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Dehghankhold M, Sadat Abolmaali S, Nezafat N, Mohammad Tamaddon A. Peptide nanovaccine in melanoma immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111543. [PMID: 38301413 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is an especially fatal neoplasm resistant to traditional treatment. The advancement of novel therapeutical approaches has gained attention in recent years by shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of melanoma tumorigenesis and their powerful interplay with the immune system. The presence of many mutations in melanoma cells results in the production of a varied array of antigens. These antigens can be recognized by the immune system, thereby enabling it to distinguish between tumors and healthy cells. In the context of peptide cancer vaccines, generally, they are designed based on tumor antigens that stimulate immunity through antigen-presenting cells (APCs). As naked peptides often have low potential in eliciting a desirable immune reaction, immunization with such compounds usually necessitates adjuvants and nanocarriers. Actually, nanoparticles (NPs) can provide a robust immune response to peptide-based melanoma vaccines. They improve the directing of peptide vaccines to APCs and induce the secretion of cytokines to get maximum immune response. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the utilization of nanotechnology in peptide vaccines emphasizing melanoma, as well as highlights the significance of physicochemical properties in determining the fate of these nanovaccines in vivo, including their drainage to lymph nodes, cellular uptake, and influence on immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahvash Dehghankhold
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Computational vaccine and Drug Design Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Brišar N, Šuster K, Brezar SK, Vidmar R, Fonović M, Cör A. An Engineered M13 Filamentous Nanoparticle as an Antigen Carrier for a Malignant Melanoma Immunotherapeutic Strategy. Viruses 2024; 16:232. [PMID: 38400008 PMCID: PMC10893169 DOI: 10.3390/v16020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages, prokaryotic viruses, hold great potential in genetic engineering to open up new avenues for vaccine development. Our study aimed to establish engineered M13 bacteriophages expressing MAGE-A1 tumor peptides as a vaccine for melanoma treatment. Through in vivo experiments, we sought to assess their ability to induce robust immune responses. Using phage display technology, we engineered two M13 bacteriophages expressing MAGE-A1 peptides as fusion proteins with either pVIII or pIIII coat proteins. Mice were intraperitoneally vaccinated three times, two weeks apart, using two different engineered bacteriophages; control groups received a wild-type bacteriophage. Serum samples taken seven days after each vaccination were analyzed by ELISA assay, while splenocytes harvested seven days following the second boost were evaluated by ex vivo cytotoxicity assay. Fusion proteins were confirmed by Western blot and nano-LC-MS/MS. The application of bacteriophages was safe, with no adverse effects on mice. Engineered bacteriophages effectively triggered immune responses, leading to increased levels of anti-MAGE-A1 antibodies in proportion to the administered bacteriophage dosage. Anti-MAGE-A1 antibodies also exhibited a binding capability to B16F10 tumor cells in vitro, as opposed to control samples. Splenocytes demonstrated enhanced CTL cytotoxicity against B16F10 cells. We have demonstrated the immunogenic capabilities of engineered M13 bacteriophages, emphasizing their potential for melanoma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuša Brišar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Šuster
- Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, 6280 Ankaran, Slovenia;
| | - Simona Kranjc Brezar
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Robert Vidmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Marko Fonović
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (R.V.); (M.F.)
| | - Andrej Cör
- Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, 6280 Ankaran, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Education, University of Primorska, 6310 Izola, Slovenia
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Zahedipour F, Jamialahmadi K, Zamani P, Reza Jaafari M. Improving the efficacy of peptide vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110721. [PMID: 37543011 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Peptide vaccines have shown great potential in cancer immunotherapy by targeting tumor antigens and activating the patient's immune system to mount a specific response against cancer cells. However, the efficacy of peptide vaccines in inducing a sustained immune response and achieving clinical benefit remains a major challenge. In this review, we discuss the current status of peptide vaccines in cancer immunotherapy and strategies to improve their efficacy. We summarize the recent advancements in the development of peptide vaccines in pre-clinical and clinical settings, including the use of novel adjuvants, neoantigens, nano-delivery systems, and combination therapies. We also highlight the importance of personalized cancer vaccines, which consider the unique genetic and immunological profiles of individual patients. We also discuss the strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of peptide vaccines such as multivalent peptides, conjugated peptides, fusion proteins, and self-assembled peptides. Although, peptide vaccines alone are weak immunogens, combining peptide vaccines with other immunotherapeutic approaches and developing novel approaches such as personalized vaccines can be promising methods to significantly enhance their efficacy and improve the clinical outcomes for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahedipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Brai A, Poggialini F, Pasqualini C, Trivisani CI, Vagaggini C, Dreassi E. Progress towards Adjuvant Development: Focus on Antiviral Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9225. [PMID: 37298177 PMCID: PMC10253057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, vaccines have been extraordinary resources to prevent pathogen diffusion and cancer. Even if they can be formed by a single antigen, the addition of one or more adjuvants represents the key to enhance the response of the immune signal to the antigen, thus accelerating and increasing the duration and the potency of the protective effect. Their use is of particular importance for vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or immunocompromised people. Despite their importance, only in the last forty years has the search for novel adjuvants increased, with the discovery of novel classes of immune potentiators and immunomodulators. Due to the complexity of the cascades involved in immune signal activation, their mechanism of action remains poorly understood, even if significant discovery has been recently made thanks to recombinant technology and metabolomics. This review focuses on the classes of adjuvants under research, recent mechanism of action studies, as well as nanodelivery systems and novel classes of adjuvants that can be chemically manipulated to create novel small molecule adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalaura Brai
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Federica Poggialini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Claudia Immacolata Trivisani
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Chiara Vagaggini
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
| | - Elena Dreassi
- Department of Biotechnologies, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy; (A.B.); (F.P.); (C.P.); (C.V.)
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Supramolecular assembly of a trivalent peptide hydrogel vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 158:535-546. [PMID: 36632876 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination shows great promise in cancer immunotherapy. However, the induction of robust and broad therapeutic CD8 T cell immunity against tumors is challenging due to the essential heterogenicity of tumor antigen expression. Recently, bioinspired materials have reshaped the field of cancer nanomedicine. Herein, a bioinspired nanofibrous trivalent peptide hydrogel vaccine was constructed using the spontaneous supramolecular co-assembly of three antigenic epitope-conjugated peptides, which could mimic the fibrillar structure and biological function of the extracellular matrix and naturally occurring protein assembly. The hydrogel vaccine could be accurately and flexibly adjusted to load each antigenic peptide at a defined ratio, which facilitated the antigen presentation of dendritic cells and significantly improved the initiation of CD8 T cell response and the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). C57BL/6 mice were immunized with the trivalent peptide hydrogel vaccine, where it elicited a high broad-spectrum antitumor CD8 T cell response that significantly inhibited the growth of B16 tumors in the absence of additional immunoadjuvants or delivery systems. In summary, the supramolecular assembly of triple antigenic epitope-conjugated peptides offers a simple, customizable, and versatile approach for the development of cancer vaccines with remarkable therapeutic efficacy, thereby providing a highly versatile platform for the application of personalized multivalent tumor vaccines. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: (1) We report a feasible, versatile and bioinspired approach to manufacture a multivalent peptide-based hydrogel cancer vaccine in the absence of additional adjuvants, which closely mimics immune niches, co-delivers antigen epitopes, greatly promotes antigen presentation to DCs and their subsequent homing to dLNs and elicits a broad-spectrum antitumor CD8 T cell response, resulting in significant inhibition of B16 tumor growth. (2) This feasible and efficient co-assembly strategy provides an attractive platform for engineering a range of multivalent vaccines at defined ratios to further enhance antigen-specific T cell responses. This approach may also be used for personalized immunotherapy with neo-epitopes.
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Xu Y, Xu X, Ni X, Pan J, Chen M, Lin Y, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Ge N, Song G, Zhang J. Gene-based cancer-testis antigens as prognostic indicators in hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13269. [PMID: 36950598 PMCID: PMC10025098 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are reproductive tissue-restricted genes, frequently ectopic expressed in tumors. CTA genes associate with a poor prognosis in some solid tumors, due to their potential roles in the tumorigenesis and progression. However, whether CTAs relate with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. In this study, the prognostic signatures based on CTA genes were investigated and validated in three cohorts including Chinese HCC patients with hepatitis B virus infection (CHCC-HBV), International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. Univariate, LASSO, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to screen prognostic genes and develop the prognostic gene signature. A prognosis model was established with six CTA genes (SSX1, CTCFL, OIP5, CEP55, NOL4, and TPPP2) in CHCC-HBV cohort, and further validated in the ICGC and TCGA cohorts. The CTA signature was an essential prognostic predictor independent of other clinical pathological factors. High-risk group exhibited up-regulated cell cycle-related and tumor-related pathways and more M0 macrophage, activated mast cell, activated memory CD4+ T cell, and memory B cell infiltration. Furthermore, CTA signature correlated with the sensitivity to multiple chemotherapy drugs. Our results highlighted that the CTA gene profiling was a prognostic assessment tool for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaomeng Pan
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - MaoPei Chen
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youpei Lin
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ningling Ge
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohe Song
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Corresponding author.
