1
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Abidin MR, Alpan O, Plassmeyer M, Kozhaya L, Loizou D, Dogan M, Upchurch Z, Manes NP, Nita-Lazar A, Unutmaz D, Sønder SU. STAT4 Phosphorylation of T-helper Cells predicts surgical outcomes in Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.11.23299743. [PMID: 38168423 PMCID: PMC10760250 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.11.23299743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) impacts an estimated 5% to 15% of people worldwide, incurring significant economic healthcare burden. There is a urgent need for the discovery of predictive biomarkers to improve treatment strategies and outcomes for CRS patients. Study design Cohort study of CRS patients and healthy controls using blood samples. Setting Out-patient clinics. Methods Whole blood samples were collected for flow cytometric analysis. Mechanistic studies involved the transfection of human primary T cells and Jurkat cells. Results Our analysis began with a 63-69 year-old female patient diagnosed with refractory CRS,. Despite undergoing multiple surgeries, she continually faced sinus infections. Whole exome sequencing pinpointed a heterozygous IL-12Rb1 mutation situated in the linker region adjacent to the cytokine binding domain. When subjected to IL-12 stimulation, the patient's CD4 T-cells exhibited diminished STAT4 phosphorylation. However, computer modeling or T-cell lines harboring the same IL-12 receptor mutation did not corroborate the hypothesis that IL-12Rb could be responsible for the reduced phosphorylation of STAT4 by IL-12 stimulation. Upon expanding our investigation to a broader CRS patient group using the pSTAT4 assay, we discerned a subset of refractory CRS patients with abnormally low STAT4 phosphorylation. The deficiency showed improvement both in-vitro and in-vivo after exposure to Latilactobacillus sakei (aka Lactobacillus sakei), an effect at least partially dependent on IL-12. Conclusion In refractory CRS patients, an identified STAT4 defect correlates with poor clinical outcomes after sinus surgery, which can be therapeutically targeted by Latilactobacillus sakei treatment. Prospective double-blind placebo-controlled trials are needed to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oral Alpan
- Amerimmune LLC, 8260 Greensboro Dr VA-22102 McLean, USA
| | | | - Lina Kozhaya
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT, 06032 USA
| | - Denise Loizou
- Amerimmune LLC, 8260 Greensboro Dr VA-22102 McLean, USA
| | - Mikail Dogan
- The Jackson Laboratory, Farmington, CT, 06032 USA
| | | | - Nathan P Manes
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, USA
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, USA
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2
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Hepp DH, van Wageningen TA, Kuiper KL, van Dijk KD, Oosterveld LP, Berendse HW, van de Berg WDJ. Inflammatory Blood Biomarkers Are Associated with Long-Term Clinical Disease Severity in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14915. [PMID: 37834363 PMCID: PMC10573398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An altered immune response has been identified as a pathophysiological factor in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to identify blood immunity-associated proteins that discriminate PD from controls and that are associated with long-term disease severity in PD patients. Immune response-derived proteins in blood plasma were measured using Proximity Extension Technology by OLINK in a cohort of PD patients (N = 66) and age-matched healthy controls (N = 52). In a selection of 30 PD patients, we evaluated changes in protein levels 7-10 years after the baseline and assessed correlations with motor and cognitive assessments. Data from the Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program (PDBP) cohort and the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) cohort were used for independent validation. PD patients showed an altered immune response compared to controls based on a panel of four proteins (IL-12B, OPG, CXCL11, and CSF-1). The expression levels of five inflammation-associated proteins (CCL23, CCL25, TNFRSF9, TGF-alpha, and VEGFA) increased over time in PD and were partially associated with more severe motor and cognitive symptoms at follow-up. Increased CCL23 levels were associated with cognitive decline and the APOE4 genotype. Our findings provide further evidence for an altered immune response in PD that is associated with disease severity in PD over a long period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar H. Hepp
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.H.H.)
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thecla A. van Wageningen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.H.H.)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten L. Kuiper
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.H.H.)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karin D. van Dijk
- Sleep Wake Centre, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), 2103 SW Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Linda P. Oosterveld
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.H.H.)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk W. Berendse
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma D. J. van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.H.H.)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Program Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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DiNardo AR, Nishiguchi T, Grimm SL, Schlesinger LS, Graviss EA, Cirillo JD, Coarfa C, Mandalakas AM, Heyckendorf J, Kaufmann SHE, Lange C, Netea MG, Van Crevel R. Tuberculosis endotypes to guide stratified host-directed therapy. MED 2021; 2:217-232. [PMID: 34693385 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is hope that host-directed therapy (HDT) for Tuberculosis (TB) can either shorten treatment duration, help cure drug resistant disease or limit the immunopathology. Many candidate HDT drugs have been proposed, however solid evidence only exists for a few select patient groups. The clinical presentation of TB is variable, with differences in severity, tissue pathology, and bacillary burden. TB clinical phenotypes likely determine the potential benefit of HDT. Underlying TB clinical phenotypes, there are TB "endotypes," defined as distinct molecular profiles, with specific metabolic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and immune phenotypes. TB endotypes can be characterized by either immunodeficiency or pathologic excessive inflammation. Additional factors, like comorbidities (HIV, diabetes, helminth infection), structural lung disease or Mycobacterial virulence also drive TB endotypes. Precise disease phenotyping, combined with in-depth immunologic and molecular profiling and multimodal omics integration, can identify TB endotypes, guide endotype-specific HDT, and improve TB outcomes, similar to advances in cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R DiNardo
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tomoki Nishiguchi
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandra L Grimm
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Cirillo
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna M Mandalakas
- The Global Tuberculosis Program, Texas Children's Hospital, Immigrant and Global Health, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jan Heyckendorf
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, Borstel, Germany.,Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lü beck, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Gö ttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Lange
- Division of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Clinical Tuberculosis Unit, Borstel, Germany.,Respiratory Medicine & International Health, University of Lübeck, Lü beck, Germany
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Reinout Van Crevel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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4
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Albalawi AM, Al-Barry MA. Genetic variations in autoimmune genes and VKH disease. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:3175-3186. [PMID: 32974831 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a rare autoimmune disease. The autoimmune response in VKH disease is against the melanin-producing cells; therefore, in affected individuals melanocyte-containing organs manifest disease symptoms including eyes, ears, skin and nervous system. VKH is a multifactorial disease, and the precise cause of the VKH disease is unknown. Studies have suggested that both environmental and genetic factors are responsible for the VKH disease. In this review, the authors have collected all the available literature on the genetics of VKH to their knowledge and discussed the role of genetic variants in causing VKH disease. METHODS An extensive literature search was performed in order to review all the published studies regarding VKH clinical phenotyping and genetic variants in VKH disease. Medline, PubMed, Cochrane library, and Scopus was searched using combination of keywords. RESULTS It was found that variants in HLA genes, IL-12b, TNFSF4, and miR-20-5p genes are significantly associated with VKH; however, variants in genes ATG10, TNIP1 and CLEC16A did not achieve significant genome-wide association threshold. Moreover, polymorphisms in TNIP1 and CLEC16A play a protective role against VKH. CONCLUSION The authors conclude that increased sample size and a more homogeneous VKH patient population may reveal a significant association of variants in ATG10, TNIP1 and CLEC16A genes with VKH disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia M Albalawi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King AbdulAziz University Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Center for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maan A Al-Barry
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Ying W, Liu D, Dong X, Wang W, Hui X, Hou J, Yao H, Zhou Q, Sun B, Sun J, Wang X. Current Status of the Management of Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease in Mainland China. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:600-610. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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6
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Molecular, Immunological, and Clinical Features of 16 Iranian Patients with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease. J Clin Immunol 2019; 39:287-297. [PMID: 30715640 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-019-0593-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare primary immunodeficiency, triggered by non-tuberculous mycobacteria or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and characterized by severe diseases. All known genetic etiologies are inborn errors of IFN-γ-mediated immunity. Here, we report the molecular, cellular, and clinical features of patients from 15 Iranian families with disseminated disease without vaccination (2 patients) or following live BCG vaccination (14 patients). METHODS We used whole blood samples from 16 patients and 12 age-matched healthy controls. To measure IL-12 and IFN-γ, samples were activated by BCG plus recombinant human IFN-γ or recombinant human IL-12. Immunological assessments and genetic analysis were also done for the patients. RESULTS Eight patients affected as a result of parental first-cousin marriages. Seven patients originated from multiplex kindred with positive history of death because of tuberculosis or finding the MSMD-related gene mutations. Two patients died due to mycobacterial disease at the ages of 8 months and 3.7 years. The remaining patients were alive at the last follow-up and were aged between 2 and 13 years. Patients suffered from infections including chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (n = 10), salmonellosis (n = 2), and Leishmania (responsible for visceral form) (n = 2). Thirteen patients presented with autosomal recessive (AR) IL-12Rβ1 deficiency, meaning their cells produced low levels of IFN-γ. Bi-allelic IL12RB1 mutations were detected in nine of patients. Three patients with AR IL-12p40 deficiency (bi-allelic IL12B mutations) produced low levels of both IL-12 and IFN-γ. Overall, we found five mutations in the IL12RB1 gene and three mutations in the IL12B gene. Except one mutation in exon 5 (c.510C>A) of IL12B, all others were previously reported to be loss-of-function mutations. CONCLUSIONS We found low levels of IFN-γ production and failure to respond to IL12 in 13 Iranian MSMD patients. Due to complicated clinical manifestations in affected children, early cellular and molecular diagnostics is crucial in susceptible patients.
