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Gao H, Kosins AE, Cook-Mills JM. Mechanisms for initiation of food allergy by skin pre-disposed to atopic dermatitis. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39007725 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Food allergy can be life-threatening and often develops early in life. In infants and children, loss-of-function mutations in skin barrier genes associate with food allergy. In a mouse model with skin barrier mutations (Flakey Tail, FT+/- mice), topical epicutaneous sensitization to a food allergen peanut extract (PNE), an environmental allergen Alternaria alternata (Alt) and a detergent induce food allergy and then an oral PNE-challenge induces anaphylaxis. Exposures to these allergens and detergents can occur for infants and children in a household setting. From the clinical and preclinical studies of neonates and children with skin barrier mutations, early oral exposure to allergenic foods before skin sensitization may induce tolerance to food allergens and thus protect against development of food allergy. In the FT+/- mice, oral food allergen prior to skin sensitization induce tolerance to food allergens. However, when the skin of FT+/- pups are exposed to a ubiquitous environmental allergen at the time of oral consumption of food allergens, this blocks the induction of tolerance to the food allergen and the mice can then be skin sensitized with the food allergen. The development of food allergy in neonatal FT+/- mice is mediated by altered skin responses to allergens with increases in skin expression of interleukin 33, oncostatin M and amphiregulin. The development of neonate food allergy is enhanced when born to an allergic mother, but it is inhibited by maternal supplementation with α-tocopherol. Moreover, preclinical studies suggest that food allergen skin sensitization can occur before manifestation of clinical features of atopic dermatitis. Thus, these parameters may impact design of clinical studies for food allergy, when stratifying individuals by loss of skin barrier function or maternal atopy before offspring development of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Allison E Kosins
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Robinson JL, Gatford KL, Bailey DN, Roff AJ, Clifton VL, Morrison JL, Stark MJ. Preclinical models of maternal asthma and progeny outcomes: a scoping review. Eur Respir Rev 2024; 33:230174. [PMID: 38417970 PMCID: PMC10900068 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0174-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in the ∼17% of women with asthma during pregnancy. The mechanisms linking maternal asthma and adverse outcomes are largely unknown, but reflect joint effects of genetics and prenatal exposure to maternal asthma. Animal models are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms independent of genetics and comorbidities, and enable safe testing of interventions. This scoping review aimed to explore the methodology, phenotype, characteristics, outcomes and quality of published studies using preclinical maternal asthma models. MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier) and Web of Science were systematically searched using previously validated search strings for maternal asthma and for animal models. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts, full texts, and then extracted and assessed the quality of each study using the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) 2.0 guidelines. Out of 3618 studies identified, 39 were eligible for extraction. Most studies were in rodents (86%) and all were models of allergic asthma. Maternal and progeny outcomes included airway hyperresponsiveness, airway resistance, inflammation, lung immune cells, lung structure and serum immunoglobulins and cytokines. Experimental design (100%), procedural details (97%) and rationale (100%) were most often reported. Conversely, data exclusion (21%), blinding (18%) and adverse events (8%) were reported in a minority of studies. Species differences in physiology and timing of development, the use of allergens not relevant to humans and a lack of comparable outcome measures may impede clinical translation. Future studies exploring models of maternal asthma should adhere to the minimum core outcomes set presented in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua L Robinson
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kathryn L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Danielle N Bailey
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andrea J Roff
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janna L Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Michael J Stark
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women's & Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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de Los Ángeles Aldirico M, Giorgio FM, Soto A, Sibilia MDP, Sánchez VR, Picchio MS, Rattay G, Arcon N, Moretta R, Martín V, Goldman A, Fenoy IM. Maternal stress increases risk of allergic lung inflammation in adult mice. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152395. [PMID: 37210753 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergies are increasing worldwide. The presence of atopic diseases in the mother propagates the onset of allergic diseases in the offspring with a considerably stronger penetrance than atopic diseases of the father. Such observation challenges genetic predispositions as the sole cause of allergic diseases. Epidemiological studies suggest that caregiver stress in the perinatal period may predispose offspring to asthma. Only one group has studied the link between prenatal stress and neonatal asthma susceptibility in a murine model. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study if the neonatal increased risk of developing allergic lung inflammation persists after puberty and if there are sex differences in susceptibility. METHODS Pregnant BALB/c mice were subjected to a single restraint stress exposure at day 15 of gestation. Pups were separated by gender and subjected to a well-known sub-optimal asthma model after puberty. RESULTS Adult mice born to stressed dams were more susceptible to developing allergic pulmonary inflammation since an increase in the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), a greater peribronchial and perivascular infiltrate, a higher proportion of mucus-producing cells, and increased IL-4 and IL-5 levels in BAL were detected compared to control mice. These effects were more profound in females than males. Moreover, only females from stressed dams showed an increase in IgE levels. CONCLUSIONS Increased litter susceptibility to develop allergic lung inflammation induced by maternal stress persists after puberty and is more potent in females than in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ariadna Soto
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Guido Rattay
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Arcon
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rosalía Moretta
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valentina Martín
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Goldman
- ITECA, ECyT UNSAM, CONICET, Gral. San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Cook-Mills JM, Emmerson LN. Epithelial barrier regulation, antigen sampling, and food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:493-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Hoji A, Kumar R, Gern JE, Bendixsen CG, Seroogy CM, Cook-Mills JM. Cord blood sphingolipids are associated with atopic dermatitis and wheeze in the first year of life. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. GLOBAL 2022; 1:162-171. [PMID: 36117517 PMCID: PMC9479978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Allergen-sensitized pregnant mice have increased plasma levels of the lipids β-glucosylceramides (βGlcCers) that are transplacentally transferred to the fetus, increased subsets of proinflammatory dendritic cells in the fetal liver and pup lung, and increased allergen-induced offspring lung inflammation. Objective Our aim was to determine whether these preclinical observations extend to a human association of βGlcCers with wheeze and allergic disease in the prospective Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort. Methods We measured 74 lipids in cord blood plasma by using mass spectrometry detection of sphingolipids, eicosanoids, and docosinoids, as well as an ELISA for 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid. Lipid profiles were determined by unbiased Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection dimensional reduction machine learning. Lipid profiles and a proinflammatory lipid index were analyzed for association with maternal allergy and childhood outcomes of wheeze, atopic dermatitis, cord blood leukocytes, and total IgE level at age 1 year. Results Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection analysis of lipids defined 8 cluster-specific plasma lipid profiles. Cluster 6 had significantly lower levels of plasma βGlcCers and a higher frequency of cord blood plasmacytoid dendritic cells that mediate anti-inflammatory responses, which is consistent with an anti-inflammatory profile. For clusters and for each infant, a proinflammatory lipid index was calculated to reflect the sum of the proinflammatory lipids minus the anti-inflammatory lipids that were significantly different than in cluster 6. The cluster proinflammatory lipid index was associated with cord blood basophil frequency and with wheeze and atopic dermatitis in the first year of life. The infant inflammatory lipid index was associated with increased risk of wheeze in the first year of life. Conclusion The cord blood proinflammatory lipid index is associated with early-life atopic dermatitis and wheezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Hoji
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Chicago, Ill
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, Ill
| | - James E. Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Casper G. Bendixsen
- Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, National Farm Medicine Center, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Christine M. Seroogy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Marshfield, Wis
| | - Joan M. Cook-Mills
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
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Cook-Mills JM, Averill SH, Lajiness JD. Asthma, allergy and vitamin E: Current and future perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 179:388-402. [PMID: 34785320 PMCID: PMC9109636 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Asthma and allergic disease result from interactions of environmental exposures and genetics. Vitamin E is one environmental factor that can modify development of allergy early in life and modify responses to allergen after allergen sensitization. Seemingly varied outcomes from vitamin E are consistent with the differential functions of the isoforms of vitamin E. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the vitamin E isoforms α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol have opposite functions in regulation of allergic inflammation and development of allergic disease, with α-tocopherol having anti-inflammatory functions and γ-tocopherol having pro-inflammatory functions in allergy and asthma. Moreover, global differences in prevalence of asthma by country may be a result, at least in part, of differences in consumption of these two isoforms of tocopherols. It is critical in clinical and animal studies that measurements of the isoforms of tocopherols be determined in vehicles for the treatments, and in the plasma and/or tissues before and after intervention. As allergic inflammation is modifiable by tocopherol isoforms, differential regulation by tocopherol isoforms provide a foundation for development of interventions to improve lung function in disease and raise the possibility of early life dietary interventions to limit the development of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Samantha H Averill
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jacquelyn D Lajiness
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
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7
