1
|
Caldara R, Tomajer V, Monti P, Sordi V, Citro A, Chimienti R, Gremizzi C, Catarinella D, Tentori S, Paloschi V, Melzi R, Mercalli A, Nano R, Magistretti P, Partelli S, Piemonti L. Allo Beta Cell transplantation: specific features, unanswered questions, and immunological challenge. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1323439. [PMID: 38077372 PMCID: PMC10701551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) presents a persistent medical challenge, demanding innovative strategies for sustained glycemic control and enhanced patient well-being. Beta cells are specialized cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. When beta cells are damaged or destroyed, insulin production decreases, which leads to T1D. Allo Beta Cell Transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue, with the goal of reinstating glucose regulation and insulin production in T1D patients. However, the path to success in this approach is fraught with complex immunological hurdles that demand rigorous exploration and resolution for enduring therapeutic efficacy. This exploration focuses on the distinct immunological characteristics inherent to Allo Beta Cell Transplantation. An understanding of these unique challenges is pivotal for the development of effective therapeutic interventions. The critical role of glucose regulation and insulin in immune activation is emphasized, with an emphasis on the intricate interplay between beta cells and immune cells. The transplantation site, particularly the liver, is examined in depth, highlighting its relevance in the context of complex immunological issues. Scrutiny extends to recipient and donor matching, including the utilization of multiple islet donors, while also considering the potential risk of autoimmune recurrence. Moreover, unanswered questions and persistent gaps in knowledge within the field are identified. These include the absence of robust evidence supporting immunosuppression treatments, the need for reliable methods to assess rejection and treatment protocols, the lack of validated biomarkers for monitoring beta cell loss, and the imperative need for improved beta cell imaging techniques. In addition, attention is drawn to emerging directions and transformative strategies in the field. This encompasses alternative immunosuppressive regimens and calcineurin-free immunoprotocols, as well as a reevaluation of induction therapy and recipient preconditioning methods. Innovative approaches targeting autoimmune recurrence, such as CAR Tregs and TCR Tregs, are explored, along with the potential of stem stealth cells, tissue engineering, and encapsulation to overcome the risk of graft rejection. In summary, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the inherent immunological obstacles associated with Allo Beta Cell Transplantation. It offers valuable insights into emerging strategies and directions that hold great promise for advancing the field and ultimately improving outcomes for individuals living with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Caldara
- Clinic Unit of Regenerative Medicine and Organ Transplants, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Tomajer
- Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Monti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Citro
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raniero Chimienti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Gremizzi
- Clinic Unit of Regenerative Medicine and Organ Transplants, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Catarinella
- Clinic Unit of Regenerative Medicine and Organ Transplants, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Tentori
- Clinic Unit of Regenerative Medicine and Organ Transplants, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Paloschi
- Clinic Unit of Regenerative Medicine and Organ Transplants, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffella Melzi
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Mercalli
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Nano
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Magistretti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Partelli
- Pancreatic Surgery, Pancreas Translational & Clinical Research Center, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Clinic Unit of Regenerative Medicine and Organ Transplants, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bissa M, Galli V, Schifanella L, Vaccari M, Rahman MA, Gorini G, Binello N, Sarkis S, Gutowska A, Silva de Castro I, Doster MN, Moles R, Ferrari G, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, N’guessan KF, Paquin-Proulx D, Kozlowski PA, Venzon DJ, Choo-Wosoba H, Breed MW, Kramer J, Franchini G. In Vivo Treatment with Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Reduces CCR5 Expression on Vaccine-Induced Activated CD4 + T-Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1662. [PMID: 38005994 PMCID: PMC10675829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
At the heart of the DNA/ALVAC/gp120/alum vaccine's efficacy in the absence of neutralizing antibodies is a delicate balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses that effectively decreases the risk of SIVmac251 acquisition in macaques. Vaccine efficacy is linked to antibodies recognizing the V2 helical conformation, DC-10 tolerogenic dendritic cells eliciting the clearance of apoptotic cells via efferocytosis, and CCR5 downregulation on vaccine-induced gut homing CD4+ cells. RAS activation is also linked to vaccine efficacy, which prompted the testing of IGF-1, a potent inducer of RAS activation with vaccination. We found that IGF-1 changed the hierarchy of V1/V2 epitope recognition and decreased both ADCC specific for helical V2 and efferocytosis. Remarkably, IGF-1 also reduced the expression of CCR5 on vaccine-induced CD4+ gut-homing T-cells, compensating for its negative effect on ADCC and efferocytosis and resulting in equivalent vaccine efficacy (71% with IGF-1 and 69% without).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Veronica Galli
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Tulane National Primate Center & School of Medicine, Tulane University, Covington, LA 70118, USA
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giacomo Gorini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicolò Binello
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Isabela Silva de Castro
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Melvin N. Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kombo F. N’guessan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Pamela A. Kozlowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthew W. Breed
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Joshua Kramer
- Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Makhijani P, Basso PJ, Chan YT, Chen N, Baechle J, Khan S, Furman D, Tsai S, Winer DA. Regulation of the immune system by the insulin receptor in health and disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1128622. [PMID: 36992811 PMCID: PMC10040865 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1128622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways downstream of the insulin receptor (InsR) are some of the most evolutionarily conserved pathways that regulate organism longevity and metabolism. InsR signaling is well characterized in metabolic tissues, such as liver, muscle, and fat, actively orchestrating cellular processes, including growth, survival, and nutrient metabolism. However, cells of the immune system also express the InsR and downstream signaling machinery, and there is increasing appreciation for the involvement of InsR signaling in shaping the immune response. Here, we summarize current understanding of InsR signaling pathways in different immune cell subsets and their impact on cellular metabolism, differentiation, and effector versus regulatory function. We also discuss mechanistic links between altered InsR signaling and immune dysfunction in various disease settings and conditions, with a focus on age related conditions, such as type 2 diabetes, cancer and infection vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Makhijani
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Paulo José Basso
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yi Tao Chan
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nan Chen
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jordan Baechle
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Stanford 1, 000 Immunomes Project, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Pilar, Argentina
| | - Sue Tsai
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel A. Winer