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7
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Mawatwal S, Behura A, Mishra A, Singh R, Dhiman R. Calcimycin induced IL-12 production inhibits intracellular mycobacterial growth by enhancing autophagy. Cytokine 2018; 111:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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8
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Nekooie-Marnany N, Deswarte C, Ostadi V, Bagherpour B, Taleby E, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, Le Voyer T, Rahimi H, Rosain J, Pourmoghadas Z, Sheikhbahaei S, Khoshnevisan R, Petersheim D, Kotlarz D, Klein C, Boisson-Dupuis S, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Sherkat R. Impaired IL-12- and IL-23-Mediated Immunity Due to IL-12Rβ1 Deficiency in Iranian Patients with Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:787-793. [PMID: 30255293 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inborn errors of IFN-γ-mediated immunity underlie Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD), which is characterized by an increased susceptibility to severe and recurrent infections caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccines and environmental, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). METHODS In this study, we investigated four patients from four unrelated consanguineous families from Isfahan, Iran, with disseminated BCG disease. We evaluated the patients' whole blood cell response to IL-12 and IFN-γ, IL-12Rβ1 expression on T cell blasts, and sequenced candidate genes. RESULTS We report four patients from Isfahan, Iran, ranging from 3 months to 26 years old, with impaired IL-12 signaling. All patients suffered from BCG disease. One of them presented mycobacterial osteomyelitis. By Sanger sequencing, we identified three different types of homozygous mutations in IL12RB1. Expression of IL-12Rβ1 was completely abolished in the four patients with IL12RB1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS IL-12Rβ1 deficiency was found in the four MSMD Iranian families tested. It is the first report of an Iranian case with S321* mutant IL-12Rβ1 protein. Mycobacterial osteomyelitis is another type of location of BCG infection in an IL-12Rβ1-deficient patient, notified for the first time in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nioosha Nekooie-Marnany
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France
| | - Vajiheh Ostadi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahram Bagherpour
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elaheh Taleby
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Tom Le Voyer
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France
| | - Hamid Rahimi
- Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France.,Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France
| | - Zahra Pourmoghadas
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saba Sheikhbahaei
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Khoshnevisan
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Daniel Petersheim
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, EU, Germany
| | - Daniel Kotlarz
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, EU, Germany
| | - Christoph Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, EU, Germany
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Imagine Institute, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,Paris Descartes University, Paris, EU, France.,Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, EU, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roya Sherkat
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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9
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Rosain J, Oleaga-Quintas C, Deswarte C, Verdin H, Marot S, Syridou G, Mansouri M, Mahdaviani SA, Venegas-Montoya E, Tsolia M, Mesdaghi M, Chernyshova L, Stepanovskiy Y, Parvaneh N, Mansouri D, Pedraza-Sánchez S, Bondarenko A, Espinosa-Padilla SE, Yamazaki-Nakashimada MA, Nieto-Patlán A, Kerner G, Lambert N, Jacques C, Corvilain E, Migaud M, Grandin V, Herrera MT, Jabot-Hanin F, Boisson-Dupuis S, Picard C, Nitschke P, Puel A, Tores F, Abel L, Blancas-Galicia L, De Baere E, Bole-Feysot C, Casanova JL, Bustamante J. A Variety of Alu-Mediated Copy Number Variations Can Underlie IL-12Rβ1 Deficiency. J Clin Immunol 2018; 38:617-627. [PMID: 29995221 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-018-0527-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity underlie Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD). Autosomal recessive complete IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is the most frequent genetic etiology of MSMD. Only two of the 84 known mutations are copy number variations (CNVs), identified in two of the 213 IL-12Rβ1-deficient patients and two of the 164 kindreds reported. These two CNVs are large deletions found in the heterozygous or homozygous state. We searched for novel families with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency due to CNVs. METHODS We studied six MSMD patients from five unrelated kindreds displaying adverse reactions to BCG vaccination. Three of the patients also presented systemic salmonellosis, two had mucocutaneous candidiasis, and one had disseminated histoplasmosis. We searched for CNVs and other variations by IL12RB1-targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS We identified six new IL-12Rβ1-deficient patients with a complete loss of IL-12Rβ1 expression on phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells and/or EBV-transformed B cells. The cells of these patients did not respond to IL-12 and IL-23. Five different CNVs encompassing IL12RB1 (four deletions and one duplication) were identified in these patients by NGS coverage analysis, either in the homozygous state (n = 1) or in trans (n = 4) with a single-nucleotide variation (n = 3) or a small indel (n = 1). Seven of the nine mutations are novel. Interestingly, four of the five CNVs were predicted to be driven by nearby Alu elements, as well as the two previously reported large deletions. The IL12RB1 locus is actually enriched in Alu elements (44.7%), when compared with the rest of the genome (10.5%). CONCLUSION The IL12RB1 locus is Alu-enriched and therefore prone to rearrangements at various positions. CNVs should be considered in the genetic diagnosis of IL-12Rβ1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Carmen Oleaga-Quintas
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Deswarte
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Hannah Verdin
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Marot
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | | | - Mahboubeh Mansouri
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Alireza Mahdaviani
- Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Edna Venegas-Montoya
- The Immunodeficiencies Research Unit, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Tsolia
- Second Department of Pediatrics, P. and A. Kyriakou Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Mehrnaz Mesdaghi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Liudmyla Chernyshova
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shupyk National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Stepanovskiy
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shupyk National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Nima Parvaneh
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Mansouri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Clinical Immunology, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, NRITLD, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sigifredo Pedraza-Sánchez
- Unit of Biochemistry, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran (INCMNSZ), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anastasia Bondarenko
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Shupyk National Medical Academy for Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Alejandro Nieto-Patlán
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Gaspard Kerner
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Lambert
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Corinne Jacques
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Corvilain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Virginie Grandin
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - María T Herrera
- Department of Microbiology Research, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fabienne Jabot-Hanin
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Capucine Picard
- Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Nitschke
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Imagine Institute, SFR-Necker, INSERM UMR1163 and INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederic Tores
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Imagine Institute, SFR-Necker, INSERM UMR1163 and INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Elfride De Baere
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christine Bole-Feysot
- Genomic Core Facility, INSERM UMR1163, SFR-Necker, Imagine Institute, Paris, France.,INSERM US24/CNRS UMS3633, Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cite University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM UMR1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. .,Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France. .,Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, AP-HP, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France. .,St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Vyas SP, Goswami R. Striking the right immunological balance prevents progression of tuberculosis. Inflamm Res 2017; 66:1031-1056. [PMID: 28711989 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tuberculosis (TB) caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a major burden for human health worldwide. Current standard treatments for TB require prolonged administration of antimycobacterial drugs leading to exaggerated inflammation and tissue damage. This can result in the reactivation of latent TB culminating in TB progression. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop therapies that would shorten the duration of anti-TB treatment and to induce optimal protective immune responses to control the spread of mycobacterial infection with minimal lung pathology. FINDINGS Granulomata is the hallmark structure formed by the organized accumulation of immune cells including macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, T cells, and B cells to the site of Mtb infection. It safeguards the host by containing Mtb in latent form. However, granulomata can undergo caseation and contribute to the reactivation of latent TB, if the immune responses developed to fight mycobacterial infection are not properly controlled. Thus, an optimal balance between innate and adaptive immune cells might play a vital role in containing mycobacteria in latent form for prolonged periods and prevent the spread of Mtb infection from one individual to another. CONCLUSION Optimal and well-regulated immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis may help to prevent the reactivation of latent TB. Moreover, therapies targeting balanced immune responses could help to improve treatment outcomes among latently infected TB patients and thereby limit the dissemination of mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritobrata Goswami
- School of Bio Science, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.
