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Ai D, Yin Y, Xia X, Yang S, Sun Y, Zhou J, Qin H, Xu X, Song J. Validation of a physiological type 2 diabetes model in human periodontal ligament stem cells. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3363-3375. [PMID: 37794779 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a recognized risk factor for periodontitis, is characterized by insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms concerning the role of insulin resistance in linking T2DM and periodontitis remain poorly elucidated due to the absence of an appropriate T2DM cell model. We aimed to explore an appropriate model of T2DM in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) and uncover the involved mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS hPDLSCs were incubated with common reagents for recapitulating insulin resistance state including high glucose (HG) (15, 25, 35, 45 mM), glucosamine (0.8, 8, 18, 28, 38 mM), or palmitic acid (PA; 100, 200, 400, 800 μM), combined with LPS for 48 h. The insulin signaling pathway, inflammation, and pyroptosis were detected by western blots and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The effects on osteogenesis were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red S staining, RT-qPCR, and western blots. RESULTS HG failed to recapitulate insulin resistance. Glucosamine was sufficient to induce insulin resistance but failed to trigger inflammation. In total, 100 and 200 μM PA exhibited the most proinflammatory, insulin resistance, and pyroptosis induced role, and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. CONCLUSION Palmitic acid is a promising candidate for developing T2DM model in hPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Ai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuyun Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Han Qin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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2
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Markiewicz E, Karaman-Jurukovska N, Mammone T, Idowu OC. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Dark Skin: Molecular Mechanism and Skincare Implications. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2555-2565. [PMID: 36466945 PMCID: PMC9709857 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s385162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Human skin is characterized by significant diversity in color and tone, which are determined by the quantity and distribution of melanin pigment in the epidermis. Melanin absorbs and reflects ultraviolet radiation (UVR), preventing the damage to genomic DNA in the epidermis and degradation of collagen in the dermis; therefore, darker skin types are thought to be well protected from the photodamage because of the high melanin content. However, increased content of melanin in combination with the extrinsic stress factors causing inflammation such as excess UVR, allergic reactions, or injury can also frequently lead to cosmetic problems resulting in discoloration and scarring. This review summarizes current knowledge on histopathology and likely molecular signatures of one of the most common problems, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). The mechanisms proposed so far are subsequently discussed in the context of other factors characterizing darker skin types. This includes the common cellular features, organization of upper skin layers, and major biomarkers, with particular emphasis on increased propensities to systemic and localized inflammation. Enhanced or prolonged inflammatory responses can not only affect the process of melanogenesis but also have been implicated in injury-related skin pathologies and aging. Finally, we summarize the major cosmetic treatments for PIH and their known anti-inflammatory targets, which can be beneficial for darker skin tones and combined with broad-spectrum filters against UVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Markiewicz
- Hexis Lab, The Catalyst, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Olusola C Idowu
- Hexis Lab, The Catalyst, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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3
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Kempa J, O’Shea-Stone G, Moss CE, Peters T, Marcotte TK, Tripet B, Eilers B, Bothner B, Copié V, Pincus SH. Distinct Metabolic States Are Observed in Hypoglycemia Induced in Mice by Ricin Toxin or by Fasting. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120815. [PMID: 36548712 PMCID: PMC9782143 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoglycemia may be induced by a variety of physiologic and pathologic stimuli and can result in life-threatening consequences if untreated. However, hypoglycemia may also play a role in the purported health benefits of intermittent fasting and caloric restriction. Previously, we demonstrated that systemic administration of ricin toxin induced fatal hypoglycemia in mice. Here, we examine the metabolic landscape of the hypoglycemic state induced in the liver of mice by two different stimuli: systemic ricin administration and fasting. Each stimulus produced the same decrease in blood glucose and weight loss. The polar metabolome was studied using 1H NMR, quantifying 59 specific metabolites, and untargeted LC-MS on approximately 5000 features. Results were analyzed by multivariate analyses, using both principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), to identify global metabolic patterns, and by univariate analyses (ANOVA) to assess individual metabolites. The results demonstrated that while there were some similarities in the responses to the two stimuli including decreased glucose, ADP, and glutathione, they elicited distinct metabolic states. The metabolite showing the greatest difference was O-phosphocholine, elevated in ricin-treated animals and known to be affected by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. Another difference was the alternative fuel source utilized, with fasting-induced hypoglycemia primarily ketotic, while the response to ricin-induced hypoglycemia involves protein and amino acid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Kempa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Galen O’Shea-Stone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Corinne E. Moss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Tami Peters
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Tamera K. Marcotte
- Animal Resources Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Brian Tripet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Brian Eilers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Valérie Copié
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Seth H. Pincus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Correspondence: (V.C.); (S.H.P.)
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4
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Fahie KMM, Papanicolaou KN, Zachara NE. Integration of O-GlcNAc into Stress Response Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:3509. [PMID: 36359905 PMCID: PMC9654274 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins by O-linked βN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a dynamic and essential post-translational modification of mammalian proteins. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off over 5000 proteins in response to diverse stimuli impacting protein function and, in turn, epigenetics and transcription, translation and proteostasis, metabolism, cell structure, and signal transduction. Environmental and physiological injury lead to complex changes in O-GlcNAcylation that impact cell and tissue survival in models of heat shock, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, as well as ischemic reperfusion injury. Numerous mechanisms that appear to underpin O-GlcNAc-mediated survival include changes in chaperone levels, impacts on the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response, improvements in mitochondrial function, and reduced protein aggregation. Here, we discuss the points at which O-GlcNAc is integrated into the cellular stress response, focusing on the roles it plays in the cardiovascular system and in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamau M. M. Fahie
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kyriakos N. Papanicolaou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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5
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Alexander LAM, Ln D, Eg Z, Is D, Ay K, Ss R, Ea T, Sp Y, Ez Y, L G. Pharmacological Management of Osteoarthritis With a Focus on Symptomatic Slow-Acting Drugs: Recommendations From Leading Russian Experts. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:e533-e539. [PMID: 32732520 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article describes an updated stepwise algorithm for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis (OA) to establish a treatment method for patients with OA. SUMMARY In step 1, background maintenance therapy includes symptomatic slow-acting drugs for OA, especially prescription crystalline glucosamine sulfate product, for which the high-quality evidence base of efficacy is unequivocal, or prescription chondroitin sulfate. Oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or paracetamol only as rescue analgesia is given on top of the background therapy. Step 2: For patients with persistent OA symptoms, the use of oral NSAIDs is mandatory for maintaining supportive therapy with symptomatic slow-acting drugs for OA. It is recommended to properly stratify patients and carefully select oral NSAID therapy to maximize the benefit-to-risk ratio. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid and intra-articular corticosteroids are recommended as well in step 2 of the algorithm, especially for patients who do not respond to the previous therapies. Step 3: Duloxetine is considered along with the previous procedures, especially in patients with pain from central sensitization. Step 4: Total joint replacement is recommended for patients with severe symptoms and poor quality of life. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The current guidelines and literature review provide evidence-based recommendations supported by clinical experience on how to organize the treatment process in patients with knee OA applicable in the Russian clinical practice. FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS International evidence-based guidelines lack consensus on different treatments, including the use of prescription crystalline glucosamine sulfate, NSAIDs, and intra-articular hyaluronic acid. The content of this article needs a further discussion about the clinical evidence and harmonization of recommendations for knee OA management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zotkin Eg
- From the Russian State Research Institute of Rheumatology
| | - Dydykina Is
- From the Russian State Research Institute of Rheumatology
| | - Kochish Ay
- Russian Scientific Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, St. Petersburg