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Dai R, Miliku K, Gaddipati S, Choi J, Ambalavanan A, Tran MM, Reyna M, Sbihi H, Lou W, Parvulescu P, Lefebvre DL, Becker AB, Azad MB, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Duan Q, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P. Wheeze trajectories: Determinants and outcomes in the CHILD Cohort Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:2153-2165. [PMID: 34974064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheezing in early life is associated with asthma in adulthood; however, the determinants of wheezing trajectories and their associations with asthma and lung function in childhood remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE In the CHILD Cohort Study, we aimed to identify wheezing trajectories and examine the associations between these trajectories, risk factors, and clinical outcomes at age 5 years. METHODS Wheeze data were collected at 8 time points from 3 months to 5 years of age. We used group-based trajectory models to derive wheeze trajectories among 3154 children. Associations with risk factors and clinical outcomes were analyzed by weighted regression models. RESULTS We identified 4 trajectories: a never/infrequent trajectory, transient wheeze, intermediate-onset (preschool) wheeze, and persistent wheeze. Higher body mass index was a common risk factor for all wheeze trajectories compared with that in the never/infrequent group. The unique predictors for specific wheeze trajectories included male sex, lower respiratory tract infections, and day care attendance for transient wheeze; paternal history of asthma, atopic sensitization, and child genetic risk score of asthma for intermediate wheeze; and maternal asthma for persistent wheeze. Blood eosinophil counts were higher in children with the intermediate wheeze trajectory than in those children with the other trajectories at the ages of 1 and 5 years. All wheeze trajectories were associated with decreased lung function and increased risk of asthma at age 5 years. CONCLUSIONS We identified 4 distinct trajectories in children from 3 months to 5 years of age, reflecting different phenotypes of early childhood wheeze. These trajectories were characterized by different biologic and physiologic traits and risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kozeta Miliku
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Jihoon Choi
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Amirthagowri Ambalavanan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Maxwell M Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Myrtha Reyna
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hind Sbihi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Paula Parvulescu
- Public Health Department, Liverpool City Council, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Qingling Duan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, School of Computing, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
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López-Cervantes JP, Lønnebotn M, Jogi NO, Calciano L, Kuiper IN, Darby MG, Dharmage SC, Gómez-Real F, Hammer B, Bertelsen RJ, Johannessen A, Würtz AML, Mørkve Knudsen T, Koplin J, Pape K, Skulstad SM, Timm S, Tjalvin G, Krauss-Etschmann S, Accordini S, Schlünssen V, Kirkeleit J, Svanes C. The Exposome Approach in Allergies and Lung Diseases: Is It Time to Define a Preconception Exposome? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12684. [PMID: 34886409 PMCID: PMC8657011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests environmental exposures before conception may adversely affect allergies and lung diseases in future generations. Most studies are limited as they have focused on single exposures, not considering that these diseases have a multifactorial origin in which environmental and lifestyle factors are likely to interact. Traditional exposure assessment methods fail to capture the interactions among environmental exposures and their impact on fundamental biological processes, as well as individual and temporal factors. A valid estimation of exposure preconception is difficult since the human reproductive cycle spans decades and the access to germ cells is limited. The exposome is defined as the cumulative measure of external exposures on an organism (external exposome), and the associated biological responses (endogenous exposome) throughout the lifespan, from conception and onwards. An exposome approach implies a targeted or agnostic analysis of the concurrent and temporal multiple exposures, and may, together with recent technological advances, improve the assessment of the environmental contributors to health and disease. This review describes the current knowledge on preconception environmental exposures as related to respiratory health outcomes in offspring. We discuss the usefulness and feasibility of using an exposome approach in this research, advocating for the preconception exposure window to become included in the exposome concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo López-Cervantes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Marianne Lønnebotn
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Nils Oskar Jogi
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Matthew G. Darby
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Shyamali C. Dharmage
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
| | - Francisco Gómez-Real
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Barbara Hammer
- Department of Pulmonology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Ane Johannessen
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
| | - Anne Mette Lund Würtz
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Toril Mørkve Knudsen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (F.G.-R.); (R.J.B.)
| | - Jennifer Koplin
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.C.D.); (J.K.)
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathrine Pape
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Svein Magne Skulstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Signe Timm
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
- Research Unit, Kolding Hospital, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 6000 Kolding, Denmark
| | - Gro Tjalvin
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | | | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- Danish Ramazzini Centre, Department of Public Health—Work, Environment and Health, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.M.L.W.); (K.P.); (V.S.)
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jorunn Kirkeleit
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
| | - Cecilie Svanes
- Center for International Health, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway; (M.L.); (A.J.); (G.T.); (J.K.); (C.S.)
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway; (N.O.J.); (T.M.K.); (S.M.S.)
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Walker MT, Ferrie RP, Hoji A, Schroeder-Carter LM, Cohen JD, Schnaar RL, Cook-Mills JM. β-Glucosylceramide From Allergic Mothers Enhances Offspring Responsiveness to Allergen. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2. [PMID: 34368802 PMCID: PMC8345025 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.647134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In animals and humans, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergen and the allergen-specificity of the offspring can be different than that of the mother. In our preclinical models, the mother's allergic responses influence development of the fetus and offspring by elevating numbers of cells in dendritic cell subsets. A major question is the identity of maternal factors of allergic mothers that alter offspring development of responsiveness to allergen. Lipids are altered during allergic responses and lipids are transported to the fetus for growth and formation of fetal membranes. We hypothesized that pro-inflammatory lipids, that are elevated in allergic mothers, are transported to the fetus and regulate fetal immune development. We demonstrate in this report that there was a significant 2-fold increase in β-glucosylceramides (βGlcCer) in allergic mothers, the fetal liver and her offspring. The βGlcCer were transported from mother's plasma, across the placenta, to the fetus and in breastmilk to the offspring. Administration of βGlcCer to non-allergic mothers was sufficient for offspring responses to allergen. Importantly, maternal administration of a clinically relevant pharmacological inhibitor of βGlcCer synthase returned βGlcCer to normal levels in the allergic mothers and her offspring and blocked the offspring increase in dendritic cell subsets and offspring allergen responsiveness. In summary, allergic mothers had increased βGlcCer that was transported to offspring and mediated increases in offspring DCs and responsiveness to allergen. These data have a significant impact on our understanding of mechanisms for development of allergies in offspring of allergic mothers and have the potential to lead to novel interventions that significantly impact risk for allergic disease early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Walker
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ryan P Ferrie
- Allergy/Immunology Division, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aki Hoji
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lindsay M Schroeder-Carter
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jacob D Cohen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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10
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Kumar R, Ferrie RP, Balmert LC, Kienzl M, Rifas-Shiman SL, Gold DR, Sordillo JE, Kleinman K, Camargo CA, Litonjua AA, Oken E, Cook-Mills JM. Associations of α- and γ-tocopherol during early life with lung function in childhood. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 146:1349-1357.e3. [PMID: 32344059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocopherol isoforms may regulate child lung growth and spirometric measures. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to determine the extent to which plasma α-tocopherol (α-T) or γ-tocopherol (γ-T) isoform levels in early childhood or in utero are associated with childhood lung function. METHODS We included 622 participants in the Project Viva cohort who had lung function at a mid-childhood visit (age 6-10 years). Maternal and child tocopherol isoform levels were measured by HPLC at the second trimester and 3 years of age, respectively. Multivariable linear regression models (adjusted for mid-childhood body mass index z scores, maternal education, smoking in pregnancy, and prenatal particulate matter with diameter of <2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) particulate exposure) stratified by tertiles of child γ-T level were used to assess the association of α-T levels with FEV1 and forced vital capacity (FVC) percent predicted. Similarly, models stratified by child α-T tertile evaluated associations of γ-T levels with lung function. We performed similar analyses with maternal second trimester tocopherol isoform levels. RESULTS The median maternal second trimester α-T level was 63 μM (interquartile range = 47-82). The median early-childhood level was 25 μM (interquartile range = 20-33 μM). In the lowest tertile of early-childhood γ-T, children with a higher α-T level (per 10 μM) had a higher mid-childhood FEV1 percent predicted (β = 3.09; 95% CI = 0.58-5.59 and a higher FVC percent predicted (β = 2.77; 95% CI = 0.47-5.06). This protective association of α-T was lost at higher γ-T levels. We did not see any consistent associations of second trimester levels of either α-T or γ-T with mid-childhood FEV1 or FVC. CONCLUSION When γ-T levels were in the lowest tertile, a higher early-childhood α-T level was associated with better lung function at mid-childhood. Second trimester maternal plasma α-T concentration was 3-fold higher than in the adult nonpregnant female population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, Ill; Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | | | - Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Mass
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Mass; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Joanne E Sordillo
- Division of Chronic Disease Research across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Mass
| | - Ken Kleinman
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Mass
| | - Carlos A Camargo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Mass
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind.
