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Li M, Zhao X. LILRB4 in acute myeloid leukemia: From prognostic biomarker to immunotherapeutic target. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024:00029330-990000000-01138. [PMID: 38973293 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000003195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) B4 (also known as ILT3/CD85k) is an immune checkpoint protein that is highly expressed in solid tumors and hematological malignancies and plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of cancer. LILRB4 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and this phenotype is associated with adverse patient outcomes. Its differential expression in tumors compared to normal tissues, its presence in tumor stem cells, and its multifaceted roles in tumorigenesis position it as a promising therapeutic target in AML. Currently, several immunotherapies targeting LILRB4 are undergoing clinical trials. This review summarizes advancements made in the study of LILRB4 in AML, focusing on its structure, ligands, expression, and significance in normal tissues and AML; its protumorigenic effects and mechanisms in AML; and the application of LILRB4-targeted therapies in AML. These insights highlight the potential advantages of LILRB4 as an immunotherapeutic target in the context of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Li
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing 100044, China
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Wang H, Wang L, Luan H, Xiao J, Zhao Z, Yu P, Deng M, Liu Y, Ji S, Ma J, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Meng X, Zhang J, Zhao X, Li C, Li F, Wang D, Wei S, Hui L, Nie S, Jin C, An Z, Zhang N, Wang Y, Zhang CC, Li Z. LILRB4 on multiple myeloma cells promotes bone lesion by p-SHP2/NF-κB/RELT signal pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:183. [PMID: 38951916 PMCID: PMC11218313 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03110-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukocyte Ig-like receptor B family 4 (LILRB4) as an immune checkpoint on myeloid cells is a potential target for tumor therapy. Extensive osteolytic bone lesion is the most characteristic feature of multiple myeloma. It is unclear whether ectopic LILRB4 on multiple myeloma regulates bone lesion. METHODS The conditioned medium (CM) from LILRB4-WT and -KO cells was used to analyze the effects of LILRB4 on osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Xenograft, syngeneic and patient derived xenograft models were constructed, and micro-CT, H&E staining were used to observe the bone lesion. RNA-seq, cytokine array, qPCR, the activity of luciferase, Co-IP and western blotting were used to clarify the mechanism by which LILRB4 mediated bone damage in multiple myeloma. RESULTS We comprehensively analyzed the expression of LILRB4 in various tumor tissue arrays, and found that LILRB4 was highly expressed in multiple myeloma samples. The patient's imaging data showed that the higher the expression level of LILRB4, the more serious the bone lesion in patients with multiple myeloma. The conditioned medium from LILRB4-WT not -KO cells could significantly promote the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts. Xenograft, syngeneic and patient derived xenograft models furtherly confirmed that LILRB4 could mediate bone lesion of multiple myeloma. Next, cytokine array was performed to identify the differentially expressed cytokines, and RELT was identified and regulated by LILRB4. The overexpression or exogenous RELT could regenerate the bone damage in LILRB4-KO cells in vitro and in vivo. The deletion of LILRB4, anti-LILRB4 alone or in combination with bortezomib could significantly delay the progression of bone lesion of multiple myeloma. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that LILRB4 promoted the bone lesion by promoting the differentiation and mature of osteoclasts through secreting RELT, and blocking LILRB4 singling pathway could inhibit the bone lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Huiwen Luan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiling Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Yu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Peking University International Cancer Institute, Peking University, CN 38 Xueyuan Rd. Haidian Dis., Beijing, 100191, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Shuhao Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, 264009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinalstrointestinal Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Jiashen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P.R. China
| | - Xianhui Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Chunling Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Fangmin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, 233000, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Wei
- R&D Center, Luye Pharma Group, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Hui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Siman Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Changzhu Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yaopeng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, Shandong, 266011, P.R. China.
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
| | - Zunling Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong Tumour Immunotherapy Research Innovation Team, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, P.R. China.
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Xiang Z, Yin X, Wei L, Peng M, Zhu Q, Lu X, Guo J, Zhang J, Li X, Zou Y. LILRB4 Checkpoint for Immunotherapy: Structure, Mechanism and Disease Targets. Biomolecules 2024; 14:187. [PMID: 38397424 PMCID: PMC10887124 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
LILRB4, a myeloid inhibitory receptor belonging to the family of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs/LIRs), plays a pivotal role in the regulation of immune tolerance. LILRB4 primarily mediates suppressive immune responses by transmitting inhibitory signals through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). This immune checkpoint molecule has gained considerable attention due to its potent regulatory functions. Its ability to induce effector T cell dysfunction and promote T suppressor cell differentiation has been demonstrated, indicating the therapeutic potential of LILRB4 for modulating excessive immune responses, particularly in autoimmune diseases or the induction of transplant tolerance. Additionally, through intervening with LILRB4 molecules, immune system responsiveness can be adjusted, representing significant value in areas such as cancer treatment. Thus, LILRB4 has emerged as a key player in addressing autoimmune diseases, transplant tolerance induction, and other medical issues. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of LILRB4, encompassing its structure, expression, and ligand molecules as well as its role as a tolerance receptor. By exploring the involvement of LILRB4 in various diseases, its significance in disease progression is emphasized. Furthermore, we propose that the manipulation of LILRB4 represents a promising immunotherapeutic strategy and highlight its potential in disease prevention, treatment and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yizhou Zou
- Department of Immunology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (Z.X.); (X.Y.); (L.W.); (M.P.); (Q.Z.); (X.L.); (J.G.); (J.Z.); (X.L.)
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Redondo-García S, Barritt C, Papagregoriou C, Yeboah M, Frendeus B, Cragg MS, Roghanian A. Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1282874. [PMID: 38022598 PMCID: PMC10679719 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1282874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leukocyte immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 innate immunomodulatory receptors, primarily expressed on lymphoid and myeloid cells. LILRs are either activating (LILRA) or inhibitory (LILRB) depending on their associated signalling domains (D). With the exception of the soluble LILRA3, LILRAs mediate immune activation, while LILRB1-5 primarily inhibit immune responses and mediate tolerance. Abnormal expression and function of LILRs is associated with a range of pathologies, including immune insufficiency (infection and malignancy) and overt immune responses (autoimmunity and alloresponses), suggesting LILRs may be excellent candidates for targeted immunotherapies. This review will discuss the biology and clinical relevance of this extensive family of immune receptors and will summarise the recent developments in targeting LILRs in disease settings, such as cancer, with an update on the clinical trials investigating the therapeutic targeting of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Redondo-García
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Barritt
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Lister Department of General Surgery, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Charys Papagregoriou
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Muchaala Yeboah
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Björn Frendeus
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- BioInvent International AB, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mark S. Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B4 (LILRB4) is an inhibitory receptor in the LILR family mainly expressed on normal and malignant human cells of myeloid origin. By binding to ligands, LILRB4 is activated and subsequently recruits adaptors to cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibitory motifs to initiate different signaling cascades, thus playing an important role in physiological and pathological conditions, including autoimmune diseases, microbial infections, and cancers. In normal myeloid cells, LILRB4 regulates intrinsic cell activation and differentiation. In disease-associated or malignant myeloid cells, LILRB4 is significantly correlated with disease severity or patient survival and suppresses T cells, thereby participating in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In summary, LILRB4 functions as an immune checkpoint on myeloid cells and may be a promising therapeutic target for various human immune diseases, especially for cancer immunotherapy.