| | - Rodionova Ss
- Department of Osteoporosis, Russian Central State Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow
| | - Trofimov Ea
- Chair of Internal Disease, North-West State Medical University, St. Petersburg
| | - Yakupova Sp
- Department of Internal Disease, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan
| | - Yakupov Ez
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Medical Genetics, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Gallelli L
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro, and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance Unit, Mater Domini Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
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6
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Zhang H, Li S, Lu J, Jin J, Zhu G, Wang L, Yan Y, He L, Wang B, Wang X, Yu H. α-Cyperone (CYP) down-regulates NF-κB and MAPKs signaling, attenuating inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation in chondrocytes, to ameliorate osteoarthritis in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17690-17706. [PMID: 34237707 PMCID: PMC8312409 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation have been implicated in the pathological process of osteoarthritis (OA). α-Cyperone is the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Cyperus rotundus L. In this study, we found that α-Cyperone abolished the IL-1β-induced production of inflammatory cytokines in isolated rat chondrocytes, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), in a dose-dependent manner (0.75, 1.5 or 3 μM). Also, the results showed that α-Cyperone downregulated the expression of metalloproteinases (MMPs) and thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5), and upregulated the expression of type-2 collagen. Mechanistically, molecular docking tests revealed that α-Cyperone stably and effectively binds to p65, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). α-Cyperone inhibited NF-κB activation by blocking its nuclear transfer, and decreasing the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs). In addition, in vivo studies based on a mouse model of arthritis showed that α-Cyperone prevented the development of osteoarthritis. Therefore, α-Cyperone may be a potential anti-OA drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sunlong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiajie Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gaosheng Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingzhao Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Linjie He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huachen Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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7
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The Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway as a Therapeutic Target after Cartilage Trauma: Modification of Chondrocyte Survival and Metabolism by Glucosamine Derivatives and PUGNAc in an Ex Vivo Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147247. [PMID: 34298867 PMCID: PMC8305151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is essential for the production of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), the building block of glycosaminoglycans, thus playing a crucial role in cartilage anabolism. Although O-GlcNAcylation represents a protective regulatory mechanism in cellular processes, it has been associated with degenerative diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). The present study focuses on HBP-related processes as potential therapeutic targets after cartilage trauma. Human cartilage explants were traumatized and treated with GlcNAc or glucosamine sulfate (GS); PUGNAc, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase; or azaserine (AZA), an inhibitor of GFAT-1. After 7 days, cell viability and gene expression analysis of anabolic and catabolic markers, as well as HBP-related enzymes, were performed. Moreover, expression of catabolic enzymes and type II collagen (COL2) biosynthesis were determined. Proteoglycan content was assessed after 14 days. Cartilage trauma led to a dysbalanced expression of different HBP-related enzymes, comparable to the situation in highly degenerated tissue. While GlcNAc and PUGNAc resulted in significant cell protection after trauma, only PUGNAc increased COL2 biosynthesis. Moreover, PUGNAc and both glucosamine derivatives had anti-catabolic effects. In contrast, AZA increased catabolic processes. Overall, “fueling” the HBP by means of glucosamine derivatives or inhibition of deglycosylation turned out as cells and chondroprotectives after cartilage trauma.
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8
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Tabassum N, Ahmed S, Ali MA. Chitooligosaccharides and their structural-functional effect on hydrogels: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117882. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Roy HS, Singh R, Ghosh D. Recent advances in nanotherapeutic strategies that target nitric oxide pathway for preventing cartilage degeneration. Nitric Oxide 2021; 109-110:1-11. [PMID: 33571602 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important inflammatory mediator involved in the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Increased production of NO in the affected joints promote cartilage damage. As NO synthesis is catalysed by the inducible NO synthase (iNOS) enzyme, iNOS inhibition serves as an attractive therapeutic target to prevent NO release. Despite a number of direct and indirect iNOS inhibitor molecules demonstrating chondro-protective effect, none have reached the clinic. Its limited bioavailability and adverse side effects served as a deterrent for pursuing clinical trials in OA patients. With the advent of nanotechnology, interest in targeting NO for preventing cartilage degeneration has revived. In this article, we discuss the limitations of the existing molecules and provide an insight on recent nanotechnology-based strategies that have been explored for the diagnosis and inhibition of NO in OA. These approaches hold promise in reviving the hitherto under explored potential of targeting NO to address OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekhar Roy
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rupali Singh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nanoscience and Technology (INST), Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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10
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De Chavez D, Kobayashi H, Fukuoka A, Hasegawa JY. On the Electronic Structure Origin of Mechanochemically Induced Selectivity in Acid-Catalyzed Chitin Hydrolysis. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:187-197. [PMID: 33382273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, mechanical ball milling was applied to chitin depolymerization. The mechanical activation afforded higher selectivity toward glycosidic bond cleavage over amide bond breakage. Hence, the bioactive N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) monomer was preferentially produced over glucosamine. In this regard, the force-dependent mechanochemical activation-deactivation process in the relaxed and pulled GlcNAc dimer undergoing deacetylation and depolymerization reactions was studied. For the relaxed case, the activation energies of the rate-determining steps (RDS) proved that the two reactions could occur simultaneously. Mechanical forces associated with ball milling were approximated with linear pulling and were introduced explicitly in the RDS of both reactions through force-modified potential energy surface (FMPES) formalism. In general, as the applied pulling force increases, the activation energy of the RDS of deacetylation shows no meaningful change, while that of depolymerization decreases. This result is consistent with the selectivity exhibited in the experiment. Energy and structural analyses for the depolymerization showed that the activation can be attributed to a significant change in the glycosidic dihedral at the reactant state. A lone pair of the neighboring pyranose ring O adopts a syn-periplanar conformation relative to the glycosidic bond. This promotes electron donation to the σ*-orbital of the glycosidic bond, leading to activation. Consequently, the Brønsted-Lowry basicity of the glycosidic oxygen also increases, which can facilitate acid catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danjo De Chavez
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Jun-Ya Hasegawa
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, N21W10, Kita-Ku, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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11
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Yamagishi Y, Someya A, Nagaoka I. Citrulline cooperatively exerts an anti-inflammatory effect on synovial cells with glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine. Biomed Rep 2020; 13:37-42. [PMID: 32440348 DOI: 10.3892/br.2020.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of citrulline (Cit), glucosamine (GlcN) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) on synovial cells, which are primarily involved in inflammatory joint diseases. The combined effect of Cit, GlcN and GlcNAc on synovial cell inflammation was assessed by measuring IL-1β-induced IL-6 production. GlcN and GlcNAc (0.5 mM each) alone did not suppress IL-6 production, whereas Cit (0.5 mM) did significantly suppress IL-6 production. Furthermore, the combined effect of Cit, GlcNAc and GlcN was examined; Cit + GlcN and Cit + GlcNAc significantly suppressed not only IL-6 production, but also phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Similarly, combination of GlcN + GlcNAc significantly suppressed IL-6 production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2. These observations suggest that among Cit, GlcNAc and GlcN, the combination of Cit with GlcN or GlcNAc exerts a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect on synovial cells, thereby possibly exhibiting chondroprotective effects and alleviating inflammatory joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Yamagishi
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Akimasa Someya
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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12
