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Agarwal DS, Sakhuja R, Beteck RM, Legoabe LJ. Steroid-triazole conjugates: A brief overview of synthesis and their application as anticancer agents. Steroids 2023:109258. [PMID: 37330161 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are biomolecules that play pivotal roles in various physiological and drug discovery processes. Abundant research has been fuelled towards steroid-heterocycles conjugates over the last few decades as potential therapeutic agents against various diseases especially as anticancer agents. In this context various steroid-triazole conjugates have been synthesized and studied for their anticancer potential against various cancer cell lines. A thorough search of the literatures revealed that a concise review pertaining the present topic is not compiled. Therefore, in thus review we summarize the synthesis, anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines and structure activity relationship (SAR) of various steroid-triazole conjugates. This review can lay down the path towards the development of various steroid-heterocycles conjugates with lesser side effects and profound efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh S Agarwal
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333 031, India
| | - Richard M Beteck
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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2
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Synthesis, In Vitro Biological Evaluation of Antiproliferative and Neuroprotective Effects and In Silico Studies of Novel 16E-Arylidene-5α,6α-epoxyepiandrosterone Derivatives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030812. [PMID: 36979790 PMCID: PMC10045663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroids constitute an important class of pharmacologically active molecules, playing key roles in human physiology. Within this group, 16E-arylideneandrostane derivatives have been reported as potent anti-cancer agents for the treatment of leukemia, breast and prostate cancers, and brain tumors. Additionally, 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol is an oxysterol with several biological activities, including regulation of cell proliferation and cholesterol homeostasis. Interestingly, pregnenolone derivatives combining these two modifications were described as potential neuroprotective agents. In this research, novel 16E-arylidene-5α,6α-epoxyepiandrosterone derivatives were synthesized from dehydroepiandrosterone by aldol condensation with different aldehydes followed by a diastereoselective 5α,6α-epoxidation. Their cytotoxicity was evaluated on tumoral and non-tumoral cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Furthermore, the assessment of the neuroprotective activity of these derivatives was performed in a dopaminergic neuronal cell line (N27), at basal conditions, and in the presence of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Interestingly, some of these steroids had selective cytotoxic effects in tumoral cell lines, with an IC50 of 3.47 µM for the 2,3-dichlorophenyl derivative in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The effects of this functionalized epoxide on cell proliferation (Ki67 staining), cell necrosis (propidium iodide staining), as well as the analysis of the nuclear area and near neighbor distance in MCF-7 cells, were analyzed. From this set of biological studies, strong evidence of the activation of apoptosis was found. In contrast, no significant neuroprotection against 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity was observed for the less cytotoxic steroids in N27 cells. Lastly, molecular docking simulations were achieved to verify the potential affinity of these compounds against important targets of steroidal drugs (androgen receptor, estrogen receptor α, and 5α-reductase type 2, 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase and aromatase enzymes). This in silico study predicted a strong affinity between most novel steroidal derivatives and 5α-reductase and 17α-hydroxylase-17,20-lyase enzymes.
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3
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Sharma K, Kumar H. Formation of nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocycles on steroidal ring system: A review. Steroids 2023; 191:109171. [PMID: 36581085 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Steroidal heterocyclic compounds constitute interesting and promising scaffolds for drug discovery as they have displayed diverse chemical reactivity and several types of biological activities. This study is a concise report on the most recent advancements in the chemistry of the steroid skeleton, including reactions at the A, B, and D ring systems. The modern synthetic methods for the steroidal nitrogen-containing six-membered heterocyclic derivatives from 3-keto-, 6-keto-, 17-keto-, and 20-keto-steroids, as well as 2-Aldo-, 4-Aldo-, 6-Aldo-, and 16-Aldo-steroids, are discussed. However, some other methods for the synthesis of steroidal N-containing 6-membered heterocyclic derivatives are also included. These compounds have shown therapeutic potential as cytotoxic agents against various cell lines and have also shown antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. Therefore, they could be used as prospective candidates for the development of various medications. This paper not only describes synthetic details involved in creating N-containing 6-membered heterocyclic steroid derivatives, but also provides a brief overview of the medicinal applications of these compounds. This information will be highly useful for the medicinal chemists conducting research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India.