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11
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Fujimura T, Lum SZC, Nagata Y, Kawamoto S, Oyoshi MK. Influences of Maternal Factors Over Offspring Allergies and the Application for Food Allergy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1933. [PMID: 31507589 PMCID: PMC6716146 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of food allergy has been steadily rising worldwide with the highest incidence noted among younger children, and increasingly recognized as a growing public concern. The first known ingestion of foods often causes allergic reaction, suggesting that sensitization of offspring with food allergens may occur during pregnancy and/or through breastfeeding. This creates a milieu that shapes the neonatal immune responses to these allergens. However, the effects of maternal allergen exposure and maternal sensitization with allergens on development of allergies in offspring remain controversial. This review discusses recent advances from human data in our understanding of how maternal factors, namely, food allergens, allergen-specific immunoglobulins, cytokines, genetics, and environmental factors transferred during pregnancy or breastfeeding influence offspring allergies and how such effects may be applicable to food allergy. Based on information obtained from mouse models of asthma and food allergy, the review also dissects the mechanisms by which maternal factors, including the impact of immune complexes, transforming growth factor-β, vitamin A, and regulatory T-cell responses, contribute to the induction of neonatal tolerance vs. development of allergic responses to maternally transferred allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fujimura
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Yuka Nagata
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Seiji Kawamoto
- Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michiko K Oyoshi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Walker MT, Green JE, Ferrie RP, Queener AM, Kaplan MH, Cook-Mills JM. Mechanism for initiation of food allergy: Dependence on skin barrier mutations and environmental allergen costimulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:1711-1725.e9. [PMID: 29454836 PMCID: PMC5938139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanisms for the development of food allergy in neonates are unknown but clearly linked in patient populations to a genetic predisposition to skin barrier defects. Whether skin barrier defects contribute functionally to development of food allergy is unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to determine whether skin barrier mutations, which are primarily heterozygous in patient populations, contribute to the development of food allergy. METHODS Mice heterozygous for the filaggrin (Flg)ft and Tmem79ma mutations were skin sensitized with environmental and food allergens. After sensitization, mice received oral challenge with food allergen, and then inflammation, inflammatory mediators, and anaphylaxis were measured. RESULTS We define development of inflammation, inflammatory mediators, and food allergen-induced anaphylaxis in neonatal mice with skin barrier mutations after brief concurrent cutaneous exposure to food and environmental allergens. Moreover, neonates of allergic mothers have increased responses to suboptimal sensitization with food allergens. Importantly, responses to food allergens by these neonatal mice were dependent on genetic defects in skin barrier function and on exposure to environmental allergens. ST2 blockade during skin sensitization inhibited the development of anaphylaxis, antigen-specific IgE, and inflammatory mediators. Neonatal anaphylactic responses and antigen-specific IgE were also inhibited by oral pre-exposure to food allergen, but interestingly, this was blunted by concurrent pre-exposure of the skin to environmental allergen. CONCLUSION These studies uncover mechanisms for food allergy sensitization and anaphylaxis in neonatal mice that are consistent with features of human early-life exposures and genetics in patients with clinical food allergy and demonstrate that changes in barrier function drive development of anaphylaxis to food allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Walker
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Jeremy E Green
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ryan P Ferrie
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ashley M Queener
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mark H Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, HB Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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13
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Ohsaki A, Venturelli N, Buccigrosso TM, Osganian SK, Lee J, Blumberg RS, Oyoshi MK. Maternal IgG immune complexes induce food allergen-specific tolerance in offspring. J Exp Med 2017; 215:91-113. [PMID: 29158374 PMCID: PMC5748859 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20171163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of maternal immune responses in tolerance induction is poorly understood. To study whether maternal allergen sensitization affects offspring susceptibility to food allergy, we epicutaneously sensitized female mice with ovalbumin (OVA) followed by epicutaneous sensitization and oral challenge of their offspring with OVA. Maternal OVA sensitization prevented food anaphylaxis, OVA-specific IgE production, and intestinal mast cell expansion in offspring. This protection was mediated by neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor (FcRn)-dependent transfer of maternal IgG and OVA immune complexes (IgG-IC) via breast milk and induction of allergen-specific regulatory T (T reg) cells in offspring. Breastfeeding by OVA-sensitized mothers or maternal supplementation with IgG-IC was sufficient to induce neonatal tolerance. FcRn-dependent antigen presentation by CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) in offspring was required for oral tolerance. Human breast milk containing OVA-IgG-IC induced tolerance in humanized FcRn mice. Collectively, we demonstrate that interactions of maternal IgG-IC and offspring FcRn are critical for induction of T reg cell responses and control of food-specific tolerance in neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Ohsaki
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - John Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Gastroenterology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA
| | - Michiko K Oyoshi
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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14
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Gatford KL, Wooldridge AL, Kind KL, Bischof R, Clifton VL. Pre-birth origins of allergy and asthma. J Reprod Immunol 2017; 123:88-93. [PMID: 28760578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergy is a chronic disease that can develop as early as infancy, suggesting that early life factors are important in its aetiology. Variable associations between size at birth, a crude marker of the fetal environment, and allergy have been reported in humans and require comprehensive review. Associations between birth weight and allergy are however confounded in humans, and we and others have therefore begun exploring the effects of early life events on allergy in experimental models. In particular, we are using ovine models to investigate whether and how a restricted environment before birth protects against allergy, whether methyl donor availability contributes to allergic protection in IUGR, and why maternal asthma during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of allergic disease in children. We found that experimental intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in sheep reduced cutaneous responses to antigens in progeny, despite normal or elevated IgE responses. Furthermore, maternal methyl donor supplementation in late pregnancy partially reversed effects of experimental IUGR, consistent with the proposal that epigenetic pathways underlie some but not all effects of IUGR on allergic susceptibility. Ovine experimental allergic asthma with exacerbations reduces relative fetal size in late gestation, with some changes in immune populations in fetal thymus suggestive of increased activation. Maternal allergic asthma in mice also predisposes progeny to allergy development. In conclusion, these findings in experimental models provide direct evidence that a perturbed environment before birth alters immune system development and postnatal function, and provide opportunities to investigate underlying mechanisms and develop and evaluate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Gatford
- Robinson Research Institute, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, Australia.
| | - A L Wooldridge
- Robinson Research Institute, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, Australia; School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - K L Kind
- Robinson Research Institute, Australia; School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - R Bischof
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Australia; Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - V L Clifton
- Robinson Research Institute, Australia; Adelaide Medical School, Australia; Mater Research Institute and Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Australia
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15
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Happle C, Jirmo AC, Meyer-Bahlburg A, Habener A, Hoymann HG, Hennig C, Skuljec J, Hansen G. B cells control maternofetal priming of allergy and tolerance in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017; 141:685-696.e6. [PMID: 28601684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a chronic lung disease resulting from inappropriate immune responses to environmental antigens. Early tolerance induction is an attractive approach for primary prevention of asthma. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the mechanisms of perinatal tolerance induction to allergens, with particular focus on the role of B cells in preconception and early intrauterine immune priming. METHODS Wild-type (WT) and B cell-deficient mice received ovalbumin (OVA) intranasally before mating. Their offspring were analyzed in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. RESULTS Although antigen application before conception protected WT progeny from allergy, it aggravated allergic airway inflammation in B cell-deficient offspring. B-cell transfer restored protection, demonstrating the crucial role of B cells in perinatal tolerance induction. Effective diaplacentar allergen transfer was detectable in pregnant WT mice but not in pregnant B-cell knockout dams, and antigen concentrations in WT amniotic fluid (AF) were higher than in IgG-free AF of B cell-deficient dams. Application of OVA/IgG immune complexes during pregnancy boosted OVA uptake by fetal dendritic cells (DCs). Fetal DCs in human subjects and mice expressed strikingly higher levels of Fcγ receptors compared with DCs from adults and were highly efficient in taking up OVA/IgG immune complexes. Moreover, murine fetal DCs effectively primed antigen-specific forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells after in vitro coincubation with OVA/IgG-containing AF. CONCLUSION Our data support a decisive role for B cells and immunoglobulins during in utero tolerance priming. These findings improve the understanding of perinatal immunity and might support the development of effective primary prevention strategies for allergy and asthma in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Adan Chari Jirmo
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Almut Meyer-Bahlburg
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Habener
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Heinz Gerd Hoymann
- Working Group for Airway Pharmacology, Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Hennig
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jelena Skuljec
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
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16
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Saeedi P, Salimian J, Ahmadi A, Imani Fooladi AA. The transient but not resident (TBNR) microbiome: a Yin Yang model for lung immune system. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:451-61. [PMID: 26307905 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1070220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The concept of microbial content of the lung is still controversial. What make this more complicated are controversial results obtaining from different methodologies about lung microbiome and the definition of "lung sterility". Lungs may have very low bacteria but are not completely germ-free. Bacteria are constantly entering from the upper respiratory tract, but are then quickly being cleared. We can find bacterial DNA in the lungs, but it is much harder to ask about living bacteria. Here, we propose that if there is any trafficking of the microorganisms in the lung, it should be a "Transient But Not Resident (TBNR)" model. So, we speculate a "Yin Yang model" for the lung immune system and TBNR. Despite beneficial roles of microbiome on the development of lung immune system, any disruption and alteration in the microbiota composition of upper and lower airways may trigger or lead to several diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and mustard lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Salimian
- b Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- a Applied Microbiology Research Center and
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17
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Abstract
Asthma occurs as a result of complex interactions of environmental and genetic factors. Clinical studies and animal models of asthma indicate offspring of allergic mothers have increased risk of development of allergies. Environmental factors including stress-induced corticosterone and vitamin E isoforms during pregnancy regulate the risk for offspring development of allergy. In this review, we discuss mechanisms for the development of allergic disease early in life, environmental factors that may impact the development of risk for allergic disease early in life, and how the variation in global prevalence of asthma may be explained, at least in part, by some environmental components.
