role in the mechanism, we have recently demonstrated the active participation of host B lymphocytes. After anti-CD45RB therapy, B lymphocytes demonstrate phenotypic alterations that include up-regulation of CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule [ICAM]-1). We have investigated the hypothesis that alteration in ICAM-1 expression is required for tolerance induction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Recipients of heterotopic allogeneic cardiac grafts (C3H donors into B6 recipients) were treated with anti-CD45RB, anti-ICAM, anti-lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA), or the combination of these agents. These data were extended by performing allogeneic cardiac transplants into ICAM or LFA recipients treated with a 5-day course of anti-CD45RB. Finally, B-cell-deficient animals were reconstituted with ICAM splenocytes to create a recipient with a selective deficiency of ICAM-1 restricted to the B-cell compartment. RESULTS Anti-CD45RB alone or the combination of anti-LFA/anti-ICAM reliably induced transplantation tolerance. However, the triple combination was routinely unsuccessful and induced long-term graft survival in no recipients. ICAM-deficient or LFA-deficient recipients were also resistant to tolerance induced by anti-CD45RB. Finally, transfer of control splenocytes to B-cell-deficient recipients permitted anti-CD45RB-induced tolerance, whereas transfer of ICAM cells was unable to support tolerance induction. CONCLUSIONS Expression of ICAM-1 by B lymphocytes and interaction with LFA-1 form a central aspect of transplantation tolerance induced by anti-CD45RB therapy. These data further elucidate the cellular mechanisms used by B lymphocytes in the induction of transplantation tolerance.
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Abstract
Classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens are trimeric molecules found on the surface of nucleated cells in all jawed vertebrates. MHC I are recognised by two families of receptors: clonotypic T cell receptors expressed on the surface of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), and monomorphic receptors expressed by both natural killer cells and CTLs. The production of MHC I molecules within the cells is a sequential process performed with the help of interacting proteins: proteases, chaperones, transporters and so on. Although largely homologous in their structure, organisation and function, the human and mouse MHC I antigen processing and presentation machineries show fine differences. Transgenesis and 'knockout' or 'knock-in' technologies permit the addition of relevant human genes or the replacement of mouse genes by their human orthologues in order to produce immunologically humanised mice. Such experimental animals are especially relevant for the comparative evaluation of immunotherapies and for the characterisation of MHC I peptide epitopes. This review presents the similarities and differences between mouse and human MHC I antigen processing machinery, and describes the development and utilisation of improving mouse models of human cytotoxic T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pascolo
- Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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8
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Hu N, D'Souza C, Cheung H, Lang H, Cheuk E, Chamberlain JW. Highly conserved pattern of recognition of influenza A wild-type and variant CD8+ CTL epitopes in HLA-A2+ humans and transgenic HLA-A2+/H2 class I-deficient mice. Vaccine 2005; 23:5231-44. [PMID: 16099553 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As an in vivo model for studying human MHC (HLA) class I-restricted CTL responses to viral infection, we established a series of HLA Tg mice expressing HLA-A2, -B7 or -B27 human/mouse hybrid genes on a background deficient for H2 class I (Tg HLA(hyb)/H2 class I DKO). To determine whether CTL recognition of influenza A (flu) infection in Tg HLA-A2(hyb)/H2 DKO mice is similar to HLA-A2+ humans, we compared the HLA-A2-restricted Tg mouse and human CD8+ T-cell responses to an immunodominant flu epitope (wild-type [WT] M1 58-66), as well as a variant of this peptide (var. M1 58-66). Similar to HLA-A2+ humans, our results show WT M1 58-66 is likely the dominant CTL epitope recognized in infected Tg HLA-A2(hyb)/H2 DKO mice. Var. M1 58-66 was also recognized by WT peptide-reactive T cells from both HLA-A2+ humans and