| | - Himanshi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram 122505, Haryana, India
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4
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Dodd KC, Menon M. Sex bias in lymphocytes: Implications for autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945762. [PMID: 36505451 PMCID: PMC9730535 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by a significant sex dimorphism, with women showing increased susceptibility to disease. This is, at least in part, due to sex-dependent differences in the immune system that are influenced by the complex interplay between sex hormones and sex chromosomes, with contribution from sociological factors, diet and gut microbiota. Sex differences are evident in the number and function of lymphocyte populations. Women mount a stronger pro-inflammatory response than males, with increased lymphocyte proliferation, activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, whereas men display expanded regulatory cell subsets. Ageing alters the immune landscape of men and women in differing ways, resulting in changes in autoimmune disease susceptibility. Here we review the current literature on sex differences in lymphocyte function, the factors that influence this, and the implications for autoimmune disease. We propose that improved understanding of sex bias in lymphocyte function can provide sex-specific tailoring of treatment strategies for better management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C. Dodd
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Madhvi Menon,
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5
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Collins MK, McCutcheon CR, Petroff MG. Impact of Estrogen and Progesterone on Immune Cells and Host–Pathogen Interactions in the Lower Female Reproductive Tract. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:1437-1449. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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6
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Siegel DR, Luu TH, Skaznik-Wikiel ME. Primary Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Immunoglobulin G-associated Optic Neuritis Presenting after a Frozen Embryo Transfer. J Hum Reprod Sci 2021; 14:203-205. [PMID: 34316239 PMCID: PMC8279048 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_30_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-immunoglobulin G-associated optic neuritis (ON) is a newly recognized antibody-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, resulting in acute visual loss and pain with eye movement. The effects of pregnancy on disease pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Herein, we present a novel association between a frozen embryo transfer (FET) and the first manifestation of MOG-ON in a previously healthy patient with unexplained infertility. The patient presented with acute bilateral visual loss 3 weeks after a single FET and was found to test positive for MOG antibodies with an otherwise unremarkable workup. The patient's vision returned to baseline with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone and therapeutic plasma exchange. This is the first published case highlighting an association between MOG-ON and assisted reproductive technology (ART) in a patient without prior risk factors. Further studies are needed to clarify the effects of ART and pregnancy in general on disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rebecca Siegel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thanh-Ha Luu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Malgorzata E Skaznik-Wikiel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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7
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Highlights on Steroidal Arylidene Derivatives as a Source of Pharmacologically Active Compounds: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072032. [PMID: 33918373 PMCID: PMC8038301 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids constitute a unique class of chemical compounds, playing an important role in physiopathological processes, and have high pharmacological interest. Additionally, steroids have been associated with a relatively low toxicity and high bioavailability. Nowadays, multiple steroidal derivatives are clinically available for the treatment of numerous diseases. Moreover, different structural modifications on their skeleton have been explored, aiming to develop compounds with new and improved pharmacological properties. Thus, steroidal arylidene derivatives emerged as a relevant example of these modifications. This family of compounds has been mainly described as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and aromatase inhibitors, as well as neuroprotective and anticancer agents. Besides, due to their straightforward preparation and intrinsic chemical reactivity, steroidal arylidene derivatives are important synthetic intermediates for the preparation of other compounds, particularly bearing heterocyclic systems. In fact, starting from arylidenesteroids, it was possible to develop bioactive steroidal pyrazolines, pyrazoles, pyrimidines, pyridines, spiro-pyrrolidines, amongst others. Most of these products have also been studied as anti-inflammatory and anticancer agents, as well as 5α-reductase and aromatase inhibitors. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of steroidal arylidene derivatives described in the literature, highlighting their bioactivities and importance as synthetic intermediates for other pharmacologically active compounds.
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Wasfi A. Al-Masoudi, Al-Masoudi NA, Saeed BA, Winter R, Pannecouque C. Synthesis, In Vitro Anti-HIV Activity, Cytotoxicity, and Computational Studies of Some New Steroids and Their Pyrazoline and Oxime Analogues. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020050039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Huang N, Chi H, Qiao J. Role of Regulatory T Cells in Regulating Fetal-Maternal Immune Tolerance in Healthy Pregnancies and Reproductive Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1023. [PMID: 32676072 PMCID: PMC7333773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized subset of T lymphocytes that function as suppressive immune cells and inhibit various elements of immune response in vitro and in vivo. While there are constraints on the number or function of Tregs which can be exploited to evoke an effective anti-tumor response, sufficient expansion of Tregs is essential for successful organ transplantation and for promoting tolerance of self and foreign antigens. The immune-suppressive property of Tregs equips this T lymphocyte subpopulation with a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of maternal tolerance to fetal alloantigens, which is necessary for successful pregnancy. Elevation in the level of pregnancy-related hormones including estrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin promotes the recruitment and expansion of Tregs, directly implicating these cells in the regulation of fetal-maternal immune tolerance. Current studies have provided evidence that a defect in the number or function of Tregs contributes to the etiology of several reproductive diseases, such as recurrent spontaneous abortion, endometriosis, and pre-eclampsia. In this review, we provide insight into the underlying mechanism through which Tregs contribute to pregnancy-related immune tolerance and demonstrate the association between deficiencies in Tregs and the development of reproductive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Chi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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10
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A novel pregnene analogs: synthesis, cytotoxicity on prostate cancer of PC-3 and LNCPa-AI cells and in silico molecular docking study. Mol Divers 2020; 25:661-671. [PMID: 32006297 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
New pregnene analogs of N-hydroxamic acid 6, imino-propane hydrazides 7 and 8 as well as the aryl amides 9-11, oxadiazole, pyrazole and sulfinyl analogs 13-15, via the hydrazide analog 5 of methyl ((5-pregnen-3β,17β-diol-15α-yl)thio)propanoate (4) were synthesized. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of selected synthesized steroids against two human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, and LNCaP-AI) were evaluated by MTT assay. Compound 10 was the most active cytotoxic agent among these steroids against PC-3 and LNCaP-AI cell lines with inhibition of 96.2%, and 93.6% at concentration levels of 10.0 μM and 91.8%, and of 79.8% at concentration of 1.0 μM, respectively. Molecular docking study of 10 showed a hydrogen bonding with the amino acid Asn705 residue of the receptor 1E3G, together with hydrophobic interactions. Therefore, compound 10 can be considered as a promising anticancer agent due to its potent cytotoxic activity.
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11
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Merrheim J, Villegas J, Van Wassenhove J, Khansa R, Berrih-Aknin S, le Panse R, Dragin N. Estrogen, estrogen-like molecules and autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102468. [PMID: 31927086 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In western countries, the slope of autoimmune disease (AD) incidence is increasing and affects 5-8% of the population. Mainly prevalent in women, these pathologies are due to thymic tolerance processes breakdown. The female sex hormone, estrogen, is involved in this AD female susceptibility. However, predisposition factors have to act in concert with unknown triggering environmental factors (virus, microbiota, pollution) to initiate AD. Individuals are exposed to various environmental compounds that display endocrine disruption abilities. The cellular effects of some of these molecules may be mediated through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we review the effects of these molecules on the homeostasis of the thymic cells, the immune tolerance intrinsic factors (transcription factors, epigenetic marks) and on the immune tolerance extrinsic factors (microbiota, virus sensibility). This review highlights the contribution of estrogen and endocrine disruptors on the dysregulation of mechanisms sustaining AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Merrheim
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - José Villegas
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Van Wassenhove
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rémi Khansa
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Berrih-Aknin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Rozen le Panse
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; AIM, Institute of Myology, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Nadine Dragin
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; Inserm UMRS 974, Paris, France; Inovarion, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, Inserm UMRS 974, Hôpital La Pitié- Salpêtrière, 105 Bd de l'hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.
