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Du YT, Zhang HQ, Li Y, Li XP, Yuan ZZ, Li MF. Teleost-specific TLR23 in Takifugu rubripes recruits MyD88 to trigger ERK pathway and promotes antibacterial defense. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109724. [PMID: 38942251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Takifugu rubripes is a highly valued cultured fish in Asia, while pathogen infections can result in severe diseases and lead to substantial economic losses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as pattern recognition receptors, play a crucial role on recognition pathogens and initiation innate immune response. However, the immunological properties of teleost-specific TLR23 remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the biological functions of TLR23 (TrTLR23) from T. rubripes, found that TrTLR23 existed in various organs. Following bacterial pathogen challenge, the expression levels of TrTLR23 were significantly increased in immune related organs. TrTLR23 located on the cellular membrane and specifically recognized pathogenic microorganism. Co-immunoprecipitation and antibody blocking analysis revealed that TrTLR23 recruited myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88), thereby mediating the activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo showed that, when TrTLR23 is overexpressed in T. rubripes, bacterial replication in fish tissues is significantly inhibited. Consistently, when TrTLR23 expression in T. rubripes is knocked down, bacterial replication is significantly enhanced. In conclusion, these findings suggested that TrTLR23 played a critical role on mediation TLR23-MyD88-ERK axis against bacterial infection. This study revealed that TLR23 involved in the innate immune mechanism, and provided the foundation for development disease control strategies in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Hong-Qiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Xue-Peng Li
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Zeng-Zhi Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Mo-Fei Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, 393 West Binshui Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin, 300387, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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2
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Felch KL, Crider JD, Bhattacharjee D, Huhn C, Wilson M, Bengtén E. TLR7 in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is expressed in the endolysosome and is stimulated by synthetic ssRNA analogs, imiquimod, and resiquimod. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 157:105197. [PMID: 38763479 PMCID: PMC11234115 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pivotal pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and key mediators of innate immunity. Despite the significance of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in comparative immunology and aquaculture, its 20 TLR genes remain largely functionally uncharacterized. In this study, our aim was to determine the catfish TLR7 agonists, signaling potential, and cellular localization. Using a mammalian reporter system, we identified imiquimod and resiquimod, typical ssRNA analogs, as potent catfish TLR7 agonists. Notably, unlike grass carp TLR7, catfish TLR7 lacks the ability to respond to poly (I:C). Confocal microscopy revealed predominant catfish TLR7 expression in lysosomes, co-localizing with the endosomal chaperone protein, UNC93B1. Furthermore, imiquimod stimulation elicited robust IFNb transcription in peripheral blood leukocytes isolated from adult catfish. These findings underscore the conservation of TLR7 signaling in catfish, reminiscent of mammalian TLR7 responses. Our study sheds light on the functional aspects of catfish TLR7 and contributes to a better understanding of its role in immune defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristianna L Felch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Jonathan D Crider
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Biology, Belmont University, 1900 Belmont Blvd, 37212, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Debduti Bhattacharjee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Cameron Huhn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Melanie Wilson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA; Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
| | - Eva Bengtén
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA; Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, 39216, Jackson, MS, USA.
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3
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Melepat B, Li T, Vinkler M. Natural selection directing molecular evolution in vertebrate viral sensors. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:105147. [PMID: 38325501 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Diseases caused by pathogens contribute to molecular adaptations in host immunity. Variety of viral pathogens challenging animal immunity can drive positive selection diversifying receptors recognising the infections. However, whether distinct virus sensing systems differ across animals in their evolutionary modes remains unclear. Our review provides a comparative overview of natural selection shaping molecular evolution in vertebrate viral-binding pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Despite prevailing negative selection arising from the functional constraints, multiple lines of evidence now suggest diversifying selection in the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs). In several cases, location of the positively selected sites in the ligand-binding regions suggests effects on viral detection although experimental support is lacking. Unfortunately, in most other PRR families including the AIM2-like receptor family, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and cyclic GMP-AMP synthetase studies characterising their molecular evolution are rare, preventing comparative insight. We indicate shared characteristics of the viral sensor evolution and highlight priorities for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balraj Melepat
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, EU, Czech Republic
| | - Tao Li
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, EU, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vinkler
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, EU, Czech Republic.
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4
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Hata T, Shimawaki H, Setoguchi S, Morimoto N, Hikima JI, Sakai M, Kono T. Comprehensive analysis of diel rhythmic expression of the medaka toll-like receptor gene family. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:105143. [PMID: 38340882 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Several immune-related genes, including Toll-like receptors (TLR), are associated with circadian rhythms in mammals. However, information on the circadian rhythmic expression of TLRs in fish is limited. In this study, we aimed to analyze the regulation of diel oscillations in the expression of TLR genes in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). The expression analysis revealed diel expression patterns of tlr1, tlr5m, tlr21, and clock genes (bmal1 and clock1) under a 12 h light:12 h dark cycle. The clock gene response element (E-box) was identified in the transcriptional regulatory regions of tlr1, tlr5m, and tlr21. Moreover, overexpressed bmal1 and clock1 enhanced expression levels of tlr1, tlr5m, and tlr21 in medaka embryo (OLHdrR-e3) cells. The expression of tlr1, tlr5m, and tlr21 was significantly decreased in OLHdrR-e3 after generating a bmal1 knockdown using a morpholino oligo. These results indicate the regulation of the diel rhythmic expression of several fish TLRs by clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Hata
- Course of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Shimawaki
- Course of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Suzuka Setoguchi
- Course of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Natsuki Morimoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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Vásquez-Suárez A, Muñoz-Flores C, Ortega L, Roa F, Castillo C, Romero A, Parra N, Sandoval F, Macaya L, González-Chavarría I, Astuya A, Starck MF, Villegas MF, Agurto N, Montesino R, Sánchez O, Valenzuela A, Toledo JR, Acosta J. Design and functional characterization of Salmo salar TLR5 agonist peptides derived from high mobility group B1 acidic tail. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109373. [PMID: 38272332 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) responds to the monomeric form of flagellin and induces the MyD88-depending signaling pathway, activating proinflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB and the consequent induction of cytokines. On the other hand, HMGB1 is a highly conserved non-histone chromosomal protein shown to interact with and activate TLR5. The present work aimed to design and characterize TLR5 agonist peptides derived from the acidic tail of Salmo salar HMGB1 based on the structural knowledge of the TLR5 surface using global molecular docking platforms. Peptide binding poses complexed on TLR5 ectodomain model from each algorithm were filtrated based on docking scoring functions and predicted theoretical binding affinity of the complex. Circular dichroism spectra were recorded for each peptide selected for synthesis. Only intrinsically disordered peptides (6W, 11W, and SsOri) were selected for experimental functional assay. The functional characterization of the peptides was performed by NF-κB activation assays, RT-qPCR gene expression assays, and Piscirickettsia salmonis challenge in SHK-1 cells. The 6W and 11W peptides increased the nuclear translation of p65 and phosphorylation. In addition, the peptides induced the expression of genes related to the TLR5 pathway activation, pro- and anti-inflammatory response, and differentiation and activation of T lymphocytes towards phenotypes such as TH1, TH17, and TH2. Finally, it was shown that the 11W peptide protects immune cells against infection with P. salmonis bacteria. Overall, the results indicate the usefulness of novel peptides as potential immunostimulants in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleikar Vásquez-Suárez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Flores
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Leonardo Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Francisco Roa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carolina Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alex Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Instituto de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Centro FONDAP, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Natalie Parra
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Macaya
- Departamento de Físico-Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Iván González-Chavarría
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Allisson Astuya
- Laboratorio de Genómica Marina y Cultivo Celular, Departamento de Oceanografía y COPAS Sur-Austral, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - María Francisca Starck
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Milton F Villegas
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Niza Agurto
- Laboratorio de Piscicultura y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raquel Montesino
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Oliberto Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biofármacos Recombinantes, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Ariel Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Piscicultura y Patología Acuática, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge R Toledo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| | - Jannel Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Biofármacos, Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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6
