1
|
Komaniecki G, Lin H. Lysine Fatty Acylation: Regulatory Enzymes, Research Tools, and Biological Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717503. [PMID: 34368168 PMCID: PMC8339906 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational acylation of lysine side chains is a common mechanism of protein regulation. Modification by long-chain fatty acyl groups is an understudied form of lysine acylation that has gained increasing attention recently due to the characterization of enzymes that catalyze the addition and removal this modification. In this review we summarize what has been learned about lysine fatty acylation in the approximately 30 years since its initial discovery. We report on what is known about the enzymes that regulate lysine fatty acylation and their physiological functions, including tumorigenesis and bacterial pathogenesis. We also cover the effect of lysine fatty acylation on reported substrates. Generally, lysine fatty acylation increases the affinity of proteins for specific cellular membranes, but the physiological outcome depends greatly on the molecular context. Finally, we will go over the experimental tools that have been used to study lysine fatty acylation. While much has been learned about lysine fatty acylation since its initial discovery, the full scope of its biological function has yet to be realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garrison Komaniecki
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Graduate Field of Biochemistry, Molecular, and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Udagawa K, Niki Y, Kikuchi T, Fukuhara Y, Takeda Y, Miyamoto T, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M. Overexpression of Interleukin-1α Suppresses Liver Metastasis of Lymphoma: Implications for Antitumor Effects of CD8+ T-cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:245-255. [PMID: 33559519 DOI: 10.1369/0022155421991634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 plays a key role in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis. Although IL-1 may enhance the expansion of CD8+ T-cells, the pathological contribution of IL-1-activated CD8+ T-cells to tumor metastasis remains unclear. This study used a liver metastasis model of the EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells transplanted into human IL (hIL)-1α conditional transgenic (hIL-1α cTg) mice. Overproduction of hIL-1α suppressed both macroscopic and histological liver metastasis of EL4 T-cell lymphoma. The hIL-1α-induced inflammatory state increased the number of CD8+ T-cells both within and around metastatic tumors. Moreover, larger numbers of CD8+ T-cells showed greater infiltration of liver blood vessels in hIL-1α cTg mice than in control wild-type mice. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling staining of liver tissue from hIL-1α cTg mice indicated increased apoptosis of cells in the tumor. Localization of apoptosis cells resembled that of CD8+ T-cells. In addition, cytotoxicity assay showed that CD8+ T-cell counts from tumor-bearing hIL-1α cTg mice correlated with cytotoxicity against EL4. In summary, IL-1α suppresses lymphoma metastasis, and IL-1α-activated CD8+ T-cells may play important roles in inhibiting both tumor metastasis and metastatic tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Udagawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Niki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kikuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,National Hospital Organization Murayama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Fukuhara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu H, Meng Y, Tong P, Zhang S. Pathological mechanism of joint destruction in haemophilic arthropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 48:969-974. [PMID: 33289909 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06052-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilic arthropathy (HA), caused by intra-articular haemorrhage, is one of the most common complications in patients with haemophilia. Factor replacement therapy provides missing coagulation factors to prevent children with haemophilia from joint bleeding and decreases their risk for HA. However, haemophilia patients in developing countries are still suffering from HA due to insufficient replacement therapy. Symptoms such as pain and activity limitations caused by HA seriously affect the functional abilities and quality of life of patients with HA, causing a high disability rate in the haemophilia cohort. The pathological mechanism of HA is complicated because the whole pathological mainly involves hypertrophic synovitis, osteopenia, cartilage and bone destruction, and these pathological changes occur in parallel and interact with each other. Inflammation plays an important role in the whole complex pathological process, and iron, cytokines, growth factors and other factors are involved. This review summarizes the pathological mechanism of HA to provide background for clinical and basic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haijia Zhu
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yilin Meng
- The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peijian Tong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shanxing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chan JNE, Humphry M, Kitt L, Krzyzanska D, Filbey KJ, Bennett MR, Clarke MCH. Cell surface IL-1α trafficking is specifically inhibited by interferon-γ, and associates with the membrane via IL-1R2 and GPI anchors. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1663-1675. [PMID: 32447774 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
IL-1 is a powerful cytokine that drives inflammation and modulates adaptive immunity. Both IL-1α and IL-1β are translated as proforms that require cleavage for full cytokine activity and release, while IL-1α is reported to occur as an alternative plasma membrane-associated form on many cell types. However, the existence of cell surface IL-1α (csIL-1α) is contested, how IL-1α tethers to the membrane is unknown, and signaling pathways controlling trafficking are not specified. Using a robust and fully validated system, we show that macrophages present bona fide csIL-1α after ligation of TLRs. Pro-IL-1α tethers to the plasma membrane in part through IL-1R2 or via association with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, and can be cleaved, activated, and released by proteases. csIL-1α requires de novo protein synthesis and its trafficking to the plasma membrane is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by IFN-γ, independent of expression level. We also reveal how prior csIL-1α detection could occur through inadvertent cell permeabilisation, and that senescent cells do not drive the senescent-associated secretory phenotype via csIL-1α, but rather via soluble IL-1α. We believe these data are important for determining the local or systemic context in which IL-1α can contribute to disease and/or physiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie N E Chan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melanie Humphry
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lauren Kitt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominika Krzyzanska
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kara J Filbey
- Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, The University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility, Manchester, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Murray C H Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Novák J, Vopálenský V, Pospíšek M, Vedeler A. Co-localization of Interleukin-1α and Annexin A2 at the plasma membrane in response to oxidative stress. Cytokine 2020; 133:155141. [PMID: 32615410 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and Annexin A2 (AnxA2) are pleiotropic molecules with both intracellular and extracellular roles. They share several characteristics including unconventional secretion aided by S100 proteins, anchoring of the externalized proteins at the outer surface of the plasma membrane and response to oxidative stress. Although IL-1α and AnxA2 have been implicated in a variety of biological processes, including cancer, little is known about the mechanisms of their cellular release. In the present study, employing the non-cancerous breast epithelial MCF10A cells, we demonstrate that IL-1α and AnxA2 establish a close association in response to oxidative stress. Stress conditions lead to translocation of both proteins towards lamellipodia rich in vimentin and association of full-length IL-1α and Tyr23 phosphorylated AnxA2 with the plasma membrane at peripheral sites depleted of F-actin. Notably, membrane-associated IL-1α and AnxA2 preferentially localize to the outer edges of the MCF10A cell islands, suggesting that the two proteins participate in the communication of these epithelial cells with their neighboring cells. Similarly, in U2OS osteosarcoma cell line both endogenous IL-1α and transiently produced IL-1α/EGFP associate with the plasma membrane. While benign MFC10A cells present membrane-associated IL-1α and AnxA2 at the edges of their cell islands, the aggressive cancerous U2OS cells communicate in such manner also with distant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Novák
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Václav Vopálenský
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pospíšek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anni Vedeler
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Decoy Receptor 3 Promotes Preosteoclast Cell Death via Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Fas Ligand Expression and the IL-1 α/IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Pathway. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1237281. [PMID: 32587467 PMCID: PMC7303756 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1237281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is a potent cytokine that plays a role in inflammatory arthritis and bone loss. Decoy receptor 3 (DCR3) is an immune modulator of monocytes and macrophages. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of DCR3 in IL-1α-induced osteoclastogenesis. Methods We treated murine macrophages with DCR3 during receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa Β ligand- (RANKL-) plus IL-1α-induced osteoclastogenesis to monitor osteoclast formation by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. Osteoclast activity was assessed using a pit formation assay. The mechanisms of inhibition were studied by biochemical analyses, including RT-PCR, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry, an apoptosis assay, immunoblotting, and ELISA. Results DCR3 suppresses IL-1α-induced osteoclastogenesis in both primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) and RAW264.7 cells as it inhibits bone resorption. DCR3 induces RANKL-treated osteoclast precursor cells to express IL-1α, secretory IL-1ra (sIL-1ra), intracellular IL-1ra (icIL-1ra), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Fas ligand and to activate IL-1α-induced interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4 (IRAK4). The suppression of DCR3 during RANKL- or IL-1α-induced osteoclastogenesis may be due to the abundant secretion of IL-1ra, accumulation of ROS, and expression of Fas ligand in apoptotic osteoclast precursor cells. Conclusions We concluded that there is an inhibitory effect of DCR3 on osteoclastogenesis via ROS accumulation and ROS-induced Fas ligand, IL-1α, and IL-1ra expression. Our results suggested that the upregulation of DCR3 in preosteoclasts might be a therapeutic target in inflammatory IL-1α-induced bone resorption.