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12
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Tang JJ, Li G, Gao JM. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel steroidal C-20 oxime ester derivatives from 16-DPA. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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El-Kady DS, Ali NA, Sayed AH, Abdelhaliem MM, Elmegeed GA, Ahmed HH. Assessment of the Antitumor Potentiality of Newly Designed Steroid Derivatives: Pre-Clinical Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:3057-3070. [PMID: 31653155 PMCID: PMC6982653 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is recognized as one of the most prevalent contributors to mortality in several nations and it remains one of the common health issues globally. In particular, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a public health problem along with the increase of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infections. Based on this fact, our study goaled to synthesize newly hybrid drugs containing heterocyclic rings incorporated to steroid moiety and to examine the potential antitumor activity of the newly designed heterosteroid derivatives against HCC induced in animal model. Several heterocyclic steroids were synthesized 2-7 and confirmed via the analytical and spectral data (IR, 1H NMR13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy). Compounds 3, 4, and 5 were chosen to be investigated as anticancer agents in HCC rat model by means of validated biomarkers (alfa –fetoprotein, endoglin, lipocali-2 and heat shock protein-70). Following administration of compounds 3, 4 or 5, availability of the active tumor marker molecules was significantly dropped and a substantial decrease of the angiogenic and inflammatory mediators was also evident. These findings were supported by the histological examination of liver tissue. Taken together, this study indicates the potential anticancer activity of the newly synthesized heterosteroid derivatives against HCC in vivo. The antitumor activity of these compounds was likely attributable to modulating some signal transduction pathways involved in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina S El-Kady
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A Ali
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa H Sayed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Community College in Al-Qurayyat, Al-Jouf University, KSA
| | - Mervat M Abdelhaliem
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gamal A Elmegeed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Department of Hormones, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Zafar A, Singh S, Ahmad S, Khan S, Imran Siddiqi M, Naseem I. Interaction of C20-substituted derivative of pregnenolone acetate with copper (II) leads to ROS generation, DNA cleavage and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells: Therapeutic potential of copper chelation for cancer treatment. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:276-290. [PMID: 30908970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in developing countries. Therefore, development of new chemotherapeutic agents is required. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells contain elevated copper levels which play an integral role in angiogenesis. Thus, targeting copper via copper-specific chelators in cancer cells can serve as effective anticancer strategy. In this work, a copper chelator pregnenolone acetate nucleus-based tetrazole derivative (ligand-L) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. DNA binding ability of ligand-L was studied using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence spectroscopy studies reveal that quenching constant of ligand-l-DNA and ligand-L-Cu(II) were found to be 7.4 × 103 M-1 and 8.8 × 103 M-1, respectively. In vitro toxicity of ligand-L was studied on human cervical cancer C33A cancer cells. Results showed that ligand-L exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against cervical cancer C33A cells with IC50 value 5.0 ± 1.8 µM. Further, it was found that ligand-L cytotoxicity is due to redox cycling of copper to generate ROS which leads to DNA damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, this is the report where we synthesized pregnenolone acetate-based tetrazole derivative against C33A cells that targets cellular copper to induce pro-oxidant death in cancer cells. These findings will provide significant insights into the development of new chemical molecules with better copper chelating and pro-oxidant properties against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swarnendra Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029, India
| | - Sabahuddin Ahmad
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saman Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Imrana Naseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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15
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Song YL, Tian CP, Wu Y, Jiang LH, Shen LQ. Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of steroidal pyridine derivatives based on molecular docking. Steroids 2019; 143:53-61. [PMID: 30590064 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
With steroid as a carrier nucleus and introducing a pyridine heterocycle as a pharmacophore on the D ring, a series of steroidal pyridine derivatives were designed and studied for their antitumor activity by molecular docking software. The compounds were synthesized as small molecule inhibitors and studied as anticancer agents. The synthesis of the analogs was performed in a one-pot multi-component reaction and the corresponding compounds were screened in vitro for their antitumor activity. Four adherently growing cancer cell lines were used and arranged before dosing. Among all compounds screened for their antitumor activity, compounds 2f and 2p were found to be the most active. Here, the most obvious changes in the morphology of the treated cells could be observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Forest Chemicals of Guangxi, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Cheng-Piao Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Forest Chemicals of Guangxi, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities Xingyi, Guizhou 562400, China
| | - Li-He Jiang
- Department of Development and Planning, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Li-Qun Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China; Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Forest Chemicals of Guangxi, Nanning 530006, China.
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16
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Chen S, Wu H, Li AJ, Pei J, Zhao L. Synthesis and biological evaluation of hydrazone and pyrazoline derivatives derived from androstenedione. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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17
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Chen H, Liang X, Sun T, Qiao X, Zhan Z, Li Z, He C, Ya H, Yuan M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of estrone 3-O-ether derivatives containing the piperazine moiety. Steroids 2018; 134:101-109. [PMID: 29476759 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of new estrone derivatives were designed and synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. All new estrone derivatives were investigated for their in vitro cytotoxic efficacies against a panel of three human prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3, LNCaP, and DU145). The derivatives 6, 7, 10, 15, 16, 20, 21, 22, 24 and 26 showed important cytotoxic actions against individual carcinoma cell line collections. Moreover, antagonistic activities of compounds (7, 15, 16 and 21) towards a1-ARs (α1A, α1B, and α1D) were further evaluated using dual-luciferase reporter assays, and the compounds 16 and 21 exhibited better a1-ARs subtype selectivity. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) suggested that the substitute's type and position on the phenyl group leads to the interesting variations within pharmacological effects of resultant molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Xue Liang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 621# Gangwan Road, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiao
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhou Zhan
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Ziyong Li
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Chaojun He
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, 6# Jiqing Road, Luoyang 471934, Henan Province, China.
| | - Mu Yuan
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Guangzhou Medical University, 195# Dongfengxi Road, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong Province, China.