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Liao Z, Ji W, Yang C, Su J. TLR5M and TLR5S Synergistically Sense Flagellin in Early Endosome in Lamprey Petromyzon marinus, Switched by the N-Glycosylation Site N239. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:855-867. [PMID: 38231121 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, TLR5 functions as a homodimer to recognize bacterial flagellin on the cytomembrane. The current investigations reveal the existence of two types of TLR5, a membrane-bound PmTLR5M, and a soluble variant PmTLR5S, in lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). Although both PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S can bind flagellin, only PmTLR5M is capable of eliciting a proinflammatory response, whereas PmTLR5S can detect the flagellin and facilitate the role of PmTLR5M in early endosomes. The trafficking chaperone UNC93B1 enhances the ligand-induced signaling via PmTLR5M or the combination of PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S. PmTLR5M recruits MyD88 as an adaptor. Furthermore, chimeric receptor studies demonstrate the indispensability of the intradomain of PmTLR5M in effective activation of the proinflammatory pathway upon flagellin stimulation, and the combination of PmTLR5S with a singular intradomain in both homodimer and heterodimer ectodomain arrangements can very significantly augment the immune response. Furthermore, the flagellin binding sites between PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S are conserved, which are essential for ligand binding and signal transduction. Moreover, investigations on N-linked glycosylation modifications reveal that the N239 site in PmTLR5M and PmTLR5S plays a switch role in both flagellin binding and immune responses. In addition, PmTLR5M exhibits the high-mannose-type and complex-type N-glycosylation modifications; however, PmTLR5S shows exclusive complex-type N-glycosylation modification. The key N239 site demonstrates complex-type N-glycosylation modification. The findings address the function and mechanism of TLR5 in ligand recognition, subcellular localization, and signaling pathway in lowest vertebrate and immune system transition species, highlight the regulatory role of N-glycosylation modification in TLRs, and augment immune evolutionary research on the TLR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Pan JM, Liang Y, Zhu KC, Guo HY, Liu BS, Zhang N, Zhang DC. Identification of the NOD-like receptor family of golden pompano and expression in response to bacterial and parasitic exposure reveal its key role in innate immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:105123. [PMID: 38135022 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This study presents a genome-wide identification of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) in the golden pompano, key to its innate immunity. We identified 30 ToNLRs, analyzing their chromosomal positions, characteristics, evolutionary relationships, evidence of positive selection, and synteny with the yellowtail kingfish. Our findings categorize these NLRs into three main subgroups: NLRA, NLRC, and the distinct ToNLRX1. Post-exposure to Streptococcus agalactiae, most ToNLRs increased expression in the spleen, whereas NLRC3like13, NLRC3like16, and NLRC3like19 so in the kidneys. Upon Cryptocaryon irritans exposure, we categorized our groups based on the site of infection into the control group (BFS), the trophont-attached skin (TAS), and the nearby region skin (NRS). ToAPAF1 and ToNOD1 expressions rose in the NRS, in contrast to decreased expressions of ToNLRC5, ToNWD1 and ToCIITA. Other ToNLRs showed variable expressions in the TAS. Overall, this research lays the groundwork for further exploration of innate immunity in the golden pompano.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Min Pan
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yu Liang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ke-Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Hua-Yang Guo
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Bao-Suo Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Dian-Chang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China; Sanya Tropical Fisheries Research Institute, Sanya, 572018, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Engineer Technology Research Center of Marine Biological Seed Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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8
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Mahapatra S, Ganguly B, Pani S, Saha A, Samanta M. A comprehensive review on the dynamic role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in frontier aquaculture research and as a promising avenue for fish disease management. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126541. [PMID: 37648127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a conserved group of germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and play a crucial role in inducing the broadly acting innate immune response against pathogens. In recent years, the detection of 21 different TLR types in various fish species has sparked interest in exploring the potential of TLRs as targets for boosting immunity and disease resistance in fish. This comprehensive review offers the latest insights into the diverse facets of fish TLRs, highlighting their history, classification, architectural insights through 3D modelling, ligands recognition, signalling pathways, crosstalk, and expression patterns at various developmental stages. It provides an exhaustive account of the distinct TLRs induced during the invasion of specific pathogens in various fish species and delves into the disparities between fish TLRs and their mammalian counterparts, highlighting the specific contribution of TLRs to the immune response in fish. Although various facets of TLRs in some fish, shellfish, and molluscs have been described, the role of TLRs in several other aquatic organisms still remained as potential gaps. Overall, this article outlines frontier aquaculture research in advancing the knowledge of fish immune systems for the proper management of piscine maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smruti Mahapatra
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Bristy Ganguly
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Saswati Pani
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Ashis Saha
- Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology Laboratory, Fish Nutrition and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India
| | - Mrinal Samanta
- Immunology Laboratory, Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar 751002, Odisha, India.
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9
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Jiang R, Zhu W, Liao Z, Yang C, Su J. TLR7 neo-functionalizes to sense dsRNA and trigger antiviral and antibacterial immunity in non-tetrapod vertebrates. iScience 2023; 26:108315. [PMID: 38025781 PMCID: PMC10679900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TLR7 plays a crucial role in sensing viral ssRNA and initiating immune responses. Piscine TLR7 also responds to dsRNA challenge. dsRNA exists in almost all the viruses at specific stages. However, the mechanism on sensing dsRNA by TLR7 remains unknown. In the present study, we employed Ctenopharyngodon idella TLR7 (CiTLR7) to systematically explore the immune functions and mechanisms in teleost. CiTLR7 can directly bind not only ssRNA but also dsRNA at different patches in lysosome, recruit MyD88 as adaptor, and activate the downstream IFN pathway via SLC15A4/TASLa/TASLb/IRF5/IRF7 complex for antiviral and antibacterial infections and AP-1 pathway for pro-inflammatory cytokines. The key binding sites for dsRNA are L29 and L811 in CiTLR7. Further, we found that the function on recognizing dsRNA by TLR7 emerges in pisciformes and loses in tetrapods in evolution. This is the first report on sensing both ssRNA and dsRNA by a TLR member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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10
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Yang L, Wang ZA, Gan Y, Zuo H, Deng H, Weng S, He J, Xu X. Basigin binds bacteria and activates Dorsal signaling to promote antibacterial defense in Penaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109123. [PMID: 37813154 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The NF-κB pathway plays an important role in immune regulation. Basigin, an immunoglobulin superfamily membrane protein, is involved in the activation of NF-κB. However, its role in NF-κB signaling in response to pathogen infection remains unclear. In this study, we identified the Basigin gene from Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, a representative species for studying the innate immune system of invertebrates. Basigin promoted the degradation of the IκB homolog Cactus, facilitated the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB family member Dorsal, and positively regulated the expression of Dorsal pathway downstream antimicrobial peptide genes. Interestingly, recombinant Basigin protein could bind a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Silencing of Basigin inhibited the Dorsal signaling activated by V. parahaemolyticus infection and significantly decreased the survival rate of V. parahaemolyticus-infected shrimp. The expression levels of the antimicrobial peptides ALF1 and ALF2 were downregulated, and the phagocytosis of hemocytes was attenuated in Basigin-silenced shrimp. Similar results were observed in shrimp treated with a recombinant extracellular region of the Basigin protein that was able to compete with endogenous Basigin. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate the function of Basigin as a pathogen recognition receptor that activates NF-κB signaling for antibacterial immunity in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zi-Ang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yushi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hengwei Deng
- School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaoping Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianguo He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, PR China; Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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11
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Kong W, Ding G, Yang P, Li Y, Cheng G, Cai C, Xiao J, Feng H, Xu Z. Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Potential Differential Mechanisms of Grass Carp Reovirus Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15501. [PMID: 37958486 PMCID: PMC10649309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), one of the most serious pathogens threatening grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), can lead to grass carp hemorrhagic disease (GCHD). Currently, GCRV can be divided into three genotypes, but the comparison of their pathogenic mechanisms and the host responses remain unclear. In this study, we utilized the Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) model infected with GCRV to conduct comparative studies on the three genotypes. We observed a cytopathic effect (CPE) in the GCRV-I and GCRV-III groups, whereas the GCRV-II group did not show any CPE. Moreover, a consistent trend in the mRNA expression levels of antiviral-related genes across all experimental groups of CIK cells was detected via qPCR and further explored through RNA-seq analysis. Importantly, GO/KEGG enrichment analysis showed that GCRV-I, -II, and -III could all activate the immune response in CIK cells, but GCRV-II induced more intense immune responses. Intriguingly, transcriptomic analysis revealed a widespread down-regulation of metabolism processes such as steroid biosynthesis, butanoate metabolism, and N-Glycan biosynthesis in infected CIK cells. Overall, our results reveal the CIK cells showed unique responses in immunity and metabolism in the three genotypes of GCRV infection. These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the pathogenesis and prevention and control methods of GCRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Kong
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (W.K.); (G.D.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Guangyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (W.K.); (G.D.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (W.K.); (G.D.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Yuqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (W.K.); (G.D.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Gaofeng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (W.K.); (G.D.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Chang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (W.K.); (G.D.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Jun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (H.F.)
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (J.X.); (H.F.)
| | - Zhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (W.K.); (G.D.); (P.Y.); (Y.L.); (G.C.); (C.C.)