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Institute for Research in Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Buck Artificial Intelligence Platform, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye S, Hua S, Zhou M. Transient B-cell depletion and regulatory T-cells mediation in combination with adenovirus mediated IGF-1 prevents and reverses autoimmune diabetes in NOD mice. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:529-537. [PMID: 36226521 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2128782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the T cells mediated autoimmune diseases, although B cells also play an important role in the development. Both T cell and B cell targeted immunotherapies exhibited efficacies in preventing and reversing the T1D. Current study was performed to investigate the protective effects of anti-CD20/CD3 bi-specific antibody (bsAb) in combination with adenovirus mediated mouse insulin-like growth factor 1 (Adv-mIGF-1) gene on T1D in non-obese diabetes (NOD) mice. To simultaneously restore the proportion of Th cells and block the interaction of B cells as well as mediate T cell populations, the NOD model mice were randomly assigned to four groups received the saline, anti-CD20/CD3 bsAb and Adv-mIGF-1 gene alone or combination, respectively. After 16-consecutive weeks intervention, the ELISA, RT-PCR, western blot and histopathological analysis were performed to assess the pancreatic tissues and serum samples to evaluate the treatment effects. Chronic treatment of combination therapy improved T1D morbidity by improving the compartment and function of the CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs, reversing the secretion of insulin, controlling the blood glucose levels (BGLs) and alleviating insulitis as well as cell apoptosis in the NOD model mice. Moreover, current combination therapy also accelerated the proliferation and differentiation of pancreatic β cells via suppressing the apoptosis-related factors, including caspase-3, caspase-8 and Fas, and activating the Bcl-2-related anti-apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, the cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) and pancreatic duodenal homoplasmic box-1 (PDX-1), as two important stem cell markers of pancreas were both significantly improved by treatment of combination therapy. On conclusions, chronic treatment of anti-CD20/CD3 bsAb in combination with Adv-mIGF-1 gene exerts synergistic protection on T1D in the NOD mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Saimei Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Meiyang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Erlandsson MC, Erdogan S, Wasén C, Andersson KME, Silfverswärd ST, Pullerits R, Bemark M, Bokarewa MI. IGF1R signalling is a guardian of self-tolerance restricting autoantibody production. Front Immunol 2022; 13:958206. [PMID: 36105797 PMCID: PMC9464816 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.958206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) acts at the crossroad between immunity and cancer, being an attractive therapeutic target in these areas. IGF1R is broadly expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APC). Using mice immunised with the methylated albumin from bovine serum (BSA-immunised mice) and human CD14+ APCs, we investigated the role that IGF1R plays during adaptive immune responses. Methods The mBSA-immunised mice were treated with synthetic inhibitor NT157 or short hairpin RNA to inhibit IGF1R signalling, and spleens were analysed by immunohistology and flow cytometry. The levels of autoantibody and cytokine production were measured by microarray or conventional ELISA. The transcriptional profile of CD14+ cells from blood of 55 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was analysed with RNA-sequencing. Results Inhibition of IGF1R resulted in perifollicular infiltration of functionally compromised S256-phosphorylated FoxO1+ APCs, and an increased frequency of IgM+CD21+ B cells, which enlarged the marginal zone (MZ). Enlargement of MHCII+CD11b+ APCs ensured favourable conditions for their communication with IgM+ B cells in the MZ. The reduced expression of ICOSL and CXCR5 by APCs after IGF1R inhibition led to impaired T cell control, which resulted in autoreactivity of extra-follicular B cells and autoantibody production. In the clinical setting, the low expression of IGF1R on CD14+ APCs was associated with an involuted FOXO pathway, non-inflammatory cell metabolism and a high IL10 production characteristic for tolerogenic macrophages. Furthermore, autoantibody positivity was associated with low IGF1R signalling in CD14+ APCs. Conclusions In experimental model and in patient material, this study demonstrates that IGF1R plays an important role in preventing autoimmunity. The study raises awareness of that immune tolerance may be broken during therapeutic IGF1R targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin C. Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Seval Erdogan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Caroline Wasén
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin M. E. Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia T. Silfverswärd
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rille Pullerits
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Bemark
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria I. Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Rheumatology Clinic, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Maria I. Bokarewa,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Therapeutic IGF-I receptor inhibition alters fibrocyte immune phenotype in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114244118. [PMID: 34949642 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114244118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) represents a disfiguring and potentially blinding autoimmune component of Graves' disease. It appears to be driven, at least in part, by autoantibodies targeting the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR)/insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR) complex. Actions mediated through either TSHR or IGF-IR are dependent on IGF-IR activity. CD34+ fibrocytes, monocyte lineage cells, reside uniquely in the TAO orbit, where they masquerade as CD34+ orbital fibroblasts. Fibrocytes present antigens to T cells through their display of the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) while providing costimulation through B7 proteins (CD80, CD86, and programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1]). Here, we demonstrate that teprotumumab, an anti-IGF-IR inhibitor, attenuates constitutive expression and induction by the thyroid-stimulating hormone of MHC II and these B7 members in CD34+ fibrocytes. These actions are mediated through reduction of respective gene transcriptional activity. Other IGF-IR inhibitors (1H7 and linsitinib) and knocking down IGF-IR gene expression had similar effects. Interrogation of circulating fibrocytes collected from patients with TAO, prior to and following teprotumumab treatment in vivo during a phase 2 clinical trial, demonstrated reductions in cell-surface MHC II and B7 proteins similar to those found following IGF-IR inhibitor treatment in vitro. Teprotumumab therapy reduces levels of interferon-γ and IL-17A expression in circulating CD4+ T cells, effects that may be indirect and mediated through actions of the drug on fibrocytes. Teprotumumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for TAO. Our current findings identify potential mechanisms through which teprotumumab might be eliciting its clinical response systemically in patients with TAO, potentially by restoring immune tolerance.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ugradar S, Wang Y, Mester T, Kahaly GJ, Douglas R. Improvement of asymmetric thyroid eye disease with teprotumumab. Br J Ophthalmol 2021; 106:755-759. [PMID: 33579690 PMCID: PMC9132868 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-318314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Teprotumumab, a specific blocking antibody to the insulin like growth factor 1 receptor, significantly reduced proptosis in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) in recent clinical trials. Given its specificity, we expect it to demonstrate greater efficacy on the worse affected orbit, in patients with asymmetric TED. Herein, we investigate the differential impact of teprotumumab on the orbits of such patients. Methods In this pooled analysis of patients who were enrolled in the recent phase 2 (NCT01868997) and phase 3 (NCT03298867) trials, all patients with asymmetric TED (difference in exophthalmometry of ≥3 mm) were screened for eligibility. The primary outcomes of the trials, proptosis, diplopia and Clinical Activity Score (CAS) response, were evaluated in both orbits of patients who had received treatment or placebo, to examine the differential response from baseline to week 24. Results From a pooled group of 84 patients randomised to receive teprotumumab and 87 randomised to placebo, 10 (12%) and 12 (14%), respectively, met the inclusion criteria. The teprotumumab-treated patients demonstrated significant reductions in proptosis, CAS and diplopia in both orbits of each patient and this was not seen with placebo. The reduction in proptosis and CAS was significantly greater in the worse affected orbit, improving symmetry. In the placebo arm, while the mean CAS in the study eye reduced over time, proptosis and diplopia did not change in either orbit. Conclusion The findings in this study suggest the differential impact of teprotumumab on orbits that are clinically more affected by TED, suggesting that teprotumumab reduces asymmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Ugradar