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11
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Domingo-Gonzalez R, Prince O, Cooper A, Khader SA. Cytokines and Chemokines in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2016; 4:10.1128/microbiolspec.TBTB2-0018-2016. [PMID: 27763255 PMCID: PMC5205539 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.tbtb2-0018-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and cytokines are critical for initiating and coordinating the organized and sequential recruitment and activation of cells into Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected lungs. Correct mononuclear cellular recruitment and localization are essential to ensure control of bacterial growth without the development of diffuse and damaging granulocytic inflammation. An important block to our understanding of TB pathogenesis lies in dissecting the critical aspects of the cytokine/chemokine interplay in light of the conditional role these molecules play throughout infection and disease development. Much of the data highlighted in this review appears at first glance to be contradictory, but it is the balance between the cytokines and chemokines that is critical, and the "goldilocks" (not too much and not too little) phenomenon is paramount in any discussion of the role of these molecules in TB. Determination of how the key chemokines/cytokines and their receptors are balanced and how the loss of that balance can promote disease is vital to understanding TB pathogenesis and to identifying novel therapies for effective eradication of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Prince
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130
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12
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Bustamante J, Boisson-Dupuis S, Abel L, Casanova JL. Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease: genetic, immunological, and clinical features of inborn errors of IFN-γ immunity. Semin Immunol 2014; 26:454-70. [PMID: 25453225 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) is a rare condition characterized by predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacteria, such as BCG vaccines and environmental mycobacteria, in otherwise healthy individuals with no overt abnormalities in routine hematological and immunological tests. MSMD designation does not recapitulate all the clinical features, as patients are also prone to salmonellosis, candidiasis and tuberculosis, and more rarely to infections with other intramacrophagic bacteria, fungi, or parasites, and even, perhaps, a few viruses. Since 1996, nine MSMD-causing genes, including seven autosomal (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IL12B, IL12RB1, ISG15, and IRF8) and two X-linked (NEMO, and CYBB) genes have been discovered. The high level of allelic heterogeneity has already led to the definition of 18 different disorders. The nine gene products are physiologically related, as all are involved in IFN-γ-dependent immunity. These disorders impair the production of (IL12B, IL12RB1, IRF8, ISG15, NEMO) or the response to (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IRF8, CYBB) IFN-γ. These defects account for only about half the known MSMD cases. Patients with MSMD-causing genetic defects may display other infectious diseases, or even remain asymptomatic. Most of these inborn errors do not show complete clinical penetrance for the case-definition phenotype of MSMD. We review here the genetic, immunological, and clinical features of patients with inborn errors of IFN-γ-dependent immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris AP-HP, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Paris, France, EU.
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM-U1163, Paris, France, EU; Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France, EU; St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NY, USA; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France, EU
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13
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Raje N, Soden S, Swanson D, Ciaccio CE, Kingsmore SF, Dinwiddie DL. Utility of next generation sequencing in clinical primary immunodeficiencies. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2014; 14:468. [PMID: 25149170 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-014-0468-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) are a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders that present with very similar symptoms, complicating definitive diagnosis. More than 240 genes have hitherto been associated with PIDs, of which more than 30 have been identified in the last 3 years. Next generation sequencing (NGS) of genomes or exomes of informative families has played a central role in the discovery of novel PID genes. Furthermore, NGS has the potential to transform clinical molecular testing for established PIDs, allowing all PID differential diagnoses to be tested at once, leading to increased diagnostic yield, while decreasing both the time and cost of obtaining a molecular diagnosis. Given that treatment of PID varies by disease gene, early achievement of a molecular diagnosis is likely to enhance treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Raje
- Children's Mercy Hospital, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO, 64108, USA,
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14
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Muenchhoff M, Prendergast AJ, Goulder PJR. Immunity to HIV in Early Life. Front Immunol 2014; 5:391. [PMID: 25161656 PMCID: PMC4130105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing immune system is adapted to the exposure to a plethora of pathogenic and non-pathogenic antigens encountered in utero and after birth, requiring a fine balance between protective immunity and immune tolerance. In early stages of life, this tolerogenic state of the innate and adaptive immune system and the lack of immunological memory render the host more susceptible to infectious pathogens like HIV. HIV pathogenesis is different in children, compared to adults, with more rapid disease progression and a substantial lack of control of viremia compared to adults. Plasma viral load remains high during infancy and only declines gradually over several years in line with immune maturation, even in rare cases where children maintain normal CD4 T-lymphocyte counts for several years without antiretroviral therapy (ART). These pediatric slow progressors also typically show low levels of immune activation despite persistently high viremia, resembling the phenotype of natural hosts of SIV infection. The lack of immunological memory places the fetus and the newborn at higher risk of infections; however, it may also provide an opportunity for unique interventions. Frequencies of central memory CD4+ T-lymphocytes, one of the main cellular reservoirs of HIV, are very low in the newborn child, so immediate ART could prevent the establishment of persistent viral reservoirs and result in "functional cure." However, as recently demonstrated in the case report of the "Mississippi child" who experienced viral rebound after more than 2 years off ART, additional immunomodulatory strategies might be required for sustained viral suppression after ART cessation. In this review, we discuss the interactions between HIV and the developing immune system in children and the potential implications for therapeutic and prophylactic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research , Oxford , UK
| | - Andrew J Prendergast
- Centre for Paediatrics, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London , London , UK ; Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research , Harare , Zimbabwe
| | - Philip Jeremy Renshaw Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research , Oxford , UK ; HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
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15
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Li X, Bai L, Fang J, Hou S, Zhou Q, Yu H, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Genetic variations of IL-12B, IL-12Rβ1, IL-12Rβ2 in Behcet's disease and VKH syndrome. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98373. [PMID: 24859272 PMCID: PMC4032269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three genes (IL-12B, IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12Rβ2) in Behcet's disease (BD) and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome in a Chinese Han population. Methods A total of 806 BD cases, 820 VKH patients, and 1600 healthy controls were involved in this study. The first investigation included 400 BD patients, 400 VKH cases, and 600 healthy individuals. A second confirmatory study included a separate set of 406 BD patients, 420 VKH cases and another 1000 normal controls. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and results were validated by using direct sequencing. The χ2 test was performed to compare the allele and genotype frequencies between cases and healthy controls. Results This study comprised two phases. In the first phase study, a significantly increased frequency of the rs3212227/IL-12B genotype CC and C allele was found in BD patients as compared to controls (Bonferroni corrected p value (pc) = 0.009, OR 1.8; pc = 0.024, OR 1.3, respectively). Moreover, the frequency of the C allele of rs3212227/IL-12B was also significantly increased in VKH patients (pc = 0.012, OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6). No associations were found for the other seven tested SNPs either in BD or VKH disease. The second study as well as the combined data confirmed the significant association of rs3212227/IL-12B with BD (CC genotype: combined pc = 6.3×10−7, OR = 1.8; C allele: combined pc = 2.0×10−5, OR = 1.3, respectively) and the C allele frequency of rs3212227/IL-12B as the risk factor to VKH patients (combined pc = 2.5×10−5, OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 1.5). Conclusions Our study revealed that the IL-12B gene is involved both in the susceptibility to BD as well as VKH syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lin Bai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Shengping Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Hongsong Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Lazarski CA, Ford J, Katzman SD, Rosenberg AF, Fowell DJ. IL-4 attenuates Th1-associated chemokine expression and Th1 trafficking to inflamed tissues and limits pathogen clearance. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71949. [PMID: 23991011 PMCID: PMC3753298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 4 (IL-4) plays a central role in the orchestration of Type 2 immunity. During T cell activation in the lymph node, IL-4 promotes Th2 differentiation and inhibits Th1 generation. In the inflamed tissue, IL-4 signals promote innate and adaptive Type-2 immune recruitment and effector function, positively amplifying the local Th2 response. In this study, we identify an additional negative regulatory role for IL-4 in limiting the recruitment of Th1 cells to inflamed tissues. To test IL-4 effects on inflammation subsequent to Th2 differentiation, we transiently blocked IL-4 during ongoing dermal inflammation (using anti-IL-4 mAb) and analyzed changes in gene expression. Neutralization of IL-4 led to the upregulation of a number of genes linked to Th1 trafficking, including CXCR3 chemokines, CCL5 and CCR5 and an associated increase in IFNγ, Tbet and TNFα genes. These gene expression changes correlated with increased numbers of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells in the inflamed dermis. Moreover, using an adoptive transfer approach to directly test the role of IL-4 in T cell trafficking to the inflamed tissues, we found IL-4 neutralization led to an early increase in Th1 cell recruitment to the inflamed dermis. These data support a model whereby IL-4 dampens Th1-chemokines at the site of inflammation limiting Th1 recruitment. To determine biological significance, we infected mice with Leishmania major, as pathogen clearance is highly dependent on IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells at the infection site. Short-term IL-4 blockade in established L. major infection led to a significant increase in the number of IFNγ-producing CD4+ T cells in the infected ear dermis, with no change in the draining LN. Increased lymphocyte influx into the infected tissue correlated with a significant decrease in parasite number. Thus, independent of IL-4's role in the generation of immune effectors, IL-4 attenuates lymphocyte recruitment to the inflamed/infected dermis and limits pathogen clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Lazarski
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Jill Ford
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Shoshana D. Katzman
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander F. Rosenberg
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Deborah J. Fowell
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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van de Vosse E, Haverkamp MH, Ramirez-Alejo N, Martinez-Gallo M, Blancas-Galicia L, Metin A, Garty BZ, Sun-Tan Ç, Broides A, de Paus RA, Keskin Ö, Çağdaş D, Tezcan I, Lopez-Ruzafa E, Aróstegui JI, Levy J, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Sanal Ö, Santos-Argumedo L, Casanova JL, Boisson-Dupuis S, van Dissel JT, Bustamante J. IL-12Rβ1 deficiency: mutation update and description of the IL12RB1 variation database. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1329-39. [PMID: 23864330 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by predisposition to recurrent and/or severe infections caused by otherwise poorly pathogenic mycobacteria and salmonella. IL-12Rβ1 is a receptor chain of both the IL-12 and the IL-23 receptor and deficiency of IL-12Rβ1 thus abolishes both IL-12 and IL-23 signaling. IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is caused by bi-allelic mutations in the IL12RB1 gene. Mutations resulting in premature stop codons, such as nonsense, frame shift, and splice site mutations, represent the majority of IL-12Rβ1 deficiency causing mutations (66%; 46/70). Also every other morbid mutation completely inactivates the IL-12Rβ1 protein. In addition to disease-causing mutations, rare and common variations with unknown functional effect have been reported in IL12RB1. All these variants have been deposited in the online IL12RB1 variation database (www.LOVD.nl/IL12RB1). In this article, we review the function of IL-12Rβ1 and molecular genetics of human IL12RB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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Lee WI, Huang JL, Wu TS, Lee MH, Chen IJ, Yu KH, Liu CY, Yang CH, Hsieh MY, Lin YL, Shih YF, Jaing TH, Huang SC, Kuo TT, Ku CL. Patients with inhibitory and neutralizing auto-antibodies to interferon-γ resemble the sporadic adult-onset phenotype of Mendelian Susceptibility to Mycobacterial Disease (MSMD) lacking Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG)-induced diseases. Immunobiology 2013; 218:762-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) serotypes cause a localized gastroenteritis in immunocompetent individuals. In contrast, primary immunodeficiencies that impair interleukin-23 (IL-23)-dependent pathways are associated in humans with disseminated NTS bloodstream infections (bacteraemia). The recent use of animal models has helped to define the role the IL-23 axis plays during NTS gastroenteritis, but additional work is needed to elucidate how this host defence pathway prevents NTS bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Godinez
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Zheng J, Liu Y, Qin G, Lam KT, Guan J, Xiang Z, Lewis DB, Lau YL, Tu W. Generation of human Th1-like regulatory CD4+ T cells by an intrinsic IFN-γ- and T-bet-dependent pathway. Eur J Immunol 2010; 41:128-39. [PMID: 21182084 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Murine Foxp3(+) Treg have recently been shown to express T-bet, a transcription factor characteristic of Th1 effector cells. A human Treg phenotype equivalent has not been reported. Here, we show that naïve human CD4(+) T cells incubated with low numbers of CD40-activated allogeneic B cells preferentially differentiate into alloantigen-specific CD4(hi) CD25(hi) Treg. These differentiated cells potently suppress effector T-cell responses and express T-bet, IFN-γ, and CXCR3, the features of Th1 effector cells. In contrast, co-culture of naïve CD4(+) T cells with high numbers of allogeneic B cells results in CD4(+) CD25(+) T cells that promote, rather than inhibit, effector T-cell responses, demonstrating the plasticity of CD4(+) T-cell differentiation in response to alloantigen-presenting B cells. The optimal accumulation of CD4(hi) CD25(hi) Treg induced using higher T cell:B cell co-culture ratios was dependent on the expression of T-bet and endogenously produced IFN-γ. Induction of Treg-mediated suppression function in the Treg population was not. As CXCR3 confers the preferential trafficking of T cells to tissue sites of IFN-γ, these human Th1-like Treg might be useful for modulating pathological Th1 effector responses, such as that occurring during graft-versus-host disease or graft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P R China
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de Beaucoudrey L, Samarina A, Bustamante J, Cobat A, Boisson-Dupuis S, Feinberg J, Al-Muhsen S, Jannière L, Rose Y, Desurenaim M, Kong XF, Filipe-Santos O, Chapgier A, Picard C, Fischer A, Dogu F, Ikinciogullari A, Tanir G, Hajjar SA, Jumaah SA, Frayha HH, AlSum Z, Ajaji SA, Alangari A, Al-Ghonaium A, Adimi P, Mansouri D, Mustapha IB, Yancoski J, Garty BZ, Rodriguez-Gallego C, Caragol I, Kutukculer N, Kumararatne DS, Patel S, Doffinger R, Exley A, Jeppsson O, Reichenbach J, Nadal D, Boyko Y, Pietrucha B, Anderson S, Levin M, Schandené L, Schepers K, Efira A, Mascart F, Matsuoka M, Sakai T, Siegrist CA, Frecerova K, Blüetters-Sawatzki R, Bernhöft J, Freihorst J, Baumann U, Richter D, Haerynck F, De Baets F, Novelli V, Lammas D, Vermylen C, Tuerlinckx D, Nieuwhof C, Pac M, Haas WH, Müller-Fleckenstein I, Fleckenstein B, Levy J, Raj R, Cohen AC, Lewis DB, Holland S, Yang KD, Wang X, Jiang XWL, Yang X, Zhu C, Xie Y, Lee PPW, Chan KW, Chen TX, Castro G, Ivelisse N, Codoceo A, King A, Bezrodnik L, Giovani DD, Gaillard MI, de Moraes-Vasconcelos D, Grumach AS, Duarte AJDS, Aldana R, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Bejaoui M, Bousfiha AA, El Baghdadi J, Özbek N, Aksu G, Keser M, Somer A, Hatipoglu N, Aydogmus Ç, Asilsoy S, Camcioglu Y, Gülle S, Ozgur TT, Ozen M, Oleastro M, Bernasconi A, Mamishi S, Parvaneh N, Rosenzweig S, Barbouche R, Pedraza S, Lau YL, Ehlayel MS, Fieschi C, Abel L, Sanal O, Casanova JL. Revisiting human IL-12Rβ1 deficiency: a survey of 141 patients from 30 countries. Medicine (Baltimore) 2010; 89:381-402. [PMID: 21057261 PMCID: PMC3129625 DOI: 10.1097/md.0b013e3181fdd832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 receptor β1 (IL-12Rβ1) deficiency is the most common form of Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD). We undertook an international survey of 141 patients from 102 kindreds in 30 countries. Among 102 probands, the first infection occurred at a mean age of 2.4 years. In 78 patients, this infection was caused by Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG; n = 65), environmental mycobacteria (EM; also known as atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria) (n = 9) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n = 4). Twenty-two of the remaining 24 probands initially presented with nontyphoidal, extraintestinal salmonellosis. Twenty of the 29 genetically affected sibs displayed clinical signs (69%); however 8 remained asymptomatic (27%). Nine nongenotyped sibs with symptoms died. Recurrent BCG infection was diagnosed in 15 cases, recurrent EM in 3 cases, recurrent salmonellosis in 22 patients. Ninety of the 132 symptomatic patients had infections with a single microorganism. Multiple infections were diagnosed in 40 cases, with combined mycobacteriosis and salmonellosis in 36 individuals. BCG disease strongly protected against subsequent EM disease (p = 0.00008). Various other infectious diseases occurred, albeit each rarely, yet candidiasis was reported in 33 of the patients (23%). Ninety-nine patients (70%) survived, with a mean age at last follow-up visit of 12.7 years ± 9.8 years (range, 0.5-46.4 yr). IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is characterized by childhood-onset mycobacteriosis and salmonellosis, rare recurrences of mycobacterial disease, and more frequent recurrence of salmonellosis. The condition has higher clinical penetrance, broader susceptibility to infections, and less favorable outcome than previously thought.
