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Gallo AL, Soler F, Pellizas C, Vélez ML. Polysaccharide extracts from mycelia of Ganoderma australe: effect on dendritic cell immunomodulation and antioxidant activity. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01444-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kohn EM, Dos Santos Dias L, Dobson HE, He X, Wang H, Klein BS, Wüthrich M. SLAMF1 Is Dispensable for Vaccine-Induced T Cell Development but Required for Resistance to Fungal Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:1417-1423. [PMID: 35217584 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Homotypic signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) receptor-ligand cell surface interactions between myeloid and lymphoid cells regulate innate and adaptive immune responses. In this article, we report that SLAMF1 is indispensable for host resistance to primary and vaccine-induced protection against fungal infection. Because vaccine immunity is dependent on cell-mediated immunity, we investigated the development of Ag-specific T cells. We studied the T cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic role of SLAMF1. We generated SLAMF1-/- TCR transgenic mice and analyzed the responses of adoptively transferred T cells. We also tracked endogenous Ag-specific T cells by using a tetramer. Intrinsic and extrinsic SLAMF1 signaling was dispensable for the development of antifungal Th1 and Th17 cells, which are requisite for the acquisition of vaccine-induced immunity. Despite intact T cell development, vaccinated SLAMF1-/- mice failed to control fungal infection. Failed accumulation of Ag-specific T cells in the lung on infection of vaccinated mice was due to uncontrolled early infection and inflammation, revealing a role for SLAMF1 in innate host immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M Kohn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Lucas Dos Santos Dias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Hannah E Dobson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Huafeng Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Bruce S Klein
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI; and.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Marcel Wüthrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI;
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Nour-Eldine W, Sayyed K, Harhous Z, Dagher-Hamalian C, Mehanna S, Achkouti D, ElKazzaz H, Khnayzer RS, Kobeissy F, Khalil C, Abi-Gerges A. Gasoline fume inhalation induces apoptosis, inflammation, and favors Th2 polarization in C57BL/6 mice. J Appl Toxicol 2022; 42:1178-1191. [PMID: 35001415 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gasoline exposure has been widely reported in the literature as being toxic to human health. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms triggered by its inhalation have not been thoroughly investigated. We herein present a model of sub-chronic, static gasoline vapor inhalation in adult female C57BL/6 mice. Animals were exposed daily to either gasoline vapors (0.86 g/animal/90 minutes) or ambient air for five days/week over seven consecutive weeks. At the end of the study period, toxic and molecular mechanisms, underlying the inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic effects triggered by gasoline vapors, were examined in the lungs and liver of gasoline exposed mice. Static gasoline exposure induced a significant increase (+21 %) in lungs/body weight ratio in gasoline-exposed (GE) versus control (CON) mice along with a pulmonary inflammation attested by histological staining. The latter was consistent with increases in the transcript levels of proinflammatory cytokines [Interleukins (ILs) 4 and 6], respectively by ~ 6-, 4-fold in the lungs of GE mice compared to CON. Interestingly, IL-10 expression was also increased by ~ 10-fold in the lungs of GE mice suggesting an attempt to counterbalance the established inflammation. Moreover, the pulmonary expression of IL-12 and TNF-α was downregulated by 2- and 4-fold, respectively, suggesting the skewing toward Th2 phenotype. Additionally, GE mice showed a significant upregulation in Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspases 3, 8 and 9 with no change in JNK expression in the lungs, suggesting the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Static gasoline exposure over seven consecutive weeks had a minor hepatic portal inflammation attested by H&E staining along with an increase in the hepatic expression of the mitochondrial complexes in GE mice. Therefore, tissue damage biomarkers highlight the health risks associated with vapor exposure and may present potential therapeutic targets for recovery from gasoline intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wared Nour-Eldine
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Katia Sayyed
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Harhous
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Carole Dagher-Hamalian
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Stephanie Mehanna
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Donna Achkouti
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Hanan ElKazzaz
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Rony S Khnayzer
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christian Khalil
- School of Arts and Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Aniella Abi-Gerges
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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Deml L, Hüber CM, Barabas S, Spindler T, Cozzi E, Grossi P. Stimulatory Effect of CMV Immunoglobulin on Innate Immunity and on the Immunogenicity of CMV Antigens. Transplant Direct 2021; 7:e781. [PMID: 34712781 PMCID: PMC8547921 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immunoglobulin (CMVIG) is used for the prophylaxis of CMV infection after transplantation. Beyond providing passive CMV-specific immunity, CMVIG exerts enhancing and suppressive immunomodulatory functions. Although the anti-inflammatory activities of CMVIG have been extensively documented, its immunostimulatory activities remain poorly characterized. Methods. This exploratory study analyzed the capacity of CMVIG to modulate cell-mediated innate and adaptive immunities in vitro on freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of CMV-seropositive and -seronegative healthy individuals, using interferon-γ (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. Results. We showed that CMVIG treatment increases the number of IFN-γ–secreting PBMCs of both CMV-seronegative and -seropositive individuals, indicating a global stimulatory effect on innate immune cells. Indeed, CMVIG significantly increased the frequency of natural killer cells producing the T helper cell 1–type cytokines tumor necrosis factor and IFN-γ. This was associated with the induction of interleukin-12–expressing monocytes and the activation of cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ T cells, as measured by the expression of tumor necrosis factor and IFN-γ. Interestingly, stimulation of PBMCs from CMV-seropositive subjects with CMVIG-opsonized CMV antigens (phosphoprotein 65, CMV lysate) enhanced CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell activation, suggesting that CMVIG promotes the immunogenicity of CMV antigens. Conclusions. Our data demonstrate that CMVIG can stimulate effector cells of both innate and adaptive immunities and promote the immunogenicity of CMV antigens. These immunostimulatory properties might contribute to the protective effect against CMV infection mediated by CMVIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Deml