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18
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Shen Y, Wan H, Zhu J, Fang Z, Che L, Xu S, Lin Y, Li J, Wu D. Fish Oil and Olive Oil Supplementation in Late Pregnancy and Lactation Differentially Affect Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows and Piglets. Lipids 2015; 50:647-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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19
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Krauss-Etschmann S, Meyer KF, Dehmel S, Hylkema MN. Inter- and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance: evidence in asthma and COPD? Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:53. [PMID: 26052354 PMCID: PMC4456695 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence is now emerging that early life environment can have lifelong effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary function in offspring, a concept also known as fetal or developmental programming. In mammals, developmental programming is thought to occur mainly via epigenetic mechanisms, which include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of non-coding RNAs. The effects of developmental programming can be induced by the intrauterine environment, leading to intergenerational epigenetic effects from one generation to the next. Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance may be considered when developmental programming is transmitted across generations that were not exposed to the initial environment which triggered the change. So far, inter- and transgenerational programming has been mainly described for cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk. In this review, we discuss available evidence that epigenetic inheritance also occurs in respiratory diseases, using asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as examples. While multiple epidemiological as well as animal studies demonstrate effects of 'toxic' intrauterine exposure on various asthma-related phenotypes in the offspring, only few studies link epigenetic marks to the observed phenotypes. As epigenetic marks may distinguish individuals most at risk of later disease at early age, it will enable early intervention strategies to reduce such risks. To achieve this goal further, well designed experimental and human studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Krauss-Etschmann
- />Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich and Children’s Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians University, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
- />Priority Area Asthma & Allergy, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Research Center Borstel and Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Parkallee 1-40, Borstel, Germany
| | - Karolin F Meyer
- />Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
- />University of Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Dehmel
- />Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich and Children’s Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians University, Max-Lebsche-Platz 31, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Machteld N Hylkema
- />Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
- />University of Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Hogenkamp A, Knippels LMJ, Garssen J, van Esch BCAM. Supplementation of Mice with Specific Nondigestible Oligosaccharides during Pregnancy or Lactation Leads to Diminished Sensitization and Allergy in the Female Offspring. J Nutr 2015; 145:996-1002. [PMID: 25833889 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal environment and early life exposure affect immune development in offspring. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether development of food allergy in offspring is affected by supplementing pregnant or lactating sensitized or nonsensitized mice with a mixture of nondigestible oligosaccharides. METHODS Dams were sensitized intragastrically with ovalbumin before mating, with use of cholera toxin (CT) as an adjuvant. Nonsensitized dams received CT only. Dams were fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with short-chain galacto oligosaccharides (scGOSs), long-chain fructo oligosaccharides (lcFOSs), and pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides (pAOSs) in a ratio of 9:1:2 at a dose of 2% during pregnancy or lactation, resulting in 7 experimental groups. After weaning, offspring were fed a control diet and ovalbumin-CT sensitized. Acute allergic skin responses (ASRs), shock symptoms, body temperature, and specific plasma immunoglobulins were measured upon intradermal ovalbumin challenge. Th2/Th1- and regulatory T cells were analyzed with use of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric analysis in spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and blood. RESULTS Supplementing sensitized pregnant or lactating dams with scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS resulted in lower ASRs in the offspring [offspring of sensitized female mice fed experimental diet during pregnancy (S-Preg): 48 ± 2.1 μm; offspring of sensitized female mice fed experimental diet during lactation (S-Lact): 60 ± 6.2 μm] compared with the sensitized control group (119 ± 13.9 μm). In the S-Lact group, this coincided with an absence of shock symptoms compared with the offspring of sensitized female mice fed control food during pregnancy and lactation (S-Con) and S-Preg groups, and lower ovalbumin-IgG1 [S-Con: 3.8 ± 0.1 arbitrary units (AUs); S-Preg: 3.3 ± 0.1 AUs; S-Lact: 2.4 ± 0.1 AUs] and higher ovalbumin-IgG2a concentrations (S-Con: 1.1 ± 0.1 AUs; S-Preg: 0.8 ± 0.1 AUs; S-Lact: 2.0 ± 0.1 AUs). Supplementing nonsensitized pregnant or lactating dams with scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS resulted in lower plasma ovalbumin-IgE [offspring of nonsensitized female mice fed experimental diet during pregnancy (NS-Preg): 1.6 ± 0.4 AUs; offspring of nonsensitized female mice fed experimental diet during lactation (NS-Lact): 0.3 ± 0.1 AUs vs. offspring of nonsensitized female mice fed control food during pregnancy and lactation (NS-Con): 3.1 ± 0.6 AUs] and ovalbumin-IgG1 (NS-Lact: 2.3 ± 0.3 AUs vs. NS-Con: 3.4 ± 0.3 AUs) concentrations in offspring. Ovalbumin-IgG2a plasma concentrations were higher in offspring of scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-supplemented dams (NS-Preg: 1.1 ± 0.1 AUs; NS-Lact: 1.1 ± 0.1 AUs) than in those of unsupplemented, nonsensitized controls (0.4 ± 0.0 AUs). CONCLUSIONS These data show impaired sensitization in offspring of scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-supplemented mice. A number of the analyzed variables are differentially affected by whether supplementation occurs during pregnancy or lactation, and the outcome of dietary supplementation is affected by whether the mother has been sensitized to ovalbumin and CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Hogenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Leon M J Knippels
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Betty C A M van Esch
- Department of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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21
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Abdala-Valencia H, Berdnikovs S, Soveg FW, Cook-Mills JM. α-Tocopherol supplementation of allergic female mice inhibits development of CD11c+CD11b+ dendritic cells in utero and allergic inflammation in neonates. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L482-96. [PMID: 25015974 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00132.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Tocopherol blocks responses to allergen challenge in allergic adult mice, but it is not known whether α-tocopherol regulates the development of allergic disease. Development of allergic disease often occurs early in life. In clinical studies and animal models, offspring of allergic mothers have increased responsiveness to allergen challenge. Therefore, we determined whether α-tocopherol blocked development of allergic responses in offspring of allergic female mice. Allergic female mice were supplemented with α-tocopherol starting at mating. The pups from allergic mothers developed allergic lung responses, whereas pups from saline-treated mothers did not respond to the allergen challenge, and α-tocopherol supplementation of allergic female mice resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in eosinophils in the pup bronchoalveolar lavage and lungs after allergen challenge. There was also a reduction in pup lung CD11b(+) dendritic cell subsets that are critical to development of allergic responses, but there was no change in several CD11b(-) dendritic cell subsets. Furthermore, maternal supplementation with α-tocopherol reduced the number of fetal liver CD11b(+) dendritic cells in utero. In the pups, there was reduced allergen-induced lung mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-33, TSLP, CCL11, and CCL24. Cross-fostering pups at the time of birth demonstrated that α-tocopherol had a regulatory function in utero. In conclusion, maternal supplementation with α-tocopherol reduced fetal development of subsets of dendritic cells that are critical for allergic responses and reduced development of allergic responses in pups from allergic mothers. These results have implications for supplementation of allergic mothers with α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sergejs Berdnikovs
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frank W Soveg
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Heller MC, Lee-Fowler TM, Liu H, Cohn LA, Reinero CR. Neonatal aerosol exposure to Bermuda grass allergen prevents subsequent induction of experimental allergic feline asthma: evidence for establishing early immunologic tolerance. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:20-5. [PMID: 24704287 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma is increasing in industrialized countries, especially in children. Rodent and human studies suggest an opportunity to "prevent" asthma in the perinatal period. The aims of this study were to create a more "natural" model of feline asthma by exposing offspring of asthmatic queens to Bermuda grass allergen (BGA) by inhalation only, and to investigate maternal-fetal-infant interactions in the development of asthma. Kittens from asthmatic queens were divided into four groups: maternal exposure to aerosolized BGA during the third trimester, neonatal exposure to aerosolized BGA in the first three months of life, both maternal and neonatal exposure, or saline control. Kittens failing to achieve an asthmatic phenotype based on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis by 6 months underwent traditional sensitization: adjuvanted allergen injection, intranasal allergen, and aerosol challenges. BALF was collected at 3, 4 and 6 months, and after sensitization at 8 months, and analyzed for eosinophil counts and BGA-specific IgG and IgA. Intradermal testing (IDT) was performed at 6 and 7 months. At six months none of the kittens had airway eosinophilia, BGA-specific IgG or IgA, and were non-responsive to IDT. After sensitization, kittens receiving neonatal aerosolization failed to develop airway eosinophilia as seen in the controls. Kittens exposed to BGA aerosols, either in-utero or neonatally, continued to lack IDT response. Chronic exposure to BGA aerosols failed to induce asthma in kittens, and instead tolerized the kittens to BGA. This is the first evidence that neonatal intervention could potentially "prevent" allergic asthma in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Heller
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - T M Lee-Fowler
- Auburn University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, United States.