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Adult-onset presentations of genetic immunodeficiencies: genes can throw slow curves. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2010; 23:359-64. [PMID: 20581672 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0b013e32833bc1b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The molecular and genetic mechanisms behind adult presentations of primary immunodeficiency diseases are examined, with particular emphasis on cases where this was heralded by severe, recurrent, or opportunistic infection. RECENT FINDINGS A detailed analysis over the last two decades of the relationship between genotype and clinical phenotype for a number of genetic immunodeficiencies has revealed multiple mechanisms that can account for the delayed presentation of genetic disorders that typically present in childhood, including hypomorphic gene mutations and X-linked gene mutations with age-related skewing in random X-chromosome inactivation. Adult-onset presentations of chronic granulomatous disease, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, IL-12/Th1/IFN-gamma and IL-23/Th17/IL-17 pathway defects, and X-linked lymphoproliferative disorder are used to illustrate these mechanisms. Finally, certain genetic types of common variable immunodeficiency are used to illustrate that inherited null mutations can take decades to manifest immunologically. SUMMARY Both genetic mechanisms and environmental factors can account for adult-onset infectious and noninfectious complications as manifestations of disorders that are typically present in childhood. This emphasizes the potential complexity in the relationship between genotype and phenotype with natural human mutations.
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Interleukin 12 receptor beta1 chain deficiency in a child with disseminated tuberculosis: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 68:909-11. [PMID: 20307773 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2006] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pedraza-Sánchez S, Herrera-Barrios MT, Aldana-Vergara R, Neumann-Ordoñez M, González-Hernández Y, Sada-Díaz E, de Beaucoudrey L, Casanova JL, Torres-Rojas M. Bacille Calmette-Guérin infection and disease with fatal outcome associated with a point mutation in the interleukin-12/interleukin-23 receptor beta-1 chain in two Mexican families. Int J Infect Dis 2010; 14 Suppl 3:e256-60. [PMID: 20171917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Revised: 10/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD) mainly suffer from Mycobacterium and Salmonella infections, which are due to mutations in genes controlling the interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23-dependent IFN-γ production. We performed a molecular diagnosis in two Mexican patients with persistent mycobacterial infections. Patients 1 (P1) and 2 (P2) from two unrelated, non-consanguineous families from two villages near Mexico City developed bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) disease secondary to vaccination; patients and their families were studied at the immunological level for production and response to IFN-γ. The β1 subunit of the IL-12 receptor (encoded by the IL12RB1 gene) was not expressed in cells from P1 or P2, or in two siblings of P1. Sequencing of the IL12RB1 gene showed the same point mutation 1791+2 T>G, homozygous in patients and heterozygous in parents. P1 and P2 died at the ages of 4 and 16 years, respectively, with disseminated and uncontrolled BCG disease and with Candida albicans infections in spite of multiple anti-mycobacterial drug treatments. One of P2's siblings also died following disseminated mycobacterial infection secondary to BCG vaccination. These are the first cases in Mexico of patients with BCG disease traced to a mutation in the IL12RB1 gene, with a fatal outcome. Doctors must be alert to the adverse reactions to BCG vaccination and to persistent Mycobacterium infections, and in such cases should investigate possible mutations in the genes of the IL-12/IL-23-IFN-γ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigifredo Pedraza-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry, National Institute for Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Delegación Tlalpan, Mexico.
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25
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Bowman CC, Bost KL. [Not Available]. Open Microbiol J 2009; 3:23-8. [PMID: 19543553 PMCID: PMC2698426 DOI: 10.2174/1874285800903010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of IL-12 and IFN-γ secretion are important components of the protective host response against the intracellular bacterial pathogen, Salmonella typhimurium. While infection with Salmonella does elicit this T helper type 1 response, its magnitude does not appear to be sufficient to prevent infection or limit pathogenesis. Therefore we have investigated factors which might limit a T helper type 1 response following infection. Previously we found that infection of antigen presenting cells with Salmonella dramatically increases cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, resulting in high levels of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). Since PGE₂ production can have profound effects on initiation of T helper type 1 responses, we questioned whether this mediator might limit antigen-specific T cell activation. Here we show that blockage of COX-2 activity with the selective inhibitor celecoxib leads to enhancement of the T helper type 1 components stimulated by Salmonella infection. In vitro studies demonstrate the induction of IL-12 and IFN-γ upon Salmonella exposure, which are further increased following COX-2 inhibition. Taken together these in vitro studies suggest that COX-2 activity can limit a salmonella-initiated T helper type 1 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Bowman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223
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Haines CJ, Giffon TD, Lu LS, Lu X, Tessier-Lavigne M, Ross DT, Lewis DB. Human CD4+ T cell recent thymic emigrants are identified by protein tyrosine kinase 7 and have reduced immune function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:275-85. [PMID: 19171767 PMCID: PMC2646563 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20080996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CD4+ recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) comprise a clinically and immunologically important T cell population that indicates thymic output and that is essential for maintaining a diverse αβ–T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the naive CD4+ T cell compartment. However, their frequency and function are poorly understood because no known surface markers distinguish them from older non-RTE naive CD4+ T cells. We demonstrate that protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) is a novel marker for human CD4+ RTEs. Consistent with their recent thymic origin, human PTK7+ RTEs contained higher levels of signal joint TCR gene excision circles and were more responsive to interleukin (IL)-7 compared with PTK7− naive CD4+ T cells, and rapidly decreased after complete thymectomy. Importantly, CD4+ RTEs proliferated less and produced less IL-2 and interferon-γ than PTK7− naive CD4+ T cells after αβ-TCR/CD3 and CD28 engagement. This immaturity in CD4+ RTE effector function may contribute to the reduced CD4+ T cell immunity observed in contexts in which CD4+ RTEs predominate, such as in the fetus and neonate or after immune reconstitution. The ability to identify viable CD4+ RTEs by PTK7 staining should be useful for monitoring thymic output in both healthy individuals and in patients with genetic or acquired CD4+ T cell immunodeficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Haines
- Department of Pediatrics and the Immunology Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Tang C, Yamada H, Shibata K, Muta H, Wajjwalku W, Podack ER, Yoshikai Y. A novel role of CD30L/CD30 signaling by T-T cell interaction in Th1 response against mycobacterial infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 181:6316-27. [PMID: 18941223 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A CD30 ligand (CD30L, CD153) is a type II membrane-associated glycoprotein belonging to the TNF family. To illustrate the potential role of CD30L in CD4(+) Th1 cell responses, we investigated the fate of Ag-specific CD4(+) T cells in CD30L-deficient (CD30L(-/-)) mice after Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection. The number of bacteria was significantly higher in organs of CD30L(-/-) mice than in wild-type (WT) mice 4 wk postinfection. The numbers of purified protein derivative- or Ag85B-specific-IFN-gamma-producing-CD4(+) T cells in spleen, lung, or peritoneal exudate cells were significantly fewer in CD30L(-/-) mice than in WT mice. During the infection, CD30L was expressed mainly by CD44(+)CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells but not by CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, or macrophages. Costimulation with agonistic anti-CD30 mAb or coculturing with CD30L-transfected P815 cells restored IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells from BCG-infected CD30L(-/-) mice. Coculturing with CD30L(+/+)CD4(+) T cells from BCG-infected WT mice also restored the number of IFN-gamma(+)CD30L(-/-)CD4(+) T cells. When transferred into the CD30L(+/+) mice, Ag-specific donor CD30L(-/-) CD4(+) T cells capable of producing IFN-gamma were restored to the compared level seen in CD30L(+/+) CD4(+) T cells on day 10 after BCG infection. When naive CD30L(+/+) T cells were transferred into CD30L(-/-) mice, IFN-gamma-producing-CD4(+) Th1 cells of donor origin were normally generated following BCG infection, and IFN-gamma-producing-CD30L(-/-)CD4(+) Th1 cells of host origin were partly restored. These results suggest that CD30L/CD30 signaling executed by CD30(+) T-CD30L(+) T cell interaction partly play a critical role in augmentation of Th1 response capable of producing IFN-gamma against BCG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Tang
- Division of Host Defense, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Over the last decade, significant advances have been made in the methodology for studying immune responses in vivo. It is now possible to follow almost every aspect of pathogen-specific immunity using in vivo models that incorporate physiological infectious doses and natural routes of infection. This new ability to study immunity in a relevant physiological context will greatly expand our understanding of the dynamic interplay between host and pathogen. Visualizing the resolution of primary infection and the development of long-term immunological memory should also aid the development of new vaccines and therapeutics for infectious diseases. In this review, we will describe the application of in vivo visualization technology to Salmonella infection, describe our current understanding of Salmonella-specific immunity, and discuss some unanswered questions that remain in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J. Moon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Stephen J. McSorley
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
- Center for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
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29
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Lee WI, Liang FC, Huang JL, Jaing TH, Wang CH, Lin TY, Huang YC, Huang WL, Jou R, Hsieh MY, Chia JH, Wu TL. Immunologic Analysis of HIV-Uninfected Taiwanese Children with BCG-Induced Disease. J Clin Immunol 2008; 29:319-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-008-9265-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cooper AM, Solache A, Khader SA. Interleukin-12 and tuberculosis: an old story revisited. Curr Opin Immunol 2007; 19:441-7. [PMID: 17702558 PMCID: PMC2075090 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2007] [Revised: 06/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of interleukin (IL)-12 in controlling tuberculosis has expanded because of increased interest in other members of the IL-12 family of cytokines. Recent data show that IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 have specific roles in the initiation, expansion and control of the cellular response to tuberculosis. Specifically, IL-12, and to a lesser degree IL-23, generates protective cellular responses and promotes survival, whereas IL-27 moderates the inflammatory response and is required for long-term survival. Paradoxically, IL-27 also limits bacterial control, suggesting that a balance between bacterial killing and tissue damage is required for survival. Understanding the balance between IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 is crucial to the development of immune intervention in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Cooper
- The Trudeau Institute, Inc. 154 Algonquin Ave. Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA.