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Tran CA, Lynch KT, Meneveau MO, Katyal P, Olson WC, Slingluff CL. Intratumoral IFN-γ or topical TLR7 agonist promotes infiltration of melanoma metastases by T lymphocytes expanded in the blood after cancer vaccine. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e005952. [PMID: 36746511 PMCID: PMC9906378 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated melanoma regression relies on melanoma-reactive T cells infiltrating tumor. Cancer vaccines increase circulating melanoma-reactive T cells, but little is known about vaccine-induced circulating lymphocytes (viCLs) homing to tumor or whether interventions are needed to enhance infiltration. We hypothesized that viCLs infiltrate melanoma metastases, and intratumoral interferon (IFN)-γ or Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonism enhances infiltration. METHODS Patients on two clinical trials (Mel51 (NCT00977145), Mel53 (NCT01264731)) received vaccines containing 12 class I major histocompatibility complex-restricted melanoma peptides (12MP). In Mel51, tumor was injected with IFN-γ on day 22, and biopsied on days 1, 22, and 24. In Mel53, dermal metastases were treated with topical imiquimod, a TLR7 agonist, for 12 weeks, and biopsied on days 1, 22, and 43. For patients with circulating T-cell responses to 12MP by IFN-γ ELISpot assays, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pre-vaccination and at peak T-cell response, and from tumor biopsies, which underwent T-cell receptor sequencing. This enabled identification of clonotypes induced in PBMCs post-vaccination (viCLs) and present in tumor post-vaccination, but not pre-vaccination. RESULTS Six patients with T-cell responses post-vaccination (Mel51 n = 4, Mel53 n = 2) were evaluated for viCLs and vaccine-induced tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (viTILs). All six patients had viCLs, five of whom were evaluable for viTILs in tumor post-vaccination alone. Mel51 patients had viTILs identified in day 22 tumors, post-vaccination and before IFN-γ (median = 2, range = 0-24). This increased in day 24 tumors after IFN-γ (median = 30, range = 4-74). Mel53 patients had viTILs identified in day 22 tumors, post-vaccination plus imiquimod (median = 33, range = 2-64). Three of five evaluable patients across both trials had viTILs with vaccination alone. All five had enhancement of viTILs with tumor-directed therapy. viTILs represented 0.0-2.9% of total T cells after vaccination alone, which increased to 0.6-8.7% after tumor-directed therapy. CONCLUSION Cancer vaccines induce expansion of new viCLs, which infiltrate melanoma metastases in some patients. Our findings identify opportunities to combine vaccines with tumor-directed therapies to enhance T-cell infiltration and T cell-mediated tumor control. These combinations hold promise in improving the therapeutic efficacy of antigen-specific therapies for solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Tran
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin T Lynch
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Max O Meneveau
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Priya Katyal
- University of Virginia College and Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Walter C Olson
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Beirne Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Ba H, Zhu F, Zhang X, Mei Z, Zhu Y. Comparison of efficacy and tolerability of adjuvant therapy for resected high-risk stage III-IV cutaneous melanoma: a systemic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359221148918. [PMID: 36743526 PMCID: PMC9893404 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221148918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapies have been widely used as adjuvant treatment for resected melanoma, the optimal therapy remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted this updated network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the efficacy and tolerability of adjuvant therapies for cutaneous melanoma. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant literatures published in the last 30 years. Disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and serious adverse events were considered as the efficacy and tolerability outcomes. Results In all, 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 16,709 stage III-IV melanoma patients were enrolled in this NMA. For BRAF wild-type melanoma, our analysis showed that both nivolumab and pembrolizumab demonstrated significantly better DFS and tolerability than ipilimumab (10 mg/kg). Nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab (3 mg/kg), and ipilimumab (10 mg/kg) all appeared to be effective in prolonging OS, but no therapy demonstrated significantly better OS than ipilimumab (10 mg/kg). Nivolumab + ipilimumab showed the best DFS, but did not appear to be effective in improving OS and ranked only seventh in tolerability. Vaccines and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor therapies were well tolerated, but all failed to improve the DFS or OS in stage III melanoma patients. In terms of BRAF mutation-positive melanoma, ICIs (nivolumab + ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab; 10 mg/kg) exhibited comparable efficacy to dabrafenib + trametinib, and all these therapies showed significantly better DFS than placebo. Conclusion Considering efficacy and tolerability, nivolumab and pembrolizumab seem to be preferable adjuvant therapies for patients with stage III-IV melanoma. For BRAF mutation-positive patients, more RCTs are still required to determine which is better between ICIs and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ba
- Department Chinese and Western Medicine Integrated Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 120 Wansui Road, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhu
- Department Chinese and Western Medicine Integrated Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 120 Wansui Road, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaoze Zhang
- Department Chinese and Western Medicine Integrated Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 120 Wansui Road, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
| | | | - Yaodong Zhu
- Department Chinese and Western Medicine Integrated Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 120 Wansui Road, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
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Development of Peptide-Based Vaccines for Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:9749363. [PMID: 35342400 PMCID: PMC8941562 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9749363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptides cancer vaccines are designed based on the epitope peptides that can elicit humoral and cellular immune responses targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or tumor-specific antigens (TSAs). In order to develop a clinically safe and more effective vaccine for the future, several issues need to be addressed, and these include the selection of optimal antigen targets, adjuvants, and immunization regimens. Another emerging approach involves the use of personalized peptide-based vaccines based on neoantigens to enhance antitumor response. Rationally designed combinatorial therapy is currently being investigated with chemotherapeutic drugs or immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies to improve the efficacy. This review discusses an overview of the development of peptide-based vaccines, the role of adjuvants, and the delivery systems for peptide vaccines as well as combinatorial therapy as potential anticancer strategies.
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10
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A Commotion in the Skin: Developing Melanoma Immunotherapies. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:2055-2060. [PMID: 35339277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas are malignant tumors that can partly and very rarely completely regress in response to immune responses. Analyzing the mechanisms underlying this immune-mediated rejection, melanomas became leading in developing general cancer immunotherapy. This resulted in the discovery of tumor-specific neoantigens and mutations autoantigens, now called tumor-associated antigens, and their specific recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Melanomas were of key importance for the development of adoptive T-cell therapy and active tumor vaccines, namely dendritic cell vaccines. Melanoma therapy with antibodies against CTLA-4 provided the proof of concept that solid cancers can be susceptible to cancer immunotherapy, and melanoma therapy with antibodies against PD-1 resulted in the clinical breakthrough of cancer immunotherapy. Still, about half of patients die from metastatic melanoma. Combining anti‒PD-1 with anti‒CTLA-4 antibodies to increase antitumor immune responses or with targeted therapy improves the overall survival only partially. Recent data revealed a close link between defects in the IFN-γ‒dependent induction of cell cycle control genes and resistance to immunotherapy, which may allow for identifying those patients that respond to immunotherapy and to develop novel therapies, combining cancer immunotherapy with cell cycle inhibitors.
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Rezaei M, Danilova ND, Soltani M, Savvateeva LV, V Tarasov V, Ganjalikhani-Hakemi M, V Bazhinf A, A Zamyatnin A. Cancer Vaccine in Cold Tumors: Clinical Landscape, Challenges, and Opportunities. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:437-453. [PMID: 35156572 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220214103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The idea of cancer immunotherapy is to stimulate the immune system to fight tumors without destroying normal cells. One of the anticancer therapy methods, among many, is based on the use of cancer vaccines that contain tumor antigens in order to induce immune responses against tumors. However, clinical trials have shown that the use of such vaccines as a monotherapy is ineffective in many cases, since they do not cause a strong immune response. Particular tumors are resistant to immunotherapy due to the absence or insufficient infiltration of tumors with CD8+ T cells, and hence, they are called cold or non-inflamed tumors. Cold tumors are characterized by a lack of CD8+ T cell infiltration, the presence of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, and regulatory T cells. It is very important to understand which stage of the antitumor response does not work properly in order to use the right strategy for the treatment of patients. Applying other therapeutic methods alongside cancer vaccines can be more rational for cold tumors which do not provoke the immune system strongly. Herein, we indicate some combinational therapies that have been used or are in progress for cold tumor treatment alongside vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Soltani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mazdak Ganjalikhani-Hakemi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alexandr V Bazhinf
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
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12
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Liang Z, Cui X, Yang L, Hu Q, Li D, Zhang X, Han L, Shi S, Shen Y, Zhao W, Ju Q, Deng X, Wu Y, Sheng W. Co-assembled nanocomplexes of peptide neoantigen Adpgk and Toll-like receptor 9 agonist CpG ODN for efficient colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121091. [PMID: 34555477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines targeting tumor specific neoantigens derived from nonsynonymous mutations of tumor cells have emerged as an effective approach to induce antitumor T cells responses for personalized cancer immunotherapy. Despite the enormous potential of synthetic peptides as a common modality for neoantigen vaccines, their practical efficacy was limited due to their relatively low immunogenicity. Herein, we modify neoantigen peptide (Adpgk) derived from MC-38 colon carcinoma by supplementing ten consecutive positively-charged lysines (10 K-Adpgk) to obtain cationic polypeptide. And then we made them self-assemble with toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) adjuvant directly forming antigen/adjuvant integrated nanocomplexes (PCNPs) through electrostatic interaction for potent tumor immunotherapy. The optimal formed PCNPs were around 175 nm with uniform size distribution and could maintain stability in physiological saline solution. CpG ODN and 10 K-Adpgk in the formed PCNPs could be effectively uptake by dendritic cells (DCs) and stimulate the maturation of DCs as well as improving the efficiency of antigen cross-presentation efficiency in vitro. Furthermore, the PCNPs vaccine could markedly improve neoantigen and adjuvant co-delivery efficiency to lymphoid organs and activate cytotoxic T cells. In addition, vaccination with PCNPs could not only offer prophylactic to protect mice from challenged MC-38 colorectal tumors, but also achieve a better anti-tumor effect in an established colorectal tumor model, and significantly prolong the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice. Therefore, this work provided a versatile but effective method for neoantigen peptide and CpG ODN co-assembly vaccine platform for efficient colorectal cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Liang
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Cui
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Yang
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Hu
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyang Li
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Han
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Siwei Shi
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Shen
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijian Zhao
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ju
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongwei Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wang Sheng
- The Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, NO. 100, Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, People's Republic of China.