| | - H Liu
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - L A Cohn
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
| | - C R Reinero
- Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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23
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Brandtzaeg P. Immune aspects of breast milk: an overview. HANDBOOK OF DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN BREAST MILK 2013. [DOI: 10.3920/978-90-8686-764-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Brandtzaeg
- Laboratory for Immunohistochemistry and Immunopathology (LIIPAT), Centre for Immune Regulation (CIR), University of Oslo and Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
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24
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Hansen JS, Andreassen M, Nygaard UC, Løvik M. Offspring IgE responses are influenced by levels of maternal IgG transferred in early life. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 70:359-71. [PMID: 23692081 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Maternal immune responses may interfere with offspring allergy development as maternal immunization may suppress IgE development, while maternal allergy may promote allergy. Therefore, we investigated the effect of two different maternal treatments on airway allergy in female and male offspring. METHOD OF STUDY Pregnant mice were immunized (IMM) with ovalbumin (OVA) or immunized and airway-challenged (IMM+AI). At different ages, airway allergy to OVA was induced in offspring by intranasal sensitization. RESULTS Maternal IgG1 was found at higher levels in IMM+AI than in IMM offspring. After sensitization, the suppression of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 was complete in juvenile offspring but waned with age concurrently with maternal IgG1 levels. Cytokine secretion, lung inflammation, and B cell priming were not suppressed although IgE responses were. CONCLUSIONS High compared with low levels of maternal IgG1 were associated with lower TH 2 antibody production after adult offspring were re-exposed to OVA. Thus, offspring allergy-related responses appeared to be shaped by maternal antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka S Hansen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Nakajima Y, Goldblum RM, Midoro-Horiuti T. Fetal exposure to bisphenol A as a risk factor for the development of childhood asthma: an animal model study. Environ Health 2012; 11:8. [PMID: 22353195 PMCID: PMC3306825 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-11-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of asthma in industrialized countries has been increasing dramatically and asthma is now the most common chronic disease of children in the United States. The rapidity of the increase strongly suggests that changes in environmental exposures are the likely cause of this epidemic. Further, the early onset of allergic manifestations suggests that these exposures may act on the prenatal development of the immune system. We have focused on the potential effects of bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical pollutant with one of the largest productions, on the development of childhood asthma. We have reported that perinatal BPA exposure promotes the development of allergic asthma in a mouse model. The current study was designed to identify a critical period of BPA exposure and to begin elucidating the mechanisms for this susceptibility. METHODS Female BALB/c mice received 10 micro g/ml BPA in their drinking water from one week before pregnancy until the end of the study. Some of the pups were transferred in the first 48 h of life from their BPA-loaded mother to an unexposed mother, or vice versa. Half of the pups were sensitized with a low dose of the experimental allergen ovalbumin (OVA), the rest received PBS as an unsensitized controls. On day 22, the pups were challenged by inhalations of ovalbumin or PBS followed by quantification of eosinophils in and hyperreactivity of their airways, major indicators of experimental asthma in this classical mouse model. Hepatic expression of two isoforms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (Ugt) was quantified by quantitative RT-PCR at various ages. RESULTS Pups exposed to BPA in utero and through breast milk, or in utero only, displayed an asthma phenotype in response to their "suboptimal" allergic sensitization, whereas, pups only exposed to BPA postnatally from breast milk, did not. The expression of Ugt2b1, an isoform related to BPA clearance in rats, was not detectable in mouse fetuses and newborn pups, but increased by day 5 and approached adult levels by day 25. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposures that produce environmentally relevant burdens of BPA, followed by postnatal allergic sensitization and challenges, promote the development of experimental allergic asthma. Delayed expression of BPA-metabolizing enzymes may explain, at least in part, the enhanced fetal susceptibility to this common environmental contaminant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Nakajima
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0366, USA
| | - Randall M Goldblum
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0366, USA
| | - Terumi Midoro-Horiuti
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0366, USA
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26
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Perinatal programming of asthma: the role of gut microbiota. Clin Dev Immunol 2011; 2012:932072. [PMID: 22110540 PMCID: PMC3216351 DOI: 10.1155/2012/932072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal programming, a dominant theory for the origins of cardiovascular disease, proposes that environmental stimuli influence developmental pathways during critical periods of prenatal and postnatal development, inducing permanent changes in metabolism. In this paper, we present evidence for the perinatal programming of asthma via the intestinal microbiome. While epigenetic mechanisms continue to provide new explanations for the programming hypothesis of asthma development, it is increasingly apparent that the intestinal microbiota plays an independent and potentially interactive role. Commensal gut bacteria are essential to immune system development, and exposures disrupting the infant gut microbiota have been linked to asthma. This paper summarizes the recent findings that implicate caesarean delivery, breastfeeding, perinatal stress, probiotics, and antibiotics as modifiers of infant gut microbiota in the development of asthma.
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27
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Li YJ, Takizawa H, Azuma A, Kohyama T, Yamauchi Y, Takahashi S, Yamamoto M, Kawada T, Kudoh S, Sugawara I. Nrf2 is closely related to allergic airway inflammatory responses induced by low-dose diesel exhaust particles in mice. Clin Immunol 2010; 137:234-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2010.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 07/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Odiere MR, Scott ME, Weiler HA, Koski KG. Protein deficiency and nematode infection during pregnancy and lactation reduce maternal bone mineralization and neonatal linear growth in mice. J Nutr 2010; 140:1638-45. [PMID: 20660285 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.125013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a 2 x 2 factorial design, we investigated the combined impact of protein deficiency (PD) and gastrointestinal nematode infection during late pregnancy and lactation on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition and bone mineralization, neonatal growth, and the regulatory hormones [corticosterone, leptin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)] and proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6] that may drive these processes. Pregnant CD1 mice, fed either a protein-sufficient (PS; 24%) or protein-deficient (PD; 6%) isocaloric diet, were infected 4 times with either 0 (sham) or 100 Heligmosomoides bakeri larvae beginning on d 14 of pregnancy. Dams were killed on d 20 postpartum and pups on d 2, 7, 14, and 21. Diet and infection had largely independent effects. The PD diet elevated corticosterone and upregulated leptin concentration in maternal serum, which was associated with reduced food intake leading to lower body mass, RMR, and body temperature. Infection reduced food intake but elevated maternal serum IL-1 beta and IL-6 and did not affect corticosterone, leptin, RMR, or body temperature. The PD diet decreased maternal bone area and bone mineral content. Infection lowered maternal bone mineral density, consistent with elevated IL-1 beta and IL-6. The elevated serum IL-1 beta and lower IGF-1 in pups of PD dams and lower serum leptin and IGF-1 in pups of infected dams were both consistent with the lower pup body mass and shorter crown-rump length. This mouse model provides a novel framework to study the impact of diet and nematode infection on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice R Odiere
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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29
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Matson AP, Thrall RS, Rafti E, Lingenheld EG, Puddington L. IgG transmitted from allergic mothers decreases allergic sensitization in breastfed offspring. Clin Mol Allergy 2010; 8:9. [PMID: 20626874 PMCID: PMC2914046 DOI: 10.1186/1476-7961-8-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism(s) responsible for the reduced risk of allergic disease in breastfed infants are not fully understood. Using an established murine model of asthma, we demonstrated previously that resistance to allergic airway disease transmitted from allergic mothers to breastfed offspring requires maternal B cell-derived factors. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of offspring neonatal Fc receptor for IgG uptake by intestinal epithelial cells (FcRn) in this breast milk transferred protection from allergy. METHODS Allergic airway disease was induced during pregnancy in C57BL/6 female mice. These allergic mothers foster nursed naive FcRn+/- or FcRn-/- progeny born to FcRn+/- females that were mated to C57BL/6J-FcRn-/- male mice. In offspring deficient in FcRn, we expected reduced levels of systemic allergen-specific IgG1, a consequence of decreased absorption of maternal IgG from the lumen of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract. Using this model, we were able to investigate how breast milk IgG affected offspring responses to allergic sensitization. RESULTS Levels of maternal antibodies absorbed from the breast milk of allergic foster mothers were determined in weanling FcRn-sufficient or -deficient mice. Maternal transmission of allergen-specific IgG1 to breastfed FcRn-/- offspring was at levels 103-104 lower than observed in FcRn+/- or FcRn+/+ mice. Five weeks after weaning, when offspring were 8 wk old, mice were sensitized and challenged to evaluate their susceptibility to develop allergic airway disease. Protection, indicated by reduced parameters of disease (allergen-specific IgE in serum, eosinophilic inflammation in the airways and lung) were evident in FcRn-sufficient mice nursed as neonates by allergic mothers. In contrast, FcRn-deficient mice breastfed by the same mothers acquired limited, if any, protection from development of allergen-specific IgE and associated pathology. CONCLUSIONS FcRn expression was a major factor in determining how breastfed offspring of allergic mothers acquired levels of systemic allergen-specific IgG1 sufficient to inhibit allergic sensitization in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Matson
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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30
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Subbarao P, Becker A, Brook JR, Daley D, Mandhane PJ, Miller GE, Turvey SE, Sears MR. Epidemiology of asthma: risk factors for development. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 5:77-95. [PMID: 20476901 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.5.1.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the recent literature was undertaken to determine the current state of knowledge of the risk factors involved in the development of asthma in order to focus investigations in a proposed new longitudinal birth cohort study. The origins of asthma appear to lie in the prenatal and early postnatal period, and renewed investigations in this period with long-term close follow-up and objective phenotypic characterization will help to unravel the role of the multiple putative environmental factors in the development of asthma. It is only after understanding these effects that one can hope to design rational prevention studies for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Subbarao
- Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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31
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McCusker C. Teaching tolerance: using the neonatal immune system to prevent allergic asthma. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2010; 4:429-32. [PMID: 20477571 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.4.4.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of: Verhasselt V, Milcent V, Cazareth J et al. Breast milk-mediated transfer of an antigen induces tolerance and protection from allergic asthma. Nat. Med. 14(2), 170-175 (2008). Allergic asthma affects up to 20% of the population in developed countries, with increasing incidence. Lessons from epidemiologic studies suggest that increased emphasis on hygiene, coupled with decreasing frequency of childhood infections, may explain this rise in asthma. The present study demonstrates that maternal transfer of allergen plus immunoregulatory factors via breast milk can influence the developing immune response in the offspring, inducing the tolerant rather than the allergic phenotype. Taken with studies of pre- and postnatal early antigen exposure, these data suggest that learning to regulate responses to aeroallergens depends upon the maternal immune status, the composition of breast milk and the offspring's exposure to environmental stimuli. Extension of these findings may, ultimately, provide strategies for the prevention of asthma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine McCusker
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, 3626 St Urbain, Montreal, QC H2X 2P2, Canada.