- Lophius Biosciences GmbH, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Emanuele Cozzi
- Transplant Immunology Unit, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Grossi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria-ASST-Sette Laghi, Varese, Italy
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Active Hexose-Correlated Compound Restores Gene Expression and Protein Secretion of Protective Cytokines of Immune Cells in a Murine Stress Model during Chlamydia muridarum Genital Infection. Infect Immun 2021; 89:IAI.00786-20. [PMID: 33558321 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00786-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection is the most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Previously, we reported that cold-induced stress results in immune suppression of mice that subsequently leads to increased intensity of Chlamydia muridarum genital infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated that stressed mice orally fed with active hexose-correlated compound (AHCC) have reduced shedding of C. muridarum from the genital tract. However, the mechanism of AHCC in reducing the organ load and changing the immune response in the stress model is not well known. This study evaluated infection and changes in immunological parameters of stressed AHCC-fed mice with or without C. muridarum genital infection. We hypothesized that AHCC feeding to stressed mice restores protective immune function and reduces susceptibility to C. muridarum genital infection. The results show that oral feeding of stressed mice with AHCC resulted in decreased shedding of C. muridarum from the genital tract, reduced production of plasma catecholamines, increased expression of T-bet and reduced GATA-3 in CD4+ T cells, increased production of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and reduced production of IL-4 in CD4+ T cells, and enhanced expression of surface markers and costimulatory molecules of CD4+ T cells, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), and natural killer cells. Coculturing of mature BMDCs with splenic CD4+ T cells led to the increased and decreased production of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokines, respectively. Overall, our results show that AHCC fosters the restoration of Th1 cytokine production while reducing Th2 cytokine production, which would promote C. muridarum clearance in the murine stress model.
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Razali N, Hohjoh H, Inazumi T, Maharjan BD, Nakagawa K, Konishi M, Sugimoto Y, Hasegawa H. Induced Prostanoid Synthesis Regulates the Balance between Th1- and Th2-Producing Inflammatory Cytokines in the Thymus of Diet-Restricted Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:649-662. [PMID: 32238706 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple external and internal factors have been reported to induce thymic involution. Involution involves dramatic reduction in size and function of the thymus, leading to various immunodeficiency-related disorders. Therefore, clarifying and manipulating molecular mechanisms governing thymic involution are clinically important, although only a few studies have dealt with this issue. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying thymic involution using a murine acute diet-restriction model. Gene expression analyses indicated that the expression of T helper 1 (Th1)-producing cytokines, namely interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-2, was down-regulated, while that of Th2-producing IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 was up-regulated, suggesting that acute diet-restriction regulates the polarization of naïve T cells to a Th2-like phenotype during thymic involution. mRNAs for prostanoid biosynthetic enzymes were up-regulated by acute diet-restriction. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses detected the increased production of prostanoids, particularly prostaglandin D2 and thromboxane B2, a metabolite of thromboxane A2, in the diet-restricted thymus. Administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, namely aspirin and etodolac, to inhibit prostanoid synthesis suppressed the biased expression of Th1- and Th2-cytokines as well as molecular markers of Th1 and Th2 cells in the diet-restricted thymus, without affecting the reduction of thymus size. In vitro stimulation of thymocytes with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)/ionomycin confirmed the polarization of thymocytes from diet-restricted mice toward Th2 cells. These results indicated that the induced production of prostanoids during diet-restriction-induced thymic involution is involved in the polarization of naïve T cells in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirofumi Hohjoh
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Tomoaki Inazumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Kimie Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | | | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Bailey C, Holland JW, Secombes CJ, Tafalla C. A portrait of the immune response to proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in rainbow trout. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12730. [PMID: 32403171 PMCID: PMC7507176 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proliferative kidney disease (PKD), caused by the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, is one of the most serious parasitic diseases of salmonids in which outbreaks cause severe economic constraints for the aquaculture industry and declines of wild species throughout Europe and North America. Given that rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is one of the most widely farmed freshwater fish and an important model species for fish immunology, most of the knowledge on how the fish immune response is affected during PKD is from this organism. Once rainbow trout are infected, PKD pathogenesis results in a chronic kidney immunopathology mediated by decreasing myeloid cells and increasing lymphocytes. Transcriptional studies have revealed the regulation of essential genes related to T-helper (Th)-like functions and a dysregulated B-cell antibody type response. Recent reports have discovered unique details of teleost B-cell differentiation and functionality and characterized the differential immunoglobulin (Ig)-mediated response. These studies have solidified the rainbow trout T. bryosalmonae system as a sophisticated disease model capable of feeding key advances into mainstream immunology and have contributed essential information to design novel parasite disease prevention strategies. In our following perspective, we summarize these efforts to evaluate the immune mechanisms of rainbow trout during PKD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christyn Bailey