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12
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Nguyen TP, Nguyen BT, Dao TNL, Ho TH, Lee PT. Investigation of the functional role of UNC93B1 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): mRNA expression, subcellular localization, and physical interaction with fish-specific TLRs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:108902. [PMID: 37330026 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the major food fish worldwide. The farming business, on the other hand, has faced considerable obstacles, such as disease infestations. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important function in the activation of the innate immune system in response to infections. Unc-93 homolog B1 (UNC93B1) is a key regulator of nucleic acid (NA)-sensing TLRs. Here the UNC93B1 gene, which was cloned from Nile tilapia tissue for this investigation, had the same genetic structure as a homologous gene in humans and mice. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Nile tilapia UNC93B1 clustered with UNC93B1 from other species and separately from the UNC93A clade. The gene structure of the Nile tilapia UNC93B1 was found to be identical to that of human UNC93B1. Our gene expression studies revealed that Nile tilapia UNC93B1 was highly expressed in the spleen, followed by other immune-related tissues such as the head kidney, gills, and intestine. Moreover, Nile tilapia UNC93B1 mRNA transcripts were up-regulated in vivo in the head kidney and spleen tissues from poly I:C and Streptococcus agalactiae injected Nile tilapia, as well as in vitro in LPS stimulated Tilapia head kidney (THK) cells. The Nile tilapia UNC93B1-GFP protein signal was detected in the cytosol of THK cells and was co-localized with endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome but not with mitochondria. Moreover, the results of a co-immunoprecipitation and immunostaining analysis showed that Nile tilapia UNC93B1 can be pulled down with fish-specific TLRs such as TLR18 and TLR25 from Nile tilapia, and was found to be co-localized with these fish-specific TLRs in the THK cells. Overall, our findings highlight the potential role of UNC93B1 as an accessory protein in fish-specific TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Bao Trung Nguyen
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Linh Dao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Thi Hang Ho
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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13
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Tang S, Xu X, Yu D, Long M, Xia H, Lu Y, Gan Z. Evolutionary and functional conservation of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) in amphibian Xenopus tropicalis. Gene 2023; 865:147332. [PMID: 36871675 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
As a universal adaptor used by most TLR members, the myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) plays essential roles in TLR-mediated inflammatory response of invertebrate and vertebrate animals, and functional features of MyD88 remain largely unknown in amphibians. In this study, a MyD88 gene named Xt-MyD88 was characterized in the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis). Xt-MyD88 and MyD88 in other species of vertebrates share similar structural characteristics, genomic structures, and flanking genes, suggesting that MyD88 is structurally conserved in different phyla of vertebrates ranging from fish to mammals. Moreover, Xt-MyD88 was widely expressed in different organs/tissues, and was induced by poly(I:C) in spleen, kidney, and liver. Importantly, overexpression of Xt-MyD88 triggered a marked activation of both NF-κB promoter and interferon-stimulated response elements (ISREs), implying that it may be play important roles in inflammatory responses of amphibians. The research represents the first characterization on the immune functions of amphibian MyD88, and reveals considerable functional conservation of MyD88 in early tetrapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xinlan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, and Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Meng Long
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hongli Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, and Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Zhen Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen 518120, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, and Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
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14
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Grass Carp Reovirus Induces Formation of Lipid Droplets as Sites for Its Replication and Assembly. mBio 2022; 13:e0229722. [PMID: 36445081 PMCID: PMC9765412 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02297-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp is an important commercial fish in China that is plagued by various diseases, especially the hemorrhagic disease induced by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Nevertheless, the mechanism by which GCRV hijacks the host metabolism to complete its life cycle is unclear. In this study, we performed lipidomic analysis of grass carp liver samples collected before and after GCRV infection. GCRV infection altered host lipid metabolism and increased de novo fatty acid synthesis. Increased de novo fatty acid synthesis induced accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs). LDs are associated with GCRV viroplasms, as well as viral proteins and double-stranded RNA. Pharmacological inhibition of LD formation led to the disappearance of viroplasms, accompanied by decreased viral replication capacity. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy revealed LDs in close association with the viroplasms and mounted GCRV particles. Collectively, these data suggest that LDs are essential for viroplasm formation and are sites for GCRV replication and assembly. Our results revealed the detailed molecular events of GCRV hijacking host lipid metabolism to benefit its replication and assembly, which may provide new perspective for the prevention and control of GCRV. IMPORTANCE Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most virulent pathogen in the genus Aquareovirus, which belongs to the family Reoviridae. GCRV-induced hemorrhagic disease is a major threat to the grass carp aquaculture industry. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that require host cell machinery to complete their life cycle; the mechanism by which GCRV hijacks the host metabolism to benefit viral replication and assembly remains unclear. Our study demonstrated that GCRV infection alters host lipid metabolism and increases de novo fatty acid synthesis. The increased de novo fatty acid synthesis induced accumulation of LDs, which act as sites or scaffolds for GCRV replication and assembly. Our findings illustrate a typical example of how the virus hijacks cellular organelles for replication and assembly and hence may provide new insights for the prevention and control of GCRV.
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15
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He L, Liang X, Wang Q, Yang C, Li Y, Liao L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Genome-wide DNA methylation reveals potential epigenetic mechanism of age-dependent viral susceptibility in grass carp. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:28. [PMID: 35655223 PMCID: PMC9161582 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Grass carp are an important farmed fish in China that are infected by many pathogens, especially grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Notably, grass carp showed age-dependent susceptibility to GCRV; that is, grass carp not older than one year were sensitive to GCRV, while those over three years old were resistant to this virus. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, whole genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression variations between susceptible five-month-old (FMO) and resistant three-year-old (TYO) grass carp were investigated aiming to uncover potential epigenetic mechanisms. Results Colorimetric quantification revealed that the global methylation level in TYO fish was higher than that in FMO fish. Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) of the two groups revealed 6214 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 4052 differentially methylated genes (DMGs), with most DMRs and DMGs showing hypermethylation patterns in TYO fish. Correlation analysis revealed that DNA hypomethylation in promoter regions and DNA hypermethylation in gene body regions were associated with gene expression. Enrichment analysis revealed that promoter hypo-DMGs in TYO fish were significantly enriched in typical immune response pathways, whereas gene body hyper-DMGs in TYO fish were significantly enriched in terms related to RNA transcription, biosynthesis, and energy production. RNA-seq analysis of the corresponding samples indicated that most of the genes in the above terms were upregulated in TYO fish. Moreover, gene function analysis revealed that the two genes involved in energy metabolism displayed antiviral effects. Conclusions Collectively, these results revealed genome-wide variations in DNA methylation between grass carp of different ages. DNA methylation and gene expression variations in genes involved in immune response, biosynthesis, and energy production may contribute to age-dependent susceptibility to GCRV in grass carp. Our results provide important information for disease-resistant breeding programs for grass carp and may also benefit research on age-dependent diseases in humans. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-022-00285-w.
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16
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Sun RH, Chen KW, Wang Q, Huang ZY, Wang BC, Shi ZC, Ji W. Blood brain barrier permeability and immune function of brain in rainbow trout responding to IHNV infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104482. [PMID: 35760220 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) is often associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Mammals have developed complicated and efficient immune strategies to protect the BBB. However, the immune defense of brain and BBB permeability changes are not well-understood in teleost during virus invading. In this study, we constructed an infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) immersion infected rainbow trout model. After IHNV infection, pathological changes occurred in the brain, and MPO and ROS activities were significantly increased. In addition, the expression levels of BBB permeability-related genes were also changed. Transcriptome analysis showed that immune-related genes and signaling pathways in the brain were activated after IHNV infection. These results showed that the permeability of BBB increased significantly after IHNV infection, thus activating immune related factors and cells to enter the CNS through blood circulation to resist pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Han Sun
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kai-Wei Chen
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bing-Chao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ze-Chao Shi
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicines, College of Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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17
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Liao Z, Yang C, Jiang R, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Su J. Cyprinid-specific duplicated membrane TLR5 senses dsRNA as functional homodimeric receptors. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e54281. [PMID: 35678424 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202154281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-embedded Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) functions as a homodimer to detect bacterial flagellin. Cyprinid grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) encodes two TLR5 genes, CiTLR5a and CiTLR5b. Here, we show that cyprinid TLR5a and TLR5b homodimers unexpectedly bind the dsRNA analog poly(I:C) and regulate interferon (IFN) response in early endosomes and lysosomes. Although TLR5 homodimers also bind flagellin, an immune response to flagellin is only triggered by TLR5a/b heterodimer. Moreover, we demonstrate that two TLR5 paralogs have opposite effects on antiviral response: CiTLR5a slightly promotes and powerfully maintains, whereas CiTLR5b remarkably inhibits virus replication. We show that the ectodomain of CiTLR5 is required for dsRNA-induced IFN signaling, and we map the key poly(I:C) binding sites to G240 for CiTLR5a and to N547 for CiTLR5b. Furthermore, we reveal that differential N-glycosylation of CiTLR5a/b affects dsRNA-IFN signaling but has no role in flagellin-mediated NF-κB induction, with paralog-specific roles for CiTLR5a-T101 and corresponding CiTLR5b-I99. Moreover, we provide evidence that the ability to sense dsRNA represents a neofunctionalization specific for membrane-bound TLR5 in cyprinid, bridging viral and bacterial immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Trung NB, Nguyen TP, Hsueh HY, Loh JY, Wangkahart E, Wong ASF, Lee PT. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1 is a negative regulator in the anti-bacterial immune responses in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Front Immunol 2022; 13:940877. [PMID: 35928810 PMCID: PMC9344004 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most important food fish in the world. However, the farming industry has encountered significant challenges, such as pathogen infections. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the initiation of the innate immune system against pathogens. Sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing protein 1 (SARM1) is one of the most evolutionarily conserved TLR adaptors, and its orthologs are present in various species from worms to humans. SARM1 plays an important role in negatively regulating TIR domain-containing adaptor proteins inducing IFNβ (TRIF)-dependent TLR signaling in mammals, but its immune function remains poorly understood in fish. In this study, O. niloticus SARM1 (OnSARM1) was cloned and its evolutionary status was verified using bioinformatic analyses. mRNA expression of OnSARM1 was found at a higher level in the trunk kidney and muscle in healthy fish. The examination of its subcellular location showed that the OnSARM1 was detected only in the cytoplasm of THK cells, and colocalized with OnMyD88, OnTRIF and OnTRIF in small speckle-like condensed granules. The transcript levels of OnMyD88, OnTIRAP, OnTRIF, and downstream effectors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-12b and type I interferon (IFN)d2.13, were regulated conversely to the expression of OnSARM1 in the head kidney from Aeromonas hydrophila and Streptococcus agalactiae infected fish. Moreover, the treatment of THK cells with lysates from A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae enhanced the activity of the NF-κB promoter, but the effects were inhibited in the OnSARM1 overexpressed THK cells. Overexpression of OnSARM1 alone did not activate the NF-κB-luciferase reporter, but it suppressed OnMyD88- and OnTIRAP-mediated NF-κB promoter activity. Additionally, OnSARM1 inhibited the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines and hepcidin in A. hydrophila lysate stimulated THK cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that OnSARM1 serves as a negative regulator by inhibiting NF-κB activity, thereby influencing the transcript level of proinflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides in the antibacterial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Bao Trung