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18
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Qin J, Li L, Jin Q, Guo D, Liu M, Fan C, Li J, Shan Z, Teng W. Estrogen receptor β activation stimulates the development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis through up-regulation of Th17-type responses. Clin Immunol 2018; 190:41-52. [PMID: 29481981 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play important roles in autoimmune thyroiditis, but it remains unknown which estrogen receptor (ER) subtype mediates the stimulatory effects. Herein we treated ovariectomized mice with ERα or ERβ selective agonist followed by thyroglobulin-immunization to induce experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT), and observed the aggravation of EAT after diarylpropionitrile (DPN, ERβ selective agonist) administration. The mRNA levels of interleukin(IL)-17A, IL-21 and RORγt and percentages of T helper (Th) 17 cells were up-regulated in the splenocytes of DPN-treated mice. Activated ERβ was found directly binding to IL-17A and IL-21 gene promoters, and also indirectly promoting IL-21 and RORγt gene transcription through interaction with NF-κB. The expressions of co-stimulatory molecules were increased on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) after DPN administration. It suggests that ERβ is the predominant ER subtype responsible for EAT development, and its activation may enhance Th17-type responses through genomic pathways and alteration of APCs' activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Qin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Qian Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Chenling Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, PR China
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Xiang Y, Jin Q, Li L, Yang Y, Zhang H, Liu M, Fan C, Li J, Shan Z, Teng W. Physiological low-dose oestrogen promotes the development of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis through the up-regulation of Th1/Th17 responses. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 126:23-31. [PMID: 29454161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported a preponderance of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) in females, but the detailed mechanisms have not been elucidated. In this study, we explored the effects of oestrogen on experimental AIT (EAT) and its potential mechanisms in an ovariectomised mouse model through the supplementation of high (equivalent to the level during pregnancy) or low (equivalent to the level at the oestrus stage) doses of oestradiol (E2). We found that EAT incidence, the intrathyroidal inflammatory score, serum anti-thyroglobulin IgG2b levels, splenic mRNA expression of Th1- and Th17-specific transcription factors and typical cytokines and the proportion of IL-12-producing dendritic cells were significantly increased in EAT mice treated with low-dose E2 compared with those in the control group. However, they were not changed when administered with high-dose E2. These findings indicate that low physiological levels of E2 can stimulate the occurrence and development of EAT through the up-regulation of Th1/Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Li Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Yali Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Chenling Fan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
| | - Weiping Teng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Endocrine Diseases, Shenyang 110001, P. R. China.
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20
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Abd Elhalim MM, Ismail NSM, M Yahya SM, Omar YY, Abd Rabou AA, Lasheen DS, Zawrah MF, Elmegeed GA. Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effects of Novel Hybrid Steroidal Heterocycles as PEG Based Nanoparticles. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:1937-1946. [PMID: 28749624 PMCID: PMC5648402 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.7.1937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer agents featuring hybrid molecules can improve effectiveness and diminish drug resistance. The current
study aimed to introduce newly synthesized heterocyclic steroids of promising anticancer effects loaded in polyethylene
glycol (PEG)•based nanoparticles form. Several heterocyclic steroids (1-9) were synthesized via multicomponent
reactions (MCRs) and confirmed via the analytical and spectral data. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9, were investigated
individually in their free and PEG based nano-size hybrid forms as anticancer agents against three human cell lines:
hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2); breast cancer cells (MCF-7); and colon cancer cells (HCT116). The neutral red
supravital dye uptake assay was employed. Compound 6 in its PEG based nano-size form exhibited the best cytotoxic
effects against HepG2 and HCT116 cell lines, with IC50 values of 2.44 μmol/l and 2.59 μmol/l, respectively. In addition,
it demonstrated a low IC50 value against MCF-7 (3.46μmol/l) cells. This study introduced promising anticancer agents
acting through conversion into PEG-based nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M Abd Elhalim
- Hormones Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
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21
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Fan NJ, Tang JJ, Li YF, He QR, Liang S. Synthesis of 17β-N-Phenylpyrazolyl Steroidal Derivatives and Their Inhibitory Effect on Cell Proliferation. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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MARTINS DP, SEMENOFF TADV, BORGES ÁH, SILVA NFD, SEMENOFF-SEGUNDO A. Chronic stress associated to contraceptives use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.04116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Contraceptives are widely used by women in much of the world. The stress associated with their use can lead adverse responses in the body. Objective The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of chronic stress associated with contraceptive use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in female Lewis rats. Material and method Therefore, forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): contraceptive and ligature group (CG); stress and ligature group (SG); contraceptive, stress and ligature group (CSG); ligature group (LG); and control group (CtrlG). An injectable contraceptive was administered to the CG and CSG groups at the beginning of the experiment. On the following day, periodontitis was induced in the CG, SG, LG and CSG groups by placing ligatures on the upper-right second molar. On the third day, the SG and the CSG were subjected to a chronic stress model using physical restraint and cold exposure. After 60 days, the animals were euthanized and submitted to histometric measurements. Two parameters were considered: histological attachment loss (CEJ-PL) and bone loss (CEJ-BC). Regarding CEJ-PL/CEJ-BC. Result The results indicated that the CtrlG (CEJ-PL 0.10 ± 0.00; CEJ-BC 0.34 ± 0.02) showed the lowest values (p<0.05). The SG group (CEJ-PL 0.90 ± 0.24; CEJ-BC 1.30 ± 0.28) presented higher values that were significantly different (p<0.05) from the results of the LG. The other groups exhibited similar statistical results (p>0.05). Conclusion The present results do not allow an assessment of the susceptibility of animals to ligature-induced periodontitis.