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13
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14
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Cancer Vaccines: Promising Therapeutics or an Unattainable Dream. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9060668. [PMID: 34207062 PMCID: PMC8233841 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment and offers cancer patients new hope. Although this therapy has proved highly successful for some patients, its efficacy is not all encompassing and several cancer types do not respond. Cancer vaccines offer an alternate approach to promote anti-tumor immunity that differ in their mode of action from antibody-based therapies. Cancer vaccines serve to balance the equilibrium of the crosstalk between the tumor cells and the host immune system. Recent advances in understanding the nature of tumor-mediated tolerogenicity and antigen presentation has aided in the identification of tumor antigens that have the potential to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Cancer vaccines can either be prophylactic (preventative) or therapeutic (curative). An exciting option for therapeutic vaccines is the emergence of personalized vaccines, which are tailor-made and specific for tumor type and individual patient. This review summarizes the current standing of the most promising vaccine strategies with respect to their development and clinical efficacy. We also discuss prospects for future development of stem cell-based prophylactic vaccines.
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15
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Meneveau MO, Petroni GR, Salerno EP, Lynch KT, Smolkin M, Woodson E, Chianese-Bullock KA, Olson WC, Deacon D, Patterson JW, Grosh WW, Slingluff CL. Immunogenicity in humans of a transdermal multipeptide melanoma vaccine administered with or without a TLR7 agonist. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e002214. [PMID: 34035112 PMCID: PMC8154977 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-002214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental cancer vaccines are traditionally administered by injection in subcutaneous tissue or muscle, commonly with adjuvants that create chronic inflammatory depots. Injection of melanoma-derived peptides induces T cell responses; however, the depots that form following injection may inhibit optimization of the immune response. In skin, epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are a dominant source of professional antigen presenting cells. We hypothesized that: (1) applying melanoma-derived peptides topically, in proximity to LC, could be immunogenic and safe, with low vaccine-site toxicity and (2) topical toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist would increase immunogenicity of the peptide vaccine. METHODS Twelve melanoma peptides plus a tetanus helper peptide were combined with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and were administered topically on days 1, 8, and 15, to 28 patients randomized to one of four adjuvant preparations: (1) incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA); (2) IFA plus a TLR7 agonist (imiquimod) administered on days 0, 7, 14; (3) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or (4) DMSO+ imiquimod administered on day 0, 7, 14. Every 3 weeks thereafter (x 6), the peptides were combined with GM-CSF and were injected into the dermis and subcutis in an emulsion with IFA. Toxicities were recorded and immune responses assayed by ELIspot. RESULTS CD8+ T cell responses to transdermal vaccination in DMSO occurred in 83% of participants in group 3 and 86% in group 4, and responses to vaccination in IFA were observed in 29% of participants in group 1 and 14% in group 2. Overall, 61% of participants had CD4+ T cell immune responses to the tetanus peptide, with large, durable responses in groups 3 and 4. Five of seven participants in group 4 had a severe rash, one that was dose limiting. Ten-year overall survival was 67% and disease-free survival was 44%. CONCLUSIONS These data provide proof of principle for immunogenicity in humans of transdermal immunization using peptides in DMSO. Further study is warranted into the pharmacokinetics and immunobiology of TLR agonists as vaccine adjuvants during transcutaneous application. Overall survival is high, supporting further investigation of this immunization approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max O Meneveau
- Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gina R Petroni
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elise P Salerno
- Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin T Lynch
- Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Smolkin
- Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Woodson
- Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Walter C Olson
- Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Donna Deacon
- Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - William W Grosh
- Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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16
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Abstract
GM-CSF drives the differentiation of granulocytes and monocyte/macrophages from hematopoietic stem cell progenitors. It is required for differentiating monocytes into dendritic cells (DC). Although approved for recovery of granulocytes/monocytes in patients receiving chemotherapy, G-CSF is preferred. Enthusiasm for GM-CSF monotherapy as a melanoma treatment was dampened by two large randomized trials. Although GM-CSF has been injected into tumors for many years, the efficacy of this has not been tested. There is a strong rationale for GM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant, but it appears of benefit only for strategies that directly involve DCs, such as intratumor talimogene laherparepvec and vaccines in which DCs are loaded with antigen ex vivo and injected admixed with GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O Dillman
- Chief Medical Officer, AIVITA Biomedical, Inc. Irvine, CA 92612, USA.,Clinical Professor Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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17
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Gupta A, Rosato AJ, Cui F. Vaccine candidate designed against carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules using immunoinformatics tools. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:6084-6098. [PMID: 32720576 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1797539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion (CEACAM) molecules belong to a family of membrane glycoproteins that mediate intercellular interactions influencing cellular growth, immune cell activation, apoptosis, and tumor suppression. Several family members (CEACAM1, CEACAM5, and CEACAM6) are highly expressed in cancers, and they share a conserved N-terminal domain that serves as an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. A multi-epitope vaccine candidate against this conserved domain has been developed using immunoinformatics tools. Specifically, several epitopes predicted to interact with MHC class I and II molecules were linked together with appropriate linkers. The tertiary structure of the vaccine is generated by homology and ab initio modeling. Molecular docking of epitopes to MHC structures have revealed that the lowest energy conformations are the epitopes bound to the antigen-binding groove of the MHC molecules. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulation has confirmed the stability of the binding conformations in solution. The predicted vaccine has relatively high antigenicity and low allergenicity, suggesting that it is an ideal candidate for further refinement and development.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Gupta
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Rosato
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Feng Cui
- Thomas H. Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA
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18
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Vianna P, Mendes MF, Bragatte MA, Ferreira PS, Salzano FM, Bonamino MH, Vieira GF. pMHC Structural Comparisons as a Pivotal Element to Detect and Validate T-Cell Targets for Vaccine Development and Immunotherapy-A New Methodological Proposal. Cells 2019; 8:E1488. [PMID: 31766602 PMCID: PMC6952977 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for epitopes that will effectively trigger an immune response remains the "El Dorado" for immunologists. The development of promising immunotherapeutic approaches requires the appropriate targets to elicit a proper immune response. Considering the high degree of HLA/TCR diversity, as well as the heterogeneity of viral and tumor proteins, this number will invariably be higher than ideal to test. It is known that the recognition of a peptide-MHC (pMHC) by the T-cell receptor is performed entirely in a structural fashion, where the atomic interactions of both structures, pMHC and TCR, dictate the fate of the process. However, epitopes with a similar composition of amino acids can produce dissimilar surfaces. Conversely, sequences with no conspicuous similarities can exhibit similar TCR interaction surfaces. In the last decade, our group developed a database and in silico structural methods to extract molecular fingerprints that trigger T-cell immune responses, mainly referring to physicochemical similarities, which could explain the immunogenic differences presented by different pMHC-I complexes. Here, we propose an immunoinformatic approach that considers a structural level of information, combined with an experimental technology that simulates the presentation of epitopes for a T cell, to improve vaccine production and immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Vianna
- Laboratory of Human Teratogenesis and Population Medical Genetics, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, Brazil;
| | - Marcus F.A. Mendes
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics (NBLI), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, Brazil (M.A.B.)
| | - Marcelo A. Bragatte
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics (NBLI), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, Brazil (M.A.B.)
| | - Priscila S. Ferreira
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Francisco M. Salzano
- Laboratory of Molecular Evolution, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, Brazil;
| | - Martin H. Bonamino
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (M.H.B.)
- Vice Presidency of Research and Biological Collections, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Gustavo F. Vieira
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics (NBLI), Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91.501-970, Brazil (M.A.B.)