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32
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Lim RH, Kobzik L, Dahl M. Risk for asthma in offspring of asthmatic mothers versus fathers: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10134. [PMID: 20405032 PMCID: PMC2853568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many human epidemiologic studies demonstrate that maternal asthma confers greater risk of asthma to offspring than does paternal disease. However, a handful have shown the opposite. Given this disparity, a meta-analysis is necessary to determine the veracity and magnitude of the "maternal effect." METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We screened the medical literature from 1966 to 2009 and performed a meta-analysis to compare the effect of maternal asthma vs. paternal asthma on offspring asthma susceptibility. Aggregating data from 33 studies, the odds ratio for asthma in children of asthmatic mothers compared with non-asthmatic mothers was significantly increased at 3.04 (95% confidence interval: 2.59-3.56). The corresponding odds ratio for asthma in children of asthmatic fathers was increased at 2.44 (2.14-2.79). When comparing the odds ratios, maternal asthma conferred greater risk of disease than did paternal asthma (3.04 vs. 2.44, p = 0.037). When analyzing the studies in which asthma was diagnosed by a physician the odds ratios were attenuated and no significant differences were observed (2.85 vs. 2.48, N = 18, p = 0.37). Similarly, no significant differences were observed between maternal and paternal odds ratios when analyzing the studies in which the patient population was 5 years or older (3.15 vs. 2.60, p = 0.14). However, in all cases the trend remained the same, that maternal asthma was a greater risk factor for asthma than paternal. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results show that maternal asthma increases offspring disease risk to a greater extent than paternal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H. Lim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Morten Dahl
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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33
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Santos PDA, Sales IRF, Schirato GV, Costa VMA, Albuquerque MCPA, Souza VMO, Malagueño E. Influence of maternal schistosomiasis on the immunity of adult offspring mice. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:95-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Schaub B. Asthma bronchiale. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-009-2083-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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Midoro-Horiuti T, Tiwari R, Watson CS, Goldblum RM. Maternal bisphenol a exposure promotes the development of experimental asthma in mouse pups. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2010; 118:273-7. [PMID: 20123615 PMCID: PMC2831929 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported that various environmental estrogens induce mast cell degranulation and enhance IgE-mediated release of allergic mediators in vitro. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that environmental estrogens would enhance allergic sensitization as well as bronchial inflammation and responsiveness. To test this hypothesis, we exposed fetal and neonatal mice to the common environmental estrogen bisphenol A (BPA) via maternal loading and assessed the pups' response to allergic sensitization and bronchial challenge. METHODS Female BALB/c mice received 10 microg/mL BPA in their drinking water from 1 week before impregnation to the end of the study. Neonatal mice were given a single 5 microg intraperitoneal dose of ovalbumin (OVA) with aluminum hydroxide on postnatal day 4 and 3% OVA by nebulization for 10 min on days 13, 14, and 15. Forty-eight hours after the last nebulization, we assessed serum IgE antibodies to OVA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by enumerating eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whole-body barometric plethysmography, and a forced oscillation technique. RESULTS Neonates from BPA-exposed mothers responded to this "suboptimal" sensitization with higher serum IgE anti-OVA concentrations compared with those from unexposed mothers (p < 0.05), and eosinophilic inflammation in their airways was significantly greater. Airway responsiveness of the OVA-sensitized neonates from BPA-treated mothers was enhanced compared with those from unexposed mothers (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Perinatal exposure to BPA enhances allergic sensitization and bronchial inflammation and responsiveness in a susceptible animal model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumi Midoro-Horiuti
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Address correspondence to T. Midoro-Horiuti, Child Health Research Center, Children’s Hospital Room 2.300, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0366 USA. Telephone: (409) 772-3832. Fax: (409) 772-1761. E-mail:
| | - Ruby Tiwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center and
| | - Cheryl S. Watson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Randall M. Goldblum
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center and
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Case LK, Del Rio R, Bonney EA, Zachary JF, Blankenhorn EP, Tung KSK, Teuscher C. The postnatal maternal environment affects autoimmune disease susceptibility in A/J mice. Cell Immunol 2010; 260:119-27. [PMID: 19914609 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal maternal environment is known to increase susceptibility to a number of autoimmune diseases. Here we asked whether the postnatal maternal environment could influence autoimmune disease development to day 3 thymectomy (d3tx)-induced autoimmune ovarian disease (AOD) and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in cross-fostered A/J and B6 mice. A/J pups foster-nursed by B6 mothers exhibit an increase in autoimmune disease development while cross-fostering B6 pups on A/J mothers did not alter their susceptibility. The increase in AOD incidence seen in foster-nursed d3tx A/J mice correlated with a decrease in the total number of CD4(+) T cells in the lymph nodes of these animals. Analysis of the cellular composition in the milk revealed that B6 mice shed significantly more maternally derived lymphocytes into their milk compared to A/J mothers. These data suggest that there are maternally derived postnatal factors that influence the development of autoimmune disease in A/J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure K Case
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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37
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Li YJ, Kawada T, Matsumoto A, Azuma A, Kudoh S, Takizawa H, Sugawara I. AIRWAY INFLAMMATORY RESPONSES TO OXIDATIVE STRESS INDUCED BY LOW-DOSE DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLE EXPOSURE DIFFER BETWEEN MOUSE STRAINS. Exp Lung Res 2009; 33:227-44. [PMID: 17620185 DOI: 10.1080/01902140701481062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Low-dose diesel exhaust particle (DEP) exposure induces airway inflammation and exaggerates asthmatic responses in mice, but it is unclear whether strains differ in their susceptibility to adverse effects from low-dose DEP exposure. The authors used BALB/c and C57BL/6 mouse strains to search for genetically based differences in response to low-dose DEP (100 microg/m(3)) exposure in terms of airway inflammatory response. The macrophage count in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid soon after DE exposure began was significantly greater in C57BL/6 mice (P < .05) than that in BALB/c mice. The count did not increase significantly in BALB/c mice until later. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA expression and protein production in lung tissues soon after exposure began were more marked in BALB/c mice than in C57BL/6 mice, but the reverse was true later on. The increases in interleukin (IL)-1beta and interferon (IFN)-gamma levels in BAL fluid after DE exposure were significant only in BALB/c mice; there were significantly increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-12, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-13 in both strains, but these were more marked in C57BL/6 mice. These interstrain differences in airway inflammatory response after DE exposure were significantly attenuated by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment. Changes in airway hyperresponsiveness were independent of the airway inflammation induced by low-dose DEP. Thus, in BALB/c mice, innate immunity may play a central role in DE exposure response, whereas in C57BL/6 mice Th2-dominant responses play a central role. Low-dose DEP exposure induces airway inflammatory responses that differ among strains, and these differences may be caused by differences in sensitivity to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ji Li