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA‐INIA)MadridSpain
| | - Jason W. Holland
- Aberdeen Oomycete LaboratoryInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Christopher J. Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research CentreInstitute of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA‐INIA)MadridSpain
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8
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Nguyen TG. Harnessing Newton’s third-law paradigm to treat autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammations. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:813-824. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01374-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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9
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Parackova Z, Milota T, Vrabcova P, Smetanova J, Svaton M, Freiberger T, Kanderova V, Sediva A. Novel XIAP mutation causing enhanced spontaneous apoptosis and disturbed NOD2 signalling in a patient with atypical adult-onset Crohn's disease. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:430. [PMID: 32514016 PMCID: PMC7280281 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2652-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is the most potent human inhibitor of apoptosis, and is also involved in NOD2-dependent NFκB and MAPK signalling cascade activation. The absence or defective function of XIAP leads to the development of a rare and severe primary immunodeficiency known as X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2 (XLP-2), which is characterized by a triad of clinical manifestations, including a high incidence of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), lymphoproliferation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually with very early onset. Here, we present a novel XIAP mutation identified in a patient with atypical adult-onset IBD complicated by relapsing HLH, splenomegaly and sarcoid-like disease. The c.266delA mutation in the XIAP gene creates a premature stop codon, and causes a severe reduction in XIAP protein expression. The mutation is also associated with impaired spontaneous and staurosporine- and PMA-induced apoptosis accompanied by significantly increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes. We also confirmed the negative impact of this particular XIAP mutation on NOD2-dependent NFκB and MAPK activation, while NOD2-independent activation was found to be unaffected. Moreover, we assume that the mutation has an impact on the overproduction of IL-12 and IFNγ, the shift towards the Th1 immune response and increased numbers of central memory and effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. All these changes contribute to immune dysregulation and the clinical manifestation of XLP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Parackova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Milota
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Vrabcova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Smetanova
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Svaton
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Freiberger
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Center of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantation, Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kanderova
- CLIP-Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Sediva
- Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, University Hospital in Motol, V Uvalu 84, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Modulation of T helper 1 and T helper 2 immune balance in a murine stress model during Chlamydia muridarum genital infection. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226539. [PMID: 32413046 PMCID: PMC7228091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine model to study the effect of cold-induced stress (CIS) on Chlamydia muridarum genital infection and immune response has been developed in our laboratory. Previous results in the lab show that CIS increases the intensity of chlamydia genital infection, but little is known about the effects and mechanisms of CIS on the differentiation and activities of CD4+ T cell subpopulations and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). The factors that regulate the production of T helper 1 (Th1) or T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines are not well defined. In this study, we examined whether CIS modulates the expressions of beta-adrenergic receptor (β-AR), transcription factors, hallmark cytokines of Th1 and Th2, and differentiation of BMDCs during C. muridarum genital infection in the murine model. Our results show that the mRNA level of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) compared to β1-AR and β3-AR was high in the mixed populations of CD4+ T cells and BMDCs. Furthermore, we observed decreased expression of T-bet, low level of Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production, increased expression of GATA-3, and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) production in CD4+ T cells of stressed mice. Exposure of BMDCs to Fenoterol, β2-AR agonist, or ICI118,551, β2-AR antagonist, revealed significant β2-AR stimulation or inhibition, respectively, in stressed mice. Moreover, co-culturing of mature BMDCs and naïve CD4+ T cells increased the production of IL-4, IL-10, L-17, and IL-23 cytokines, suggesting that stimulation of β2-AR leads to the increased production of Th2 cytokines. Overall, our results show for the first time that CIS promotes the switching from a Th1 to Th2 cytokine environment. This was evidenced in the murine stress model by the overexpression of GATA-3 concurrent with elevated IL-4 production, reduced T-bet expression, and IFN-γ secretion.