- Laboratory of Health Bioinformatics, Post Graduate Program in Health and Human Development, La Salle University, Canoas 91.501-970, Brazil
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19
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Maynard SK, Marshall JD, MacGill RS, Yu L, Cann JA, Cheng LI, McCarthy MP, Cayatte C, Robbins SH. Vaccination with synthetic long peptide formulated with CpG in an oil-in-water emulsion induces robust E7-specific CD8 T cell responses and TC-1 tumor eradication. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:540. [PMID: 31170937 PMCID: PMC6555006 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite considerable efforts at developing therapeutic vaccines for cancer, clinical translation of preclinical successes has been challenging, largely due to the difficulty of inducing strong and sustained cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in patients. Several peptide-based cancer vaccines have failed to show sustainable tumor regression in the clinic, possibly because of a lack of optimization of both the adjuvant and antigen components of the preparations. Here, we aimed to develop and optimize a vaccine format utilizing a synthetic long peptide (SLP) containing the human papilloma virus 16 (HPV16) E7 antigen, with a centrally located defined MHC class I epitope, and evaluate its immunogenicity and efficacy in combination with various adjuvant formulations. METHODS E731-73 SLP was tested alone or in combination with toll-like receptor (TLR)3, TLR4, TLR7/8 and TLR9 agonists and formulated in oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions to determine a vaccine format inducing a robust CD8 T cell response in murine models. Once a lead vaccine format was determined, we examined its ability to inhibit tumor growth in the murine TC-1 model that expresses HPV16 E7 antigen. RESULTS We identified the TLR9 agonist CpG formulated in a squalene-based o/w emulsion as the most potent adjuvant, inducing the expansion of multifunctional antigen specific CD8 T cells with cytolytic potential. We also demonstrated that SLP E731-73 + CpG + o/w emulsion vaccine can provide prophylactic and more importantly, therapeutic benefit in the TC-1 murine tumor model. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that the novel vaccine format E7 SLP + CpG delivered in an o/w emulsion holds potential for the promotion of strong CTL responses and tumor eradication and encourages further development of peptide/adjuvant vaccines in cancer immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Yu
- Statistical Sciences, MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A Cann
- Translational Sciences (Pathology), MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Lily I Cheng
- Translational Sciences (Pathology), MedImmune, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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20
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Yang P, Song H, Feng Z, Wang C, Huang P, Zhang C, Kong D, Wang W. Synthetic, Supramolecular, and Self‐Adjuvanting CD8
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T‐Cell Epitope Vaccine Increases the Therapeutic Antitumor Immunity. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and TreatmentHeilongjiang Academy of Medical ScienceHarbin Medical University Harbin 150081 China
| | - Huijuan Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Zujian Feng
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringCollege of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Pingsheng Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Chuangnian Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
| | - Deling Kong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of Life SciencesNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomaterial ResearchInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Tianjin 300192 China
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21
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Kartikasari AER, Prakash MD, Cox M, Wilson K, Boer JC, Cauchi JA, Plebanski M. Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines-T Cell Responses and Epigenetic Modulation. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3109. [PMID: 30740111 PMCID: PMC6357987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in developing efficient therapeutic cancer vaccines, as this type of therapy allows targeted killing of tumor cells as well as long-lasting immune protection. High levels of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells are associated with better prognosis in many cancers, and it is expected that new generation vaccines will induce effective production of these cells. Epigenetic mechanisms can promote changes in host immune responses, as well as mediate immune evasion by cancer cells. Here, we focus on epigenetic modifications involved in both vaccine-adjuvant-generated T cell immunity and cancer immune escape mechanisms. We propose that vaccine-adjuvant systems may be utilized to induce beneficial epigenetic modifications and discuss how epigenetic interventions could improve vaccine-based therapies. Additionally, we speculate on how, given the unique nature of individual epigenetic landscapes, epigenetic mapping of cancer progression and specific subsequent immune responses, could be harnessed to tailor therapeutic vaccines to each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apriliana E R Kartikasari
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Monica D Prakash
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Momodou Cox
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirsty Wilson
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer C Boer
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Cauchi
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- Translational Immunology and Nanotechnology Unit, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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22
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Bezu L, Kepp O, Cerrato G, Pol J, Fucikova J, Spisek R, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial watch: Peptide-based vaccines in anticancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1511506. [PMID: 30524907 PMCID: PMC6279318 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1511506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based anticancer vaccination aims at stimulating an immune response against one or multiple tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) following immunization with purified, recombinant or synthetically engineered epitopes. Despite high expectations, the peptide-based vaccines that have been explored in the clinic so far had limited therapeutic activity, largely due to cancer cell-intrinsic alterations that minimize antigenicity and/or changes in the tumor microenvironment that foster immunosuppression. Several strategies have been developed to overcome such limitations, including the use of immunostimulatory adjuvants, the co-treatment with cytotoxic anticancer therapies that enable the coordinated release of damage-associated molecular patterns, and the concomitant blockade of immune checkpoints. Personalized peptide-based vaccines are also being explored for therapeutic activity in the clinic. Here, we review recent preclinical and clinical progress in the use of peptide-based vaccines as anticancer therapeutics.Abbreviations: CMP: carbohydrate-mimetic peptide; CMV: cytomegalovirus; DC: dendritic cell; FDA: Food and Drug Administration; HPV: human papillomavirus; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; MHP: melanoma helper vaccine; NSCLC: non-small cell lung carcinoma; ODD: orphan drug designation; PPV: personalized peptide vaccination; SLP: synthetic long peptide; TAA: tumor-associated antigen; TNA: tumor neoantigen
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucillia Bezu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Cerrato
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Spisek
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic.,Dept. of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud/Paris XI, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France.,INSERM, U1015, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers,Paris, France.,U1138, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.,Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan He
- University at Buffalo; State University of New York; Buffalo NY 14260 USA
| | - Scott I. Abrams
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Immunology; Buffalo NY 14263 USA
| | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- University at Buffalo; State University of New York; Buffalo NY 14260 USA
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24
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Gao X, Nan Y, Yuan Y, Gong X, Sun Y, Zhou H, Zong Y, Zhang L, Yu M. Gas‑filled ultrasound microbubbles enhance the immunoactivity of the HSP70‑MAGEA1 fusion protein against MAGEA1‑expressing tumours. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:315-321. [PMID: 29749485 PMCID: PMC6059686 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced malignant melanoma is characterized by rapid development, poor prognosis and insensitivity to chemoradiotherapy. Immunotherapy has become one of the primary clinical treatments for malignant melanomas. In recent decades, identifying specific tumour antigens and the enhanced immunoactivity of tumour vaccines has become critical for engineering successful tumour vaccines. As a widely used vaccine carrier, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) clearly increases the immunogenicity of tumour antigens, such as melanoma-associated antigen A1 (MAGEA1). Based on previous studies, gas-filled ultrasound microbubbles (MBs) were engineered to carry an HSP70-MAGEA1 fusion protein (FP). Following subcutaneous injection around the lymphatic nodes the FP was directly released into the lymph nodes under ultrasonic imaging. The results indicated that the microbubbles enhanced the immunoactivity of FPs more effectively than HSP70-MAGEA1 fusion alone. Additionally, HSP70-MAGEA1 delivered via microbubbles clearly inhibited and delayed the growth of MAGEA1-expressing B16 melanomas in mice and improved the survival times of these animals compared with the fusion protein alone. The results of the present study demonstrated that controlled MBs enhance the immunoactivity of FPs and also highlights novel, potential vaccine carriers and a new strategy for engineering controllable tumour vaccine designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yang Nan
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710077, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Xue Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yujin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Diagnosis, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Ming Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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Dillon PM, Petroni GR, Smolkin ME, Brenin DR, Chianese-Bullock KA, Smith KT, Olson WC, Fanous IS, Nail CJ, Brenin CM, Hall EH, Slingluff CL. A pilot study of the immunogenicity of a 9-peptide breast cancer vaccine plus poly-ICLC in early stage breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2017; 5:92. [PMID: 29157306 PMCID: PMC5697108 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-017-0295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. There is evidence that immunotherapy may play a role in the eradication of residual disease. Peptide vaccines for immunotherapy are capable of durable immune memory, but vaccines alone have shown sparse clinical activity against breast cancer to date. Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists and helper peptides are excellent adjuvants for vaccine immunotherapy and they are examined in this human clinical trial. METHODS A vaccine consisting of 9 MHC class I-restricted breast cancer-associated peptides (from MAGE-A1, -A3, and -A10, CEA, NY-ESO-1, and HER2 proteins) was combined with a TLR3 agonist, poly-ICLC, along with a helper peptide derived from tetanus toxoid. The vaccine was administered on days 1, 8, 15, 36, 57, 78. CD8+ T cell responses to the vaccine were assessed by both direct and stimulated interferon gamma ELIspot assays. RESULTS Twelve patients with breast cancer were treated: five had estrogen receptor positive disease and five were HER2 amplified. There were no dose-limiting toxicities. Toxicities were limited to Grade 1 and Grade 2 and included mild injection site reactions and flu-like symptoms, which occurred in most patients. The most common toxicities were injection site reaction/induration and fatigue, which were experienced by 100% and 92% of participants, respectively. In the stimulated ELIspot assays, peptide-specific CD8+ T cell responses were detected in 4 of 11 evaluable patients. Two patients had borderline immune responses to the vaccine. The two peptides derived from CEA were immunogenic. No difference in immune response was evident between patients receiving endocrine therapy and those not receiving endocrine therapy during the vaccine series. CONCLUSIONS Peptide vaccine administered in the adjuvant breast cancer setting was safe and feasible. The TLR3 adjuvant, poly-ICLC, plus helper peptide mixture provided modest immune stimulation. Further optimization is required for this multi-peptide vaccine/adjuvant combination. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (posted 2/15/2012): NCT01532960. Registered 2/8/2012. https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01532960.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelly T Smith
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | | | | | - Carmel J Nail
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | | | - Emily H Hall