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Shibru B, Fey K, Fricke S, Blaudszun AR, Fürst F, Weise M, Seiffert S, Weyh MK, Köhl U, Sack U, Boldt A. Detection of Immune Checkpoint Receptors - A Current Challenge in Clinical Flow Cytometry. Front Immunol 2021; 12:694055. [PMID: 34276685 PMCID: PMC8281132 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.694055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological therapy principles are increasingly determining modern medicine. They are used to treat diseases of the immune system, for tumors, but also for infections, neurological diseases, and many others. Most of these therapies base on antibodies, but small molecules, soluble receptors or cells and modified cells are also used. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors is amazingly fast. T-cell directed antibody therapies against PD-1 or CTLA-4 are already firmly established in the clinic. Further targets are constantly being added and it is becoming increasingly clear that their expression is not only relevant on T cells. Furthermore, we do not yet have any experience with the long-term systemic effects of the treatment. Flow cytometry can be used for diagnosis, monitoring, and detection of side effects. In this review, we focus on checkpoint molecules as target molecules and functional markers of cells of the innate and acquired immune system. However, for most of the interesting and potentially relevant parameters, there are still no test kits suitable for routine use. Here we give an overview of the detection of checkpoint molecules on immune cells in the peripheral blood and show examples of a possible design of antibody panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Shibru
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katharina Fey
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Fricke
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Friederike Fürst
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Weise
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Seiffert
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maria Katharina Weyh
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Köhl
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Sack
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Boldt
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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7
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Su MT, Inui M, Wong YL, Takahashi M, Sugahara-Tobinai A, Ono K, Miyamoto S, Murakami K, Itoh-Nakadai A, Kezuka D, Itoi S, Endo S, Hirayasu K, Arase H, Takai T. Blockade of checkpoint ILT3/LILRB4/gp49B binding to fibronectin ameliorates autoimmune disease in BXSB/Yaa mice. Int Immunol 2021; 33:447-458. [PMID: 34089617 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the basis for virtually all cellular processes and is also related to tumor metastasis. Fibronectin (FN), a major ECM macromolecule expressed by different cell types and also present in plasma, consists of multiple functional modules that bind to ECM-associated, plasma, and cell-surface proteins such as integrins and FN itself, thus ensuring its cell-adhesive and modulatory role. Here we show that FN constitutes an immune checkpoint. Thus, FN was identified as a physiological ligand for a tumor/leukemia/lymphoma- as well as autoimmune-associated checkpoint, ILT3/LILRB4 (B4, CD85k). Human B4 and the murine ortholog, gp49B, bound FN with sub-micromolar affinities as assessed by bio-layer interferometry. The major B4-binding site in FN was located at the N-terminal 30-kDa module (FN30), which is apart from the major integrin-binding site present at the middle of the molecule. Blockade of B4-FN binding such as with B4 antibodies or a recombinant FN30-Fc fusion protein paradoxically ameliorated autoimmune disease in lupus-prone BXSB/Yaa mice. The unexpected nature of the B4-FN checkpoint in autoimmunity is discussed, referring to its potential role in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Tzu Su
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanori Inui
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yi Li Wong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Maika Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Sugahara-Tobinai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Karin Ono
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shotaro Miyamoto
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiichi Murakami
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ari Itoh-Nakadai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Dai Kezuka
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - So Itoi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shota Endo
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kouyuki Hirayasu
- Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences Research Center, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.,Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Michelini S, Barbero F, Prinelli A, Steiner P, Weiss R, Verwanger T, Andosch A, Lütz-Meindl U, Puntes VF, Drobne D, Duschl A, Horejs-Hoeck J. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) impair LPS-driven immune responses by promoting a tolerogenic-like dendritic cell phenotype with altered endosomal structures. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7648-7666. [PMID: 33928963 PMCID: PMC8087175 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr09153g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) shape immune responses by influencing T-cell activation. Thus, they are considered both an interesting model for studying nano-immune interactions and a promising target for nano-based biomedical applications. However, the accentuated ability of nanoparticles (NPs) to interact with biomolecules may have an impact on DC function that poses an unexpected risk of unbalanced immune reactions. Here, we investigated the potential effects of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on DC function and the consequences for effector and memory T-cell responses in the presence of the microbial inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Overall, we found that, in the absence of LPS, none of the tested NPs induced a DC response. However, whereas 4-, 8-, and 11 nm AuNPs did not modulate LPS-dependent immune responses, 26 nm AuNPs shifted the phenotype of LPS-activated DCs toward a tolerogenic state, characterized by downregulation of CD86, IL-12 and IL-27, upregulation of ILT3, and induction of class E compartments. Moreover, this DC phenotype was less proficient in promoting Th1 activation and central memory T-cell proliferation. Taken together, these findings support the perception that AuNPs are safe under homeostatic conditions; however, particular care should be taken in patients experiencing a current infection or disorders of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Michelini
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Insitut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | | | - Philip Steiner
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Richard Weiss
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Thomas Verwanger
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ancuela Andosch
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Ursula Lütz-Meindl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Victor F Puntes
- Insitut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Str. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
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Deng M, Chen H, Liu X, Huang R, He Y, Yoo B, Xie J, John S, Zhang N, An Z, Zhang CC. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B: therapeutic targets in cancer. Antib Ther 2021; 4:16-33. [PMID: 33928233 PMCID: PMC7944505 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbab002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1–5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs that recruit phosphatases to negatively regulate immune activation. The activation of LILRB signaling in immune cells may contribute to immune evasion. In addition, the expression and signaling of LILRBs in cancer cells especially in certain hematologic malignant cells directly support cancer development. Certain LILRBs thus have dual roles in cancer biology—as immune checkpoint molecules and tumor-supporting factors. Here, we review the expression, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRBs, as well as therapeutic development targeting them. LILRBs may represent attractive targets for cancer treatment, and antagonizing LILRB signaling may prove to be effective anti-cancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Deng
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xiaoye Liu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Huang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yubo He
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Byounggyu Yoo
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jingjing Xie
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Samuel John
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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10
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Xu Z, Lin CC, Ho S, Vlad G, Suciu-Foca N. Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by ILT3.Fc. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:554-565. [PMID: 33361206 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the CNS that is characterized by demyelination, axonal loss, gliosis, and inflammation. The murine model of MS is the experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE) induced by immunization of mice with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)35-55 Ig-like transcript 3 (ILT3) is an inhibitory cell surface receptor expressed by tolerogenic human dendritic cells. In this study, we show that the recombinant human ILT3.Fc protein binds to murine immune cells and inhibits the release of proinflammatory cytokines that cause the neuroinflammatory process that result in paralysis. Administration of ILT3.Fc prevents the rapid evolution of the disease in C57BL/6 mice and is associated with a profound reduction of proliferation of MOG35-55-specific Th1 and Th17 cells. Inhibition of IFN-γ and IL-17A in mice treated with ILT3.Fc is associated with delayed time of onset of the disease and its evolution to a peak clinical score. Neuropathological analysis shows a reduction in inflammatory infiltrates and demyelinated areas in the brains and spinal cords of treated mice. These results indicate that inhibition of Th1 and Th17 development provides effective suppression of EAE and suggests the feasibility of a clinical approach based on the use of ILT3.Fc for treatment of MS. Furthermore, our results open the way to further studies on the effect of the human ILT3.Fc protein in murine experimental models of autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Division of Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Chun-Chieh Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032
| | - Sophey Ho
- Division of Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - George Vlad
- Division of Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
| | - Nicole Suciu-Foca
- Division of Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032; and
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11
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Estrada Brull A, Rost F, Oderbolz J, Kirchner FR, Leibundgut-Landmann S, Oxenius A, Joller N. CD85k Contributes to Regulatory T Cell Function in Chronic Viral Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010031. [PMID: 33375121 PMCID: PMC7792974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent excessive immune responses and limit immune pathology upon infections. To fulfill this role in different immune environments elicited by different types of pathogens, Tregs undergo functional specialization into distinct subsets. During acute type 1 immune responses, type 1 Tregs are induced and recruited to the site of ongoing Th1 responses to efficiently control Th1 responses. However, whether a similar specialization process also takes place following chronic infections is still unknown. In this study, we investigated Treg specialization in persistent viral infections using lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection as models for chronic and latent infections, respectively. We identify CD85k as a Th1-specific co-inhibitory receptor with sustained expression in persistent viral infections and show that recombinant CD85k inhibits LCMV-specific effector T cells. Furthermore, expression of the CD85k ligand ALCAM is induced on LCMV-specific and exhausted T cells during chronic LCMV infection. Finally, we demonstrate that type 1 Tregs arising during chronic LCMV infection suppress Th1 effector cells in an ALCAM-dependent manner. These results extend the current knowledge of Treg specialization from acute to persistent viral infections and reveal an important functional role of CD85k in Treg-mediated suppression of type 1 immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/immunology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Cells, Cultured
- Herpesviridae Infections/immunology
- Herpesviridae Infections/metabolism
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/immunology
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/metabolism
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/virology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/immunology
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus/physiology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Muromegalovirus/immunology
- Muromegalovirus/physiology
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Estrada Brull
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Felix Rost
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Josua Oderbolz
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Florian R. Kirchner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé Leibundgut-Landmann
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annette Oxenius
- ETH Zurich, Institute of Microbiology, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; (J.O.); (A.O.)