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31
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Sahiratmadja E, Baak-Pablo R, de Visser AW, Alisjahbana B, Adnan I, van Crevel R, Marzuki S, van Dissel JT, Ottenhoff THM, van de Vosse E. Association of polymorphisms in IL-12/IFN-gamma pathway genes with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Indonesia. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2007; 87:303-11. [PMID: 17392024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 12/05/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Upon infection with mycobacteria the IL-12/IFN-gamma axis plays an essential role in the activation of cell-mediated immunity required for the elimination of pathogens. Mutations in genes of the IL-12/IFN-gamma axis are known to cause extreme susceptibility to infection with environmental mycobacteria, and subtle variations in these genes may influence susceptibility to more virulent mycobacteria. We analyzed the distribution of polymorphisms in four essential genes from the IL-12/IFN-gamma axis, IL12B, IL12RB1, IFNG and IFNGR1, in 382 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 437 healthy controls from an endemic region in Jakarta, Indonesia. The IL12RB1 gene was sequenced in a subset of individuals. Nine known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and two new silent variations, 135G>A and 1056C>T, were detected in IL12RB1. Six functional SNPs (-2C>T, 467G>A, 641A>G, 1312C>T, 1573G>A, 1781G>A) in IL12RB1, an IL12B promoter insertion/deletion polymorphism and CA repeats in IFNG and IFNGR1 were analyzed in the cohort. The IFNGR1 allele CA(12) (p=0.004) and genotype CA(12)/CA(12) (p=0.01; OR 0.5) were associated with protection from pulmonary tuberculosis. Interestingly, IL12B promoter heterozygosity was associated with protection from tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated individuals (p=0.03; OR=0.6). This new finding supports the role that IL-23-of which IL12B encodes a subunit--plays in generation of memory T cells.
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Chen L, Cohen AC, Lewis DB. Impaired allogeneic activation and T-helper 1 differentiation of human cord blood naive CD4 T cells. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2006; 12:160-71. [PMID: 16443514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2005.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CD4 T cells, particularly those of the T-helper 1 (Th1) subset, are important effectors in alloimmune diseases, such as graft-versus-host disease, and in controlling infections with intracellular pathogens. Thus, it is plausible that impaired neonatal CD4 T-cell immunity might contribute to the low incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells using cord blood (CB) compared with adult sources of hematopoietic stem cells. In support of this hypothesis, we found that CB naive CD4 T cells had reduced activation and impaired early Th1 differentiation compared with adult peripheral blood naive CD4 T cells after stimulation by allogeneic dendritic cells derived from adult monocytes. Early Th1 polarization was dependent on interleukin-12 and CD154, and CB CD4 T cell/dendritic cell co-cultures had impaired expression of both proteins. CB naive CD4 T cells had low basal levels of signal transduction and activation of transcription 4 messenger RNA and protein, and, after alloantigen stimulation, reduced interleukin-12-induced signal transduction and activation of transcription 4 tyrosine phosphorylation, compared with adult peripheral blood naive T cells. Lastly, FoxP3 protein expression, a marker for regulatory CD25(high) CD4 T cells, was lower for naive CD4 T cells of CB compared with those of adult peripheral blood, which argued against increased T-regulatory activity as a mechanism for the decreased Th1 differentiation of CB CD4 T cells. Together, these intrinsic limitations in T-cell activation and Th1 differentiation may impair the ability of T cells in CB and the neonate to respond to allogeneic or infectious challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and the Immunology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Filipe-Santos O, Bustamante J, Chapgier A, Vogt G, de Beaucoudrey L, Feinberg J, Jouanguy E, Boisson-Dupuis S, Fieschi C, Picard C, Casanova JL. Inborn errors of IL-12/23- and IFN-γ-mediated immunity: molecular, cellular, and clinical features. Semin Immunol 2006; 18:347-61. [PMID: 16997570 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 07/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases confers predisposition to clinical disease caused by weakly virulent mycobacterial species in otherwise healthy individuals. Since 1996, disease-causing mutations have been found in five autosomal genes (IFNGR1, IFNGR2, STAT1, IL12B, IL12BR1) and one X-linked gene (NEMO). These genes display a high degree of allelic heterogeneity, defining at least 13 disorders. Although genetically different, these conditions are immunologically related, as all result in impaired IL-12/23-IFN-gamma-mediated immunity. These disorders were initially thought to be rare, but have now been diagnosed in over 220 patients from over 43 countries worldwide. We review here the molecular, cellular, and clinical features of patients with inborn errors of the IL-12/23-IFN-gamma circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orchidée Filipe-Santos
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, University of Paris René Descartes-INSERM U 550, Necker Medical School, 75015 Paris, France, EU
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Cohen AC, Nadeau KC, Tu W, Hwa V, Dionis K, Bezrodnik L, Teper A, Gaillard M, Heinrich J, Krensky AM, Rosenfeld RG, Lewis DB. Cutting edge: Decreased accumulation and regulatory function of CD4+ CD25(high) T cells in human STAT5b deficiency. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:2770-4. [PMID: 16920911 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.5.2770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We show that STAT5b is important for the in vivo accumulation of CD4+ CD25(high) T cells with regulatory cell function. A patient homozygous for a missense A630P STAT5b mutation displayed immune dysregulation and decreased numbers of CD4+ CD25(high) T cells. STAT5b(A630P/A630P) CD4+ CD25(high) T cells had low expression of forkhead box P3 and an impaired ability to suppress the proliferation of or to kill CD4+ CD25- T cells. Expression of CD25, a component of the high-affinity IL-2R, was also reduced in response to IL-2 or after in vitro propagation. The impact of the STAT5b mutation was selective in that IL-2-mediated up-regulation of the common gamma-chain cytokine receptor and perforin, and activation-induced expressions of CD154 and IFN-gamma were normal. These results indicate that STAT5b propagates an important IL-2-mediated signal for the in vivo accumulation of functional regulatory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen C Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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35
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Hoeve MA, Savage NDL, de Boer T, Langenberg DML, de Waal Malefyt R, Ottenhoff THM, Verreck FAW. Divergent effects of IL-12 and IL-23 on the production of IL-17 by human T cells. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:661-70. [PMID: 16482511 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
IL-23 is regarded as a major pro-inflammatory mediator in autoimmune disease, a role which until recently was ascribed to its related cytokine IL-12. IL-23, an IL-12p40/p19 heterodimeric protein, binds to IL-12Rbeta1/IL-23R receptor complexes. Mice deficient for p19, p40 or IL-12Rbeta1 are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or collagen-induced arthritis. Paradoxically, however, IL-12Rbeta2- and IL-12p35-deficient mice show remarkable increases in disease susceptibility, suggesting divergent roles of IL-23 and IL-12 in modulating inflammatory processes. IL-23 induces IL-17, which mediates inflammation and tissue remodeling, but the role of IL-12 in this respect remains unidentified. We investigated the roles of exogenous (recombinant) and endogenous (macrophage-derived) IL-12 and IL-23, on IL-17-induction in human T-cells. IL-23 enhanced IL-17 secretion, as did IL-2, IL-15, IL-18 and IL-21. In contrast, IL-12 mediated specific inhibition of IL-17 production. These data support the role of IL-23 in inflammation through stimulating IL-17 production by T lymphocytes, and importantly indicate a novel regulatory function for IL-12 by specifically suppressing IL-17 secretion. These data therefore extend previous reports that had indicated unique functions for IL-23 and IL-12 due to distinct receptor expression and signal transduction complexes, and provide novel insights into the regulation of immunity, inflammation and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke A Hoeve
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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36
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van de Vosse E, Ottenhoff THM. Human host genetic factors in mycobacterial and Salmonella infection: lessons from single gene disorders in IL-12/IL-23-dependent signaling that affect innate and adaptive immunity. Microbes Infect 2006; 8:1167-73. [PMID: 16513390 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2005.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/19/2005] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 signal transduction-deficient individuals with genetic defects in IL12RB1 or IL12B often suffer from unusual mycobacterial and Salmonella infections. Here we discuss recent questions that have arisen from clinical observations that cast doubt on the necessity of IL-12/IL-23 signaling in controlling infections with intracellular bacteria. Alternative IL-12/IL-23-dependent, interferon-gamma-independent pathways of immunity to intracellular bacteria are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Shimozato O, Ugai SI, Chiyo M, Takenobu H, Nagakawa H, Wada A, Kawamura K, Yamamoto H, Tagawa M. The secreted form of the p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 inhibits IL-23 functions and abrogates IL-23-mediated antitumour effects. Immunology 2006; 117:22-8. [PMID: 16423037 PMCID: PMC1782201 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02257.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-23 is a heterodimeric cytokine consisting of a novel p19 molecule and the p40 subunit of IL-12. Since secreted p40 can act as an antagonist for IL-12, we investigated whether p40 also inhibited IL-23-mediated immunological functions. p40 did not induce interferon (IFN)-gamma or IL-17 production from splenocytes but impaired IL-23-induced cytokine production by competitive binding to the IL-23 receptors. Furthermore, a mixed population of murine colon carcinoma Colon 26 cells transduced with the p40 gene and those transduced with the IL-23 gene developed tumours in syngenic mice, whereas the IL-23-expressing Colon 26 cells were completely rejected. p40 also suppressed IFN-gamma production of antigen-stimulated splenocytes and IL-23-mediated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activities in the mice that rejected Colon 26 cells expressing IL-23. p40 can thereby antagonize IL-23 and is a possible therapeutic agent for suppression of IL-23 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Shimozato