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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26
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Krishnadas DK, Wang Y, Sundaram K, Bai F, Lucas KG. Expansion of cancer germline antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for immunotherapy. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317701309. [PMID: 28677424 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317701309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cancer germline antigens MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, and NY-ESO-1 can be used to target relapsed or therapy-resistant malignant solid tumors, and previous studies have demonstrated that these antigens can be epigenetically upregulated on the surface of tumor cells following exposure to low-dose demethylating chemotherapy agents, such as decitabine. The extent to which cancer germline antigen cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be reliably expanded from healthy donors has not been well characterized, specifically in terms of whether these T cells consistently kill antigen-bearing targets or simply produce interferon-γ in the presence of the antigen. Cancer germline antigen cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generated using conventional method and high-density lymphocyte culture method. We demonstrate that there is no difference in the extent of antigen-specific killing with or without CD25 depletion when interleukin-21 is added to the cultures. Cancer germline antigen-specific killer cells could be expanded from 8/12 healthy donors using overlapping peptide mixes derived from MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, and NY-ESO-1 and from 7/9 healthy donors using HLA-restricted epitopes. Furthermore, cytotoxic T lymphocyte derived from 4/5 patients displayed specific cytotoxicity of target cells expressing respective cancer germline antigen and HLA partially matched tumor lines. High-density lymphocyte culture prior to stimulation with cancer germline antigen peptides resulted in antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte from healthy donors and patients from whom cancer germline antigen cytotoxic T lymphocyte culture with conventional methods was not feasible. These data demonstrate that MAGE-A1-, MAGE-A3-, and NY-ESO-1-specific T cells with antigen-specific cytotoxicity can be cultured from healthy donors and patient-derived cells making adoptive immunotherapy with these cytotoxic T lymphocyte feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kolaseri Krishnadas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kumaran Sundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Fanqi Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth G Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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27
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Butterfield LH, Zhao F, Lee S, Tarhini AA, Margolin KA, White RL, Atkins MB, Cohen GI, Whiteside TL, Kirkwood JM, Lawson DH. Immune Correlates of GM-CSF and Melanoma Peptide Vaccination in a Randomized Trial for the Adjuvant Therapy of Resected High-Risk Melanoma (E4697). Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5034-5043. [PMID: 28536308 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: E4697 was a multicenter intergroup randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial of adjuvant GM-CSF and/or a multiepitope melanoma peptide vaccine for patients with completely resected, high-risk stage III/IV melanoma.Experimental Design: A total of 815 patients were enrolled from December 1999 to October 2006 into this six-arm study. GM-CSF was chosen to promote the numbers and functions of dendritic cells (DC). The melanoma antigen peptide vaccine (Tyrosinase368-376 (370D), gp100209-217 (210M), MART-127-35) in montanide was designed to promote melanoma-specific CD8+ T-cell responses.Results: Although the overall RFS and OS were not significantly improved with the vaccine or GM-CSF when compared with placebo, immunomodulatory effects were observed in peripheral blood and served as important correlates to this therapeutic study. Peripheral blood was examined to evaluate the impact of GM-CSF and/or the peptide vaccine on peripheral blood immunity and to investigate potential predictive or prognostic biomarkers. A total of 11.3% of unvaccinated patients and 27.1% of vaccinated patients developed peptide-specific CD8+ T-cell responses. HLA-A2+ patients who had any peptide-specific CD8+ T-cell response at day +43 tended to have poorer OS in univariate analysis. Patients receiving GM-CSF had significant reduction in percentages of circulating myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) at day +43. In a subset of patients who received GM-CSF, circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and anti-GM-CSF-neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) were also modulated. The majority of patients developed anti-GM-CSF Nabs, which correlated with improved RFS and OS.Conclusions: The assessment of cellular and humoral responses identified counterintuitive immune system changes correlating with clinical outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5034-43. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fengmin Zhao
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute - ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandra Lee
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute - ECOG-ACRIN Biostatistics Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Richard L White
- Levine Cancer Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | | | - Gary I Cohen
- Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - David H Lawson
- Winship Cancer institute of Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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28
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Capasso C, Magarkar A, Cervera-Carrascon V, Fusciello M, Feola S, Muller M, Garofalo M, Kuryk L, Tähtinen S, Pastore L, Bunker A, Cerullo V. A novel in silico framework to improve MHC-I epitopes and break the tolerance to melanoma. Oncoimmunology 2017; 6:e1319028. [PMID: 28932628 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1319028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerance toward tumor antigens, which are shared by normal tissues, have often limited the efficacy of cancer vaccines. However, wild type epitopes can be tweaked to activate cross-reactive T-cell clones, resulting in antitumor activity. The design of these analogs (i.e., heteroclitic peptides) can be difficult and time-consuming since no automated in silico tools are available. Hereby we describe the development of an in silico framework to improve the selection of heteroclitic peptides. The Epitope Discovery and Improvement System (EDIS) was first validated by studying the model antigen SIINFEKL. Based on artificial neural network (ANN) predictions, we selected two mutant analogs that are characterized by an increased MHC-I binding affinity (SIINFAKL) or increased TCR stimulation (SIIWFEKL). Therapeutic vaccination using optimized peptides resulted in enhanced antitumor activity and against B16.OVA melanomas in vivo. The translational potential of the EDIS platform was further demonstrated by studying the melanoma-associated antigen tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP2). Following therapeutic immunization with the EDIS-derived epitope SVYDFFAWL, a significant reduction in the growth of established B16.F10 tumors was observed, suggesting a break in the tolerance toward the wild type epitope. Finally, we tested a multi vaccine approach, demonstrating that combination of wild type and mutant epitopes targeting both TRP2 and OVA antigens increases the antitumor response. In conclusion, by taking advantage of available prediction servers and molecular dynamics simulations, we generated an innovative platform for studying the initial sequences and selecting lead candidates with improved immunological features. Taken together, EDIS is the first automated algorithm-driven platform to speed up the design of heteroclitic peptides that can be publicly queried online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Capasso
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Centre for Drug Research at the Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- TILT Biotherapeutics, Helsinki, Finland.,Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Manlio Fusciello
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Feola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Muller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariangela Garofalo
- Centre for Drug Research at the Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Siri Tähtinen
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lucio Pastore
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C. a R.L., Naples, Italy
| | - Alex Bunker
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Salmaninejad A, Zamani MR, Pourvahedi M, Golchehre Z, Hosseini Bereshneh A, Rezaei N. Cancer/Testis Antigens: Expression, Regulation, Tumor Invasion, and Use in Immunotherapy of Cancers. Immunol Invest 2016; 45:619-40. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2016.1197241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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30
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Herzberg B, Fisher DE. Metastatic melanoma and immunotherapy. Clin Immunol 2016; 172:105-110. [PMID: 27430520 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing the immune system to attack cancer cells has represented a holy grail for greater than 100years. While prospects of tumor-selective durable immune based therapies have provided small clinical signals for many decades, recent years have demonstrated a virtual explosion in progress. Melanoma has led the field of cancers in which immunotherapy has produced major clinical inroads. The most significant and impactful immunotherapies for melanoma utilize immune checkpoint inhibition to stimulate T cell mediated tumor killing. The major targets of checkpoint blockade have thus far been CTLA4 and PD1, two key receptors for central and peripheral immune tolerance. This review discusses current understanding of how these checkpoint blockade therapeutics have led to major clinical responses in patients with advanced melanoma. It is likely that we are poised to see significantly greater anti-cancer immunotherapy efficacy, both in improving response rates and durability for melanoma, and for other less immunogenic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Herzberg
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
| | - David E Fisher
- Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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31
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Temizoz B, Kuroda E, Ishii KJ. Vaccine adjuvants as potential cancer immunotherapeutics. Int Immunol 2016; 28:329-38. [PMID: 27006304 PMCID: PMC4922024 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence obtained from various clinical trials and animal studies suggested that cancer vaccines need better adjuvants than those that are currently licensed, which include the most commonly used alum and incomplete Freund's adjuvant, because of either a lack of potent anti-tumor immunity or the induction of undesired immunity. Several clinical trials using immunostimulatory adjuvants, particularly agonistic as well as non-agonistic ligands for TLRs, C-type lectin receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and stimulator of interferon genes, have revealed their therapeutic potential not only as vaccine adjuvants but also as anti-tumor agents. Recently, combinations of such immunostimulatory or immunomodulatory adjuvants have shown superior efficacy over their singular use, suggesting that seeking optimal combinations of the currently available or well-characterized adjuvants may provide a better chance for the development of novel adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Temizoz
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki-City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki-City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Asagi, Saito, Ibaraki-City, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
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32
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Cerny N, Sánchez Alberti A, Bivona AE, De Marzi MC, Frank FM, Cazorla SI, Malchiodi EL. Coadministration of cruzipain and GM-CSF DNAs, a new immunotherapeutic vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:438-50. [PMID: 26312947 PMCID: PMC5049742 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1078044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccine research and development are especially important in Chagas disease considering the characteristics of the chronic infection and the number of people in the Americas living with a parasite infection for decades. We have previously reported the efficacy of attenuated Salmonella enterica (S) carrying plasmid encoding cruzipain (SCz) to protect against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. In the present work we investigated whether Cz DNA vaccine immunotherapy could be effective in controlling an ongoing T. cruzi infection in mice. We here report the intramuscular administration of naked Cz DNA or the oral administration of Salmonella as Cz DNA delivery system as therapeutic vaccines in mice during acute or chronic infection. The coadministration of a plasmid encoding GM-CSF improved vaccine performance, indicating that the stimulation of innate immune cells is needed in the event of an ongoing infection. These therapeutic vaccines were able to address the response to a protective and sustained Th1 biased profile not only against Cz but also against a variety of parasite antigens. The combined therapeutic vaccine during the chronic phase of infection prevents tissue pathology as shown by a reduced level of enzyme activity characteristic of tissue damage and a tissue status compatible with normal tissue. The obtained results suggest that immunotherapy with Cz and GM-CSF DNAs, either alone or in combination with other drug treatments, may represent a promising alternative for Chagas disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Cerny