| | - Nicole Joller
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; (A.E.B.); (F.R.); (F.R.K.); (S.L.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Chien KS, Class CA, Montalban-Bravo G, Wei Y, Sasaki K, Naqvi K, Ganan-Gomez I, Yang H, Soltysiak KA, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Do KA, Kantarjian HM, Garcia-Manero G. LILRB4 expression in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome based on response to hypomethylating agents. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1493-1499. [PMID: 32036728 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1723014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
LILRB4 is expressed in AML M4/M5 cells and negatively regulates immune cell activation via T-cell suppression. Its expression and role in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) are unknown. We investigated LILRB4 expression in 19 CMML and 27 MDS patients and correlated it with response to subsequent hypomethylating agent (HMA) therapy. LILRB4 RNA expression was increased in CMML patients when compared to MDS patients and healthy controls (q < 0.1) and slightly increased in patients who responded to HMAs (q > 0.1). Pathway analysis revealed upregulation of PD-1 signaling, CTLA-4 signaling, and inflammatory response, and gene correlates were positively associated with CTLA-4 expression. Given current modest results with immunotherapy in myeloid malignancies, further investigation of LILRB4 as an immune checkpoint inhibitor target is needed. With the positive correlation between LILRB4 and CTLA-4 expression, combining anti-LILRB4 and anti-CTLA-4 agents may be a novel therapeutic approach in myeloid malignancies that warrants larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Chien
- Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Caleb A Class
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Yue Wei
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kiran Naqvi
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irene Ganan-Gomez
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly A Soltysiak
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kim-Anh Do
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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13
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Motataianu A, Barcutean L, Balasa R. Neuroimmunity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: focus on microglia. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2020; 21:159-166. [PMID: 31903792 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1708949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an incurable, devastating condition of the central nervous system, is characterized by selective destruction of motoneurons with an important contribution of innate and adaptative immunity. Microglia and immune cells are key players in neuroinflammation and active participants in ALS pathogenesis. Recent experiments in animal models have shown that microglia display both neuroprotective and neurotoxic properties, depending on the stage of disease progression and cytokine secretion. A better knowledge of the interactions between T cells and microglia in the immunopathogenesis of ALS is desirable for the development of ALS therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Motataianu
- Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology "George Emil Palade", Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Laura Barcutean
- Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology "George Emil Palade", Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Rodica Balasa
- Neurology Department, University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology "George Emil Palade", Targu Mures, Romania
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14
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Attaway A, Ayache M, Velani S, McKell J. Insights into Asthma Therapies, Cardiovascular Effects, and Mechanisms from Recent Clinical Trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2019; 196:920-922. [PMID: 28812907 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201702-0428rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Attaway
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mirna Ayache
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shrey Velani
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Joanne McKell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Kumar S, Leigh ND, Cao X. The Role of Co-stimulatory/Co-inhibitory Signals in Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:3003. [PMID: 30627129 PMCID: PMC6309815 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective immunotherapeutic approach for various hematologic and immunologic ailments. Despite the beneficial impact of allo-HCT, its adverse effects cause severe health concerns. After transplantation, recognition of host cells as foreign entities by donor T cells induces graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Activation, proliferation and trafficking of donor T cells to target organs and tissues are critical steps in the pathogenesis of GVHD. T cell activation is a synergistic process of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-anchored antigen and co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory signaling in the presence of cytokines. Most of the currently used therapeutic regimens for GVHD are based on inhibiting the allogeneic T cell response or T-cell depletion (TCD). However, the immunosuppressive drugs and TCD hamper the therapeutic potential of allo-HCT, resulting in attenuated graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect as well as increased vulnerability to infection. In view of the drawback of overbroad immunosuppression, co-stimulatory, and co-inhibitory molecules are plausible targets for selective modulation of T cell activation and function that can improve the effectiveness of allo-HCT. Therefore, this review collates existing knowledge of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition with current research that may have the potential to provide novel approaches to cure GVHD without sacrificing the beneficial effects of allo-HCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Nicholas D Leigh
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
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16
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Schetters STT, Gomez-Nicola D, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Van Kooyk Y. Neuroinflammation: Microglia and T Cells Get Ready to Tango. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1905. [PMID: 29422891 PMCID: PMC5788906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many paradigms concerning central nervous system (CNS) immunology have been challenged and shifted, including the discovery of CNS-draining lymphatic vessels, the origin and functional diversity of microglia, the impact of T cells on CNS immunological homeostasis and the role of neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. In parallel, antigen presentation outside the CNS has revealed the vital role of antigen-presenting cells in maintaining tolerance toward self-proteins, thwarting auto-immunity. Here, we review recent findings that unite these shifted paradigms of microglial functioning, antigen presentation, and CNS-directed T cell activation, focusing on common neurodegenerative diseases. It provides an important update on CNS adaptive immunity, novel targets, and a concept of the microglia T-cell equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd T T Schetters
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diego Gomez-Nicola
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette Van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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17
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Xu Z, Chang CC, Li M, Zhang QY, Vasilescu ERM, D’Agati V, Floratos A, Vlad G, Suciu-Foca N. ILT3.Fc–CD166 Interaction Induces Inactivation of p70 S6 Kinase and Inhibits Tumor Cell Growth. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1207-1219. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Ober C, Sperling AI, von Mutius E, Vercelli D. Immune development and environment: lessons from Amish and Hutterite children. Curr Opin Immunol 2017; 48:51-60. [PMID: 28843541 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Children who grow up in traditional farm environments are protected from developing asthma and allergy. This 'farm effect' can be largely explained by the child's early life contact with farm animals, in particular cows, and their microbes. Our studies in Amish and Hutterite school children living on farms in the U.S. have further demonstrated that this protection is mediated through innate immune pathways. Although very similar with respect to ancestry and many lifestyle factors that are associated with asthma risk, Amish and Hutterites follow farming practices that are associated with profound differences in the levels of house dust endotoxin, in the prevalence of asthma and atopy among school children, and in the proportions, phenotypes, and functions of immune cells from these children. In this review, we will consider our studies in Amish and Hutterites children in the context of the many previous studies in European farm children and discuss how these studies have advanced our understanding of the asthma-protective 'farm effect'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and the Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany; Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Munich, Germany; German Center for Lung Research, Germany
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, and Bio5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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19
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van der Touw W, Chen HM, Pan PY, Chen SH. LILRB receptor-mediated regulation of myeloid cell maturation and function. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017. [PMID: 28638976 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LILR) family comprises a set of paired immunomodulatory receptors expressed among human myeloid and lymphocyte cell populations. While six members of LILR subfamily A (LILRA) associate with membrane adaptors to signal via immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating motifs (ITAM), LILR subfamily B (LILRB) members signal via multiple cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM). Ligand specificity of some LILR family members has been studied in detail, but new perspective into the immunoregulatory aspects of this receptor family in human myeloid cells has been limited. LILRB receptors and the murine ortholog, paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIRB), have been shown to negatively regulate maturation pathways in myeloid cells including mast cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, as well as B cells. Our laboratory further demonstrated in mouse models that PIRB regulated functional development of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the formation of a tumor-permissive microenvironment. Based on observations from the literature and our own studies, our laboratory is focusing on how LILRs modulate immune homeostasis of human myeloid cells and how these pathways may be targeted in disease states. Integrity of this pathway in tumor microenvironments, for example, permits a myeloid phenotype that suppresses antitumor adaptive immunity. This review presents the evidence supporting a role of LILRs as myeloid cell regulators and ongoing efforts to understand the functional immunology surrounding this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- William van der Touw