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Rocha B, Cillero-Pastor B, Eijkel G, Calamia V, Fernandez-Puente P, Paine MRL, Ruiz-Romero C, Heeren RMA, Blanco FJ. Integrative Metabolic Pathway Analysis Reveals Novel Therapeutic Targets in Osteoarthritis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:574-588. [PMID: 31980557 PMCID: PMC7124476 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis (OA), impairment of cartilage regeneration can be related to a defective chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Therefore, understanding the proteomic- and metabolomic-associated molecular events during the chondrogenesis of MSCs could provide alternative targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, a SILAC-based proteomic analysis identified 43 proteins related with metabolic pathways whose abundance was significantly altered during the chondrogenesis of OA human bone marrow MSCs (hBMSCs). Then, the level and distribution of metabolites was analyzed in these cells and healthy controls by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), leading to the recognition of characteristic metabolomic profiles at the early stages of differentiation. Finally, integrative pathway analysis showed that UDP-glucuronic acid synthesis and amino sugar metabolism were downregulated in OA hBMSCs during chondrogenesis compared with healthy cells. Alterations in these metabolic pathways may disturb the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) and other relevant cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) components. This work provides a novel integrative insight into the molecular alterations of osteoarthritic MSCs and potential therapeutic targets for OA drug development through the enhancement of chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rocha
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Unidad de Proteómica, INIBIC - Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Berta Cillero-Pastor
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Eijkel
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Valentina Calamia
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Unidad de Proteómica, INIBIC - Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Patricia Fernandez-Puente
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, Agrupación CICA-INIBIC, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Martin R L Paine
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología (GIR), Unidad de Proteómica, INIBIC - Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ron M A Heeren
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I), Division of Imaging Mass Spectrometry, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco J Blanco
- Grupo de Investigación de Reumatología, INIBIC-Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, Departamento de Medicina Universidad de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
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13
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Breborowicz A, Pawlaczyk–Kuzlan M, Pawlaczyk K, Baum E, Tam P, Wu G. Replacement of Glucose with N-Acetylglucosamine in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluid—Experimental Study in Rats. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080102103s69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucose is still used as an osmotic solute in peritoneal dialysis fluids, despite evidence of its local (peritoneal) and systemic toxicities. However a constant search is underway for a new, more biocompatible osmotic solute for peritoneal dialysis fluids. Objective The present study evaluated N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) in a concentration of 220 mmol/ L as an alternative to glucose for the osmotic solute in peritoneal dialysis fluid, during chronic peritoneal dialysis in rats. Methods For 8 weeks, male Wistar rats were infused with glucose-based or NAG-based dialysis fluid. Intraperitoneal inflammation and peritoneal permeability and morphology were evaluated in all rats during the study. Results Repeated intraperitoneal infusion of the NAG-based dialysis fluid resulted in a weaker intra-abdominal inflammatory reaction as compared with the reaction in rats infused with glucose-based dialysis solution. At the end of the study, the concentration of hyaluronan in the peritoneal interstitium obtained from NAG-treated rats was higher than that found in the interstitium taken from animals exposed to dialysis fluid containing glucose. Also, peritoneal permeability to total protein was lower in NAG-treated rats. Conclusion As an alternative to glucose, NAG used for the osmotic solute in peritoneal dialysis solution decreases the intraperitoneal inflammatory reaction induced by the process of peritoneal dialysis and, indirectly (owing to the increased hyaluronan content in the peritoneal interstitium), diminishes peritoneal permeability to protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ewa Baum
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan Medical School, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paul Tam
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan Medical School, Poznan, Poland
| | - George Wu
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Silva JF, Olivon VC, Mestriner FLAC, Zanotto CZ, Ferreira RG, Ferreira NS, Silva CAA, Luiz JPM, Alves JV, Fazan R, Cunha FQ, Alves-Filho JC, Tostes RC. Acute Increase in O-GlcNAc Improves Survival in Mice With LPS-Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1614. [PMID: 32038294 PMCID: PMC6985589 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) resulting from a severe infection that is characterized by immune dysregulation, cardiovascular derangements, and end-organ dysfunction. The modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) influences many of the key processes that are altered during sepsis, including the production of inflammatory mediators and vascular contractility. Here, we investigated whether O-GlcNAc affects the inflammatory response and cardiovascular dysfunction associated with sepsis. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 20 mg/Kg) to induce endotoxic shock and systemic inflammation, resembling sepsis-induced SIRS. The effects of an acute increase in O-GlcNAcylation, by treatment of mice with glucosamine (GlcN, 300 mg/Kg, i.v.) or thiamet-G (ThG, 150 μg/Kg, i.v.), on LPS-associated mortality, production and release of cytokines by macrophages and vascular cells, vascular responsiveness to constrictors and blood pressure were then determined. Mice under LPS-induced SIRS exhibited a systemic and local inflammatory response with increased levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), as well as severe hypotension and vascular hyporesponsiveness, characterized by reduced vasoconstriction to phenylephrine. In addition, LPS increased neutrophil infiltration in lungs and produced significant lethality. Treatment with GlcN and ThG reduced systemic inflammation and attenuated hypotension and the vascular refractoriness to phenylephrine, improving survival. GlcN and ThG also decreased LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines by bone marrow-derived macrophages and nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in RAW 264.7 NF-κB promoter macrophages. Treatment of mice with ThG increased O-glycosylation of NF-κB p65 subunit in mesenteric arteries, which was associated with reduced Ser536 phosphorylation of NF-κB p65. Finally, GlcN also increased survival rates in mice submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), a sepsis model. In conclusion, increased O-GlcNAc reduces systemic inflammation and cardiovascular disfunction in experimental sepsis models, pointing this pathway as a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane Fernandes Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiola Leslie A C Mestriner
- Department of Surgery and Anatomy, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Camila Ziliotto Zanotto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raphael Gomes Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nathanne Santos Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Mesquita Luiz
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Juliano Vilela Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rubens Fazan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiróz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jose Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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15
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The N-Acetyl Phenylalanine Glucosamine Derivative Attenuates the Inflammatory/Catabolic Environment in a Chondrocyte-Synoviocyte Co-Culture System. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13603. [PMID: 31537813 PMCID: PMC6753094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent degenerative joint disease, still lacks a true disease-modifying therapy. The involvement of the NF-κB pathway and its upstream activating kinases in OA pathogenesis has been recognized for many years. The ability of the N-acetyl phenylalanine glucosamine derivative (NAPA) to increase anabolism and reduce catabolism via inhibition of IKKα kinase has been previously observed in vitro and in vivo. The present study aims to confirm the chondroprotective effects of NAPA in an in vitro model of joint OA established with primary cells, respecting both the crosstalk between chondrocytes and synoviocytes and their phenotypes. This model satisfactorily reproduces some features of the previously investigated DMM model, such as the prominent induction of ADAMTS-5 upon inflammatory stimulation. Both gene and protein expression analysis indicated the ability of NAPA to counteract key cartilage catabolic enzymes (ADAMTS-5) and effectors (MCP-1). Molecular analysis showed the ability of NAPA to reduce IKKα nuclear translocation and H3Ser10 phosphorylation, thus inhibiting IKKα transactivation of NF-κB signalling, a pivotal step in the NF-κB-dependent gene expression of some of its targets. In conclusion, our data confirm that NAPA could truly act as a disease-modifying drug in OA.
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16
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Kashiuchi S, Miyazawa R, Nagata H, Shirai M, Shimizu M, Sone H, Kamiyama S. Effects of administration of glucosamine and chicken cartilage hydrolysate on rheumatoid arthritis in SKG mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:5008-5017. [PMID: 31355395 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00981g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplementation with cartilage constituents, such as glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate and collagen peptide, are believed to reduce pain associated with joint disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we administered daily, 10 mg glucosamine or 100 mg chicken cartilage hydrolysate (CH) to SKG/Jcl mice, a model for spontaneous RA, for 5 weeks and evaluated their effects on RA development. In SKG mice, the administration of glucosamine had no reducing effect on RA score but suppressed the expression of Mmp13 and Col3a1 genes in articular cartilage. In contrast, administration of CH suppressed the RA score and levels of plasma interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 to half, although the differences were not significant. Mice administered with glucosamine also showed decreased bone strength of femur and these adverse effects could be eliminated when glucosamine was used in conjunction with CH. These results suggest that CH and glucosamine exert effects on different aspects in SKG mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kashiuchi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Studies, University of Niigata Prefecture, 471 Ebigase, Higashi-ku, Niigata 950-8680, Japan.