Collapse
|
7
|
Norooznezhad F, Rodriguez-Merchan EC, Asadi S, Norooznezhad AH. Curcumin: hopeful treatment of hemophilic arthropathy via inhibition of inflammation and angiogenesis. Expert Rev Hematol 2019; 13:5-11. [PMID: 31657968 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2020.1685867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Hemophilic arthropathy (HA) is a serious complication among hemophilic patients causing a wide range of morbidity due to the inflammatory reactions followed by repeated episodes of bleeding. This condition has recently been shown to be accompanied by angiogenesis. The cascade starts with iron accumulation leading to an increase in CD68+ and CD11b+ cells responsible for initiating the inflammation.Areas covered: During inflammation, different factors and cytokines such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) actively play parts in the pathogenesis of HA and also angiogenesis. It has been demonstrated that different pro-angiogenic and angiogenic factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are also important in the pathogenesis of HA. Curcumin is known for its strong anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic potentials. This agent is able to inhibit the mentioned inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, VEGF, MMPs, and HIF-1α. Also, as well as anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activity, curcumin has a strong antioxidant potential and can decrease oxidative stress.Expert opinion: It seems that curcumin could be considered as a possible agent for the treatment of HA through inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Norooznezhad
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Soheila Asadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huimin D, Hui C, Guowei S, Shouyun X, Junyang P, Juncheng W. Protective effect of betulinic acid on Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22373. [PMID: 31364231 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of betulinic acid (BA) on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. The rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (AA) was established by Freund's complete adjuvant. Arthritis index, joint pathology, toe swelling, hemorheology, related cytokines and ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway were measured in rats. BA can significantly inhibit the arthritis index, improve joint pathology, reduce toe swelling, improve blood rheology, improve synovial cell apoptosis, and restore related cytokine negative regulation of ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathways. BA has an obvious therapeutic effect on joint inflammation of toes in AA model rats, which may be due to the regulation of ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Huimin
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Hui
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shen Guowei
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Shouyun
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Junyang
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Juncheng
- Department of Orthopedics, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Interleukin-1α as an intracellular alarmin in cancer biology. Semin Immunol 2018; 38:3-14. [PMID: 30554608 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
10
|
Iwatake A, Murakami A, Ebihara N. The expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in corneal fibroblasts by alarmins from necrotic corneal epithelial cells. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2017; 62:92-100. [PMID: 29094325 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-017-0541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sterile ulceration is frequently observed in the cornea following persistent corneal epithelial damage. We examined the effect of alarmins released by necrotic corneal epithelial cells (HCE) on the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) by corneal fibroblasts. METHODS IL-1α and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) released into the supernatant derived from necrotic HCE cells were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MMPs and TIMPs produced by corneal fibroblasts, stimulated with the supernatant from necrotic HCE cells, were analyzed and measured with protein array and ELISA. To investigate dynamic expression of alarmins in the corneal epithelium, we used immunohistochemistry to observe the expression of human IL-1α in the corneal epithelium of human IL-1α Tg mice with or without cryopexy. We also investigated the expression of MMPs in corneal stroma of the mice treated with cryopexy, using RT-PCR. RESULTS We detected IL-1α and HMGB-1 in the supernatant of necrotic HCE cells. These supernatants increased the expression of MMP-3 and MMP-1, and decreased that of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in human corneal fibroblasts. Almost always these were inhibited by IL-1 receptor antagonist. Recombinant IL-1α increased the production MMP-3 and MMP-1 in corneal fibroblasts. After cryopexy of the epithelium of human IL-1α Tg mice, the expression of human IL-1α was recognized in the cytoplasm but not nucleus of epithelial cells. The level of MMP-3 and MMP-1 mRNAs was elevated in the corneal stroma in mice treated with cryopexy. CONCLUSION Alarmins, especially IL-1α, released from necrotic HCE cells may play an important role in the expression of MMPs and TIMPs by corneal fibroblast, resulting in sterile ulceration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Iwatake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Murakami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Ebihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gou KJ, Zeng R, Dong Y, Hu QQ, Hu HWY, Maffucci KG, Dou QL, Yang QB, Qin XH, Qu Y. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Polygonum orientale L. Extracts. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:562. [PMID: 28912714 PMCID: PMC5582316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose:Polygonum orientale L. (family: Polygonaceae), named Hongcao in China, is a Traditional Chinese Medicinal and has long been used for rheumatic arthralgia and rheumatoid arthritis. However, no pharmacological and mechanism study to confirm these clinic effects have been published. In this investigation, the anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects and representative active ingredient compounds of P. orientale have been studied. Methods: Dried small pieces of the stems and leaves of P. orientale were decocted with water and partitioned successively to obtain ethyl acetate and ethyl ether extract of P. orientale (POEa and POEe). Chemical compositions of them were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of POEa and POEe were evaluated using xylene induced ear edema, carrageenan induced paw edema, Freunds' complete adjuvant induced arthritis, and formaldehyde induced pain in rat. Their mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were also studied via assays of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 in serum. Results: UPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS analysis showed that POEa and POEe mainly contained flavonoids including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, luteolin, and quercetin. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of POEa and POEe were evident in xylene induced ear edema. The paw edema in Freund's complete adjuvant and carrageenan were significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) inhibited by POEa (5, 7.5 g/kg). POEe (7.5 g/kg) was significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) inhibited Freunds' complete adjuvant induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma formation. Similarly, POEe significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) inhibited the pain sensation in acetic acid induced writhing test. POEa (5, 7.5 g/kg) significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) inhibited formaldehyde induced pain in both phases. POEa (7.5 g/kg) markedly (P < 0.05) prolonged the latency period of hot plate test after 30 and 60 min. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased by POEa (3.75, 5 g/kg). Conclusion: POEa and POEe have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which was mainly relevant to the presence of flavonoids, including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, luteolin, and quercetin. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of POEa may be to decrease the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jun Gou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest University for NationalitiesChengdu, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Qi-Qi Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Huang-Wan-Yin Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | | | - Qi-Ling Dou
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Guizhou, China
| | - Qing-Bo Yang
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Guizhou, China
| | - Xu-Hua Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Yan Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ting Z, Hongyan L, Suling W, Luqi H. WITHDRAWN: Anti-arthritic effect of pilose antler peptide on adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017:S0141-8130(17)31417-4. [PMID: 28688946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Ting
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Long Hongyan
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China
| | - Wu Suling
- Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210001, China.