Tg mice, although slightly less efficiently than WT M1 58-66 in both cases. Reduced variant recognition was shown to be associated with reduced peptide/A2 binding, as well as a more limited repertoire of utilized TCR Vbeta chains. The similar pattern of recognition and cross reaction observed here for the WT and variant M1 58-66 epitopes with HLA-A2 by human and Tg HLA mouse CTLs indicates that A2-dependent events of Ag processing, presentation and recognition are well-conserved between species. These findings demonstrate that this Tg HLA-A2/H2 DKO model will aid identification and development of epitopes as vaccines for numerous viral and tumor antigens for the HLA-A2 supertype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjie Hu
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5G 1X8
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He L, Hakimi J, Salha D, Miron I, Dunn P, Radvanyi L. A sensitive flow cytometry-based cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay through detection of cleaved caspase 3 in target cells. J Immunol Methods 2005; 304:43-59. [PMID: 16076473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe a highly sensitive flow cytometry-based CTL assay using the cleavage of caspase 3 in target cells as a readout. The assay involved labeling of cells with a cell tracker dye and staining permeabilized cells with an antibody recognizing cleaved caspase 3. The assay proved to be robust and reliable in measuring antigen-specific CTL activity in a number of human and murine systems, including MLR, human peptide-specific T-cell responses induced in vitro, and CTL responses following immunization of mice with viral and peptide vaccines. The assay was found to yield comparable results as 51Cr-release, but with markedly higher sensitivity. When compared to detection of antigen-specific T cells via HLA tetramer/pentamer-based methods of T-cell staining in HIV gag peptide-specific human T cell lines the caspase 3 cleavage readout assay exhibited a comparable level of sensitivity with detection of CTL function at antigen-specific T-cell frequencies of 1:15,000 or lower. A similar level of sensitivity was obtained when murine CTL assays were performed with MLR in which effector cells were highly diluted with naïve syngeneic spleen cells. Our results indicate that the caspase 3 cleavage assay may be a powerful tool to measure antigen-specific CTL responses in human vaccine trials and in pre-clinical animal models of CTL function at both high and low effector cell frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei He
- Immunology Platform, Aventis Pasteur Research and Development, Connaught Campus Toronto, Ontario, Canada M2R 3T4
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Radvanyi L, Singh-Sandhu D, Gallichan S, Lovitt C, Pedyczak A, Mallo G, Gish K, Kwok K, Hanna W, Zubovits J, Armes J, Venter D, Hakimi J, Shortreed J, Donovan M, Parrington M, Dunn P, Oomen R, Tartaglia J, Berinstein NL. The gene associated with trichorhinophalangeal syndrome in humans is overexpressed in breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:11005-10. [PMID: 16043716 PMCID: PMC1182410 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500904102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive differential gene expression screen on a panel of 54 breast tumors and >200 normal tissue samples using DNA microarrays revealed 15 genes specifically overexpressed in breast cancer. One of the most prevalent genes found was trichorhinophalangeal syndrome type 1 (TRPS-1), a gene previously shown to be associated with three rare autosomal dominant genetic disorders known as the trichorhinophalangeal syndromes. A number of corroborating methodologies, including in situ hybridization, e-Northern analysis using ORF EST (ORESTES) and Unigene EST abundance analysis, immunoblot and immunofluorescence analysis of breast tumor cell lines, and immunohistochemistry, confirmed the microarray findings. Immunohistochemistry analysis found TRPS-1 protein expressed in >90% of early- and late-stage breast cancer, including ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal, lobular, and papillary carcinomas. The TRPS-1 gene is also immunogenic with processed and presented peptides activating T cells found after vaccination of HLA-A2.1 transgenic mouse. Human T cell lines from HLA-A*0201+ female donors exhibiting TRPS-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity could also be generated.