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17
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Naraoka Y, Harada H, Katagiri M, Yamamura H, Shirasawa T. N-acetyl glucosamine and proteoglycan containing supplement improves the locomotor functions of subjects with knee pain. Drug Discov Ther 2019; 11:140-145. [PMID: 28757514 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2017.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-acetyl glucosamine and proteoglycan-containing supplement (NGPS) on knee pain and locomotor functions in middle-aged and elderly persons with knee pain. An open trial was conducted on 19 subjects suffering from knee pain. The subjects, aged (55.6 ± 6.9) years, were given the NGPS tablets, which they must take 3 times per day, that contain 526.5 mg of N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) and 33.6 mg of proteoglycan for 12 weeks. Subjective pain was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while the function of the knee with regard to daily operation was evaluated using the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Score (JKOM). Walking, stair-climbing and swelling were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopedic Association Score (JOA). These items were evaluated at a baseline, and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of NGPS treatment. The VAS scores at 8 (p = 0.004) and 12 (p < 0.001) weeks were significantly lower than that at the baseline. The JKOM total score was significantly lower at 8 and 12 weeks (p = 0.001) than that at the baseline. The JOA score in the more painful side of the leg was significantly higher at 12 weeks (p = 0.002) than that at the baseline. The present study reveals that intake of NGPS is effective for relieving knee pain and improving knee function when walking or climbing stairs, swelling and bending or stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Harada
- Shirasawa Anti-Aging Medical Institute.,Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University
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18
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Shahine EM, Elhadidi AS. Efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in lowering serum level of interleukin-1β in symptomatic primary knee osteoarthritis: Clinical and laboratory study. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajme.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Enas M. Shahine
- Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department , Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria University , Egypt
| | - Abeer S. Elhadidi
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine , Alexandria University , Egypt
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19
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Wang HC, Lin YT, Lin TH, Chang NJ, Lin CC, Hsu HC, Yeh ML. Intra-articular injection of N-acetylglucosamine and hyaluronic acid combined with PLGA scaffolds for osteochondral repair in rabbits. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209747. [PMID: 30596714 PMCID: PMC6312252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Repairing damaged articular cartilage is particularly challenging because of the limited ability of cartilage to perform self-repair. Intra-articular injections of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) comprise a method of repairing full-thickness articular cartilage defects in the rabbit knee joint model. To date, the effects of administration of GlcNAc and hyaluronic acid (HA) have been investigated only in the context of osteoarthritis treatment. Therefore, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of using cell-free porous poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) graft implants and intra-articular injections of GlcNAc or HA in a rabbit model of osteochondral regeneration to investigate whether they have the potential for inducing osteochondral regeneration when used alone or simultaneously. Twenty-four rabbits were randomized into one of four groups: the scaffold-only group (PLGA), the scaffold with intra-articular injections of GlcNAc (PLGA+G) group, twice per week for four weeks; the scaffold with intra-articular injections of HA group (PLGA+HA) group, once per week for three weeks; and the scaffold with intra-articular injections of GlcNAc and HA (PLGA+G+HA) group, once per week for three weeks. Knees were evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. At the end of testing, only the PLGA+G+HA group exhibited significant bone reconstruction, chondrocyte clustering, and good interactions with adjacent surfaces at 4 weeks. Additionally, the PLGA+G+HA group demonstrated essentially original hyaline cartilage structures that appeared to have sound chondrocyte orientation, considerable glycosaminoglycan levels, and reconstruction of the bone structure at 12 weeks. Moreover, the PLGA+G+HA group showed organized osteochondral integration and significantly higher bone volume per tissue volume and trabecular thickness. However, there were no significant differences between the PLGA+G and PLGA+HA groups except for gap formation on subchondral bone in the PLGA+G group. This study demonstrated that PLGA implantation combined with intra-articular injections of GlcNAc and HA allowed for cartilage and bone regeneration and significantly promoted osteochondral regeneration in rabbits without supplementation of exogenous growth factors. And the combination of this two supplements with PLGA scaffold could also prolong injection interval and better performance than either of them alone for the reconstruction of osteochondral tissue in the knee joints of rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Jen Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chan Lin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Long Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Leonidou A, Lepetsos P, Mintzas M, Kenanidis E, Macheras G, Tzetis M, Potoupnis M, Tsiridis E. Inducible nitric oxide synthase as a target for osteoarthritis treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:299-318. [PMID: 29504411 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1448062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is the enzyme responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO), a major proinflammatory and destructive mediator in osteoarthritis (OA). Areas covered: This is a comprehensive review of the recent literature on the involvement of iNOS in osteoarthritis and its potential to be used as a target for OA treatment. Evidence from in vitro, in vivo and human studies was systematically collected using medical search engines. Preclinical studies have focused on the effect of direct and indirect iNOS inhibitors in both animal and human tissues. Apart from direct inhibitors, common pharmacological agents, herbal and dietary medicines as well as hyperbaric oxygen, low level laser and low intensity pulsed ultrasound have been shown to exhibit a chondroprotective effect by inhibiting the expression of iNOS. Expert opinion: Data support the further investigation of iNOS inhibitors for the treatment of OA in human studies and clinical trials. Indirect iNOS inhibitors such as interleukin 1 inhibitors also need to be studied in greater detail. Finally, human studies need to be conducted on the herbal and dietary medicines and on the non-invasive, non-pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leonidou
- a Academic Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Division of Surgery , Aristotle University Medical School , Thessaloniki , Greece.,b Department of Medical Genetics , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Lepetsos
- a Academic Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Division of Surgery , Aristotle University Medical School , Thessaloniki , Greece.,c 4th Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics , KAT Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Michalis Mintzas
- a Academic Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Division of Surgery , Aristotle University Medical School , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Eustathios Kenanidis
- a Academic Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Division of Surgery , Aristotle University Medical School , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - George Macheras
- c 4th Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics , KAT Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Maria Tzetis
- b Department of Medical Genetics , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Michael Potoupnis
- c 4th Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics , KAT Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Eleftherios Tsiridis
- a Academic Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Division of Surgery , Aristotle University Medical School , Thessaloniki , Greece.,d Department of Surgery and Cancer, Division of Surgery , Imperial College London , London , UK
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Krick S, Helton ES, Hutcheson SB, Blumhof S, Garth JM, Denson RS, Zaharias RS, Wickham H, Barnes JW. FGF23 Induction of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Regulates IL-6 Secretion in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:708. [PMID: 30538676 PMCID: PMC6277595 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) generates the substrate for the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification of proteins. The HBP also serves as a stress sensor and has been reported to be involved with nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation, which can contribute to multiple cellular processes including cell metabolism, proliferation, and inflammation. In our previously published report, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) 23, an important endocrine pro-inflammatory mediator, was shown to activate the FGFR4/phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ)/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling in chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Here, we demonstrate that FGF23 increased the O-GlcNAc modification of proteins in HBECs. Furthermore, the increase in O-GlcNAc levels by FGF23 stimulation resulted in the downstream activation of NFAT and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Conversely, inhibition of FGF23 signaling and/or O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)/O-GlcNAc reversed these effects. Collectively, these data suggest that FGF23 induced IL-6 upregulation and secretion is, at least, partially mediated via the activation of the HBP and O-GlcNAc levels in HBECs. These findings identify a novel link whereby FGF23 and the augmentation of O-GlcNAc levels regulate airway inflammation through NFAT activation and IL-6 upregulation in HBECs. The crosstalk between these signaling pathways may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as COPD and CF as well as metabolic syndromes, including diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Eric Scott Helton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Samuel B. Hutcheson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Scott Blumhof
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jaleesa M. Garth
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rebecca S. Denson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Hillel Connections Program, Bloom Hillel, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Rennan S. Zaharias
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hannah Wickham
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Hillel Connections Program, Bloom Hillel, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States
| | - Jarrod W. Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jarrod W. Barnes
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Hu ZC, Xie ZJ, Tang Q, Li XB, Fu X, Feng ZH, Xuan JW, Ni WF, Wu AM. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) targets the NF-κB and MAPK pathways and ameliorates the development of osteoarthritis. Food Funct 2018; 9:4443-4456. [PMID: 30070297 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00732b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory environment has been demonstrated to be strongly associated with the progression of osteoarthritis (OA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
| | - Zhong-Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
| | - Xiao-Bin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
| | - Xin Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
| | - Zhen-Hua Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
| | - Jiang-Wei Xuan
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
| | - Wen-Fei Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
- The Second School of Medicine
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23
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Kilborne AH, Hussein H, Bertone AL. Effects of hyaluronan alone or in combination with chondroitin sulfate and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine on lipopolysaccharide challenge-exposed equine fibroblast-like synovial cells. Am J Vet Res 2017; 78:579-588. [PMID: 28441052 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.78.5.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of hyaluronic acid (HA) or HA combined with chondroitin sulfate (CS) and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (NAG) by use of a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro method. SAMPLE Monolayer cultures of synovial cells from 4 adult horses. PROCEDURES Synovial cell cultures were untreated or treated with HA alone or HA-CS-NAG for 24 hours, subsequently unchallenged or challenge-exposed with 2 LPS concentrations (20 and 50 ng/mL) for 2 hours, and retreated with HA or HA-CS-NAG for another 24 hours. Cellular morphology of cultures was evaluated at 0, 24 (before LPS), 26 (after LPS), and 50 (24 hours after end of LPS) hours. At 50 hours, cell number and viability and prostaglandin (PG) E2, interleukin (IL)-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 production were measured. RESULTS LPS challenge exposure induced a significant loss of characteristic synovial cell morphology, decrease in cell viability, and increases in concentrations of PGE2, IL-6, MMP-3, and COX-2. Cells treated with HA or HA-CS-NAG had significantly better viability and morphology scores and lower concentrations of PGE2, MMP-3, IL-6, and COX-2 than untreated LPS challenge-exposed cells. Cells treated with HA had significantly better morphology scores at 50 hours than cells treated with HA-CS-NAG. Cells treated with HA-CS-NAG had significantly superior suppression of LPS-induced production of PGE2, IL-6, and MMP-3 than cells treated with HA alone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE HA and HA-CS-NAG protected synovial cells from the effects of LPS. Treatment with HA-CS-NAG had the greatest anti-inflammatory effect. These results supported the protective potential of HA and HA-CS-NAG treatments.