| | - Huang Luqi
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wenjin C, Jianwei W. Protective Effect of Gentianine, a compound from Du Huo Ji Sheng Tang, against Freund’s Complete Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis in Rats. Inflammation 2017; 40:1401-1408. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0583-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
14
|
Sajid M, Khan MR, Shah SA, Majid M, Ismail H, Maryam S, Batool R, Younis T. Investigations on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Alnus nitida Spach (Endl). stem bark in Sprague Dawley rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:407-416. [PMID: 28119101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stem bark of Alnus nitida (Spach) Endl. (family Betulaceae) is used by local communities in northern areas of Pakistan as a remedy for swelling, injuries and pain. However no pharmacological study of this plant has been reported to confirm these activities. In this study anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of A. nitida stem bark have been evaluated. METHODS Powder of the stem bark of A. nitida was extracted with methanol (ANBM) and partitioned in escalating polarity to get the n-hexane (ANBH), chloroform (ANBC), ethyl acetate (ANBE) and the residual soluble aqueous (ANBA) fractions. The methanol extract and derived fractions were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by using in vitro heat induced albumin denaturation assay and various in vivo assays; carrageenan-induced hind paw edema method, Freunds' complete adjuvant induced arthritis, histamine induced paw edema and xylene induced ear edema in Sprague Dawley rat. The extracts/fractions were also evaluated for analgesic effects by using hot plate analgesic test and acetic acid induced writhing test in rat. The ANBM composition was analyzed by HPLC-DAD and GC-MS analysis. RESULTS Results of heat induced albumin denaturation activity indicated that among the extract/fractions ANBC at concentration range of 100-500µg/ml remarkably protected the heat induced albumin denaturation. The pretreatment with ANBC significantly reduced the carrageenan induced edema with 90.81±1.6% after 4h, comparing with 86.63±3.42% reduction produced by the reference drug diclofenac potassium. Histopathological alterations of the gastric and hind paw were decreased with the extract/fractions. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of ANBC were evident in Freunds' complete adjuvant induced arthritis, histamine induced paw edema and xylene induced ear edema. The latency time in hot plate analgesic assay with ANBC (61.59±0.38%) after 90min was comparable to standard drug morphine (69.31±2.67%) and aspirin (67.24±2.08%). Similarly ANBC significantly (p<0.01) inhibited the pain sensation in acetic acid induced writhing test in rat. HPLC-DAD analysis of ANBM indicated the presence of gallic acid, catechin and rutin while the GC-MS analysis of ANBM indicated the presence of 30 compounds predominantly of neophytadiene, 3,7,11,15 tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, phytol, vitamin E and linalool. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested that the presence of polyphenols, sterols, terpenoids and other constituents might contributed towards the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the crude methanol extract of A. nitida bark and its derived fractions. This study endorsed the folklore use of A. nitida bark for inflammation related disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moniba Sajid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rashid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Majid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gujrat, 50700 Gujrat, Pakistan.
| | - Sonia Maryam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Riffat Batool
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Tahira Younis
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Alves CH, Farrell E, Vis M, Colin EM, Lubberts E. Animal Models of Bone Loss in Inflammatory Arthritis: from Cytokines in the Bench to Novel Treatments for Bone Loss in the Bedside-a Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2016; 51:27-47. [PMID: 26634933 PMCID: PMC4961736 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-015-8522-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Throughout life, bone is continuously remodelled. Bone is formed by osteoblasts, from mesenchymal origin, while osteoclasts induce bone resorption. This process is tightly regulated. During inflammation, several growth factors and cytokines are increased inducing osteoclast differentiation and activation, and chronic inflammation is a condition that initiates systemic bone loss. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory auto-immune disease that is characterised by active synovitis and is associated with early peri-articular bone loss. Peri-articular bone loss precedes focal bone erosions, which may progress to bone destruction and disability. The incidence of generalised osteoporosis is associated with the severity of arthritis in RA and increased osteoporotic vertebral and hip fracture risk. In this review, we will give an overview of different animal models of inflammatory arthritis related to RA with focus on bone erosion and involvement of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, a humanised endochondral ossification model will be discussed, which can be used in a translational approach to answer osteoimmunological questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Henrique Alves
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Farrell
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Special Dental Care and Orthodontics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marijn Vis
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edgar M Colin
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, ZGT Almelo, Zilvermeeuw 1, 7600 SZ, Almelo, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Lubberts
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Wytemaweg 80, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Di Paolo NC, Shafiani S, Day T, Papayannopoulou T, Papayannoupoulou T, Russell DW, Iwakura Y, Sherman D, Urdahl K, Shayakhmetov DM. Interdependence between Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Regulates TNF-Dependent Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Immunity 2016; 43:1125-36. [PMID: 26682985 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) is critical for host resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), yet the mechanisms of IL-1RI-mediated pathogen control remain unclear. Here, we show that without IL-1RI, Mtb-infected newly recruited Ly6G(hi) myeloid cells failed to upregulate tumor necrosis factor receptor I (TNF-RI) and to produce reactive oxygen species, resulting in compromised pathogen control. Furthermore, simultaneous ablation of IL-1RI and TNF-RI signaling on either stroma or hematopoietic cells led to early lethality, indicating non-redundant and synergistic roles of IL-1 and TNF in mediating macrophage-stroma cross-talk that was critical for optimal control of Mtb infection. Finally, we show that even in the presence of functional Mtb-specific adaptive immunity, the lack of IL-1α and not IL-1β led to an exuberant intracellular pathogen replication and progressive non-resolving inflammation. Our study reveals functional interdependence between IL-1 and TNF in enabling Mtb control mechanisms that are critical for host survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson C Di Paolo
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Shahin Shafiani
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tracey Day
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Thalia Papayannoupoulou
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David W Russell
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - David Sherman
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kevin Urdahl
- Center for Infectious Disease Research (formerly Seattle Biomedical Research Institute), Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dmitry M Shayakhmetov
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Center for Transplantation and Immuno-mediated Disorders, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center and Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pecaut MJ, Mehrotra S, Luo-Owen X, Bayeta EJM, Bellinger DL, Gridley DS. Chlorisondamine, a sympathetic ganglionic blocker, moderates the effects of whole-body irradiation (WBI) on early host defense to a live bacterial challenge. Immunol Lett 2015; 167:103-15. [PMID: 26235133 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing consensus that long-term deficits in the brain are due to dynamic interactions between multiple neural and immune cell types. Specifically, radiation induces an inflammatory response, including changes in neuromodulatory pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine secretion. The purpose of this study was to establish that there is sympathetic involvement in radiation-induced decrements early in in vivo immune function host defense. Female, 8-9 week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed to whole-body irradiation (WBI). There were 8 groups with radiation (0 vs. 3 Gy protons), immune challenge (Escherichia coli) and exposure to the sympathetic ganglionic blocker, chlorisondamine (1 mg/kg weight, i.p.), as independent variables. Ten days post-irradiation, mice were inoculated with E. coli intraperitoneally and sacrificed 90-120 min later. The data suggest that radiation-induced changes in immune function may in part be mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. Briefly, we found that radiation augments the bacteria-induced inflammatory cytokine response, particularly those cytokines involved in innate immunity. However, this augmentation can be reduced by the ganglionic blockade.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Pecaut
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States; Division of Radiation Research, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States; Division of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States.