- Orbital and Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yao Wang
- Oculoplastics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tunde Mester
- Oculoplastics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - George J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Raymond Douglas
- Ophthalmology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koohy H, Bolland DJ, Matheson LS, Schoenfelder S, Stellato C, Dimond A, Várnai C, Chovanec P, Chessa T, Denizot J, Manzano Garcia R, Wingett SW, Freire-Pritchett P, Nagano T, Hawkins P, Stephens L, Elderkin S, Spivakov M, Fraser P, Corcoran AE, Varga-Weisz PD. Genome organization and chromatin analysis identify transcriptional downregulation of insulin-like growth factor signaling as a hallmark of aging in developing B cells. Genome Biol 2018; 19:126. [PMID: 30180872 PMCID: PMC6124017 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-018-1489-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is characterized by loss of function of the adaptive immune system, but the underlying causes are poorly understood. To assess the molecular effects of aging on B cell development, we profiled gene expression and chromatin features genome-wide, including histone modifications and chromosome conformation, in bone marrow pro-B and pre-B cells from young and aged mice. RESULTS Our analysis reveals that the expression levels of most genes are generally preserved in B cell precursors isolated from aged compared with young mice. Nonetheless, age-specific expression changes are observed at numerous genes, including microRNA encoding genes. Importantly, these changes are underpinned by multi-layered alterations in chromatin structure, including chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, long-range promoter interactions, and nuclear compartmentalization. Previous work has shown that differentiation is linked to changes in promoter-regulatory element interactions. We find that aging in B cell precursors is accompanied by rewiring of such interactions. We identify transcriptional downregulation of components of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway, in particular downregulation of Irs1 and upregulation of Let-7 microRNA expression, as a signature of the aged phenotype. These changes in expression are associated with specific alterations in H3K27me3 occupancy, suggesting that Polycomb-mediated repression plays a role in precursor B cell aging. CONCLUSIONS Changes in chromatin and 3D genome organization play an important role in shaping the altered gene expression profile of aged precursor B cells. Components of the insulin-like growth factor signaling pathways are key targets of epigenetic regulation in aging in bone marrow B cell precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Koohy
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Bolland
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louise S Matheson
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Andrew Dimond
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Csilla Várnai
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Chovanec
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jeremy Denizot
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, M2iSH, USC-INRA 2018, F-, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Steven W Wingett
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Bioinformatics, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula Freire-Pritchett
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cell Biology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Takashi Nagano
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sarah Elderkin
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mikhail Spivakov
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Functional Gene Control Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Anne E Corcoran
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Patrick D Varga-Weisz
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Korol SV, Tafreshiha A, Bhandage AK, Birnir B, Jin Z. Insulin enhances GABA A receptor-mediated inhibitory currents in rat central amygdala neurons. Neurosci Lett 2018; 671:76-81. [PMID: 29447952 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, a pancreatic hormone, can access the central nervous system, activate insulin receptors distributed in selective brain regions and affect various cellular functions such as neurotransmission. We have previously shown that physiologically relevant concentration of insulin potentiates the GABAA receptor-mediated tonic inhibition and reduces excitability of rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. The central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) comprises heterogeneous neuronal populations that can respond to hormonal stimulus. Using quantitative PCR and immunofluorescent labeling, we report that the mRNA and protein of the insulin receptor are abundantly expressed in the rat CeA. The insulin receptor mRNA is also detected in the CeA from post-mortem human brain samples. Furthermore, our whole-cell patch-clamp recordings show that the application of insulin (5 and 50 nM) selectively enhances the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in rat CeA neurons. Our findings reveal that GABAergic synaptic transmission is a target in the CeA for insulin receptor signaling that may underlie insulin modulation of emotion- and feeding-related behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy V Korol
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Atieh Tafreshiha
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amol K Bhandage
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Physiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Waldron J, Raymond W, Ostli-Eilertsen G, Nossent J. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to disease activity, organ damage and immunological findings. Lupus 2018; 27:963-970. [PMID: 29385899 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318756288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1) activates cell proliferation pathways and inhibits apoptosis. IGF1 is involved in tumour growth and required for T-cell independent activation of B cells. Activated B cells and autoantibody production are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To investigate the possible role of IGF1 in SLE, we studied IGF1 across clinical characteristics, immunological biomarkers, disease activity and organ damage in SLE patients. Method In a cross-sectional study, we collected clinical characteristics, medication, disease activity (SLEDAI-2K) and organ damage (SDI) for 94 SLE patients. Autoantibodies and cytokines were measured by ELISA, and levels of IGF1 and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) by chemiluminescence. Free IGF1 was estimated by the IGF1:IGFBP3 ratio. Healthy controls served as a comparator group. Results There was a significant age-related decline in IGF1, IGFBP3 and free IGF1 (IGF1:IGFBP3 ratio) that was similar in SLE patients and controls with very few outliers. Free IGF1 was inversely related to blood pressure (Rs -0.327, p < 0.01) and HbA1c (Rs -0.31, p < 0.01). Free IGF1 was higher in disease-modifying antirheumatic drug-treated patients ( p < 0.01), but there was no significant association between the IGF1 axis and autoantibody profiles, cytokine levels or SLEDAI-2K or SDI categories. IGF1 correlated inversely with BAFF level and B, natural killer and CD8 + cell counts. Conclusion Free IGF1 levels in SLE patients declined appropriately with age. IGF1 levels were not associated with disease activity, severity or autoantibody levels in SLE. Free IGF1 had positive metabolic effects in SLE and may play an indirect role in dampening the cellular immune response by downregulating B- and T-cell activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Waldron
- 1 Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - W Raymond
- 1 Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - G Ostli-Eilertsen
- 2 Inflammation Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J Nossent
- 1 Rheumatology Group, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,3 Department of Rheumatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Silva P, Nelson C, Driver J, Thatcher W, Chebel R. Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin on leukocyte mRNA expression for genes related to cell energy metabolism, cytokine production, phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and adaptive immunity. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8471-8483. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