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Akman YE, Sukur E, Senel A, Oztas Sukur NE, Talu CK, Ozturkmen Y. The comparison of the effects of a novel hydrogel compound and traditional hyaluronate following micro-fracture procedure in a rat full-thickness chondral defect model. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2017. [PMID: 28622807 PMCID: PMC6197372 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the impact of HA-CS-NAG compound (hyaluronate, sodium chondroitin sulfate, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) on the quality of repair tissue after micro-fracture and to compare it with HA (hyaluronat), in a rat full-thickness chondral defect model. METHODS Full-thickness chondral defects were created in a non-weight bearing area by using a handle 2.7-mm drill bit, in the right knees of 33 Sprague-Dawley rats. Each specimen then underwent micro-fracture using a needle. Two weeks after surgery, 3 groups were randomly formed among the rats (n = 33). In Group 1, 0.2 mL of sterile saline solution (0.9%) was injected. In Group 2, 0.2 mL HA with a mean molecular weight of 1.2 Mda was injected. In Group 3, 0.2 mL of HA-CS-NAG compound (hyaluronate, sodium chondroitin sulfate, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) was injected. The injections were applied on the 14th, the 21st and the 28th postoperative days. All rats were sacrificed on the 42nd postoperative day. Histological analysis of the repair tissue was performed for each specimen by two blinded observers using Wakitani scoring system. RESULTS There was significantly improved repair tissue in both Group 3 and Group 2 when compared with Group 1. Group 3 showed statistically significant improvement in terms of 'cell morphology' and 'integration of donor with host' when compared to Group 2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Intra-articular injection of HA-CS-NAG compound after micro-fracture results in significantly improved repair tissue in rats' chondral defects when compared to HA regarding the donor integration and cell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunus Emre Akman
- Metin Sabanci Baltalimani Bone Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Erhan Sukur
- University of Sakarya, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Senel
- Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Ece Oztas Sukur
- University of Sakarya, Sakarya Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Canan Kelten Talu
- Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozturkmen
- Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul, Turkey
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Yao H, Xue J, Wang Q, Xie R, Li W, Liu S, Cai J, Qin D, Wang DA, Ren L. Glucosamine-modified polyethylene glycol hydrogel-mediated chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017. [PMID: 28629066 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glucosamine (GA) is an important cartilage matrix precursor for the glycosaminoglycan biochemical synthesis, and has positive effects on cartilage regeneration, particularly in osteoarthritis therapy. However, it has not been used as a bioactive group in scaffolds for cartilage repair widely. In this study, we synthesized modified polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel with glucosamine and then encapsulated human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in the hydrogel to induce the differentiation of hBMSCs into chondrocytes in three-dimensional culture. The GA-modified PEG hydrogels promoted the chondrogenesis of hBMSCs, particularly in the concentration of 5mM and 10mM. The subcutaneous transplantation of 10mM GA-modified hydrogels with hBMSCs formed cartilage-like blocks in vivo for 8weeks. Importantly, with glucosamine increase, the modified hydrogels down-regulated the fibrosis and hypertrophic cartilage markers in protein level. Therefore, glucosamine modified PEG hydrogels facilitated the chondrogenesis of hBMSCs, which might represent a new method for cartilage repair using a tissue-engineering approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan RD, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China; Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, N1.3-B2-13, 637457, Singapore
| | - Jingchen Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan RD, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qunfang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan RD, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Renjian Xie
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan RD, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weichang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan RD, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Sa Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan RD, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinglei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Dajiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.
| | - Dong-An Wang
- Division of Bioengineering, School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Drive, N1.3-B2-13, 637457, Singapore.
| | - Li Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan RD, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Kubomura D, Ueno T, Yamada M, Tomonaga A, Nagaoka I. Effect of N-acetylglucosamine administration on cartilage metabolism and safety in healthy subjects without symptoms of arthritis: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1614-1621. [PMID: 28413518 PMCID: PMC5377572 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a widely accepted treatment for osteoarthritis (OA); however, its effect on healthy individuals is poorly understood. To evaluate the effect of GlcNAc administration on healthy subjects that do not exhibit symptoms of arthritis, the present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed. In the present study, 68 male and female Japanese participants, without symptomatic and radiographic evidence of OA, were enrolled and randomly allocated to receive placebo or GlcNAc (500 or 1,000 mg/day) for 16 weeks. Effects were evaluated using biomarkers for type II collagen degradation and synthesis, collagen type II cleavage (C2C), procollagen type II carboxy-terminal propeptide (PIICP) and their ratio (C2C/PIICP). Furthermore, safety assessments were performed via physical parameters, hematology, blood biochemistry and urinalysis. The results indicated that there was no significant change in the biomarkers for type II collagen degeneration and synthesis during and after the intervention with the placebo and two GlcNAc groups. However, subgroup analysis using subjects with impaired cartilage metabolism (who exhibited enhanced type II collagen degradation and reduced type II collagen synthesis) indicated that the C2C levels were significantly decreased at 8 (P<0.05) and 16 (P<0.01) weeks during the intervention in the two GlcNAc (500 mg and 1,000 mg/day) groups, compared with the placebo group. In contrast, PIICP levels were not notably different in the placebo and two GlcNAc groups. The C2C/PIICP ratio was markedly decreased at 12 and 16 weeks during the intervention in the two GlcNAc groups, compared with the placebo group. Moreover, no supplement-related adverse events were observed during and after the intervention. In conclusion, these observations indicate that oral administration of GlcNAc at doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/day improves cartilage metabolism in healthy subjects without apparent adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Kubomura
- Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-8570, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ueno
- Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-8570, Japan
| | - Masanori Yamada
- Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-8570, Japan
| | | | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Şükür E, Talu C, Akman YE, Çirci E, Öztürkmen Y, Tüzüner T. Comparison of the chondroprotective effect of a novel hydrogel compound and traditional hyaluronate on rat cartilage in a papain-induced osteoarthritis model. ACTA ORTHOPAEDICA ET TRAUMATOLOGICA TURCICA 2016; 50:458-63. [PMID: 27449593 PMCID: PMC6197551 DOI: 10.1016/j.aott.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this experimental study is to evaluate the efficacy of a novel intraarticular drug in a papain induced osteoarthritis (OA) rat model and compare with the traditional hyaluronat (HA) visco supplementation. Methods An early stage OA model was induced by the intra-articular injection of papain enzyme in the right knee joints of 44 Sprague-Dawley rats. Eleven rats (eleven right knees: papain group, 11 left knees: control group) were chosen randomly 28 days after the last injection and sacrificed for verifying OA. The remaining rats (n = 33) were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was injected 0,2 mL of sterile saline solution (0,9%), group 2 was injected 0,2 mL HA and the group 3 was injected 0,2 mL of HA-CSNAG (hyaluronat, chondritin sulfate, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) combination in the right knees. Injections were performed on the 35th, the 42nd and the 49th days consecutively. Two weeks after the last injection, all groups were sacrificed to evaluate the severity of OA according to Mankin system. Results Early stage of OA was verified regarding total Mankin scores (p < 0.05). There was statistically significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (p < 0.05), between Group 1 and Group 3 (p < 0.05) on the 63th day regarding total Mankin scores. Group 3 showed statistically significant improvement in terms of proteoglycan content of matrix when compared to Group 2 (p < 0,05). Conclusion HA-CS-NAG compound in hydrogel form is more chondroprotective to rats' cartilage when compared to HA during the early stages of OA.