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tan-Phat Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yun Hsueh
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yan Loh
- Centre of Research for Advanced Aquaculture (CORAA), UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Laboratory of Fish Immunology and Nutrigenomics, Applied Animal and Aquatic Sciences Research Unit, Division of Fisheries, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Alice Sui Fung Wong
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Po-Tsang Lee,
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Chen Y, Li Y, Li PT, Luo ZH, Zhang ZP, Wang YL, Zou PF. Novel Findings in Teleost TRAF4, a Protein Acts as an Enhancer in TRIF and TRAF6 Mediated Antiviral and Inflammatory Signaling. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944528. [PMID: 35898509 PMCID: PMC9310645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) are important adaptor molecules that play important roles in host immune regulation and inflammatory responses. Compared to other members of TRAFs, the function of TRAF4 in vertebrate immunity remains unclear, especially in teleosts. In the present study, TRAF4 ortholog was cloned and identified in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), named as Lc-TRAF4. The open reading frame (ORF) of Lc-TRAF4 is 1,413 bp and encodes a protein of 470 amino acids (aa), which is consisted of a RING finger domain, two zinc finger domains, and a MATH domain. The genome organization of Lc-TRAF4 is conserved in teleosts, amphibians, birds, and mammals, with 7 exons and 6 introns. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Lc-TRAF4 was broadly distributed in various organs/tissues of healthy large yellow croakers and could be significantly up-regulated in the gill, intestine, spleen, head kidney, and blood under poly I:C, LPS, PGN, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida stimulations. Notably, luciferase assays showed that overexpression of Lc-TRAF4 could significantly induce the activation of IRF3, IRF7, and type I IFN promoters, with the RING finger and zinc finger domains function importantly in such promoter activation. Confocal microscopy revealed that Lc-TRAF4 is located in the cytoplasm, whereas the deletion of the RING finger, zinc finger or MATH domain showed little effect on the subcellular localization of Lc-TRAF4. Interestingly, Lc-TRAF4 overexpression could significantly enhance Lc-TRIF and Lc-TRAF6 medicated IRF3 and IRF7 promoter activation. In addition, co-expression of Lc-TRAF4 with Lc-TRIF or Lc-TRAF6 could significantly induce the expression of antiviral and inflammation-related genes, including IRF3, IRF7, ISG15, ISG56, Mx, RSAD2, TNF-α, and IL-1β compared to the only overexpression of Lc-TRAF4, Lc-TRIF or Lc-TRAF6. These results collectively imply that Lc-TRAF4 functions as an enhancer in Lc-TRIF and Lc-TRAF6 mediated antiviral and inflammatory signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Peng Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zi Hao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zi Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
- College of Marine Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Lei Wang, ; Peng Fei Zou,
| | - Peng Fei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ornamental Aquarium Engineering Research Centre in University of Fujian Province, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Lei Wang, ; Peng Fei Zou,
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20
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Nguyen TP, Nguyen BT, Nan FH, Lee MC, Lee PT. TLR23, a fish-specific TLR, recruits MyD88 and TRIF to activate expression of a range of effectors in melanomacrophages in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:34-46. [PMID: 35598740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important food fish species that is mainly cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries. However, microbial diseases have created various difficulties for this industry. The fundamental prerequisite for tackling disease outbreak prevention and disease resistance is to know how hosts' immune responses against invading microbes are initiated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are vital pattern recognition receptors and play pivotal roles in the cellular innate immunity defense that is able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In this study, Oreochromis niloticus TLR23 (OnTLR23) was cloned and bioinformatic analyses revealed that OnTLR23 is not an ortholog of mammalian TLR13 as previously suggested. The basal transcript level of OnTLR23 was found to be higher in the immune-related organs and was upregulated in the spleen and/or head kidney following Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus agalactiae or poly I:C injections, and increased in the melanomacrophage-like tilapia head kidney (THK) cell line after LPS and zymosan stimulation. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that OnTLR23 locates mainly in the intracellular region in fish cells and the constitutively active form of OnTLR23 promotes the expression of molecules related to antigen presentation, proinflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides and type I interferon in THK cells. A co-immunoprecipitation assay revealed that OnTLR23 can interact with both OnMyD88 and OnTRIF, but not with OnTIRAP. A luciferase assay showed that the NF-κB activity was not elevated in the OnTLR23 overexpressed THK cells after treatment with ligand for TLR13 as well as other known purified bacterial-derived ligands of TLRs. Taken together, OnTLR23 is likely to recruit OnMyD88 and OnTRIF as adaptors to induce the expression of various effectors in melanomacrophages, but its corresponding ligand is an issue awaiting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Phat Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Bao Trung Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
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21
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Liu R, Qi Y, Feng H, Niu Y, Zhang F, Yang G, Shan S. Fish-specific Toll-like receptor 14 (TLR14) from Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) is involved in immune response to bacterial infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:313-323. [PMID: 35421574 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play a critical role in innate immune responses against pathogens. In the present study, a fish-specific TLR14 was identified and characterized from Monopterus albus (named MaTLR14), which consisted of a 2658 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 885 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaTLR14 belong to the TLR1 subfamily and shared the highest similarity to Paralichthys olivaceus TLR14. Immunohistochemistry assay showed that MaTLR14 mainly located in intestinal epithelial cells of hindgut. Immunofluorescence revealed that MaTLR14 largely localized to the intracellular region and partially co-localized with cell membrane of HeLa cells. The expression levels of MaTLR14 were upregulated in the liver, spleen, foregut and hindgut post infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. When stimulated with LPS and Flagellin, the MaTLR14 expression was elevated in isolated peripheral blood leukocytes. Further studies showed that recombinant MaTLR14-LRR could bind to both the gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and cause agglutination. Subsequently, the signaling pathway of MaTLR14 was investigated. Confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that MaTLR14 recruited MyD88 as adaptor. When overexpressed, MaTLR14 augmented the expression of TRAF6 and phosphorylation of ERK and p65, activated NF-κB and AP-1 and elicited the expression of il-6 and tnf-α. Collectively, MaTLR14 plays an important role in the microorganism recognition and signaling transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hanxiao Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fumiao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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22
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TLR2-mediated mucosal immune priming boosts anti-rhabdoviral immunity in early vertebrates. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Chen SY, Zhan XL, Jiang R, Dai YW, Lu JF, Yang GJ, Chen J, Lu XJ. Matrix metalloproteinase-25 from Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) is involved in pro-inflammatory responses. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:104348. [PMID: 35026231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are highly expressed in leukocytes and macrophages, which play a role in the innate immune response. Here, the cDNA sequence of MMP25 from Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus) (LjMMP25) was identified. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LjMMP25 was most closely related to large yellow croaker MMP25. Multiple sequence alignment of LjMMP25 with MMP25 sequences from other teleosts revealed that regions of known functional importance were highly conserved. Expression analysis revealed that LjMMP25 was highly expressed in the head kidney and widely expressed in other tissues including gill, spleen, and liver. LjMMP25 was found to regulate inflammatory cytokine production and promote phagocytosis and bacterial killing in monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ). Furthermore, LjMMP25 regulated the inflammatory response by modulating NF-κB signaling. These findings reveal new information about the role of LjMMP25 in regulating pro-inflammatory responses in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Department of Physiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Department of Physiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Department of Physiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - You-Wu Dai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Department of Physiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Fei Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Department of Physiology, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China.
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24
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Zhang L, Liu G, Xia T, Yang X, Sun G, Zhao C, Xu C, Zhang H. Evolution of toll-like receptor gene family in amphibians. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:463-474. [PMID: 35337917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary position and lifestyle of amphibians highlights the important roles of the immune system in adaptive radiation and their adaptation to a complex pathogenic environment. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are membrane-like sensors that recognize and bind conserved molecular motifs in pathogens to initiate downstream immune responses. To understand the evolutionary patterns of TLRs in amphibians, we analyzed TLR genes from the genomes and transcriptomes of 102 amphibian species. Phylogenetic results showed that 578 intact amphibian TLR sequences belonged to 16 TLR genes and were divided into seven subfamilies. The TLR4 subfamily was only identified in the Anura. Purification selection plays a leading role in amphibian TLR evolution and mean ω (dN/dS) values ranged from 0.252 for TLR7 to 0.381 for TLR19. Furthermore, the ω values of different domains were significantly different. We found positive selection patterns for 141 of 12,690 codons (1.1%) in all amphibian TLRs, most of which were located in leucine-rich repeats (LRRs). We also observed low to moderate levels of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in Pelophylax nigromaculatus and Bombina orientalis. This study provided critical primers, meaningful information regarding TLR gene family evolution in amphibians, and insights into the complex evolutionary patterns and implications of TLR polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Guangshuai Liu
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Tian Xia
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Xiufeng Yang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Guolei Sun
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Chunzhu Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong 273165, China.