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Cheuk E, Chamberlain JW. Strong memory CD8+ T cell responses against immunodominant and three new subdominant HLA-B27-restricted influenza A CTL epitopes following secondary infection of HLA-B27 transgenic mice. Cell Immunol 2005; 234:110-23. [PMID: 16054612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2005] [Revised: 06/05/2005] [Accepted: 06/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously showed that the known HLA-B27-restricted influenza A epitope identified from human studies, NP.383-391, was recognized by CTLs following influenza A infection of transgenic (Tg) HLA-B27/H2 class I-deficient (H2 DKO) mice. Here, we examined the kinetics of the primary NP.383-391-specific response in Tg HLA-B27/H2 DKO mice at the site of respiratory infection, along with the profile of additional influenza A epitopes recognized. While the temporal kinetics of the Tg HLA-B27/NP.383-391-specific CD8+ T cell response paralleled the H2-D(b)/NP.366-374-specific response of non-Tg H2b mice, the magnitude was less. Using epitope prediction programs, we identified three novel B27-restricted influenza A epitopes, PB2.702-710, PB1.571-579, and PB2.368-376, recognized during both the primary and secondary response to infection. Although the secondary NP.383-391-specific response was dominant, PB1.571-579 and PB2.368-376 stimulated stronger proliferative expansion in memory T cells. Our results indicate a broader B27/influenza A CTL repertoire than previously known. Together with results for other HLA class I alleles, this information will become important in improving vaccine strategies for influenza A and other human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Cheuk
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Borenstein SH, Tao KS, Mendicino M, Hu N, West LJ, Chamberlain JW. Induction of Xenogeneic Neonatal Tolerance to Transgenic Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I Grafts. Transplantation 2004; 78:844-52. [PMID: 15385803 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000136965.22023.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune response against xenografts is vigorous and poorly controlled with conventional immunosuppressants. Therefore, success in xenotransplantation will depend on developing additional approaches such as induction of immunologic unresponsiveness or tolerance. Although classic protocols of neonatal tolerance induction in mice are very tolerogenic in many allogeneic models, they have generally failed in xenogeneic models. The purpose of these studies was to determine whether failure results from an intrinsic property of xenogenic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules themselves or, instead, is caused by some limitation in species-specific molecular interactions distinct from the polymorphic domains of xenogenic MHC molecules. METHODS Our approach was to test the ability of lymphoid cells from a transgenic (Tg) mouse donor expressing a xeno-MHC class I molecule encoding the polymorphic alpha1/alpha2 for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B7 to induce neonatal tolerance in non-Tg syngeneic C57BL/6 recipients. Because the donor and recipient strains are genetically identical (C57BL/6, H-2b) except for Tg human MHC HLA-B7, any species-specific molecular incompatibility in this mouse anti-human class I xeno-combination that could potentially interfere with induction of tolerance has been eliminated. RESULTS Our results show that HLA-B7 Tg-, but not C57BL/6 syngeneic-, injected neonates were unresponsive as adults to HLA-B7-expressing target cells in vitro and specifically accepted HLA-B7-expressing Tg skin grafts. In addition, neonatal injection of donor cells resulted in peripheral chimerism. CONCLUSIONS These experiments demonstrate that, as long as species-specific molecular interactions are maintained, recognition of the polymorphic domains of xenogeneic MHC does not represent a barrier to neonatal tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven H Borenstein
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Alexander J, Oseroff C, Sidney J, Sette A. Derivation of HLA-B*0702 transgenic mice: functional CTL repertoire and recognition of human B*0702-restricted CTL epitopes. Hum Immunol 2003; 64:211-23. [PMID: 12559623 DOI: 10.1016/s0198-8859(02)00786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing chimeric human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*0702 and murine H-2K(b) class I molecules were evaluated as a model system to study the immunogenicity of human cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes. Immunization of these mice with six known HLA-B*0702-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant induced significant immune responses specific for all six epitopes. A comparison of the immune responses between HLA-B*0702/K(b) and HLA-A*0201/K(b) transgenic mice demonstrated that the HLA-B*0702/K(b) mice possess a T-cell receptor repertoire capable of recognizing human B*0702 epitopes. However, the magnitude of B*0702-specific responses induced in B*0702/K(b) mice were approximately tenfold lower than A*0201-specific responses induced in HLA-A*0201/K(b) transgenic mice. A panel of 24 B*0702 motif-bearing peptides was used to examine the relationship between immunogenicity and HLA-B*0702 binding capacity. All seven peptides with high binding affinities of 50% inhibitory concentration < or =50 NM (IC(50) 50 nM or less) were immunogenic. Similarly, 75% (9 of 12) of the intermediate binders (IC(50) nM of 50-500) were also immunogenic. Finally, only two of five peptides with binding capacity > 500 nM were found to have marginal immunogenicity, whereas the other three were completely negative. HLA-B*0702/K(b) transgenic mice were found to induce B*0702-specific responses after immunization with whole DNA genes or minigenes, suggesting that, at least to some degree, B*0702 epitopes were generated as a result of natural in vivo processing and presentation.