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Cao T, Li Y, Jiang L, Yuan L, Dong L, Li Y, Yin S. Novel biologically active series of N-acetylglucosamine derivatives for the suppressive activities on GAG release. Carbohydr Res 2016; 433:73-9. [PMID: 27454655 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
(d)-Glucosamine and other nutritional supplements have emerged as safe alternative therapies for osteoarthritis, a chronic and degenerative articular joint disease. N-acetyl-(d)-glucosamine, a compound that can be modified at the N position, is considered to improve the oral bioavailability of (d)-glucosamine and has been proven to possess greater in vitro chondroprotective activity compared with the parent agent. In this study, to further utilize these properties, we focus on the modification of the N position with a benzenesulfonyl and different isoxazole formyl groups. Among these compounds, the 3-(2-chlorobenzene)-5-methyl-isoxazole formyl chloride and p-methoxybenzenesulfonyl chloride modifying structures proved to be the most active of the series and efficiently processed the chondrocytes in vitro. These novel N-position substitution compounds may represent promising leads for osteoarthritis drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lijuan Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Li Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shufan Yin
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan Province, China.
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Tomonaga A, Watanabe K, Fukagawa M, Suzuki A, Kurokawa M, Nagaoka I. Evaluation of the effect of N-acetyl-glucosamine administration on biomarkers for cartilage metabolism in healthy individuals without symptoms of arthritis: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:1481-1489. [PMID: 27588069 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) on the joint health of healthy individuals without arthritic symptoms. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed to investigate the effect of oral administration of a GlcNAc-containing test supplement (low dose, 500 mg/day and high dose, 1,000 mg/day) on cartilage metabolism in healthy individuals with a mean age of 48.6±1.3 years (range, 23-64 years) by analyzing the ratio of type II collagen degradation to type II collagen synthesis using type II collagen degradation (C2C) and synthesis (PIICP) markers. The results indicated that the changes in C2C/PIICP ratios from the baseline were suppressed in the treated with low and high doses of GlcNAc, compared with the placebo group at week 16 during intervention. To further elucidate the effect of GlcNAc, subjects with impaired cartilage metabolism were evaluated. Notably, the changes in the C2C/PIICP ratios were markedly suppressed in the groups treated with low and high doses of GlcNAc at week 16. Finally, to exclude the effect of heavy body weight on joint loading, subjects weighing <70 kg with impaired cartilage metabolism were analyzed. Notably, the changes in the C2C/PIICP ratios were suppressed in the groups treated with low and high doses of GlcNAc at weeks 12 and 16. No test supplement-related adverse events were observed during or following the intervention. Together, these observations suggest that oral administration of GlcNAc at doses of 500 mg and 1,000 mg/day exhibits a chondroprotective effect on healthy individuals by reducing the C2C/PIICP ratio (relatively decreasing type II collagen degradation and increasing type II collagen synthesis) without any apparent adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Kitashinyokohama Orthopedic Surgery, Kanagawa 222-0059, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Isao Nagaoka
- Department of Host Defense and Biochemical Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Lepetsos P, Papavassiliou AG. ROS/oxidative stress signaling in osteoarthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:576-591. [PMID: 26769361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disorder with increasing prevalence due to aging of the population. Its multi-factorial etiology includes oxidative stress and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, which regulate intracellular signaling processes, chondrocyte senescence and apoptosis, extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation along with synovial inflammation and dysfunction of the subchondral bone. As disease-modifying drugs for osteoarthritis are rare, targeting the complex oxidative stress signaling pathways would offer a valuable perspective for exploration of potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Lepetsos
- Fourth Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'KAT' Hospital, 14561, Kifissia, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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Chang NJ, Lin YT, Lin CC, Wang HC, Hsu HC, Yeh ML. The repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defect using intra-articular administration of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the rabbit knee: randomized controlled trial. Biomed Eng Online 2015; 14:105. [PMID: 26582033 PMCID: PMC4652361 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-015-0100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although various alterative models of therapy are used for cartilage repair, no definite conclusion has been reached. Glucosamine (GlcN) is widely used as a nutritional supplement. However, the clinical- evidence-based outcome of GlcN administration remains controversial. N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc), a derivative of GlcN, shows chondroprotective activity and mediates the activation of articular chondrocytes. Therefore, we investigated the effect of intra-articular administration of GlcNAc in rabbits’ knee joints with experimental full-thickness articular cartilage (FTAC) defects. Methods Twelve male adult New Zealand white rabbits, providing 24 knees, were used in this study. FTAC defects were created in the high-weight-bearing area of the medial femoral condyles of bilateral knees. All rabbits were randomly allocated to analysis at postsurgical week 4 or postsurgical week 12. In the week 4 group, rabbits’ knees (six per group) were intra-articularly injected with normal saline or with GlcNAc twice per week for 3 weeks, beginning 1 week postoperatively. In the week 12 group, the rabbits’ knees (six in each group) were intra-articularly injected with normal saline or with GlcNAc twice per week for 4 weeks, beginning 1 week postoperatively. Rabbits were sacrificed at 4 or 12 weeks after surgery for macroscopic, histological and radiological examinations of the knee joints. Results All rabbits had no systemic or local adverse effects. The saline and GlcNAc groups showed visible differences in healing of the FTAC defect at the end of testing. At week 4, the GlcNAc group had a higher level of collagen type II (COL II) and showed up-regulated production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 and TGF-β3, suggesting the involvement of endogenous growth factors. At week 12, the GlcNAc group displayed formation of hyaline-like cartilage regeneration with mature chondrocytes (SOX9+), robust glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and positive COL II content in both the adjacent cartilage and reparative sites. However, the saline group demonstrated mainly fibrocartilage scar tissue, indicating COL I expression. Furthermore, the GlcNAc group had significantly higher bone volume per tissue volume and higher trabecular thickness than the saline group. Conclusions Intra-articular GlcNAc may promote the repair of experimental FTAC defects in the rabbit knee joint model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Jen Chang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chan Lin
- Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Hsueh-Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
| | - Horng-Chaung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Long Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Rd., Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan.