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25
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Zou PF, Li KQ, Li Y, Shen YJ, Zhang ZP, Wang YL. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of RIP1 in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 122:386-398. [PMID: 35181446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) plays important roles not only in cell-death pathways but also in host innate immune responses. In the present study, a RIP1 ortholog named Lc-RIP1 was cloned and characterized in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame (ORF) of Lc-RIP1 is 2,046 bp, encoding a protein of 681 amino acids (aa), with an N-terminal kinase domain, an RHIM domain, and a C-terminal death domain. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that Lc-RIP1 was a cytosolic protein, which was broadly expressed in examined tissues/organs, and could be up-regulated under poly I:C, LPS, PGN, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida stimulation in vivo based on qRT-PCR analysis. Notably, Lc-RIP1 could induce NF-κB, but not IRF3, IRF7 or type I IFN promoter activation. In addition, Lc-RIP1 overexpression could enhance Lc-MAVS, Lc-TRAF3, and Lc-TRAF6 mediated NF-κB promoter activation, and also Lc-TRIF and Lc-MAVS mediated IRF3 promoter activation, whereas suppress Lc-TRIF mediated NF-κB and type I IFN promoter activation, as well as Lc-TRAF3 and Lc-IRF3 mediated IRF3 promoter activation, Lc-IRF3 mediated type I IFN promoter activation and Lc-IRF7 mediated IRF7 promoter activation. These results collectively indicated that Lc-RIP1 function importantly in regulation of host innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Fei Zou
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China.
| | - Kai Qing Li
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Estuarine Ecological Security and Environmental Health, Tan Kah Kee College, Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, 363105, China.
| | - Ying Jia Shen
- College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361102, China
| | - Zi Ping Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian Province, 352103, China
| | - Yi Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021, China; State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, Fujian Province, 352103, China
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26
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Sousa C, Fernandes SA, Cardoso JCR, Wang Y, Zhai W, Guerreiro PM, Chen L, Canário AVM, Power DM. Toll-Like Receptor Evolution: Does Temperature Matter? Front Immunol 2022; 13:812890. [PMID: 35237266 PMCID: PMC8882821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.812890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and are an ancient and well-conserved group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The isolation of the Antarctic continent and its unique teleost fish and microbiota prompted the present investigation into Tlr evolution. Gene homologues of tlr members in teleosts from temperate regions were present in the genome of Antarctic Nototheniidae and the non-Antarctic sister lineage Bovichtidae. Overall, in Nototheniidae apart from D. mawsoni, no major tlr gene family expansion or contraction occurred. Instead, lineage and species-specific changes in the ectodomain and LRR of Tlrs occurred, particularly in the Tlr11 superfamily that is well represented in fish. Positive selective pressure and associated sequence modifications in the TLR ectodomain and within the leucine-rich repeats (LRR), important for pathogen recognition, occurred in Tlr5, Tlr8, Tlr13, Tlr21, Tlr22, and Tlr23 presumably associated with the unique Antarctic microbiota. Exposure to lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli O111:B4) Gram negative bacteria did not modify tlr gene expression in N. rossii head–kidney or anterior intestine, although increased water temperature (+4°C) had a significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cármen Sousa
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - João C. R. Cardoso
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ying Wang
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University (SHOU), Shanghai, China
| | - Wanying Zhai
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University (SHOU), Shanghai, China
| | - Pedro M. Guerreiro
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University (SHOU), Shanghai, China
| | - Adelino V. M. Canário
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University (SHOU), Shanghai, China
| | - Deborah M. Power
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University (SHOU), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Deborah M. Power,
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27
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Zhang J, Man Wu X, Fang Q, Bi YH, Nie P, Chang MX. Grass Carp Reovirus Nonstructural Proteins Avoid Host Antiviral Immune Response by Targeting the RLR Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:707-719. [PMID: 35022273 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a highly virulent RNA virus that mainly infects grass carp and causes hemorrhagic disease. The roles of nonstructural proteins NS38 and NS80 of GCRV-873 in the viral replication cycle and viral inclusion bodies have been established. However, the strategies that NS38 and NS80 used to avoid host antiviral immune response are still unknown. In this study, we report the negative regulations of NS38 and NS80 on the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) antiviral signaling pathway and the production of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes. First, both in the case of overexpression and GCRV infection, NS38 and NS80 inhibited the IFN promoter activation induced by RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, TBK1, IRF3, and IRF7 and mRNA abundance of key antiviral genes involved in the RLR-mediated signaling. Second, both in the case of overexpression and GCRV infection, NS38 interacted with piscine TBK1 and IRF3, but not with piscine RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, and TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF) 3. Whereas NS80 interacted with piscine MAVS, TRAF3, and TBK1, but not with piscine RIG-I, MDA5, and IRF3. Finally, both in the case of overexpression and GCRV infection, NS38 inhibited the formation of the TBK1-IRF3 complex, but NS80 inhibited the formation of the TBK1-TRAF3 complex. Most importantly, NS38 and NS80 could hijack piscine TBK1 and IRF3 into the cytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies and inhibit the translocation of IRF3 into the nucleus. Collectively, all of these data demonstrate that GCRV nonstructural proteins can avoid host antiviral immune response by targeting the RLR signaling pathway, which prevents IFN-stimulated gene production and facilitates GCRV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao Man Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Hong Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; .,Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; and.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sun ZC, Jiang Z, Xu X, Li M, Zeng Q, Zhu Y, Wang S, Li Y, Tian XL, Hu C. Fish Paralog Proteins RNASEK-a and -b Enhance Type I Interferon Secretion and Promote Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:762162. [PMID: 34880860 PMCID: PMC8645942 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.762162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferon and apoptosis elicit multifaceted effects on host defense and various diseases, such as viral infections and cancers. However, the gene/protein network regulating type I interferon and apoptosis has not been elucidated completely. In this study, we selected grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) as an experimental model to investigate the modulation of RNASEK on the secretion of type I interferon and apoptosis. We first cloned two paralogs RNASEK-a and -b in grass carp, defined three exons in each gene, and found the length of both coding regions is 306 bp with 73.27% of protein homology. The protein sequences of the two paralogs are highly conserved across species. Two proteins were mainly localized in early and late endosomes and endoplasmic reticulum. Further, quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that dsRNA poly I:C and grass carp reovirus upregulated RNASEK-a and -b in grass carp cells and tissues. Overexpression of RNASEK-a and -b individually induced type I interferon expression and the phosphorylation of IRF3/IRF7 shown by Western blot and immunofluorescent staining, increased Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio, DNA fragmentations, TUNEL-positive cells, and the proportion of Annexin V-positive signals in flow cytometry, and activated eIF2α, opposite to that observed when RNASEK-a and -b were knocked down in multiple cell types. Taken together, we claim for the first time that fish paralog proteins RNASEK-a and -b enhance type I interferon secretion and promote apoptosis, which may be involved in the phosphorylation of IRF3/IRF7 and eIF2α, respectively. Our study reveals a previously unrecognized role of RNASEK as a new positive regulator of type I interferon and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Sun
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zeyin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaowen Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Zeng
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Blood Transfusion Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Shanghong Wang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Human Aging, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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RIP3 Associates with RIP1, TRIF, MAVS, and Also IRF3/7 in Host Innate Immune Signaling in Large Yellow Croaker Larimichthys crocea. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101199. [PMID: 34680780 PMCID: PMC8533023 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3) has been demonstrated to be a key regulator not only in cell death pathways including apoptosis and necroptosis but also in inflammation and host immune responses. In this study, a RIP3 ortholog named Lc-RIP3 is identified in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). The open reading frame (ORF) of Lc-RIP3 is 1524 bp long and encodes a protein of 507 amino acids (aa). The deduced Lc-RIP3 protein has an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal RHIM domain, and the genome organization of Lc-RIP3 is conserved in teleosts with 12 exons and 11 introns but is different from that in mammals, which comprises 10 exons and 9 introns. Confocal microscopy revealed that Lc-RIP3 is a cytosolic protein. The expression analysis at the mRNA level indicated that Lc-RIP3 is ubiquitously distributed in various tissues/organs, and could be up-regulated under poly I:C, LPS, PGN, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida stimulation in vivo. Notably, Lc-RIP3 could induce NF-κB but not IRF3 activation. In addition, Lc-RIP3 co-expression with Lc-TRIF, Lc-MAVS, or Lc-IRF3 significantly abolishes the activation of NF-κB but enhances the induction of IRF3 activity. Moreover, NF-κB activity could be up-regulated when Lc-RIP3 is co-expressed with Lc-RIP1 or Lc-IRF7. These results collectively indicate that Lc-RIP3 acts as an important regulator in host innate immune signaling in teleosts.
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Liu R, Liu X, Song M, Qi Y, Li H, Yang G, Shan S. Cyprinus carpio TRIF Participates in the Innate Immune Response by Inducing NF-κB and IFN Activation and Promoting Apoptosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:725150. [PMID: 34504499 PMCID: PMC8421551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TRIF, an important adaptor downstream of Toll-like receptor signaling, plays a critical role in the innate immune response. In this study, the full-length coding sequence of TRIF from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) was cloned and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis showed that common carp TRIF exhibited a conserved TIR domain and had the closest relationship with grass carp TRIF. Expression analysis revealed that TRIF was constitutively expressed in the examined tissues of common carp, with the highest expression in the spleen and the lowest expression in the head kidney, and could be upregulated under Aeromonas hydrophila and poly(I:C) stimulation in vivo and under poly(I:C), LPS, PGN, flagellin, and Pam3CSK4 stimulation in vitro. Laser confocal microscopy showed that common carp TRIF colocalized with the Golgi apparatus. A luciferase reporter assay showed that carp TRIF elicited the activity of ifn-1 and nf-κb through the C-terminal domain. Additionally, crystal violet staining and qPCR assays revealed that carp TRIF inhibited the replication of SVCV in epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells. Then, the signaling downstream of carp TRIF was investigated. Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that carp TRIF interacted with TBK1 and augmented the expression of TRAF6 and phosphorylation of TBK1. Overexpression of carp TRIF significantly enhanced the expression of interferon-stimulated genes and inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, flow cytometric (FCM) analysis suggested that carp TRIF induced apoptosis through the activation of caspase-8. In summary, our study indicated that TRIF plays an essential role in the innate immune responses of common carp against bacterial and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meijiao Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hua Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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31
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Liao Z, Su J. Progresses on three pattern recognition receptor families (TLRs, RLRs and NLRs) in teleost. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 122:104131. [PMID: 34022258 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of immune sensors that play crucial roles in detecting and responding to the conserved patterns of microorganisms. To date, many PRRs, such as TLRs, RLRs and NLRs, as well as their downstream molecules have been identified and characterized in teleost, while their ligands and immunoregulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the present review, we described and discussed the main members of TLR/RLR/NLR families, including their expression profiles, signaling transductions and functions in teleost. And some splicing isoforms from TLR/RLR/NLR families were also addressed, which play synergistic and/or antagonistic roles in response to pathogen infections in teleost. TLRs sense different pathogens by forming homodimer and/or heterodimer. Beyond, functions of TLRs can also be affected by migrating. And some endolysosomal TLRs undergo proteolytic cleavage and in a pH-dependent mechanism to attain a mature functional form that mediate ligand recognition and downstream signaling. Until now, more than 80 members in TLR/RLR/NLR families have been identified in teleost, while only TLR5, TLR9, TLR19, TLR21, TLR22, MDA5, LGP2, NOD1 and NOD2 have direct evidence of ligand recognition in teleost. Meanwhile, new ligands as well as signaling pathways do occur during evolution of teleost. This review summarizes progresses on the TLRs/RLRs/NLRs in teleost. We attempt to insight into the ligands recognition and signaling transmission of TLRs/RLRs/NLRs in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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32
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Wang KL, Chen SN, Huo HJ, Nie P. Identification and expression analysis of sixteen Toll-like receptor genes, TLR1, TLR2a, TLR2b, TLR3, TLR5M, TLR5S, TLR7-9, TLR13a-c, TLR14, TLR21-23 in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 121:104100. [PMID: 33862097 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as a family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), possess specific pathogen-related molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition spectrum in inducing immune responses. In this study, sixteen TLRs were identified and characterized in mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi). All these TLRs consist of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a transmembrane domain and a Toll/interleukin-I receptor (TIR) domain, with the exception of TLR5S which lacks TIR domain, and they can be clustered into five branches, i.e. TLR1 subfamily, TLR3 subfamily, TLR5 subfamily, TLR7 subfamily and TLR11 subfamily in phylogenetic tree. These TLR genes were expressed in all tested tissues and had high expression levels in immune-related tissues such as head-kidney and spleen or mucosa-related tissues such as intestine and pyloric caecum. The transcripts of TLR2a, TLR2b, TLR3, TLR13a, TLR14, TLR22 and TLR23 were all significantly up-regulated after stimulation with poly(I:C); TLR1, TLR2a, TLR2b, TLR3, TLR5M, TLR5S, TLR13a and TLR13b transcripts were all significantly up-regulated after stimulation with PGN; and TLR2a, TLR2b, TLR5M, TLR5S, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR13c, TLR14 and TLR22 transcripts were all significantly up-regulated after stimulation with LPS in isolated head kidney lymphocytes of mandarin fish. The findings in this study may provide a valuable basis for functional study on TLR genes in mandarin fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Nan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hui Jun Huo
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
| | - Pin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, And Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430072, China; The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266237, China; School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266109, China.