| | - Shalini Mehrotra
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| | - Xian Luo-Owen
- Division of Trauma Services, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| | - Erben J M Bayeta
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| | - Denise L Bellinger
- Department of Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| | - Daila S Gridley
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States; Division of Radiation Research, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States; Division of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Loma Linda University and Medical Center, Loma Linda, 92354 CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Afonina I, Müller C, Martin S, Beyaert R. Proteolytic Processing of Interleukin-1 Family Cytokines: Variations on a Common Theme. Immunity 2015; 42:991-1004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
19
|
The synovio-entheseal complex in enthesoarthritis. Clin Exp Med 2015; 16:109-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10238-015-0341-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
20
|
Lacy SE, Wu C, Ambrosi DJ, Hsieh CM, Bose S, Miller R, Conlon DM, Tarcsa E, Chari R, Ghayur T, Kamath RV. Generation and characterization of ABT-981, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig(TM)) molecule that specifically and potently neutralizes both IL-1α and IL-1β. MAbs 2015; 7:605-19. [PMID: 25764208 PMCID: PMC4622731 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1026501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) cytokines such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1Ra contribute to immune regulation and inflammatory processes by exerting a wide range of cellular responses, including expression of cytokines and chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and nitric oxide synthetase. IL-1α and IL-1β bind to IL-1R1 complexed to the IL-1 receptor accessory protein and induce similar physiological effects. Preclinical and clinical studies provide significant evidence for the role of IL-1 in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), including cartilage degradation, bone sclerosis, and synovial proliferation. Here, we describe the generation and characterization of ABT-981, a dual variable domain immunoglobulin (DVD-Ig) of the IgG1/k subtype that specifically and potently neutralizes IL-1α and IL-1β. In ABT-981, the IL-1β variable domain resides in the outer domain of the DVD-Ig, whereas the IL-1α variable domain is located in the inner position. ABT-981 specifically binds to IL-1α and IL-1β, and is physically capable of binding 2 human IL-1α and 2 human IL-1β molecules simultaneously. Single-dose intravenous and subcutaneous pharmacokinetics studies indicate that ABT-981 has a half-life of 8.0 to 10.4 d in cynomolgus monkey and 10.0 to 20.3 d in rodents. ABT-981 exhibits suitable drug-like-properties including affinity, potency, specificity, half-life, and stability for evaluation in human clinical trials. ABT-981 offers an exciting new approach for the treatment of OA, potentially addressing both disease modification and symptom relief as a disease-modifying OA drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Lacy
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Global Biologics; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Chengbin Wu
- Shanghai CP Guojian Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Sahana Bose
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Global Biologics; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Renee Miller
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Global Biologics; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Donna M Conlon
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Immunology Pharmacology; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Edit Tarcsa
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; DMPK-BA; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Ravi Chari
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Drug Product Development; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Tariq Ghayur
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Global Biologics; Worcester, MA USA
| | - Rajesh V Kamath
- AbbVie Bioresearch Center; Foundational Immunology; Worcester, MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang L, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yu D, Yin Y, Xie Z, Yuan Y. Effects of cichoric acid extract from Echinacea purpurea on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2014; 42:679-92. [PMID: 24871659 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x1450044x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cichoric acid extract (CAE) from Echinacea purpurea L. was used to investigate the anti-arthritic effect by using collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. The hind paw swelling volume and the body weight were measured and recorded. All the drug solutions were administered orally to rats for a total of 28 days. On day 28, the rats were anaesthetized and decapitated. The thymus and spleen were weighed for the determination of the organ index. The concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) in the serum was measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Total and phosphor-NF-κB and Cox-2 protein expression in synovial tissues were determined by histological slides quantification and western blot analysis. Our data showed that administration of all doses of CAE (8, 16, and 32 mg/kg) significantly decreased the paw swelling, restored body weight gain and decreased the organ index of the thymus and spleen compared with that of the CIA group. CAE (8, 16, and 32 mg/kg) treatment significantly reduced the levels of TNFα, IL-1β and PGE-2 in serum compared with the CIA group. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that CAE has obvious anti-arthritic activity. In addition, CAE (32 mg/kg) significantly decreased the levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), TNFα and cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) in synovium tissues of the ankle joint compared with the CIA group. Furthermore, CAE administration significantly decreased the protein expression of phosphor-NF-κB and Cox-2 in synovium tissues of the knee joint compared with the CIA group. The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of CAE may account for its anti-arthritic effect, and CAE could be a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bose M, Chakraborty M, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharjee P, Mandal S, Kar M, Mishra R. Suppression of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and tumor necrosis factor-αbyPongamia pinnataseed extract in adjuvant-induced arthritis. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 11:222-30. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.824931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
23
|
Baicalin inhibits IL-17-mediated joint inflammation in murine adjuvant-induced arthritis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:268065. [PMID: 23840239 PMCID: PMC3694363 DOI: 10.1155/2013/268065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
T-helper-17 (Th17) cells are implicated in a number of inflammatory disorders including rheumatoid arthritis. Antagonism of Th17 cells is a treatment option for arthritis. Here, we report that Baicalin, a compound isolated from the Chinese herb Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), relieved ankle swelling and protected the joint against inflammatory destruction in a murine adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Baicalin inhibited splenic Th17 cell population expansion in vivo. Baicalin prevented interleukin- (IL-) 17-mediated lymphocyte adhesion to cultured synoviocytes. Baicalin also blocked IL-17-induced intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression in cultured synoviocytes. Collectively, these findings suggest that Baicalin downregulates the joint inflammation caused by IL-17, which is likely produced by an expanded population of splenic Th17 cells in experimental arthritis. Baicalin might be a promising novel therapeutic agent for treating rheumatoid arthritis in humans.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hardy RS, Hülso C, Liu Y, Gasparini SJ, Fong-Yee C, Tu J, Stoner S, Stewart PM, Raza K, Cooper MS, Seibel MJ, Zhou H. Characterisation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from a murine model of joint inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther 2013; 15:R24. [PMID: 23363614 PMCID: PMC3672796 DOI: 10.1186/ar4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a central role in defining the stromal environment in inflammatory joint diseases. Despite a growing use of FLS isolated from murine inflammatory models, a detailed characterisation of these cells has not been performed. Methods In this study, FLS were isolated from inflamed joints of mice expressing both the T cell receptor transgene KRN and the MHC class II molecule Ag7 (K/BxN mice) and their purity in culture determined by immunofluorescence and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). Basal expression of proinflammatory genes was determined by real-time RT-PCR. Secreted interleukin 6 (IL-6) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and its regulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α and corticosterone (the major glucocorticoid in rodents) measured relative to other mesenchymal cell populations. Results Purity of FLS culture was identified by positive expression of fibronectin, prolyl 4-hydroxylase, cluster of differentiation 90.2 (CD90.2) and 248 (CD248) in greater than 98% of the population. Cultured FLS were able to migrate and invade through matrigel, a process enhanced in the presence of TNF-α. FLS isolated from K/BxN mice possessed significantly greater basal expression of the inflammatory markers IL-6, chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) when compared to FLS isolated from non-inflamed tissue (IL-6, 3.6 fold; CCL-2, 11.2 fold; VCAM-1, 9 fold; P < 0.05). This elevated expression was abrogated in the presence of corticosterone at 100 nmol/l. TNF-α significantly increased expression of all inflammatory markers to a much greater degree in K/BxN FLS relative to other mesenchymal cell lines (K/BxN; IL-6, 40.8 fold; CCL-2, 1343.2 fold; VCAM-1, 17.8 fold; ICAM-1, 13.8 fold; P < 0.05), with secreted IL-6 mirroring these results (K/BxN; con, 169 ± 29.7 versus TNF-α, 923 ± 378.8 pg/ml/1 × 105 cells; P < 0.05). Dose response experiments confirmed effective concentrations between 10 and 100 nmol/l for corticosterone and 1 and 10 ng/ml for TNF-α, whilst inflammatory gene expression in FLS was shown to be stable between passages four and seven. Conclusions This study has established a well characterised set of key inflammatory genes for in vitro FLS culture, isolated from K/BxN mice and non-inflamed wild-type controls. Their response to both pro- and anti-inflammatory signalling has been assessed and shown to strongly resemble that which is seen in human FLS culture. Additionally, this study provides guidelines for the effective characterisation, duration and treatment of murine FLS culture.