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Cheuk E, D'Souza C, Hu N, Liu Y, Lang H, Chamberlain JW. Human MHC class I transgenic mice deficient for H2 class I expression facilitate identification and characterization of new HLA class I-restricted viral T cell epitopes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 169:5571-80. [PMID: 12421934 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.169.10.5571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although mice transgenic (Tg) for human MHC (HLA) class I alleles could provide an important model for characterizing HLA-restricted viral and tumor Ag CTL epitopes, the extent to which Tg mouse T cells become HLA restricted in the presence of endogenous H2 class I and recognize the same peptides as in HLA allele-matched humans is not clear. We previously described Tg mice carrying the HLA-B27, HLA-B7, or HLA-A2 alleles expressed as fully native (HLA(nat)) (with human beta(2)-microglobulin) and as hybrid human/mouse (HLA(hyb)) molecules on the H2(b) background. To eliminate the influence of H2(b) class I, each HLA Tg strain was bred with a H2-K(b)/H2-D(b)-double knockout (DKO) strain to generate mice in which the only classical class I expression was the human molecule. Expression of each HLA(hyb) molecule and HLA-B27(nat)/human beta(2)-microglobulin led to peripheral CD8(+) T cell levels comparable with that for mice expressing a single H2-K(b) or H2-D(b) gene. Influenza A infection of Tg HLA-B27(hyb)/DKO generated a strong CD8(+) T cell response directed at the same peptide (flu nucleoprotein NP383-391) recognized by CTLs from flu-infected B27(+) humans. As HLA-B7/flu epitopes were not known from human studies, we used flu-infected Tg HLA-B7(hyb)/DKO mice to examine the CTL response to candidate peptides identified based on the B7 binding motif. We have identified flu NP418-426 as a major HLA-B7-restricted flu CTL epitope. In summary, the HLA class I Tg/H2-K/H2-D DKO mouse model described in this study provides a sensitive and specific approach for identifying and characterizing HLA-restricted CTL epitopes for a variety of human disease-associated Ags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Cheuk
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X8
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15
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Hadidi S, Chen Z, Phillips J, Yu K, Gorczynski RM. Antisense deoxyoligonucleotides or antibodies to murine MD-1 inhibit rejection of allogeneic and xenogeneic skin grafts in C3H mice. Transplantation 2002; 73:1771-9. [PMID: 12085000 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200206150-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered expression of murine MD-1, a molecule controlling expression of members of the interleukin (IL)-1 receptor family of signaling proteins, regulates antigen-presenting cell-induced alloreactions. We investigated the effect of treatment with antisense deoxyoligonucleotides or antibodies to MD-1 in vivo on allogeneic and xenogeneic skin graft survival and the immune responses in transplanted mice. METHODS C3H mice received C57BL/6 or Lewis rat skin grafts, followed by i.v. injections of anti-MD-1 antibody or antisense oligonucleotides or control reagents at 48-hr intervals. Survival was monitored. In separate studies, mice were sacrificed at 5-day intervals. Serum was analyzed for circulating MD-1 antigen, and peritoneal cells for surface expression of MD-1. The proliferative and cytolytic response of lymphocytes harvested from treated animals and restimulated in vitro with allo- or xenogeneic cells, and the cytokines produced, was measured. Graft histology was assessed at 11 days after transplantation. RESULTS Treatment with anti-MD-1 oligonucleotides or antibodies suppressed rejection of both xeno- and allogeneic grafts, decreased induction of graft-specific cytotoxic T cells, increased production of type-2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10), and decreased production of type-1 cytokines (IL-2 and interferon-gamma). Serum levels of MD-1 were suppressed, as was expression of MD-1 on the surface of antigen-presenting cells. Grafts from MD-1-treated mice showed little lymphocyte infiltration, and no signs of graft necrosis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a critical in vivo role for MD-1 expression in regulating graft rejection, as well as in the concomitant sensitization of T cells and their cytokine production profile, which parallels the rejection response.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antigens, Surface/blood
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Cell Division/immunology
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/prevention & control
- Graft Rejection/therapy
- Graft Survival/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-4/biosynthesis
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Skin Transplantation/immunology
- Spleen/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Transplantation, Homologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Hadidi
- Toronto General Hospital, Transplant Research Division, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, M5G 2C4 Ontario, Canada
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16