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23
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Sapir-Koren R, Livshits G. Rheumatoid arthritis onset in postmenopausal women: Does the ACPA seropositive subset result from genetic effects, estrogen deficiency, skewed profile of CD4(+) T-cells, and their interactions? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 431:145-63. [PMID: 27178986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) incidence displays a differentiated age-dependent female-to-male ratio in which women outnumber men. Evidence that the peak incidence of RA in women coincides with menopause age, suggests a potential estrogenic role to disease etiology. Estrogens exert physiologically both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the immune system. Epidemiologic and animal model studies with estrogen deprivation or supplementation suggested estrogens as to play, mainly, a protective role in RA immunopathology. In this review, we propose that some yet unidentified disturbances associated with estrogen circulating levels, differentiated by the menopausal status, play a major role in women's RA susceptibility. We focus on the interaction between estrogen deprivation and genetic risk alleles for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) seropositive RA, as a major driving force for increased immune reactivity and RA susceptibility, in postmenopausal women. This opens up new fields for research concerning the association among different irregular estrogenic conditions, the cytokine milieu, and age/menopausal status bias in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Sapir-Koren
- Human Population Biology Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Human Population Biology Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Lilian and Marcel Pollak Chair of Biological Anthropology, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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24
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Clapp C, Adán N, Ledesma-Colunga MG, Solís-Gutiérrez M, Triebel J, Martínez de la Escalera G. The role of the prolactin/vasoinhibin axis in rheumatoid arthritis: an integrative overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2929-48. [PMID: 27026299 PMCID: PMC11108309 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2187-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, inflammatory disease destroying articular cartilage and bone. The female preponderance and the influence of reproductive states in RA have long linked this disease to sexually dimorphic, reproductive hormones such as prolactin (PRL). PRL has immune-enhancing properties and increases in the circulation of some patients with RA. However, PRL also suppresses the immune system, stimulates the formation and survival of joint tissues, acquires antiangiogenic properties upon its cleavage to vasoinhibins, and protects against joint destruction and inflammation in the adjuvant-induced model of RA. This review addresses risk factors for RA linked to PRL, the effects of PRL and vasoinhibins on joint tissues, blood vessels, and immune cells, and the clinical and experimental data associating PRL with RA. This information provides important insights into the pathophysiology of RA and highlights protective actions of the PRL/vasoinhibin axis that could lead to therapeutic benefits.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/immunology
- Animals
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Cartilage, Articular/blood supply
- Cartilage, Articular/immunology
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/physiopathology
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Cellular
- Inflammation/epidemiology
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Inflammation/physiopathology
- Joints/blood supply
- Joints/immunology
- Joints/pathology
- Joints/physiopathology
- Male
- Prolactin/immunology
- Reproduction
- Sex Factors
- Stress, Physiological
- Stress, Psychological
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Clapp
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico.
| | - Norma Adán
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - María G Ledesma-Colunga
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mariana Solís-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jakob Triebel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Martínez de la Escalera
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM, Juriquilla, 76230, Querétaro, Mexico
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25
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Li Y, Liu J, Wang L, Qing X, Wang C. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3β-androsta-5,8(14),15-trien-17-one derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Steroids 2016; 112:74-80. [PMID: 27192426 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A novel and operationally simple method for highly efficient synthesis of promising anti-cancer 3β-hydroxy-16-arylandrosta-5,8(14),15-trien-17-ones was reported. Compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against A549, SKOV3, MKN-45 and MDA-MB-435 cancer cell lines. The preliminary results showed that compounds 5e, g were the most active especially against cancer cell lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Lizhong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, PR China
| | - Xushun Qing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, PR China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting Street, Yangzhou 225002, PR China.
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26
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Abstract
Cigarette smoking has been causally linked to the development of multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, Graves' hyperthyroidism, and primary biliary cirrhosis, among others. We review the known biologic effects of cigarette smoke, in particular its actions on the immune system, and the epidemiologic evidence associating smoking with increased risk of each of these autoimmune diseases. Interactions between cigarette smoking and genetic and immunologic factors, such as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)shared epitope, rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies, may point to mechanisms in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Costenbader
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Section of Clinical Sciences, PBB-B3, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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27
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Ahmad F, Parveen M, Alam M, Azaz S, Malla AM, Alam MJ, Lee DU, Ahmad S. Synthesis, X-ray crystallography, spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H &13C NMR and UV), computational (DFT/B3LYP) and enzymes inhibitory studies of 7-hydroximinocholest-5-en-3-ol acetate. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Shiau HJ, Aichelmann-Reidy ME, Reynolds MA. Influence of sex steroids on inflammation and bone metabolism. Periodontol 2000 2015; 64:81-94. [PMID: 24320957 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids are central to sexual development and reproduction, exerting pleiotropic effects on multiple tissues and organs throughout the lifespan of humans. Sex steroids are fundamental to skeletal development, bone homeostasis and immune function. The composite effect of sex-specific genetic architecture and circulating levels of sex-steroid hormones closely parallels differences in the immune response and may account for corresponding sex-related differences in risk for chronic periodontitis, with men exhibiting greater susceptibility than women. Age-associated reductions in sex steroids also provide insight into apparent temporal increases in susceptibility to periodontitis and alveolar bone loss, particularly among women. Chronic infection and inflammatory conditions, such as periodontal disease, provide a unique platform for exploring the interface of sex steroids, immunity and bone metabolism.