12
|
Yoon IS, Park H, Kwak HW, Woo Jung Y, Nam JH. Macrophage-derived insulin-like growth factor-1 affects influenza vaccine efficacy through the regulation of immune cell homeostasis. Vaccine 2017; 35:4687-4694. [PMID: 28760610 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The level of antibody production induced by a vaccine involves a variety of host factors. One of these, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), plays an important role in lymphocyte maturation and antibody expression. Here, we investigated the role of macrophage-derived IGF-1 in the induction of influenza vaccine-specific antibodies using macrophage-derived IGF-1 gene knockout (MIKO) mice. The titers of vaccine-specific total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG1 after immunization were about two- to fourfold lower in MIKO mice than in WT mice. Moreover, MIKO mice showed a relatively weak booster effect of repeated immunization. In contrast, antigen-nonspecific total IgG was about threefold higher in MIKO mice than in WT mice. After viral challenge, the viral titer and the pathological damage in lungs of MIKO mice were higher than those in WT mice despite vaccination. Interestingly, the proportions of proinflammatory immune cells including M1 macrophages, Th1 and Th17 cells was higher in unvaccinated MIKO mice than in unvaccinated WT mice. This suggests that nonspecific activation of immune cells may paradoxically impair the response to the vaccine. In addition, although the proportions of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GL-7+ germinal center (GC) B cells were higher in MIKO mice than in WT mice, the population of CD138+B220+ antibody-secreting plasmablasts was lower in MIKO mice, which may be a cause of the low influenza-specific antibody titer in MIKO mice. Taken together, these results suggest that macrophage-derived IGF-1 might play an important role in the vaccine-triggered immune response by regulating immune cell homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Il-Sub Yoon
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyelim Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Won Kwak
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hwan Nam
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu VWC, Lymperi S, Oki T, Jones A, Swiatek P, Vasic R, Ferraro F, Scadden DT. Distinctive Mesenchymal-Parenchymal Cell Pairings Govern B Cell Differentiation in the Bone Marrow. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:220-35. [PMID: 27453006 PMCID: PMC4982987 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow niches for hematopoietic progenitor cells are not well defined despite their critical role in blood homeostasis. We previously found that cells expressing osteocalcin, a marker of mature osteolineage cells, regulate the production of thymic-seeding T lymphoid progenitors. Here, using a selective cell deletion strategy, we demonstrate that a subset of mesenchymal cells expressing osterix, a marker of bone precursors in the adult, serve to regulate the maturation of early B lymphoid precursors by promoting pro-B to pre-B cell transition through insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) production. Loss of Osx+ cells or Osx-specific deletion of IGF-1 led to a failure of B cell maturation and the impaired adaptive immune response. These data highlight the notion that bone marrow is a composite of specialized niches formed by pairings of specific mesenchymal cells with parenchymal stem or lineage committed progenitor cells, thereby providing distinctive functional units to regulate hematopoiesis. Loss of Osx+ osteolineage cells halted B cell maturation and caused immune failure Mice with Osx+ cell-specific deletion of IGF-1 phenocopied Osx+ cell ablated mice Osx+ cell promotes pro-B to pre-B cell transition through IGF-1 production Specialized niche cell-hematopoietic progenitor pairings regulate hematopoiesis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vionnie W C Yu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefania Lymperi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Toshihiko Oki
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexandra Jones
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter Swiatek
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Radovan Vasic
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - David T Scadden
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Oguejiofor CF, Cheng Z, Abudureyimu A, Fouladi-Nashta AA, Wathes DC. Global transcriptomic profiling of bovine endometrial immune response in vitro. I. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on innate immunity. Biol Reprod 2015; 93:100. [PMID: 26353891 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.115.128868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of endometrial immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been implicated in uterine disease and infertility in the postpartum dairy cow, although the mechanisms are not clear. Here, we investigated whole-transcriptomic gene expression in primary cultures of mixed bovine epithelial and stromal endometrial cells. Cultures were exposed to LPS for 6 h, and cellular response was measured by bovine microarray. Approximately 30% of the 1006 genes altered by LPS were classified as being involved in immune response. Cytokines and chemokines (IL1A, CX3CL1, CXCL2, and CCL5), interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (RSAD2, MX2, OAS1, ISG15, and BST2), and the acute phase molecule SAA3 were the most up-regulated genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis identified up-regulation of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which function to attract immune cells to the endometrium, together with vascular adhesion molecules and matrix metalloproteinases, which can facilitate immune cell migration from the tissue toward the uterine lumen. Increased expression of many IFN-signaling genes, immunoproteasomes, guanylate-binding proteins, and genes involved in the intracellular recognition of pathogens suggests important roles for these molecules in the innate defense against bacterial infections. Our findings confirmed the important role of endometrial cells in uterine innate immunity, whereas the global approach used identified several novel immune response pathways triggered by LPS in the endometrium. Additionally, many genes involved in endometrial response to the conceptus in early pregnancy were also altered by LPS, suggesting one mechanism whereby an ongoing response to infection may interfere with the establishment of pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chike F Oguejiofor
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Zhangrui Cheng
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Ayimuguli Abudureyimu
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ali A Fouladi-Nashta
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - D Claire Wathes
- Department of Production and Population Health, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
MHC class I limits hippocampal synapse density by inhibiting neuronal insulin receptor signaling. J Neurosci 2014; 34:11844-56. [PMID: 25164678 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4642-12.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHCI) negatively regulate synapse density in the developing vertebrate brain (Glynn et al., 2011; Elmer et al., 2013; Lee et al., 2014), but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we identify a novel MHCI signaling pathway that involves the inhibition of a known synapse-promoting factor, the insulin receptor. Dominant-negative insulin receptor constructs decrease synapse density in the developing Xenopus visual system (Chiu et al., 2008), and insulin receptor activation increases dendritic spine density in mouse hippocampal neurons in vitro (Lee et al., 2011). We find that genetically reducing cell surface MHCI levels increases synapse density selectively in regions of the hippocampus where insulin receptors are expressed, and occludes the neuronal insulin response by de-repressing insulin receptor signaling. Pharmacologically inhibiting insulin receptor signaling in MHCI-deficient animals rescues synapse density, identifying insulin receptor signaling as a critical mediator of the tonic inhibitory effects of endogenous MHCI on synapse number. Insulin receptors co-immunoprecipitate MHCI from hippocampal lysates, and MHCI unmasks a cytoplasmic epitope of the insulin receptor that mediates downstream signaling. These results identify an important role for an MHCI-insulin receptor signaling pathway in circuit patterning in the developing brain, and suggest that changes in MHCI expression could unexpectedly regulate neuronal insulin sensitivity in the aging and diseased brain.