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Hui-Ming Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Houston Methodist Research institute, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Vuddamalay Y, van Meerwijk JPM. CD28 - and CD28 lowCD8 + Regulatory T Cells: Of Mice and Men. Front Immunol 2017; 8:31. [PMID: 28167946 PMCID: PMC5256148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the rebirth of regulatory (formerly known as suppressor) T cells in the early 1990s, research in the field of immune-regulation by various T cell populations has quickly gained momentum. While T cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 are currently in the spotlight, several other T cell populations endowed with potent immunomodulatory capacities have been identified in both the CD8+ and CD4+ compartment. The fundamental difference between CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in terms of antigen recognition suggests non-redundant, and perhaps complementary, functions of regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in immunoregulation. This emphasizes the importance and necessity of continuous research on both subpopulations of regulatory T cells (Tregs) so as to decipher their complex physiological relevance and possible synergy. Two distinct CD8-expressing Treg populations can be distinguished based on expression of the co-stimulatory receptor CD28. Here, we review the literature on these (at least in part) thymus-derived CD28low and peripherally induced CD28-CD8+ Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirajen Vuddamalay
- School of Health Sciences, University of Technology , Port Louis , Mauritius
| | - Joost P M van Meerwijk
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1043, Toulouse, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U5282, Toulouse, France; Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Toulouse, France
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21
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Xu Z, Ho S, Chang CC, Zhang QY, Vasilescu ER, Vlad G, Suciu-Foca N. Molecular and Cellular Characterization of Human CD8 T Suppressor Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:549. [PMID: 27965674 PMCID: PMC5127796 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional interactions between dendritic cells and Ag-experienced T cells initiate either a tolerogenic or immunogenic pathway. The outcome of these interactions is of crucial importance in malignancy, transplantation, and autoimmune diseases. Blockade of costimulation results in the induction of T helper cell anergy and subsequent differentiation of antigen-specific CD8+ T suppressor/regulatory cells (Ts). Ts, primed in the presence of inhibitory signals, exert their inhibitory function in an antigen-specific manner, a feature with tremendous clinical potential. In transplantation or autoimmunity, antigen-specific Ts can enforce tolerance to auto- or allo-antigens, while otherwise leaving the immune response to pathogens uninhibited. Alternatively, blockade of inhibitory receptors results in the generation of cytolytic CD8+ T cells, which is vital toward defense against tumors and viral diseases. Because CD8+ T cells are MHC Class I restricted, they are able to recognize HLA-bound antigenic peptides presented not only by APC but also on parenchymal cells, thus eliciting or suppressing auto- or allo-immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Sophey Ho
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Chih-Chao Chang
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Qing-Yin Zhang
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Elena-Rodica Vasilescu
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - George Vlad
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Nicole Suciu-Foca
- Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University , New York, NY , USA
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22
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Kang X, Kim J, Deng M, John S, Chen H, Wu G, Phan H, Zhang CC. Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors: Immune checkpoint proteins and tumor sustaining factors. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:25-40. [PMID: 26636629 PMCID: PMC4825776 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1121324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRBs 1-5) transduce signals via intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) that recruit protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6 or SHP-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11 or SHP-2), or Src homology 2 domain-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP), leading to negative regulation of immune cell activation. Certain of these receptors also play regulatory roles in neuronal activity and osteoclast development. The activation of LILRBs on immune cells by their ligands may contribute to immune evasion by tumors. Recent studies found that several members of LILRB family are expressed by tumor cells, notably hematopoietic cancer cells, and may directly regulate cancer development and relapse as well as the activity of cancer stem cells. LILRBs thus have dual concordant roles in tumor biology - as immune checkpoint molecules and as tumor-sustaining factors. Importantly, the study of knockout mice indicated that LILRBs do not affect hematopoiesis and normal development. Therefore LILRBs may represent ideal targets for tumor treatment. This review aims to summarize current knowledge on expression patterns, ligands, signaling, and functions of LILRB family members in the context of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunlei Kang
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Mi Deng
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Samuel John
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Heyu Chen
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Guojin Wu
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Hiep Phan
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
| | - Cheng Cheng Zhang
- a Department of Physiology , University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX , USA
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Stein MM, Hrusch CL, Gozdz J, Igartua C, Pivniouk V, Murray SE, Ledford JG, Marques Dos Santos M, Anderson RL, Metwali N, Neilson JW, Maier RM, Gilbert JA, Holbreich M, Thorne PS, Martinez FD, von Mutius E, Vercelli D, Ober C, Sperling AI. Innate Immunity and Asthma Risk in Amish and Hutterite Farm Children. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:411-421. [PMID: 27518660 PMCID: PMC5137793 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1508749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 630] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Amish and Hutterites are U.S. agricultural populations whose lifestyles are remarkably similar in many respects but whose farming practices, in particular, are distinct; the former follow traditional farming practices whereas the latter use industrialized farming practices. The populations also show striking disparities in the prevalence of asthma, and little is known about the immune responses underlying these disparities. METHODS We studied environmental exposures, genetic ancestry, and immune profiles among 60 Amish and Hutterite children, measuring levels of allergens and endotoxins and assessing the microbiome composition of indoor dust samples. Whole blood was collected to measure serum IgE levels, cytokine responses, and gene expression, and peripheral-blood leukocytes were phenotyped with flow cytometry. The effects of dust extracts obtained from Amish and Hutterite homes on immune and airway responses were assessed in a murine model of experimental allergic asthma. RESULTS Despite the similar genetic ancestries and lifestyles of Amish and Hutterite children, the prevalence of asthma and allergic sensitization was 4 and 6 times as low in the Amish, whereas median endotoxin levels in Amish house dust was 6.8 times as high. Differences in microbial composition were also observed in dust samples from Amish and Hutterite homes. Profound differences in the proportions, phenotypes, and functions of innate immune cells were also found between the two groups of children. In a mouse model of experimental allergic asthma, the intranasal instillation of dust extracts from Amish but not Hutterite homes significantly inhibited airway hyperreactivity and eosinophilia. These protective effects were abrogated in mice that were deficient in MyD88 and Trif, molecules that are critical in innate immune signaling. CONCLUSIONS The results of our studies in humans and mice indicate that the Amish environment provides protection against asthma by engaging and shaping the innate immune response. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Stein
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Cara L Hrusch
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Justyna Gozdz
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Catherine Igartua
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Vadim Pivniouk
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Sean E Murray
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Julie G Ledford
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Mauricius Marques Dos Santos
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Rebecca L Anderson
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Nervana Metwali
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Julia W Neilson
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Raina M Maier
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Jack A Gilbert
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Mark Holbreich
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Peter S Thorne
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Fernando D Martinez
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Erika von Mutius
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Donata Vercelli
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
| | - Anne I Sperling
- Department of Human Genetics (M.M. Stein, C.I., R.L.A., C.O.), the Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and the Committee on Immunology (C.L.H., A.I.S.), the Department of Ecology and Evolution (J.A.G.), and the Department of Surgery (J.A.G.), University of Chicago, Chicago, and the Institute for Genomic and Systems Biology, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne (J.A.G.) - all in Illinois; the NIEHS Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine (J.G.), and the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (V.P., D.V.), Medicine (J.G.L.), Chemical and Environmental Engineering (M. Marques dos Santos), and Soil, Water, and Environmental Science (J.W.N., R.M.M.), University of Arizona, and the Arizona Respiratory Center and Bio5 Institute (J.G., V.P., S.E.M., J.G.L., F.D.M., D.V.) - all in Tucson; the Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City (N.M., P.S.T.); Allergy and Asthma Consultants, Indianapolis (M.H.); and Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany (E.M.)
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López-Álvarez MR, Jiang W, Jones DC, Jayaraman J, Johnson C, Cookson WO, Moffatt MF, Trowsdale J, Traherne JA. LILRA6 copy number variation correlates with susceptibility to atopic dermatitis. Immunogenetics 2016; 68:743-7. [PMID: 27333811 PMCID: PMC5026711 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-016-0924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are expressed mostly on myelomonocytic cells where they are mediators of immunological tolerance. Two LILR genes, LILRA3 and LILRA6, exhibit marked copy number variation. We assessed the contribution of these genes to atopic dermatitis (AD) by analysing transmission in 378 AD families. The data indicated that copies of LILRA6 were over-transmitted to affected patients. They are consistent with a contribution of LILR genes to AD. They could affect the equilibrium between activating and inhibitory signals in the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R López-Álvarez
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - W Jiang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - D C Jones
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - J Jayaraman
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - C Johnson
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.,Molecular Genetics and Genomics Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - W O Cookson
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - M F Moffatt
- Molecular Genetics and Genomics Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - J Trowsdale
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - J A Traherne
- Immunology Division, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK. .,Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK.