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Sharland A, Patel A, Lee JH, Cestra AE, Saidman S, Waneck GL. Genetically modified HLA class I molecules able to inhibit human NK cells without provoking alloreactive CD8+ CTLs. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:3266-74. [PMID: 11907081 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.7.3266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human NK cells are likely to be important effectors of xenograft rejection. Expression of HLA class I molecules by transfected porcine cells can protect them from human NK cell-mediated lysis; however, this strategy has the potential to augment the anti-graft response by recipient CD8(+) T cells recognizing foreign pig peptides presented by HLA. In this study we show that the introduction of a mutation (D227K) in the alpha(3) domain of HLA-Cw3 abrogates its recognition by CD8-dependent T cells but leaves intact its ability to function as an inhibitory ligand for NK cells. Such genetically modified molecules may have potential therapeutic applications in the prevention of delayed xenograft rejection and in the facilitation of allogeneic and xenogeneic bone marrow engraftment.
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MESH Headings
- Aspartic Acid/genetics
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Death/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Transformed/immunology
- Cell Line, Transformed/metabolism
- Clone Cells
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Down-Regulation/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/immunology
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- HLA-C Antigens/biosynthesis
- HLA-C Antigens/genetics
- HLA-C Antigens/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lysine/genetics
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, KIR
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Sharland
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Transplantation Biology Research Center, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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17
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Zhang XL, Zhao S, Borenstein S, Liu Y, Jayabalasingham B, Chamberlain J. CD8 expression up to the double-positive CD3(low/intermediate) stage of thymic differentiation is sufficient for development of peripheral functional cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Exp Med 2001; 194:685-93. [PMID: 11535636 PMCID: PMC2195943 DOI: 10.1084/jem.194.5.685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of CD8alpha transcription during development of alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) T lymphocytes is mediated by at least two distinct stage-specific cis-acting transcriptional mechanisms (i.e., enhancers). On the CD8alpha(-/-) knockout (KO) background, cis-mechanism I and cis-mechanism II together mediate appropriate stage- and sublineage-specific transgenic (Tg) CD8alpha expression and "rescue" development of peripheral CD8(+) single-positive (SP) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In contrast, on the wild-type (WT)/CD8(+/+) or CD8alpha(-/-)KO backgrounds, a CD8alpha Tg directed by cis-mechanism I alone is activated during the double negative [DN] to double positive [DP] transition and expressed up to the CD3(low/intermediate) DP stage but not in more mature DP or SP thymocytes or peripheral T cells. As loss of cis mechanism I activity occurs around the onset of positive selection, it is possible that events associated with TCR/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) interactions and selection are involved in initiating these changes in CD8alpha transcription. To examine this issue, phenotypic and functional studies were performed for thymocytes and T cells of CD8alpha(-/-) KO mice that expressed a CD8alpha Tg under control of cis-mechanism I only. Despite loss of CD8alpha expression at the DP CD3(low/intermediate) stage, increased populations of mature CD3(hi)CD4(-)CD8(-) thymocytes and CD3(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) peripheral T cells were detected. By several criteria, including MHC class I-restricted antigen recognition, these cells have at least partially undergone positive and negative selection. Therefore, initiation of selection and sublineage commitment are determined before loss of cis-mechanism I-mediated control of CD8alpha transcription. Further, CD8 expression beyond the CD3(low/intermediate) DP thymic stage is not essential for CTL development in vivo or function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Ly/immunology
- CD8 Antigens/genetics
- CD8 Antigens/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Skin Transplantation/immunology
- Skin Transplantation/pathology
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- X.-L. Zhang
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - S. Zhao
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - S.H. Borenstein
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Y. Liu
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children
| | - B. Jayabalasingham
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - J.W. Chamberlain
- Research Institute, Program in Infection, Immunity, Injury and Repair, The Hospital for Sick Children
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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