Collapse
|
16
|
Boularan C, Kehrl JH. Implications of non-canonical G-protein signaling for the immune system. Cell Signal 2014; 26:1269-82. [PMID: 24583286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins), which consist of three subunits α, β, and γ, function as molecular switches to control downstream effector molecules activated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The GTP/GDP binding status of Gα transmits information about the ligand binding state of the GPCR to intended signal transduction pathways. In immune cells heterotrimeric G proteins impact signal transduction pathways that directly, or indirectly, regulate cell migration, activation, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. The cells of the innate and adaptive immune system abundantly express chemoattractant receptors and lesser amounts of many other types of GPCRs. But heterotrimeric G-proteins not only function in classical GPCR signaling, but also in non-canonical signaling. In these pathways the guanine exchange factor (GEF) exerted by a GPCR in the canonical pathway is replaced or supplemented by another protein such as Ric-8A. In addition, other proteins such as AGS3-6 can compete with Gβγ for binding to GDP bound Gα. This competition can promote Gβγ signaling by freeing Gβγ from rapidly rebinding GDP bound Gα. The proteins that participate in these non-canonical signaling pathways will be briefly described and their role, or potential one, in cells of the immune system will be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Boularan
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - John H Kehrl
- B-cell Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Samarasinghe AE, Woolard SN, Boyd KL, Hoselton SA, Schuh JM, McCullers JA. The immune profile associated with acute allergic asthma accelerates clearance of influenza virus. Immunol Cell Biol 2014; 92:449-59. [PMID: 24469764 PMCID: PMC4037497 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma was the most common comorbidity in hospitalized patients during the 2009 influenza pandemic. For unknown reasons, hospitalized asthmatics had less severe outcomes and were less likely to die from pandemic influenza. Our data with primary human bronchial cells indicate that changes intrinsic to epithelial cells in asthma may protect against cytopathology induced by influenza virus. To further study influenza virus pathogenesis in allergic hosts, we aimed to develop and characterize murine models of asthma and influenza comorbidity to determine structural, physiological and immunological changes induced by influenza in the context of asthma. Aspergillus fumigatus-sensitized and -challenged C57BL/6 mice were infected with pandemic H1N1 influenza virus, either during peak allergic inflammation or during airway remodeling to gain insight into disease pathogenesis. Mice infected with the influenza virus during peak allergic inflammation did not lose body weight and cleared the virus rapidly. These mice exhibited high eosinophilia, preserved airway epithelial cell integrity, increased mucus, reduced interferon response and increased insulin-like growth factor-1. In contrast, weight loss and viral replication kinetics in the mice that were infected during the late airway remodeling phase were equivalent to flu-only controls. These mice had neutrophils in the airways, damaged airway epithelial cells, less mucus production, increased interferons and decreased insulin-like growth factor-1. The state of the allergic airways at the time of influenza virus infection alters host responses against the virus. These murine models of asthma and influenza comorbidity may improve our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of viral infections in humans with asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amali E Samarasinghe
- 1] Department of Infectious Diseases, Memphis, TN, USA [2] St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Children's Foundation Research Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stacie N Woolard
- 1] St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA [2] Department of Tumor Cell Biology, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Scott A Hoselton
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jane M Schuh
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jonathan A McCullers
- 1] Department of Infectious Diseases, Memphis, TN, USA [2] St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA [3] Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Children's Foundation Research Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Stanilova SA, Ivanova MG, Karakolev IA, Stoilov RM, Rashkov RK, Manolova IM. Association of +3179G/A insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor polymorphism and insulin-like growth factor-1 serum level with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2013; 22:1388-1393. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203313502860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system plays a prominent role in the regulation of immunity and inflammation. Inappropriate balance of IGF-1 signaling has been reported in autoimmune disorders. This study was designed to compare +3179G/A IGF-1R genotype distribution in 148 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with a group of 240 healthy donors. We also investigated serum IGF-1 levels in SLE patients and healthy controls in an association to genotype. IGF-1 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and genotyping for the +3179G/A polymorphism was performed by restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The higher frequency of homozygous genotype AA (22% vs 17% with OR 1.319, 95% CI 0.71––2.44) and lower frequency of heterozygous genotype AG (42% vs 46% with OR 0.698, 95% CI 0.38–1.27) were seen in cases versus controls. Serum IGF-1 levels were comparable between SLE patients and age- and sex-matched healthy donors, even when the groups was stratified according to +3179G/A IGF-1R genotypes. However, when patients were sub grouped according to the disease activity index (SLEDAI score), serum IGF-1 levels were increased in patients with severe disease activity. These results indicated that systemic lupus erythematosus activity is affected by a modulation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 signal pathway and +3179G/A IGF-1R polymorphism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- SA Stanilova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Trakia University, Bulgaria
| | - MG Ivanova
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - IA Karakolev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Trakia University, Bulgaria
| | - RM Stoilov
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - RK Rashkov
- Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - IM Manolova