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Dey P, Li J, Zhang J, Chaurasiya S, Strom A, Wang H, Liao WT, Cavallaro F, Denz P, Bernard V, Yen EY, Genovese G, Gulhati P, Liu J, Chakravarti D, Deng P, Zhang T, Carbone F, Chang Q, Ying H, Shang X, Spring DJ, Ghosh B, Putluri N, Maitra A, Wang YA, DePinho RA. Oncogenic KRAS-Driven Metabolic Reprogramming in Pancreatic Cancer Cells Utilizes Cytokines from the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:608-625. [PMID: 32046984 PMCID: PMC7125035 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-19-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A hallmark of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an exuberant stroma comprised of diverse cell types that enable or suppress tumor progression. Here, we explored the role of oncogenic KRAS in protumorigenic signaling interactions between cancer cells and host cells. We show that KRAS mutation (KRAS*) drives cell-autonomous expression of type I cytokine receptor complexes (IL2rγ-IL4rα and IL2rγ-IL13rα1) in cancer cells that in turn are capable of receiving cytokine growth signals (IL4 or IL13) provided by invading Th2 cells in the microenvironment. Early neoplastic lesions show close proximity of cancer cells harboring KRAS* and Th2 cells producing IL4 and IL13. Activated IL2rγ-IL4rα and IL2rγ-IL13rα1 receptors signal primarily via JAK1-STAT6. Integrated transcriptomic, chromatin occupancy, and metabolomic studies identified MYC as a direct target of activated STAT6 and that MYC drives glycolysis. Thus, paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in the KRAS*-driven metabolic reprogramming of PDAC. SIGNIFICANCE: Type II cytokines, secreted by Th2 cells in the tumor microenvironment, can stimulate cancer cell-intrinsic MYC transcriptional upregulation to drive glycolysis. This KRAS*-driven heterotypic signaling circuit in the early and advanced tumor microenvironment enables cooperative protumorigenic interactions, providing candidate therapeutic targets in the KRAS* pathway for this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Surendra Chaurasiya
- Center for Nuclear Receptor and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Anders Strom
- Center for Nuclear Receptor and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen-Ting Liao
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Frederick Cavallaro
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Parker Denz
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Vincent Bernard
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Er-Yen Yen
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giannicola Genovese
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pat Gulhati
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jielin Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Deepavali Chakravarti
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pingna Deng
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tingxin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Federica Carbone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Qing Chang
- Center for Nuclear Receptor and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiaoying Shang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Denise J Spring
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bidyut Ghosh
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Y Alan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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12
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) activates NKL homeobox gene HLX in DLBCL. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216898. [PMID: 31141539 PMCID: PMC6541347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NKL homeobox genes encode developmental transcription factors regulating basic processes in cell differentiation. According to their physiological expression pattern in early hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, particular members of this homeobox gene subclass constitute an NKL-code. B-cell specific NKL-code genes generate a regulatory network and their deregulation is implicated in B-cell lymphomagenesis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infects B-cells and influences the activity of signalling pathways including JAK/STAT and several genes encoding developmental regulators. Therefore, EBV-infection impacts the pathogenesis and the outcome of B-cell malignancies including Hodgkin lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we isolated EBV-positive and EBV-negative subclones from the DLBCL derived cell line DOHH-2. These subclones served as models to investigate the role of EBV in deregulation of the B-cell specific NKL-code members HHEX, HLX, MSX1 and NKX6-3. We showed that the EBV-encoded factors LMP1 and LMP2A activated the expression of HLX via STAT3. HLX in turn repressed NKX6-3, SPIB and IL4R which normally mediate plasma cell differentiation. In addition, HLX repressed the pro-apoptotic factor BCL2L11/BIM and hence supported cell survival. Thus, EBV aberrantly activated HLX in DLBCL, thereby disturbing both B-cell differentiation and apoptosis. The results of our study appreciate the pathogenic role of EBV in NKL homeobox gene deregulation and B-cell malignancies.
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Cho J, Kim S, Yang DH, Lee J, Park KW, Go J, Hyun CL, Jee Y, Kang KS. Mucosal Immunity Related to FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells, Th17 Cells and Cytokines in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e336. [PMID: 30584414 PMCID: PMC6300656 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate mucosal immunity related to forkhead box P3 (FOXP3+) regulatory T (Treg) cells, T helper 17 (Th17) cells and cytokines in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS Mucosal tissues from terminal ileum and colon and serum samples were collected from twelve children with IBD and seven control children. Immunohistochemical staining was done using anti-human FOXP3 and anti-RORγt antibodies. Serum levels of cytokines were analyzed using a multiplex assay covering interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A/F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-25, IL-31, IL-33, interferon (IFN)-γ, soluble CD40L, and tumor necrosis factor-α. RESULTS FOXP3+ Treg cells in the lamina propria (LP) of terminal ileum of patients with Crohn's disease were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in the healthy controls. RORγt+ T cells of terminal ileum tended to be higher in Crohn's disease than those in the control. In the multiplex assay, serum concentrations (pg/mL) of IL-4 (9.6 ± 1.5 vs. 12.7 ± 3.0), IL-21 (14.9 ± 1.5 vs. 26.4 ± 9.1), IL-33 (14.3 ± 0.9 vs. 19.1 ± 5.3), and IFN-γ (15.2 ± 5.9 vs. 50.2 ± 42.4) were significantly lower in Crohn's disease than those in the control group. However, serum concentration of IL-6 (119.1 ± 79.6 vs. 52.9 ± 39.1) was higher in Crohn's disease than that in the control. Serum concentrations of IL-17A (64.2 ± 17.2 vs. 28.3 ± 10.0) and IL-22 (37.5 ± 8.8 vs. 27.2 ± 3.7) were significantly higher in ulcerative colitis than those in Crohn's disease. CONCLUSION Mucosal immunity analysis showed increased FOXP3+ T reg cells in the LP with Crohn's disease while Th17 cell polarizing and signature cytokines were decreased in the serum samples of Crohn's disease but increased in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Cho
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sorina Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Da Hee Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Kyeong Won Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Junyong Go