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteNitona, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ugai
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteNitona, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityInohana, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masako Chiyo
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteNitona, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityInohana, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisanori Takenobu
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteNitona, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Nagakawa
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteNitona, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityInohana, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wada
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteNitona, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba UniversityInohana, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Kawamura
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteNitona, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamamoto
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tagawa
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research InstituteNitona, Chiba, Japan
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Mansouri D, Adimi P, Mirsaeidi M, Mansouri N, Khalilzadeh S, Masjedi MR, Adimi P, Tabarsi P, Naderi M, Filipe-Santos O, Vogt G, de Beaucoudrey L, Bustamante J, Chapgier A, Feinberg J, Velayati AA, Casanova JL. Inherited disorders of the IL-12-IFN-gamma axis in patients with disseminated BCG infection. Eur J Pediatr 2005; 164:753-7. [PMID: 16091917 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-005-1689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Disseminated BCG infection is a rare complication of vaccination that occurs in patients with impaired immunity. In recent years, a series of inherited disorders of the IL-12-IFN-gamma axis have been described that predispose affected individuals to disseminated disease caused by BCG, environmental Mycobacteria, and non-typhoidal Salmonella. The routine immunological work-up of these patients is normal and the diagnosis requires specific investigation of the IL-12-IFN-gamma circuit. We report here the first two such patients originating from and living in Iran. The first child is two years old and suffers from complete IFN-gamma receptor 2 deficiency and disseminated BCG infection. He is currently in clinical remission thanks to prolonged multiple antibiotic therapy. The other, a 28-year-old adult, suffers from IL-12p40 deficiency and presented with disseminated BCG infection followed by recurrent episodes of systemic salmonellosis. He is now doing well. A third patient of Iranian descent, living in North America, was reported elsewhere to suffer from IL-12Rbeta1 deficiency. These three patients thus indicate that various inherited defects of the IL-12-IFN-gamma circuit can be found in Iranian people. In conclusion we recommend to consider the disorders of the IL-12-IFN-gamma circuit in all patients with severe BCG infection, disseminated environmental mycobacterial disease, or systemic non-typhoidal salmonellosis, regardless of their ethnic origin and country of residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Mansouri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Darabad, Tehran, Iran.
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39
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van de Vosse E, de Paus RA, van Dissel JT, Ottenhoff THM. Molecular complementation of IL-12Rβ1 deficiency reveals functional differences between IL-12Rβ1 alleles including partial IL-12Rβ1 deficiency. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:3847-55. [PMID: 16293671 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddi409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with mutations in IL12RB1, the gene encoding IL-12Rbeta1, suffer from combined IL-12R/IL-23R deficiency and are unusually susceptible to nontuberculous mycobacteria and salmonellae. The functional effects of amino acid changes in IL-12Rbeta1, however, have not been determined at the molecular level. Molecular complementation studies are essential to demonstrate how structural amino acid changes affect IL-12Rbeta1 function, and whether functionally different IL-12Rbeta1 alleles can be distinguished. Thirteen different IL-12Rbeta1 alleles, including 11 amino acid substitutions and the two major haplotypes (214Q-365M-378G and 214R-365T-378R), were retrovirally transduced in IL-12Rbeta1 deficient human T cells. We provide functional evidence that L77P, R173P, C186S, R213W and Y367C are deleterious mutations leading to non-functional proteins. Conversely, S74R, R156H, H438Y, A525T and G594E are fully functional IL-12Rbeta1 variants. The C198R mutation leads to a partially functional IL-12Rbeta1, representing the first molecularly proven partial IL-12Rbeta1 deficiency. Interleukin-12 (IL-12) induced not only Interferon-gamma but also IL-10 in all responder but not in null-mutant alleles, with intermediate levels in C198R. The QMG allele was found to be a higher IL-12 responder allele compared with the RTR allele. These results have implications for understanding IL-12R/IL-23R structure-function and the role of IL-12R/IL-23R in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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40
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Becker C, Wirtz S, Neurath MF. Stepwise regulation of TH1 responses in autoimmunity: IL-12-related cytokines and their receptors. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005; 11:755-64. [PMID: 16043992 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000172808.03877.4d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-12 is a key cytokine of cell-mediated immune responses. Until recently, IL-12 was believed to be unique in its ability to induce the differentiation of naive T cells toward the TH1 phenotype and in its pathogenic activity, as shown in various disease models including inflammatory bowel disease. However, recently, 2 additional cytokines closely related to IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27, were discovered. Until then, the role of IL-12 was overestimated because it was believed that the p40 subunit was unique to IL-12. The discovery that IL-12 shares p40 with IL-23 and that IL-23 but not IL-12 is essential in models of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity led to a model in which IL-12 is essential to induce interferon-gamma-producing TH1 cells, whereas IL-23 mediates effector functions. The latest cytokine added to this cytokine family is IL-27. IL-27 has the unique feature to act on naive T cells, rendering them susceptible to IL-12 signaling. Thus, IL-27 may be essential for the early events of a cell-mediated immune response. This review focuses on these novel cytokines and their role in cell-mediated immune responses and discusses differences and common features within the family of IL-12-related cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Becker
- Laboratory of Immunology, I. Department of Medicine, University of Mainz, Germany
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41
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Langrish CL, McKenzie BS, Wilson NJ, de Waal Malefyt R, Kastelein RA, Cua DJ. IL-12 and IL-23: master regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. Immunol Rev 2005; 202:96-105. [PMID: 15546388 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00214.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Initiation of an effective immune response requires close interactions between innate and adaptive immunity. Recent advances in the field of cytokine biology have led to an increased understanding of how myeloid cell-derived factors regulate the immune system to protect the host from infections and prevent tumor development. In this review, we focus on the function of interleukin (IL)-23, a new member of the IL-12 family of regulatory cytokines produced by activated macrophages and dendritic cells. We propose that IL-12 and IL-23 promote two distinct immunological pathways that have separate but complementary functions. IL-12 is required for antimicrobial responses to intracellular pathogens, whereas IL-23 is likely to be important for the recruitment and activation of a range of inflammatory cells that is required for the induction of chronic inflammation and granuloma formation. These two cytokines work in concert to regulate cellular immune responses critical for host defense and tumor suppression.
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42
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Ozbek N, Fieschi C, Yilmaz BT, de Beaucoudrey L, Demirhan B, Feinberg J, Bikmaz YE, Casanova JL. Interleukin-12 Receptor 1 Chain Deficiency in a Child with Disseminated Tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2005; 40:e55-8. [PMID: 15736007 DOI: 10.1086/427879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Accepted: 11/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old girl who presented with disseminated tuberculosis associated with secondary hemophagocytosis received a diagnosis of interleukin-12 receptor beta 1 chain deficiency. This diagnosis of immunodeficiency should, therefore, be considered for children with disseminated tuberculosis, even in the absence of any personal or familial history of prior infection by weakly pathogenic Salmonella and Mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namik Ozbek
- Department of Pediatrics, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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43
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Abstract
IL-12, IL-23 and IFN-γ form a loop and have been thought to play a crucial role against infectious viruses, which are the prototype of “intracellular” pathogens. In the last 10 years, the generation of knock-out (KO) mice for genes that control IL-12/IL-23-dependent IFN-γ-dependent mediated immunity (STAT1, IFN-γR1, IFNγR2, IL-12p40 and IL-12Rβ1) and the identification of patients with spontaneous germline mutations in these genes has led to a re-examination of the role of these cytokines in anti-viral immunity. We here review viral infections in mice and humans with genetic defects in the IL-12/IL-23-IFN-γ axis. A comparison of the phenotypes observed in KO mice and deficient patients suggests that the human IL-12/IL-23-IFN-γ axis plays a redundant role in immunity to most viruses, whereas its mouse counterparts play a more important role against several viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Novelli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Medical School, René Descartes University of Paris, INSERM U550, 156 Rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France.