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29
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Al-Masoudi NA, Kadhim RA, Abdul-Rida NA, Saeed BA, Engel M. New biaryl-chalcone derivatives of pregnenolone via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. Synthesis, CYP17 hydroxylase inhibition activity, QSAR, and molecular docking study. Steroids 2015; 101:43-50. [PMID: 26051784 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new class of steroids is being synthesized for its ability to prevent intratumoral androgen production by inhibiting the activity of CYP17 hydroxylase enzyme. The scheme involved the synthesis of chalcone derivative of pregnenolone 5 which was further modified to the corresponding biaryl-chalcone pregnenolone analogs 16-25 using Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction. The synthesized compounds were tested for activity using human CYP17α hydroxylase expressed in Escherichia coli. Compounds 21 was the most active inhibitor in this series, with IC50 values of 0.61μM and selectivity profile of 88.7% inhibition of hydroxylase enzyme. Molecular docking study of 21 was performed and showed the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction with the amino acid residues of the active site of CYP17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najim A Al-Masoudi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq.
| | - Rawaa A Kadhim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Qadisiya, Qadisiya, Iraq
| | - Nabeel A Abdul-Rida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Qadisiya, Qadisiya, Iraq
| | - Bahjat A Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Matthias Engel
- Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Germany
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30
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Dar AM, Gatoo MA, Shamsuzzaman. Steroidal dihydrocarbothioic acid amido pyrazoles: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies. J Chem Biol 2015; 8:107-18. [PMID: 26101552 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-015-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of steroidal dihydrocarbothioic acid amido pyrazole analogues were synthesized, and after characterization, evaluation for cytotoxicity, comet assay and western blotting was carried out. The synthesis of these analogues is convenient and involves two steps, i.e. aldol condensation as first step followed by nucleophilic addition of thiosemicarbazide across α, β-unsaturated carbonyl as a later step. Quantitative yields of more than 80 % are obtained in both the steps. After characterization by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS and analytical data, all the compounds of both series were tested for cytotoxic activity against a panel of different human cancer cell lines by MTT assay, during which compound 3e, 3f, 4e, 4f and 4h are very potent especially against HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Cell cycle analysis depicted the cell death in S-phase while as annexin V-FITC/PI analysis showed that compounds effectively induce apoptosis. Apoptotic degradation of DNA of MCF-7 cells in the presence of different steroidal derivatives was analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and visualized by ethidium bromide staining (comet assay). In western blotting analysis, the relative expressions of relevant apoptotic markers depicted an apoptosis by steroidal dihydropyrazole in MCF-7 cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaz Mahmood Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Gatoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
| | - Shamsuzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 India
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31
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Ajduković JJ, Penov Gaši KM, Jakimov DS, Klisurić OR, Jovanović-Šanta SS, Sakač MN, Aleksić LD, Djurendić EA. Synthesis, structural analysis and antitumor activity of novel 17α-picolyl and 17(E)-picolinylidene A-modified androstane derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1557-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Czajkowska-Szczykowska D, Jastrzebska I, Santillan R, Morzycki JW. The synthesis of disteroidal macrocyclic molecular rotors by an RCM approach. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Banday AH, Shameem SA, Jeelani S. Steroidal pyrazolines and pyrazoles as potential 5α-reductase inhibitors: synthesis and biological evaluation. Steroids 2014; 92:13-9. [PMID: 25278254 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Taking pregnenolone as the starting material, two series of pyrazolinyl and pyrazolyl pregnenolones were synthesized through different routes. The synthesis of the analogs of both series is multistep and proceeds in good overall yields. While the key step in the synthesis of pyrazolinyl pregnenolones is the heterocyclization of benzylidine derivatives (3) in presence of hydrazine hydrate, it is the condensation of 3β-hydroxy-21-hydroxymethylidenepregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one (5) with phenylhydrazine in the synthesis of pyrazolyl derivatives. Compounds of both the series were tested for their 5α-reductase inhibitory activities. Amongst all the compounds screened for their 5α-reductase inhibitory activities, compound 4b, 4c and 6b were found to be the most active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid H Banday
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
| | - Shameem A Shameem
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India
| | - Salika Jeelani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190002, India
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The immunology of pregnancy: Regulatory T cells control maternal immune tolerance toward the fetus. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Smirnova IE, Kazakova OB, Huong DTT, Minnibaeva EM, Lobov AN, Suponitsky KY. One-pot Synthesis of Hollongdione from Dipterocarpol. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A one-pot synthesis of a hybrid triterpenoid-steroid molecule, hollongdione (22,23,24,25,26,27-hexanordammar-3,20-dion), was achieved in a yield of 89%, based on the selective dehydration of dipterocarpol following ozonolysis. The structure of hollongdione was confirmed by X-ray analysis for the first time. Dammar-20(22),24(25)-dien inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain H37Rv) in vitro with a MIC of 50 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina E. Smirnova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana B. Kazakova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Do Thi Thu Huong
- Institute of Chemistry Vietnamese Academy of Sciences, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - El'za M. Minnibaeva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandr N. Lobov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ufa Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 71 Prospect Oktyabrya, 450054, Ufa, Russian Federation
| | - Kiryll Yu. Suponitsky
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilova St, V-334, 119991, GSP-1, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Banday AH, Giri AK, Parveen R, Bashir N. Design and synthesis of D-ring steroidal isoxazolines and oxazolines as potential antiproliferative agents against LNCaP, PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Steroids 2014; 87:93-8. [PMID: 24910245 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel steroidal isoxazolines and oxazolines were synthesized through different routes from dehydroepiandrosterone acetate and pregnenolone acetate, respectively. The synthesis of the analogs of both series is multistep and proceeds in good overall yields. While the key step in the synthesis of former is the cycloaddition of aromatic nitrile oxides across α,β-unsaturated olefins, it is the condensation of α,β-azidoalcohols with aromatic aldehydes in the later. Compounds of both the series were tested for their cytotoxic activities against LNCaP, PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cell lines. Amongst all the compounds of both the series screened for their prostate cancer activity, compound 6a, 6e and 12a are the most active especially against LNCaP and DU-145 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid H Banday
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
| | - Aswini K Giri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
| | - Rifat Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India
| | - Nusrat Bashir
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India
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Shamsuzzaman, Dar AM, Khanam H, Gatoo MA. Anticancer and antimicrobial evaluation of newly synthesized steroidal 5,6 fused benzothiazines. ARAB J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Banday AH, Akram SMM, Shameem SA. Benzylidine pregnenolones and their oximes as potential anticancer agents: synthesis and biological evaluation. Steroids 2014; 84:64-9. [PMID: 24699163 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study reveals the anticancer activity of benzylidine pregnenolones and their oxime derivatives. The synthesis of the analogs of both series is very simple and involves aldol condensation in the first step followed by nucleophillic addition of hydroxylamine across carbonyl in the second step. Quantitative yields of more than 80% are obtained in both the steps. All the compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against a panel of six human cancer cell lines. Amongst all the compounds of both the series screened for their cytotoxic activity, compound 3e, 3f and 4e are very potent especially against HCT-15 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid H Banday
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA.