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Chang-Lim Hyun
- Department of Pathology, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Youngheun Jee
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ki Soo Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Purushothaman B, Arumugam P, Song JM. A Novel Catecholopyrimidine Based Small Molecule PDE4B Inhibitor Suppresses Inflammatory Cytokines in Atopic Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:485. [PMID: 29867490 PMCID: PMC5958743 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Degradation of cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (cAMP) by phosphodiesterase-4B (PDE-4B) in the inflammatory cells leads to elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory cells. Suppression of cytokines has proved to be beneficial in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Henceforth, application of PDE4B specific inhibitor to minimize the degradation of cAMP can yield better results in the treatment of AD. PDE4B specific inhibitor with a limited side effect is highly warranted. Herein, we synthesized a novel PDE4 inhibitor, compound 2 comprising catecholopyrimidine core functionalized with trifluoromethyl (-CF3) group. PDE4B inhibitory potential and specificity of novel compounds were evaluated by PDE inhibitor assay. In vivo efficacy of the compounds was analyzed using DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice. IgE, CD4+ T-helper cell infiltration, and cytokine profiles were analyzed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry techniques. Toluidine blue staining was performed for mast cell count. PDE4 inhibitor assay confirmed that compound 2 specifically inhibits PDE4B. In vivo analysis with DNCB-induced NC/Nga mice confirmed that compound 2 suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-17. Furthermore, compound 2 significantly reduced the infiltrative CD4+ T-helper cells, mast cells and IgE levels in atopic tissue. The in vitro and in vivo data suggested that compound 2 specifically inhibit the PDE4B and the symptoms of the AD in atopic mice. Compound 2 might constitute a good candidate molecule for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joon Myong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Lyons JJ, Liu Y, Ma CA, Yu X, O'Connell MP, Lawrence MG, Zhang Y, Karpe K, Zhao M, Siegel AM, Stone KD, Nelson C, Jones N, DiMaggio T, Darnell DN, Mendoza-Caamal E, Orozco L, Hughes JD, McElwee J, Hohman RJ, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Rothenberg ME, Freeman AF, Holland SM, Milner JD. ERBIN deficiency links STAT3 and TGF-β pathway defects with atopy in humans. J Exp Med 2017; 214:669-680. [PMID: 28126831 PMCID: PMC5339676 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonimmunological connective tissue phenotypes in humans are common among some congenital and acquired allergic diseases. Several of these congenital disorders have been associated with either increased TGF-β activity or impaired STAT3 activation, suggesting that these pathways might intersect and that their disruption may contribute to atopy. In this study, we show that STAT3 negatively regulates TGF-β signaling via ERBB2-interacting protein (ERBIN), a SMAD anchor for receptor activation and SMAD2/3 binding protein. Individuals with dominant-negative STAT3 mutations (STAT3mut ) or a loss-of-function mutation in ERBB2IP (ERBB2IPmut ) have evidence of deregulated TGF-β signaling with increased regulatory T cells and total FOXP3 expression. These naturally occurring mutations, recapitulated in vitro, impair STAT3-ERBIN-SMAD2/3 complex formation and fail to constrain nuclear pSMAD2/3 in response to TGF-β. In turn, cell-intrinsic deregulation of TGF-β signaling is associated with increased functional IL-4Rα expression on naive lymphocytes and can induce expression and activation of the IL-4/IL-4Rα/GATA3 axis in vitro. These findings link increased TGF-β pathway activation in ERBB2IPmut and STAT3mut patient lymphocytes with increased T helper type 2 cytokine expression and elevated IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Lyons
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Y Liu
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - C A Ma
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - X Yu
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M P O'Connell
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M G Lawrence
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Y Zhang
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - K Karpe
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M Zhao
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - A M Siegel
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - K D Stone
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - C Nelson
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - N Jones
- Clinical Research Directorate/CRMP, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - T DiMaggio
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - D N Darnell
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - E Mendoza-Caamal
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L Orozco
- National Institute of Genomic Medicine, 14610 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J D Hughes
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA 02115
| | - J McElwee
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA 02115
| | - R J Hohman
- Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - P A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Food Allergy Research Unit, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - M E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - A F Freeman
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - S M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - J D Milner
- Genetics and Pathogenesis of Allergy Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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16
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Li K, Baird M, Yang J, Jackson C, Ronchese F, Young S. Conditions for the generation of cytotoxic CD4(+) Th cells that enhance CD8(+) CTL-mediated tumor regression. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e95. [PMID: 27588200 PMCID: PMC5007627 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) using tumor-reactive T cells have shown clinical benefit and potential for cancer treatment. While the majority of the current ACT are focused on using CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), others have shown that the presence of tumor-reactive CD4+ T helper (Th) cells can greatly enhance the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ CTL. However, difficulties in obtaining adequate numbers of CD4+ Th cells through in vitro expansion can limit the application of CD4 Th cells in ACT. This study aims to optimize the culture conditions for mouse CD4 T cells to provide basic information for animal studies of ACT using CD4 T cells. Taking advantage of the antigen-specificity of CD4+ Th cells from OT-II transgenic mice, we examined different methodologies for generating antigen-specific CD4+ Th1 cells in vitro. We found that cells grown in complete advanced-DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with low-dose IL-2 and IL-7 induced substantial cell expansion. These Th cells were Th1-like, as they expressed multiple Th1-cytokines and exhibited antigen-specific cytotoxicity. In addition co-transfer of these CD4+ Th1-like cells with CD8+ CTL significantly enhanced tumor regression, leading to complete cure in 80% of mice bearing established B16-OVA. These observations indicate that the CD4+ Th1-like cells generated using the method we optimized are functionally active to eliminate their target cells, and can also assist CD8+ CTL to enhance tumor regression. The findings of this study provide valuable data for further research into in vitro expansion of CD4+ Th1-like cells, with potential applications to cancer treatment involving ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Li