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología; Departamento Ciencias Básicas- INEDES; Universidad Nacional de Luján; Luján, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Augusto E Bivona
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio C De Marzi
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Inmunología; Departamento Ciencias Básicas- INEDES; Universidad Nacional de Luján; Luján, Argentina
| | - Fernanda M Frank
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Cazorla
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología e Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU); CONICET-UBA; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Universidad de Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; IMPaM (UBA-CONICET) y Departamento de Microbiología; Parasitología e Inmunología; Facultad de Medicina; UBA; Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lawson DH, Lee S, Zhao F, Tarhini AA, Margolin KA, Ernstoff MS, Atkins MB, Cohen GI, Whiteside TL, Butterfield LH, Kirkwood JM. Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase III Trial of Yeast-Derived Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Versus Peptide Vaccination Versus GM-CSF Plus Peptide Vaccination Versus Placebo in Patients With No Evidence of Disease After Complete Surgical Resection of Locally Advanced and/or Stage IV Melanoma: A Trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-American College of Radiology Imaging Network Cancer Research Group (E4697). J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:4066-76. [PMID: 26351350 PMCID: PMC4669592 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.62.0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and peptide vaccination (PV) on relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with resected high-risk melanoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with completely resected stage IV or high-risk stage III melanoma were grouped by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) -A2 status. HLA-A2-positive patients were randomly assigned to receive GM-CSF, PV, both, or placebo; HLA-A2-negative patients, GM-CSF or placebo. Treatment lasted for 1 year or until recurrence. Efficacy analyses were conducted in the intent-to-treat population. RESULTS A total of 815 patients were enrolled. There were no significant improvements in OS (stratified log-rank P = .528; hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% repeated CI, 0.77 to 1.15) or RFS (P = .131; hazard ratio, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.04) in the patients assigned to GM-CSF (n = 408) versus those assigned to placebo (n = 407). The median OS times with GM-CSF versus placebo treatments were 69.6 months (95% CI, 53.4 to 83.5 months) versus 59.3 months (95% CI, 44.4 to 77.3 months); the 5-year OS probability rates were 52.3% (95% CI, 47.3% to 57.1%) versus 49.4% (95% CI, 44.3% to 54.3%), respectively. The median RFS times with GM-CSF versus placebo were 11.4 months (95% CI, 9.4 to 14.8 months) versus 8.8 months (95% CI, 7.5 to 11.2 months); the 5-year RFS probability rates were 31.2% (95% CI, 26.7% to 35.9%) versus 27.0% (95% CI, 22.7% to 31.5%), respectively. Exploratory analyses showed a trend toward improved OS in GM-CSF-treated patients with resected visceral metastases. When survival in HLA-A2-positive patients who received PV versus placebo was compared, RFS and OS were not significantly different. Treatment-related grade 3 or greater adverse events were similar between GM-CSF and placebo groups. CONCLUSION Neither adjuvant GM-CSF nor PV significantly improved RFS or OS in patients with high-risk resected melanoma. Exploratory analyses suggest that GM-CSF may be beneficial in patients with resected visceral metastases; this observation requires prospective validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Lawson
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Sandra Lee
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Fengmin Zhao
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ahmad A Tarhini
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kim A Margolin
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marc S Ernstoff
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael B Atkins
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gary I Cohen
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Theresa L Whiteside
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lisa H Butterfield
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
| | - John M Kirkwood
- David H. Lawson, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Sandra Lee and Fengmin Zhao, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Michael B. Atkins, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Ahmad A. Tarhini, Theresa L. Whiteside, Lisa H. Butterfield, and John M. Kirkwood, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA; Kim A. Margolin, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA; Marc S. Ernstoff, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH; and Gary I. Cohen, Greater Baltimore Medical Center, Baltimore, MD
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Krishnadas DK, Shusterman S, Bai F, Diller L, Sullivan JE, Cheerva AC, George RE, Lucas KG. A phase I trial combining decitabine/dendritic cell vaccine targeting MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3 and NY-ESO-1 for children with relapsed or therapy-refractory neuroblastoma and sarcoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1251-60. [PMID: 26105625 PMCID: PMC11028635 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific immunotherapy was studied in a multi-institutional phase 1/2 study by combining decitabine (DAC) followed by an autologous dendritic cell (DC)/MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3 and NY-ESO-1 peptide vaccine in children with relapsed/refractory solid tumors. Patients aged 2.5-15 years with relapsed neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma were eligible to receive DAC followed by DC pulsed with overlapping peptides derived from full-length MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3 and NY-ESO-1. The primary endpoints were to assess the feasibility and tolerability of this regimen. Each of four cycles consisted of week 1: DAC 10 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days and weeks 2 and 3: DC vaccine once weekly. Fifteen patients were enrolled in the study, of which 10 were evaluable. Generation of DC was highly feasible for all enrolled patients. The treatment regimen was generally well tolerated, with the major toxicity being DAC-related myelosuppression in 5/10 patients. Six of nine patients developed a response to MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3 or NY-ESO-1 peptides post-vaccine. Due to limitations in number of cells available for analysis, controls infected with a virus encoding relevant genes have not been performed. Objective responses were documented in 1/10 patients who had a complete response. Of the two patients who had no evidence of disease at the time of treatment, one remains disease-free 2 years post-therapy, while the other experienced a relapse 10 months post-therapy. The chemoimmunotherapy approach using DAC/DC-CT vaccine is feasible, well tolerated and results in antitumor activity in some patients. Future trials to maximize the likelihood of T cell responses post-vaccine are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa K. Krishnadas
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, 571 South Floyd Street, Suite 445, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Suzanne Shusterman
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana 640E, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Fanqi Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, 571 South Floyd Street, Suite 445, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Lisa Diller
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana 640E, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Janice E. Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, 571 South Floyd Street, Suite 445, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Alexandra C. Cheerva
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, 571 South Floyd Street, Suite 445, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
| | - Rani E. George
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Dana 640E, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Kenneth G. Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, 571 South Floyd Street, Suite 445, Louisville, KY 40202 USA
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van Doorn E, Liu H, Huckriede A, Hak E. Safety and tolerability evaluation of the use of Montanide ISA™51 as vaccine adjuvant: A systematic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 12:159-69. [PMID: 26378866 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1071455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Montanide ISA™51 (ISA 51) is a vaccine adjuvant which has been tested in therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine trials. The aim of this review is to present a comprehensive examination of the safety and tolerability of ISA 51 containing vaccines. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and clinicaltrials.gov . Eligible studies were categorized into: (A) uncontrolled studies with non-healthy subjects, (B) controlled studies with non-healthy subjects, and (C) controlled studies with healthy subjects. Reported adverse events (AEs) were assessed. 91 studies were included in our review. Generally observed AEs included injection site reaction; injection site pain; myalgia; headache; gastro-intestinal disorders; fatigue and fever - regardless of the administration route and subject characteristic. Specific AEs, e.g. injection site reactions and rash, were more frequently reported from subjects receiving ISA 51-adjuvanted vaccines than from subjects receiving antigen or ISA 51 only. The reported AEs were mainly mild to moderate in intensity. Serious AEs (SAEs) were reported in 27% of the uncontrolled trials and 2 trials conducted with healthy subjects. Notably, 2 other trials conducted with healthy subjects were stopped due to unacceptable AEs. Some studies indicate that the mixing procedure of antigen and adjuvant might influence the occurrence of AEs. Reports on SAEs and premature termination of 2 trials advise caution when using ISA 51. Yet, AEs might be preventable by proper mixing of vaccine and adjuvant to a stable emulsion. Trials including an active control group are needed for a fair evaluation of adjuvant safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva van Doorn
- a Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology and PharmacoEconomics (PE2); Department of Pharmacy; University of Groningen ; Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Heng Liu
- a Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology and PharmacoEconomics (PE2); Department of Pharmacy; University of Groningen ; Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Anke Huckriede
- b Department of Medical Microbiology ; University of Groningen; University Medical Center of Groningen ; Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Eelko Hak
- a Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology and PharmacoEconomics (PE2); Department of Pharmacy; University of Groningen ; Groningen , The Netherlands
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Biomarkers for glioma immunotherapy: the next generation. J Neurooncol 2015; 123:359-72. [PMID: 25724916 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1746-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The term "biomarker" historically refers to a single parameter, such as the expression level of a gene or a radiographic pattern, used to indicate a broader biological state. Molecular indicators have been applied to several aspects of cancer therapy: to describe the genotypic and phenotypic state of neoplastic tissue for prognosis, to predict susceptibility to anti-proliferative agents, to validate the presence of specific drug targets, and to evaluate responsiveness to therapy. For glioblastoma (GBM), immunohistochemical and radiographic biomarkers accessible to the clinical lab have informed traditional regimens, but while immunotherapies have emerged as potentially disruptive weapons against this diffusely infiltrating, heterogeneous tumor, biomarkers with strong predictive power have not been fully established. The cancer immunotherapy field, through the recently accelerated expansion of trials, is currently leveraging this wealth of clinical and biological data to define and revise the use of biomarkers for improving prognostic accuracy, personalization of therapy, and evaluation of responses across the wide variety of tumors. Technological advancements in DNA sequencing, cytometry, and microscopy have facilitated the exploration of more integrated, high-dimensional profiling of the disease system-incorporating both immune and tumor parameters-rather than single metrics, as biomarkers for therapeutic sensitivity. Here we discuss the utility of traditional GBM biomarkers in immunotherapy and how the impending transformation of the biomarker paradigm-from single markers to integrated profiles-may offer the key to bringing predictive, personalized immunotherapy to GBM patients.