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Pan J, Zhu M, Liang Z, Shen Z, Dai K, Yan B, Dai Y, Xue R, Cao G, Hu X, Gong C. Proteomic analysis of the exosomes secreted from Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells infected with grass carp reovirus reveals their involvement in the cellular responses to viral infection. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:857-867. [PMID: 33745109 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by various types of cells. Exosomes not only participate in different physiological processes in cells, but also involve in the cellular responses to viral infection. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a non-enveloped virus with segmented, double-stranded RNA genome. Nowadays, the exact role of exosomes in regulating the life cycle of GCRV infection is still unclear. In this study, the exosomes secreted from Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells infected or uninfected with GCRV were isolated, and the differential protein expression profiles were analyzed by proteomic technologies. A total of 1297 proteins were identified in the isolated exosomes. The differentially abundant proteins were further analyzed with functional categories, and numerous important pathways were regulated by exosomes in GCRV-infected CIK cells. These exosomal proteins were estimated to interact with the genes (proteins) of the top 10 most enriched signaling pathways. Furthermore, GW4869 exosome inhibitor suppressed the expression level of VP7 in GCRV-infected cells, suggesting that exosomes play a crucial role in the life cycle of GCRV infection. These findings could shed new lights on understanding the functional roles of exosomes in the cellular responses to GCRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bingyu Yan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Oral Immunization of Larvae and Juvenile of Lumpfish ( Cyclopterus lumpus) against Vibrio anguillarum Does Not Influence Systemic Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9080819. [PMID: 34451944 PMCID: PMC8402551 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9080819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum, a marine bacterial pathogen that causes vibriosis, is a recurrent pathogen of lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus). Lumpfish is utilized as a cleaner fish in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture in the North Atlantic region because of its ability to visualize and prey on the ectoparasite sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) on the skin of Atlantic salmon, and its performance in cold environments. Lumpfish immunity is critical for optimal performance and sea lice removal. Oral vaccine delivery at a young age is the desired method for fish immunization because is easy to use, reduces fish stress during immunization, and can be applied on a large scale while the fish are at a young age. However, the efficacy of orally delivered inactivated vaccines is controversial. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of a V. anguillarum bacterin orally delivered to cultured lumpfish and contrasted it to an intraperitoneal (i.p.) boost delivery. We bio-encapsulated V. anguillarum bacterin in Artemia salina live-feed and orally immunized lumpfish larvae. Vaccine intake and immune response were evaluated by microscopy and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis, respectively. qPCR analyses showed that the oral immunization of lumpfish larvae resulted in a subtle stimulation of canonical immune transcripts such as il8b, il10, igha, ighmc, ighb, ccl19, ccl20, cd8a, cd74, ifng, and lgp2. Nine months after oral immunization, one group was orally boosted, and a second group was both orally and i.p. boosted. Two months after boost immunization, lumpfish were challenged with V. anguillarum (7.8 × 105 CFU dose−1). Orally boosted fish showed a relative percentage of survival (RPS) of 2%. In contrast, the oral and i.p. boosted group showed a RPS of 75.5% (p < 0.0001). V. anguillarum bacterin that had been orally delivered was not effective in lumpfish, which is in contrast to the i.p. delivered bacterin that protected the lumpfish against vibriosis. This suggests that orally administered V. anguillarum bacterin did not reach the deep lymphoid tissues, either in the larvae or juvenile fish, therefore oral immunization was not effective. Oral vaccines that are capable of crossing the epithelium and reach deep lymphoid tissues are required to confer an effective protection to lumpfish against V. anguillarum
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Zhou Z, Cai X, Zhu J, Li Z, Yu G, Liu X, Ouyang G, Xiao W. Zebrafish otud6b Negatively Regulates Antiviral Responses by Suppressing K63-Linked Ubiquitination of irf3 and irf7. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:244-256. [PMID: 34183367 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian tumor domain-containing 6B (OTUD6B) belongs to the OTU deubiquitylating enzyme family. In this study, we report that zebrafish otud6b is induced upon viral infection, and overexpression of otud6b suppresses cellular antiviral response. Disruption of otud6b in zebrafish increases the survival rate upon spring viremia of carp virus and grass carp reovirus exposure. Further assays indicate that otud6b interacts with irf3 and irf7 and diminishes traf6-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of irf3 and irf7. In addition, the OTU domain is required for otud6b to repress IFN-1 activation and K63-linked polyubiquitination of irf3 and irf7. Moreover, otud6b also attenuates tbk1 to bind to irf3 and irf7, resulting in the impairment of irf3 and irf7 phosphorylation. This study provides, to our knowledge, novel insights into otud6b function and sheds new lights on the regulation of irf3 and irf7 by deubiquitination in IFN-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; .,The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; and.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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36
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He L, Zhu D, Liang X, Li Y, Liao L, Yang C, Huang R, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Multi-Omics Sequencing Provides Insights Into Age-Dependent Susceptibility of Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus) to Reovirus. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694965. [PMID: 34220856 PMCID: PMC8247658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) is an important aquaculture species in China that is affected by serious diseases, especially hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Grass carp have previously shown age-dependent susceptibility to GCRV, however, the mechanism by which this occurs remains poorly understood. Therefore, we performed transcriptome and metabolome sequencing on five-month-old (FMO) and three-year-old (TYO) grass carp to identify the potential mechanism. Viral challenge experiments showed that FMO fish were susceptible, whereas TYO fish were resistant to GCRV. RNA-seq showed that the genes involved in immune response, antigen presentation, and phagocytosis were significantly upregulated in TYO fish before the GCRV infection and at the early stage of infection. Metabolome sequencing showed that most metabolites were upregulated in TYO fish and downregulated in FMO fish after virus infection. Intragroup analysis showed that arachidonic acid metabolism was the most significantly upregulated pathway in TYO fish, whereas choline metabolism in cancer and glycerophospholispid metabolism were significantly downregulated in FMO fish after virus infection. Intergroup comparison revealed that metabolites from carbohydrate, amino acid, glycerophospholipid, and nucleotide metabolism were upregulated in TYO fish when compared with FMO fish. Moreover, the significantly differentially expressed metabolites showed antiviral effects both in vivo and in vitro. Based on these results, we concluded that the immune system and host biosynthesis and metabolism, can explain the age-dependent viral susceptibility in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Denghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lanjie Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuoyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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37
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Fan C, Su H, Liao Z, Su J, Yang C, Zhang Y, Su J. Teleost-Specific MxG, a Traitor in the Mx Family, Negatively Regulates Antiviral Responses by Targeting IPS-1 for Proteasomal Degradation and STING for Lysosomal Degradation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:281-295. [PMID: 34135063 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IFN-β promoter stimulator-1 (IPS-1)- and stimulator of IFN genes (STING)-mediated type I IFNs play a critical role in antiviral responses. Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are pivotal components of the antiviral effectors induced by IFNs in many species. An unprecedented expansion of Mx genes has occurred in fish. However, the functions and mechanisms of Mx family members remain largely unknown in fish. In this study, we found that grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) MxG, a teleost-specific Mx protein, is induced by IFNs and viruses, and it negatively regulates both IPS-1- and STING-mediated antiviral responses to facilitate grass carp reovirus, spring viremia of carp virus, and cyprinid herpesvirus-2 replication. MxG binds and degrades IPS-1 via the proteasomal pathway and STING through the lysosomal pathway, thereby negatively regulating IFN1 antiviral responses and NF-κB proinflammatory cytokines. MxG also suppresses the phosphorylation of STING IFN regulatory factor 3/7, and it subsequently downregulates IFN1 and NF-κB1 at the promoter, transcription, and protein levels. GTPase and GTPase effector domains of MxG contribute to the negative regulatory function. On the contrary, MxG knockdown weakens virus replication and cytopathic effect. Therefore, MxG can be an ISG molecule induced by IFNs and viruses, and degrade IPS-1 and STING proteins in a negative feedback manner to maintain homeostasis and avoid excessive immune responses after virus infection. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a negative regulator in the Mx family, and our findings clarify a novel mechanism by which the IFN response is regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Fan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Hang Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Juanjuan Su
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs (Ministry of Education), Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; and
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China; .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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38
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Shan S, Liu R, Feng H, Meng F, Aizaz M, Yang G. Identification and functional characterization of a fish-specific tlr19 in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) that recruits TRIF as an adaptor and induces ifn expression during the immune response. Vet Res 2021; 52:88. [PMID: 34130754 PMCID: PMC8207781 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 19 (Tlr19) is a fish-specific TLR that plays a critical role in innate immunity. In the present study, we aimed to identify tlr19 from common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and explored its expression profile, localization, adaptor, and signaling pathways. A novel tlr19 cDNA sequence (Cctlr19) was identified in common carp. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CcTlr19 was most closely related to Danio rerio Tlr19. Subcellular localization analysis indicates that CcTlr19 was synthesized in the free ribosome and then transported to early endosomes. Cctlr19 was constitutively expressed in all the examined tissues, with the highest expression in the brain. After poly(I:C) and Aeromonas hydrophila injection, the expression of Cctlr19 was significantly upregulated in immune-related organs. In addition, the expression of Cctlr19 was upregulated in head kidney leukocytes (HKL) upon stimulation with different ligands. Immunofluorescence and luciferase analyses indicate that CcTlr19 recruited TRIF as an adaptor. Furthermore, CcTlr19 can activate the expression of ifn-1 and viperin. Taken together, these findings lay the foundation for future research to investigate the mechanisms underlying fish tlr19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijuan Shan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Hanxiao Feng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Muhanmmad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Guiwen Yang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, No.88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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39