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Margaret Baird
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jianping Yang
- Malaghan Institute of Research , Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chris Jackson
- Departmemt of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Sarah Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago , Dunedin, New Zealand
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17
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Christie D, Zhu J. Transcriptional regulatory networks for CD4 T cell differentiation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 381:125-72. [PMID: 24839135 DOI: 10.1007/82_2014_372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells play a central role in controlling the adaptive immune response by secreting cytokines to activate target cells. Naïve CD4(+) T cells differentiate into at least four subsets, Th1Th1 , Th2Th2 , Th17Th17 , and inducible regulatory T cellsregulatory T cells , each with unique functions for pathogen elimination. The differentiation of these subsets is induced in response to cytokine stimulation, which is translated into Stat activation, followed by induction of master regulator transcription factorstranscription factors . In addition to these factors, multiple other transcription factors, both subset specific and shared, are also involved in promoting subset differentiation. This review will focus on the network of transcription factors that control CD4(+) T cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darah Christie
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Unit, Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA,
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18
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Shey MS, Garrett NJ, McKinnon LR, Passmore JAS. The role of dendritic cells in driving genital tract inflammation and HIV transmission risk: are there opportunities to intervene? Innate Immun 2015; 21:99-112. [PMID: 24282122 PMCID: PMC4033703 DOI: 10.1177/1753425913513815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective prevention of new HIV infections will require an understanding of the mechanisms involved in HIV acquisition. HIV transmission across the female genital tract is the major mode of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa and involves complex processes, including cell activation, inflammation and recruitment of HIV target cells. Activated CD4(+) T-cells, dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages have been described as targets for HIV at the genital mucosa. Activation of these cells may occur in the presence of sexually-transmitted infections, disturbances of commensal flora and other inflammatory processes. In this review, we discuss causes and consequences of inflammation in the female genital tract, with a focus on DC. We describe the central role these cells may play in facilitating or preventing HIV transmission across the genital mucosa, and in the initial recognition of HIV and other pathogens, allowing activation of an adaptive immune response to infection. We discuss studies that investigate interventions to limit DC activation, inflammation and HIV transmission. This knowledge is essential in the development of novel strategies for effective HIV control, including microbicides and pre-exposure prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jo-Ann S Passmore
- CAPRISA, Durban, South Africa Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Kim JJ, Nam JP, Nah JW, Jang MK, Yee ST. Immunoadjuvant Efficacy of N-Carboxymethyl Chitosan for Vaccination via Dendritic Cell Activation. J Med Food 2014; 17:268-77. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2013.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Jin Kim
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Joung-Pyo Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Jang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Biology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
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20
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Zeng WP. 'All things considered': transcriptional regulation of T helper type 2 cell differentiation from precursor to effector activation. Immunology 2013; 140:31-8. [PMID: 23668241 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T helper type 2 (Th2) cells are critical to host defence against helminth infection and the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. The differentiation of Th2 cells from naive CD4 T cells is controlled by intricate transcriptional mechanisms. At the precursor stage of naive CD4 T cells, transcriptional mechanisms maintain the potential and in the meantime prevent spontaneous differentiation to Th2 fate. In addition, intrachromosomal interactions important for co-ordinated expression of Th2 cytokines pre-exist in naive CD4 T cells. Upon T-cell receptor (TCR) engagement, naive CD4 T cells are induced by polarizing signals of the interleukin-4/Stat6 and Jagged/Notch pathways to up-regulate the expression of GATA-3. Once up-regulated, GATA-3 drives Th2 and suppresses Th1 differentiation in a cell autonomous fashion. In this stage of differentiation, the Th2 cytokine locus, as well as the interferon-γ locus, undergoes chromatin remodelling and epigenetic modifications that contribute to the somatic memory of Th2 cytokine gene expression pattern. Once differentiated, Th2 effector cells promptly produce Th2 cytokines upon TCR stimulation, which is regulated by concerted actions of GATA-3, TCR signalling, enhancers and the Th2 locus control region. This review provides a detailed account of the transcriptional regulatory events at these different stages of Th2 differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-ping Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA.
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21
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Shotorbani SS, He Z, Yang H, Sun Q, Xu Y, Su Z, Xue Y, Zheng D, Zhang Y, Wang S, Shao Q, Lu L, Xu H. Over-expression of Hlx homeobox gene in DC2.4 dendritic cell enhances its maturation and antigen presentation. Cell Immunol 2012; 275:61-8. [PMID: 22483852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hlx as a Th1-specific transcription factor, it appears to drive maturation of Th1 and IFN-γ secretion in cooperation with T-bet. In this study, we established a stable Hlx-over-expressed dendritic cell line (DC2.4/Hlx), and investigated the possible effect of Hlx gene on maturation of dendritic cell-line (DC2.4). Results shown that over-expressed Hlx in DC2.4 up-regulated the transcription and expression of IFN-γ, increased the expression of maturation makers including CD40, CD80, CD86, MHC-I and MHC-II. Functional assay for DC2.4/Hlx showed that over-expressed Hlx increased the expression level of interleukin-12 in the supernatant and decreased DC endocytosis when cells were incubated in vitro. Furthermore, using a syngeneic T cell activation model, we found that DC2.4/Hlx could obviously present ovalbumin (OVA) antigen to T cell in OVA pre-immunized mice.