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Batich KA, Swartz AM, Sampson JH. Enhancing dendritic cell-based vaccination for highly aggressive glioblastoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 15:79-94. [PMID: 25327832 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.972361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with primary glioblastoma (GBM) have a dismal prognosis despite standard therapy, which can induce potentially deleterious side effects. Arming the immune system is an alternative therapeutic approach, as its cellular effectors and inherent capacity for memory can be utilized to specifically target invasive tumor cells, while sparing collateral damage to otherwise healthy brain parenchyma. AREAS COVERED Active immunotherapy is aimed at eliciting a specific immune response against tumor antigens. Dendritic cells (DCs) are one of the most potent activators of de novo and recall immune responses and are thus a vehicle for successful immunotherapy. Currently, investigators are optimizing DC vaccines by enhancing maturation status and migratory potential to induce more potent antitumor responses. An update on the most recent DC immunotherapy trials is provided. EXPERT OPINION Targeting of unique antigens restricted to the tumor itself is the most important parameter in advancing DC vaccines. In order to overcome intrinsic mechanisms of immune evasion observed in GBM, the future of DC-based therapy lies in a multi-antigenic vaccine approach. Successful targeting of multiple antigens will require a comprehensive understanding of all immunologically relevant oncological epitopes present in each tumor, thereby permitting a rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Batich
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery ; Durham, NC 27710 , USA
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Kaufman HL, Ruby CE, Hughes T, Slingluff CL. Current status of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the immunotherapy of melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2014; 2:11. [PMID: 24971166 PMCID: PMC4072479 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2012, it was estimated that 9180 people in the United States would die from melanoma and that more than 76,000 new cases would be diagnosed. Surgical resection is effective for early-stage melanoma, but outcomes are poor for patients with advanced disease. Expression of tumor-associated antigens by melanoma cells makes the disease a promising candidate for immunotherapy. The hematopoietic cytokine granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has a variety of effects on the immune system including activation of T cells and maturation of dendritic cells, as well as an ability to promote humoral and cell-mediated responses. Given its immunobiology, there has been interest in strategies incorporating GM-CSF in the treatment of melanoma. Preclinical studies with GM-CSF have suggested that it has antitumor activity against melanoma and can enhance the activity of anti-melanoma vaccines. Numerous clinical studies have evaluated recombinant GM-CSF as a monotherapy, as adjuvant with or without cancer vaccines, or in combination with chemotherapy. Although there have been suggestions of clinical benefit in some studies, results have been inconsistent. More recently, novel approaches incorporating GM-CSF in the treatment of melanoma have been evaluated. These have included oncolytic immunotherapy with the GM-CSF–expressing engineered herpes simplex virus talimogene laherparepvec and administration of GM-CSF in combination with ipilimumab, both of which have improved patient outcomes in phase 3 studies. This review describes the diverse body of preclinical and clinical evidence regarding use of GM-CSF in the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard L Kaufman
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Carl E Ruby
- Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina St Suite 527, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tasha Hughes
- Rush University Medical Center, 600 S Paulina St Suite 527, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Craig L Slingluff
- University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800709, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Association of polymorphisms at HORMAD2 and prognosis in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:414-8. [PMID: 24797335 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-testis (CT) genes are predominantly expressed in the testis and are ectopically activated in a wide range of cancers. The expression of CT antigens has been shown to significantly affect the survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recently, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and expression analysis have identified a novel CT gene (HORMAD2) associated with lung cancer risk in Han Chinese people. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the potential prognostic value of HORMAD2 polymorphisms in Han Chinese patients with advanced NSCLC and undergoing first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HORMAD2 with the potential function of affecting the binding of transcription factors, and we genotyped these SNPs in 303 patients with advanced NSCLC using the MassARRAY platform. All patients were treated with first-line platinum-based chemotherapy but without surgery. Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the survival analyses. RESULTS Four SNPs at HORMAD2 (rs9620953, rs8135823, rs5753025 and rs9625921) were significantly associated with the survival of advanced NSCLC patients. Among these, patients with the rs9620953 T allele had a significantly reduced risk of death compared to those with the C allele (additive model: HR, 0.53, 95%CI, 0.32-0.89, P=0.016; dominant model: HR, 0.50, 95%CI, 0.29-0.84, P=0.010). Similarly, the G allele at rs8135823 could decrease the death risk of NSCLC patients compared to the T allele (additive model: HR, 0.63, 95%CI, 0.41-0.95, P=0.028; dominant model: HR, 0.60, 95%CI, 0.39-0.93, P=0.022). Furthermore, both the rs5753025 C allele and the rs9625921 G allele also decreased the death risk in NSCLC in different genetic models (additive model for rs5753025: HR, 0.80, 95%CI, 0.65-0.98, P=0.032; heterozygote model for rs9625921: HR, 0.71, 95%CI, 0.51-0.99, P=0.040). In the joint effect analyses, we found that patients with one, two, and three to eight favorable alleles had a better survival compared with patients carrying no alleles. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that polymorphisms at the CT gene HORMAD2 might be involved in the prognosis of advanced NSCLC in Han Chinese. Further larger and functional studies are needed to confirm the results.
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Levast B, Awate S, Babiuk L, Mutwiri G, Gerdts V, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S. Vaccine Potentiation by Combination Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:297-322. [PMID: 26344621 PMCID: PMC4494260 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2020297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are crucial components of vaccines. They significantly improve vaccine efficacy by modulating, enhancing, or extending the immune response and at the same time reducing the amount of antigen needed. In contrast to previously licensed adjuvants, current successful adjuvant formulations often consist of several molecules, that when combined, act synergistically by activating a variety of immune mechanisms. These "combination adjuvants" are already registered with several vaccines, both in humans and animals, and novel combination adjuvants are in the pipeline. With improved knowledge of the type of immune responses needed to successfully induce disease protection by vaccination, combination adjuvants are particularly suited to not only enhance, but also direct the immune responses desired to be either Th1-, Th2- or Th17-biased. Indeed, in view of the variety of disease and population targets for vaccine development, a panel of adjuvants will be needed to address different disease targets and populations. Here, we will review well-known and new combination adjuvants already licensed or currently in development-including ISCOMs, liposomes, Adjuvant Systems Montanides, and triple adjuvant combinations-and summarize their performance in preclinical and clinical trials. Several of these combination adjuvants are promising having promoted improved and balanced immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Levast
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Sunita Awate
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
| | - Lorne Babiuk
- University Hall, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J9, Canada.
| | - George Mutwiri
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Volker Gerdts
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
- Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Sylvia van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk
- VIDO-Intervac, University of Saskatchewan, 120 Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada.
- Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.
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Decitabine facilitates immune recognition of sarcoma cells by upregulating CT antigens, MHC molecules, and ICAM-1. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:5753-62. [PMID: 24584817 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-1764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma are the most common types of sarcoma in children. Despite standard therapy, nearly one third of the patients with Ewing's sarcoma relapse, and there are limited options with curative potential. Immunotherapy is a promising approach as it can target tumor-specific antigens that are specifically expressed on tumors while sparing non-malignant cells. We have demonstrated that a demethylating chemotherapeutic drug, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (decitabine, DAC) can upregulate the expression of cancer-testis (CT) antigens, MHC molecules, and intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 on pediatric sarcoma cell lines, resulting in enhanced killing of tumor cells by CT antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes derived from pediatric sarcoma patients. A significant increase in the mRNA expression levels of MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A3 were found in 70 %, and NY-ESO-1 in 80 % of the sarcoma lines following exposure to pharmacological levels of DAC. The high expression levels of MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, and NY-ESO-1 were sustained in sarcoma lines and primary tumor lines over 30 days after the cessation of DAC. Furthermore, DAC treatment induced upregulation of MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, or NY-ESO-1 protein expression in seven of nine lines studied. These studies show that demethylating chemotherapy could be combined with CT antigen-directed immunotherapy for treating pediatric sarcoma.