Collapse
|
25
|
Li R, Cai L, Xie XF, Peng L, Wu TN, Li J. 7,3′-dimethoxy hesperetin inhibits inflammation by inducing synovial apoptosis in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 35:139-46. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.723010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
26
|
Nielsen CH, Bendtzen K. Immunoregulation by naturally occurring and disease-associated autoantibodies : binding to cytokines and their role in regulation of T-cell responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 750:116-32. [PMID: 22903670 PMCID: PMC7123141 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3461-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The role of naturally occurring autoantibodies (NAbs) in homeostasis and in disease manifestations is poorly understood. In the present chapter, we review how NAbs may interfere with the cytokine network and how NAbs, through formation of complement-activating immune complexes with soluble self-antigens, may promote the uptake and presentation of self-molecules by antigen-presenting cells. Both naturally occurring and disease-associated autoantibodies against a variety of cytokines have been reported, including NAbs against interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, macrophage chemotactic protein-1 and IL-21. NAbs against a variety of other self-antigens have also been reported, and using thyroglobulin as an example we discuss how NAbs are capable of promoting uptake of immune complexes via complement receptors and Fc-receptors on antigen-presenting cells and thereby regulate T-cell activity. Knowledge of the influence of NAbs against cytokines on immune homeostasis is likely to have wide-ranging implications both in understanding pathogenesis and in treatment of many immunoinflammatory disorders, including a number of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Inflammasome activation and IL-1β target IL-1α for secretion as opposed to surface expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:18055-60. [PMID: 22006336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1109176108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and -β both bind to the same IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) and are potent proinflammatory cytokines. Production of proinflammatory (pro)-IL-1α and pro-IL-1β is induced by Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated NF-κB activation. Additional stimulus involving activation of the inflammasome and caspase-1 is required for proteolytic cleavage and secretion of mature IL-1β. The regulation of IL-1α maturation and secretion, however, remains elusive. IL-1α exists as a cell surface-associated form and as a mature secreted form. Here we show that both forms of IL-1α, the surface and secreted form, are differentially regulated. Surface IL-1α requires NF-κB activation only, whereas secretion of mature IL-1α requires additional activation of the inflammasome and caspase-1. Surprisingly, secretion of IL-1α also required the presence of IL-1β, as demonstrated in IL-1β-deficient mice. We further demonstrate that IL-1β directly binds IL-1α, thus identifying IL-1β as a shuttle for another proinflammatory cytokine. These results have direct impact on selective treatment modalities of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu M, Mao W, Guan H, Li L, Wei B, Li P. Effects of taurochenodeoxycholic acid on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 11:2150-8. [PMID: 21983642 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA) is one of the main bioactive substances of animals' bile acid. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-arthritic effects and potential mechanism of TCDCA on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was used to induce AA in rats. Paw swelling, index of thymus and spleen and body weight growth rate were measured, and polyarthritis index and radiologic changes were observed. The production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was detected by ELISA in serum and synoviocytes. mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 was determined by real-time RT-PCR in synovium tissue and synoviocytes. In both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment, TCDCA significantly suppressed paw swelling and polyarthritis index, increased the loss body weight and index of thymus and spleen, and amended radiologic changes in AA rats. The overproduction and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were remarkably suppressed in serum and synovium tissue of all TCDCA-treated rats, however, IL-10 was markedly increased in prophylactic treatment. In a definite concentration ranging from 300 μg/mL to 500 μg/mL, TCDCA showed marked inhibition in the overproduction and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in synoviocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, but opposite action on IL-10. In conclusion, treatment with TCDCA confers a good anti-adjuvant arthritis activity in rats, which its reparative effects could be mediated via reduction of the protein and mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and augment of IL-10 in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Braun T, Zwerina J. Positive regulators of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:235. [PMID: 21861862 PMCID: PMC3239343 DOI: 10.1186/ar3380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone destruction is a frequent and clinically serious event in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Local joint destruction can cause joint instability and often necessitates reconstructive or replacement surgery. Moreover, inflammation-induced systemic bone loss is associated with an increased fracture risk. Bone resorption is a well-controlled process that is dependent on the differentiation of monocytes to bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Infiltrating as well as resident synovial cells, such as T cells, monocytes and synovial fibroblasts, have been identified as sources of osteoclast differentiation signals in RA patients. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are amongst the most important mechanisms driving this process. In particular, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, RANKL, TNF, IL-1 and IL-17 may play dominant roles in the pathogenesis of arthritis-associated bone loss. These cytokines activate different intracellular pathways to initiate osteoclast differentiation. Thus, over the past years several promising targets for the treatment of arthritic bone destruction have been defined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Braun
- Department of Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, 91054 Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yan D, Han W, Bai Q, Zhao X, Han X, Du B, Zhu X. Prostaglandin E(2) binding peptide screened by phage displaying: a new therapeutic strategy in rheumatoid arthritis. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:75. [PMID: 21569552 PMCID: PMC3112423 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of the mimotope of PGE2 receptor EP4 (PBP, named by our team) screened by phage displaying technique in the treatment of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA). Methods Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis was induced in Wistar rats. At the first clinical sign of disease, mice were given with daily injections of PBP or saline for 21 days. Disease progression was monitored by measurement of paw swelling. Inflammation and joint destruction were assessed histologically. The IL-1β and TNF-α were studied by ELISA in the ankle steeps of arthritis model. The degree of proliferation and apoptosis of synoviocytes of RA patients were assessed by CCK-8 kit and AnnexinⅤ-FITC/PI respectively. Results PBP-treated animals displayed significantly less cartilage and bone destruction than model controls. Tumor necrosis factor α and IL-1β expression were reduced after PBP treatment. The proliferation and apoptosis of synoviocytes of RA patients were influenced by PBP. Conclusions The data support the view that PBP is a potential therapy for RA that may help to diminish both joint inflammation and destruction. And the activities of PBP are related with the effect on synoviocytes directly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yan
- Department of Immunology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sun X, Liu YH, Lv ZY, Yang LL, Hu SM, Zheng HQ, Hu W, Cao JP, Fung MQ, Wu ZD. rSj16, a recombinant protein of Schistosoma japonicum-derived molecule, reduces severity of the complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis in rats' model. Parasite Immunol 2011; 32:739-48. [PMID: 21039614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2010.01240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Sj16, a 16-kDa protein produced by Schistosoma japonicum, has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory effect. However, the possible mechanism of these phenomena has not been discovered. Here, we tried to touch it with arthritis rats' model induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). A set of pathogenic characters were observed in CFA-treated rat, including local and systematic read-out, which showed the model successfully set up. After administration of rSj16 (recombinant Sj16) in vivo, paw swelling reduced significantly and in a dose-dependent manner, the level of TNF-α, IL-1β and NO decreased and IL-10 in the serum increased. In vitro, rSj16 reversed the augmented surface expression of CD80, CD86, CD54 and OX6 induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), whereas endocytotic capacity of rSj16-treated dendritic cell (DC) was profoundly increased. IL-12p70 released from rSj16-treated BMDC was decreased but IL-10 increased. Further, following incubation with rSj16 primed BMDCs, the sensitized T cells exhibited increased production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 and IL-4 and decreased production of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ. Collectively, these results implied that rSj16 alleviated CFA-induced arthritis, and the possible mechanisms may be its interruption of maturation and function of DCs. rSj16 could be a potential therapeutic agent against rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Sun
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Karmakar S, Kay J, Gravallese EM. Bone damage in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanistic insights and approaches to prevention. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2010; 36:385-404. [PMID: 20510240 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), cells within the inflamed synovium and pannus elaborate a variety of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-17, that contribute to inflammation, and may directly affect bone. The receptor activator of NF-kappaB (RANK) ligand/RANK/osteoprotegerin pathway plays a critical role in regulating osteoclastogenesis in articular bone erosions in RA. Proinflammatory cytokines can modulate this pathway, and may also affect the ability of the osteoblast to repair bone at sites of articular erosion. In this review, the authors discuss the current understanding of pathogenic mechanisms of bone erosion in RA and examine current therapeutic approaches to prevent this damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sougata Karmakar
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Lazare Research Building, Suite 223, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
White blood cell infiltration across an activated brain endothelium contributes to neurologic disease, including cerebral ischemia and multiple sclerosis. Identifying mechanisms of cerebrovascular activation is therefore critical to our understanding of brain disease. Platelet accumulation in microvessels of ischemic mouse brain was associated with endothelial activation in vivo. Mouse platelets expressed interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), but not IL-1beta, induced endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1), and enhanced the release of CXC chemokine CXCL1 when incubated with primary cultures of brain endothelial cells from wild-type or IL-1alpha/beta-deficient mice. A neutralizing antibody to IL-1alpha (but not IL-1beta) or application of IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibited platelet-induced endothelial activation by more than 90%. Platelets from IL-1alpha/beta-deficient mice did not induce expression of adhesion molecules in cerebrovascular endothelial cells and did not promote CXCL1 release in vitro. Conditioned medium from activated platelets induced an IL-1alpha-dependent activation of mouse brain endothelial cells and supported the transendothelial migration of neutrophils in vitro. Thus, we have identified platelets as a key source of IL-1alpha and propose that platelet activation of brain endothelium via IL-1alpha is a critical step for the entry of white blood cells, major contributors to inflammation-mediated injury in the brain.