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22
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Morita M, Watanabe M, Inoue N, Inaoka C, Akamizu T, Tatsumi KI, Hidaka Y, Iwatani Y. Functional polymorphisms inTBX21andHLXare associated with development and prognosis of Graves' disease. Autoimmunity 2011; 45:129-36. [DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2011.622013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Zeng WP, Sollars VE, Belalcazar ADP. Domain requirements for the diverse immune regulatory functions of foxp3. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:1932-9. [PMID: 21737139 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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The VEGF-regulated transcription factor HLX controls the expression of guidance cues and negatively regulates sprouting of endothelial cells. Blood 2011; 117:2735-44. [PMID: 21224470 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-293209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The HLX gene encoding a diverged homeobox transcription factor has been found to be up-regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in endothelial cells. We have now investigated the gene repertoire induced by HLX and its potential biologic function. HLX strongly increased the transcripts for several repulsive cell-guidance proteins including UNC5B, plexin-A1, and semaphorin-3G. In addition, genes for transcriptional repressors such as HES-1 were up-regulated. In line with these findings, adenoviral overexpression of HLX inhibited endothelial cell migration, sprouting, and vessel formation in vitro and in vivo, whereas proliferation was unaffected. This inhibition of sprouting was caused to a significant part by HLX-mediated up-regulation of UNC5B as shown by short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated down-modulation of the respective mRNA. VEGF-A stimulation of endothelial cells induced elevated levels of HLX over longer time periods resulting in especially high up-regulation of UNC5B mRNA as well as an increase in cells displaying UNC5B at their surface. However, induction of HLX was strongly reduced and UNC5B up-regulation completely abrogated when cells were exposed to hypoxic conditions. These data suggest that HLX may function to balance attractive with repulsive vessel guidance by up-regulating UNC5B and to down-modulate sprouting under normoxic conditions.
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Zeng WP, Chang C, Lai JJ. Immune Suppressive Activity and Lack of T Helper Differentiation Are Differentially Regulated in Natural Regulatory T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:3583-90. [PMID: 19710452 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-ping Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA.
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Janson PCJ, Winerdal ME, Winqvist O. At the crossroads of T helper lineage commitment-Epigenetics points the way. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2008; 1790:906-19. [PMID: 19162128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 12/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune system has the capacity to respond to various types of pathogens including bacteria, viruses, tumors and parasites. This requires a flexible immune system, which in part depends on the development of alternative effector T helper cells, with different cytokine repertoires that direct the overall immune response. The reciprocal effects of the T helper subtypes Th1 and Th2 are well documented, but the mechanisms involved in alternative cytokine expression and silencing are less well defined. Introduction of advances within the field of chromatin folding and epigenetic regulation of transcription has begun to explain some of the fundamental principles of T helper cell development. In addition, epigenetic regulation has proven essential also for the more recently discovered T helper cell subtypes; regulatory T cells and the Th17 lineage. As the importance of proper epigenetic regulation becomes evident, attention is also focused on the potential harmfulness of epigenetic dysregulation. Autoimmunity and allergy are two clinical situations that have been implicated as results of imperfect cytokine silencing. This review will address recent advances in the field of epigenetic regulation of T lymphocytes and their maturation from naive cells into different effector T cell lineages. In particular, epigenetic involvement in regulation of key effector cytokines and specific transcription factors determining the CD4(+) T lymphocyte lineage commitment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C J Janson
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Suttner K, Ruoss I, Rosenstiel P, Depner M, Pinto LA, Schedel M, Adamski J, Illig T, Schreiber S, von Mutius E, Kabesch M. HLX1 gene variants influence the development of childhood asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 123:82-88.e6. [PMID: 19038437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major transcription factors controlling T(H)1 and T(H)2 development, such as T-box transcription factor and GATA3, might be centrally involved in asthma and atopic diseases. Only recently, the homeobox transcription factor H.20-like homeobox 1 (HLX1), interacting closely with T-box transcription factor, has been identified as an important regulator of T(H)1 differentiation and suppressor of T(H)2 commitment. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether genetic variations in the HLX1 gene exist and whether these could affect the development of childhood asthma. METHODS The HLX1 gene was resequenced in 80 chromosomes. Associations between identified polymorphisms, asthma, and atopic diseases were investigated in German children (total n = 3099) from the cross-sectional International Study of Asthma and Allergy in Childhood phase II. Functional properties of polymorphisms were studied by using luciferase reporter gene assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assays in T cells. All statistical analyses were performed with SAS/Genetics software (SAS Institute, Inc, Cary, NC). RESULTS Nineteen polymorphisms were identified in the HLX1 gene, and 2 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms representing 7 polymorphisms were associated with childhood asthma in our study population. Two promoter polymorphisms, C-1407T and C-742G, contained in 1 tagging block were associated with asthma (odds ratio, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.11-1.86; P = .0061), significantly decrease promoter transactivation, and disrupt specificity protein-transcription factor binding in in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that polymorphisms in the HLX1 gene increase the risk for childhood asthma. On the cellular level, altered binding of specificity protein-transcription factors to the HLX1 promoter and subsequent changes in HLX1 gene expression might contribute to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Suttner