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Julián MT, Alonso N, Colobran R, Sánchez A, Miñarro A, Pujol-Autonell I, Carrascal J, Rodríguez-Fernández S, Ampudia RM, Vives-Pi M, Puig-Domingo M. CD26/DPPIV inhibition alters the expression of immune response-related genes in the thymi of NOD mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 426:101-12. [PMID: 26911933 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane glycoprotein CD26 or dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a multifunctional protein. In immune system, CD26 plays a role in T-cell function and is also involved in thymic maturation and emigration patterns. In preclinical studies, treatment with DPPIV inhibitors reduces insulitis and delays or even reverses the new -onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. However, the specific mechanisms involved in these effects remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate how DPPIV inhibition modifies the expression of genes in the thymus of NOD mice by microarray analysis. Changes in the gene expression of β-cell autoantigens and Aire in thymic epithelial cells (TECs) were also evaluated by using qRT-PCR. A DPPIV inhibitor, MK626, was orally administered in the diet for 4 and 6 weeks starting at 6-8 weeks of age. Thymic glands from treated and control mice were obtained for each study checkpoint. Thymus transcriptome analysis revealed that 58 genes were significantly over-expressed in MK626-treated mice after 6 weeks of treatment. Changes in gene expression in the thymus were confined mainly to the immune system, including innate immunity, chemotaxis, antigen presentation and immunoregulation. Most of the genes are implicated in central tolerance mechanisms through several pathways. No differences were observed in the expression of Aire and β-cell autoantigens in TECs. In the current study, we demonstrate that treatment with the DPPIV inhibitor MK626 in NOD mice alters the expression of the immune response-related genes in the thymus, especially those related to immunological central tolerance, and may contribute to the prevention of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Julián
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute and Hospital, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute and Hospital, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger Colobran
- Immunology Division, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Sánchez
- Statistics Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Statistics and Bioinformatics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Miñarro
- Statistics Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Pujol-Autonell
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrascal
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodríguez-Fernández
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Ampudia
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vives-Pi
- Immunology Department, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute, 08916, Badalona, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manel Puig-Domingo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Sciences Research Institute and Hospital, 08916, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhang F, Zheng J, Kang X, Deng M, Lu Z, Kim J, Zhang C. Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors in cancer development. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:1216-25. [PMID: 26566804 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRB1-5) signal through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) in their intracellular domains and recruit phosphatases protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6, SHP-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6 (PTPN6, SHP-2), or Src homology 2 domain containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) to negatively regulate immune cell activation. These receptors are known to play important regulatory roles in immune and neuronal functions. Recent studies demonstrated that several of these receptors are expressed by cancer cells. Importantly, they may directly regulate development, drug resistance, and relapse of cancer, and the activity of cancer stem cells. Although counterintuitive, these findings are consistent with the generally immune-suppressive and thus tumor-promoting roles of the inhibitory receptors in the immune system. This review focuses on the ligands, expression pattern, signaling, and function of LILRB family in the context of cancer development. Because inhibition of the signaling of certain LILRBs directly blocks cancer growth and stimulates immunity that may suppress tumorigenesis, but does not disturb normal development, LILRB signaling pathways may represent ideal targets for treating hematological malignancies and perhaps other tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- FeiFei Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - JunKe Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital; Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - XunLei Kang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - Mi Deng
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - ZhiGang Lu
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - Jaehyup Kim
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA
| | - ChengCheng Zhang
- Departments of Physiology and Developmental Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, 75390, USA.
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27
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de Goeje PL, Bezemer K, Heuvers ME, Dingemans AMC, Groen HJ, Smit EF, Hoogsteden HC, Hendriks RW, Aerts JG, Hegmans JP. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 is expressed by myeloid-derived suppressor cells and correlates with survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1014242. [PMID: 26140237 PMCID: PMC4485803 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1014242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in immune suppression and accumulate under pathologic conditions such as cancer and chronic inflammation. They comprise a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that exert their immunosuppressive function via a variety of mechanisms. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3) is a receptor containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) that can be expressed on antigen-presenting cells and is an important regulator of dendritic cell tolerance. ILT3 exists in a membrane-bound and a soluble form and can interact with a yet unidentified ligand on T cells and thereby induce T-cell anergy, regulatory T cells, or T suppressor cells. In this study, we analyzed freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 105 patients with non-small cell lung cancer and 20 healthy controls and demonstrated for the first time that ILT3 is expressed on MDSCs. We show that increased levels of circulating MDSCs correlate with reduced survival. On the basis of ILT3 cell surface expression, an ILT3low and ILT3high population of polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSCs could be distinguished. Interestingly, in line with the immunosuppressive function of ILT3 on dendritic cells, patients with an increased proportion of PMN-MDSCs and an increased fraction of the ILT3high subset had a shorter median survival than patients with elevated PMN-MDSC and a smaller ILT3high fraction. No correlation between the ILT3high subset and other immune variables was found. ILT3 expressed on MDSCs might reflect a previously unknown mechanism by which this cell population induces immune suppression and could therefore be an attractive target for immune intervention.
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Key Words
- APC, antigen-presenting cell
- CD85k
- DC, dendritic cell
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HC, healthy control
- ILT3, immunoglobulin-like transcript 3
- LILRB4
- LIR-5
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell
- MFI, mean fluorescence intensity
- MO-MDSC, monocytic MDSC
- NFκB, nuclear factor κB
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PMN-MDSC, polymorphonuclear MDSC
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- Ts, T suppressor cell
- immune suppression
- immunoglobulin-like transcript 3
- myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- non-small cell lung cancer
- overall survival
- sILT3, soluble ILT3
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline L de Goeje
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Bezemer
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E Heuvers
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie C Dingemans
- Maastricht University Medical Center; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Jm Groen
- University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Egbert F Smit
- VU University Medical Center; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Current address: Netherlands Cancer Institute; Department of Thoracic Oncology; Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk C Hoogsteden
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Gjv Aerts
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Amphia Hospital; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Pjj Hegmans
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute; Department of Pulmonary Medicine; Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Hirayasu K, Arase H. Functional and genetic diversity of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor and implication for disease associations. J Hum Genet 2015; 60:703-8. [PMID: 26040207 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2015.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a family of 11 functional genes encoding five activating (LILRA1, 2, 4-6), five inhibitory (LILRB1-5) and one soluble (LILRA3) form. The number of LILR genes is conserved among individuals, except for LILRA3 and LILRA6, which exhibit copy-number variations. The LILR genes are rapidly evolving and showing large interspecies differences, making it difficult to analyze the functions of LILR using an animal model. LILRs are expressed on various cells such as lymphoid and myeloid cells and the expression patterns are different from gene to gene. The LILR gene expression and polymorphisms have been reported to be associated with autoimmune and infectious diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and cytomegalovirus infection. Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I is a well-characterized ligand for some LILRs, non-HLA ligands have been increasingly identified in recent years. LILRs have diverse functions, including the regulation of inflammation, immune tolerance, cell differentiation and nervous system plasticity. This review focuses on the genetic and functional diversity of the LILR family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouyuki Hirayasu