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Trung NB, Nan FH, Wang IJ, Wu YC, Wen CM, Lee MC, Hang HT, Lee PT. Expression, signal transduction, and function analysis of TIRAP and TRIF in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 117:103991. [PMID: 33387560 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Toll/interleukin 1 receptor domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP) and toll/interleukin 1 receptor-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) are crucial adaptors of signal transduction for the signaling pathways of toll-like receptors (TLRs). TIRAP and TRIF perform an essential function in an antimicrobial immune response; however, their function in Nile tilapia remains unknown. Herein, TIRAP and TRIF from Nile tilapia were identified and functionally characterized. Phylogenetic analysis showed that OnTIRAP and OnTRIF clustered with corresponding homologs from other fish species, with comparable gene structures to those of select vertebrate TIRAP and TRIF genes, respectively. The expression profiles of OnTIRAP and OnTRIF were broadly distributed in the ten tissues investigated, with high transcript levels noticed in immune organs. The transcription levels of OnTIRAP and OnTRIF were upregulated in response to bacterial and poly (I:C) challenges. GFP signals were only detected in the cytoplasmic region of fish cells transfected with OnTIRAP-GFP and OnTRIF-GFP expression plasmids. Moreover, overexpression of OnTIRAP and OnTRIF activated interferon-β (IFN-β) and activator protein 1 (AP1) reporters in HEK 293 cells. Activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) reporter was only observed in OnTRIF-overexpressing HEK 293 cells. Furthermore, the results of the co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that OnTRIF, but not OnTIRAP, was recruited as an adaptor protein by OnTLR25. This study provides the first evidence on the functions of OnTIRAP and OnTRIF in the immune system of Nile tilapia against pathogens and may serve as the basis for further investigations on TLR signaling in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Bao Trung
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Jong Wang
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ching Wu
- Institute of Zoology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chiu-Ming Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Chou Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for Ocean Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ho Thi Hang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan, ROC.
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40
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Xiao X, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Liao Z, Wu C, Yang C, Zhang Y, Xiao S, Su J. Broad-Spectrum Robust Direct Bactericidal Activity of Fish IFNφ1 Reveals an Antimicrobial Peptide-like Function for Type I IFNs in Vertebrates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1337-1347. [PMID: 33568398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type I IFNs (IFN-Is) play pivotal roles in host defense against viral infections but remain enigmatic against bacterial pathogens. In this study, we recombinantly expressed and purified intact grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) IFNφ1 (gcIFNφ1), a teleost IFN-I. gcIFNφ1 widely powerfully directly kills both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. gcIFNφ1 binds to LPS or peptidoglycan and provokes bacterial membrane depolarization and disruption, resulting in bacterial death. Furthermore, gcIFNφ1 can efficiently protect zebrafish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection and significantly reduce the bacterial loads in tissues by an infection model. In addition, we wonder whether antibacterial IFN-I members exist in other vertebrates. The amino acid compositions of representative IFN-Is with strong positive charges from Pisces, Amphibia, reptiles, Aves, and Mammalia demonstrate high similarities with those of 2237 reported cationic antimicrobial peptides in antimicrobial peptide database. Recombinant intact representative IFN-I members from the nonmammalian sect exhibit potent broad-spectrum robust bactericidal activity through bacterial membrane depolarization; in contrast, the bactericidal activity is very weak from mammalian IFN-Is. The findings display a broad-spectrum potent direct antimicrobial function for IFN-Is, to our knowledge previously unknown. The results highlight that IFN-Is are important and robust in host defense against bacterial pathogens, and unify direct antibacterial and indirect antiviral bifunction in nonmammalian jawed vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Xiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; and.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changsong Wu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; .,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; and
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41
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Trung NB, Lee PT. Functional characterization of myeloid differentiation factor 88 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 250:110485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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42
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Liu G, Zhang H, Zhao C, Zhang H. Evolutionary History of the Toll-Like Receptor Gene Family across Vertebrates. Genome Biol Evol 2020; 12:3615-3634. [PMID: 31800025 PMCID: PMC6946030 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evz266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to a wide range of pathogenic environments is a major aspect of the ecological adaptations of vertebrates during evolution. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are ancient membrane-bound sensors in animals and are best known for their roles in detecting and defense against invading pathogenic microorganisms. To understand the evolutionary history of the vertebrate TLR gene family, we first traced the origin of single-cysteine cluster TLRs that share the same protein architecture with vertebrate TLRs in early-branching animals and then analyzed all members of the TLR family in over 200 species covering all major vertebrate clades. Our results indicate that although the emergence of single-cysteine cluster TLRs predates the separation of bilaterians and cnidarians, most vertebrate TLR members originated shortly after vertebrate emergence. Phylogenetic analyses divided 1,726 vertebrate TLRs into 8 subfamilies, and TLR3 may represent the most ancient subfamily that emerged before the branching of deuterostomes. Our analysis reveals that purifying selection predominated in the evolution of all vertebrate TLRs, with mean dN/dS (ω) values ranging from 0.082 for TLR21 in birds to 0.434 for TLR11 in mammals. However, we did observe patterns of positive selection acting on specific codons (527 of 60,294 codons across all vertebrate TLRs, 8.7‰), which are significantly concentrated in ligand-binding extracellular domains and suggest host–pathogen coevolutionary interactions. Additionally, we found stronger positive selection acting on nonviral compared with viral TLRs, indicating the more essential nonredundant function of viral TLRs in host immunity. Taken together, our findings provide comprehensive insight into the complex evolutionary processes of the vertebrate TLR gene family, involving gene duplication, pseudogenization, purification, and positive selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshuai Liu
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Huanxin Zhang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, China
| | - Honghai Zhang
- College of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Shandong, China
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43
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Lee PT, Ho TH, Nguyen BT, Lin YL, Chiu PY. Expression profile, subcellular localization and signaling pathway analysis of fish-specific TLR25 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:141-154. [PMID: 32502612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the major food fish species produced in tropical and subtropical regions. However, this industry has been facing significant challenges from microbial infections. Understanding how hosts initiate immune responses against invading microbes is the first requirement for addressing disease outbreak prevention and disease resistance. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that can recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). They thus play an essential role in innate immunity. TLR25 is a newly identified fish-specific member of the TLR1 subfamily. In this study, we investigate the molecular and functional characteristics of O. niloticus TLR25 (OnTLR25) via tissue expression patterns, gene expression modulation after challenge with bacteria and TLR ligands, subcellular localization in human and fish cells, and the signaling pathways TLR25 may induce. Transcriptional levels of OnTLR25 are high in immune-related organs such as the spleen and head kidney, and are increased following bacterial challenges. In addition, we show that OnTLR25 preferentially localizes to the intracellular compartment in transfected tilapia head kidney (THK) cell line. Furthermore, overexpression of the truncated form of OnTLR25 in THK cell line induced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-12a, and interferon-d2.13. Combined, our results suggest that TLR25 is likely to play an important role in the antimicrobial responses of the innate immune system of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Tsang Lee
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Thi Hang Ho
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Bao Trung Nguyen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
| | - Yu-Lin Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Chiu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
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44
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Zhang X, Liu Z, Wu S, Sun M, Wei J, Qin Q. Fish RIP1 Mediates Innate Antiviral Immune Responses Induced by SGIV and RGNNV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1718. [PMID: 32849607 PMCID: PMC7417445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is an essential sensor of cellular stress, which may respond to apoptosis or cell survival and participate in antiviral pathways. To investigate the roles of fish RIP1 in Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection, a RIP1 homolog from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcRIP1) was cloned and characterized. EcRIP1 encoded a 679 amino acid protein that shares 83.28% identity with that of Perca flavescens and contained a homologous N-terminal kinase (S-TKc) domain, a RIP isotype interaction motif (RHIM), and a C-terminal domain (DD). EcRIP1 was predominantly detected in immune tissues, and its expression was induced by RGNNV or SGIV infection in vitro. Subcellular localization showed that EcRIP1 was distributed in the cytoplasm with point-like uniform and dot-like aggregation forms. Overexpression of EcRIP1 inhibited SGIV and RGNNV replication and positively regulated the expression levels of interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes and pro-inflammatory factors. EcRIP1 may interact with grouper tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein (EcTRADD) to promote SGIV-induced apoptosis, and interact with grouper Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adapter inducing interferon-β (EcTRIF) and participate in Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88)-independent toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. EcRIP1 may also interact with grouper tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) as intracellular linker proteins and mediate the signaling of various downstream signaling pathways, including NF-κB and IFN. These results suggest that EcRIP1 may inhibit SGIV and RGNNV infection by regulating apoptosis and various signaling molecules. Our study offers new insights into the regulatory mechanism of RIP1-related signaling, and provides a novel perspective on fish diseases mediated by RIP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetian Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengshi Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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45