| | - S M M Akram
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India; Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190002, India
| | - Shameem A Shameem
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar 190009, India
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Uzzaman S, Dar AM, Sohail A, Bhat S, mustafa MF, Khan Y. Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of new steroidal 4H-pyrans. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 117:493-501. [PMID: 24021949 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of new steroidal 4H-pyrans (4-6) have been synthesized from steroidal α, β-unsaturated ketones (1-3). The products (4-6) were characterized by IR, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, MS and analytical data. The interaction studies of compounds (4-6) with DNA were carried out by employing gel electrophoresis, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The gel electrophoresis pattern revealed that compounds (4-6) bind to DNA and also demonstrated that the compound 6 alone or in presence of Cu (II) causes the nicking of supercoiled pBR322. The compounds 4 and 5 bind to DNA preferentially through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions with Kb values found to be 5.3×10(3) and 3.7×10(3) M(-1), respectively, indicating the higher binding affinity of compound 4 towards DNA. The docking study suggested the intercalation of compounds in between the nucleotide base pairs. The cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the newly synthesized compounds were checked by MTT and comet assay, respectively during which compound 6 showed potential behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Uzzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002, India.
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40
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17(E)-Picolinylidene androstane derivatives as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer cell growth: Antiproliferative activity and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7257-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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41
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Lone IH, Khan KZ, Fozdar BI, Hussain F. Synthesis antimicrobial and antioxidant studies of new oximes of steroidal chalcones. Steroids 2013; 78:945-50. [PMID: 23748133 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A convenient synthesis of oximes of steroidal chalcones (4a-4j) was performed and structural assignment of the products was confirmed on the basis of IR, (1)HNMR, (13)C NMR, MS and analytical data. The synthesized compounds were screened for in vitro antioxidant activity by using DPPH method and in vitro antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains by agar diffusion method. The activity of the tested compounds against each microbe varied due to structural differences between them. Presence and position of different substituents on the benzene ring of the chalconyl pendent had a marked effect on the activity of the compounds. From the results it can be inferred that the compounds 4a-j showed significant antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity against all microbial strains used for testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiyaz H Lone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190009, J&K, India.
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42
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Fan NJ, Bai YB, Zhang FY, Luo B, Tang JJ, Zhang QZ, Gao JM. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of some novel 21E-benzylidene steroidal derivatives. Steroids 2013; 78:874-9. [PMID: 23665407 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel derivatives of 21E-benzylidene-pregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 7a-g and 21E-benzylidene-4-chloro-pregn-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 8a-g was synthesized from the commercially available progesterone. These title compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp (Artemia salina) and murine Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC). It was found that compounds 7a-g exhibited stronger activities than 8a-g against the brine shrimps, and some of the tested compounds possessed weak inhibition of LLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Juan Fan
- Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bio-Resource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Abstract
The immune system and its orchestrated response are affected by a multitude of endogenous and exogenous factors, modulators and challenges. One of the most frequent differences described in the immune response is its vigor and activity in females compared to males, leading to the consequent increase in autoimmune conditions seen in the female population as well as differences in the immune response to pathogens and viruses. The following review summarizes our present knowledge on sex differences in the immune response, detailing the hormonal and genetic effects that have been proposed as explanatory mechanisms. Sexual hormones, mostly estrogen but also progesterone and testosterone, affect immune cells quantitatively and qualitatively. Relevant research has focused on the impact of hormones on cytokine production by the different effector cells, as well as impact on immunoglobulin production by B lymphocytes and activity of granulocytes and NK cells. The biological aspects are complemented by research data on the possible modulatory role of the X chromosome. In addition to biological differences, the frequently neglected role of gender as an immunomodulator is introduced and explored. Gender affects all areas of human life and consequently affects the different steps of an immune response. Exposure to various types of antigens, access to health promotion programs and health care, as well as prioritization of health needs and household resource allocation all affect the different response of females and males to immunologic challenges.