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisashi Arase
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Immunochemistry, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Waschbisch A, Sanderson N, Krumbholz M, Vlad G, Theil D, Schwab S, Mäurer M, Derfuss T. Interferon beta and vitamin D synergize to induce immunoregulatory receptors on peripheral blood monocytes of multiple sclerosis patients. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115488. [PMID: 25551576 PMCID: PMC4281069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) 3 and 4 are inhibitory receptors that modulate immune responses. Their expression has been reported to be affected by interferon, offering a possible mechanism by which this cytokine exerts its therapeutic effect in multiple sclerosis, a condition thought to involve excessive immune activity. To investigate this possibility, we measured expression of ILT3 and ILT4 on immune cells from multiple sclerosis patients, and in post-mortem brain tissue. We also studied the ability of interferon beta, alone or in combination with vitamin D, to induce upregulation of these receptors in vitro, and compared expression levels between interferon-treated and untreated multiple sclerosis patients. In vitro interferon beta treatment led to a robust upregulation of ILT3 and ILT4 on monocytes, and dihydroxyvitamin D3 increased expression of ILT3 but not ILT4. ILT3 was abundant in demyelinating lesions in postmortem brain, and expression on monocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid was higher than in peripheral blood, suggesting that the central nervous system milieu induces ILT3, or that ILT3 positive monocytes preferentially enter the brain. Our data are consistent with involvement of ILT3 and ILT4 in the modulation of immune responsiveness in multiple sclerosis by both interferon and vitamin D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Waschbisch
- Dept. of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas Sanderson
- Dept. of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - George Vlad
- Dept. of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Diethilde Theil
- Dept. of Neurology, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwab
- Dept. of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Mäurer
- Dept. of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Derfuss
- Dept. of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Xu Z, Ho S, Chang CC, Liu Z, Li M, Vasilescu ER, Clynes RA, Vlad G, Suciu-Foca N. ILT3.Fc inhibits the production of exosomes containing inflammatory microRNA in supernatants of alloactivated T cells. Hum Immunol 2014; 75:756-9. [PMID: 24862932 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune activation needs to be tightly regulated to control immune-mediated tissue damage. Inhibitory pathways serve to terminate an immune response and resolve inflammation. Persistent exposure to antigens can drive development of adaptive regulatory cells. Similarly exposure of activated T cells to the recombinant ILT3-Fc molecule during priming triggers the differentiation of CD8 T suppressor cells and the induction of CD4 T helper anergy. Ts express high levels of immunoregulatory signature genes together with low levels of microRNA which control their function. Analysis of microRNA contained by exosomes from cultures in which T cells were alloactivated in the presence or absence of ILT3.Fc, demonstrated that this agent inhibits the release of inflammatory microRNA. The source of such inflammatory microRNA was found to reside in alloactivated CD4 T cells, since exosomes from MLC primed CD4 T cells were shown to diminish the suppressive activity of ILT3-Fc-induced CD8(+) Ts at high effector to suppressor T cell ratios. This indicates that inflammatory exosomes can swing the balance between effector and regulatory T cells in favor of immunity. These data suggest that isolation and characterization of micro-RNA containing exosomes in patients' circulation may be of use for treatment, prevention and monitoring of immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sophey Ho
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chih-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zhuoru Liu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Muyang Li
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elena R Vasilescu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Raphael A Clynes
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Vlad
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nicole Suciu-Foca
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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31
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Podshivalova K, Salomon DR. MicroRNA regulation of T-lymphocyte immunity: modulation of molecular networks responsible for T-cell activation, differentiation, and development. Crit Rev Immunol 2014; 33:435-76. [PMID: 24099302 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2013006858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that constitute an essential and evolutionarily conserved mechanism for post-transcriptional gene regulation. Multiple miRNAs have been described to play key roles in T-lymphocyte development, differentiation, and function. In this review, we highlight the current literature regarding the differential expression of miRNAs in various models of murine and human T-cell biology. We emphasize mechanistic understandings of miRNA regulation of thymocyte development, T-cell activation, and differentiation into effector and memory subsets. We describe the participation of miRNAs in complex regulatory circuits shaping T-cell proteomes in a context-dependent manner. It is striking that some miRNAs regulate multiple processes, while others only appear in limited functional contexts. It is also evident that the expression and function of specific miRNAs can differ between murine and human systems. Ultimately, it is not always correct to simplify the complex events of T-cell biology into a model driven by only one or two master regulator miRNAs. In reality, T-cell activation and differentiation involve the expression of multiple miRNAs with many mRNA targets; thus, the true extent of miRNA regulation of T-cell biology is likely far more vast than currently appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Podshivalova
- Laboratory for Functional Genomics, Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
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32
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López-Álvarez MR, Jones DC, Jiang W, Traherne JA, Trowsdale J. Copy number and nucleotide variation of the LILR family of myelomonocytic cell activating and inhibitory receptors. Immunogenetics 2013; 66:73-83. [PMID: 24257760 PMCID: PMC3894450 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-013-0742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are cell surface molecules that regulate the activities of myelomonocytic cells through the balance of inhibitory and activation signals. LILR genes are located within the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) on chromosome 19q13.4 adjacent to KIR genes, which are subject to allelic and copy number variation (CNV). LILRB3 (ILT5) and LILRA6 (ILT8) are highly polymorphic receptors with similar extracellular domains. LILRB3 contains inhibitory ITIM motifs and LILRA6 is coupled to an adaptor with activating ITAM motifs. We analysed the sequences of the extracellular immunoglobulin domain-encoding regions of LILRB3 and LILRA6 in 20 individuals, and determined the copy number of these receptors, in addition to those of other members of the LILR family. We found 41 polymorphic sites within the extracellular domains of LILRB3 and LILRA6. Twenty-four of these sites were common to both receptors. LILRA6, but not LILRB3, exhibited CNV. In 20 out of 48 human cell lines from the International Histocompatibility Working Group, LILRA6 was deleted or duplicated. The only other LILR gene exhibiting genomic aberration was LILRA3, in this case due to a partial deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María R López-Álvarez
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
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33
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Chen L, Xu Z, Chang C, Ho S, Liu Z, Vlad G, Cortesini R, Clynes RA, Luo Y, Suciu-Foca N. Allospecific CD8 T suppressor cells induced by multiple MLC stimulation or priming in the presence of ILT3.Fc have similar gene expression profiles. Hum Immunol 2013; 75:190-6. [PMID: 24220571 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Alloantigen specific CD8 T suppressor cells can be generated in vitro either by multiple stimulations of CD3 T cells with allogeneic APC or by single stimulation in primary MLC containing recombinant ILT3.Fc protein. The aim of the present study was to determine whether multiple MLC stimulation induced in CD8(+) CD28(-) T suppressor cells molecular changes that are similar to those observed in CD8 T suppressor cells from primary MLC containing ILT3.Fc protein. Our study demonstrates that the characteristic signatures of CD8 T suppressor cells, generated by either of these methods are the same consisting of up-regulation of the BCL6 transcriptional repressor and down-regulation of inflammatory microRNAs, miR-21, miR-30b, miR-146a, and miR-155 expression. In conclusion microRNAs which are increased under inflammatory conditions in activated CD4 and CD8 T cells with helper or cytotoxic function show low levels of expression in CD8 T cells which have acquired antigen-specific suppressor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States; Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Chris Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Sophey Ho
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Zhuoru Liu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - George Vlad
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Raffaello Cortesini
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Raphael A Clynes
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States
| | - Yun Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang, Jiujiang Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Nicole Suciu-Foca
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States.