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Sudha VT, Arora N, Singh BP. Serine protease activity of Per a 10 augments allergen-induced airway inflammation in a mouse model. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:507-16. [PMID: 19397689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We recently reported an immunodominant serine protease allergen (Per a 10) from Periplaneta americana. This study investigates the role of its proteolytic activity in driving the immune responses towards self and other allergens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Groups of Balb/c mice were sensitized intraperitoneally and subcutaneously with proteolytically active Per a 10 or inactivated Per a 10 (using aminoethyl benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride) or whole body P. americana extract and subsequently challenged intranasally with the respective antigens. Mice were also sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) alone or co-administered with active or inactive Per a 10. The immune-inflammatory responses were measured by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and cellular infiltration of lungs i.e. eosinophil counts, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) activity, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), lung histopathology, serum levels of specific-antibodies and levels of Th1/Th2 interleukins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and in spleen cells culture supernatant. RESULTS Mice challenged with active Per a 10/P. americana extract showed a significant airway inflammation demonstrated by enhanced AHR and increased cellular infiltration of lungs as evidenced by high eosinophil counts, EPO activity, IL-4 and IL-5 in BALF. Active Per a 10 also induced a significant proliferation of spleen cells, increased secretion of IL-4 and IL-5 in the spleen cells culture supernatant and systemic production of specific-IgE and IgG1. However, exposure with inactive Per a 10 elicited a low cellular infiltration and systemic antibody production. Exposure to OVA with active Per a 10 demonstrated a significantly high cellular infiltration and production of OVA-specific IgE and IgG1, than exposure to OVA alone or with inactive Per a 10. CONCLUSIONS Proteolytic activity of Per a 10 plays an important role in driving the allergic immune response by providing an adjuvant effect, towards self and other potential allergens present in the same microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Sudha
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Amoudruz P, Holmlund U, Schollin J, Sverremark-Ekström E, Montgomery SM. Maternal country of birth and previous pregnancies are associated with breast milk characteristics. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2009; 20:19-29. [PMID: 18484963 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Populations in high infectious exposure countries are at low risk of some immune-mediated diseases such as Crohn's disease and allergy. This low risk is maintained upon immigration to an industrialized country, but the offspring of such immigrants have a higher immune-mediated disease risk than the indigenous population. We hypothesize that early life exposures in a developing country shape the maternal immune system, which could have implications for the offspring born in a developed country with a low infectious load. The aim of this study was to investigate if exposures in childhood (indicated by country of origin) and subsequent exposures influence immunologic characteristics relevant to stimulation of offspring. Breast milk components among 64 mothers resident in Sweden, 32 of whom immigrated from a developing country, were examined using the ELISA and Cytometric Bead Array methods. Immigrants from a developing country had statistically significantly higher levels of breast milk interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8 and transforming growth factor-beta1. A larger number of previous pregnancies were associated with down-regulation of several substances, statistically significant for soluble CD14 and IL-8. The results suggest that maternal country of birth may influence adult immune characteristics, potentially relevant to disease risk in offspring. Such a mechanism may explain the higher immune-mediated disease risk among children of migrants from a developing to developed country. Older siblings may influence disease risk through the action of previous pregnancies on maternal immune characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Amoudruz
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden.
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Polte T, Hennig C, Hansen G. Allergy prevention starts before conception: maternofetal transfer of tolerance protects against the development of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122:1022-1030.e5. [PMID: 19000583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 09/05/2008] [Accepted: 09/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergy prevention must start early because environmental exposures during pregnancy and young life determine disease risk. OBJECTIVE In this study we analyzed whether prevention can start even earlier before conception by transfer of immunologic tolerance from the mother to the offspring preventing the offspring from having asthma. METHODS BALB/c mice were orally tolerized with ovalbumin before conception by means of oral application of antigen. The offspring of tolerized and naive mothers were immunized with ovalbumin at 6 weeks and 4 months of age and analyzed in our murine asthma model. RESULTS Although the offspring of naive mothers had an asthma-like phenotype, the offspring of tolerized mice were completely protected, even when immunized as late as 8 months after birth. Critically involved in the tolerance transfer was allergen-specific IgG, levels of which were increased in the sera of the mother, fetus, and pup and breast milk. FcRn(-/-) mice, which cannot transport IgG through the placenta, transferred tolerance to the offspring only when the missing diaplacental IgG transfer was compensated by IgG transfer through breast milk from tolerant mothers but not when weaned by naive wet nurses. Inhibition of IFN-gamma, produced by memory T cells in the offspring, abrogated the protective effect of maternal tolerance, demonstrating a crucial role for IFN-gamma in the maintenance of allergen-specific tolerance. CONCLUSION Our data show that maternal immunologic memory has a significant and persistent effect on the immune response of the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Polte
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Abstract
Maternal asthma significantly increases the risk of asthma in offspring, but the mechanisms remain poorly defined. We review animal models used to study the maternal effect, focusing on a murine model developed in our laboratory. Mother mice rendered allergic to ovalbumin produce offspring that are more susceptible to allergic sensitization, seen as airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic airway inflammation after a sensitization protocol, which has minimal effects on newborns from normal mothers. Mechanistic analyses identify a role for interleukin-4 (based on pre-mating injection of neutralizing antibodies), dendritic cells and allergen-specific T cells (based on adoptive transfer experiments). Other maternal exposures (e.g. pollutant exposure and non-pulmonary allergy) can increase asthma susceptibility in offspring. This observation implies that the maternal transmission of asthma represents a final common pathway to various types of inflammatory stimuli. Identification of the shared molecular mechanisms in these models may allow better prevention and therapy. Current knowledge, gaps in knowledge and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Li YJ, Takizawa H, Azuma A, Kohyama T, Yamauchi Y, Takahashi S, Yamamoto M, Kawada T, Kudoh S, Sugawara I. Disruption of Nrf2 enhances susceptibility to airway inflammatory responses induced by low-dose diesel exhaust particles in mice. Clin Immunol 2008; 128:366-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Matson AP, Zhu L, Lingenheld EG, Schramm CM, Clark RB, Selander DM, Thrall RS, Breen E, Puddington L. Maternal transmission of resistance to development of allergic airway disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:1282-91. [PMID: 17617621 PMCID: PMC3155847 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.2.1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Parental phenotype is known to influence the inheritance of atopic diseases, such as allergic asthma, with a maternal history being a more significant risk factor for progeny than paternal history. We hypothesized that recall Th1- or Th2-type immune responses during pregnancy would result in transfer of maternal factors that would differentially impact development of immune responsiveness in offspring. Following weaning, susceptibility and severity of allergic airway disease (a murine model of human asthma) was evaluated in progeny, disease being elicited by immunization with OVA-Al(OH)(3) and challenge with aerosolized OVA. We found that progeny of mothers with Th1-biased immunity to OVA subjected to recall aerosol challenge during pregnancy had reduced levels of Ag-specific IgE and airway eosinophilia compared with progeny of mothers with Th2-biased immunity to OVA or naive mothers. Interestingly, progeny of mothers with Th1-type immunity to a heterologous albumin, BSA, were not protected from developing OVA-induced allergic airway disease. These findings demonstrated that maternal transfer of protection from development of allergic airway disease to offspring in this model of maternal Th1-type immunity was Ag specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. Matson
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Division of Neonatology, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | - Craig M. Schramm
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, CT 06106
| | - Robert B. Clark
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Dawn M. Selander
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Roger S. Thrall
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Elena Breen
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Lynn Puddington
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Lynn Puddington, Department of Immunology, Center for Integrative Immunology and Vaccine Research, MC-1319, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-1319.