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45
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Guo H, Zhang G, Zhang T, He X, Wu Z, Xiao Y, Pan Y, Qiu G, Liu P, Hu X. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some 16β-azolyl-3β-amino-5α-androstane derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:3662-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Sepe V, Ummarino R, D'Auria MV, Mencarelli A, D'Amore C, Renga B, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. Total synthesis and pharmacological characterization of solomonsterol A, a potent marine pregnane-X-receptor agonist endowed with anti-inflammatory activity. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4590-9. [PMID: 21599020 DOI: 10.1021/jm200241s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the identification of a novel class of pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) agonists, solomonsterols A and B, isolated from the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei. Preliminary pharmacological studies demonstrated that these natural compounds are potential leads for the treatment of human disorders characterized by dysregulation of innate immunity. In this article, we describe the first total synthesis of solomonsterol A and its in vivo characterization in animal models of colitis. Using transgenic mice expressing the human PXR, we found that administration of synthetic solomonsterol A effectively protects against development of clinical signs and symptoms of colitis and reduced the generation of TNFα, a signature cytokine for this disorder. In addition, we have provided the first evidence that solomonsterol A might act by triggering the expression of TGFβ and IL-10, potent counter-regulatory cytokines in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Finally, we have shown that solomonsterol A inhibits NF-κB activation by a PXR dependent mechanism. In summary, solomonsterol A is a marine PXR agonist that holds promise in the treatment of inflammation-driven immune dysfunction in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sepe
- Dipartimento di Chimica delle Sostanze Naturali, Università di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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47
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Guo H, Wu H, Yang J, Xiao Y, Altenbach HJ, Qiu G, Hu H, Wu Z, He X, Zhou D, Hu X. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of some 16E-arylidene androstane derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Steroids 2011; 76:709-23. [PMID: 21473874 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of new 16E-arylidene androstane derivatives were synthesized and characterized. The new compounds were screened for their anticancer activities against the human cancer cell lines SW480, A549, HepG2 and HeLa in vitro using the MTT assay. The results of the in vitro study showed that a number of compounds have shown IC(50) values lower than 20 μM against the four cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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48
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Jochems C, Islander U, Erlandsson M, Engdahl C, Lagerquist M, Ohlsson C, Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R, Carlsten H. Effects of oestradiol and raloxifene on the induction and effector phases of experimental postmenopausal arthritis and secondary osteoporosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 165:121-9. [PMID: 21501150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oestradiol and the selective oestrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene have been shown to ameliorate collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and in mice. One aim was to investigate if raloxifene exerts its anti-arthritic and anti-osteoporotic effects during the induction or effector phase of arthritis. A second aim was to analyse if raloxifene activates the oestrogen response element (ERE) to produce its immune-modulator effects. CIA or collagen-antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) was induced in ovariectomized DBA/1-mice. CIA was used for evaluation of treatment during the induction, and CAIA for the effector phase of arthritis and osteoporosis development. Raloxifene, oestradiol or vehicle was administered 5 days/week. The clinical disease was evaluated continuously. Bone marrow density (BMD) was analysed with peripheral quantitative computer tomography, paws were collected for histological examination, and sera were analysed for markers of bone and cartilage turnover and proinflammatory cytokines. Transgenic luciferase (Luc)-ERE mice were immunized with collagen (CII), and after 10 days injected once with raloxifene, oestradiol or vehicle before termination. Spleens were analysed for luciferase activity to measure ERE activation. Treatment with oestradiol or raloxifene during the induction phase of CIA failed to affect arthritis. Raloxifene did not hamper disease activity in CAIA, whereas oestradiol delayed the onset and ameliorated the severity. Both raloxifene and oestradiol preserved BMD in CAIA. CII-immunization increased the oestradiol-induced ERE activation in spleen, and raloxifene activated the ERE at about 25% the intensity of oestradiol. Further experiments are needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms behind this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jochems
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Weinberg A, Enomoto L, Marcus R, Canniff J. Effect of menstrual cycle variation in female sex hormones on cellular immunity and regulation. J Reprod Immunol 2011; 89:70-7. [PMID: 21429588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2010.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian steroid hormones reduce cell-mediated immunity (CMI), perhaps by increasing regulatory T cells. We examined the relationship of estrogen and progesterone plasma concentrations during the menstrual cycle with circulating regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and with varicella-zoster virus (VZV)-specific lymphocyte proliferation (VZV-LPA). Twenty healthy and 20 HIV-infected women were tested at 1-4, 10-14, and 20-24days of the menstrual cycle. HIV-infected women experienced significant increases in the frequency of peripheral blood CD4+IL10+ and CD8+FoxP3+ Treg cells from the early and late follicular phases to the luteal phase of their cycles. Healthy women experienced significant increases only in CD4+IL10+ Treg cells. The increase in CD4+IL10+ Treg cells between the late follicular and the luteal phases of HIV-infected and uninfected women significantly correlated with the corresponding increases in progesterone plasma concentrations. VZV-LPA results decreased from the early and late follicular phases to the luteal phase in both groups. The decrease in VZV-LPA results significantly correlated with the increase in CD4+IL10+ Treg cells underscoring the potential immunosuppressive effect of the progesterone-stimulated Treg cells. In conclusion, the increase in progesterone levels during the menstrual cycle was associated with higher Treg frequencies and lower CMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Weinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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50
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Ibrahim-Ouali M, Hamze K, Rocheblave L. Synthesis of 12-oxa, 12-aza and 12-thia cholanetriols. Steroids 2011; 76:324-30. [PMID: 21163283 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of 12-hetero steroids was achieved via a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and a photolysis as the key steps. We set out to describe in this paper the first synthesis of 12-aza steroids. The characteristic (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic features of the synthesized compounds are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malika Ibrahim-Ouali
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires de Marseille UMR 6263 CNRS, Université d'Aix Marseille III, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Saint Jérôme, Marseille, France.
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