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34
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Nam G, Shi Y, Ryu M, Wang Q, Song H, Liu J, Yan J, Qi J, Gao GF. Crystal structures of the two membrane-proximal Ig-like domains (D3D4) of LILRB1/B2: alternative models for their involvement in peptide-HLA binding. Protein Cell 2013; 4:761-70. [PMID: 23955630 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-013-3908-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs), also called CD85s, ILTs, or LIRs, are important mediators of immune activation and tolerance that contain tandem immunoglobulin (Ig)-like folds. There are 11 (in addition to two pseudogenes) LILRs in total, two with two Ig-like domains (D1D2) and the remaining nine with four Ig-like domains (D1D2D3D4). Thus far, the structural features of the D1D2 domains of LILR proteins are well defined, but no structures for the D3D4 domains have been reported. This is a very important field to be studied as it relates to the unknown functions of the D3D4 domains, as well as their relative orientation to the D1D2 domains on the cell surface. Here, we report the crystal structures of the D3D4 domains of both LILRB1 and LILRB2. The two Ig-like domains of both LILRB1-D3D4 and LILRB2-D3D4 are arranged at an acute angle (∼60°) to form a bent structure, resembling the structures of natural killer inhibitory receptors. Based on these two D3D4 domain structures and previously reported D1D2/HLA I complex structures, two alternative models of full-length (four Ig-like domains) LILR molecules bound to HLA I are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gol Nam
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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35
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Bakdash G, Sittig SP, van Dijk T, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. The nature of activatory and tolerogenic dendritic cell-derived signal II. Front Immunol 2013; 4:53. [PMID: 23450201 PMCID: PMC3584294 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central in maintaining the intricate balance between immunity and tolerance by orchestrating adaptive immune responses. Being the most potent antigen presenting cells, DCs are capable of educating naïve T cells into a wide variety of effector cells ranging from immunogenic CD4+ T helper cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to tolerogenic regulatory T cells. This education is based on three fundamental signals. Signal I, which is mediated by antigen/major histocompatibility complexes binding to antigen-specific T cell receptors, guarantees antigen specificity. The co-stimulatory signal II, mediated by B7 family molecules, is crucial for the expansion of the antigen-specific T cells. The final step is T cell polarization by signal III, which is conveyed by DC-derived cytokines and determines the effector functions of the emerging T cell. Although co-stimulation is widely recognized to result from the engagement of T cell-derived CD28 with DC-expressed B7 molecules (CD80/CD86), other co-stimulatory pathways have been identified. These pathways can be divided into two groups based on their impact on primed T cells. Whereas pathways delivering activatory signals to T cells are termed co-stimulatory pathways, pathways delivering tolerogenic signals to T cells are termed co-inhibitory pathways. In this review, we discuss how the nature of DC-derived signal II determines the quality of ensuing T cell responses and eventually promoting either immunity or tolerance. A thorough understanding of this process is instrumental in determining the underlying mechanism of disorders demonstrating distorted immunity/tolerance balance, and would help innovating new therapeutic approaches for such disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith Bakdash
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Induction of antigen-specific human T suppressor cells by membrane and soluble ILT3. Exp Mol Pathol 2012; 93:294-301. [PMID: 23018130 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2012.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD8 suppressor T cells (CD8(+) Ts) are adaptive regulatory T cells that are induced in vivo and in vitro by chronic antigenic stimulation of human T cells. CD8(+) Ts induce the upregulation of the inhibitory receptors ILT3 and ILT4 on monocytes and dendritic cells rendering these antigen presenting cells (APCs) tolerogenic. Tolerogenic APCs induce CD4(+) T helper anergy and elicit the differentiation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T regulatory/suppressor cells. Overexpression of membrane ILT3 in APC results in inhibition of NF-κB activation, transcription of inflammatory cytokines and costimulatory molecules. Soluble ILT3-Fc which contains only the extracellular, Ig-like domain linked to mutated IgG1 Fc, is strongly immunosuppressive. ILT3-Fc, induces the differentiation of human CD8(+) Ts which inhibit CD4(+) Th and CD8(+) CTL effector function both in vitro and in vivo. The acquisition of Ts' function by primed CD8(+) T cells treated with ILT3-Fc was demonstrated to be the effect of the significant upregulation of BCL6, a transcriptional repressor of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and granzyme B. The upregulated expression of BCL6, SOCS1 and DUSP10 is integral to the signature of ILT3-Fc-induced CD8(+) Ts. These genes are known inhibitors of cytokine production and TCR signaling and are targeted by miRNAs which are suppressed by ILT3-Fc. ILT3-Fc induces tolerance to allogeneic human islets and reverses rejection after its onset in a humanized NOD/SCID mouse model. Based on these findings we postulate that ILT3-Fc may become an important new agent for treatment of autoimmunity and transplant rejection.
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Expression of Leukocyte Inhibitory Immunoglobulin-like Transcript 3 Receptors by Ovarian Tumors in Laying Hen Model of Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:85-91. [PMID: 22496924 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Attempts to enhance a patient's immune response and ameliorate the poor prognosis of ovarian cancer (OVCA) have largely been unsuccessful owing to the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3) inhibitory receptors have been implicated in immunosuppression in several malignancies. The expression and role of ILT3 in the progression of ovarian tumors are unknown. This study examined the expression and association of ILT3 in ovarian tumors in laying hens, a spontaneous preclinical model of human OVCA. White Leghorn laying hens were selected by transvaginal ultrasound scanning. Serum and normal ovaries or ovarian tumors were collected. The presence of tumors and the expression of ILT3 were examined by routine histology, immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition to stromal immune cell-like cells, the epithelium of the ovarian tumors also expressed ILT3 with significantly high intensity than normal ovaries. Among different subtypes of ovarian carcinomas, serous OVCA showed the highest ILT3 staining intensity, whereas endometrioid OVCA had the lowest intensity. Similar to humans, an immunoreactive protein band of approximately 55 kDa for ILT3 was detected in the ovarian tumors in hens. The patterns of ILT3 protein and messenger RNA expression by ovarian tumors in different subtypes and stages were similar to those of immunohistochemical staining. The results of this study suggest that laying hens may be useful to generate information on ILT3-associated immunosuppression in OVCA. This animal model also offers the opportunity to develop and test anti-ILT3 immunotherapy to enhance antitumor immunity against OVCA in humans.
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Chang CC, Zhang QY, Liu Z, Clynes RA, Suciu-Foca N, Vlad G. Downregulation of inflammatory microRNAs by Ig-like transcript 3 is essential for the differentiation of human CD8(+) T suppressor cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:3042-52. [PMID: 22387553 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1102899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the mechanism underlying the immunoregulatory function of membrane Ig-like transcript 3 (ILT3) and soluble ILT3Fc. microRNA (miRNA) expression profile identified genes that were downregulated in ILT3-induced human CD8(+) T suppressor cells (Ts) while upregulated in T cells primed in the absence of ILT3. We found that miR-21, miR-30b, and miR-155 target the 3'-untranslated region of genes whose expression was strongly increased in ILT3Fc-induced Ts, such as dual specificity phosphatase 10, B cell CLL/lymphoma 6, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1, respectively. Transfection of miRNA mimics or inhibitors and site-specific mutagenesis of their 3'-untranslated region binding sites indicated that B cell CLL/lymphoma 6, dual specificity phosphatase 10, and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 are direct targets of miR-30b, miR-21, and miR-155. Primed CD8(+) T cells transfected with miR-21&30b, miR-21&155, or miR-21&30b&155 inhibitors displayed suppressor activity when added to autologous CD3-triggered CD4 T cells. Luciferase reporter assays of miR-21 and miR-155 indicated that their transcription is highly dependent on AP-1. Analysis of activated T cells showed that ILT3Fc inhibited the translocation to the nucleus of the AP-1 subunits, FOSB and c-FOS, and the phosphorylation of ZAP70 and phospholipase C-γ 1. In conclusion, ILT3Fc inhibits T cell activation and induces the generation of Ts targeting multiple inflammatory miRNA pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Chang
- Division of Immunogenetics and Cellular Immunology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Tsai S, Clemente-Casares X, Santamaria P. CD8(+) Tregs in autoimmunity: learning "self"-control from experience. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3781-95. [PMID: 21671120 PMCID: PMC11114820 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autoreactive CD8(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) play important roles as modulators of immune responses against self, and numerical and functional defects in CD8(+) Tregs have been linked to autoimmunity. Several subsets of CD8(+) Tregs have been described. However, the origin of these T cells and how they participate in the natural progression of autoimmunity remain poorly defined. We discuss several lines of evidence suggesting that the autoimmune process itself promotes the development of autoregulatory CD8(+) T cells. We posit that chronic autoantigenic exposure fosters the differentiation of non-pathogenic autoreactive CD8(+) T cells into antigen-experienced, memory-like autoregulatory T cells, to generate a "negative feedback" regulatory loop capable of countering pathogenic autoreactive effectors. This hypothesis predicts that approaches capable of boosting autoregulatory T cell memory will be able to blunt autoimmunity without compromising systemic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Tsai
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
| | - Pere Santamaria