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Danilov AB, Grigorenko NV. [An antinociceptive effect of chondroprotectors: a myth or a reality?]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:84-89. [PMID: 26569010 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20151159184-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Authors reviewed the literature on the efficacy of chondroprotectors in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes in comparison with placebo and other analgesics to discover the own antinociceptive effect of these drugs and mechanisms by which it occurs. Authors evaluated the results of various clinical studies on the effect of symptomatic slow-acting drugs for osteoarthritis (SYSADOA) on chronic pain syndrome in osteoarthritis and low back pain. We compared their effects with those of NSAIDs, celecoxib, or placebo. Assessment of pain and functional status was performed using WOMAC, VASandLeken's index as well as the Roland--Morrisquality of life questionnaire. The review of a number of clinical studies revealed a definite antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of SYSADOA comparable with NSAIDs not only in the treatment of osteoarthritis, but also in chronic back pain, which is characterized by early onset and gradual development with a long-term retention of the result even after discontinuation of therapy. It has been shown that SYSADOA are able to reduce the level of inflammatory cytokines in the blood (IL-6, C-reactive protein) and to activate the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the synovial membrane. It is shown that blocking of the effects of interleukin 1-beta and thereby inhibition of inflammatory enzymes like nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 is one of the points of glucosamine chondrocytes application. The data obtained in numerous studies that confirm the ability of SYSADOA to inhibit proinflammatory cytokines open the new perspectives for their use in the treatment of not only joint pain but also other chronic pain syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Danilov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow
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Yabushita M, Kobayashi H, Kuroki K, Ito S, Fukuoka A. Catalytic Depolymerization of Chitin with Retention of N-Acetyl Group. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3760-3763. [PMID: 26538108 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine units with β-1,4-glycosidic linkages, is the most abundant marine biomass. Chitin monomers containing N-acetyl groups are useful precursors to various fine chemicals and medicines. However, the selective conversion of robust chitin to N-acetylated monomers currently requires a large excess of acid or a long reaction time, which limits its application. We demonstrate a fast catalytic transformation of chitin to monomers with retention of N-acetyl groups by combining mechanochemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Mechanical-force-assisted depolymerization of chitin with a catalytic amount of H2SO4 gave soluble short-chain oligomers. Subsequent hydrolysis of the ball-milled sample provided N-acetylglucosamine in 53% yield, and methanolysis afforded 1-O-methyl-N-acetylglucosamine in yields of up to 70%. Our process can greatly reduce the use of acid compared to the conventional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Yabushita
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kobayashi
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Kyoichi Kuroki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Shogo Ito
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8628, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukuoka
- Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University, Kita 21 Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
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A comprehensive analysis of the nutritional quality of edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju grown in deproteinized whey medium. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zeng L, Xu G, Gao P, Zhang M, Li H, Zhang J. Design, synthesis and evaluation of a novel class of glucosamine mimetic peptides containing 1,3-dioxane. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 93:109-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lee SW, Oh MK. A synthetic suicide riboswitch for the high-throughput screening of metabolite production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metab Eng 2015; 28:143-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 12/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mavrogonatou E, Angelopoulou MT, Kletsas D. The catabolic effect of TNFα on bovine nucleus pulposus intervertebral disc cells and the restraining role of glucosamine sulfate in the TNFα-mediated up-regulation of MMP-3. J Orthop Res 2014; 32:1701-7. [PMID: 25220975 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucosamine is an endogenous amino monosaccharide naturally occurring in the cartilage. We have recently shown that glucosamine sulfate promotes the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans in intervertebral disc cells. Here we assessed the role of glucosamine sulfate in the response of bovine nucleus pulposus cell monolayers to TNFα that constitutes an early signal of disc degeneration. TNFα was not found to affect nucleus pulposus cells' viability, while it resulted in a ∼2.5-fold increase of the intracellular ROS levels, a rapid transient phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and a ROS-dependent activation of JNKs. In addition, TNFα had a prominent inflammatory effect on nucleus pulposus cells by up-regulating MMP-3 expression that was reversed when inhibiting the kinase activity of p38 MAPK. Glucosamine sulfate also diminished the increased by TNFα MMP-3 mRNA levels, but this was unrelated to the p38 MAPK or ROS-mediated JNK activation. Even though the mode of action of glucosamine towards TNFα remains to be elucidated, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing evidence for the protective role of glucosamine against this early mediator of disc degeneration that could support the potential usage of this molecule as a treatment for preventing disc degenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 153 10, Athens, Greece
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Nolte A, Hossfeld S, Post M, Niederlaender J, Walker T, Schlensak C, Wendel HP. Endotoxins affect diverse biological activity of chitosans in matters of hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2014; 25:2121-2130. [PMID: 24879573 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-014-5244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is used in several pharmaceutical and medical applications, owing to its good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility. However, there are conflicting reports regarding the biological activities of chitosan with some studies reporting anti-inflammatory properties while others report pro-inflammatory properties. In this regards we analyzed the endotoxin content in five different chitosans and examined these chitosans with their different deacetylation degrees for their hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility. Therefore, we incubated primary human endothelial cells or whole blood with different chitosan concentrations and studied the protein and mRNA expression of different inflammatory markers or cytokines. Our data indicate a correlation of the endotoxin content and cytokine up-regulation in whole blood for Poly-Morpho-Nuclear (PMN)-Elastase, soluble terminal complement complex SC5b-9, complement component C5/C5a, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Interleukin-8 (IL), IL-10, IL-13, IL-17E, Il-32α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1. In contrast, the incubation of low endotoxin containing chitosans with primary endothelial cells resulted in increased expression of E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion protein-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in endothelial cells. We suggest that the endotoxin content in chitosan plays a major role in the biological activity of chitosan. Therefore, we strongly recommend analysis of the endotoxin concentration in chitosan, before further determining if it has pro- or anti-inflammatory properties or if it is applicable for pharmaceutical and medical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nolte
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Calwerstr. 7/1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Minashima T, Zhang Y, Lee Y, Kirsch T. Lithium protects against cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:1228-36. [PMID: 24470226 DOI: 10.1002/art.38373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the actions of lithium chloride (LiCl) on catabolic events in human articular chondrocytes, and the effects of LiCl on the progression and severity of cartilage degradation in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated mouse knee joints and after surgical induction of osteoarthritis (OA) in a mouse model. METHODS Human articular chondrocytes were treated with LiCl followed by IL-1β, and the expression levels of catabolic genes were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. To understand the mechanism by which LiCl affects catabolic events in articular chondrocytes after IL-1β treatment, the activation of NF-κB was determined using luciferase reporter assays, and the activities of MAPKs and the STAT-3 signaling pathway were determined by immunoblot analysis of total cell lysates. Cultures of mouse femoral head explants treated with IL-1β and a mouse model of surgically induced OA were used to determine the effects of LiCl on proteoglycan loss and cartilage degradation. RESULTS LiCl treatment resulted in decreased catabolic marker messenger RNA levels and activation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and STAT-3 signaling in IL-1β-treated articular chondrocytes. Furthermore, LiCl directly inhibited IL-6-stimulated activation of STAT-3 signaling. Consequently, the loss of proteoglycan and severity of cartilage destruction in LiCl-treated mouse knee joints 8 weeks after OA induction surgery or in LiCl-treated mouse femoral head explants after IL-1β treatment were markedly reduced compared to that in vehicle-treated joints or explants. CONCLUSION LiCl reduced catabolic events in IL-1β-treated human articular chondrocytes and attenuated the severity of cartilage destruction in IL-1β-treated mouse femoral head explants and in the knee joints of mice with surgically induced OA, acting via inhibition of the activities of the NF-κB, p38, and STAT-3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Minashima
- New York University School of Medicine and Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, New York
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Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Kitinase Isolat Jamur Akuatik Kitinolitik KC3 dari Kecoa (Orthoptera). JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI 2014. [DOI: 10.14710/jksa.17.2.51-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolasi dan karakterisasi kitinase dari isolat jamur akuatik kitinolitik KC3 hasil isolasi bangkai kecoa telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kitinase dari isolat jamur akuatik KC3 dan mendapatkan informasi karakter kitinase hasil isolasi yang meliputi pH optimum dan suhu optimum. Kitinase adalah enzim kompleks terdiri dari endokitinase, kitobiosidase dan N-asetilglukosaminidase. Media produksi mengandung kitin koloidal sebagai inducer. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan amonium sulfat sampai tingkat kejenuhan 90% (F5). Aktivitas kitinase diukur dengan metode Ueda-Arai berdasarkan pengurangan substrat. Aktivitas spesifik paling tinggi diperoleh pada fraksi satu (F1) yaitu sebesar 73,258 U/mg. Hasil karakterisasi kitinase diperoleh profil pH optimum kitinase pada pH 3,8 sedangkan profil suhunya diperoleh dua puncak yaitu pada 28,5°C dan 29,5°C. Profil suhu dua puncak/titik menunjukkan jika kemungkinan terdapat dua jenis kitinase pada enzim yang diuji.