Collapse
|
34
|
Li R, Cai L, Xie XF, Yang F, Li J. Hesperidin suppresses adjuvant arthritis in rats by inhibiting synoviocyte activity. Phytother Res 2009; 24 Suppl 1:S71-6. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
35
|
Liu YL, Lin HM, Zou R, Wu JC, Han R, Raymond LN, Reid PF, Qin ZH. Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:219-27. [PMID: 19169271 PMCID: PMC4002463 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2008.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Cobratoxin (CTX), the long-chain alpha-neurotoxin from Thailand cobra venom, has been demonstrated to have analgesic action in rodent pain models. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of CTX on adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats. METHODS Arthritis was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. Paw swelling and hyperalgesia of AA rats were measured at various times after CFA administration. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels in serum were determined with ELISA. Histopathological changes in synoviocytes were examined under a microscope. Involvement of the cholinergic system in the effects of CTX was examined by pretreatment of animals with the alpha(7) nicotinic receptor (alpha(7)-nAChR) antagonist methyllycaconitine (MLA). RESULTS CFA induced marked paw swelling and reduced thresholds of mechanical and cold-induced paw withdrawal. The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1 and IL-2 in the serum of AA rats were increased, whereas the level of IL-10 was decreased. Histopathological examination of synoviocytes showed pronounced inflammation and accumulation of collagen. The administration of CTX (17.0 microg/kg, ip) significantly reduced paw swelling and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. CTX also reduced the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-2 but increased the production of IL-10 and altered pathohistological changes. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of CTX was significantly reduced by MLA (3 mg/kg, sc). CONCLUSION These results indicate that CTX has a beneficial effect on CFA-induced arthritis by modulating the production of inflammatory cytokines. alpha(7)-nAChR appears to mediate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of CTX.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-li Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hai-ming Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jun-chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| | | | | | - Zheng-hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease that predominantly affects the sacroiliac joints and spine. Its pathophysiology remains one of the most vexing enigmas of rheumatology. However, new insights have been provided by the recent identification of susceptibility genes other than HLA-B27; evidence of a pivotal role for several proinflammatory cytokines including interleukins 23 and 17; and the recognition that inflammation and structural progression proceed separately from each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao Pham
- Service de Rhumatologie, CHU Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005 Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
The contribution of genes outside the major histocompatibility complex to susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008; 20:384-91. [PMID: 18525349 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0b013e32830460fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent data have presented several new nonmajor histocompatibility complex genes in predisposition to ankylosing spondylitis, which will be summarized here. RECENT FINDINGS A retrospective meta-analysis of three previous whole genome linkage scans confirmed a strong linkage at chromosome 16q and moderate linkage at sites on chromosomes 3, 10, and 19q, and a meta-analysis of studies of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) region genes in ankylosing spondylitis suggested the susceptibility to be conferred by the IL-1A gene. More recently, the use of genotyping chips, derived from the International Hapmap resource, which provides an extensive genomic coverage of large disease cohorts, have made it possible to conduct successful genome-wide association studies. One such study has led to the identification and validation of two new genes, IL23R and ARTS1, in ankylosing spondylitis pathogenesis. SUMMARY A tremendous amount of progress has been made with respect to understanding the genetic basis of ankylosing spondylitis. The recent identification of two new genes, ARTS1 and IL23R, and confirmation of IL-1A association further substantiate that ankylosing spondylitis is determined to a large extent by genes outside the major histocompatibility complex.