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Inflammation, Infection and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. N.W, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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Pharmacological manipulation of dendritic cells in the pursuit of transplantation tolerance. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2011; 16:372-8. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0b013e3283484b42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Cheng H, Mohammed F, Nam G, Chen Y, Qi J, Garner LI, Allen RL, Yan J, Willcox BE, Gao GF. Crystal structure of leukocyte Ig-like receptor LILRB4 (ILT3/LIR-5/CD85k): a myeloid inhibitory receptor involved in immune tolerance. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18013-25. [PMID: 21454581 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.221028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloid inhibitory receptor LILRB4 (also called ILT3, LIR-5, CD85k), a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILRs/LIRs), is an important mediator of immune tolerance. Up-regulated on tolerogenic dendritic cells, it has been shown to modulate immune responses via induction of T cell anergy and differentiation of CD8(+) T suppressor cells and may play a role in establishing immune tolerance in cancer. Consequently, characterizing the molecular mechanisms involved in LILRB4 function and in particular its structure and ligands is a key aim but has remained elusive to date. Here we describe the production, crystallization, and structure of the LILRB4 ectodomain to 1.7 Å using an expression strategy involving engineering of an additional disulfide bond in the D2 domain to enhance protein stability. LILRB4 comprises two immunoglobulin domains similar in structure to other LILRs; however, the D2 domain, which is most closely related to the D4 domains of other family members, contains 3(10) helices not previously observed. At the D1-D2 interface, reduced interdomain contacts resulted in an obtuse interdomain angle of ∼107°. Comparison with MHC class I binding Group 1 LILRs suggests LILRB4 is both conformationally and electrostatically unsuited to MHC ligation, consistent with LILRB4 status as a Group 2 LILR likely to bind novel non-MHC class I ligands. Finally, examination of the LILRB4 surface highlighted distinctive surface patches on the D1 domain and D1D2 hinge region, which may be involved in ligand binding. These findings will facilitate our attempts to precisely define the role of LILRB4 in the regulation of immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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42
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Chu CC, Di Meglio P, Nestle FO. Harnessing dendritic cells in inflammatory skin diseases. Semin Immunol 2011; 23:28-41. [PMID: 21295490 PMCID: PMC3235550 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The skin immune system harbors a complex network of dendritic cells (DCs). Recent studies highlight a diverse functional specialization of skin DC subsets. In addition to generating cellular and humoral immunity against pathogens, skin DCs are involved in tolerogenic mechanisms to ensure the maintenance of immune homeostasis, as well as in pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in the skin when excessive immune responses are initiated and unrestrained. Harnessing DCs by directly targeting DC-derived molecules or selectively modulate DC subsets is a convincing strategy to tackle inflammatory skin diseases. In this review we discuss recent advances underlining the functional specialization of skin DCs and discuss the potential implication for future DC-based therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ching Chu
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals, 9th floor Tower Wing, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
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Vlad G, King J, Chang CC, Liu Z, Friedman RA, Torkamani AA, Suciu-Foca N. Gene profile analysis of CD8(+) ILT3-Fc induced T suppressor cells. Hum Immunol 2010; 72:107-14. [PMID: 20974207 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Gene profile analysis of ILT3-Fc-induced Ts revealed a significant upregulation of Zink finger proteins, most of which act as transcriptional repressors. Included among these repressors is BCL6, which was shown to play a critical role in the differentiation of ILT3-Fc-induced T suppressor (Ts) cells. Genes implicated in cell cycle progression were downregulated. Genes encoding numerous inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were also downregulated. In contrast, antiapoptotic genes, as well as members of the WNT and transforming growth factor-β pathways, were upregulated. This study elucidates certain important aspects of Ts differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Vlad
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Chang CC, Vlad G, D'Agati VD, Liu Z, Zhang QY, Witkowski P, Torkamani AA, Stokes MB, Ho EK, Cortesini R, Suciu-Foca N. BCL6 is required for differentiation of Ig-like transcript 3-Fc-induced CD8+ T suppressor cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:5714-22. [PMID: 20935202 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ig-like transcript 3 (ILT3) is an inhibitory receptor expressed by tolerogenic dendritic cells. When human CD8(+) T cells are allostimulated in the presence of recombinant ILT3-Fc protein, they differentiate into antigenic specific T suppressor (Ts) cells that inhibit CD4 and CD8 T cell effector function both in vitro and in vivo. ILT3-Fc-induced CD8(+) Ts cells express high amounts of BCL6 that are crucial to their function. Knockdown of BCL6 from unprimed human T cells prevents their differentiation into Ts cells, whereas ex vivo overexpression of BCL6 converts CD8(+) T cells into Ts cells. NOD/SCID mice transplanted with human pancreatic islets and humanized by injection of human PBMCs tolerate the graft and develop BCL6(high) CD8(+) Ts cells when treated with ILT3-Fc before or after the onset of rejection. This indicates that ILT3-Fc acts through BCL6 and is a potent immunosuppressive agent for reversing the onset of allo- or possibly autoimmune attacks against pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chao Chang
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Vlad G, Chang CC, Colovai AI, Vasilescu ER, Cortesini R, Suciu-Foca N. Membrane and soluble ILT3 are critical to the generation of T suppressor cells and induction of immunological tolerance. Int Rev Immunol 2010; 29:119-32. [PMID: 20132030 DOI: 10.3109/08830180903281185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The tolerogenic phenotype of human dendritic cells is characterized by high cell surface expression of the inhibitory receptor ILT3. ILT3 signals both intracellularly inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation, NF-kappaB and MAPK p38 activity, transcription of certain co-stimulatory molecules, secretion of cytokines and chemokines, and extracellularly into the T cells with which the dendritic cells interact. Both ILT3(high) tolerogenic dendritic cells and soluble ILT3 induce CD4 Th anergy and differentiation of antigen specific CD8 T suppressor cells. Recombinant ILT3-Fc protein has important immunotherapeutic potential acting directly on activated T cells and promoting the induction of immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Vlad
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Thomas R, Matthias T, Witte T. Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors as new players in autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2010; 38:159-62. [PMID: 19548123 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-009-8148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) are a family of at least 13 receptors mainly expressed on lymphoid and myelomonocytic cells. They are involved in the activation of the immune system. Inhibitory LILR (termed LILRB) signal through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motives in the cytoplasmic domain, whereas LILRA with short cytoplasmic domains are stimulatory receptors. Polymorphisms and deletions of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors have been shown to be associated with autoimmune disorders, and some of the receptors are involved in the generation of regulatory T cells. Therefore, leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors may be central in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. The data linking these receptors to autoimmune diseases is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thomas
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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48
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Jensen MA, Yanowitch RN, Reder AT, White DM, Arnason BGW. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3, an inhibitor of T cell activation, is reduced on blood monocytes during multiple sclerosis relapses and is induced by interferon beta-1b. Mult Scler 2009; 16:30-8. [PMID: 20007427 DOI: 10.1177/1352458509352794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin-like transcripts (ILTs) are immunoregulatory proteins that either activate or inhibit immune responses. ILT3 is inhibitory and is expressed preferentially by antigen-presenting cells. When its extracellular domain binds to an unidentified ligand of activated T cells, the T cell is silenced. Our objective was to study the expression of ILT3 on circulating monocytes in RRMS. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed by multicolored flow cytometry. The proportion of ILT3(+)CD14(+) monocytes in blood, and ILT3 levels expressed by them, is lower in untreated multiple sclerosis in relapse than in: (1) untreated multiple sclerosis in remission (p < 0.009); (2) stable interferon beta-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (p < 0.001) and; (3) healthy controls (p < 0.009). Glatiramer acetate-stimulated CD4( +) T cells, co-cultured with freshly isolated monocytes, proliferate significantly better (p = 0.0017 for multiple sclerosis; p = 0.0015 for controls) when T cell interaction with monocyte-expressed ILT3 is blocked by anti-ILT3 antibody. Interferon beta is beneficial in multiple sclerosis; why so remains unclear. Interferon beta-1b markedly increases ILT3 expression in vitro by monocytes from multiple sclerosis patients and controls. These findings identify a putative novel mechanism for the therapeutic benefit bestowed by Interferon beta and a new target for therapeutic intervention in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Jensen
- Department of Neurology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Chui CS, Li D. Role of immunolglobulin-like transcript family receptors and their ligands in suppressor T-cell–induced dendritic cell tolerization. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:686-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Wu J, Zhang W, Hernandez-Lopez P, Fabelo E, Parikh M, Mulloy LL, Horuzsko A. Isoforms of human leukocyte antigen-G and their inhibitory receptors in human kidney allograft acceptance. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:988-94. [PMID: 19664670 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel therapeutic strategies such as the modulation of dendritic cell and T-cell function have exhibited great potential in clinical transplantation. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a molecule that plays a significant role in establishing complex mechanisms to protect semiallogeneic fetuses from rejection by the maternal immune system. The unique characteristics of both cell-surface and soluble isoforms of HLA-G, the formation of disulfide-bonded dimers with the potential to augment inhibitory receptor signaling, and the function of HLA-G as a preferential ligand for the immunoglobulin-like transcript receptors make HLA-G very important in fundamental approaches for the modulation of immune responses to improve allogeneic graft survival in clinical transplantation. Experimental data from several groups as well as our data from experiments involving HLA-G-mediated human tolerogenic dendritic cells in vitro and receptor transgenic mice in vivo indicate that different isoforms of HLA-G have various immunomodulatory effects through the inhibitory receptors. This knowledge is crucial in understanding mechanisms of prolongation of allograft survival. The analyses of HLA-G isoforms and inhibitory receptors in patients with kidney allograft and the relationship among different isoforms of HLA-G, inhibitory receptors, their mediated immunoregulation, and graft acceptance or failure will be discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Center for Molecular Chaperone/Radiobiology and Cancer Virology, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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