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Zhu J, Liu X, Cai X, Ouyang G, Zha H, Zhou Z, Liao Q, Wang J, Xiao W. Zebrafish
prmt3
negatively regulates antiviral responses. FASEB J 2020; 34:10212-10227. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902569r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan P.R. China
- The Innovation of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Xiaolian Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Gang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan P.R. China
- The Innovation of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Huangyuan Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- Dalian Ocean University Dalian P.R. China
| | - Ziwen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Qian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan P.R. China
- The Innovation of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
| | - Wuhan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P.R. China
- The Key laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan P.R. China
- The Innovation of Seed Design Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
- The Key of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation, Institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan P.R. China
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Hu Y, Kurobe T, Liu X, Zhang YA, Su J, Yuan G. Hamp Type-1 Promotes Antimicrobial Defense via Direct Microbial Killing and Regulating Iron Metabolism in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella). Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060825. [PMID: 32481513 PMCID: PMC7356000 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide and regulator of iron homeostasis which has two isoforms in most fishes and some mammals. Previous studies have reported that the two hepcidin isoforms have different roles. Hamp type-1 plays a regulatory role in iron metabolism and hamp type-2 mostly performs an antimicrobial role. In this study, we found that Ctenopharyngodon idella (C. idella) have only one hepcidin isoform (hamp type-1), which showed both broad-spectrum antibacterial and iron regulatory functions. C. idella hepcidin mature peptide (hepcidin-25) and truncated peptide (hepcidin-20) exhibited bactericidal activities against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in a dose-dependent manner in part through membrane rupture and binding to bacterial genomic DNA. The data from challenge tests demonstrated that the administration of hepcidin-25 significantly reduced mortality rates of C. idella by A. hydrophila infection, probably due to direct bactericidal activities of the peptide and a reduction of iron content in the fish serum. In addition, a comparison between hepcidin-20 and -25 suggests that the N terminal 5 amino acids play a critical role in reducing iron content in fish serum. Our findings revealed an important role of hamp type-1 in maintaining iron homeostasis and fighting against bacterial infections, suggesting the hepcidin has implications for the prevention and control of bacterial infection in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Hu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tomofumi Kurobe
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Y.H.); (X.L.); (Y.-A.Z.); (J.S.)
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-87285211
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Sudhagar A, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G. Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout ( Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3755. [PMID: 32466538 PMCID: PMC7312180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative kidney disease is an emerging disease among salmonids in Europe and North America caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. The decline of endemic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Alpine streams of Europe is fostered by T. bryosalmonae infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that acts as sentinels of the immune system against the invading pathogens. However, little is known about the TLRs' response in salmonids against the myxozoan infection. In the present study, we identified and evaluated TLR1, TLR19, and TLR13-like genes of brown trout using data-mining and phylogenetic analysis. The expression pattern of TLRs was examined in the posterior kidney of brown trout infected with T. bryosalmonae at various time points. Typical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor protein domain was found in all tested TLRs. However, TLR13-like chr2 had a short amino acid sequence with no LRR domain. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that TLR orthologs are conserved across vertebrates. Similarly, a conserved synteny gene block arrangement was observed in the case of TLR1 and TLR19 across fish species. Interestingly, all tested TLRs showed their maximal relative expression from 6 to 10 weeks post-exposure to the parasite. Our results suggest that these TLRs may play an important role in the innate defense mechanism of brown trout against the invading T. bryosalmonae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sudhagar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Haryana 124411, India
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liang Z, Dai K, Zhu M, Zhang M, Pan J, Xue R, Cao G, Tang J, Song X, Hu X, Gong C. Interleukin-17 suppresses grass carp reovirus infection in Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells by activating NF-κB signaling. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 520:734969. [PMID: 32287459 PMCID: PMC7112052 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.734969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The grass carp accounts for a large proportion of aquacultural production in China, but the hemorrhagic disease caused by grass carp reovirus (GCRV) infection often causes huge economic losses to the industry. Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is an important cytokine that plays a critical role in the inflammatory and immune responses. Although IL-17 family members have been extensively studied in mammals, our knowledge of the activity of IL-17 proteins in teleosts in response to viral infection is still limited. In this study, the role of IL-17 in GCRV infection and its mechanism were investigated. The expression levels of IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, and IL-17AF3 in Ctenopharyngodon idella kidney (CIK) cells gradually increased from 6 h after infection with GCRV. The nuclear translocation of p65, which acts in the NF-κB signaling pathway, was also increased by GCRV infection. The overexpression of IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, or IL-17AF3 also promoted the nuclear translocation of p65 and the levels of phospho-IκBα in CIK cells, and reduced the expression of the viral structural protein VP7. An NF-κB signal inhibitor abolished the inhibition of GCRV infection by IL-17 proteins. These results suggested that the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated by the overexpression of IL-17 proteins, resulting in the inhibition of viral infection. In conclusion, in this study, we demonstrated that IL-17AF1, IL-17AF2, and IL-17AF3 acted as immune cytokines, exerting an antiviral effect by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshan Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Mingtian Zhang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xuehong Song
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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49
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Su H, Fan C, Liao Z, Yang C, Clarke JL, Zhang Y, Su J. Grass Carp Reovirus Major Outer Capsid Protein VP4 Interacts with RNA Sensor RIG-I to Suppress Interferon Response. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040560. [PMID: 32268551 PMCID: PMC7226501 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by viruses threaten the production industry and food safety of aquaculture which is a great animal protein source. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) has caused tremendous loss, and the molecular function of viral proteins during infection needs further research, as for most aquatic viruses. In this study, interaction between GCRV major outer capsid protein VP4 and RIG-I, a critical viral RNA sensor, was screened out by GST pull-down, endogenous immunoprecipitation and subsequent LC-MS/MS, and then verified by co-IP and an advanced far-red fluorescence complementation system. VP4 was proved to bind to the CARD and RD domains of RIG-I and promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of RIG-I to degrade RIG-I. VP4 reduced mRNA and promoter activities of key genes of RLR pathway and sequential IFN production. As a consequence, antiviral effectors were suppressed and GCRV replication increased, resulting in intensified cytopathic effect. Furthermore, results of transcriptome sequencing of VP4 stably expressed CIK (C. idella kidney) cells indicated that VP4 activated the MyD88-dependent TLR pathway. Knockdown of VP4 obtained opposite effects. These results collectively revealed that VP4 interacts with RIG-I to restrain interferon response and assist GCRV invasion. This study lays the foundation for anti-dsRNA virus molecular function research in teleost and provides a novel insight into the strategy of immune evasion for aquatic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Norwegian Institute for Bioeconomy Research, 1430 Ås, Norway;
| | - Chengjian Fan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiwei Liao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chunrong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,430070, China;
| | | | - Yongan Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.S.); (C.F.); (Z.L.); (Y.Z.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-27-87282227
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50
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Chen B, Li C, Yao J, Shi L, Liu W, Wang F, Huo S, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Ashraf U, Ye J, Liu X. Zebrafish NIK Mediates IFN Induction by Regulating Activation of IRF3 and NF-κB. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 204:1881-1891. [PMID: 32066597 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFN mediates the innate immune system to provide defense against viral infections. NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) potentiates the basal activation of endogenous STING, which facilitates the recruitment of TBK1 with the ectopically expressed IRF3 to induce IFN production. Moreover, NIK phosphorylates IKKα and confers its ability to phosphorylate p100 (also known as NF-κB2) in mammals. Our study demonstrated that NIK plays a critical role in IFN production in teleost fish. It was found that NIK interacts with IKKα in the cytoplasm and that IKKα phosphorylates the NIK at the residue Thr432, which is different from the mammals. Overexpression of NIK caused the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB, which in turn led to the production of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, the ectopic expression of NIK was observed to be associated with a reduced replication of the fish virus, whereas silencing of endogenous NIK had an opposite effect in vitro. Furthermore, NIK knockdown significantly reduced the expression of IFN and key ISGs in zebrafish larvae after spring viremia of carp virus infection. Additionally, the replication of spring viremia of carp virus was enhanced in NIK knockdown zebrafish larvae, leading to a lower survival rate. In summary, our findings revealed a previously undescribed function of NIK in activating IFN and ISGs as a host antiviral response. These findings may facilitate the establishment of antiviral therapy to combat fish viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jian Yao
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Shi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wanmeng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Shitian Huo
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yongan Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanan Lu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822; and
| | - Usama Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqin Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China;
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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