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Trakia University, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chereshnev VA, Bocharov G, Bazhan S, Bachmetyev B, Gainova I, Likhoshvai V, Argilaguet JM, Martinez JP, Rump JA, Mothe B, Brander C, Meyerhans A. Pathogenesis and treatment of HIV infection: the cellular, the immune system and the neuroendocrine systems perspective. Int Rev Immunol 2013; 32:282-306. [PMID: 23617796 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2013.779375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infections with HIV represent a great challenge for the development of strategies for an effective cure. The spectrum of diseases associated with HIV ranges from opportunistic infections and cancers to systemic physiological disorders like encephalopathy and neurocognitive impairment. A major progress in controlling HIV infection has been achieved by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, HAART does neither eliminate the virus reservoirs in form of latently infected cells nor does it completely reconstitute immune reactivity and physiological status. Furthermore, the failure of the STEP vaccine trial and the only marginal efficacies of the RV144 trial together suggest that the causal relationships between the complex sets of viral and immunological processes that contribute to protection or disease pathogenesis are still poorly understood. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview of HIV-host interactions at the cellular, the immune system and the neuroendocrine systems level. Only by integrating this multi-level knowledge one will be able to handle the systems complexity and develop new methodologies of analysis and prediction for a functional restoration of the immune system and the health of the infected host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V A Chereshnev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch RAS, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Smith TJ, Hegedüs L, Douglas RS. Role of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway in the pathogenesis of Graves' orbitopathy. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 26:291-302. [PMID: 22632366 PMCID: PMC3712747 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2011.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) remains enigmatic and thus controversy surrounds its pathogenesis. The role of the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and activating antibodies directed against it in the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease (GD) is firmly established. Less well elucidated is what part the TSHR pathway might play in the development of GO. Also uncertain is the participation of other cell surface receptors in the disease. Elevated levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) have been found in orbital fibroblasts as well as B and T cells from patients with GD. These abnormal patterns of IGF-1R display are also found in rheumatoid arthritis and carry functional consequences. In addition, activating IgGs capable of displacing IGF-1 from IGF-1R have also been detected in patients with these diseases. IGF-1R forms a complex with TSHR which is necessary for at least some of the non-canonical signaling observed following TSHR activation. Functional TSHR and IGF-1R have also been found on fibrocytes, CD34⁺ bone marrow-derived cells from the monocyte lineage. Levels of TSHR on fibrocytes greatly exceed those found on orbital fibroblasts. When ligated by TSH or M22, a TSHR-activating monoclonal antibody, fibrocytes produce extremely high levels of several cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, fibrocytes infiltrate both the orbit and thyroid in GD. In sum, based on current evidence, IGF-1R and TSHR can be thought of as "partners in crime". Involvement of the former probably transcends disease boundaries, while TSHR may not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tarantino G, Savastano S, Capone D, Colao A. Spleen: A new role for an old player? World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:3776-84. [PMID: 21987619 PMCID: PMC3181438 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i33.3776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The spleen could be considered a neglected organ. To date, it has been deemed an ancillary organ in portal hypertension or an organ localization in lymphoproliferative diseases, even though it has had significant attention in infectious diseases for some time. Now, it is thought to be central in regulating the immune system, a metabolic asset and involved in endocrine function with regard to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The main mechanisms involved in this complex network will be critically discussed in this article.
Collapse
|
22
|
Khalyfa A, Gharib SA, Kim J, Capdevila OS, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Bhattacharjee R, Hegazi M, Gozal D. Peripheral blood leukocyte gene expression patterns and metabolic parameters in habitually snoring and non-snoring children with normal polysomnographic findings. Sleep 2011; 34:153-60. [PMID: 21286499 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/34.2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children who snore but do not have gas exchange abnormalities or alterations of sleep architecture have primary snoring (PS). Since increasing evidence suggest that PS may be associated with morbidity, we hypothesized that assessing genome-wide gene expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) will identify a distinct signature in PS children. METHODS Children (aged 4-9 years) with and without habitual snoring and a normal PSG were designated as either PS or controls. Whole genome expression profiles of PBL and metabolic parameters in 30 children with PS and 30 age-, gender-, ethnicity-, and BMI-matched controls were compared. Pathway-focused gene network analysis of the PBL transcriptome was performed. Metabolic parameters were measured in an independent follow-up cohort of 98 children (64 PS and 34 controls) to evaluate the computationally derived findings. RESULTS PS was not associated with a distinct transcriptional signature in PBL. Exploratory functional network analysis of enriched gene sets identified a number of putative pathways-including those mapping to insulin signaling, adipocyte differentiation, and obesity-with significant alterations in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity emerging in the follow-up cohort of children with PS, but no differences in lipid profiles. CONCLUSIONS PS children do not exhibit global perturbations in their PBL transcriptional response, suggesting that current normative PSG criteria are overall valid. However, subtle differences in functionally coherent pathways involved in glycemic homeostasis were detected and confirmed in a larger independent pediatric cohort indicating that PS may carry increased risk for end-organ morbidity in susceptible children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelnaby Khalyfa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, 5721 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Smith TJ. Insulin-like growth factor-I regulation of immune function: a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune diseases? Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:199-236. [PMID: 20392809 DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.002469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This topically limited review explores the relationship between the immune system and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and the proteins through which they act, including IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and the IGF-I binding proteins. The IGF/IGF-IR pathway plays important and diverse roles in tissue development and function. It regulates cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and the translation of proteins. Many of the consequences ascribed to IGF-IR activation result from its association with several accessory proteins that are either identical or closely related to those involved in insulin receptor signaling. Relatively recent awareness that IGF-I and IGF-IR regulate immune function has cast this pathway in an unexpected light; it may represent an important switch governing the quality and amplitude of immune responses. IGF-I/IGF-IR signaling may also participate in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, although its relationship with these processes seems complex and relatively unexplored. On the one hand, IGF-I seems to protect experimental animals from developing insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus. In contrast, activating antibodies directed at IGF-IR have been detected in patients with Graves' disease, where the receptor is overexpressed by multiple cell types. The frequency of IGF-IR+ B and T cells is substantially increased in patients with that disease. Potential involvement of IGF-I and IGF-IR in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases suggests that this pathway might constitute an attractive therapeutic target. IGF-IR has been targeted in efforts directed toward drug development for cancer, employing both small-molecule and monoclonal antibody approaches. These have been generally well-tolerated. Recognizing the broader role of IGF-IR in regulating both normal and pathological immune responses may offer important opportunities for therapeutic intervention in several allied diseases that have proven particularly difficult to treat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry J Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan Medical School, 1000 Wall Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Romero CJ, Ng Y, Luque RM, Kineman RD, Koch L, Bruning JC, Radovick S. Targeted deletion of somatotroph insulin-like growth factor-I signaling in a cell-specific knockout mouse model. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1077-89. [PMID: 20211984 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of IGF-I in the negative regulation of GH expression and release is demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo models; however, the targets and mechanisms of IGF-I remain unclear. We have developed a cell-specific knockout mouse in which the IGF-I receptor was ablated from the somatotroph in order to validate and characterize IGF-I negative regulation; we termed this the somatotroph IGF-I receptor knockout (SIGFRKO) mouse. The SIGFRKO mice demonstrated increased GH gene expression and secretion as well as increased serum IGF-I. Compensatory changes were noted with decreased GHRH and increased somatostatin mRNA expression levels. SIGFRKO mice had normal linear growth, but by 14 wk of age weighed significantly less than controls. Furthermore, metabolic studies revealed SIGFRKO mice had significantly less fat mass and body percent fat. These data support somatotroph IGF-I negative regulation and suggest that hypothalamic feedback limits the extent of GH release. The SIGFRKO mouse is a model delineating the mechanisms of IGF-I regulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and demonstrates compensatory mechanisms that mediate growth and metabolic function in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Romero
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Children's Medical and Surgical Center 4-106, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21208, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Douglas RS, Naik V, Hwang CJ, Afifiyan NF, Gianoukakis AG, Sand D, Kamat S, Smith TJ. B cells from patients with Graves' disease aberrantly express the IGF-1 receptor: implications for disease pathogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:5768-74. [PMID: 18832736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune process involving the thyroid and connective tissues in the orbit and pretibial skin. Activating anti-thyrotropin receptor Abs are responsible for hyperthyroidism in GD. However, neither these autoAbs nor the receptor they are directed against have been convincingly implicated in the connective tissue manifestations. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R)-bearing fibroblasts overpopulate connective tissues in GD and when ligated with IgGs from these patients, express the T cell chemoattractants, IL-16, and RANTES. Disproportionately large fractions of peripheral blood T cells also express IGF-1R in patients with GD and may account, at least in part, for expansion of IGF-1R(+) memory T cells. We now report a similarly skewed B cell population exhibiting the IGF-1R(+) phenotype from the blood, orbit, and bone marrow of patients with GD. This expression profile exhibits durability in culture and is maintained or increased with CpG activation. Moreover, IGF-1R(+) B cells produce pathogenic Abs against the thyrotropin receptor. In lymphocytes from patients with GD, IGF-1 enhanced IgG production (p < 0.05) and increased B cell expansion (p < 0.02) in vitro while those from control donors failed to respond. These findings suggest a potentially important role for IGF-1R display by B lymphocytes in patients with GD in supporting their expansion and abnormal Ig production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Douglas
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kucic T, Copland IB, Cuerquis J, Coutu DL, Chalifour LE, Gagnon RF, Galipeau J. Mesenchymal stromal cells genetically engineered to overexpress IGF-I enhance cell-based gene therapy of renal failure-induced anemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008; 295:F488-96. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00044.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that erythropoietin (EPO)-secreting mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can be used for the long-term correction of renal failure-induced anemia. The present study provides evidence that coimplantation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I)-overexpressing MSC (MSC-IGF) improves MSC-based gene therapy of anemia by providing paracrine support to EPO-secreting MSC (MSC-EPO) within a subcutaneous implant. IGF-I receptor RNA expression in murine MSC was demonstrated by RT-PCR. Functional protein expression was confirmed by immunoblots and MSC responsiveness to IGF-I stimulation in vitro. IGF-I was also shown to improve MSC survival following staurosporin-induced apoptosis in vitro. A cohort of C57Bl/6 mice was rendered anemic by right kidney electrocoagulation and left nephrectomy. MSC-EPO were subsequently admixed in a bovine collagen matrix and implanted, in combination with MSC-IGF or MSC null, by subcutaneous injection in renal failure mice. In mice receiving MSC-EPO coimplanted with MSC-IGF, hematocrit elevation was greater and enhanced compared with control mice; heart function was also improved. MSC-IGF coimplantation, therefore, represents a promising new strategy for enhancing MSC survival within implanted matrices and for improving cell-based gene therapy of renal anemia.