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44
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Ulrichs T, Fieschi C, Nevicka E, Hahn H, Brezina M, Kaufmann SHE, Casanova JL, Frecerova K. Variable outcome of experimental interferon-gamma therapy of disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin infection in two unrelated interleukin-12Rbeta1-deficient Slovakian children. Eur J Pediatr 2005; 164:166-72. [PMID: 15633050 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-004-1599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an attenuated live vaccine that may cause life-threatening clinical disease in children with impaired immunity. In particular, patients with any of the nine known inherited disorders of the interleukin-12/23 interferon-gamma (IL-12/23-IFNgamma) axis are highly vulnerable to BCG. We describe two unrelated young Slovakian children suffering from disseminated BCG infection which developed shortly after routine BCG vaccination after birth. During treatment with selected anti-BCG antibiotics, resistance against several of these drugs developed. In both children, interleukin-12/23 receptor beta1 (IL-12/23Rbeta1) deficiency was diagnosed. Thus, in addition to chemotherapy, immunomodulatory treatment with recombinant IFN-gamma was performed as the pathogenesis of BCG disease in IL-12Rbeta1 deficiency involves impaired IL-12- and IL-23-dependent IFN-gamma production by lymphocytes. One child responded to treatment and is presently doing well whereas the second patient died. CONCLUSION The marked variability of outcome of disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guerin disease in interleukin-12/23 receptor beta1-deficient children sharing the same ethnic origin and exposed to a similar environment as presented in these case reports has to be taken into consideration for diagnosis and treatment of infections due to this genetic defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Ulrichs
- Department of Immunology, Max-Planck-Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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45
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Abstract
The interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/interleukin-12 (IL-12) pathway is a pivotal player in the immune system and is central to controlling mycobacterial infections. We highlight the most recent and relevant advances in understanding this pathway and their repercussions on basic and clinical science. Human mutations in IFN-gamma receptor-1 (IFN-gammaR1), IFN-gammaR2, IL-12p40, IL-12 receptor-beta1, signal transducer and activator of transcription-1, and nuclear factor-kappaB essential modulator are analyzed in the context of genetic susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases. A diagnostic and therapeutic approach is described. The IFN-gamma/IL-12 pathway is central in immune control of both environmental and autochthonous challenges, as reflected in human mutations and animal models. Besides being crucial for mycobacterial control, the IFN-gamma/IL-12 pathway is also involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease as well as tumor development and control. Genotype-phenotype correlations have been established for certain genes in this pathway, some of which have therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D Rosenzweig
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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46
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Bosticardo M, Witte I, Fieschi C, Novelli F, Casanova JL, Candotti F. Retroviral-mediated gene transfer restores IL-12 and IL-23 signaling pathways in T cells from IL-12 receptor beta1-deficient patients. Mol Ther 2005; 9:895-901. [PMID: 15194056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2003] [Accepted: 02/20/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic deficiency of human IL-12 receptor beta1 chain (IL-12Rbeta1) results in increased vulnerability to weakly pathogenic strains of Mycobacteria and Salmonella. This phenotype results from the combined lack of IL-12 and IL-23 signaling as both cytokine receptors share IL-12Rbeta1. Such infections can be treated by administration of antibiotics and IFN-gamma; however, patients can succumb to infections despite these treatments. Reversion of patients' susceptibility by corrective gene transfer could prevent the infectious episodes, thus providing a beneficial alternative. We therefore evaluated the feasibility of retroviral-mediated gene correction of T cells obtained from patients carrying "null" mutations of IL-12Rbeta1. Transduction of the IL-12Rbeta1 cDNA restored the expression of IL-12Rbeta1 and resulted in the reconstitution of a functional IL-12 signaling pathway, as demonstrated by STAT4 phosphorylation and IFN-gamma production. IFN-gamma production in response to IL-23 was also corrected after gene transfer. These results indicate that the biological defects of T cells from patients carrying IL-12Rbeta1 deficiency can be corrected by gene transfer and form the basis for further development of gene therapy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Bosticardo
- Disorders of Immunity Section, Genetics and Molecular Biology Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 49 Convent Drive, Building 49, Room 3A20, MSC 4442, Bethesda, MD 20892-4442, USA
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47
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Stoycheva M, Pavlov P, Tzvetkova T. Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients with Salmonellosis. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2005.10817208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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48
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Ottenhoff THM, Verreck FAW, Hoeve MA, van de Vosse E. Control of human host immunity to mycobacteria. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2004; 85:53-64. [PMID: 15687028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2004.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2004] [Accepted: 09/27/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in disease in 5-10% of exposed individuals, whereas the remainder controls infection effectively. Similar inter-individual differences in disease susceptibility are characteristic features of leprosy, typhoid fever, leishmaniasis and other chronic infectious diseases, including viral infections. Although the outcome of infection is influenced by many factors, it is clear that genetic host factors play an important role in controlling disease susceptibility to intracellular pathogens. Knowledge of the genes involved and their downstream cellular pathways will provide new insights for the design of improved and rationalized strategies to enhance host-resistance, e.g. by vaccination. In addition, this knowledge will aid in identifying better biomarkers of protection and disease, which are essential tools for the monitoring of vaccination and other intervention trials. The recent identification of patients with deleterious mutations in genes that encode major proteins in the type-1 cytokine (IL-12/IL23-IFN-gamma) axis, that suffered from severe infections due to otherwise poorly pathogenic mycobacteria (non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or M. bovis Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)) or Salmonella species has revealed the major role of this system in innate and adaptive immunity to mycobacteria and salmonellae. Clinical tuberculosis has now been described in a number of patients with IL-12/IL23-IFN-gamma system defects. Moreover, unusual mycobacterial infections were reported in several patients with genetic defects in NEMO, a key regulatory molecule in the NFkappaB pathway. These new findings will be discussed since they provide further insights into the role of type-1 cytokines in immunity to mycobacteria, including M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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49
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van de Vosse E, Hoeve MA, Ottenhoff THM. Human genetics of intracellular infectious diseases: molecular and cellular immunity against mycobacteria and salmonellae. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2004; 4:739-49. [PMID: 15567123 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(04)01203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to develop adequate immunity to intracellular bacterial pathogens is unequally distributed among human beings. In the case of tuberculosis, for example, infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis results in disease in 5-10% of exposed individuals, whereas the remainder control infection effectively. Similar interindividual differences in disease susceptibility are characteristic features of leprosy, typhoid fever, leishmaniasis, and other chronic infectious diseases, including viral infections. The outcome of infection is influenced by many factors, such as nutritional status, co-infections, exposure to environmental microbes, and previous vaccinations. It is clear, however, that genetic host factors also play an important part in controlling disease susceptibility to intracellular pathogens. Recently, patients with severe infections due to otherwise poorly pathogenic mycobacteria (non-tuberculous mycobacteria or Mycobacterium bovis BCG) or Salmonella spp have been identified. Many of these patients were unable to produce or respond to interferon gamma, due to deleterious mutations in genes that encode major proteins in the type 1 cytokine (interleukin 12/interleukin 23/interferon gamma) axis (interleukin 12p40/interleukin 23p40, IL12 receptor beta1/IL23 receptor beta1, interferon gamma receptors 1 and 2, or signal transducer and activator of transcription 1). This axis is a major immunoregulatory system that bridges innate and adaptive immunity. Unusual mycobacterial infections were also reported in several patients with genetic defects in inhibitor of NFkappaB kinase gamma, a key regulatory molecule in the nuclear factor kappaB pathway. New findings discussed in this review provide further and sometimes surprising insights into the role of type 1 cytokines, and into the unexpected heterogeneity seen in these syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
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50
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Han JY, Rosenzweig SD, Church JA, Holland SM, Ross LA. Variable presentation of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in a family with an interferon-gamma receptor mutation. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 39:868-70. [PMID: 15472821 DOI: 10.1086/423804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously healthy 13-year-old child who had disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection is described. Further history revealed disseminated mycobacterial infections in the patient's father and uncle, starting at 9 years old and 1 year old, respectively. Autosomal dominant interferon- gamma receptor mutation was subsequently identified. Clinical variability among the affected members of the same family is consistent with previous reports suggesting substantial variability in the clinical course of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Han
- Division of General Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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