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Nitcheu Tefit J, Serra V. Outlining novel cellular adjuvant products for therapeutic vaccines against cancer. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:1207-20. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.11.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mutwiri G, Gerdts V, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S, Auray G, Eng N, Garlapati S, Babiuk LA, Potter A. Combination adjuvants: the next generation of adjuvants? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 10:95-107. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Jiang J, Xie D, Zhang W, Xiao G, Wen J. Fusion of Hsp70 to Mage-a1 enhances the potency of vaccine-specific immune responses. J Transl Med 2013; 11:300. [PMID: 24314011 PMCID: PMC4029478 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are capable of promoting antigen presentation of chaperoned peptides through interactions with receptors on antigen presenting cells. This property of HSPs suggests a potential function as an adjuvant-free carrier to stimulate immune responses against a covalently linked fusion partner. MAGE-A1 is a likely candidate for tumor immunotherapy due to its abundant immunogenic epitopes and strict tumor specificity. To analyze the influence of HSP70 conjugation to MAGE-A1, towards developing a novel effective vaccine against MAGE-expressing tumors, we cloned the murine counterpart of the human HSP70 and MAGE-A1 genes. Methods Recombinant proteins expressing Mage-a1 (aa 118–219), Hsp70, and Mage-a1-Hsp70 fusion were purified and used to immunize C57BL/6 mice. The humoral and cellular responses elicited against Mage-a1 were measured by ELISA, IFN-γ ELISPOT assay, and cytotoxicity assay. Results Immunization of mice with Mage-a1-Hsp70 fusion protein elicited significantly higher Mage-a1-specific antibody titers than immunization with either Mage-a1 alone or a combination of Mage-a1 + Hsp70. The frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells and the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was also elevated. Consistent with the elevated immune response, immunization with fusion protein induced potent in vivo antitumor immunity against MAGE-a1-expressing tumors. Conclusions These results indicate that the fusion of Hsp70 to Mage-a1 can enhance immune responses and anti-tumor effects against Mage-a1-expressing tumors. Fusion of HSP70 to a tumor antigen may greatly enhance the potency of protein vaccines and can potentially be applied to other cancer systems with known tumor-specific antigens. These findings provide a scientific basis for the development of a novel HSP70 and MAGE fusion protein vaccine against MAGE-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151, Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Abstract
The identification of cancer testis (CT) antigens has been an important advance in determining potential targets for cancer immunotherapy. Multiple previous studies have shown that CT antigen vaccines, using both peptides and dendritic cell vaccines, can elicit clinical and immunologic responses in several different tumors. This review details the expression of melanoma antigen family A, 1 (MAGE-A1), melanoma antigen family A, 3 (MAGE-A3), and New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) in various malignancies, and presents our current understanding of CT antigen based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fanqi Bai
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kenneth G Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Louisville, KY, USA
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Krishnadas DK, Shapiro T, Lucas K. Complete remission following decitabine/dendritic cell vaccine for relapsed neuroblastoma. Pediatrics 2013; 131:e336-41. [PMID: 23266925 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with relapsed stage 4 neuroblastoma have an extremely poor long-term prognosis, making the investigation of new agents of interest. We report the outcome of the first patient treated in a phase 1 study for relapsed neuroblastoma, using the chemotherapy agent decitabine to upregulate cancer testis antigen expression, followed by a dendritic cell vaccine targeting the cancer testis antigens MAGE-A1, MAGE-A3, and NY-ESO-1. Our patient had persistent tumor in his bone marrow after completion of standard therapy for neuroblastoma, including multiagent chemotherapy, tumor resection, stem cell transplantation, radiation therapy, and anti-GD2 monoclonal antibodies. His marrow disease persisted despite chemotherapy, which was given while the vaccine was being produced. After 3 cycles of decitabine and vaccine, this patient achieved a complete remission and is now 1 year from his last treatment, with no evidence of tumor in his bone marrow or other sites. This patient was noted to have an increase in MAGE-A3-specific T cells. This is the first report combining demethylating chemotherapy to enhance tumor antigen expression followed by a cancer antigen vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Kolaseri Krishnadas
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Penn State Children’s Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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Xu QW, Zhao W, Wang Y, Sartor MA, Han DM, Deng J, Ponnala R, Yang JY, Zhang QY, Liao GQ, Qu YM, Li L, Liu FF, Zhao HM, Yin YH, Chen WF, Zhang Y, Wang XS. An integrated genome-wide approach to discover tumor-specific antigens as potential immunologic and clinical targets in cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:6351-61. [PMID: 23135912 PMCID: PMC3525759 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-1656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-specific antigens (TSA) are central elements in the immune control of cancers. To systematically explore the TSA genome, we developed a computational technology called heterogeneous expression profile analysis (HEPA), which can identify genes relatively uniquely expressed in cancer cells in contrast to normal somatic tissues. Rating human genes by their HEPA score enriched for clinically useful TSA genes, nominating candidate targets whose tumor-specific expression was verified by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Coupled with HEPA, we designed a novel assay termed protein A/G-based reverse serological evaluation (PARSE) for quick detection of serum autoantibodies against an array of putative TSA genes. Remarkably, highly tumor-specific autoantibody responses against seven candidate targets were detected in 4% to 11% of patients, resulting in distinctive autoantibody signatures in lung and stomach cancers. Interrogation of a larger cohort of 149 patients and 123 healthy individuals validated the predictive value of the autoantibody signature for lung cancer. Together, our results establish an integrated technology to uncover a cancer-specific antigen genome offering a reservoir of novel immunologic and clinical targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wen Xu
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maureen A. Sartor
- National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dong-Mei Han
- Department of Hematology, PLA Air Force General Hospital, Beijing 100036, China
| | - Jixin Deng
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Rakesh Ponnala
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiang-Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Yun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Liao
- Department of Oncology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Mei Qu
- Department of Oncology, PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the 306th Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Hui Yin
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Feng Chen
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Song Wang
- Lester & Sue Smith Breast Center and Dan L, Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, CCMB, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA
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48
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Mengus C, Schultz-Thater E, Coulot J, Kastelan Z, Goluza E, Coric M, Spagnoli GC, Hudolin T. MAGE-A10 cancer/testis antigen is highly expressed in high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:2459-63. [PMID: 23125074 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common urinary malignancy and a prevalent cause of cancer-related death. Current therapies of early stage non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are frequently associated with undesirable toxicities and recurrence. Active antigen-specific immunotherapy may provide a valid therapeutic option for patients with NMIBC. Cancer-testis antigens (CTA) expressed in various tumour types and in a limited range of healthy tissues may represent potential targets for specific immunotherapy. MAGE-A10 is probably the most immunogenic antigen of the MAGE-A family. We evaluated the expression of MAGE-A10 in NMIBC. Seventy-nine patients undergoing surgical treatment for NMIBC were enrolled in the study. MAGE-A10 gene expression was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections. MAGE-A10 gene was specifically expressed in one-third of NMIBC (n = 24: 32.43%). Gene expression was correlated with high tumour grade. MAGE-A10 protein was exclusively detectable in nuclei of tumour cells. More importantly, MAGE-A10 protein was also more frequently detectable in high-grade tumours (p = 0.0001) and in stage T1 tumours invading subepithelial tissue or lamina propria (p = 0.01). A strong correlation between MAGE-A10 staining score and tumour grade and stage could accordingly be observed. These data indicate that MAGE-A10 expression is a feature of aggressive NMIBC and might be used as a novel target for specific immunotherapy of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Mengus
- ICFS, Departments of Surgery and Biomedicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
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Goldinger SM, Dummer R, Baumgaertner P, Mihic-Probst D, Schwarz K, Hammann-Haenni A, Willers J, Geldhof C, Prior JO, Kündig TM, Michielin O, Bachmann MF, Speiser DE. Nano-particle vaccination combined with TLR-7 and -9 ligands triggers memory and effector CD8⁺ T-cell responses in melanoma patients. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:3049-61. [PMID: 22806397 PMCID: PMC3549564 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201142361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Optimal vaccine strategies must be identified for improving T-cell vaccination against infectious and malignant diseases. MelQbG10 is a virus-like nano-particle loaded with A-type CpG-oligonucleotides (CpG-ODN) and coupled to peptide(16-35) derived from Melan-A/MART-1. In this phase IIa clinical study, four groups of stage III-IV melanoma patients were vaccinated with MelQbG10, given (i) with IFA (Montanide) s.c.; (ii) with IFA s.c. and topical Imiquimod; (iii) i.d. with topical Imiquimod; or (iv) as intralymph node injection. In total, 16/21 (76%) patients generated ex vivo detectable Melan-A/MART-1-specific T-cell responses. T-cell frequencies were significantly higher when IFA was used as adjuvant, resulting in detectable T-cell responses in all (11/11) patients, with predominant generation of effector-memory-phenotype cells. In turn, Imiquimod induced higher proportions of central-memory-phenotype cells and increased percentages of CD127(+) (IL-7R) T cells. Direct injection of MelQbG10 into lymph nodes resulted in lower T-cell frequencies, associated with lower proportions of memory and effector-phenotype T cells. Swelling of vaccine site draining lymph nodes, and increased glucose uptake at PET/CT was observed in 13/15 (87%) of evaluable patients, reflecting vaccine triggered immune reactions in lymph nodes. We conclude that the simultaneous use of both Imiquimod and CpG-ODN induced combined memory and effector CD8(+) T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone M Goldinger
- Dermatology and Pathology Departments, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Multipeptide immune response to cancer vaccine IMA901 after single-dose cyclophosphamide associates with longer patient survival. Nat Med 2012; 18:1254-61. [PMID: 22842478 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 615] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMA901 is the first therapeutic vaccine for renal cell cancer (RCC) consisting of multiple tumor-associated peptides (TUMAPs) confirmed to be naturally presented in human cancer tissue. We treated a total of 96 human leukocyte antigen A (HLA-A)*02(+) subjects with advanced RCC with IMA901 in two consecutive studies. In the phase 1 study, the T cell responses of the patients to multiple TUMAPs were associated with better disease control and lower numbers of prevaccine forkhead box P3 (FOXP3)(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. The randomized phase 2 trial showed that a single dose of cyclophosphamide reduced the number of T(reg) cells and confirmed that immune responses to multiple TUMAPs were associated with longer overall survival. Furthermore, among six predefined populations of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, two were prognostic for overall survival, and among over 300 serum biomarkers, we identified apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) as being predictive for both immune response to IMA901 and overall survival. A randomized phase 3 study to determine the clinical benefit of treatment with IMA901 is ongoing.
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