Collapse
|
38
|
Comprehensive association study of genetic variants in the IL-1 gene family in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Genes Immun 2008; 9:349-57. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2008.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
Manzer R, Dinarello CA, McConville G, Mason RJ. Ozone exposure of macrophages induces an alveolar epithelial chemokine response through IL-1alpha. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 38:318-23. [PMID: 17901407 PMCID: PMC2258451 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0250oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone is known to produce an acute influx of neutrophils, and alveolar epithelial cells can secrete chemokines and modulate inflammatory processes. However, direct exposure of alveolar epithelial cells and macrophages to ozone (O(3)) produces little chemokine response. To determine if cell-cell interactions might be responsible, we investigated the effect of alveolar macrophage-conditioned media after ozone exposure (MO(3)CM) on alveolar epithelial cell chemokine production. Serum-free media were conditioned by exposing a rat alveolar macrophage cell line NR8383 to ozone for 1 hour. Ozone stimulated secretion of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-18 from NR8383 cells, but there was no secretion of chemokines or TNF-alpha. Freshly isolated type II cells were cultured, so as to express the biological markers of type I cells, and these cells are referred to as type I-like cells. Type I-like cells were exposed to diluted MO(3)CM for 24 hours, and this conditioned medium stimulated secretion of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemattractant-1 (CXCL1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (CCL2). Secretion of these chemokines was inhibited by the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Although both recombinant IL-1alpha and IL-1beta stimulated alveolar epithelial cells to secrete chemokines, recombinant IL-1alpha was 100-fold more potent than IL-1beta. Furthermore, neutralizing anti-rat IL-1alpha antibodies inhibited the secretion of chemokines by alveolar epithelial cells, whereas neutralizing anti-rat IL-1beta antibodies had no effect. These observations indicate that secretion of IL-1alpha from macrophages stimulates alveolar epithelial cells to secrete chemokines that can elicit an inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Manzer
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, 1400 Jackson Street, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Itoh Y, Hayashi H, Xu J, Takii T, Miyazawa K, Ariga H, Akahoshi T, Waguri-Nagaya Y, Otsuka T, Okamoto T, Onozaki K. Dihydrotestosterone inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha induced interleukin-1alpha mRNA expression in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synovial cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1140-3. [PMID: 17541168 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects multiple synovial joints. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha play important roles as principle inflammatory and destructive components of the disease. RA is known to be associated with significant gender differences in its prevalence and clinical features. We found that a potent androgen, 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) inhibits IL-1alpha mRNA expression induced by TNFalpha and the DHT effect was inhibited by an androgen receptor antagonist, hydroxyflutamide (OHF). DHT inhibited the NF-kappaB activation induced by TNFalpha in a manner dependent on the androgen receptor (AR). These results suggest that DHT inhibits the TNFalpha-induced IL-1alpha mRNA expression by inhibiting NF-kappaB activation, and contributes to the gender differences of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Itoh
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Niki Y, Takaishi H, Takito J, Miyamoto T, Kosaki N, Matsumoto H, Toyama Y, Tada N. Administration of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Reduces Joint Inflammation but Exacerbates Osteopenia in IL-1α Transgenic Mice Due to GM-CSF Overproduction. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:639-46. [PMID: 17579086 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-1alpha transgenic (Tg) mice exhibit chronic inflammatory arthritis and subsequent osteopenia, with IL-1-induced GM-CSF playing an important role in the pathogenesis. This study analyzed the mechanisms underlying osteopenia in Tg mice, and the therapeutic effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib on such osteopenia. Inhibited osteoclast formation was observed in RANKL-treated bone marrow cell (BMC) cultures from Tg mice and coculture of Tg-derived BMCs and wild-type-derived primary osteoblasts (POBs). FACS analysis indicated that this inhibition was attributable to a decreased number of osteoclast precursors within Tg-derived BMCs. Moreover, in coculture of Tg-derived POBs and either Tg- or wild-type-derived BMCs, osteoclast formation was markedly inhibited because Tg-derived POBs produced abundant GM-CSF, known as a potent inhibitor of osteoclast differentiation. Histomorphometric analysis of Tg mice revealed that both bone formation and resorption were decreased, with bone formation decreased more prominently. Interestingly, administration of celecoxib resulted in further deterioration of osteopenia where bone formation was markedly suppressed, whereas bone resorption remained unchanged. These results were explained by our in vitro observation that celecoxib dose-dependently and dramatically decreased osteogenesis by Tg mouse-derived POBs in culture, whereas mRNA expressions of GM-CSF and M-CSF remained unchanged. Consequently, blockade of PGE(2) may exert positive effects on excessively enhanced bone resorption observed in inflammatory bone disease, whereas negative effects may occur mainly through reduced bone formation, when bone resorption is constitutively down-regulated as seen in Tg mice.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Arthritis, Experimental/enzymology
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/enzymology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/genetics
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/immunology
- Bone Diseases, Metabolic/metabolism
- Bone Resorption/enzymology
- Bone Resorption/genetics
- Bone Resorption/pathology
- Bone Resorption/prevention & control
- Celecoxib
- Cells, Cultured
- Coculture Techniques
- Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Dinoprostone/antagonists & inhibitors
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/biosynthesis
- Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/genetics
- Interleukin-1alpha/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Transgenic
- Osteoclasts/enzymology
- Osteoclasts/pathology
- Osteogenesis/genetics
- Pyrazoles/administration & dosage
- Sulfonamides/administration & dosage
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Niki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Itoh Y, Hayashi H, Miyazawa K, Kojima S, Akahoshi T, Onozaki K. 17beta-estradiol induces IL-1alpha gene expression in rheumatoid fibroblast-like synovial cells through estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and augmentation of transcriptional activity of Sp1 by dissociating histone deacetylase 2 from ERalpha. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:3059-66. [PMID: 17312152 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs four times more frequently in women than in men, although the mechanistic basis of the gender difference is unknown. RA is characterized by the overproliferation of synoviocytes producing proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. In this study we examined whether 17beta-estradiol (E2) induced IL-1alpha mRNA expression in the rheumatoid fibroblast-like cell line MH7A, as well as in primary synovial cells from RA patients, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. E2 induced IL-1alpha mRNA expression in both cell types in an estrogen receptor-dependent manner. In MH7A cells ERalpha but not ERbeta mediated the effects of E2. Deletion and mutation analysis revealed that a GC-rich region within the IL-1alpha gene promoter was responsible for the response to E2. EMSAs showed that Sp1 and Sp3 bound to the GC-rich region and that the transcriptional activity of Sp1 was up-regulated by the treatment with E2. Sp1 and ERalpha interacted physically regardless of the presence of E2. Physical interaction was also observed between ERalpha and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), and E2 induced the dissociation of HDAC2 from ERalpha. These results suggest that E2 induces the dissociation of corepressor HDAC2 from ERalpha, which leads to the augmentation of Sp1 transcriptional activity through the GC-rich region within the IL-1alpha gene promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Itoh
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Burger D, Dayer JM, Palmer G, Gabay C. Is IL-1 a good therapeutic target in the treatment of arthritis? Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2006; 20:879-96. [PMID: 16980212 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an important homeostatic mechanism that limits the effects of infectious agents. However, inflammation might be self-damaging and therefore has to be tightly controlled or even abolished by the organism. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a crucial mediator of the inflammatory response, playing an important part in the body's natural responses and the development of pathological conditions leading to chronic inflammation. While IL-1 production may be decreased or its effects limited by so-called anti-inflammatory cytokines, in vitro IL-1 inflammatory effects are inhibited and can be abolished by one particularly powerful inhibitor, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). Recent research has shown that in the processes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) IL-1 is one of the pivotal cytokines in initiating disease, and IL-1Ra has been shown conclusively to block its effects. In laboratory and animal studies the inhibition of IL-1 by either antibodies to IL-1 or IL-1Ra proved beneficial to the outcome. Because of its beneficial effects in many animal disease models, IL-1Ra has been used as a therapeutic agent in human patients. The recombinant form of IL-1Ra, anakinra (Kineret, Amgen) failed to show beneficial effects in septic shock and displays weak effects in RA patients. However, IL-1 blockade by anakinra is dramatically effective in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis, in adult Still's disease and in several autoinflammatory disorders, most of the latter being caused by mutations of proteins controlling IL-1beta secretion. Importantly, to be efficacious, anakinra required daily injections, suggesting that administered IL-1Ra displays very short-term effects. Better IL-1 antagonists are in the process of being developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Burger