Collapse
|
27
|
Douglas RS, Gianoukakis AG, Kamat S, Smith TJ. Aberrant expression of the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor by T cells from patients with Graves' disease may carry functional consequences for disease pathogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:3281-7. [PMID: 17312178 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.5.3281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD), an autoimmune process involving thyroid and orbital tissue, is associated with lymphocyte abnormalities including expansion of memory T cells. Insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-1R)-bearing fibroblasts overpopulate connective tissues in GD. IGF-1R on fibroblasts, when ligated with IgGs from these patients, results in the expression of the T cell chemoattractants, IL-16 and RANTES. We now report that a disproportionately large fraction of peripheral blood T cells express IGF-1R (CD3+IGF-R+). CD3+IGF-1R+ T cells comprise 48 +/- 4% (mean +/- SE; n = 33) in patients with GD compared with 15 +/- 3% (n = 21; p < 10(-8)) in controls. This increased population of IGF-1R+ T cells results, at least in part, from an expansion of CD45RO+ T cells expressing the receptor. In contrast, the fraction of CD45RA+IGF-1R+ T cells is similar in GD and controls. T cells harvested from affected orbital tissues in GD reflect similar differences in the proportion of IGF-1R+CD3+ and IGF-1R+CD4+CD3+ cells as those found in the peripheral circulation. GD-derived peripheral T cells express durable, constitutive IGF-1R expression in culture and receptor levels are further up-regulated following CD3 complex activation. IGF-1 enhanced GD-derived T cell incorporation of BrdU (p < 0.02) and inhibited Fas-mediated apoptosis (p < 0.02). These findings suggest a potential role for IGF-1R displayed by lymphocytes in supporting the expansion of memory T cells in GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond S Douglas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Molecular Medicine, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, 1124 West Carson Street, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Adewoye AH, Nolan VG, Ma Q, Baldwin C, Wyszynski DF, Farrell JJ, Farrer LA, Steinberg MH. Association of Polymorphisms ofIGF1Rand Genes in the Transforming Growth Factor–β/Bone Morphogenetic Protein Pathway with Bacteremia in Sickle Cell Anemia. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 43:593-8. [PMID: 16886151 DOI: 10.1086/506356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/18/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection and bacteremia are common in sickle cell disease. We hypothesized that, consistent with evidence for the genetic modulation of other disease complications, the risk of developing bacteremia might also be genetically modulated. Accordingly, we studied the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes with the risk of bacteremia in sickle cell anemia. We found significant associations with SNPs in IGF1R and genes of the TGF-beta /BMP pathway (BMP6, TGFBR3, BMPR1A, SMAD6 and SMAD3). We suggest that both IGF1R and the TGF-beta /BMP pathway could play important roles in immune function in sickle cell anemia and their polymorphisms may help identify a "bacteremia-prone" phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeboye H Adewoye
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Scarth JP. Modulation of the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis by pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and environmental xenobiotics: an emerging role for xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and the transcription factors regulating their expression. A review. Xenobiotica 2006; 36:119-218. [PMID: 16702112 DOI: 10.1080/00498250600621627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor (GH-IGF) axis has gained considerable focus over recent years. One cause of this increased interest is due to a correlation of age-related decline in plasma GH/IGF levels with age-related degenerative processes, and it has led to the prescribing of GH replacement therapy by some practitioners. On the other hand, however, research has also focused on the pro-carcinogenic effects of high GH-IGF levels, providing strong impetus for finding regimes that reduce its activity. Whereas the effects of GH/IGF activity on the action of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme systems is reasonably well appreciated, the effects of xenobiotic exposure on the GH-IGF axis has not received substantial review. Relevant xenobiotics are derived from pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and environmental exposure, and many of the mechanisms involved are highly complex in nature, not easily predictable from existing in vitro tests and do not always predict well from in vivo animal models. After a review of the human and animal in vivo and in vitro literature, a framework for considering the different levels of direct and indirect modulation by xenobiotics is developed herein, and areas that still require further investigation are highlighted, i.e. the actions of common endocrine disruptors such as pesticides and phytoestrogens, as well as the role of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and the transcription factors regulating their expression. It is anticipated that a fuller appreciation of the existing human paradigms for GH-IGF axis modulation gained through this review may help explain some of the variation in levels of plasma IGF-1 and its binding proteins in the population, aid in the prescription of particular dietary regimens to certain individuals such as those with particular medical conditions, guide the direction of long-term drug/nutraceutical safety trials, and stimulate ideas for future research. It also serves to warn athletes that using compounds touted as performance enhancing because they promote short-term GH release could in fact be detrimental to performance in the long-run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Scarth
- The Horseracing Forensic Laboratories (HFL), Fordham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hansenne I, Renard-Charlet C, Greimers R, Geenen V. Dendritic cell differentiation and immune tolerance to insulin-related peptides in Igf2-deficient mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:4651-7. [PMID: 16585557 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There is some evidence that insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) may intervene in the control of T cell differentiation. To further study the immunoregulatory function of this growth factor, we analyzed the immune system of Igf2-/- mice. Phenotypically, some immunological parameters such as lymphoid organ morphology and cellularity were unaltered in Igf2-/- mice, but an increase of CD8+ cells and a decrease of B220+ cells were observed in spleen. In vitro, the development of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells was affected by the absence of Igf2 expression. After maturation, a higher percentage of immature dendritic cells was observed in Igf2-/- population, together with a secondary decrease in allogenic T cell proliferation. Activation of T cells was also affected by the lack of expression of this growth factor. The profile of B cell response in mutant mice immunized with IGF-2 evidenced a T-dependent profile of anti-IGF-2 Abs that was absent in Igf2+/+ mice. The influence of IGF-2 upon tolerance to insulin was also assessed in this model, and this showed that IGF-2 also intervenes in tolerance to insulin. The presence of a T-dependent response in Igf2-deficient mice should allow cloning of specific "forbidden" T CD4+ lymphocytes directed against IGF-2, as well as further investigation of their possible pathogenic properties against insulin family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Hansenne
- Center of Immunology, University of Liege, Liege-Sart Tilman, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Baumgartl J, Baudler S, Scherner M, Babaev V, Makowski L, Suttles J, McDuffie M, Fazio S, Kahn CR, Hotamisligil GS, Krone W, Linton M, Brüning JC. Myeloid lineage cell-restricted insulin resistance protects apolipoproteinE-deficient mice against atherosclerosis. Cell Metab 2006; 3:247-56. [PMID: 16581002 PMCID: PMC4027059 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2004] [Revised: 12/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases, and insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus type 2 represents an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis. To directly address the role of insulin resistance in myeloid lineage cells in the development of atherosclerosis, we have created mice with myeloid lineage-specific inactivation of the insulin receptor gene. On an ApoE-deficient background, MphIRKO mice developed smaller atherosclerotic lesions. There was a dramatic decrease in LPS-stimulated IL-6 and IL-1beta expression in the presence of macrophage autonomous insulin resistance. Consistently, while insulin-resistant IRS-2-deficient mice on an ApoE-deficient background display aggravated atherosclerosis, fetal liver cell transplantation of IRS-2(-/-) ApoE(-/-) cells ameliorated atherosclerosis in Apo-E-deficient mice. Thus, systemic versus myeloid cell-restricted insulin resistance has opposing effects on the development of atherosclerosis, providing direct evidence that myeloid lineage autonomous insulin signaling provides proinflammatory signals predisposing to the development of atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Baumgartl
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephanie Baudler
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scherner
- Klinik II und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin der Universität zu Köln and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Vladimir Babaev
- Cardiovasular Medicine Division, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Liza Makowski
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Jill Suttles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292
| | - Marcia McDuffie
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Cardiovasular Medicine Division, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School. Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Gökhan S. Hotamisligil
- Division of Biological Sciences and Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215
| | - Wilhelm Krone
- Klinik II und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin der Universität zu Köln and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - MacRae Linton
- Cardiovasular Medicine Division, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235
| | - Jens C. Brüning
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, D-50931 Cologne, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|