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Fedulov AV, Leme AS, Kobzik L. Duration of allergic susceptibility in maternal transmission of asthma risk. Am J Reprod Immunol 2007; 58:120-8. [PMID: 17631005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2007.00496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Asthma has its origins in early-life. Maternal, not paternal asthma is an important risk factor, but the mechanisms and the duration of the maternal effect are unknown. METHOD OF STUDY Offspring of asthmatic and normal mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) at 1, 3, 6 and 10 weeks of age, challenged with aerosolized OVA 2 weeks later and tested for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic airway inflammation (AI). RESULTS Offspring of asthmatic, but not normal, mothers showed AHR and AI after OVA sensitization at week 1. Similarly increased susceptibility to OVA was observed when sensitized at 3 or 6 weeks, although the magnitude diminished. Offspring sensitized at 10 and challenged at 12 weeks showed some AI but no AHR. CONCLUSION In offspring from asthmatic mothers increased allergic susceptibility persisted through the young adulthood, albeit with gradual decline, which suggests a long-lived but reversible skewing of the developing immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Fedulov
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Admyre C, Johansson SM, Qazi KR, Filén JJ, Lahesmaa R, Norman M, Neve EPA, Scheynius A, Gabrielsson S. Exosomes with immune modulatory features are present in human breast milk. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:1969-78. [PMID: 17641064 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 838] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast milk is a complex liquid with immune-competent cells and soluble proteins that provide immunity to the infant and affect the maturation of the infant's immune system. Exosomes are nanovesicles (30-100 nm) with an endosome-derived limiting membrane secreted by a diverse range of cell types. Because exosomes carry immunorelevant structures, they are suggested to participate in directing the immune response. We hypothesized that human breast milk contain exosomes, which may be important for the development of the infant's immune system. We isolated vesicles from the human colostrum and mature breast milk by ultracentrifugations and/or immuno-isolation on paramagnetic beads. We found that the vesicles displayed a typical exosome-like size and morphology as analyzed by electron microscopy. Furthermore, they floated at a density between 1.10 and 1.18 g/ml in a sucrose gradient, corresponding to the known density of exosomes. In addition, MHC classes I and II, CD63, CD81, and CD86 were detected on the vesicles by flow cytometry. Western blot and mass spectrometry further confirmed the presence of several exosome-associated molecules. Functional analysis revealed that the vesicle preparation inhibited anti-CD3-induced IL-2 and IFN-gamma production from allogeneic and autologous PBMC. In addition, an increased number of Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells were observed in PBMC incubated with milk vesicle preparations. We conclude that human breast milk contains exosomes with the capacity to influence immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Admyre
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Allergy Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Matheson MC, Erbas B, Balasuriya A, Jenkins MA, Wharton CL, Tang MLK, Abramson MJ, Walters EH, Hopper JL, Dharmage SC. Breast-feeding and atopic disease: a cohort study from childhood to middle age. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1051-7. [PMID: 17764732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The literature regarding the association between breast-feeding and atopic diseases has been contradictory. OBJECTIVE We have assessed the relationship between breast-feeding and atopic disorders in a cohort followed into middle age. METHODS The Tasmanian Asthma Study is a population-based prospective cohort study that has followed participants from the age of 7 to 44 years. Exclusive breast-feeding in the first 3 months of life was examined as a risk factor for atopic diseases by using multiple logistic regression and generalized estimating equation analyses. RESULTS At age 7 years, exclusively breast-fed children with a maternal history of atopy had a marginally lesser risk of current asthma than those not exclusively breast-fed (odds ratio [OR], 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0). However, after age 7 years, the risk reversed, and exclusively breast-fed children had an increased risk of current asthma at 14 (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02-2.07), 32 (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.06-3.3), and 44 (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.15-2.14) years. Exclusively breast-fed children also had a reduced risk of food allergy at age 7 years but an increased risk of food allergy (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.1-1.5) and allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3) at 44 years. CONCLUSION Exclusively breast-fed babies with a maternal history of atopy were less likely to develop asthma before the age of 7 years, but more likely to develop asthma after the age of 7 years. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The current recommendation to breast-feed high-risk infants for protection against early wheezing illness can be confirmed. However, the recommendation should be reconsidered for protection against allergic asthma and atopy in the longer term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Claire Matheson
- Center for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic & Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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Guilbert TW, Stern DA, Morgan WJ, Martinez FD, Wright AL. Effect of breastfeeding on lung function in childhood and modulation by maternal asthma and atopy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:843-8. [PMID: 17690333 PMCID: PMC2048674 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200610-1507oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The protective effect of breastfeeding on early respiratory infections is well established, but its relationship to the development of subsequent asthma remains controversial. OBJECTIVES To clarify these complex issues, we examined the association between lung function and infant-feeding practices. METHODS In the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study, feeding practices were assessed prospectively based on questionnaires completed at enrollment and well-child visits. Formula introduction was categorized as having occurred before 2 months (n = 143, "early formula introduction"), from 2 and before 4 months (n = 336), or at 4 months and older (n = 200, "longer breastfed"). Lung function was measured at age 11 and 16 years. A random-effects model was used to assess the relationship of infant-feeding practices to measures of lung function. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS FVC by age 16 was increased by 103 +/- 40.0 ml (P = 0.01), and the FEV1/FVC ratio was lower (-1.9 +/- 0.6%, P = 0.004) in the longer breastfed children compared with children with early formula introduction. This effect was modified after stratifying by maternal asthma. Compared with children with early formula introduction, longer breastfed children with asthmatic mothers had an FVC that was not increased (P = 0.7) and an FEV1/FVC ratio (-5.7 +/- 2.4%, P = 0.02) that was significantly decreased by age 16. Longer breastfed children with nonatopic, nonasthmatic mothers demonstrated an increased FVC (142 +/- 71.1 ml, P = 0.047) and no decrease in FEV1/FVC (P = 0.7) compared with children with early formula introduction. CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of breastfeeding favorably influences lung growth in children. However, in the presence of maternal asthma, longer breastfeeding is associated with decreased airflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W Guilbert
- Arizona Respiratory Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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Lim RH, Arredouani MS, Fedulov A, Kobzik L, Hubeau C. Maternal allergic contact dermatitis causes increased asthma risk in offspring. Respir Res 2007; 8:56. [PMID: 17662138 PMCID: PMC1959186 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-8-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Offspring of asthmatic mothers have increased risk of developing asthma, based on human epidemiologic data and experimental animal models. The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal allergy at non-pulmonary sites can increase asthma risk in offspring. Methods BALB/c female mice received 2 topical applications of vehicle, dinitrochlorobenzene, or toluene diisocyanate before mating with untreated males. Dinitrochlorobenzene is a skin-sensitizer only and known to induce a Th1 response, while toluene diisocyanate is both a skin and respiratory sensitizer that causes a Th2 response. Both cause allergic contact dermatitis. Offspring underwent an intentionally suboptimal protocol of allergen sensitization and aerosol challenge, followed by evaluation of airway hyperresponsiveness, allergic airway inflammation, and cytokine production. Mothers were tested for allergic airway disease, evidence of dermatitis, cellularity of the draining lymph nodes, and systemic cytokine levels. The role of interleukin-4 was also explored using interleukin-4 deficient mice. Results Offspring of toluene diisocyanate but not dinitrochlorobenzene-treated mothers developed an asthmatic phenotype following allergen sensitization and challenge, seen as increased Penh values, airway inflammation, bronchoalveolar lavage total cell counts and eosinophilia, and Th2 cytokine imbalance in the lung. Toluene diisocyanate treated interleukin-4 deficient mothers were able to transfer asthma risk to offspring. Mothers in both experimental groups developed allergic contact dermatitis, but not allergic airway disease. Conclusion Maternal non-respiratory allergy (Th2-skewed dermatitis caused by toluene diisocyanate) can result in the maternal transmission of asthma risk in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lim
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohamed S Arredouani
- Department of Surgery, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexey Fedulov
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lester Kobzik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cedric Hubeau
- Department of Biology, Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Fedulov AV, Leme A, Yang Z, Dahl M, Lim R, Mariani TJ, Kobzik L. Pulmonary exposure to particles during pregnancy causes increased neonatal asthma susceptibility. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 38:57-67. [PMID: 17656681 PMCID: PMC2176127 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0124oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune responses can promote allergy development in offspring, as shown in a model of increased susceptibility to asthma in babies of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and -challenged mother mice. We investigated whether inflammatory responses to air pollution particles (diesel exhaust particles, DEP) or control "inert" titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles are enhanced during pregnancy and whether exposure to particles can cause increased neonatal susceptibility to asthma. Pregnant BALB/c mice (or nonpregnant controls) received particle suspensions intranasally at Day 14 of pregnancy. Lung inflammatory responses were evaluated 48 hours after exposure. Offspring of particle- or buffer-treated mothers were sensitized and aerosolized with OVA, followed by assays of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and allergic inflammation (AI). Nonpregnant females had the expected minimal response to "inert" TiO(2). In contrast, pregnant mice showed robust and persistent acute inflammation after both TiO(2) and DEP. Genomic profiling identified genes differentially expressed in pregnant lungs exposed to TiO(2). Neonates of mothers exposed to TiO(2) (and DEP, but not PBS) developed AHR and AI, indicating that pregnancy exposure to both "inert" TiO(2) and DEP caused increased asthma susceptibility in offspring. We conclude that (1) pregnancy enhances lung inflammatory responses to otherwise relatively innocuous inert particles; and (2) exposures of nonallergic pregnant females to inert or toxic environmental air particles can cause increased allergic susceptibility in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Fedulov
- Harvard School of Public Health, Dept. of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, 665 Huntington Ave, HSPH-12, Room 1313, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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