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 24 rue Micheli-du-Crest, CH-1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Suh SJ, Kim KS, Lee SD, Lee CH, Choi HS, Jin UH, Chang YC, Kim CH. Effects and mechanisms of Clematis mandshurica Maxim. as a dual inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokines on adjuvant arthritis in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2006; 22:205-212. [PMID: 21783711 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/24/2006] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effect and mechanism of Clematis mandshurica Maxim. water extract (CMA), a dual inhibitor of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), on rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) were investigated. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) was used to induce AA in rats. The extents of inflammation and treatment response were evaluated with regard to lymphocyte proliferation. Serial evaluation was carried out on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after creation of inflammation. The lymphocyte proliferation study revealed cellular immunosuppression during the early phase of the disease. Administration of CMA on the same day or 5 days prior to inflammatory insult into the joint significantly reduced the inflammation as compared to the untreated animals in a dose dependent manner. The administration of CMA (2, 5 and 10mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) inhibited the inflammatory response and restored the weight of body and immune organs of AA rats. Synoviocytes proliferation of AA rats significantly increased, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1 in supernatants of synoviocytes in AA rats were also elevated compared with the nonimmunized rats group. The administration of CMA (2, 5 and 10mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the above changes significantly. In contrast to TNF-α and IL-1, IL-10 production and the level of its mRNA of synoviocytes in AA rats were apparently decreased. CMA (2, 5 and 10mg/kg, s.c.) markedly increased IL-10 in synoviocytes at protein and transcription level. The results indicated that CMA had a beneficial effect on rats AA due to modulating inflammatory cytokines production of synoviocytes, which played a crucial role in pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Jong Suh
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Chunchun-Dong 300, Jangan-Gu, Suwon City, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dumont FJ. The interleukin-1 families of cytokines and receptors: therapeutic potential for immunomodulation and the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2006. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.16.7.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
46
|
Bulfone-Paus S, Bulanova E, Budagian V, Paus R. The interleukin-15/interleukin-15 receptor system as a model for juxtacrine and reverse signaling. Bioessays 2006; 28:362-77. [PMID: 16547946 DOI: 10.1002/bies.20380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine of the 4 alpha-helix bundle family, which binds to a receptor complex that displays common elements with the IL-2 receptor and a unique high-affinity alpha chain. This review focuses on juxtacrine and reverse signaling levels in the IL-15/IL-15R system. Specifically, we discuss how agonistic stimulation of membrane-bound IL-15 induces phosphorylation of members of the MAP kinase family and of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), thereby upregulating processes including cytokine secretion, cell adhesion and migration. In addition, we explore IL-15 trans-presentation and intracellular signaling, and define promising molecular targets for future pharmacological intervention in infectious diseases and immunological disorders. These frontiers in IL-15/IL-15Ralpha research serve as highly instructive examples for key concepts, unsolved problems and therapeutic opportunities in juxtacrine and reverse signaling in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bulfone-Paus
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Möller B, Villiger PM. Inhibition of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 27:391-408. [PMID: 16738952 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-006-0012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Blockade of cytokines, particularly of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), in immuno-inflammatory diseases, has led to the greatest advances in medicine of recent years. We did a thorough review of the literature with a focus on inflammation models in rodents on modified gene expression or bioactivity for IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and we summarized the results of randomized controlled clinical trials in human disease. What we have learned herewith is that important information can be achieved by the use of animal models in complex, immune-mediated diseases. However, a clear ranking for putative therapeutic targets appears difficult to obtain from an experimental approach alone. This is primarily due to the fact that none of the disease models has proven to cover more than one crucial pathogenetic aspect of the complex cascade of events leading to characteristic clinical disease signs and symptoms. This supports the notion that the addressed human immune-mediated diseases are polygenic and the summation of genetic, perhaps epigenetic, and environmental factors. Nevertheless, it has become apparent, so far, that TNF-alpha is of crucial importance in the development of antigen-dependent and antigen-independent models of inflammation, and that these results correlate well with clinical success. With some delay, clinical trials in conditions having some relationship with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) indicate new opportunities for blocking IL-1 or IL-6 therapeutically. It appears, therefore, that a translational approach with critical, mutual reflection of simultaneously performed experiments and clinical trials is important for rapid identification of new targets and development of novel treatment options in complex, immune-mediated, inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Burkhard Möller
- Inselspital Bern, Klinik für Rheumatologie und Klinische Immunologie/Allergologie, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies including psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are all examples of rheumatic diseases in which inflammation is associated with skeletal pathology. Although some of the mechanisms of skeletal remodeling are shared among these diseases, each disease has a unique impact on articular bone or on the axial or appendicular skeleton. Studies in human disease and in animal models of arthritis have identified the osteoclast as the predominant cell type mediating bone loss in arthritis. Many of the cytokines and growth factors implicated in the inflammatory processes in rheumatic diseases have also been demonstrated to impact osteoclast differentiation and function either directly, by acting on cells of the osteoclast-lineage, or indirectly, by acting on other cell types to modulate expression of the key osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF) kappaB ligand (RANKL) and/or its inhibitor osteoprotegerin (OPG). Further elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for inflammation-induced bone loss will potentially lead to the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for the prevention of bone loss in these diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the cell types, inflammatory mediators, and mechanisms that are implicated in bone loss and new bone formation in inflammatory joint diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Walsh
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, New England Baptist Bone and Joint Institute, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jacques C, Gosset M, Berenbaum F, Gabay C. The role of IL-1 and IL-1Ra in joint inflammation and cartilage degradation. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2006; 74:371-403. [PMID: 17027524 DOI: 10.1016/s0083-6729(06)74016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-1 is a cytokine that plays a major role in inflammatory responses in the context of infections and immune-mediated diseases. IL-1 refers to two different cytokines, termed IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, produced from two genes. IL-1alpha and IL-1beta are produced by different cell types following stimulation by bacterial products, cytokines, and immune complexes. Monocytes/macrophages are the primary source of IL-1beta. Both cytokines do not possess leader peptide sequences and do not follow a classical secretory pathway. IL-1alpha is mainly cell associated, whereas IL-1beta can be released from activated cells after cleavage of its amino-terminal region by caspase-1. IL-1 is present in the synovial tissue and fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Several in vitro studies have shown that IL-1 stimulates the production of mediators such as prostaglandin E(2), nitric oxide, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules that are involved in articular inflammation. Furthermore, IL-1 stimulates the synthesis and activity of matrix metalloproteinases and other enzymes involved in cartilage destruction in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The effects of IL-1 are inhibited in vitro and in vivo by natural inhibitors such as IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble receptors. IL-1 receptor antagonist belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines and binds to IL-1 receptors but does not induce any intracellular response. IL-1 receptor antagonist inhibits the effect of IL-1 by blocking its interaction with cell surface receptors. The use of IL-1 inhibitors in experimental models of inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis has provided a strong support for the role of IL-1 in the pathogeny of these diseases. Most importantly, these findings have been confirmed in clinical trials in patients with rheumatic diseases. Additional strategies aimed to block the effect of IL-1 are tested in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Jacques
- UMR 7079 CNRS, Physiology and Physiopathology Laboratory, University Paris 6, Paris, 75252 Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Wei YH, Li Y, Qiang CJ. Effects and mechanisms of FR167653, a dual inhibitor of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, on adjuvant arthritis in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2005; 4:1625-32. [PMID: 15454115 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2004.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2004] [Revised: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 07/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Effects and mechanisms of FR167653, 1-[7-(4-fluorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-8-(4-pyridyl)pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4] triazin-2-yl]-2-phenylethanedione sulfate monohydrate, a dual inhibitor of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), on rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) was investigated. Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats. Secondary paw swelling of AA rats was measured, and polyarthritis index was scored. Synoviocytes were separated by the method of collagenase and DNase digestion. Synoviocytes proliferation was assayed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. TNF-alpha, IL-1 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) production of synoviocytes was measured with ELISA. The expression of IL-10 mRNA of synoviocytes was determined using RT-PCR. There were significant secondary inflammatory reactions in AA rats, which accompanied with the decrease of body and immune organs weight simultaneously. The administration of FR167653 (4, 12, 36 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s.c.)) inhibited the inflammatory response and restored the weight of body and immune organs of AA rats. Synoviocytes proliferation of AA rats significantly increased, and the levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 in supernatants of synoviocytes in AA rats were also elevated compared with the sham group. The administration of FR167653 (4, 12, 36 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the above changes significantly. In contrast to TNF-alpha and IL-1, IL-10 production and the level of its mRNA of synoviocytes in AA rats were apparently decreased. FR167653 (4, 12, 36 mg/kg, s.c.) markedly increased IL-10 in synoviocytes at protein and transcription level. The results indicated that FR167653 had a beneficial effect on rats AA due to modulating inflammatory cytokines production of synoviocytes, which played a crucial role in pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hong Wei
- Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory of State Food and Drugs Administration of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310031, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|