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Zhang Y, Pizzute T, Pei M. Anti-inflammatory strategies in cartilage repair. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:655-68. [PMID: 24846478 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage defects are normally concomitant with posttraumatic inflammation and pose a major challenge in cartilage repair. Due to the avascular nature of cartilage and its inability to surmount an inflammatory response, the cartilage is easily attacked by proinflammatory factors and oxidative stress; if left untreated, osteoarthritis may develop. Suppression of inflammation has always been a crux for cartilage repair. Pharmacological drugs have been successfully applied in cartilage repair; however, they cannot optimally work alone. This review article will summarize current pharmacological drugs and their application in cartilage repair. The development of extracellular matrix-based scaffolds and preconditioned tissue-specific stem cells will be emphasized because both of these tissue engineering components could contribute to an enhanced ability not only for cartilage regeneration but also for anti-inflammation. These strategies could be combined to boost cartilage repair under inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- 1 Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
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Production and Secretion of a RecombinantVibrio parahaemolyticusChitinase byEscherichia coliand Its Purification from the Culture Medium. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:2848-51. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Glucosamine for osteoarthritis: biological effects, clinical efficacy, and safety on glucose metabolism. ARTHRITIS 2014; 2014:432463. [PMID: 24678419 PMCID: PMC3941227 DOI: 10.1155/2014/432463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder that currently represents one of the main causes of disability within the elderly population and an important presenting complaint overall. The pathophysiologic basis of osteoarthritis entails a complex group of interactions among biochemical and mechanical factors that have been better characterized in light of a recent spike in research on the subject. This has led to an ongoing search for ideal therapeutic management schemes for these patients, where glucosamine is one of the most frequently used alternatives worldwide due to their chondroprotective properties and their long-term effects. Its use in the treatment of osteoarthritis is well established; yet despite being considered effective by many research groups, controversy surrounds their true effectiveness. This situation stems from several methodological aspects which hinder appropriate data analysis and comparison in this context, particularly regarding objectives and target variables. Similar difficulties surround the assessment of the potential ability of glucosamine formulations to alter glucose metabolism. Nevertheless, evidence supporting diabetogenesis by glucosamine remains scarce in humans, and to date, this association should be considered only a theoretical possibility.
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Jamialahmadi K, Soltani F, Nabavi fard M, Behravan J, Mosaffa F. Assessment of protective effects of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine against DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:427-32. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.878951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Julovi SM, Ito H, Hiramitsu T, Yasuda T, Nakamura T. Hyaluronan inhibits IL-1β-stimulated collagenase production via down-regulation of phosphorylated p38 in SW-1353 human chondrosarcoma cells. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-008-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wan AC, Tai BC. CHITIN — A promising biomaterial for tissue engineering and stem cell technologies. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1776-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Park MK, Cho SA, Lee HJ, Lee EJ, Kang JH, Kim YL, Kim HJ, Oh SH, Choi C, Lee H, Kim SY. Suppression of Transglutaminase-2 is Involved in Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Glucosamine in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate-Induced Skin Inflammation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:380-5. [PMID: 24009824 PMCID: PMC3762271 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.4.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosamine (GS) is well known for the treatment of inflam-mation. However, the mechanism and efficacy of GS for skin inflammation are unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and mechanism of GS in the mouse 12-O-tetradecanoyl 13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema model. TPA-induced ear edema was evoked in ICR or transglutaminase 2 (Tgase-2) (-/-) mice. GS was administered orally (10-100 mg/kg) or topically (0.5-2.0 w/v %) prior to TPA treatment. Orally administered GS at 10 mg/kg showed a 76 or 57% reduction in ear weight or myeloperoxidase, respectively, and a decreased expression of cyclooxy-genase-2 (COX-2), NF-κB and Tgase-2 in TPA-induced ear edema by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Role of Tgase-2 in TPA ear edema is examined using Tgase-2 (-/-) mice and TPA did not induce COX-2 expression in ear of Tgase-2 (-/-) mice. These observations suggested that Tgase-2 is involved in TPA-induced COX-2 expression in the inflamed ear of mice and anti-inflammatory effects of glucosamine is mediated through suppression of Tgase-2 in TPA ear edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Kyung Park
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Goyang 410-820, Republic of Korea
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Połubinska A, Cwalinski J, Baum E, Bręborowicz A. N-Acetylglucosamine modulates function of the skin fibroblasts. Int J Cosmet Sci 2013; 35:472-6. [PMID: 23672714 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts are an important component of the skin determining its properties. N-Acetylglucosamine (NAG) is the substrate for hyaluronan synthesis, and it also has anti-inflammatory and anti-senescent activity in mesothelial cells. METHODS We tested in in vitro-cultured human skin fibroblasts how supplementation of culture medium with NAG 10 mmol L(-1) changes properties of these cells. RESULTS Fibroblasts cultured in presence of NAG produced more proteins and that was mainly due to increased synthesis of collagen (+33% vs. control, P < 0.05). Hyaluronan synthesis was increased (+107% vs. control, P < 0.001), but interleukin-6 synthesis was reduced (-22% vs. control, P < 0.05). Fibroblasts cultured in medium with NAG 10 mmol L(-1) demonstrated improved ability to heal the injured layer of cells (+34% vs. control, P < 0.05). Additionally senescence of fibroblasts undergoing replicative ageing in the presence of NAG was less pronounced, as reflected by smaller increase in the population doubling time (-70% vs. control, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION We conclude that NAG induced changes in the skin fibroblasts' properties maybe important for prevention of the age-dependent changes in its structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Połubinska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Coburn JM, Wo L, Bernstein N, Bhattacharya R, Aich U, Bingham CO, Yarema KJ, Elisseeff JH. Short-chain fatty acid-modified hexosamine for tissue-engineering osteoarthritic cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:2035-44. [PMID: 23638885 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and tissue degeneration play key roles in numerous rheumatic diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Efforts to reduce and effectively repair articular cartilage damage in an osteoarthritic environment are limited in their success due to the diseased environment. Treatment strategies focused on both reducing inflammation and increasing tissue production are necessary to effectively treat OA from a tissue-engineering perspective. In this work, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and tissue production capacity of a small molecule 3,4,6-O-tributanoylated-N-acetylglucosamine (3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc) previously shown to inhibit the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) activity, a key transcription factor regulating inflammation. To mimic an inflammatory environment, chondrocytes were stimulated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a potent inflammatory cytokine. 3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc exposure decreased the expression of NFκB target genes relevant to OA by IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes after 24 h of exposure. The capacity of 3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc to stimulate extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation by IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes was evaluated in vitro utilizing a three-dimensional hydrogel culturing system. After 21 days, 3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc exposure induced quantifiable increases in both sulfated glycosaminoglycan and total collagen. Histological staining for proteoglycans and type II collagen confirmed these findings. The increased ECM accumulation was not due to the hydrolysis products of the small molecule, n-butyrate and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), as the isomeric 1,3,4-O-tributanoylated N-acetylglucosamine (1,3,4-O-Bu3GlcNAc) did not elicit a similar response. These findings demonstrate that a novel butanoylated GlcNAc derivative, 3,4,6-O-Bu3GlcNAc, has the potential to stimulate new tissue production and reduce inflammation in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes with utility for OA and other forms of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine M Coburn
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Zhaojun W, Lin W, Zhenyong W, Jian W, Ran L. Effects of manganese deficiency on serum hormones and biochemical markers of bone metabolism in chicks. J Bone Miner Metab 2013; 31:285-92. [PMID: 23408160 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-012-0417-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of manganese (Mn) deficiency on bone metabolism in chicks, ninety 1-day-old male Arbor Acre chicks were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group were given a diet having a different concentration of Mn (60 mg kg(-1), control group; 40 mg kg(-1), Mn-deficient group I; 8.7 mg kg(-1), Mn-deficient group II). The serum was collected at 42 days old. Tests were performed to evaluate the changes in the levels of PTH, CT, ALP, TrACP, HOP TNF-alpha, OC, Mn and Ca in the serum of the chicks and the results showed that the levels of CT, ALP, TrACP, HOP, and Mn decreased markedly (P < 0.05), while PTH, Ca, and TNF-alpha increased markedly (P < 0.05) due to manganese deficiency in the diet, which indicates that Mn deficiency results in disorder of bone regulatory hormones and enzymes of bone metabolism in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhaojun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taian, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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