- University Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Zhao X, Zheng B, Huang Y, Yang D, Katzman S, Chang C, Fowell D, Zeng WP. Interaction between GATA-3 and the transcriptional coregulator Pias1 is important for the regulation of Th2 immune responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 179:8297-304. [PMID: 18056374 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.12.8297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Th2 cytokine expression is dependent on the transcription factor GATA-3. However, the molecular interactions of GATA-3 leading to Th2 cytokine gene activation have not been well characterized. Here, we reported a number of GATA-3 associated proteins in Th2 cells, and one of such proteins Pias1 functioned as a positive transcriptional coregulator for GATA-3. When overexpressed in Th2 cells, Pias1 enhanced the expression of IL-13, and to lesser degrees, IL-4 and -5. Conversely, Pias1 siRNA down-regulated the Th2 cytokine expression. In Leishmania major infection, manipulating Pias1 expression in parasite-reactive CD4 T cells altered severity of disease caused by Th2 responses. Mechanistically, Pias1 markedly potentiated GATA-3-mediated activation of the IL-13 promoter by facilitating the recruitment of GATA-3 to the promoter. In contrast, IL-5 promoter was modestly enhanced by Pias1 and no effect was observed on IL-4 promoter. Thus, both promoter activation and additional mechanisms are responsible for regulation by Pias1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Zhao
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Aab Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY 14642, USA
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Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is crucial for immunity against intracellular pathogens and for tumor control. However, aberrant IFN-gamma expression has been associated with a number of autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This cytokine is produced predominantly by natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells as part of the innate immune response, and by Th1 CD4 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops. Herein, we briefly review the functions of IFN-gamma, the cells that produce it, the cell extrinsic signals that induce its production and influence the differentiation of naïve T cells into IFN-gamma-producing effector T cells, and the signaling pathways and transcription factors that facilitate, induce, or repress production of this cytokine. We then review and discuss recent insights regarding the molecular regulation of IFN-gamma, focusing on work that has led to the identification and characterization of distal regulatory elements and epigenetic modifications with the IFN-gamma locus (Ifng) that govern its expression. The epigenetic modifications and three-dimensional structure of the Ifng locus in naive CD4 T cells, and the modifications they undergo as these cells differentiate into effector T cells, suggest a model whereby the chromatin architecture of Ifng is poised to facilitate either rapid opening or silencing during Th1 or Th2 differentiation, respectively.
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Hamalainen-Laanaya HK, Kobie JJ, Chang C, Zeng WP. Temporal and Spatial Changes of Histone 3 K4 Dimethylation at the IFN-γ Gene during Th1 and Th2 Cell Differentiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:6410-5. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Fang R, Ismail N, Soong L, Popov VL, Whitworth T, Bouyer DH, Walker DH. Differential interaction of dendritic cells with Rickettsia conorii: impact on host susceptibility to murine spotted fever rickettsiosis. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3112-23. [PMID: 17403875 PMCID: PMC1932850 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00007-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spotted fever group rickettsioses are emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, some of which are life-threatening. In order to understand how dendritic cells (DCs) contribute to the host resistance or susceptibility to rickettsial diseases, we first characterized the in vitro interaction of rickettsiae with bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) from resistant C57BL/6 (B6) and susceptible C3H/HeN (C3H) mice. In contrast to the exclusively cytosolic localization within endothelial cells, rickettsiae efficiently entered and localized in both phagosomes and cytosol of BMDCs from both mouse strains. Rickettsia conorii-infected BMDCs from resistant mice harbored higher bacterial loads compared to C3H mice. R. conorii infection induced maturation of BMDCs from both mouse strains as judged by upregulated expression of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and costimulatory molecules. Compared to C3H counterparts, B6 BMDCs exhibited higher expression levels of MHC class II and higher interleukin-12 (IL-12) p40 production upon rickettsial infection and were more potent in priming naïve CD4(+) T cells to produce gamma interferon. In vitro DC infection and T-cell priming studies suggested a delayed CD4(+) T-cell activation and suppressed Th1/Th2 cell development in C3H mice. The suppressive CD4(+) T-cell responses seen in C3H mice were associated with a high frequency of Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells promoted by syngeneic R. conorii-infected BMDCs in the presence of IL-2. These data suggest that rickettsiae can target DCs to stimulate a protective type 1 response in resistant hosts but suppressive adaptive immunity in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fang
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
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Becknell B, Hughes TL, Freud AG, Blaser BW, Yu J, Trotta R, Mao HC, Caligiuri de Jesús ML, Alghothani M, Benson DM, Lehman A, Jarjoura D, Perrotti D, Bates MD, Caligiuri MA. Hlx homeobox transcription factor negatively regulates interferon-gamma production in monokine-activated natural killer cells. Blood 2006; 109:2481-7. [PMID: 17110450 PMCID: PMC1852195 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-10-050096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells contribute to host immunity, including tumor surveillance, through the production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Although there is some knowledge about molecular mechanisms that induce IFN-gamma in NK cells, considerably less is known about the mechanisms that reduce its expression. Here, we investigate the role of the Hlx transcription factor in IFN-gamma production by NK cells. Hlx expression is induced in monokine-activated NK cells, but with delayed kinetics compared to IFN-gamma. Ectopic Hlx expression decreases IFN-gamma synthesis in primary human NK cells and IFN-gamma promoter activity in an NK-like cell line. Hlx protein levels inversely correlate with those of STAT4, a requisite factor for optimal IFN-gamma transcription. Mechanistically, we provide evidence indicating that Hlx overexpression accelerates dephosphorylation and proteasome-dependent degradation of the active Y693-phosphorylated form of STAT4. Thus, Hlx expression in activated NK cells temporally controls and limits the monokine-induced production of IFN-gamma, in part through the targeted depletion of STAT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Becknell
- Medical Scientist Program, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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